GOVERNMENT OF MALAWI MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE SHIRE VALLEY TRANSFORMATION PROJECT Draft Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Phase 2 9 February 2022 1 Contents List of Acronyms............................................................................................................................................ 5 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 7 The Shire Valley Transformation Program ................................................................................................ 7 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ......................................................................................... 9 Objective of this ESMP .............................................................................................................................. 9 Cost of the ESMP ..................................................................................................................................... 11 2. RELATION BETWEEN THE ESMP AND OTHER STUDIES ........................................................................... 12 3. SVTP PHASE 2 PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION .......................................................................... 19 3.1 Canals ................................................................................................................................................ 19 3.2 Night Storage .................................................................................................................................... 20 3.3 Command Areas ................................................................................................................................ 20 3.4 Operation of the Irrigation Scheme ................................................................................................. 21 3.5 Operation of the Farms ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.6 Other Works ..................................................................................................................................... 23 3.6.1 Natural Resources Enhancement measures .............................................................................. 23 3.6.2 Waste Management Planning .................................................................................................... 23 3.6.3 OHS training programs ............................................................................................................... 23 4. STRUCTURE OF THE ESMP....................................................................................................................... 25 5. DELIVERING CONTRACTOR AND OPERATOR PERFORMANCE ................................................................ 26 5.1 Construction Contractor for Main Canal and Associated Infrastructure .......................................... 26 5.1.1 Unique Risks to be Managed by the Contractor ........................................................................ 26 5.1.2 Preparing the Bidding Document............................................................................................... 27 5.1.3 The Environmental and Social Specification .............................................................................. 30 5.2 Supervising the Construction Contractor Performance.................................................................... 44 5.2.1 Supervising Engineer .................................................................................................................. 44 5.2.2 Regulatory Authorities ............................................................................................................... 46 5.2.3 Performance Indicators.............................................................................................................. 47 5.3 Compliance during Operation ........................................................................................................... 47 5.3.1 Commercial Farms ..................................................................................................................... 47 5.3.2 Canal Infrastructure Operator ................................................................................................... 48 6. INTEGRATING MITIGATION INTO THE DETAILED DESIGN....................................................................... 50 6.1 Fine-Tuning the Command Areas to benefit the communities and the environment ..................... 50 6.2 River Training Work .......................................................................................................................... 52 2 6.3 Buffer Zones around Lengwe National Park and Encroachment ...................................................... 53 6.4 Crossing Structures at Tributary Rivers............................................................................................. 53 6.5 Anti-Drowning Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 55 6.5 Canal Crossings and Cattle Troughs ................................................................................................. 55 6.6 Specific Measures for Lengwe National Park.................................................................................... 56 6.6.1 Biodiversity Management Plan .................................................................................................. 58 6.7 Permanent Loss of Buildings and Community Infrastructure .......................................................... 58 6.8 Avoidance of Cultural Heritage Sites and Features of Archaeological Interest ................................ 59 7. COMPENSATION FOR LENGWE NATIONAL PARK ................................................................................... 61 8. OTHER MEASURES .................................................................................................................................. 67 8.1 Natural Resources Management Component .................................................................................. 67 Waste Management Planning............................................................................................................. 67 OHS Training ....................................................................................................................................... 67 8.2 Engaging with Law Enforcement....................................................................................................... 76 8.3 Managing a period of Rapid Social Change....................................................................................... 76 8.4 Fish Ponds and alternative income ................................................................................................... 77 8.5 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................... 77 8.5.1 Rescue Archaeological Investigations in Phase 2....................................................................... 77 8.5.2 Archaeological Monitoring, Contractor Awareness Training and Chance Finds Procedure ...... 79 8.6 Action Plan for gender and youth ..................................................................................................... 83 9 MONITORING PLAN.................................................................................................................................. 97 9.1 Responsibilities for implementing measures .................................................................................... 97 9.3 Reporting implementation Performance of the ESMP ................................................................... 103 ANNEX 1: SCREENING PROCESS OF OTHER MEASURES (CHAPTER 8), PROJECT CONSTRUCTION CAMPS, QUARRIES, BORROWER AREAS, AND COMMAND AREAS ...................................................................................................... 104 ANNEX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM ................................................................................. 107 ANNEX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK SCREENING FORM ............................................................. 114 ANNEX 4: INDICATIVE DESIGN FOR IRISH CROSSING ............................................................................................. 118 3 List of Figures Figure 1: Layout of SVTP ............................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 2: Monitoring of Construction Contractor ....................................................................................... 47 Figure 3: Set Aside Lands ............................................................................................................................ 54 Figure 4: Map showing proposed crossing points in Lengwe National Park .............................................. 57 List of Tables Table 1: Summary of costs for the ESMP for SVTP-II .................................................................................. 11 Table 2: Relations between studies ............................................................................................................ 12 Table 3: Main Bangula Canal Characteristics .............................................................................................. 19 Table 4: Measures to be included in the Environmental and Social Specification ..................................... 30 Table 5: Set-aside lands and their coordinates ........................................................................................... 52 Table 6: Peak flow of right bank Shire tributaries ...................................................................................... 53 Table 7: Summary of costs for compensation for LNP................................................................................ 66 Table 8: Summary of costs for Health and Safety Actions .......................................................................... 75 Table 9: High Priority sites that may be affected in Phase 2 ...................................................................... 77 Table 10: Summary of costs for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage .......................................................... 82 4 List of Acronyms BMPs Best Management Practices BWO Bulk Water Operator CC Construction contractor DPNW Department of National Parks and Wildlife EAD Environmental Affairs Department of the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources EF Environmental Flow EGENCO Electricity Generation Company Malawi Environmental, Social and Health and Safety Requirements of the bidding documents, E&S comprising as a minimum relevant parts of the General Conditions of Contract, Particular Requirements Conditions of Contract, Employers Requirements (including the Environmental and Social Specification), Technical Specification and Specific Specification ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FS Feasibility Study GoM Government of Malawi Ha Hectares IFC International Finance Corporation KRC Korea Rural Corporation LNP Lengwe National Park Masl Meters above sea level MDoA Malawi Department of Antiquities MWK Malawian Kwacha (1$ US equals +/-715 MWK) MoAIWD Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development LNP Lengwe National Park OHSM Occupational Health and Safety Manual PAP project-affected people PCCPLTRPF Preparation and Implementation of a Communications, Community Participation, Land Tenure and Resettlement Policy Framework PMP Pest Management Plan PMT Project Management Team PPE Protective Personal Equipment PPP Public Private Partnership 5 RAP Resettlement Action Plan RoW Right-of-Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SOCFE Smallholder Owned Commercial Farm Enterprise SRBMP Shire River Basin Management Program STD Sexually Transmitted Disease SVTP Shire Valley Transformation Program TORs Terms of Reference WESM Wildlife and Environmental Society of Malawi 6 1. INTRODUCTION This is the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Phase 2 of the Shire Valley Transformation Project (SVTP). This ESMP specifies the environmental and social management processes to deliver the mitigation and enhancement measures to be carried out in Phase 2 of the program. A separate ESMP has been prepared for Phase 1 of the program. This ESMP should be read alongside the updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report for the program, where a full description of the predicted impacts and effects can be found, together with the rationale for the mitigation and enhancement measures: this ESMP focusses on the mechanisms for the delivery of the mitigation measures required in the ESIA. The ESMP also describes the monitoring and institutional strengthening measures that will be implemented to deliver the mitigation. There is also a Pest Management Plan (PMP) report which specifically sets out the mitigation to be put in place to manage the impact of any pesticide, herbicide, fertilizer or other farm chemical use during agricultural activities. The Labour Management Procedures (LMP) describe the working arrangements and health and safety measures that will apply for workers undertaking certain project activities (for example on sub-projects). This ESMP report is the work of Malawi’s Ministry of Agriculture, and it builds on work covered under the ESMP for Phase I that was produced by a consulting firm, BRLi. In parallel, the Korea Rural Corporation (KRC) is the consultant that prepared the technical Feasibility Study (FS) for SVTP, and is currently supervising the construction activity on Phase 1. The Government of Malawi may update this ESMP, in response to additional public and stakeholder comments as well as any new technical project information that may become available, particularly once the detailed engineering design of the canal infrastructure for Phase 2 if there are significant differences from the FS. The canal in question is MC2 (Bangula line), and its associated secondary, and tertiary canals, pipelines and in-field works The Shire Valley Transformation Program SVTP is a 14-year program (2017-2031) structured around three coordinated pillars: • Providing reliable, professionally managed and sustainably financed irrigation service to a large number of irrigators in the Lower Shire; • Establishment of smallholder-owned commercial farm enterprises transitioning into commercial agriculture from subsistence farming and integrating them into commercial value chains; and • Support to farmer organizations within a comprehensive land use plan; supporting land tenure strengthening and consolidation; as well as natural resources management. The Project Objective for SVTP is to (i) provide access to reliable gravity-fed irrigation and drainage services, (ii) secure land tenure for smallholder farmers, and (iii) strengthen management of wetlands and protected areas in the Shire Valley. The program has been designed to comply not only with national requirements, but also the World Bank Environmental and Social requirements as set out in 7 their Operational Policies (for Phase 1 works) and their Environmental and Social Framework (for Phase 2 works). The program is based around an agriculture project aiming at irrigating about 43,370 ha of lands in Chikwawa and Nsanje Districts, Malawi. It involves constructing: a water intake inside Majete Wildlife Reserve (MWR) at Kapichira reservoir; a fish barrier to prevent migration of Tiger Fish; three main canals for total length of about 133 km; secondary canals; and night storage, and it establishes command areas within which farmer co-operatives plan and develop commercial agricultural enterprises. The Project overall goal is to benefit local communities within the Shire Valley, which is a major positive impact given the dryness conditions that prevail in the area. Improving livelihood will lead to other indirect positive impacts: improved access to education and health, new opportunities for agribusiness, etc. Because the project relies on the natural resources of the Shire Valley, a key component of the project is to protect and enhance these natural resources. SVTP is being delivered in three phases, for which the main construction and agricultural activities are:  Phase 1: Construction of water intake, fish barrier,33.8km of main canal 1 (MC1), 18 km of main canal 2 (MC2) bifircation point, 10.7 km of main canal 3 (MC3), 52.6 km of associated secondary canals and other associated infrastructure, and establishing Command areas for 22,280 Ha of irrigation  Phase 2: Construction of 77.3km of main canal, associated secondary canals and other associated infrastructure, and establishing Command Areas for 21,090 ha of irrigated agricultural land  Phase 3: Scaling up of agricultural commercialization across the program and consolidation of SOCFEs In general terms, SVTP-I initiates the process on all pillars with a major focus on irrigation service provision to the SVTP-I area, land tenure, farmer organization and natural resource management as these precede any downstream development. It contains a sub-component of the SVTP called “Sub- component 2.2 Natural Resources Management” which is supported with GEF-6 funding and promotes an inter-sectoral approach to the management of the Lower Shire landscape by addressing biodiversity conservation, protecting and enhancing the role that forests, woodlands, rangelands and wetlands play in mitigating climate change; and promoting sustainable approaches to forest management that protect forest resources and deliver benefits to local communities. At landscape and park level, this sub- component: • Invests in community-level natural resource management in areas adjacent to the irrigation and conservation areas (Lengwe National Park, Mwabvi and Lengwe National Parks, Matandwe Forest Reserve and the Elephant Marsh proposed Community Conservation Area) and in wildlife corridors, • Provides targeted support to these conservation areas to strengthen conservation and community management and encourage private sector investments (e.g. by tourism concession 8 investors) that could boost revenues for re-investment in local community development and conservation management, • Invests in establishment of the Elephant Marsh Community Conservation Wetland Area, with a strong emphasis on community-based natural resources management strategies. The subsequent phases of SVTP will build on these measures, to support the transformation of the valley. A description of the activities to be undertaken as part of SVTP Phase 2 (to which this ESMP applies) is provided in Chapter 3. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the program was undertaken and disclosed in 2017. The ESIA studied all three phases of the program, based on a feasibility design for the entire project, to ensure that the cumulative impacts of the project were properly considered. The program- wide ESIA has been updated as part of the preparation for the Phase 2 works, and now reflects the impacts arising from Phase 1 works as well as the current understanding of the works to be undertaken as part of Phase 2 and Phase 3. The ESIA describes the environmental and social receptors and the potential direct, indirect and cumulative impacts that may arise from the project. It also describes the mitigation and enhancement measures to be delivered as part of the project, as far as they are known. Objective of this ESMP This ESMP focuses specifically on works to be undertaken during Phase 2 of SVTP, and details how the environmental and social impacts and risks associated with the project and specifically phase 2 will be managed. It provides the roles and responsibilities for ensuring delivery of the mitigation and enhancement measures described in the ESIA. Therefore, the ESMP has been developed to cover the environmental and social mitigation and enhancement measures specific to SVTP Phase 2, such as: a. The impacts on Lengwe National Park (LNP) which will arise from MC 2 (the Bangula Canal) in Phase 2; b. Environmental and social impacts from the southern boundary of LNP to Bangula; c. Construction of MC 3 (Supuni line) to Illovo including pipelines and associated in-field works; d. Development of irrigation blocks; and e. Monitoring the implementation of the ESMP Thus, ESMP proposes ways to ensure that measures are operational. It provides cost estimates, schedules and assigns responsibilities for each mitigation and monitoring measure. A major target of this ESMP is to ensure that the Detailed Design study integrates relevant mitigation measures from the outset into the civil engineering works. This will ensure that many measures will be a contractual requirement for delivery during the construction phase. 9 Natural Resource Management measures began as part of Phase 1 of the program will be continued and expanded through Phase 2. They are likely to involve small scale activities to benefit management of protected areas, such as the construction of ranger camps, boreholes, park roads, fences, fish ponds and improvements to existing park infrastructure, as well as the collection of baseline monitoring data and studies into changes that may be required with respect to waste management. This ESMP describes the approach to managing the environmental and social risks of these works. The ESMP also sets out how other key requirements described in the ESIA are be delivered including: • aligning, confining and undertaking work in Lengwe National Park (LNP) to minimize impacts on wildlife tourism in LNP; • compensation for impacts to property and land for Phase 2; • installation of sufficient troughs and cattle bridges along the main canals; • installation of measures to prevent drownings of people and animals; • treatment against schistosomiasis (Bilharzia), which is common disease in irrigation schemes; • appropriate wording and inclusion of all applicable mitigation measures in the call for tender (and terms of reference) and in the contract of the construction contractor including leverages such as nonpayment for non-compliances; • selection of a construction contractor with good reputation environmentally and socially proactive; and • inclusion of all applicable mitigation measures in the Scheme operator (Bulk Water Operator) call for tender (and terms of reference and contract). • Land tenure, as they will be dealt with in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) in line with the Land Acquisition Act of 2016 and ESS 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement. 10 Cost of the ESMP The ESMP has budgeted costs for the proposed mitigations for Phase 2 including infrastructures to be built. The following table provides a summary of these costs. Table 1: Summary of costs for the ESMP for SVTP-II (to be revised as the detailed design work is undertaken) Cost for mitigation / Cost for mitigation / compensation in Mitigation / Compensation compensation in USD Malawi Kwacha (1 USD = 715 Kwacha) 1,114,174.00 (best case 911,394,332 (best case scenario: 1 year loss of scenario: 1 year loss of business revenue) to business revenue) to 915,014,800 (worst 1,118,600.00 (worst case case scenario: 2 year scenario: 2 year loss of loss of business business revenue) revenue) Cost of Action Plan for health and safety (assumes 3 years of sensitization: to be 1,018,880 833,443,840 increased as part of SVTP-III) Cultural Heritage 194,050 158,732,900 Cost of Action Plan for socioeconomic impacts (including cattle bridge, 4,063,280 2,905,245,200 footpath and vehicle bridge) and cultural heritage Plan From 6,390,384.00 to From 5,227,112.00 to 6,394,810.00 5,230,954,580.00 Total cost** ** The cost excludes measures included in the detailed design (such as over and underpasses for wildlife, canal alignment and canal lining through Lengwe National Park, cattle troughs, and pedestrian bridges) and construction-related measures that will form part of the Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP). These will be part of the contract costs and will be reflected in the bill of quantities provided by bidders for undertaking the work. The costs for the Pest Management Plan (PMP) are provided in detail in the PMP. Although the Project leads to uncommon impacts, with commitments, funds and reliable mitigations, it could become an example for future irrigation schemes in sensitive areas. 11 2. RELATION BETWEEN THE ESMP AND OTHER STUDIES The ESMP has many links with other studies completed to date. These links can be distinguished in three different categories: • Relations with the Project technical studies (feasibility and design study); • Relations with other projects, including the Shire River Basin Management Program (SRBMP); and • Relations with other studies under the SVTP. The following table presents these relations. Table 2: Relations between studies SVTP Project technical studies Relation Shire Integrated Flood Risk Objective of the Plan was to assist the GoM in development of Management Strategy Project an Action Plan to address the flood risk situation in the Lower Shire in an integrated way, based on sound diagnostics and (Atkins, 2012) systems to assess and implement future interventions. The Action Plan aimed to address both the hazard (Water regime) and the vulnerability to these hazards (adaptation of human behavior). This life and livelihoods are better protected from flood risks and enhance the capability of socio economic development in the basin. This was done in harmony with Malawi growth and development strategies which emphasis sustainable growth and MDGs. The study helped inform the design of SVTP. Shire Valley Irrigation Project The GoM has for many years intended to develop irrigated Phase I Project Preparation agriculture in the Lower Shire Valley and a number of Activities. Appraisal Report successive studies and reports has been prepared, to help prepare for the SVTP project. (AfDB, October 2012) The report identified the need for additional activity: Study on water availability at Kapichira – pre-feasibility level study. This was undertaken under the SRBMP-1 (Norplan report 2013) Hydraulic model study at the Although the title of the study is hydraulic modeling, the main headpond of Kapichira dam objective of this study is to assess the impact of the Project on the reservoir sedimentation pattern. The study’s objectives are also to avoid negative impact on sediment flushing operations at the power station and to minimize the entry of sediment into the proposed feeder canal system of SVTP. 12 SVTP Project technical studies Relation Feasibility Study report The 2017 ESIA is based on the scheme described in the FS. (December 2016) The 2021 update of the ESIA is based on the latest detailed design for Phase 1 works (under construction) provides to the FS study the series of mitigations that need to be technically tested. These mitigations only relate to infrastructures or changes in the Project design that will be required to mitigate of avoid impacts. Preparation and Many elements on socioeconomics are dealt with in the implementation of a PCCPLTRPF. The ESIA make references to it. This assignment is Communications, Community divided in several studies: Participation, Land Tenure and • Communication strategy: Resettlement Policy This study describes the main stakeholders and presents a Framework (PCCPLTRPF) (on SWOT analysis. It also presents the communication strategy going) toward stakeholders. • Gender and Youth Strategy Study: This study describes the current challenges that women and young people face. This report also recommends a series of measures and guidelines aiming at these two groups. In addition, roles of various stakeholders and monitoring actions are defined. • Grievance redress mechanism: This study describes the current method for grievance redress (revolving around traditional leaders). This study also implements the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) to ensure that people’s opinions and grievances regarding the project are documented and addressed. In addition, monitoring of complaints will be carried out under this mechanism. • Resettlement Policy Framework This document provides the basis for the Resettlement Action Plan (regulatory review, gap analysis, etc.). It deals with impact of resettlement but also the issue of access to sources of livelihood and to impact on cultural heritage. The ESIA refers to this study, especially when it comes to the number of affected villages and the number of bridges that shall be built to cross canals (and footpaths for people). • Stakeholders’ views report This report presents the main conclusions from various stakeholder’s consultation. It discusses stakeholders’ views on several topics: land tenure, access to irrigated land, resettlement, agricultural development, access to water for livestock and gender vulnerability. 13 SVTP Project technical studies Relation • Socio-economic baseline report This report presents the main socio-economic figures of the SVTP area and discusses about health, land tenure, livestock, agriculture, etc. It also includes a chapter on communities’ views of the Project. Agricultural Development This study describes the crops of SVTP. Many elements related Planning Strategy (2016) to agriculture and fisheries are discussed in this report. It discusses about potential options for mitigating smallholder livestock farm impacts and potential impacts for fish farming, that have been considered during the preparation of this project and integrated as necessary into SVPT. In addition, this study describes efficient organization of producers that shall be implemented Pest Management Plan (2021) The PMP identifies the main pest based on the type of crops and proposes measures to fight pests. A Cultural Heritage Impact This report provides information on cultural heritage baseline Assessment Report (2016) conditions by identifying key sites of interest within the SVTP study area. The report has informed the ESIAs. Public-Private Partnership (PPP The PPP study informed the ESIA about public-private Feasibility study) (on going) partnership arrangements for irrigation services for SVTP. The ESIA also makes recommendations about arrangements and responsibilities of the Bulk Water Operator for maintenance and its relationship with park management (Lengwe). The ESIA also helps to identify environmental and social risks regarding the BWO Lengwe National Park, 5 years This document, written by DNPW, describes the reserve’s business plan 2016-2020 objectives and presents its zoning. It also describes the various infrastructures of the reserves. Lengwe National Park, General The 2017 ESIA refers to this document has it defines objectives Management Plan 2016-2020 for the LNP as well as identifies issues with wildlife and work document infrastructures of the park. Detailed Design Studies (after The 2017 ESIA proposed measures for study in the Design Study the FS) for Phase 1. for Phase 1. The Detailed Design works The updated 2021 ESIA describes the outcome of these design have not started yet for Phase studies for Phase 1 and by providing detail of what was 2 but is complete for Phase 1 constructed. It has also reviewed the current baseline works. conditions against the FS design for Phase 2, to update the assessment. 2017 Environmental and Social The 2017 ESIA studied the predicted impacts and effects of all Impact Assessment three phases of the proposed SVTP in preparation for Phase 1 works. It was disclosed in August 2017. 2017 Environmental and Social The 2017 Environmental and Social Management Plan set out Management Plan the management arrangements for delivering the mitigation measures to be delivered as part of Phase 1 works 14 SVTP Project technical studies Relation 2021 Update to ESIA An update of the ESIA in 2021 was undertaken to ensure that the current design was reflected for Phase 1 works, and to reflect any changes in baseline conditions that have occurred since 2017. The 2021 ESIA was prepared in advance of Phase 2 works. Lengwe National Park, General The 2021 update of the ESIA refers to this document has it Management Plan 2021-2026 defines updated management objectives for the LNP. Matandwe-Mwabvi Protected Details of Natural Resource Management measured to be Area Complex Integrated provided as part of SVTP will be information by the management Management Plan 2021 objectives set out in this plan. SRBMP studies Relation Component A – Shire Basin The recommendations of the ESIAs and ESMPs have taken into Planning account the studies undertaken as part of SRBMP, and those Sub-components: that were particularly relevant, for example by providing A1-Basin planning framework baseline information, information on cumulative impacts or A2-Institutional capacity A3- details of management interventions that will improve the Water resources information natural resources in the catchment. Most activities of the SRBMP systems A4-Program relate to catchment management and rehabilitation, as well as management the upgrading and future operation of the Kamuzu Barrage that monitoring & evaluation influences the Shire River’s flow, well upstream of the SVTP. Component B – Catchment Management Sub- components: B1-Catchment planning, monitoring and learning B2-Rehabilitation targeted catchments B3-Alternative rural livelihoods B4-Ecological management Component C – Water related infrastructure Sub-components: C1- Kamuzu Barrage C2-Flood management C3-New water investment Implementation Service This report deals with risk from floods, and has been considered Provider (ISP) for Flood Risk as part of the hydrological information included in SVTP. In some Management (SRBMP-1) sections, it presents measures to minimize flood impacts on human safety from: • Ruo River • Thangadzi East River • Mwanza River • Lalanje River 15 SRBMP studies Relation • Tombokamwa River Study on water availability for Prepared under SRBMP, the objective of the study was: Irrigation and hydropower a) To assess utilization levels of Shire River, suggest areas production on Shire River at for improvement so that reliable water is available for Kapichira Falls a number of purposes. (Norplan, 2013) b) To independently assess the water availability for hydropower and irrigation purposes at Kapichira falls. c) To recommend the best possible strategies for accommodating demands for irrigation and hydropower and explore possible trade-offs in use. The study gave priority to satisfy the demand for irrigation (SVTP) project to the demand of water for maximum energy production. The consequences of shortage of water has been calculated as loss of and value of energy production. The Elephant Marsh General The aim of this management plan is to ensure that the integrity Adaptive Management Plan of the Elephant Marsh is maintained and enhanced, together 2018-2022 (2017). with the natural functions that these wetlands perform and the benefits that they supply, including the sustainable utilization of Prepared under SRBMP-1 wetland resources, without undermining future adaptive capacity. The management plan has informed the measures undertaken as part of the Natural Resource Management components of SVTP. Shire River Basin Management The overall assessment of impact of SRBMP planned activities is Program (Phase I) Project dealt with in this report (except for the impact of Kamuzu Final Environmental and Social barrage). Assessment Report (July, 2013) Independent Environmental An ESIA was carried out under the Component C.1: upgrading of Impact Assessment for the the Kamuzu Barrage. The barrage is a key element that has many Upgraded Kamuzu Barrage interactions with SVTP as the current objective of the upgraded (December 2011) barrage is to raise the water level up to 40 cm in Lake Malawi. Climate resilient livelihoods This study addresses the following objectives (MRAG, 2016): and sustainable natural • Describe local livelihoods, including spatial and temporal resources management in the use of resources; Elephant Marsh, Malawi. Ministry of Water • Assess the past, present and potential future influence Development and Irrigation. of human livelihoods on the Elephant Marsh, and what Description of the livelihoods in effect these will have on the functional resilience of the the area of the Elephant Marsh Marsh in the future, and the implication for climate Report November 2016 change; • Identify the socio-economic impacts of livelihoods and how climate change might affect these livelihoods; 16 SRBMP studies Relation • Describe the risks to livelihoods (e.g. flooding or overfishing), and current strategies to increase resilience to these risks that will be exacerbated by climate change; and • Provide an assessment of the support mechanisms for community welfare in line with possible flood mitigation measures and disaster management strategies. Climate Resilient Livelihoods The hydromorphology study objectives are to: and Sustainable Natural • To establish the current status and recent trends of the Resource Management in the hydromorphology of the Elephant Marsh. Elephant Marsh, Malawi Hydromorphology study To establish a hydraulic model predicting flooding patterns in the Elephant Marshes since flow records began. • To evaluate historic land-use change (especially deforestation and agriculture) and its effect on sedimentation and siltation. • To map historic changes in the channel patterns in the marshes. Climate Resilient Livelihoods This study is a desktop study which: and Sustainable Natural • Describes the ecosystem services provided by the Resource Management in the Elephant Marsh in physical terms and provide desktop Elephant Marsh, Malawi. estimates of their economic and social value; SubStudy 3. Ecosystem • Draws comparisons with other wetlands in Africa of a Services of the Elephant similar nature; Marsh. • Discusses how capacity of the system to deliver these (December 2016). services responds to hydromorphology how this has changed over time; • Discusses the wetland’s sensitivity and adaptive capacity to multiple pressures, with a description of those pressures. Climate Resilient Livelihoods “This sub study forms part of a larger study on the Elephant and Sustainable Natural Marsh which also includes studies of the hydrodynamics, local Resource Management in the communities and ecosystem services, in order to inform a Elephant Marsh, Malawi management plan for the marshes and in order to prepare an SubStudy 4: Biodiversity of the application for Ramsar status as a wetland of international Elephant Marsh (2016) importance” (Anchor, 2016). This sub-study aimed at describing (through surveys), biodiversity of Elephant marsh. Specialized surveys and studies of several taxonomic groups were carried: plants, aquatic invertebrates, dragonflies, butterflies, reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds and mammals. 17 SRBMP studies Relation Climate Resilient Livelihoods This sub study explores the potential effects of alternative and Sustainable Natural future scenarios of flow and/or management on the ecological Resource Management in the condition of the Elephant Marsh. Elephant Marsh, Malawi Analysis of the potential effects of alternative future scenarios of flow and/or management on the ecological condition of the Elephant Marsh (Ecosystem Functional Model (DRIFT) 2016) 18 3. SVTP PHASE 2 PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION This chapter summarizes the works to be undertaken as part of SVTP-II. The irrigation scheme will involve the construction of a new main canal (connecting to SVTP-1) between the northern boundary of Lengwe National Park and Bangula. Secondary canals (which may be open or piped) will be constructed to take water from these to Command Areas, within which SOCFEs will be assisted in the establishment of commercial farm enterprises. Night storage facilities will be created at some locations, along with other canal infrastructure (such as bridges, culverts and siphons, maintenance road). An operator will be appointed to manage the main canal and secondary canal network. Construction of SVTP-II main canal is expected to start in 2022. The total cost of SVTP Phase 2, taking into account direct and indirect construction costs, is estimated at around 250 Million USD. Figure 1 shows the layout of SVTP-II in the context of the whole program. Within the command areas, SOCFEs will be provided with professional advice regarding the establishment of irrigated farm enterprises and their associated infrastructure (such as farm roads, wood lots, drip irrigation, storage). Recognising the importance of the water catchment, measures will also be taken to strengthen the management of the natural resources within the Lower Shire Valley. Further details of these works are provided below. 3.1 Canals There will be a Main Canal and Secondary Canals and Pipelines to convey water to the Command Areas, of which the stretch of the Bangula Canal from the northern border of Lengwe National Park to Bangula will be built in SVTP Phase 2. This will be approximately 77.3km long. The majority of main canal will be lined with concrete, although design options are being explored for a more ‘wildlife friendly’ lining for the first 14km stretch of the Bangula Canal as it passes through Lengwe National Park. Other measures to minimize fragmentation within Lengwe National Park are also to be explored during detailed design, including the locations for overpasses and underpasses for wildlife, and optimizing the alignment to minimise impacts to the thicket (an area of Critical Habitat). The following table sets out the characteristics of the Bangula Canal, based on the FS. Table 3: Main Bangula Canal Characteristics Average Total Velocity Right of Canal Water (m/sec) at Peak Bed Upper Way Side Slope Length Depth max. flow width width (RoW) of Canal (km) (m) capacity (m3/s) (m) (m) (m) Bangula Canal (also called Main canal 2) 1H/1.5V 77.8 1.8 1.50 29 8.1 13.5 30-45 19 In some area, open canal may be replaced by siphons (for example, when crossing large rivers). As presented in the ESIA, canal crossings of rivers could be (i) siphons; (ii) bridges; (iii) arches; or (iv) large box culverts with natural bottoms to ensure wildlife and fish movement. At least 2 siphons are planned for SVTP-II, although during detailed design, addition siphons may be included for example at Lengwe National Park and Nasawa School. Culverts are planned where topographic changes are high, but floods are small. Culverts are also planned to cross small-scale rivers and roads. The design will avoid channelization of rivers and no river training works are envisaged that would adversely affect natural habitats such as riverine forests or thickets. River training will be restricted to small, localized works at the points where the main canals cross rivers. Channelisation of watercourses will be avoided, but may be necessary within Command Areas for field drainage into the natural rivers and outfalls. Secondary canals will be constructed as needed to supply the Command areas, and the secondary canals are expected to end at night storage. The detailed design for these secondary canals will be undertaken in consultation with the SOCFEs, to optimize the connection points to the farms. Many of the secondary canals are expected to be piped rather than in open canal. Tertiary canals will be designed and implemented by SOCFEs, to meet their farm business needs. 3.2 Night Storage Night water storages will be built, although their locations are not yet known for Phase 2. Night storage will be sized according to the need of each Command Area, from 119m by 119m to 54m by 54m, and hold water to a depth of approximately 1.8m. The Night Storage will comprise earth bunds with puddled clay base, and will be fenced to enhance safety. 3.3 Command Areas Command areas have been identified and for SVTP Phase 2 consists of three zones: • Zone B: 9,925ha (total area, which is partly made of Illovo estate) • Zone C: 10,749ha (total area) • Zone D: 4,076ha (total area) The total area is 24,750ha of land. The command areas are currently under subsistence farming. Within each command area the area to be supplied with irrigation will cover 21,090ha (excluding the farm roads, set aside land, canal and irrigation infrastructure and farm buildings needed in the command areas). Some of this land will be set aside to conserve remnant natural habitats, as grazing land, woodlots, or for other purposes as presented in section 6.1. The irrigation and drainage system and farm roads in a unit parcel of land will be developed with advice from the agricultural advisors, and in accordance with the crops to be grown. Typically, farm roads inside the farmland have been planned to be spaced at every 1.5 km distance, will be marram or other 20 natural surface, and wide enough for the passage of farm vehicles necessary to tend to the agricultural land. Figure 1: Layout of SVTP 3.4 Operation of the Irrigation Scheme A tendering process for a Bulk Water Operator for all the main canals (including the parts built under SVTP-II) will be undertaken in 2022. The water is expected to start flowing inside the water intake at Kapichira Dam towards the end of year 2023 at the earliest, and the Bulk Water Operator will need to have established the working protocols prior to the opening of the project. 21 The canals will be gravity fed. The daily time for irrigation depends on the irrigation methods. For pivot irrigation system, irrigation time is 24 hours, a whole day. For furrow irrigation, water application is normally 12 hours, during the daytime. Therefore, Branch canals shall be used only for 12 hours based on furrow irrigation methods. The main canals are designed for 24-hour continuous supply, for the whole year. Therefore, there is an operating time gap between the main canals and the Branch canals. Night storages will allow storing water when water is not needed in Branch canals. The gates will be operated by an automatic control system. When the operator inputs the required amount of water into the system, the system will automatically operate the gates based on the relation between the flow rate, gate opening and water level variation. The 12 sluice gates are arranged in two partitions, the first one comprising 8 gates and the second one 4 gates. The second partition will allow abstraction of 18 m3/s, and will be operated when the water requirements at the scheme is less than 18 m3/s. The first partition will allow abstraction of up to 32 m 3/s and will be operated when the water requirements at the scheme are between 18 m 3/s and 32 m3/s. Both partitions will be operated for scheme water requirements above 32 m3/s to the maximum requirement of 50 m3/s (KRC, 2016). 3.5 Operation of the Farms Resource efficiency and safety considerations will be issues to be addressed as part of the operation of the farms. Measures to ensure the training, PPE and processes for the safe transport, storage, use and disposal of farm chemicals will be incorporated into the operational plans, in accordance with the principles established in the Pest Management Plan Farms will be established in the Command areas, which will be managed by a SOCFE. The SOCFEs will be provided with consultant support through a SOCFE Development Service Provider and through Agricultural Commercialization Technical Assistance to assist in the business planning and in the operational planning of the new enterprise. The business plans will help the SOCFEs identify the necessary farm investments to be implemented to ensure that the ESHS measures (including PMP) are integrated into the farming operation. In addition, SOCFEs will employ a Farm Manager to organize farm operations. The Terms of Reference for the Farm Manager will require the following while assisting the SOCFEs prepare their operation plans:  Integrate requirements of PMP into farm operations.  Establish health and safety procedures for farm workers to ensure farm operations do not present a risk to farmers or neighboring communities.  Formulate waste management procedures, including for the transport, storage and disposal of hazardous materials  Foster collaboration with other livestock and smallholder farmers with respect to use of crop residues, manure, and livestock feed and passage.  Once the full soil surveys are available, land that cannot be farmed shall be designated as grazing areas, woodlots, or other non-irrigated lands.  Water and energy resource efficiency measures. 22 3.6 Other Works 3.6.1 Natural Resources Enhancement measures The Lower Shire Valley includes ecological regions, protected areas, and biodiversity hotspots which are essential to the maintenance and functioning of the Lower Shire watershed. However, critical aspects of the watersheds are becoming degraded, leading to reduced water availability, deteriorating water quality, increasing vulnerability to droughts and floods, and reducing agricultural productivity. The planned project activities will strengthen the management and sustainability of key protected areas (Lengwe, Mwabvi), the Elephant Marsh (EM), and forest reserves (Matandwe, Thambani, and Thylo(TBC)), and will include the development of park trails/roads, ranger camps, eco-tourism facilities and cultural sites, fences, water holes, and utilities as appropriate to achieving the aims of the management plans for these protected areas. Additional information will be gathered from the valley in the form of wildlife and wetland inventories, and identification of invasive species to assist in managing these issues. Accompanying these proposed investments will be critical community livelihoods interventions in the areas around the protected areas to strengthen co-management and reduce direct threats to aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity, such as overfishing and habitat destruction. Importantly, SVTP-II will support strengthening the sustainable management of the Elephant Marsh, which provides a unique habitat sanctuary to birds and flora, through the implementation of its Community Conservation Area Management Plan (developed under SVTP-I) including through further promoting ecosystem-based fisheries management. 3.6.2 Waste Management Planning Key natural resources are under threat not only from overexploitation and habitat encroachment, but also from pollution control and solid waste management practices in the project area, for example from unregulated waste dumping and burning, including hazardous waste disposal. As the Lower Shire transforms and the generation of waste increases, there is a necessity to prepare the services for the communities and private enterprises to manage pollution and comply with environmental regulations. Studies will be conducted to determine mechanisms and strategies for management of the threats to biodiversity and ecological values posed by invasive species, increased generation of waste, and increased demand for natural resources that is expected to occur throughout the transformation of the valley. 3.6.3 OHS training programs According to ILO, the agricultural sector presents key challenges for safety and health of farmers and communities. Measures to safeguard community health, for example through providing the necessary infrastructure to identify and prepare for an increase in number of waterborne diseases will be included within SVTP-II. The transformation of the valley will lead to new health and safety risks within the Lower Shire Valley. In addition to increased health risks from diseases commonly associated with irrigated agriculture, there are safety risks associated with the use of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers and with the operation of new equipment and machinery. 23 The presence of the main canal through villages and rural land may prove attractive to the local communities, and measures to facilitate safe access to water have been designed into the project, such as cattle troughs, access stairs and escape ladders. In addition, a program of sensitization of the local communities and school children will be undertaken, to warn of the risks associated with the canal infrastructure. 24 4. STRUCTURE OF THE ESMP The 2021 update of the ESIA for SVTP describes in detail the mitigation, monitoring and institutional strengthening measures that are to be provided during Phase 2 to manage the environmental and social risks for the project. Chapter 5 of this ESMP describes the mechanism for delivering the mitigation measures that are to be implemented during the canal and associated infrastructure construction works. These include the measures to be integrated into the main construction contracts to ensure that: the works do not spread beyond the works boundary; sensitive environmental receptors are protected; and the health and safety of the workers and community is preserved. It also includes measures for the canal system operator, for the preparation of the command areas and for farm operations. The detail of some of mitigation measures will be developed as part of the design development to be undertaken during 2022 works. These measures will be incorporated into the final design for canal and associated infrastructure to be provided for construction and the mechanism for delivering this mitigation measures is provided in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 provides details of the approach for mitigating works on Lengwe National Park, including an optimized alignment of the canal through Lengwe National Park that minimizes impacts to the thicket, the surface of the canal, locations of overpasses and underpass, and the enhancement measures to facilitate long term management of the park. Chapter 8 presents the action plans for addressing Social Impacts, in addition to the measures incorporated into the design of the Works or into the Construction and Operator’s contracts. Chapter 9 describes the approach for managing the environmental and social risks of all the other works to be provided, including the provision of the Natural Resource Management Measures which are yet to be designed. It sets out the approach that will be taken to manage the environmental and social risks of these works and deliver the appropriate mitigation to ensure Malawian and World Bank requirements are provided. The approach to monitoring compliance with the ESMP is set out in Chapter 10, along with the monitoring indicators. 25 5. DELIVERING CONTRACTOR AND OPERATOR PERFORMANCE This section describes the approach to be taken to ensure civil works contractors are aware of the E&S Requirements, and that they are held to account for delivering to the E&S Requirements during the construction of the canal, associated infrastructure and the preparation of the command areas. It also sets out how the Operator of the canal infrastructure will ensure that continued operations comply with World Bank requirements and Malawi regulations. 5.1 Construction Contractor for Main Canal and Associated Infrastructure With respect to the Construction Contractor, the E&S Requirements comprise the measures set out in the contract, including the General Conditions of Contract, Particular Conditions of Contract, Technical Specification, Specific Specification, and Employers Requirements. The Employers Requirements include the Environmental and Social Specification, where the project specific and unique (i.e. additional to the measures included in the other parts of the contract) mitigation and monitoring measures are detailed. The relevant General Conditions of Contract are found in the Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer (“Red book”) Second edition 2017 published by the Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs – Conseils (FIDIC), and the relevant Particular Conditions of Contract are those taken from the World Bank’s Standard Procurement Document for Works, 2021. The Bidding Document includes the E&S Requirements and also sets out the information to be provided by Bidders for evaluation. This includes the Qualification Criteria to be met, and the information to demonstrate that they have the experience and understanding to comply with the E&S Requirements. The preparation of the Bidding Documents is informed by the program ESIA and any other relevant Environmental and Social documentation, as unique impacts and risks to the project require specific interventions. 5.1.1 Unique Risks to be Managed by the Contractor The following table provides a summary of the unique impacts identified in the ESIA to arise during the construction work of SVTP-II. These are the risks that need to be managed by the Contractors employed for construction works outside of Lengwe National Park, and the additional measures risks that need to be managed by the Contractor who will construct the works through Lengwe National Park. Risks that need to be managed as part of the design development are described in Chapter 6, and compensation arrangements for impacts to Lengwe National Park are described in Chapter 7. Summary of Impacts from ESIA Impact Significance General Construction risk and nuisances: communities, workers and the environment are at risk from construction activity (traffic, noise, forced labour, child labour, dust, OHS, security, HIV/communicable diseases such as COVID etc.) along canals and quarries Minor 26 Summary of Impacts from ESIA Impact Significance Impact 1 Impacts from crossing rivers including disturbance to fish migration to spawning sites: construction will necessitate crossing rivers and will involve construction of permanent culverts and bridges over water courses, as well as localized river training. These will affect the geomorphology of rivers and affect access of fish to spawning sites Moderate Impact 2 Impacts from pollution and damage: construction may result in pollution to rivers and land that will subsequently be used for producing crops for consumption. These may affect the water quality of rivers and present health hazards to farmers and consumers Negligible Impact 3 Impacts from earthwork and land leveling, and impacts from borrow pits, quarries and disposal sites: construction will necessitate excavation of earth and rocks for the canal and the command areas, which may present safety hazards to workers and the community Moderate Impact 4 Workers influx: the project will require important workforce consisting of workers from outside of the valley, including foreign workers. Land will also be required for machinery storage and workers’ camps, bringing workers in proximity to local communities. There is a risk that buildings and amenities in these camps do not respect quality standards and present a safety hazard to workers and the community Moderate Impact 5 Job opportunities: work will require unskilled and skilled labour for Minor construction (positive) Impact 6 Damage and loss of buildings and other infrastructures: construction activity could damage or destroy buildings and other infrastructures that according to the design should be retained Minor Impact 7 Loss of physical cultural heritage: the canal alignment route and borrow pits will affect some known and unknown cultural heritage sites (mainly pottery) Minor Impact 8 Disturbances of wildlife and vegetation in Lengwe National Park: work will generate noise and necessitate forest and thicket clearing in the right-of-way destroying some habitats and startling wildlife Moderate 5.1.2 Preparing the Bidding Document When preparing the Bidding Document, PMT environmental, social and procurement specialists will work together to ensure that all requirements are included. The Bidding Documents will include details of the Qualification Criteria to be applied, the Management Strategies and Implementation Plans that the Bidders will be required to submit for evaluation, and Key Personnel to be provided. 27 Qualification Criteria During the tender process, bidders will be required to demonstrate experience of constructing canal infrastructure safely and without polluting environmentally sensitive locations. With respect to the selection of the contractor for the works through Lengwe National Park, the bidders will also be required to demonstrate their experience of constructing infrastructure projects through protected areas without deleterious impacts to wildlife. Management Strategies and Implementation Plans Bidders will be required to submit Management Strategies and Implementation Plans that describe the exact methods that they will employ with respect to: 1. Safety of excavations 2. Keeping construction activity (including materials) within site boundaries 3. Avoiding pollution of land or watercourses 4. Worker facilities (canteen, rest areas, toilets and wash areas) and worker transport 5. Managing the influx of workers 6. Establishing Works camps and construction compounds No Management Strategy or Implementation Plan of more than 3 pages of A4 will be required of bidders (clarity and brevity is expected), but the arranges are expected to be adequately detailed to be implementable during works. They will be accompanied by diagrams, as necessary, to illustrate how these aspects of the works can be undertaken in accordance with the contract E&S Requirements. Environmental, Social and Health and Safety Key Personnel Bidders will be required to submit CVs for the key personnel who will be responsible for day to day management of the contractors’ environmental, social and health and safety program. The key personnel shall have the following qualifications and experience: Key Personnel Minimum Qualification Minimum Experience Environment Manager Degree in Environmental 7 years’ experience of managing Management or other Natural environmental aspects of linear Resources related topic infrastructure construction works. Familiarity with legal environmental requirements in Malawi and demonstrated experience of delivering best practice measures in countries of low capacity.. Health and Safety Manager NEBOSH General Certificate 7 years’ experience of managing health and safety during linear International qualifications from infrastructure construction IOSH works. Familiarity with legal health and safety requirements in Malawi and demonstrated 28 Member of professional body (for experience of delivering best example IOSH) practice safety measures in countries of low capacity. Social Specialist Degree in Sociology, Gender , 7 years’ experience of managing Development studies or a social programs during relevant degree of comparable construction works on behalf of relevance contractors. Familiarity with legal social, gender and youth Membership of relevant requirements in Malawi. professional body will be an advantage GBV Specialist Degree in Sociology, Gender, 7 years’ experience of managing Development studies, Security GBV actions and advocacy during studies or a relevant degree of construction works. Familiarity comparable relevance with legal social, gender and youth requirements in Malawi. Membership of relevant professional body will be an advantage For selecting the contractor to undertake works through Lengwe National Park, the key personnel will have the following qualifications and experience: Key Personnel Minimum Qualification Minimum Experience Environment Manager Degree in Environmental 10 years’ experience of managing Management or other Natural environmental aspects of linear Resources related topic infrastructure construction works. Familiarity with legal environmental requirements in Malawi and demonstrated experience of delivering best practice measures in countries of low capacity and within Protected Areas of rich biodiversity value, together with experience in infrastructure construction in sensitive environmental locations/conditions Health and Safety Manager NEBOSH General Certificate 7 years’ experience of managing health and safety during linear International qualifications from infrastructure construction IOSH works. Familiarity with legal health and safety requirements in 29 Member of professional body (for Malawi and demonstrated example IOSH) experience of delivering best practice safety measures in countries of low capacity. Social Specialist Degree in Sociology, Gender , 7 years’ experience of managing Development studies or a social programs during relevant degree of comparable construction works on behalf of relevance contractors. Familiarity with legal social, gender and youth Membership of relevant requirements in Malawi. professional body will be an advantage GBV Specialist Degree in Sociology, Gender, 7 years’ experience of managing Development studies, Security GBV actions and advocacy during studies or a relevant degree of construction works. Familiarity comparable relevance with legal social, gender and youth requirements in Malawi. Membership of relevant professional body will be an advantage 5.1.3 The Environmental and Social Specification In preparing the Environmental and Social Specification, the impacts and mitigation required in the ESIA (including that summarized above) will be considered, along with the generic mitigation measures contained in any Technical Specification of the contract, and the General and Particular Conditions of Contract, the World Bank ESF/Safeguards Interim Note: COVID-19 Considerations in Construction/Civil Works Projects to ensure there is no repetition, dilution or confusion caused between the parts of the E&S Requirements. The General Conditions of Contract and Particular Conditions of Contract are not repeated here, and only additional requirements to mitigate the unique impacts from the ESIA will form part of the Environmental and Social Specification and are set out here. The following table sets out the measures to be included within the Environment & Social Specification of the Bidding Documents, and any associated General or Particular Conditions of Contract. Table 4: Measures to be included in the Environmental and Social Specification Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC General Environmental and Social Performance Security 4.2 Commensurate with the High Environmental and Social Risks of the project, an Environmental and Social Performance Security of 30 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC 2% of the Contract Value shall be required. For the Contractor undertaking the works through Lengwe National Park, the Environmental and Social Performance Security shall be 3% of the Contract Value. General As required by GCC/PCC4.1, before the start of any construction 4.1 works, the Contractor will prepare and submit to the Supervising Engineer their Construction Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP). No works can start until the Supervising Engineer has confirmed that adequate protection measures are in place. The E&S Specification shall require the Contractor to prepare CESMPs for each Camp Site, disposal site, borrow pit, and quarry, as well as a CESMP that addresses the general construction works to be undertaken along the main canal. A separate CESMP will be prepared for the works to be undertaken within Lengwe National Park. As required by Malawian law, the Contractor shall be responsible for undertaking and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of ancillary features such as new quarries and borrow pits they may open. The CESMP and any required ESIAs will be prepared to the satisfaction of the Supervising Engineer, PMT, EAD and the World Bank. The contents of the CESMP shall include details of the methods, equipment, resources, approach and training that the contractor will take to protect environmental and social receptors. As a minimum the CESMP shall include: • Layout of camp sites, including annotations showing the protection measures to be provided • Fencing, guarding and protection of sites and working areas • Waste management: collection, storage and disposal • Wastewater management: collection, storage and disposal (disposal to watercourses will not be permitted) • Measures to prevent the pollution of land or water • Measures to control dust so it does not cause a nuisance to people and does not damage vegetation, including dust 31 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC arising from local roads as a result of their use by project vehicles • Measures to prevent noise or light pollution to local communities or wildlife • Measures to allow the collection of crops by farmers/landowners prior to landclearance by the Contractor • Measures to prevent nuisance from falling objects during transport • The measures within the CESMP will reflect the approved Management Strategies and Implementation Plans approved as part of the tendering process. Note the Contractor is responsible for ensuring that the proposed measures will achieve the requirements of the contract. For example, if nuisance to communities, damage or pollution to the environment or property arises in the opinion of PMT or Supervising Engineer, the Contractor will be responsible for revising and implementing the new protection measures to bring the works back into compliance. The Contractor is responsible for ensuring the CESMP remains uptodate with respect to revised measures, even if this requires review and update of the CESMP in accordance with PCC4.1. General Before the start of any construction works, the Contractor will 4.8 prepare and submit to the Supervising Engineer their Occupational Health and Safety Manual (OHSM) for undertaking the works. No works can start until the Supervising Engineer has confirmed that adequate protection measures are in place. In addition to the contents of the OHSM required by PCC4.8, the OHSM shall include: • Main hazards that are predicted because of the works, an assessment of the risks and the mitigation measures to be provided to manage these risks. The mitigation measures shall favour in the following order: elimination; 32 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC substitution; engineering controls; administrative controls; PPE. • Above the basic requirement of safety boots, high visibility clothing and hard hat, PPE shall only be accepted as a mitigation measure as a last resort. Where PPE is used, the standard and specification shall be set out in the OHSM, by reference to the ASTM, ANSI/ISEA or EN standard the PPE will meet • The measures to be taken to establish a good Safety Culture, including the management focus, attitude, commitment, and empowerment that will be provided • Measures for the safe movement of traffic (traffic management plan) to and from the Works, including measures to segregate vehicles from pedestrian movements, signage (including speed signs) and speed controls • Arrangements for the safe transportation of workers to and from the Works, including to and from local community centers, where workers are accommodated in local communities • Prohibition of the use of project vehicles or trucks to pick up and transport workers, unless that vehicle has been specifically tasked for the transport of workers, and is provided with seats and safety belts for all riders. • Prohibition of the use of project vehicles or trucks to pick up and transport anyone who is not an employee of the Project • Undertaking checks to ensure drivers of all vehicles have valid licences for driving that type of vehicle and are competent and adequately trained in driving that vehicle • Checks to ensure operators of heavy machinery have valid licences as required by law and are adequately trained and competent to operate the vehicles or machinery • All vehicles are maintained in accordance with manufacturers requirements and are in safe operating condition. Vehicles shall be fitted with flashing beacons and reversing alarms 33 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC • Ensuring all workers are properly informed of their rights and responsibilities related to OHS risks and management • The minimum contents of the worker induction to be provided to all workers, and the mechanism for recognizing that all workers have received an uptodate induction prior to entering the construction site. The general induction shall be repeated annually for all workers. • The mechanism for briefing workers on the safety aspects at the start of each works activity, and for providing additional training to workers exposed to specific types of OHS risks beyond basic construction. • Contractors’ proposals for monitoring health and safety performance during works, and for updating requirements should the performance fall short of contract requirements As part of the procedures to establish and maintain a safe working environment, the types and locations of the necessary safety equipment, tools, and materials shall be provided, together with the type of worker safety briefings to be provided, and the safety supervision arrangements that will be provided. The Contractors Environment, Social and Health and Safety Specialists shall meet (at a minimum monthly or more often as required) with the Supervising Engineers Environment, Social and Health and Safety Key Personnel, to discuss the current performance of the works and to undertake joint inspections of working areas. General Environmental protection measures to be provided by the 4.18 Contractor shall ensure that any discharges to the environment because of the works will be within the limits set out in WBG EHS Guidelines[1] or Malawian standards, whichever is the more stringent. There shall be no burning of wastes or wood/timber on site. [1] https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability- at-ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines 34 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC General An archaeological ‘watching brief’ shall be undertaken at the 4.23 Client’s direction during land clearance and top soil strip. The Contractor will provide plans in sufficient detail to show the areas to be cleared and stripped, and an accompanying program of the phasing of the works; these shall be provided three weeks prior to the start of clearance works. The Contractor shall work cooperatively with the archaeological specialists in planning the supervision of the clearance and topsoil strip, and provide reasonably assistance (such as access to welfare facilities, permission to ride on staff transport to work sites) to the specialists to facilitate their work. The Contractor’s relevant personnel, to include the Environment Specialist and Workers involved in clearance and soil stripping activities shall attend training provided by the archaeological specialists prior to commencing works. In the event of artifacts being discovered during the works, the Contractor shall abide by the immediate instructions given by the archaeological specialists, and this may involve install fencing (or other such protective equipment) and temporarily ceasing work in the immediate vicinity while the archaeological specialists undertake their investigations. The Contractor will only be permitted to restart works in the protected area, once the archaeological specialists have confirmed that their investigations are complete. General Suppliers (other than Sub-contractors) of construction materials 4.25 shall be subject to inspections by the Contractor prior to first use and at least every 6 months thereafter. The inspections shall check for forced labor, child labor and serious safety issues, and shall be provided to the Supervising Engineer as an annex to the Contractor’s monthly report for the month in which the inspection was undertaken. The Contractor shall provide a list of all suppliers of construction materials during each month. Impact 1 Temporary crossings of rivers shall be constrained to straight 4.18 stretches, and shall require the construction of a concrete ‘Irish crossing’ (see indicative design in Annex 4) to minimize damage to the banks and bed of the river. The concrete shall be removed upon completion of the works and the bed and banks of the river shall be restored to their former condition. 35 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC Photographs of the location of each crossing shall be taken prior to works and submitted to the Supervising Engineer along with the Contractor’s design for the Irish crossing. Upon completion of the works, the photographs shall be compared with the restored crossing points to facilitate the Supervising Engineers conformation of the adequacy of the restoration. Impact 2 Work in rivers and within 100m of rivers that are ephemeral shall 4.18 only be carried out during the dry season, when the rivers are dry. Work in rivers and within 100m of rivers that are perennial shall only be carried out after measures have been put in place to prevent earth and all other materials from falling into the rivers. These measures shall agreed as part of the CESMP and may include the use of silt fences. Refueling or maintenance of any vehicle, machine or equipment 4.18 shall not occur within 20m of a river. Refueling bowsers and maintenance crews shall carry drip trays, absorbent mats and spill kits and shall be trained in the use of these materials to prevent pollution to land or water while carrying out their duties. Concrete wash water shall collected in impervious tanks and 4.18 treated to ensure if does not change the pH or pollute land or water. With the agreement of the Supervising Engineer, upon exception concrete wash water from concrete pumps may be discharged to a part of the works site that will be affected by permanent works. All vehicles shall carry spill kits and first aid boxes. 4.18; 4.8 Impact 3 Areas of temporary landtake shall be restored upon completion 4.18 of the works at that site to its former condition. The restoration shall be undertaken progressively, as the construction works are completed. Excavated soils shall be segregated into top and subsoils, and topsoils shall be stored in mounds no more than 3m high for subsequent use in restoration or for provision to local communities upon their request. Soil cannot be sold by the contractor to surrounding communities. Stores of sub-soil shall be limited to those needed for the restoration of the works, and during restoration, the subsoils shall be laid below the topsoils (i.e. in the order in which they 36 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC were excavated) and no vehicles will be allowed to pass over the restored areas, once the top soil has been deposited and spread. The locations for the storage of sub-soils shall be agreed with the Supervising Engineer as part of the CESMP. Soils and excavated materials that are not used in restoration shall be disposed of at a disposal site to be agreed with the Supervising Engineer. shall not be left in mounds but shall be flattened at the end of construction and revegetated The locations of Borrow pits and Quarries shall be agreed with 4.8; 4.18 the Supervising Engineer and in consultation with local authorities and local communities. Careful consideration will be given to minimizing impacts to local communities as part of their selection, including from dust, noise, blasting and vehicle movements. Borrow pits and quarries opened as part of the Works shall be restored as soon as they are no longer needed by the contractor and restoration proposals for each shall be agreed with the Supervising Engineer to ensure safety. No steep slopes (slopes shall not be steeper than 1:2.5) or areas of deep (>1m) water shall be left. Impact 4 As set out in Section IV of the Standard Procurement Documents, Section IV – Code Bidders are required to confirm they will apply the provided of Conduct Code of Conduct. For SVTP-II the Code of Conduct shall be amended to include the requirements that: 4.25 • The contractor/developer shall have and enforce an alcohol and drug-free policy (in the work place and while driving vehicles and machinery). • Workers and visitors should not make any disrespectful gestures or use any swearing words to anyone either in the community, or along the access road. • No unlicensed person shall drive work vehicles. Drivers shall be tested prior to starting work on the project, and have a valid license. International workers shall be responsible to provide a translation into English of their driver license. • Drivers shall follow designated routes that have been approved by the Construction Company and Supervising Engineer 37 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC • Workers and visitors shall drive slowly when passing though villages that are very close to the access roadside or pedestrians walking along the side of the road. • Drivers and passengers shall watch out for wild or domestic animals or people crossing the access road. In case of collision with any domestic animal, full compensation shall be paid in consultation with the village headman. • It is forbidden for any construction worker to purchase bush meat, any animal parts, any living animals or any mineral (gold, stones). It is forbidden to fish, hunt or engage in trading activities in or outside the Project area. • Wildlife capture, plant collection, or free-roaming pets (which could conflict with wildlife) is forbidden. In addition, prior to the start of works that affects any village, PMT will introduce as a minimum the key staff members of the Contractor, including the Project Manager and Site Engineer, to the village headman to show his respect and present works and activities and to describe the safety risk. Induction training about sexual harassment shall be mandatory for all workers. During these induction trainings, the local law enforcement will be present to explain the national laws that make sexual harassment and gender-based violence a punishable offence. The project’s grievance redress mechanism shall be actively supported by the Contractor, to the satisfaction of the Supervising Engineer and PMT. The GRM allows the community to communicate with the construction contractor and project about their concerns and grievances, including regarding the behavior of workers. Contractors will provide a mailbox at the their camp sites to collect community grievances and provide a billboard close to the mail box so that communities can read answers from the contractor. The contractor shall attend meetings with village headmen and village community representatives as required, anticipated to be at the minimum once per month. The senior members of the Contractor team (including the Project Manager) will be expected to attend, as required. 38 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC Impact 5 Considering the high local impact of the Project in terms of land 6.1 and disruption of existing lifestyles, and further to the requirement of PCC6.1 the Contractor will be expected to preferentially recruit workers from the Lower Shire Valley, then from Malawi and then from other countries. The Contractor shall propose and agree the mechanisms by which it will advertise positions for Lower Shire Valley workers with the Supervising Engineer, within three months of contract effectiveness. There shall be no day employment of workers. In achieving the Contractor’s equal opportunity policy, the 6.25 Contractor shall target equity in the number of male and female workers employed. The Contractor shall report the numbers of staff, their gender, if 6.10 they have a disability, and the location from where they are from each month in their progress report. Impact 6 Before undertaking any blasting, the Contractor shall assess the 7.5/7.6 risk to communities and infrastructures by doing a ground- truthing survey of wells, houses, churches, buildings, etc. Ground-truthing shall involve local authorities, Supervising Engineer and the PMT, and will require the contractor to obtain photographs of the condition of buildings and property that may be affected before and after blasting. The method statement for blasting will be approved by the Supervising Engineer and will include the contractor’s arrangements for providing advance warning to the local population through radio, public posters, churches and local authorities, and their proposals for undertaking safety patrols immediate prior to blasting to ensure that all people are evacuated from the blast radius. Any damage that is caused to property will be repaired to the satisfaction of the Supervising Engineer within 3 months of the occurrence of the damage at the Contractor’s cost. Repairs will be to achieve the former condition. 39 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC Impact 7 The Contractor shall undertake checks for objects of 4.23 archaeological or cultural heritage interest during the works (and particularly during excavation works) and implement the Chance Finds Procedure included in the specification. The construction contractor must avoid construction-related impacts to known cultural resources such as graveyard, churches, etc. Impact 8 The Contractor shall note that special arrangements apply for 4.18 undertaking works within Lengwe National Park. The construction program through Lengwe National Park will be phased such that except for a haul road along the alignment and within the right of way of the canal, no open unfinished construction activity of longer than 1km will be worked at any one time. Although several stretches may be worked at the same time, for example to enable the construction of overpasses and underpasses, there shall be a gap of 1km between the areas of construction activity where only haul operations and vehicle movements between working areas will be permitted. Post construction soil rehabilitation, tree and shrub planting, and grass seeding shall be done progressively, as each working area is completed. The restoration proposals will be agreed for each section with DNPW, as part of a restoration plan prepared and submitted for approval within 3 months of the start of works in each section. The tree and shrub planting stock shall be collected from the DNPW tree and shrub nursery by the Contractor for planting. Only species of local provenance will be accepted as part of the restoration proposals for the national park. Workers shall be transported in buses from the entrance of the park to working areas. There shall be no walking between construction areas within Lengwe National Park. Welfare facilities shall be provided in association with the working areas. These shall comprise; rest areas; canteen/eating areas; hand washing facilities; latrines. Latrines shall not be pit latrines, but of the ‘portaloo’ type so that all materials are carrying in and taken out of the park, and nothing is left in the park. 40 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC Construction vehicles shall access the construction areas only along the alignment of the canal, and not use any of the existing roads within the Park (except where these also follow the alignment of the canal). All vehicles entering the park will be cleaned of all mud and earth, to prevent accidental transport of invasive species of plant The boundary of each construction area will be marked by temporary fencing such that it is clear where the boundaries of the working area are: no works shall occur outside of these boundaries and no materials will be stored or allowed to spill beyond these areas. No workers will be allowed to stray beyond these areas. The temporary fencing design and location shall be agreed with DNPW and the Supervising Engineer, and will be wildlife approved and electrified. Non-electric temporary fences suitable to prevent incursion by workers will be established around excavations. Temporary fencing shall also be used around stores of materials (including any hazardous materials and wastes) to prevent access and minimise the chances of the wastes dispersing into the park. No construction camps will be constructed within the National Park. No materials or equipment shall be left in the Park overnight, except that which are stored in locations on the site agreed with DNPW and approved by the Supervising Engineer. These locations will not be where the alignment passes through or close to ‘the thicket’. Materials or equipment left in the park shall be in a single location and surrounded by a fence that prevents wildlife access. No refueling of vehicles shall occur in the Park, except in designated refueling areas approved by the Engineer. Designated refueling areas shall be equipped to ensure no fuel contamination of ground, water or vegetation can occur, and to ensure the immediate and effective clean-up of any spills. No fuel bowsers shall be stored in the Park. 41 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC Irrespective of any indications on contract drawings, the Contractor shall demonstrate measures to reduce the footprint of temporary works to the minimum required; the Supervising Engineer will be required to agree that the footprint has been reduced to a practicable minimum. Temporary construction roads and tracks shall be limited to immediately adjacent site along the canal in the predefined footprint (10m) from the canal path, these roads and tracks shall be restored to their former condition upon completion of construction. All trees and shrubs in the Park shall be cut by hand prior to clearance, under the supervision of DNPW. Workers involved in the cutting of vegetation shall be trained to identify the presence of wildlife in any vegetation prior to cutting, to include the presence of nesting birds. Trees containing wildlife will not be cut, until an Environment Specialist has confirmed that the vegetation can be cut without impact. Vegetation clearance shall be limited to the permanent footprint of the canal, plus a 10m working width either site. Cleared vegetation shall be removed from the park, unless agreed otherwise with DNPW. This may require some vegetation, including tree wood, to be transported to Nyala Lodge. All fueled equipment, machinery and vehicles in the Park shall be accompanied by a skill kit comprising adequate clean up materials for any spills that may occur. Waste collection areas shall be provided at every works area, and shall be emptied daily. No fires shall be permitted in the park. Regular sensitization induction training will be provided to all workers engaged in construction activities in the National Park. The sensitization will explain the rules of working within the park, and reminds workers of the need to respect working boundaries (not to leave the worksites and stray into the Park) and wildlife within the park, as well as the health and safety requirements for undertaking their duties. No hunting of any sort 42 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC will be permitted by any staff in the park, and intentionally causing harm/injury to any animal or polluting any part of the park, as well as damaging any vegetation outside of the working area will be reported to the relevant authorities and result in dismissal from the contractor’s workforce. All workers will be provided with identification badges, which shall be shown to security prior to admission to the park. The identification badge shall indicate that the date on which the worker received the induction for working within the park. Any workers without a badge or who have not received the induction within the last 6 months will be forbidden to enter parks. Workers cannot spend the night in the Park. All workers shall be trained in the use of spill kits to clean up spills of fuels, oils, or other chemicals and hazardous materials. All workers shall be informed of the need to prevent spreading of litter in the Park. The Contractor shall develop and implement an incentivization scheme for workers to clean up spills and avoid waste deposition in the Park. All equipment, machinery and vehicles that enter the park shall be fitted with silencers and other noise minimizing devices as specified by the manufacturer. These devices shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturers requirements for the duration of the works. Blasting, piling or other noisy activities shall not occur on Weekends or on Public Holidays. Whenever blasting will be used, the best method must be used and arrived at in consultation with the Supervising Engineer. An example of such method is “precision rock blasting” in which cartridges are introduced in drill holes. This technic leads to minimal vibration, noises and flying debris. Blasting shall be restricted to between the hours of 11am and 2pm. Other noisy operations shall be restricted to between the hours of 9am and 5pm. Spraying vinasse (for example for dust suppression) will not be accepted within Lengwe National Park. 43 Measures to be included in Environmental and Social Specification Impacts Measures to include Relevant GCC/PCC The Works shall be completed within the timeframe allowed in the Contract; delays that are the result of the Contractor shall incur compensation payments to DNPW for the additional disturbance. All reserve infrastructure shall be assessed prior to machinery deployment. Ground-truthing site visit(s) with DNPW and the contractor shall be done to ensure that the contractor repairs any and all damages to roads, water boreholes, buildings, fences, etc. Pictures shall be taken to assist the ground-truthing visit. The main roads to LNP, campsites, quarry site and construction sites as well as the roads within LNP, shall be inspected prior to construction by DNPW, the contractor and Consultant to determine their baseline status and to inform any damages that are incurred during the construction process (e.g. caused by the great number of trucks that will use this road). 5.2 Supervising the Construction Contractor Performance The PMT will be responsible for appointing and Supervising the work of a Supervising Engineer during the Construction Works. 5.2.1 Supervising Engineer All contractual measures related to delivering the ESMP (including the implementation arrangements described in the CESMP and OHSM) shall be monitored on a day to day basis by the Supervising Engineer. The following requirements will therefore be included in the Supervising Engineers Bid Documents. The Supervising Engineer will be required to provide adequate numbers of environment, social and health and safety specialists to supervise the contractor’s compliance with the E&S Requirements. The Supervising Engineer will be required to provide full time environment, social and Health and Safety Specialists with the following qualifications and experience: Specialist Minimum Qualification Minimum Experience Environment Key Expert Degree in Environmental 5 years’ experience of Managementor other Natural implementing and 5 years’ Resources related topic experience of supervising environmental aspects of linear infrastructure construction 44 works. Familiarity with legal environmental requirements in Malawi and demonstrated experience of delivering best practice measures in countries of low capacity. Health and Safety Key Expert Degree in HS related field 5 years’ experience of managing and 5 year’s experience of NEBOSH General Certificate supervising health and safety during linear infrastructure Or International qualifications construction works. Familiarity from IOSH with legal health and safety Member of professional body (for requirements in Malawi and example IOSH) demonstrated experience of delivering best practice safety measures in countries of low capacity. Social Key Expert Degree in Sociology, Gender , 5 years’ experience of managing Development studies or a and 5 year’s experience relevant degree of comparable implementing social relevance safeguards. Familiarity with legal social, gender and youth Membership of relevant requirements in Malawi. professional body will be an advantage GBV Key Expert Degree in Sociology, Gender , 5 years’ experience of managing Development studies, Security and 5 year’s experience studies or a relevant degree of implementing GBV actions and comparable relevance advocacy. Membership of relevant professional body will be an advantage For supervising the works through Lengwe National Park, the Environment Key Expert will also require experience of supervising construction activity within sensitive ecological sites, including protected areas. These specialists will be supported by EHS Inspectors in adequate numbers to ensure that all work areas can be supervised. The Key Experts and EHS Inspectors will each be provided with a car and fuel, to ensure that they can undertake their duties. 45 In addition to the requirements of the Terms of Reference set out in the World Bank’s Standard Procurement Document for Consulting Services (Supervision) April 2021, the Key Experts will be required to review, approve and supervise the implementation of Method Statements/Safe Systems of Work, and provide advice and guidance to the contractor as necessary to ensure that best practice safety measures are implemented. The Supervising Engineer’s Environmental, Social and Health and Safety Key Personnel shall also be required to meet regularly (monthly or more often as necessary) with the Environment, Social and Health and Safety Specialists from the contractor regarding the performance of the works, and to undertake joint inspections of the works areas. The PMT Environment and Social Specialists will attend these meetings. When works take place within LNP, the DNPW shall also be part of these monthly meetings. Similar meetings shall be required for GBV Specialists, law enforcement agents and GBV Service Provider. Site visits by the Supervising Engineer will focus particularly on the following sites, although visits to the Contractor’s primary suppliers will be undertaken from time to time in addition: • Lengwe National Park; • Quarries and borrow pits; • Construction sites; • Contractor’s campsites The Supervising Engineer shall report to the MoAIWD (Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development) all environmental, social, and health and safety issues related to the construction contractor as part of their monthly progress report. Non-compliances with the E&S Requirements, should they be identified during the Supervision, shall be processed in accordance with the Contract, and reported as part of the monthly progress report. If not bought back into compliance, remedies shall be applied as set out in the Contract. Remedies shall include:  Withholding of payment from IPC of a sufficient amount to incentivize the contractor to comply (GCC/PCC14.6)  Removal of personnel who persist in behaviour detrimental to the environment or safety (GCC/PCC 6.9)  Instructing another to undertake the works at the Contractors Cost (GCC 7.6) 5.2.2 Regulatory Authorities At the request of PMT and in accordance with their statutory duties, the regulatory authorities will undertake inspections from time to time. This will include:  Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, who is empowered to ensure that regulation with respect to the Environment is being complied with, including the statutory ESIAs and ESMPs 46  Ministry of Labor who is empowered to ensure that labor and health and safety regulation is being properly applied. These agencies will not only inspect during the construction works, but shall also undertake inspections during the operation of the farms and canal infrastructure. The following figure summarizes monitoring of the construction contractor. Ministry of Labor Labour Inspectorate OHS Region Team Engineer’s Environmental; Health and Safety and Social Specialists Figure 2: Monitoring of Construction Contractor 5.2.3 Performance Indicators The number of non-compliances on contractual measures, including compliance with legal requirements, will be the main performance indicator for construction and operation. Measures described in the Contract will be used to develop a wide range of other proactive and reactive indicators for monthly progress monitoring; these measures are straightforward and do not leave room for much interpretation. 5.3 Compliance during Operation 5.3.1 Commercial Farms During the establishment of the Command areas, the SOCFEs will be provided with consultant support through a SOCFE Development Service Provider and through Agricultural Commercialization Technical Assistance. The consultant support will assist in the preparation of business plans that will help the SOCFEs identify the necessary farm investments to be implemented. The Terms of Reference for the 47 consultant support requires the consultant to ensure that business plans take into account the requirements of the PMP and the need to ensure good occupational and community health and safety practices. The business plan will be used by the SOCFEs during the application for financing for the works. An Investment Assessment Panel (which contains specialists appointed by PMT, including those with commercial, agronomic and irrigation experience) will review these against the Criteria contained in their Terms of Reference, including that the business plans have allowed for Pest Management Plan, Waste management and resource-use efficiency measures. In addition, SOCFEs will employ a Farm Manager to organize farm operations. The Terms of Reference for the Farm Manager will require the following while assisting the SOCFEs prepare their operation plans:  Integrate requirements of PMP into farm operations.  Establish health and safety procedures for farm workers to ensure farm operations do not present a risk to farmers or neighboring communities.  Formulate waste management procedures, including for the transport, storage and disposal of hazardous materials  Foster collaboration with other livestock and smallholder farmers with respect to use of crop residues, manure, and livestock feed and passage.  Once the full soil surveys are available, land that cannot be farmed shall be designated as grazing areas, woodlots, or other non-irrigated lands.  Water and energy resource efficiency measures. The PMT will provide guidance and training on the ESHS risks and issues that the consultant support should consider when identifying mitigation measures. PMT will undertake visits and reviews from time to time of farm enterprises to ensure the farm operation plans are established and implemented in accordance with this guidance. The PMT may advise on changes or updates on the operation plans to ensure that they are appropriate and effective. 5.3.2 Canal Infrastructure Operator As part of the tender documentation, the Canal operator will be required to develop within 6 months of award an Environmental Management System in line with ISO14001, a Health and Safety Management System in line with ISO45001, and a Social Responsibility Management System in line with ISO 26000. A risk assessment will be undertaken to inform the preparation of these management systems, during which environmental receptors and health and safety risks will be identified and measures introduced into management operations to ensure the safe operation of the canal infrastructure without damage to the environment or neighbouring properties. PMT will be responsible to ensuring that these systems are developed and implemented and have considered the operational mitigation requirements set out in the ESIA. 48 The contract with the Operator will reflect agreements reached with African Parks (regarding canal infrastructure that is within the Majete Wildlife Reserve) and DNPW (regarding canal infrastructure that is within Lengwe National Park) for access to and maintenance activities associated with the canal. In addition to operating and maintaining the canals, key responsibilities of the Operator will be to maintain the canal infrastructure and RoW, the pedestrian and cattle bridges across the canals, as well as the safety stairs. In Phase II, the operatorwill also be required to maintain the canal infrastructure within Lengwe National Park (including the structural integrity of the overpasses and underpass), and prior to doing so, seek DNPW prior approval of the works to ensure minimal disruption to wildlife and tourists. The canals shall remain part of the LNP and the right-of-way of the canal shall not be alienated from LNP. Access to the intake and canals for maintenance will be managed in accordance with DNPW access restrictions (and inspection to avoid poaching). This means that there shall not be any independent access gate to canal maintenance road inside LNP. Recognising the presence of dangerous animals within the Park that may be attracted to the canal, the Operator shall develop and agree an access protocol with DNPW such that staff are accompanied by rangers when working in the park. The costs of this will be born by the Operator. 49 6. INTEGRATING MITIGATION INTO THE DETAILED DESIGN This section describes the mitigation measures that will be integrated into the final design of the civil engineering works for the canals, associated infrastructure, including command areas. It considers aspects to form part of the canal infrastructure design for construction, as well as aspects related to the fine tuning of the command areas, for example to safeguard natural habitats and maintain other needed non-irrigated lands. The PMT Procurement Specialist is responsible to include these measures in the designer’s contract, and it is the responsibility of the PMT Engineer, Environment and Social Specialists to ensure that the final design meets the stated requirements. In order to ensure that the designer is fully aware of all requirements, the designer shall be required to prepare and submit for PMT’s approval an Environmental Design Management Procedure prior to starting works. The Environmental Design Management Procedure shall describe the designers review process, and the hold points during which design reviews will be undertaken. It will also tabulate all of the design related commitments from the ESIA and this ESMP, and indicate into which design drawings the commitments will be incorporated. The Designer shall have on their team an Environmental Specialist and an Health and Safety Specialist and these specialists shall be an integral part of the design team, briefing the designers on the requirements, assisting the designers as necessary and reviewing the designs to confirm that the commitments have been met and included in the final design. 6.1 Fine-Tuning the Command Areas to benefit the communities and the environment Under SVTP-II, the location of the command areas will be optimized in consultation with the local communities, as happened on SVTP-I as part of the design development process. During this process the non-irrigated buffer zone around the edges of the Lengwe National Park will be maintained to help prevent encroachment upon the park and to reduce human-wildlife conflicts. The command areas include all of the lands needed for the operation of the farm, and as such will also include Set-aside Lands that shall not be irrigated. These include (i) pre-identified areas comprising the remaining natural habitats (riverine forests, thickets, dambo wetlands, etc.), frequently flooded areas, soils unsuited for irrigation, cultural heritage sites, and a hundred-meter non-irrigated buffer zone around Lengwe National Park and (ii) woodlots, grazing lands, and other special-use areas that will be identified during the participatory land use planning process that will be part of irrigation block establishment. Avoiding the irrigation-related clearance of the very limited remaining areas of natural habitats (outside of protected areas) will comply with the Lender’s requirements, while enhancing environmental outcomes. This will be achieved with the assistance of the SOCFE Development Service Provider, Agricultural Commercialization Technical Advisor and the Farm Managers, who will haveclear TORs to consider ESHS issues. In addition the screening process described in Annex1 will apply. 50 The non-irrigated set-aside lands will also include areas that are needed as woodlots or grazing lands, to adequately meet the needs of nearby human populations and thus reduce encroachment pressures on protected areas to obtain fuelwood or construction materials, or to feed or provide a passage corridor for livestock. These non-irrigated set-aside areas will be spatially contiguous where feasible. The adjusted net irrigated area that SVTP is expected to achieve at full development excludes all these types of set-aside lands. Irrigation command areas can form vast, contiguous patches of land that can block access by herders to traditional grazing areas. It will therefore be important to designate livestock movement corridors so that herders can access grazing lands, including to the edges of the Elephant Marsh. This will not only reduce the risk of conflicts between farmers and livestock owners but also the risk of conflicts with people living in urban place (Nchalo, Ngabu, Bangula). At this stage, the specific location of designated livestock movement corridors (as a type of non-irrigated set-aside land) is not known, but the Detailed Design study shall take integrate this measure into fine-tunning of the Command areas. Setting aside land as an environmental and social mitigation measure will not necessarily imply that irrigated land will be lost, as the limiting factor is water not the available land. However, it will allow the Detailed Design study to fine-tune each command area, taking into account these sensitive areas and to study the possibility to expend the irrigated land in areas with lesser value. The Set-aside Lands Map on the following page shows the location of some of the lands within irrigation command areas that will be set aside and not irrigated. These lands include: • Valuable open woodlands cover about 720 ha of the command areas of Phases I and II (this figure does not consider small patches of woodland); these shall be set aside. • In Zone A, 34.5 ha of a marsh called Thanda Marsh and an unnamed grazing area of 29 ha shall be set-aside as well. • Among the estimated 4,000 ha of heavy vertisols , some 2,000 ha are well delineated in Zone C. These lands will be set aside if they are evaluated to be poorly suited for the expected irrigation practices. • About 430 ha of land are regularly flooded in Zone B along the Nkombedzi Wa Fodya River; this land shall also be set aside. • All riverbanks shall be protected in the entire command area with an additional buffer zone of 100 meters. 51 Table 5: Set-aside lands and their coordinates Land cover Command areas Aproximate area (ha) Coordinates at center point type A 161 16° 9'10.32"S 34°41'37.57"E A 181 16°10'45.27"S 34°42'47.87"E A 20.8 16° 9'52.92"S 34°45'43.90"E I1 67.7 16° 9'11.77"S 34°47'30.46"E Open I1 43.9 16° 8'28.80"S 34°48'12.87"E woodland B (Phase II) 88.8 16°20'3.82"S 34°48'44.36"E (including C (riparian forest) 16°24'56.49"S 34°53'11.25"E riparian 12.8 (Phase II) forest) D (contiguous to 16°34'1.72"S 35° 3'53.47"E 144 (this surface is the Nyasa private wildlife part of woodland beside reserve beside Nyasa that is affected Kaombe sugar estate) by the command area) (Phase II) Marshes and A (Thanda marsh) 34.5 16°11'18.37"S 34°43'33.83"E flood prone 16°17'15.91"S 34°51'34.33"E B (flood prone area) 429 area Heavy C (Phase II) 1477 16°29'25.71"S 35° 0'5.69"E vertisols C (Phase II) 672 16°26'52.11"S 34°57'39.14"E Grazing area A 27.8 16°11'16.46"S 34°46'7.11"E 141.8 + 100 meter Rivers Everywhere buffer zone on both banks 6.2 River Training Work The design of river crossings will take into account the mobility of the river, to avoid having rivers shifting and no longer flowing through culverts or crossings. Therefore, design of the river crossings may require installing gabions or riprap on riverbanks to train the river towards the crossing. To minimize damage to the terrestrial and aquatic natural habitats associated with the area’s seasonal rivers (which flow into the Shire during the wet season), the designer will ensure that river training works are only provided where essential, for example for the shortest possible lengths at the canal crossings or where it is required to protect existing infrastructure. They shall not be used to make frequently flooded lands irrigable. Wherever possible, crossings of rivers will not occur where the river meanders, but where it is flowing in a straight line. When fine tuning the command area in the Design phase, it is recommended to avoid developing irrigated fields too close to any river and to take into account river mobility. SVTP irrigation development will avoid all areas that are in the 1 in 10 year floods of rivers and will not stabilize sharp 52 meanders with gabions and riprap. These important aspects shall be taken into account to safeguard rivers from being channelized and to protect croplands from frequent flooding. In particular, modification of Nkombedzi Wa Fodya (a river that marks the limit of LNP) should be avoided. This river already causes floods at LNP (flooding of offices and lodges), so any channelization upstream of LNP would likely exacerbate the damage to LNP facilities. 6.3 Buffer Zones around Lengwe National Park and Encroachment This ESMP requires that SVTP irrigated fields can not be located within 100 meters LNP or the Nkombedzi Wa Fodya. Zone A and B shall be designed to leave a non-irrigated buffer zone between the park and the scheme at least 100 meters wide. 6.4 Crossing Structures at Tributary Rivers It is important to design culverts that allow for hydraulic transparency and fish movement. As presented in the ESIA, canal crossings of seasonal rivers should be super-sized to enable wildlife passage and minimize any risk of flooding of the main canals. The Q100 (potential 100-year flood) shall be taken into account to select the dimension of culverts and other river crossings during the Detailed Design study. The estimates of the frequency peak flows for the sub-basins of right-bank tributaries intersecting the SVTP canals are given in the table below (calculations based on the flood frequency relationship established by Mkhandi & Kachroo, 1998). Based on these data, culverts and under passages have to be carefully designed. Table 6: Peak flow of right bank Shire tributaries Catchment Peak flow(m³/s) Area at Tributary rivers SVTP Canal name Q2 Q10 Q20 Q50 Q100 (km²) Mwanza 1621 112 304 377 467 535 Nkombedzi Wa 418 62 168 209 259 297 Fodya Namitalala 65 28 75 93 116 132 Phwadzi 219 47 127 158 196 224 Namikalango 140 39 105 130 161 184 Nyakamba 78 30 81 101 125 143 Mikombo 47 24 65 81 100 114 Mafume 61 27 73 90 112 128 Lalanje 77 30 81 100 124 142 53 Figure 3: Set Aside Lands 54 6.5 Anti-Drowning Infrastructure The detail design shall be reviewed by a safety specialist on the design team, to ensure that safety has been considered and appropriate measures to minimise risks to the workforce of the canal operator and the farms, and to minimise risks to the community. A key risk is the risk of drowning. Large concrete stairs shall be included in the design for construction at each village crossed by a Main Canal (Feeder and Bangula). The primary purpose of these stairs would be to allow people to access water without undue risk. These stairs shall be large enough so that people can use them to fetch for water and clean their clothes (about 10 meters wide). An estimate, based on density of villages around main canals, is that a minimum of 30 stairways will be needed for Phase 2 (15 on the western bank and 15 on the eastern bank). Stairs shall not be designed so that they occur on opposite side of a canal at the same location, since this could be interpreted as an invitation to cross the canal (especially at times of low flow), and may increase safety and health risks to the local communities. Stairs should only be built at the village level, to maintain a certain level of control over the use of canal. To reduce the likelihood of drowning, fixed ‘ladders’ that will allow people to climb out of the canal shall be designed for installation every 500m on each side of the canal. The ‘ladders’ shall be alternated (so they are not opposite each other) along the full length of the open sections of main canal. Fixed ladders shall be installed in night storages. Since iron ladders may be stolen, alternatives to iron should be considered during the Detailed Design study, such as materials embedded in the concrete lining. Care shall be taken to ensure the design does not lead to pools of stagnant water. Night storages shall be fenced, to minimise the chance of access by people or animals. Fencing shall also be incorporated into the design wherever the safety specialist has identified an unacceptable level of risk, for example if the canal passes close to play areas of schools. 6.5 Canal Crossings and Cattle Troughs The Detailed Design study shall incorporate the following types of human and animal passageways across the Main Canals: • Super-sizing box culverts (Q100) so that they also allow for the passage of cattle and wildlife under the canal, for most of the year. • Road bridges where required to maintain continuity of routes; the estimated number is 10 tarred roads and 57 gravel roads for SVTP, of which 9 tarred and 33 gravel roads are within Phase 2. These shall be dimensioned commensurate with the existing roads and include parapets as necessary to maintain safe passage. • Pedestrian bridges across the main canals (and branch canals) as needed to maintain continuity of official footpaths. It is estimated that 17 footbridges shall be provided for SVTP, of which 9 will be in Phase 2. 55 • Cattle bridges shall be incorporated into the design for every km of the main canals. SVTP will require 133 cattle bridges, 45 will be in Phase 1 and 88 in Phase 2. Cattle bridges shall be sufficiently wide to allow the passage of two cows, and have high parapets to prevent cattle from jumping into the canal. • Cattle troughs shall be included in the design, such that there is one cattle trough at each village location. For Phase 1, 10 cattle troughs (5 on each side) are estimated and for Phase 2, 30 cattle troughs (15 on each side of the main canal) are estimated. Cattle troughs shall be lined with concrete (with a geomembrane to limit seepage) and shall be 5m in diameter and have a depth of 0.5m. The edges of the troughs shall be sloped to assist access. 6.6 Specific Measures for Lengwe National Park Recognising the impact of the canal on Lengwe National Park, the detailed design for the 13km of canal alignment through the Park will be given special attention by the Designer’s team. The Design will adopt unique and special characteristics as necessary to meet address the key impacts described in the table below and ensure the impact of the canal on the national park is minimized. Mitigation Measures for Lengwe National Park to be incorporated into the Design for Construction Key impacts (as described in ESIA) Significance Impact 1 Loss of Critical Habitat and fragmentation: Major The canal could impact the thicket, which is critical habitat. The canal could also bisect the park, cutting off the water rich eastern from the dry western part of LNP. The wildlife in the western part of LNP will need access to water and measures must be put in place to address water shortage. Impact 2 Drowning hazard for wildlife: open canals represent a Major drowning hazard for wildlife Canal Alignment The alignment of the canal through Lengwe National Park will be optimized to avoid (minimize) the loss of thicket habitat. In order not to preclude any alignment options in Lengwe National Park, the end point for Phase 1 has been carefully selected. The canal shall remain part of the LNP and the right-of-way of the canal shall not be alienated from LNP. Canal Lining and cross section Canal construction and operation will fragment wildlife habitat in Lengwe National Park, and form a barrier for the movement of species. The sides of the canal will therefore be of a gentle gradient (maximum gradient will be 1:2.5) and either earth lined or lined with ‘armourflex’ style concrete lining, whereby animals will be able to gain traction on the banks. 56 Overpasses and Underpasses To minimise fragmentation, dry crossings shall be provided across the canal. A minimum of 6 crossings will be provided. Overpasses shall be suitable for all types of wildlife (including elephants) to pass across the canal without entering the water and comprise shrub/savannah habitat. These may be combined with road crossings and are expected to be in the order of 50m wide. Underpasses may be combined with river crossings, but they shall be oversized and incorporate habitat that will remain dry, even when the river is flowing. Approximate locations for the overpasses and underpasses are shown on figure gg. Figure 4: Map showing proposed crossing points in Lengwe National Park Other Measures In addition, other measures to be integrated into the design development to minimise the impact of the canal infrastructure on the Park, including:  provision of a minimum of 10 waterholes (solar panel operated or fed by water from the canal) on the western side of the canal and one wetland on the eastern side  habitat enhancement measures in parts of the park that are currently of sub-optimal value for wildlife, as agreed with DNPW  fencing of the boundary of the Park, including at the canal entrances to the park to prevent access from outside of the park along the route of the canal, as agreed with DNPW  improving existing and providing new facilities such as camps, roads, etc. for rangers and scouts, to assist in the patrolling and security of the Park. Three new ranger camps (each with 6 duplex buildings) are to be provided. The measures are to be developed with DNPW. 57 A key aim of SVTP will be to assist Lengwe National Park address some of the issues that are affecting the wildlife use of the park, including availability of water, poaching, human encroachment, and lack of infrastructure. Therefore the other measures to be taken forward will be aligned with the management objectives for the park (as described in Lengwe National Park – General Management Plan 2021- 2025 prepared as part of SVTP-I). 6.6.1 Biodiversity Management Plan The measures incorporated into the design, as well as the measures incorporated into the construction contracts will be fully described within a Biodiversity Management Plan for Lengwe National Park. This will be prepared by PMT during 2022 and submitted to World Bank for no objection prior to the start of construction activity through Lengwe National Park. The Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) will be prepared prior to preparing the tender for the Contractor for working through Lengwe National Park, and this BMP will include details of the mitigation and compensation measures to be provided by the project. As a minimum, the measures to be described in the report will include:  details of a tree survey of the final alignment together with proposals for the sensitive removal of the trees, ensuring the valve of the timber is retained for management activities in the National Park  details of the vegetation and habitat types that will be affected by the canal  a monitoring program for wildlife in the park  details of how the route alignment has been optimized to avoid and minimize impacts to the thicket  details of the overpasses and underpasses provided, including how their suitable for wildlife to pass across the canal without entering the water has been ensured  details of the slope angle and canal lining that has been adopted through Lengwe National Park and why this is optimal for the wildlife in the park  the number and location of waterholes, together with their design  the location and design of the wetland  restoration details for the temporarily used parts of the Park  details of the habitat enhancement measures to be undertaken in other parts of the park, to improve their value for wildlife  the design for the fencing of the canal where it enters and exits the Park, and how this will prevent access from outside of the park along the route of the canal  the location and details of the facilities (camps, water, roads etc.) for rangers and scouts that are to be provided. 6.7 Permanent Loss of Buildings and Community Infrastructure As mentioned in the Resettlement Policy Framework, a number of locations where impact of the canal can be reduced considerably without any additional construction work was identified during Phase 1. Changes to the design were proposed to avoid village areas and graveyards as much as possible. The result of the proposed changes was a reduction of affected villages from 19 to 6 and affected houses 58 from 121 to 26 in Phase 1. As part of the detailed design development for Phase 2, a similar optimization study will be undertaken and built into the Environmental Design Management Procedure. The RAP will describe how any remaining impacts to infrastructure will be compensated, once the detailed design is finalized. 6.8 Avoidance of Cultural Heritage Sites and Features of Archaeological Interest A number of methods may be implemented to avoid direct impacts to a cultural resource, but avoidance of important sites is generally the preferred option. If a site cannot be avoided then steps will need to be designed to reduce direct impacts. Depending on the context, avoidance, relocation, intentional site burial or data recovery may be most appropriate solutions. Avoidance is one of the primary methods to mitigate direct impacts to important cultural resources. In the case of this Project, avoidance of impacts can often be most easily accomplished by adjusting or rerouting the project activity, if possible, to outside of the boundaries of the cultural heritage resource. For instance, all sacred sites as well as cemeteries that have been identified have been classified as ‘High priority sites and have been avoided (see ESIA and PCCPLTRPF). Intentionally burying sites under protective cover can also be an effective protection technique. Depending upon types of artifacts present, existing soil characteristics ( e.g., pH characteristics and intensification of wet-dry cycles) burial can often provide protection from the compression effects of heavy equipment. Looting potential is also reduced. When a site is buried, soils used to cover the site should be free of artifacts. Occasionally a soil with a distinctive color ( e.g., sand) is placed over the site and then the major fill. This permits future removal of the fill if needed, and a method to distinguish, at least for a period of time, the fill soils from the natural surface. Prior to burial, diagnostic artifacts are often collected from the surface of the site. Other types of artifacts may be collected if the site is to be permanently buried. Covering a property with surface features is generally not appropriate. During the design development, the Designer will be required to take note of the features of cultural heritage and archaeological importance identified in the ESIA, and wherever possible design the works to avoid the features of high priority. Where these are not possible to avoid, the Designer, in consultation with the MDOA and the local community, will propose the most effective course of action, for example, investigation and excavation in advance of construction or surveillance by specialists during construction activity. The appropriate course of action will comply with defined national or local cultural heritage regulations and protected area management plans (where these exist). Key considerations prior to proposing removal of features of cultural heritage or archaeological importance are:  how the material should be handled;  who should be involved or present during the relocation processes;  what, if any, ceremonies should be performed and who should perform these;  where should the features be relocated to; and  how they should be managed in their new location. 59 The Designer shall ensure that this information is provided timely to enable the proposed course of action to be taken, in advance of construction activity. 60 7. COMPENSATION FOR LENGWE NATIONAL PARK The project is anticipated to have impacts that are either economic or that can only be mitigated by actions taken by DNPW. As such these mitigation measures should be addressed through providing compensatory payments to DNPW for undertaking these tasks. This section describes the compensation funds that will be provided to DNPW directly, and the tasks that DNPW will undertake using those funds. All mitigation measures in LNP were arrived at in consultation between DNPW, PMT and World Bank mission. Costs are based on a two-year construction period. If the work takes longer, some adjustment will be needed. The main risk for DNPW would come from delays in work completion, as some mitigations are time related (especially the loss of business revenues). Any delays past the foreseen schedule may not have been budgeted in the compensation package. It is therefore important that sufficient fund be provided in case of delays. Compensation Plan for Lengwe National Park This compensation plan concerns activities that do not relate to the construction contractor or detailed design Reminder of impacts (from ESIA) Significance Impact 1 Impact on tourism and revenue generation: construction Low activities in LNP will have deleterious impacts on tourism. The construction works will cut off access routes by tourists and game, a development that may lead to reduction in revenue generation from LNP by DNPW Impact 2 Increase in wildlife illegalities Major The opening of the canal along the 14 km stretch in LNP will avail poachers and illegal loggers an open access into the park and sites where game cross Impact 3 Security of construction workers: Major with the canal passing through LNP, security measures for construction workers will have to be constituted so that wildlife do not pose risk to workers’ life 61 Compensation Plan for Lengwe National Park This compensation plan concerns activities that do not relate to the construction contractor or design solutions Compensation 1 SVTP shall pay DNPW for losses in income that is attributable to project impacts. Between 2016 and 2020, LNP registered the highest income of US$2,574.00 in the year 2017 and the lowest was in the year 2020 when US$685.00 was realized. The low figure in 2020 was attributed to prevalence of COVID-19. As compensation the DNPW will receive US$2,574.00 in annual compensation being the highest annual revenue amount realized in the previous five years. Communication and advertisement: funds shall be provided to produce pamphlets or online advertisements prior to work and after work is over to present the work and to re-attract tourists after work (distribution of vouchers, etc.). This fund shall be around US$70,000 and will be determined in the Resettlement Action Plan DNPW approximate cost The total cost will depend on the impact on the reserve’s gross revenue and ($US) on the upcoming Resettlement Action Plan for Phase II DNPW will receive the fund to carry out certain measures in order to ensure Responsibilities quality standards are attained. Schedule Prior to work The Resettlement Action Plan for Phase II shall include all economic impacts at LNP (based on this compensation plan), and PMT will develop a Monitoring monitoring for these impacts Performance A suggested performance indicator is the gross revenue of LNP and the Nyala indicator(s) Lodge concession, during and after work. Responsibilities for The Resettlement Action Plan for Phase II shall determine the responsibilities monitoring for monitoring The Resettlement Action Plan for Phase II shall determine the outcome, Outcome, frequency and disclosure. The disclosure will be conducted following the frequency and Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) developed in line with ESS 10: disclosure Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure 62 Compensation Plan for Lengwe National Park This compensation plan concerns activities that do not relate to the construction contractor or design solutions Compensation 2 DNPW attendance during clearance and construction works: DNPW will guide the clearance of vegetation from the alignment, identifying which trees and shrubs are to be retained where on site. They will also need to provide increased surveillance due to the presence of workers in the Park, and the potential for access for others along the alignment. Monitoring of Wildlife: DNPW will monitor populations of wildlife present in Lengwe before, during and after construction is required to understand the use of the park by wildlife and inform the management measures to bring the Park back into condition. Provision of native trees and shrubs for habitat restoration and replanting : As part of the restoration of affected parts of the site and as part of the habitat enhancement measures to be undertaken, native trees and shrubs of local provenance will be required. DNPW will collect seed and grow these to ensure that adequate numbers of the right species are available for the restoration planting and aftercare. The plants will be made available to the Contractor for planting. Assuming an area of 84ha for woodland restoration and enhancement at a tree density of 1 tree per 100 M2 (this equates to 144 trees per hectare), 12,009 trees must survive the restoration plan. SVTP will support restoration and enhancement of 60 ha of thickets (mainly Pterocarpus antunesii), at 1 shrub per 5meters (484 shrubs per ha) which totals 29,040 shrubs (square planting). Cost of growing trees and shrubs for restoration planting: • Borehole for watering the nursery at US$15,000.00 • Nursery structure and fencing at US$3,000.00 • Tubes and seed at US$20,000.00 • Staffing for 2 years for 2 officers at (US$200/person/month) US$9,600 Support during clearance and cutting of wood at US$150,000 (including DNPW transportation) As part of wildlife monitoring, SVTP will support DNPW to monitor the long term trends in wildlife population in the Park. • both before, during and after the construction at US$50,000 per DNPW aerial survey translating to US$150,000.00 for three years of approximate cost monitoring; collars costs US$15,000; radio and radio transmitting (US$) equipment US$30,000 63 • A fulltime Biodiversity Expert to monitor, about US$15,000 per year, and collars would need to be fitted at least 6 months before the start, during construction, and at least 6 months at post construction. A total of 3 years of monitoring is therefore necessary (US$45,000 for the biologist) The total is US$438,000 (if construction is longer cost will be amended in collaboration with DNPW appropriately) DNPW will receive the fund to carry out the measures in order to ensure Responsibilities quality standards are attained Before (collecting seed and growing on trees and shrubs; monitoring) during construction (clearance attendance; growing on of trees and shrubs; biodiversity monitoring; habitat enhancement works; restoration planting) Schedule and into operation (monitoring; restoration planting) This ESMP and Biodiversity Management Plan shall include all economic and biodiversity impacts at LNP, and develop a monitoring plan for these Monitoring impacts by DNPW and consultant Performance A suggested performance indicator is the area rehabilitated / restored and indicator(s) survival rate of the planted trees. Responsibilities for The ESMP and BMP for LNP shall determine the responsibilities for monitoring monitoring Outcome, frequency and The ESMP and BMP for LNP shall include all economic and biodiversity disclosure impacts at LNP, and develop a monitoring for these impacts 64 Compensation Plan for Lengwe National Park This compensation plan concerns activities that do not relate to the construction contractor or design solutions Compensation 3 Strengthened security and patrols during construction: DNPW shall keep permanent law enforcement personnel to increase patrol and law enforcement effort during construction phase, to protect workers. DNPW shall also training session for workers (induction training) along the canal alignment that may act entry point for poachers. • Salary for 18 rangers at US$243,000.00 • 3 patrol vehicles at US$240,000.00 • Rangers houses at US$1,260,000 Approximate cost ($US) Cost to increase the DNPW capacity of existing water points Responsibilities DNPW will receive the fund to carry out these measures to ensure quality standards are attained. The PMT will backstop the supervision of construction of the duplex structures. Prior to construction works commencing on the main alignment, but following Schedule the detailed design completion Monitoring of activity during construction is important in order to determine Monitoring and prevent adverse impacts to wildlife. The summary of compensation is presented in the table 7. 65 Table 7: Summary of costs for compensation for LNP Cost for mitigation / Cost for mitigation / compensation in Mitigation / Compensation compensation in USD Malawi Kwacha (1 USD = 715 Kwacha) 1,114,174.00 (best case 911,394,332 (best case scenario: 1 year loss of scenario: 1 year loss of business revenue) to business revenue) to 915,014,800 (worst 1,118,600.00 (worst case case scenario: 2 year scenario: 2 year loss of loss of business business revenue) revenue) Cost of Action Plan for health and safety (assumes 3 years of sensitization: to be 1,118,880 915,243,840 increased as part of SVTP-III) Cultural Heritage 194,050 158,732,900 Cost of Action Plan for socioeconomic impacts (including cattle bridge, 4,063,280 2,905,245,200 footpath and vehicle bridge) and cultural heritage Plan From From 6,490,384.00 to 5,309,394,112.00 to 6,494,810.00 5,312,754,580.00 66 8. OTHER MEASURES This section details impacts that do not relate to the construction contractor or operator of the scheme. The social impacts that relate to resettlement and will be dealt with in the Resettlement Action Plan, although livelihood activities impacted by access to protected areas are addressed separately in the Project’s process framework document; other social impacts are included here or in Chapter 9. 8.1 Natural Resources Management Component A number of small-scale activities will be undertaken to deliver improvements to the natural resources in Elephant Marsh RAMSAR site, Lengwe National Park, Mwabvi Wildife and Matandwe Forest Reserves. These activities may include improving roads for security and tourist use, providing fencing, providing habitat improvements, creating fishponds or providing fish processing machinery. These works are not expected to result in detrimental impacts to the sites that they are improving, and a screening process will be followed as described in Annex 1 using the screening form in Annex 2 prior to undertaking these works, to ensure that all environmental and social risks are identified. If necessary, as dictated by the screening form, an ESIA or an ESMP will be prepared prior to undertaking the works, to comply with Malawian legal requirements and to ensure the works can be carried out in accordance with the World Bank Requirements, and as necessary appropriate mitigation measures and controls incorporated into the construction contracts. Waste Management Planning Waste management: The project area has poorly developed pollution and solid waste management with unregulated waste dumping and burning, including hazardous waste disposal. Studies will be conducted to determine strategies for controlling the increased generation of waste that are expected to occur throughout the transformation of the valley. The TORs to be developed for the Waste Planning exercise to be undertaken during the first two years of SVTP-II that will ensure that the study will lead to solutions that can be implemented in compliance with the World Bank ESF. The TORs will be prepared by the PMT for no objection of World Bank. OHS Training ILO reports that the sector with the greatest number of accidents (fatal and otherwise) is agriculture. The project will increase awareness and provide access to information about safe agricultural practices, for use by farmers in the Shire Valley. Similarly a program of sensitization of the community to the irrigation infrastructure with respect to health and safety will be developed and implemented during SVTP-II. The OHS training will be informed by the World Bank requirements. Although the Project mitigation and compensation package cannot solve all health problems that exist in the study area, many of which will not worsen due to the project. In fact, many health measures require the intervention of stakeholders that are not necessarily related to the Project and would require commitments from the Government. In the framework of the Project and this ESMP, attention is paid to schistosomiasis (bilharzia) as this disease is directly related to irrigation schemes and its prevalence could increase due to the Project. Attention is also placed on the increased prevalence of pesticides and 67 other farm chemicals as part of the commercialization of the valley, and their use by farmers within and outside commercial operations. Action plan for Worker and Community health and safety Reminder of impacts on H&S (as presented in ESIA) Significance Schistosomiasis. An increase of schistosomiasis in the command Impact 1 area is expected Moderate Drownings & agricultural safety. The presence of main canals may lead to drownings. Agriculture is a high risk sector for Impact 2 safety. Major OHS: Communities, especially children, get attracted to Impact 3 construction sites where exposure to accidents can occur. Sexual Exploitation Abuse and Harassment (SEAH)and Gender Based Violence (GBV): The influx of people into communities close to construction sites may give rise to SEAH as economic disparities expose vulnerable groups. GBV cases may increase owing to extra-marital affairs, drug and alcohol abuse that may Impact 4 arise. Communicable diseases.: Increase in number of people coming into communities in the vicinity of construction sites may lead to an increase in communicable diseases such as sexual transmitted Impact 5 diseases (STIs) Labour influx: Construction works offer opportunities for job seekers. The competition that arises between residents and incoming job seekers may bring animosity between the two groups. Cultural conflicts may also arise owing to coming in of Impact 6 people from different cultural backgrounds. COVID-19: Increasing population and arrival of people from across the country and the globe increase the risk of spreading COVID-19. This is comp0unded by inadequacies in the capacity of Impact 7 health systems to manage COVID-19 68 Mitigation 1 (community health): In order to fight schistosomiasis, several measures must be implemented at time of Project implementation: • Sensitization and health education by the health sector shall be repeated frequently during many years to obtain the beginning of a result. Sensitization for the use of latrines for defecation or at least, defecation away from houses, paths, water pools could bring improvement. • Treatment of patients by oral praziquantel: systematic mass treatments by praziquantel must be repeated yearly and expended to all people. • Microscopic diagnosis to confirm the cause of the symptoms for urinal and intestinal schistosomiasis shall be strongly reinforced from current situation. • Sensitization at school and village level (it shall focus on other topics of this Action Plan as well):  Health and safety regarding work and the presence of machinery  The use of canal (regarding schistosomiasis)  The risk from drowning in canal  Posters on these three topics shall be made and distributed to school teachers and at health clinics, radio advertisement shall be made These measures are continuous through SVTP I and II and continue into the operational phase of the program Approximate The cost of a single 600-mg tablet is about 0.08 USD and an average treatment is cost ($US) estimated to be between 0.20–0.30 USD (WHO, 2016). For a projected population of 677,933 Chikwawa district for the year 2027, the total cost per year is between US$135,587 and US$203,380. The Government can apply to obtain free praziquantel through the WHO. Similarly, for a projected population of 347,403 for Nsanje district for the year 2027, an estimate of between US$70,000.00 and US$105,000 shall apply Cost of microscopes The cost to purchase 14 microscopes for Chikwawa district will come to : US$7,000.00; whereas for Nsanje 7 microscopes will be required at a cost of US$3,500.00 Sensitization shall involve 2 local health specialists full time for 5 months per district: US$10,000 Capacity building for health specialists to use up to date detection method for both Bilharzias (schistosomiasis) (Ministry of Health): US$20,000 The cost for production and printing of posters and radio advertisement shall be around US$10,000 Responsibilities Health specialists (Ministry of Health). This will require continuous capacity building in order to learn how to detect intestinal schistosomiasis 69 The Project shall request local health workers to carry out a vast sensitization program in the Phase I area on canal and associated risk from schistosomiasis Production and printing of posters and radio advertisement can be delegated to a local publishing company (Blantyre) Schedule Prior to construction for sensitization Treatment for praziquantel shall be an ongoing activity that must start during operation of the scheme Monitoring Monitoring of schistosomiasis shall focus on both urinal and intestinal schistosomiasis. Monitoring would necessitate additional microscopes. The purchase of equipment shall be done in consultation with local health clinics Monitoring shall be done using a constant sample of all ages in the population to compare the evolution of both infections Performance The evolution of number of infections is the performance indicator indicator(s) Responsibilities for monitoring Health specialists (Ministry of Health) Outcome, Monitoring of schistosomiasis shall be reported in a yearly report by health frequency and workers (as part of their normal work) (during scheme operation) disclosure 70 Mitigation 2: Community Safety & Health: Sensitization at primary schools will be carried out to inform children about the danger of canals. They will also carry out sensitization within local communities directly along the route of the main canals. Worker Safety & Health: training and materials for farm workers on safe working practices will be prepared, and disseminate this within the community These measures are in addition to the measures integrated into the design of the canal as part of the safe design. They are also in addition to the measures incorporated into the Construction Contract to ensure safe construction. Approximate Cost of preparing and delivering school awareness sessions over a 5 year period cost ($US) at 2 sensitizations per month: USD25,000 Cost of developing materials and sensitizing local communities over a 5year period, based on 2 sensitisations per month: USD25,000 Cost of developing materials (pamphlets, posters etc), including the annual review and update of these materials, and the copying and dissemination USD100,000 Total: US$100,000 Responsibilities PMT will oversee the preparation of the materials and co-ordinate the program of sensitisations and information release Schedule The information and design of the sensitization courses shall occur prior to the completing of construction, and the first dissemination of sensitization shall commence prior to the first filling of the canal. Monitoring PMT will oversee the program for the delivery of the sensitisations and preparation of the materials Performance The number of people that have drowned in the canal and number of indicator(s) treatments for Bilharzia, and the evolution of agricultural accidents Responsibilities PMT will collect data from Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor and from the for monitoring Police department, starting prior to the Outcome, Whenever an accident occurs, the accident report shall be disclosed to MoAIWD frequency and and other relevant institutions disclosure Mitigation 3: Orient communities on OHS measures that reduce risks to drowning, construction and traffic accidents and risks associated with pesticides 71 These measures are in addition to the measures integrated into the design of the canal as part of the safe design and those spelt out in the ESCP. They are also in addition to the measures incorporated into the Construction Contract to ensure safe construction. The measures are meant to minimise risks of pesticide exposure and exposure of communities to construction sites, proximity to construction materials, and risks of water in the canal when the SVTP becomes operational. Approximate Cost of preparing and delivering community awareness sessions over a 5 year cost ($US) period or2 sensitizations per year at $25,000 per year: USD125,000 Cost of developing materials and sensitizing local communities over a 5 year period, based on 2 sensitisations per year at US$25000 per year: USD125,000 . Total: US$250,000.00 Responsibilities PMT and the Directorate of OHS in the Ministry of Labour conduct of community awareness, preparation of the materials and co-ordinate the program of sensitisations and information release Schedule The information and design of the sensitization activities shall occur prior to the commencement of and during construction, and the first dissemination of sensitization shall commence prior to the first filling of the canal. Monitoring PMT will oversee the program for the delivery of the sensitisations and preparation of the materials Performance The number of people that have been oriented to OHS; Number of OHS cases indicator(s) reported and how they have been resolved. Responsibilities PMT will collect data from the Supervising Engineer, Ministry of Labor and the for monitoring Police department, starting prior to the construction phase Outcome, Whenever an accident occurs, the accident report shall be disclosed to MoAIWD frequency and and other relevant institutions through the SE in monthly reports from the SE disclosure and quarterly reports produced by the PMT for MoAIWD and bi-annual reports produced bt the PMT to the World Bank. Mitigation 4: Community Safety & Health Cases of SEAH and GBV will be reported to the GBV champions in the communities. The cases will be reported to the nearest police or at the one-stop centre at the distrct hopsital for redress. : Sensitization at community forum, primary schools and district consultative meetings will be carried out to inform parents, and children about the potential of occurrence of SEAH and GBV cases, prevention, reporting and management. These measures are in addition to the measures integrated into the design of the canal as part of the safe design. They are also in addition to the measures incorporated into the Construction Contract to ensure safe construction. Approximate Cost of preparing and delivering community, district and school awareness cost ($US) sessions over a 5 year period at US$7500 / year for 2 sensitizations per year: USD75,000 72 Support to GBV champions for 5 years at US$7500 / year for 2 sensitizations per year: USD75,000 Total : US$150,000.00 Responsibilities PMT will oversee the preparation of the materials and co-ordinate the program of sensitisations and information release Schedule The information and design of the sensitization courses shall occur prior to the completing of construction, and the first dissemination of sensitization shall commence prior to the first filling of the canal. Monitoring PMT will oversee the program for the delivery of the sensitisations and preparation of the materials Performance The number of people that have drowned in the canal and number of indicator(s) treatments for Bilharzia, and the evolution of agricultural accidents Responsibilities PMT will collect data from Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor and from the for monitoring Police department, starting prior to the Outcome, Whenever an accident occurs, the accident report shall be disclosed to MoAIWD frequency and and other relevant institutions disclosure Mitigation 5: Communicable diseases Community Safety & Health: Sensitization community fora on the risk of contracting communicable diseases such as STIs. Worker Safety & Health: SVTP will orient workers on risks of communicabel diseases and safe sex. Promotion on use of abstinence, need to report to health centres, and use of condoms will be carried out as part of the orientation. These measures are in addition to the measures integrated into the design of the canal as part of the safe design. They are also in addition to the measures incorporated into the Construction Contract to ensure safe construction. Approximate Cost of sensitising communities over a 5 year period at US$5000 per activity for cost ($US) 2 sensitizations per year: USD50,000 Cost of orienting construction workers on communicable diseases over a 5 year period, based on US$5000 per activity for 2 sensitisations per year: USD50,000 Total: US$100,000.00 Responsibilities PMT will oversee the preparation of the materials and co-ordinate the program of sensitisations and information release Schedule The information and design of the sensitization and orientation of communities and construction workers on communicable diseases will commence prior to construction works and during disclosure sessions. 73 Monitoring PMT will oversee the program for the delivery of the sensitisations and preparation of the materials Performance The number of reported cases of communicable diseases and number of people indicator(s) that complete treatment for communicable diseases . Responsibilities PMT will collect data from Ministry of Health (health centres), and contractor on for monitoring reported acses of communicable diseases and number of completed treatment cases. Outcome, Reports on infection rate of communicable diseases and treatment shall be frequency and disclosed to MoAIWD and other relevant institutions disclosure Mitigation 6: SEAH / COVID-19 Community Safety & Health: Sensitization at community fora and district level will be conducted on the need to mainstream COVID-19 prevention measures at community level including those that secure work with the contractor. Worker Safety & Health: Workers will, apart from making an undertaking in the Code of conduct, be required to comply with COVID-19 prevention measures. These will include respect for social distance, wearing of face masks and encouragement to accept vaccines. These measures are in addition to the measures incorporated into the Construction Contract to ensure safe construction including contractor’s Code of Conduct and advice of the Ministry of Health. Approximate Cost of preparing and delivering community awareness sessions over a 5 year cost ($US) period at US$5000/activity for 2 sensitizations per year: USD50,000 Cost of delivering awareness including prevtion materials over a 5 year period, based on 2 sensitisations per year at US$5000 / activity: USD50,000 Total : USD100,000 Responsibilities PMT will oversee the preparation of the materials and co-ordinate the program of sensitisations and information release Schedule The information and design of the sensitization sessions shall occur prior to the completing of construction, and the first dissemination of sensitization shall commence prior to thecontractor mobilisation. Monitoring PMT will oversee the program for the delivery of the sensitisations Performance The number of people that have sensititised segregated by gender at community indicator(s) and contractor levels. Responsibilities PMT will collect data from Ministry of Health for monitoring 74 Outcome, Areport shall be produced twice a year and be submitted to MOAIWD frequency and disclosure Table 8: Summary of costs for Health and Safety Actions SUMMARY OF MITIGATION ACTIONS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY No Description Unit Unit Cost Quantity Cost Schistosomia sis 1 Treatment costs in Chikwawa US$ / Year 203,380.00 1 203,380.00 Treatment costs in US$ Nsanje /microscope 105,000.00 1 105,000.00 Provision of microscopes 2 US$ Chikwawa /microscope 500.00 14 7,000.00 US$ Nsanje /microscope 500.00 7 3,500.00 Community US$ per 3 Sensitisation manmonth 5,000.00 10 50,000.00 Capacity building of health specialists lump 20,000.00 1 20,000.00 Cost of preparing and 4 delivering school awareness US$ / sessions session 2,500.00 6 15,000.00 Cost of developing US$ / materials and session 2,500.00 6 15,000.00 75 sensitizing local communities Cost of developing materials (pamphlets, posters etc) lump 100,000.00 1 100,000.00 OHS Training US$ / year 50,000.00 5 250,000.00 GBV Interventions US$ / year 30,000.00 5 150,000.00 Communicable diseases US$ / year 20,000.00 5 100,000.00 COVID Interventions US$ / year 20,000.00 5 100,000.00 Total Health and Safety 1,118,880.00 8.2 Engaging with Law Enforcement To minimize the risk of sexual harassment and gender based violence due to the influx of male workers in the Project area, PMT will request the regular presence of the local law enforcement in the vicinity of construction works. The local law enforcement’s presence shall send a strong message to workers, for example who will engage in sexual harassment and poaching. The presence of local law enforcement will also help avoid the creation of shantytowns from people attracted to the site to find work. Local law enforcement will be made aware of the risk and shall be requested to answer any complaints about illegal settlement and collaborate with traditional authorities on a regular basis to rapidly take action. 8.3 Managing a period of Rapid Social Change There is a risk that people do not change their lifestyle and develop skills rapidly enough to adapt to the new irrigated environment. The current CCPLTRPF assignment aims at collecting people’s grievances and communicating about the Project. The Social Engagement Plan provides a tool to ensure social acceptability of the Project and compliance to ESS 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure. 76 8.4 Fish Ponds and alternative income Declines in fisheries (whether attributable to SVTP or simply to overfishing) could be compensated by creating fish farms using native species. Factors to consider for fish farming are presented in the “Agricultural Development Planning Strategy” study (PWC, 2016). In particular, the initiatives that commenced under Phase 1 with respect to improving the sustainability of fisheries within Elephant Marsh shall be continued in Phase 2, and potentially scaled up as new communities form Community Conservation Areas. These initiatives will consider how to reduce human-wildlife conflict in and around Elephant Marsh. 8.5 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Detailed work was undertaken during the preparation of the ESIA to identify locations of cultural heritage importance and are areas of potential buried archaeology. Surveys of the areas to be affected either by canal infrastructure or the creation of the command areas were undertaken (as described in the ESIA) following which salvage archaeology was undertaken within Phase 1 area to rescue and safeguard high priority artifacts prior to the start of construction. The reason for that is that Malawi’s national heritage legislation requires rescue excavations of sites at risk of destruction from development. In addition, a chance finds procedure was implemented during the construction works in Phase 1. This approach will be continued for Phase 2, under the same management arrangements and using the same providers for the Archaeological rescue works 8.5.1 Rescue Archaeological Investigations in Phase 2 Archaeological sites that will be impacted negatively by the Project’s activities in Phase 2 and that indicate high scientific value for study and analysis will also undergo excavations before any land transformation activities commence. This program will be facilitated by PMT, who will engage the Department of Antiquities to undertake the works. The MDoA under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture is responsible for issuing of permits to conduct archaeological excavations in Malawi, and PMT will liaise with MDoA to obtain the necessary permit prior to commencement of the rescue. Locations for Archaeological Rescue Excavations The presumption is to preserve known areas of interest insitu, without disturbing them. However, sites that are categorized in the ESIA as being of high priority will undergo controlled archaeological rescue excavations, where they occur in areas that will be affected by construction activity. Based on the FS canal alignment and command areas, and the site prioritization classification described in the ESIA, the sites listed in Table 6 would be expected to undergo rescue excavations before Project launch. However, only once the detailed design is complete will the investigations be undertaken, to ensure that only those features on the actual Canal alignment routes and affected by the actual localization of command areas will be rescued. Table 9: High Priority sites that may be affected in Phase 2 High Impacted by Coordinates & Priority Data the location Sites Project 77 698155 E Yes Decorated pottery. Elevated open air site behind PAPa James’ concession; dense 8212354 N (Situated in CK46 surface scatters of archaeological material Zone I 1, irrigation Mwanza River zone) 687513 E Yes (45 m Decorated pottery, stone artefacts, daga remains (house remains). Flat open 8222782 N west of CK55 current air site in cultivated field with dense surface scatters of archaeological material Zone I 1 Nthumbe River Canal RoW) 688002 E Yes (55 m east Decorated pottery, daga remains (house remains). Elevated open air site with 8214624 N of current CK62 Canal RoW) dense surface scatters of archaeological material Zone A Mologeni Village 688010 E Unclear (ca. Decorated pottery, daga remains (house remains). Elevated open air site 8214841 N 125 m west of CK64 with associated termite mound; dense surface scatters of archaeological Zone A current Canal material Mologeni Village RoW) 680679 E Unclear (at Pottery well embedded in the soil (primary context). Flat open air site behind 8205290 N the edge of CK76 modern household; dense scatters of archaeological material Zone A irrigation area) Ndakwera Village Pottery well embedded in the soil (primary context). Flat open air site in 680669 E Unclear (25 m between modern households; dense scatters of archaeological material 8205162 N west of CK77 Zone A irrigation area) Ndakwera Village The archaeological sites listed in Table 6 are considered as high priority for controlled archaeological excavations as they exhibit dense scatters of surface material as well as decorated pottery that is well embedded in the soil. Investigating these sites will hopefully yield an undisturbed stratigraphic sequence for purposes of site reconstruction and dating. Excavating High Priority Sites High priority sites will be excavated by hand, using trowels, hand mattocks, shovels, etc. by natural and/or arbitrary levels. All soil will be screened with sieves. During the course of the excavations, artifacts such as pottery, chipped stone, and slag will be collected for processing. If present, bone, shell, charcoal (for radiocarbon dating), and other organic materials will also be collected. Soil samples may be collected for later processing for extraction of datable carbon or to assist in the identification of various stratigraphic levels. Complete and accurate notes of field procedures and results will be maintained and excavations documented with photographic maps, profiles, and plan drawings. Laboratory Processing and Curation Laboratory analysis is an interpretive step in an archaeological investigation. While on-site evaluation collects data, laboratory processing and analysis summarizes these data and allows meaningful statements regarding the site. Laboratory processing will include washing, sorting, cataloging, and tabulation of collected materials. These may be considered preliminary steps to analysis. All artifacts and copies of all site forms, notes, reports, photographs, and maps generated from the identification, management, and analysis of cultural properties will remain the property of Malawi and will be deposited at MDoA. Some artifacts could also be displayed at the Tisunge! Lower Shire Heritage Centre at the entrance of LNP. 78 Specialized Analysis of Collected Artifacts If feasible in Malawi, collected artifacts could be further analysed using various techniques ranging from visual analysis by specialists to specialized dating techniques (e.g., C-14 analysis) (at specialized facilities). A major emphasis of analysis is the dating of sites. Dating techniques may include: • Analysis of diagnostic artifacts, such as ceramics, and chipped and ground tools • Radiocarbon dating, and • Analysis of geological strata. • Another emphasis would be the faunal analysis of bone material, pollen and/or soil analysis Rescue Archaeology Report Preparation Report preparation and scientific analyses will conform to current internationally accepted practices. Publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference papers on the results of the studies are a positive way in which the Project can meet its obligations regarding transmitting heritage information to the wider public. 8.5.2 Archaeological Monitoring, Contractor Awareness Training and Chance Finds Procedure In areas affected by works in Phase 2, the initial clearance and top-soil strip shall be supervised, and a Chance Finds Procedure shall be required. To ensure this is effective, the Contractor’s workers will be trained to know what to look for. Archaeological Monitoring of Land Transformation Activities Recognizing archaeological features poses a great challenge to the untrained eye, a professional team from MDoA will be engaged to carry out an initial one to two months period of archaeological supervision and monitoring when works start at Phase 2. This team will also provide training and awareness to Contractor personnel, and particularly the Contractor’s Environment Specialist who will be responsible for ensuring all relevant workers are briefed. The types of remains that might be uncovered during land-transformation activities include:  Unknown burial places: They often have negligible surface visibility and can be encountered in many locations. Human bones, in an archaeological context, are normally light brown to dark brown, and are often easily distinguishable from surrounding sediments. In contrast to most of the animal bones that would be present in a midden deposit, human bones are usually intact. However, many human burials can be incomplete or contain scattered, partially decayed bones that fragment easily. Also present may be funerary objects associated with the burial. All burial sites must be reported immediately.  Archaeological deposits: archaeological deposits can be darker than surrounding sediments and can be distinguished from natural soils by the following attributes, individually or in combination: black soil, patches of reddish brown or yellow-brown fire-stained (oxidized) sediments, scatters or concentrations of archaeological material such as pottery, stone tools, metal implements and slag. Monitoring land-clearing activities will assist in determining if deeply buried subsurface deposits are present within the Project area. Monitoring is defined as active observation of earth-moving or other work that could adversely affect cultural resources within the Project Area and includes, as warranted by circumstances: observation, data recording, data recovery, archaeological excavation, photography, 79 laboratory analysis and cataloguing, ancillary special studies, and production of a written report that meets current professional archaeological standards. Such monitoring activities are conducted by qualified archaeologists from MDoA. Monitoring, will achieve several objectives: • To ensure that a site is avoided (including checking to ensure the boundaries of a site are properly fenced, or marked) and/or not inadvertently damaged if it is buried; • During and just after surface clearing activities, to collect surface artifacts and record features uncovered during clearing, and • During earth moving activities (grading, trenching) to assess if buried sites are present. To facilitate this, archaeological monitoring will occur during the clearance of vegetation and topsoil strip of the canal infrastructure works, as specified by the archaeological specialists. If potentially important cultural materials are encountered during construction, work will halt, and the immediate area protected until the archaeological monitoring team evaluates the find. If the Project archaeologist determines that the discovery is important, appropriate salvage excavations will be formulated and implemented (see below “Salvage Excavations”). Report Preparation The archaeological specialists will be required to prepare a report detailing the works and scientific analyses performed. The report will conform to current internationally accepted practices. Publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference papers on the results of the studies are a positive way in which the Project can meet its obligations regarding transmitting heritage information to the wider public. Contractor Training and Awareness Program The archaeological specialists will train the Contractors’ personnel involved in site clearance and soil strip, and the Contractor’s Environment Specialist, on the works that they are doing, the arrangements that they have for the works and on the identification of artifactual materials and bones, which might be found in the Project area. The will also train the Contractor’s personnel on the Chance Finds Procedure for reporting the discovery to supervisory personnel. The training will make it clear that any artifacts discovered are the property of Malawi, and after recording, analysis, and cataloguing that they will be prepared for curation at a national institution. Chance Finds Procedure and Salvage Excavation Considering the considerable volume of soil that will be excavated, the Project will apply a chance finds procedure, to set out what is to be done when cultural heritage objects are unexpectedly uncovered during works, especially during the absence of an archaeological monitoring team. The following procedures will need to be followed: • Work should be stopped in the vicinity of the finding (very often work can be continued at another part of the project to avoid costly delays) • Notify the Supervising Engineer or his/her designee. The finding should be treated as a cultural heritage incident and reported. • Notify the Malawi Department of Antiquities in the case of any archaeological or palaeontological finds. 80 • Use heritage experts and relevant community members to assess the significance of the discovery, and report it as required by law. • Seek advice from the Supverising Engineer on the right way to manage the discovery. The Supervising Engineer, will provide the advice following consultation with the relevant community groups and/or relevant archaeologists. • Resume work if permitted and agreed by the Supervising Engineer, following clearance of the Department of Antiquities. Salvage Excavation Data collection during excavation can provide important information concerning a site. Examination of the pit excavation profile often reveals a range of features, which may not be obvious in smaller excavation units. Cleaning and examination of the excavation profile can reveal buried sites, features (e.g., hearths, pits), and concentrations of artifacts. Based on the type of artifacts and features found, samples of artifacts, and soils may be removed for further analysis and processing; detailed photographs should be made, and profile drawings completed. Sites deemed as of high priority for salvage excavation, will be tagged and potentially damaging activities in the vicinity will be halted to allow the monitoring team enough time to salvage-excavate the discovered features. Sites that are problematic to classify may undergo shovel test pits. Shovel test pits or augers may be used to excavate small holes to a depth of approximately one meter below surface during surface survey activities. The purpose of these excavations will be to rapidly verify the horizontal and vertical extent of a site’s cultural properties and its scientific importance. The main purposes of archaeological rescue excavations are to:  Determine depth of cultural deposits;  Determine presence/absence of various kinds of artifacts, charcoal, structural remains, and human remains;  Delineate further site boundaries;  Delineate further site age;  Collect special samples (radiocarbon, slag, pollen, etc .). Archaeological Monitoring, Contractor Awareness Training and Chance Finds Procedure Costs in Phase 2 81 Approximate 2 Months of preconstruction archaeological rescue excavations: 4 experts per cost ($US) month (2 archeologists from the MDoA) 1 month to prepare and deliver regular contractor training and awareness spread across the first eight months of clearance and topsoil strip: 1 expert per month Eight months archaeological monitoring of land transformation activities during construction: 6 experts per month (2 archeologists from the MDoA) = 57 expert/months = US$94,050 For any chance finds, an allowance for the cost for salvage excavation has been included in project costs of US$100,000 Responsibilities Archaeological teams undertaking investigations will include at least 2 archeologists from the MDoA. These specialists will undertake and oversee: • Archaeological rescue excavations • Contractor training and awareness program • Initial one to two months archaeological monitoring of land transformation activities during construction • Salvage excavations in case of discoveries Construction contractor will work with the archaeological teams during the clearance and topsoil strip, and will implement the chance find procedure Schedule Initial archaeology rescues will be undertaken prior to start of construction works. Supervision by the archaeology team will be provided during the land clearance and topsoil strip. Chance Finds Procedure will be implemented during the works. Monitoring PMT will oversee the works in advance of construction. The Supervising Engineer shall supervise compliance with contractual requirements. Performance Completion of the advanced rescue at a minimum of 3 sites and maximum of 6 indicator(s) sites prior to construction works. Successful implication of Chance Finds Procedure Responsibilities Archaeological monitoring team (MDoA) for monitoring Supervising Engineer (Environmental specialist) Construction Contractor (Environmental specialist) Outcome, Artifact collected during archaeological rescue excavations shall be published in frequency and peer-reviewed journals and conference papers disclosure Monthly compliance reports (by the Supervising engineering firm) Table 10: Summary of costs for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage SUMMARY OF MITIGATION ACTIONS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE 82 Description Unit Unit Cost Quantity Cost Salvage Excavation lump 100,000.00 1 100,000.00 Preconstruction archaeological rescue US$ / expert excavations month 1,650.00 8 13,200.00 Prepare and deliver regular contractor US$ / expert training and awareness month 1,650.00 1 1,650.00 Archaeological monitoring of land transformation activities during US$ / expert construction month 1,650.00 48 79,200.00 Grand Total for Cultural Heritage 194,050.00 8.6 Action Plan for gender and youth The tables that follow set out the actions to be undertaken to implement the Gender and Youth Strategy (see CCPLTRPF for details and Cowi 2016) and the institutions that are responsible for undertaking the actions. PREPARATORY PHASE (SOME OF THE MEASURES WERE CARRIED OUT BY THE CCPLTRPFCONSULTING TEAM). Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Recruitment and Ensure that all terms of reference for consultants and SVTP Management capacity of staff have a gender aspect/expert in them consulting / Train/orient all project staff and consultants on gender SVTP Management project teams/ and youth issues, including orienting them on SVTP and Consulting missions companies Where possible, ensure that the composition of staff at Consulting all levels is at least 50% women, to be in line with the companies Project 50:50 policies Team Implementation Implement communication activities at all levels in the CCPLTRPF of stakeholder project area (ADC and VDC levels) Consulting Team consultation Develop community mobilisation guidelines that Consultants and process, incorporate gender issues. District Council community Mobilisation and Ensure information education and communication Consulting engagement for materials are accessible to the illiterate, especially companies Project the SVTP women. Team Ensure women, youth and the poor are included in all Consultants and field level activities, meetings and capacity building District Council processes. 83 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Preparatory Orient all enumerators on gender and youth issues Consultants studies, related to Chikwawa and Nsanje baselines data Ensure that all data collection instruments are able to Consultants collection, collect gender and youth disaggregated data. analysis and Ensure that all data collection tools are gender/youth Consultants reporting audited by the CCPLTRPF Gender and Youth Expert Ensure that data is analysed and disaggregated by sex Consultants and age to capture gender and youth issues. Preparatory Orient all enumerators on gender and youth issues Consultants studies, related to Chikwawa and Nsanje baselines data Ensure that all data collection instruments are able to Consultants collection, collect gender and youth disaggregated data. analysis and Ensure that all data collection tools are gender/youth Consultants reporting audited by the CCPLTRPF Gender and Youth Expert Ensure that data is analysed and disaggregated by sex Consultants and age to capture gender and youth issues. Institutional Ensure that gender and youth issues are used as criteria MoAIWD, National development for choosing the SVTP irrigation institutional model. Youth Council, and formation of District Council and irrigation Technical options, farmer Teams management Ensure that women, youth and poor people are MoAIWD, National entities, SVTP represented and actively participate in irrigation Youth Council, governance and management entities District Council and management Technical committees Teams Train all irrigation management entities on gender and MoAIWD, National youth issues Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams Ensure women, youths and poor are included in the MoAIWD, National management, governance, implementation and Youth Council, technical teams of SVTP District Council and Technical Teams Build capacity of individual farmers on gender and MoAIWD, District youth issues, including decision making at household Council, Technical level Teams, National Youth Council and Farmer Organisations 84 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Ensure no discriminatory practices are being used to MoAIWD, National limit participation of women and youth. Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams Ensure that voices of women, youths and poor are MoAIWD, National heard by management of the water management entity Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams Implement positive discrimination, if the irrigation or MoAIWD, National farmer management entities do not have Youth Council, representation from women, youths and the poor District Council and Technical Teams Land Ensure that PAPs are gender, age and poverty defined, MoAIWD, National redistribution, so that it is known who is most affected by resettlement Youth Council, resettlement District Council and policy framework Technical and grievance Teams mechanism Ensure that women, youths and poor are also provided MoAIWD, National with land in the schemes. Government can lease off Youth Council, land and reallocate equitably amongst beneficiaries. District Council and Technical Teams Ensure that women and youths and poor who lose land MoAIWD, National are appropriately compensated. During compensation, Youth Council, ensure that all household members have access and District Council and control of the compensation by adopting a household Technical livelihood and planning DNPWproach. Teams Ensure that District Council teams, Committees and MoAIWD, National experts that value lost assets during compensation, Youth Council, value land as well, not just structures on it. District Council and Technical Teams Ensure that District Council teams, Committees and MoAIWD, National experts that value lost assets during resettlement Youth Council, planning do not sexually abuse women or girls (or any District Council and form of gender based violence) Technical Teams Ensure that land assessment teams include women and MoAIWD, National youths and ensure that land losses of female headed households are assessed by female officials/experts. 85 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Whoever does the valuation should be gender trained. Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams Ensure that gender and youths sensitive spaces are MoAIWD, National created for women to lodge their grievances on unfair Youth Council, practices. District Council and Technical Teams Ensure that grievances by women are handled by MoAIWD, National women. Traditional leaders should ensure that women Youth Council, are included in any primary justice structures that they District Council and have in place or are to be created. Technical Teams Encourage land being registered jointly in the name of MoAIWD, National the woman and the man. Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams Monitoring and Ensure that the intervention logic of any project being MoAIWD, National evaluation of designed has SMART and gender and youth sensitive Youth Council, gender and indicators and take into account poverty District Council and youth activities. Technical Teams Ensure that monitoring the progress made in applying MoAIWD, National gender and youth approaches in irrigation projects is Youth Council, regularly undertaken. District Council and Technical Teams Ensure that all indicators at input, output, outcome and MoAIWD, National impact level are disaggregated by gender, age, Youth Council, household headship, location and marital status, where District Council and necessary. Indicators that can be used are included in Technical the annexes. Teams Ensure that programme targets are gender and youth MoAIWD, National disaggregated Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams Ensure that monitoring and evaluation terms of MoAIWD, National reference and teams have gender and youth expertise. Youth Council, District Council and Technical 86 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Teams PROJECT CONSULTATION AND OPERATION PHASE Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution MoAIWD in collaboration with other line ministries Promote SVTP as multiple-use (irrigation, domestic and and government livestock uses) irrigation and water programme. departments MoAIWD in collaboration with Ensure that women enjoy de jure and de facto equality other line ministries in access to land and other property, including and government inheritance and purchase. departments Policy level MoAIWD, National commitment to When water management institutions do not have any Youth Council, mainstream or few women and youth, introduce appropriate District Council and gender and institutional measures, such as minimum quotas for Technical Teams, youth issues in women and youth to increase participation of women Water management the SVTP and youths Institutions MoAIWD, National Youth Council, District Council and Provide improved coordination among concerned water Technical Teams, management institution to facilitate the Water management implementation of multiple-use water projects. Institutions MoAIWD, National Youth Council, District Council and Support equal employment opportunities in water Technical Teams, management institution for both genders and for youth Water management and older people. Institutions MoAIWD, National Youth Council, District Council and Provide and support capacity building around gender Technical Teams, and youth issues in water management entities with Water management particular attention to extension staff. Institutions 87 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution MoAIWD, National Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams, Ensure effective linkages with gender and youth Water management ministries and CSOs Institutions Land Conduct participatory assessments to understand the Consultants administration, social organization of agricultural production and the allocation and specific gender and youth division of labour in the tenure project area. arrangements Implement mechanisms to ensure that the landless are MoAIWD, National for women, also provided land and participate in irrigation activities Youth Council, youth and poor District Council and people Technical Teams, Water management Institutions If irrigation schemes involve land titling or retitling, new MoAIWD, National land titles should be granted to women or to husbands Youth Council, and wives jointly. Youths should also be included. District Council and Technical Teams, Water management Institutions Disaggregate land ownership data by gender and age to Consultants understand land ownership issues amongst women and youth. Conduct local/grassroots advocacy work with traditional NGOs, MoAIWD, leaders to improve land ownership by women and National Youth jointly by woman and man Council, District Council and Technical Teams, Water management Institutions Ensure that irrigation schemes have both commercial as Scheme well food security objectives by adopting integrated management farming systems, nor jus commercial mono-cropping Construction of Ensure that women and youth are involved so that they Contractors various irrigation also benefit from the employment created, where infrastructure feasible. and installation Ensure gender sensitive resettlement in terms of MoAIWD, National of equipment targeting, compensation and provision of services to Youth Council, new locations. District Council and 88 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Technical Teams, Water Management Institutions Provide social safeguards to protect women and girls MoAIWD, National from being sexually abused Youth Council, District Council and Technical Teams, Water Management Institutions Gender and The irrigation scheme should provide labour for MoAIWD, National youth division of irrigation activities in the farm. The irrigation model Youth Council, labour should not allow farmers to work using their own District Council and labour in the blocks. Technical Teams, Water Management Institutions Ensure that planners involved in the projects are aware Planners, DEC of women’s and youth contributions to farm and members, irrigation household production to enable them design plans that officials are appropriate for women. Irrigation designs should carefully evaluate the Water Management availability of women’s and men’s work in the family Institutions, DEC and expected impacts of intervention on women’s and members, men’s income, time use, and social power. community Community labour contribution to irrigation projects Water Management should take into consideration the contribution of Institutions, DEC women and men at household level. Where possible, members, this labour should be for to compensate for time lost. community Provide appropriate labour and time saving Water Management technologies to those beneficiaries, especially those Institutions, DEC who are already overburdened with labour at members, household level. community Access and Income from irrigation at household level should be Irrigation Scheme control over transparently used by adopting a participatory Management economic and expenditure management at household level social benefits Provide equal access to training, finance/credit and Water Management from related irrigations services for men, women and Institutions, DEC participation youths. members, irrigation community leaders services Provide training opportunities for the youth and women Water Management in advocacy and engagement and inclusion Institutions, DEC members, community leaders 89 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Provision and promotion of (agriculture-related) Water Management vocational skills for youths which will enhance the Institutions, DEC growth of the sector members, community leaders Monitor use of irrigation income/earnings at household Water Management level Institutions, DEC members, community leaders Farmer Ensure that by-laws of irrigation schemes/WUAs or its Water Management management constitution provide equal opportunities for all Institutions, DEC entities and members. Ensure that it has some affirmative actions members, other that favour the disadvantaged groups. community leaders institutional Ensure that there are no discriminatory practices that Water Management arrangements. are being used to limit participation of women and Institutions, DEC youth, even when bylaws provide for equal members, opportunity. These may include high membership fees, community leaders landlessness, access to water etc. Implement positive discrimination, if the criteria for Water Management irrigation scheme or WUA membership is discriminatory Institutions, DEC members, community leaders Socio-economic Improving access to finance to enable women and Water Management empowerment youths participate in irrigation technology and value Institutions s, DEC of women and addition members, youths in and community leaders around irrigation Integrate/promote village loans and savings and Water Management schemes income generating activities in irrigation schemes Institutions s, DEC members, community leaders Training women and men on human rights and the Water Management importance of women’s participation in decision making Institutions s, DEC at all level members, community leaders Introducing functional literacy classes in water Water Management management institutions to improve women’s and Institutions s, DEC illiterate men’s ability to read and write so that they members, can effectively participate in agricultural decision community leaders making processes 90 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Designing and Implement a strong consultation process during the Consultants and implementing planning and implementation stages to understand DEC members, multiple use gender dynamics Water management irrigation institutions, local services. leaders and gender CSOs During implementation, conduct training programs Consultants and addressed to women to help them manage and DEC members, maintain the points of supply will also be necessary. Water management Ensure that planners understand women’s and girls’ institutions, local water needs as women and girls will be the main users leaders and gender of those watering points CSOs Translate multiple water needs into affordable small- Consultants and and medium-scale technical irrigation designs DEC members, Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs Ensure that water points are created for domestic and Consultants and other social uses, especially livestock. DEC members, Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs Introduce community water points because tap water Consultants and may not be feasible as houses are not mostly DEC members, permanent. Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs Irrigation Ensure that all farmers aggregate their land so that no Consultants and scheme single farmers are identified by or works on their own DEC members, management land. Water management and farmer institutions, local management leaders and gender CSOs When forming groups, ensure that membership fees Consultants and are affordable and those that cannot afford are District Council supported with cash transfers to be able to pay 91 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Adopt management arrangements that have been used Consultants and DEC for the Phata Irrigation Schemes where possible members, Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs Ensure that farmers are organised in a way that ensure Irrigation Scheme women and youth participate in the activities of the Management scheme and benefit from it Implement gender training programmes for staff and Irrigation Scheme communities around the schemes Management Implement gender sensitive transparent and Irrigation Scheme accountable irrigation revenue management Management Adopt agronomic principles that use technology other Irrigation Scheme manual labour and ensure that farmers are paid when Management they provide labour. Reaching the Ensure that the vulnerable and often-overlooked Consultants and poorest and groups such as women, youths, PLHIV, elderly, landless DEC members, most vulnerable workers and poor women farmers are included in all Water management groups. stages, including during consultation, resettlement and institutions, local land reallocation, during implementation and leaders and gender monitoring and evaluation. CSOs In order to know who vulnerable rapid vulnerability Consultants and assessments should be included in the consultation DEC members, processes. Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs Monitoring and Ensure that the intervention logic of any project being Consultants and evaluation of designed has SMART and gender and youth sensitive DEC members, gender and indicators Water youth activities management Gender and institutions, local youth capacity leaders and gender at various level CSOs Ensure that monitoring the progress made in Consultants and applying gender and youth approaches in irrigation DEC members, projects is regularly undertaken. Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs 92 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Ensure that all indicators at input, output, outcome and Consultants and impact level are disaggregated by gender, age, DEC members, household headship, location and marital status, where Water management necessary. Indicators that can be used are included in institutions, local the annexes. leaders and gender CSOs Ensure that programme targets are gender and youth Consultants and disaggregated DEC members, Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs Ensure that monitoring and evaluation terms of Consultants and reference and teams have gender expertise. DEC members, Water management institutions, local leaders and gender CSOs Cabinet level: MoAIWD • Presidential directives • Gender and youth briefings and awareness sessions • Policy briefs on gender and youth Ministries and departments MoAIWD • Establish focal points in ministries • Train planning and monitoring and evaluation officers on gender and youth • Joint planning and monitoring teams • Technical support on gender and youth District Executive Committees Members MoAIWD • Allocate resources for gender and youth analysis, gender and youth training and mainstreaming • Train of the District Executive Committee on gender and youth • Establish focal points in sectors • Joint planning and monitoring teams • Technical support on gender and youth 93 Responsible Main issues Mitigation measures to be implemented Institution Community structures Consultants and DEC members, • Orient local leaders (such as Councillors, Water management Traditional Leaders, Religious Leaders on institutions, local gender and youth issues and women’s and leaders and gender youth’ rights CSOs • Train of the ADCs, VDC and AECs on gender and youth • Conduct gender and youth analysis together with District and Community Teams • Train community-based volunteers in gender and youth issues such as gender and youth participation in decision making • Conduct participatory gender and youth analysis, planning and monitoring at community level • Establish local gender and youth forums or advocacy groups Household level Consultants and ·Sensitization of men, women and youth on the roles DEC members, Water management and importance of women and youth and women’s institutions, local and youth’ rights leaders and gender CSOs STAKEHOLDER ROLES National level At the national level, the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Irrigation Development and Irrigation (MoAIWD), will ensure that guidance incorporates gender issues that have been identified and included in the Gender and Youth strategy. The Ministry will ensure that planners involved in the project have requisite gender analysis skills and utilise gender lens in designing the scheme. The Ministry will work closely with the Ministry of Gender, Community Development and Children Affairs and the National Youth Council to ensure that gender issues are implemented and reported in a coordinated way. District level At district level, the District Executive Committee will appoint a SVTP committee which will oversee implementation of the gender and youth interventions as prioritised in the Gender and Youth strategy. The DEC will monitor gender mainstreaming and affirmative actions at implementation level. It will ensure that the programme is implemented in a participatory and consultative way to ensure that 94 vulnerable groups such as women, youths, poor men and people living with HIV are engaged, participate and benefit from the programme. Community level At community level, water management entities created through the SVTP, will ensure that a certain minimum percentage of women and youths are involved and benefit from the programme equally with men. They will implement affirmative actions on areas where gender gaps are identified. Contractors and consultants will ensure that women, youth and other vulnerable groups are consulted regularly through systematic processes and their views reflected in irrigation designs and specifications. They will create gender capacities within their staff and experts and ensure that all gender and youth issues identified through this guideline are understood and addressed by their teams. This requirement will also be included in their contracts, and the contracts are not engendered, MoAIWD will negotiate for an additional MoU to ensure that gender issues are included. The CCPLTRF Consultant (COWI) will also monitor adherence to the gender strategy, at the feasibility phase. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS COWI (2016) has developed performance indicators to monitor gender and youth aspects. At time of monitoring, an independent consultant will be hired to carry out the monitoring as presented hereunder as well as the National Youth Council and the District Council. Indicators Type Method of data collection Number and frequency of women, men, youths, and other Output Meetings or process disadvantaged persons consulted during detailed design and records/registers implementation Percentage of women and men, boys and girls actively participating Output Meetings or process in planning sessions for water allocation program for drinking water records/registers and agricultural irrigation Percentage of women and men, boys and girls actively participating Output Meetings or process in water entities records/registers Percentage of women and men, boys and girls members of Output Meetings or process operations and management committees of irrigation projects records/registers Women, men, boys and girls and other vulnerable groups in Output Meetings or process positions of management or leadership in farmer management records/registers entities Community satisfaction (disaggregated by gender and age) regarding Outcome Household surveys water distribution schedules and access Access of women and men, boys and girls to support services, such Outcome Household surveys as credit and extension (such as percentage of women in agricultural training and of women clients of credit institutions) Percentage of women and men, boys and girls among total trainees Output Training reports receiving training in the appropriate use of irrigation for high-value crop production Access of landless/vulnerable women and men, boys and girls to Outcome Household surveys water from irrigation schemes 95 Among surveyed women and youths, in target group, percentage Outcome Household surveys rate their access to water for agricultural and domestic use as having improved during the period covered by the program or project Changes in relevant dimensions of well-being, disaggregated by Impact Household surveys gender, age and wealth group: food and other products, household income, labour and other costs for water conveyance, water quality for drinking, and water quantity for hygiene MONITORING An independent consultant will be hired by PMT to monitor the proposed indicators and work in close collaboration with the Ministry of Gender, Community Development and Children Affairs and the National Youth Council. 96 9 MONITORING PLAN This plan summarizes measures that were presented in previous sections. Monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP will draw on the information provided in this chapter. The World Bank will provide support to the project during implementation, with respect to delivering the requirements of the ESMP and undertaking monitoring of the project. 9.1 Responsibilities for implementing measures The following table provides a summary of actors’ responsibility for mitigation, compensation and monitoring. A Summary of performance indicators are presented in the next section. Both will be reviewed and updated as the project progresses and more information becomes available. Required Measure Responsible Actor Description of monitoring Monitoring actors Inclusion of Chapter 5PMT Procurement, Self check, internal reviews PC, PMT relevant requirements into the Environment and and sign-off by Project Specialists Bidding Documents for Social specialists are Coordinator of the draft the Contractor responsible for Bidding Documents. ensuring measures set out in Chapter 5 into the Bidding Document and subsequent Contract for the construction contractors. Implementation of E&S Construction Self-Monitoring by Environmental, Social Requirements set out contractor is fully Contractor and Health and Safety in the Construction responsible to budget Environmental, Social and Specialists from Contract for and implement the Health and Safety Specialists Contractor and measures in their monitor own performance Supervising Engineer contract against CESMP and OHSM etc PMT Environment and Supervising Engineer Supervising Engineer Social Specialists Responsible for day Will undertake document to day monitoring of reviews and site inspections Government Inspectors compliance with to confirm works are from EAD, Ministry of requirements proceeding in accordance Labour (MoL) with requirements PMT Environment and social specialists to monitor performance of Supervising Engineer in holding the Contractor to account for delivering the requirements 97 Required Measure Responsible Actor Description of monitoring Monitoring actors of the contract, including through undertaking reviews of the contractor performance. Governmental monitoring Governmental monitoring of compliance with national regulation regarding health and safety, workers condition and environmental protection Inclusion of Chapter 5 PMT Procurement, Self check, internal reviews PC, PMT relevant requirements into the Environment and and sign-off by Project Specialists Supervising Engineers Social specialists are Coordinator of the Terms of Terms of Reference responsible for Reference. ensuring measures set out in Chapter 5 are incorporated into the Supervising Engineers Terms of Reference Implementation of the Supervising Engineer Supervising Engineer’s Environment, Terms of Reference of is responsible for reports will be checked by Social and Health the Supervising complying with their PMT Specialists to ensure and Safety Engineer Terms of Reference that they include details of specialists from the measures that the Supervising PMT Supervising Engineer has Engineer Responsible for done to ensure Contract is monitoring the implementing the Contract PMT relevant performance of the Specialists Supervising Engineer PMT will undertake site inspections of the works to satisfy themselves that the workers are being undertaken in accordance with the contract Inclusion of Chapter 5 PMT Procurement, Self check, internal reviews PC, PMT relevant requirements into the Environment and and sign-off by Project Specialists Bidding Documents for Social specialists are Coordinator of the bidding the bulk water responsible for document. Operator ensuring measures set out in Chapter 5 are incorporated into the 98 Required Measure Responsible Actor Description of monitoring Monitoring actors bidding documents for the operator Implementation of the PMT PMT Specialists to undertake PC, Environment, E&S Requirements Responsible for inspections and Social and Health during operation of the monitoring the documentation reviews as and Safety canal and associated performance of the necessary to ensure that the specialists from infrastructure Operator against the operator is complying with PMT requirements of the the requirements of the contract contract Inclusion of Chapter 6 PMT Procurement, Self check, internal reviews PC, PMT relevant requirements into the Design Manager, and sign-off by Project Specialists Designer’s Terms of Environment and Coordinator of the Terms of Reference Social specialists are Reference. responsible for ensuring measures set out in Chapter 6 are incorporated into the Designers Terms of Reference Implementation of The Designer’s team Self-Monitoring by Designer Environmental, Social requirements set out in will implement Environmental, Social and and Health and Safety the Designers Terms of Environmental Design Health and Safety Specialists Specialists from Reference Management will follow the EDM Designer Procedures to ensure Procedures to ensure the that all issues are timely incorporation of issues PMT Specialists adequately incorporated into the PMT design. Will review designs and the solutions to confirm all issues PMT specialists will have been incorporated confirm requirements have been met Compensating for The Compensation PMT PMT Environment impacts to Lengwe measures described in PMT will agree the timescales Specialist National Park – Chapter 7 will be for the delivery of the Monitoring Chapter 7 delivered to DNPW, compensation payments with DNPW commensurately with DNPW, taking into account the delivery of the the program of services to be relevant services, and provided by DNPW. Where on presentation of necessary this will need to compliant invoices reflect the construction program 99 Required Measure Responsible Actor Description of monitoring Monitoring actors Establishing and PMT will ensure Self check, internal reviews PC, PMT relevant operation of Command relevant TORs (SOCFE and sign-off by Project Specialists Areas to ensure design Development Service Coordinator of the Terms of requirements from Provider; Investment Reference. Chapter 6 are Assessment Panel; incorporated in farm Farm Managers) PMT will submit to World set up and operation, contain relevant Bank for their review and no- including: provisions objection the TORs. No impacts to natural PMT to monitor the work of habitat the specialists and ensure Archaeology is rescued requirements of the TOR are PMP requirements are being delivered. delivered Farm H&S plan is prepared and implemented Energy and resource (water) use efficiency is considered Screening of projects PMT Natural Resource PMT: PMT specialists under Natural Management PMT Environment and Social PC Resources Coordinator will be Specialists will check and Management responsible to review the screening forms Component, including organizing the prior to submission to PMT fish ponds screening of all PC. PMT PC will sign off on projects the screening. Waste Management PMT will prepare Self check, internal reviews PC, PMT relevant Planning – preparation TORs for the Waste and sign-off by Project Specialists and implementation of Management Planning Coordinator of the Terms of TORs study Reference, of the proposed specialists CV, and of the PMT to appoint study outputs. appropriately skilled specialist to PMT will submit to World implement the TOR Bank for their review and no- and to prepare the objection to the TOR, to the study outputs. proposed specialist, and to the outputs of the study HS Training – Farm and MoH specialists will PMT: PMT Specialists water related health undertake research, PMT Environment and Social issues, including identification and Specialists will monitor the Schistosomiasis and 100 Required Measure Responsible Actor Description of monitoring Monitoring actors communicable sensitization delivery of services and of diseases campaigns educational campaigns HS Training of OHS specialists will PMT: OHS Specialists, PMT community and prepare and deliver Having prepared TORs for the Specialists workers – training and trainings and awareness Safety on construction awareness raising raising, PMT Environment sites, near canals and campaigns, according and Social Specialists will on farm safety to the TOR prepared monitor the roll out of the by PMT programs Engaging with Law PMT will request PMT: PMT Social Specialist Enforcement regular attendance of PMT Social Specialist will law enforcement monitoring the presence of Law Enforcement at GBV trainings Project GRM PMT Social Specialist PMT: PC, PMT Social will be responsible for Self check by PMT Social Specialist the publication and Specialist smooth running of the Monthly reports to PC project GRM Archaeology and PMT will engage DoA PMT: DoA, PMT Cultural Heritage to undertake rescue Environment Specialist will rescue in advance of of artefacts from high ensure the TOR for the construction priority sites prior to advanced rescue operations construction accord with the ESMP. Environment Specialist will monitor the delivery of the service Action Plan for Gender PMT Social Specialist PMT: PMT, Consultants, and Youth will coordinate and Will set up regular meetings District Councils, promote these with actors and prepare MoAIWD, National activities amongst the reports of the activities Youth Council, farmer actors undertaken. organisations, various other departments and institutions 101 9.2 SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS The following table summarizes the performance indicators to indicate the performance of the mitigation. These will be reviewed and updated as the project progresses to ensure they remain pertinent. Mitigation Measure Performance indicators Implementation of 1. The number of non-compliances with contract, by subject (e.g. the ES Requirements amount of unplanned: vegetation removal; emissions to land, air and during construction water) (chapter 5) 2. The timescale for remedying non-compliance 3. Monthly reports from the contractor providing metrics required in Part D of the Particular Conditions of Contract Inclusion of the 1. The number/amount of each feature type included in the design for measures from construction drawings, compared with the estimates/requirements in chapter 6 included in the ESMP the detailed design 2. The number of hectares set aside as non-irrigated areas (because of their environmental features or designated community uses) in Command Areas Compensation 1. The amount and timing of the payments, by reference to the ESMP Payments to LNP requirements 2. Wildlife Monitoring Reports 3. Number of complaints from Contractor for absence of rangers Screening of NRM 1. Number of Screenings undertaken Projects prior to 2. Number of ESIAs, ESMPs and CESMPs prepared implementation 3. Number of non-compliances raised by EAD Preparation of ESMP 1. Preparation of approved (EAD) ESMP for Chikwawa Water 2. Preparation of approved (Supervising Engineer) CESMP Supply 3. Monthly reports from the contractor providing metrics required in Part D of the Particular Conditions of Contract Waste Management 1. TORs contain reference to relevant parts of World Bank ESF TORs Health Training, including – 1. The evolution of number of infections of schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis HS Training – Farm 1. Number of Trainings given (target 2 per month) and Canal Safety 2. Information packs prepared and disseminated Engaging with Law 1. Number of project events per month attended by law enforcement Enforcement Project GRM 1. Performance indicators are described in the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) Archaeology and 1. The number of salvaged high priority sites Cultural Heritage pre 2. The number of unexpected finds construction works 102 Action Plan for 1. Number and frequency of women, men, youths, and other Gender and Youth disadvantaged persons consulted during Design study and implementation 2. Percentage of women and men, boys and girls actively participating in planning sessions for water allocation program for drinking water and agricultural irrigation 3. Percentage of women and men, boys and girls actively participating in water entities 4. Percentage of women and men, boys and girls members of operations and management committees of irrigation projects 5. Women, men, boys and girls and other vulnerable groups in positions of management or leadership in farmer management entities 6. Community satisfaction (disaggregated by gender and age) regarding water distribution schedules and access 7. Access of women and men, boys and girls to support services, such as credit and extension (such as percentage of women in agricultural training and of women clients of credit institutions) 8. Percentage of women and men, boys and girls among total trainees receiving training in the appropriate use of irrigation for high-value crop production 9. Access of landless/vulnerable women and men, boys and girls to water from irrigation schemes 10. Among surveyed women and youths, in target group, percentage rate of their access to water for agricultural and domestic use as having improved during the period covered by the program or project 11. Changes in relevant dimensions of well-being, disaggregated by gender, age and wealth group: food and other products, household income, labour and other costs for water conveyance, water quality for drinking, and water quantity for hygiene 9.3 Reporting implementation Performance of the ESMP PMT will prepare reports on the implementation of the ESMP in accordance with the project agreements. This will include details of the actions undertaken by actors as part of the implementation measures, together with details of performance indicators that had been measured in the reporting period. PMT will forward monthly progress reports for each construction contract to WB, when received from Supervising Engineer/Contractor. 103 ANNEX 1: SCREENING PROCESS OF OTHER MEASURES (CHAPTER 8), PROJECT CONSTRUCTION CAMPS, QUARRIES, BORROWER AREAS, AND COMMAND AREAS This annex describes the processes for screening the Other Measures described in Chapter 8 against World Bank requirements, and for screening project activities against National Requirements. The Other measures described in Chapter 8 refer mostly to small scale activities that were not fully defined and described within the ESIA for SVTP-II. These will tend to be minor community level activities that might be undertaken within the Lower Shire Valley, but not by the main contractors engaged to undertake the works associated with the canal and irrigation infrastructure. Project construction sites that will also be subject to this screening include contractor camps, quarries, borrow pits and disposal areas that are part of the Contractor Design (and therefore not included in the Project Design). Introduction to the Screening Process The key to environmental management for the SVTP is to determine the appropriate studies and follow- up measures that might be needed. The screening process presented here is designed to meet World Bank requirements and the Malawi Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment. The objectives of the screening process for subprojects is to: • Determine which construction and rehabilitation activities have potential negative environmental and social impacts; • Determine the level of environmental analysis and follow-up environmental or social management work required; • Determine appropriate mitigation measures for addressing adverse impacts; • Incorporate mitigation measures into sub-project construction contracts and operation process; • Facilitate the review and approval of the construction and rehabilitation proposals and; • Provide guidance for environmental and social compliance and outcome monitoring of environmental parameters during construction, rehabilitation, operation and maintenance of Project-supported facilities and related project activities. The extent of environmental or social work that might be required, prior to the commencement of construction and rehabilitation of the facilities, will depend on the outcome of the screening process described below. Malawi’s Guidelines for EIA (1997) provide for categorization of projects into either List A or List B depending on the size, nature and perceived environmental consequences of a project. Where it is clear that project activities fall under List A of the Guidelines, an EIA has to be carried out. The screening process will be used to determine the appropriate environmental follow-up measures, depending on the nature, scope and significance of the expected environmental impacts from each SVTP-supported sub- project. The Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF) to be used for screening in accordance with Malawi Guidelines for EIA is provided in Annex 2 and will be completed by trained and qualified personnel. The screening form, when correctly completed, will facilitate the: • Identification of potential environmental and social impacts and their significance; • Assignment of the appropriate environmental category; 104 • Determination of appropriate environmental and social mitigation measures and; • Need to conduct an ESIA and or prepare Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) where required. Screening will be responsibility of the PMT with collaboration of the District Environmental Officer. Subsequent to a desk appraisal of the construction and rehabilitation plans, the initial screening of the proposed project activities will be carried out in the field, using the Environmental and Social Screening Form. The ESSF, when completed, will provide information for the assignment of the appropriate environmental category to a particular activity for rehabilitation and/or construction of new facilities. The District Environmental Committee (for the District Council) will be responsible for categorizing a construction or rehabilitation activity as either A, B or C. Category A project activities would have significant and long-term adverse environmental impacts and therefore would require an EIA, in accordance with Malawian legal requirements. Although some quarries, disposal sites or borrow pits may fall into category A, the Other Measures described in Chapter 8 are expected to be category B or C. Category B projects are those with one or a few potentially significant adverse impacts, which would require an Environmental and Social Management Plan to address specific impacts during project construction or operation, but not a full EIA. Category C projects would not have any significant adverse environmental impacts; they would therefore not require an ESIA or a specific ESMP, but they would require adherence to good environmental practices, including any applicable Environmental Rules for Contractors. If the ESSF has only “No” entries, then a C classification would normally be warranted. Hence, the proposed activity will not require further environmental analysis, and the DEC will recommend approval of the screening results for implementation of the project activity to proceed—subject to adherence to environmental and social requirements, such as the Environmental Rules for Contractors, during any civil works. After reviewing the information provided in the ESSF and having determined the appropriate environmental category, the PMT will determine whether: • The application of simple mitigation measures outlined in the ESSF (Annex 3) and Environmental and Social Rules for Contractors will suffice (Category C); • An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) needs to be prepared to address specific environmental and social impacts (Category B); or (c)A full ESIA will need to be carried out for actions in (Category A). Although this screening process includes potential Category A sub-projects, none are expected. Though not highly likely, it is conceivable that, as a result of the screening process, one or more of the sub- projects will be found to require an ESIA. In such a case, the ESIA would identify and assess the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction activities, evaluate alternatives, as well as design and implement appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures. These measures would be captured in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) which will be prepared as part of the ESIA report. The DEC will review the results and recommendations of the environmental and social screening forms; and the proposed mitigation measures presented in the environmental and social checklists. Where an 105 ESIA has been carried out, EAD will review the reports to ensure that all environmental and social impacts have been identified and that effective mitigation measures have been proposed. Based on the results of the above review process and discussions with the relevant stakeholders and potentially affected persons, the DEC, in case of projects that don’t require EIA, will make recommendations to the District Council and PMT to go ahead with project implementation. Where an ESIA is required the District Council will recommend to SVTP and EAD for the EIA study. After preparation of the ESIA report, EAD (on advice from the Technical Committee on Environment, TCE) will recommend to the National Council on Environment (NCE) for its approval. To ensure that the screening form is completed correctly for the various project locations and activities, training will be provided to members of the DEC. The PMT Environmental Officer will have to take a leading role in the training. Technical advice on environmental and social training will also be provided by a contracted safeguards specialist on the PMT. Annex 3 includes a World Bank ESF Screening Form, which will be used in parallel with the above process to determine whether the activity would result in high, substantial, moderate or low environmental or social risks, and whether an ESMP or ESIA is required. If an ESMP or ESIA is required, then it will be provided to the World Bank for review prior to the start of the activity. 106 ANNEX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM Government of the Republic Of Malawi Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM FOR SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE SHIRE VALLEY TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM INTRODUCTION This Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of planned construction and rehabilitation activities under the SVTP. The form will assist the project implementers and reviewers to identify environmental and social impacts and their mitigation measures, if any. It will also assist in the determination of requirements for further environmental work (such as ESIA), and social work if necessary. The form helps to determine the characteristics of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment with the aim of assessing the potential impacts of the construction and rehabilitation activities on the environment by the SVTP. The ESSF will also assist in identifying potential socio- economic impacts that will require mitigation measures and/or resettlement and compensation. GUIDELINES FOR SCREENING The evaluator should undertake the assignment after: • gaining adequate knowledge of baseline information of the area. • gaining knowledge of proposed project activities for the area. • having been briefed/trained in environmental and social screening. The form is to be completed by consensus of at least professional officers from Environmental Affairs department, knowledgeable of the screening process. PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION Project Name Estimated Cost (MK) Project Site Funding Agency Project Objectives Proposed Main Project Activities Name of Evaluator Date of Field appraisal 107 PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES Provide information on the type and scale of the construction/rehabilitation activity (e.g. area, land required and approximate size of structures). Provide information on the construction activities including support/ancillary structures and activities required to build them, e.g. need to quarry or excavate borrow materials, water source, access roads etc. Describe how the construction/rehabilitation activities will be carried out. Include description of support/activities and resources required for the construction/rehabilitation. PART C: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT SITE CATEGORY OF BASELINE INFORMATION BRIEF DESCRIPTION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION • Name of the Area (District, T/A, Village) • Proposed location of the project (Include a site map of at least 1:10,000 scale) LAND RESOURCES • Topography and Geology of the area • Soils of the area • Main land uses and economic activities WATER RESOURCES • Surface water resources (e.g. rivers, lakes, etc) quantity and quality • Ground water resources quantity and quality BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES • Flora (include threatened/endangered/endemic species) • Fauna (include threatened/endangered/endemic species) • Sensitive habitats including protected areas e.g. national parks and forest reserves CLIMATE • Temperature • Rainfall 108 PART D: SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES Is the project site/activity within Extent or coverage Significance and/ or will it affect the following (on site, within 3km -5km (Low, Medium, High) environmentally sensitive areas? or beyond 5km) 1. No Yes On Within Beyond Low Mediu High Site 3-5 km 5km m 1.1 National parks and game reserve 1.2 Wet-lands 1.3 Productive traditional agricultural /grazing lands 1.5 Areas with rare or endangered flora or fauna 1.6 Areas with outstanding scenery/tourist site 1.7 Within steep slopes/mountains 1.8 Dry tropical forests such as Brachystegia species 1.9 Along lakes , aquifers, riverine ecosystems 1.1 Near industrial 0 activities 1.1 Near human 1 settlements 1.1 Near historic, 2 archaeological, sacred or other cultural heritage sites 109 1.1 Within prime ground 3 water recharge area 1.1 Within prime 4 surface run off 1.1 Near boreholes or 5 other potable drinking water sources 2.0 SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION AREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES Will the implementation and Extent or coverage Significance operations of the project (on site, within 3km -5km (Low, Medium, High) activities within the selected or beyond 5km) site generate the following externalities /costs /impacts? No Yes On Within Beyond Low Medium High Site 3-5 km 5km 2.1 Deforestation 2.2 Soil erosion and siltation 2.3 Siltation of watercourses, dams 2.4 Environmental degradation arising from mining of construction materials 2.5 Damage of wildlife species and habitat 2.6 Pollution from Pesticides 2.7 Nuisance - smell or noise 110 2.8 Reduced water quality 2.9 Increase in costs of water treatment 2.10 Soil contamination 2.11 Loss of soil fertility 2.12 Reduced flow and availability of water 2.13 Long term depletion of water resource 2.14 Incidence of flooding 2.15 Changes in migration patterns of animals 2.16 Introduce alien plants and animals 2.17 Increased incidence of plant and animal diseases 3.0 SCREENING CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS AREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION Will the implementation and operation of the Extent or coverage Significance project activities within the selected site (on site, within 3km -5km or (Low, Medium, High) generate the following socio-economic beyond 5km) costs/impacts? No Yes On Site Within 3-5 km Beyond Low Medium High 5km 3.1 Loss of land/land acquisition for human settlement, farming, grazing 111 3.2 Loss of assets, property- houses, agricultural produce etc 3.3 Loss of livelihood 3.4 Require a RAP 3.5 Loss of cultural sites, graveyards, monuments1 3.6 Disruption of social fabric 3.7 Interference in marriages for local people by workers 3.8 Spread of STIs and HIV and AIDS, due to migrant workers 3.9 Increased incidence of communicable diseases 3.10 Health hazards to workers and communities 3.11 Changes in human settlement patterns 3.12 Conflicts over use of natural resources e.g. water, land, etc 3.13 Conflicts on land ownership 3.14 Disruption of important pathways, roads 3.15 Increased population influx 3.16 Loss of cultural identity 3.17 Loss of income generating capacity OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE SCREENING PROCESS ON THE SITE AND PROJECT ACTIVITY The result of the screening process would be either (i) the proposed project would be permitted to proceed on the site, provided that standard good environmental and social practices are followed during project construction and operation, including the Environmental Rules for Contractors (typically Category C); (ii) the proposed project would need its own specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), but not a separate ESIA; or (iii) the proposed project would need its own ESIA (including an ESMP), with the ESIA subject to review by Malawi’s Environmental Affairs Department. Some examples are provided in the table below: 1NOTE: Sub-projects affecting cultural property negatively will either require specific institutional arrangements to be followed for funding or will not be funded depending on the location of the project 112 The Proposed Project Activity Can Be Exempted The Proposed Project Activity Needs an From ESIA and/or DNPW Requirements On The ESMP and possibly also an ESIA. Following.  Screening indicates that the site of the project  Field appraisals indicate that the project will not be within environmentally–sensitive site is within environmentally –sensitive areas .e.g. protected areas areas, protected areas.  No families will be displaced from the site  Cause adverse socio-economic impacts  Identified impacts are minor, marginal and of  Significant number of people, families little significance will be displaced from site  Mitigation measures for the identified impacts Some of the predicted impacts will be long are well understood and practiced in the area term, complicated, extensive  The stakeholders have adequate practical  appropriate mitigation measures for experiences in natural resource conservation some predicted impacts are not well and management. known in the area Completion by EDO, or EO Completion by Director of Environmental Affairs Is This Project Likely To YES/ NO Date Received : Need An EIA List A/B Paragraph Dated Reviewed by E Numbers Specialist: Date Exempted Dated Reviewed by S Specialist: Date Forwarded To PMT PC Returned for further YES/ NO information Name & Signature of EDO Approved date NOTES: • Once the Environmental and Social Screening Form is completed by the PMT it is analysed by experts from the District Environmental Sub-Committee who will classify it into the appropriate category based on a predetermined criteria and the information provided in the form. • The Environmental and Social Screening Form(ESSF) of the World bank will be filled by the safeguards team in the PMT including the NRMC, where applicable, and signed off by the PC. • All projects’ proponents exempted from further impact assessment must be informed to proceed with other necessary procedures. • All projects recommended for a specific EIA will have to follow the procedures outlined in section 24 and 25 of the Environmental Management Act, and the Malawi Government’s Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment appendix C, page 32. 113 ANNEX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK SCREENING FORM This World Bank ESF Screening Form will be used to determine whether any proposed activity would result in high, substantial, moderate or low environmental or social risks, and whether an ESMP or ESIA is required. If an ESMP or ESIA is required, then it will be provided to the World Bank for review prior to the start of the activity. 1. Activity Brief Description Activity name: Activity Location (include map/sketch): (e.g. WMZ, District, etc.). Type of activity: (e.g. new construction, rehabilitation, periodic maintenance) Estimated Cost: (x) Proposed Date of Commencement of Activity: Site area in ha Extension of or changes to existing alignment Feasibility Study, Technical (circle answer): Yes No Drawing/Specifications Reviewed: This report is to be kept short and concise. 2. Sensitivity of the Project Site Sensitivity Issues Very Low Low Medium High Natural habitats No natural habitats No critical natural Receptor has a limited capacity Critical natural habitats present of any kind habitats or other to accommodate physical or present natural habitats chemical changes or influences Water quality and water Project activities does Water flows exceed Medium intensity of water use; Intensive water use; resource availability and not need use of any existing demand; multiple water users; water multiple water users; use available water low intensity of water quality issues are important potential for conflicts is resource use; potential water high; water quality use conflicts expected issues are important to be low; no potential water quality issues Natural hazards No known Flat terrain; no potential Medium slopes; some erosion Mountainous terrain; vulnerability, floods, soil, volcanic/seismic/ flood stability/erosion potential; medium risks from steep slopes; unstable stability/ erosion risks problems; volcanic/seismic/ flood/ soils; high erosion hurricanes potential; volcanic, seismic or flood risks Cultural Heritage No known or suspected Suspected cultural Known heritage sites in Project Known heritage sites in cultural heritage heritage sites; known area that shall have interaction Project area which can (Tangible and heritage sites in with the project activities be affected by project intangible). broader area of activities. influence 114 Site Sensitivity Issues Very Low Low Medium High Stakeholder engagement The stakeholders are in Stakeholders are in Some of stakeholders are in Stakeholders are not support of the project support of the project agreement with the project well engaged or not in and have been well but do not have not while another group is not. agreement with the engaged. been well engaged proposed project activities 3. Checklist of environmental and social impacts in various project activities Activity Potential for Adverse Impacts None Low Moderate High Unknown New access (road) construction Wet season soil disturbance Potential for debris flows or landslides Sensitive downstream ecosystems Removal of native plant/tree species Introduced plant/tree species Invasion of native species Wildlife habitats or populations disturbed Environmentally sensitive areas disturbed Insufficient capacity to manage catchment ponds Insufficient capacity to prohibit or control open grazing Insufficient capacity to manage new plantations/pastures Use of pesticides Soil erosion or flooding concerns (e.g., due to highly erodible soils or steep gradients) Number of stream crossings or disturbances Wet season excavation Creation of quarry sites or borrow pits Significant vegetation removal Wildlife habitats or populations disturbed Environmentally sensitive areas disturbed Cultural or religious heritage ((Tangible and intangible). New settlement pressures created / Access protection Alteration of existing drainage conditions Vegetation removal Wet season soil disturbance Construction materials impact on adjacent forests/lands Quarries and borrow pits created 115 Cultural or religious sites disturbed Water supply development effects in available supply Effect of sanitation development on existing disposal sites In-migration/settlement induced by facilities development Local incapacity/inexperience to manage facilities Labor influx Other (specify): Preliminary Environmental Information: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. State the source of information available at this stage (proponents report, environmental study, field survey). Has there been litigation or complaints of any environmental nature directed against the proponent or activity Refer to application and/or relevant environmental authority for this information. Identify type of activities and likely environmental impacts: Bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. Which ESF ESS are relevant, and what issues need to be considered? Determine environmental screening category: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. After compiling the above, determine which category the sub-project falls under based on the environmental categories High, Substantial, Moderate or Low. (the highest category will apply Mitigation of Potential Pollution: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. Does the Activity have the potential to pollute the environment, or contravene any environmental laws and regulations? Will the Activity require pesticide use? Does the design adequately detail mitigating measures? If screening identifies environmental issues that require an ESIA or a study, does the proposal include the ESIA or study? Indicate the scope and time frame of any outstanding environmental study. Required Environmental Monitoring Plan: If the screening identifies environmental issues that require long term or intermittent monitoring (effluent, water quality, soil quality, air quality, noise etc), does the proposal detail adequate monitoring requirements? 116 Preliminary Environmental Information: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. Public participation/information requirements: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. Does the proposal require, under national or local laws and the project Stakeholder Engagement Plan, the public to be informed, consulted or involved? Has consultation been completed? Indicate the time frame of any outstanding consultation process. Refer to relevant legislative acts in Uganda. Land and resettlement: Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred Will the project affect access to forest areas and wildlife resources? except where descriptive detail is essential. What is the plot currently being used for? (e.g. agriculture, gardening, etc) List the key resources. Labour influx List outstanding actions to be cleared before Activity approval for financing Approval/rejection Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. If proposal is rejected for E&S reasons, should the activity be reconsidered, and what additional data would be required for reconsideration? Recommendations Requires an ESIA to be submitted on date: Requires addressing livelihoods restoration activities Requires an ESMP to be submitted on date: Does not require further environmental or social studies and activity can proceed Reviewer: Name: Signature: Date: 117 ANNEX 4: INDICATIVE DESIGN FOR IRISH CROSSING 118