DRAFT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT (FEAR) for TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION (T&D) NETWORK In Mammit District Under North Eastern Region Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP) Tranche-1, Mizoram GCI/V/PGCIL/MIZORAM/R1/FEAR/02 Prepared By GREEN CIRCLE, INC., Integrated HSEQR Consulting Engineers, Scientists & Trainers ISO 9001, 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Organization (Ministry of Environment & Forests, India Approved Environmental Laboratory) For POWER AND ELECTRICITY DEPARTMENT OF MIZORAM (PEDM) (Government of Mizoram) FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We express our sincere thanks to the management & employees of M/S Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (POWERGRID) at Mizoram. For their co-operation & unstinted help without which the Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR-II) study of Transmission & Distribution (T&D) sub-projects of Mammit Districts of Mizoram could not have been possible. The courtesy extended to our team is highly appreciated. For: GREEN CIRCLE, INC. AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY DISCLAIMER The consulting services conducted by GREEN CIRCLE, INC. (The “Company”) were performed using generally accepted guidelines, standards, and/or practices, which the Company considers reliable. Although the Company performed its consulting services pursuant to reliable and generally accepted practices in the industry, the Company does not guarantee or provide any representations or warranties with respect to Client’s use, interpretation or application of the findings, conclusions, and/or suggestions of the consulting services provided by the Company. Moreover, the findings, conclusions, and the suggestions resulting from the consulting service are based upon certain assumptions, information, documents, and procedures provided by the Customer. AS SUCH, IN NO EVENT AND UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL THE COMPANY BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST REVENUE OR PROFITS OF THE CUSTOMER OR ITS CUSTOMERS, AGENTS AND DISTRIBUTORS, RESULTING FROM, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY. The Customer agrees that the Company shall have no liability for damages, which may result from Client’s use, interpretation or application of the consulting services provided by the Company. Client’s logo has been used for report purpose only. Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram QUALITY CONTROL SHEET FEAR I - Revision 1 – December 10, 2021 DETAILS OF PROJECT TEAM Sr. Name Description Qualification Relevant No. Experience 1. Mr. Bhupendra Singh Rajpurohit Environment Expert M. Sc. (Environment Science) 11+ 2. Mr. Anil Kumar Lakdawala T&D Expert B. Tech (Electrical Engineering) 50+ 3. Mr. Pradeep Joshi Chief Field Officer M. Sc. (Environment Science) 35+ 4. Mr. Mohit Sharma Field Officer M. Sc. (Environment Science) 2+ 5. Mr. Vishnu Vyshak Field Officer M. Sc. (Environment Science) 2+ 6. Mr. Umesh Kumar Field Officer M. Sc. (Environment Science) 6+ Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram ABBREVIATIONS ADC Autonomous District Council PAPs Project Affected Persons AP Angle Point ASI Archaeological Survey of India CBIS Capacity Building & Institutional Strengthening CEA Central Electricity Authority CPTD Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages CPIU Central Project Implementation Unit dB Decibel DC District Collector DL Distribution Line E&S Environmental and Social EHS Environment, Health & Safety EHV Extra High Voltage EMF Electro Magnetic Field ESMC Environment & Social Management Cell ESPPF Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Framework EMP Environmental Management Plan EP Electric Pole FCA,1980 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 FEAR Final Environment Assessment Report GCC General Conditions of Contract GCI Green Circle Inc GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GOI Government of India GoM Government of Mizoram GRM Grievances Redressal Mechanism GRC Grievance Redressal Committee HFL Highest Flood Level IA Implementing Agency IBA Important Bird Areas IEAR Initial Environmental Assessment Report IP Indigenous People IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MoEF&CC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change NEEPCO North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited LOA Letter of Award NOC No Objection Certificate NER North Eastern Region NERPSIP North Eastern Region Power System Improvement Project NHPC National Hydroelectric Power Corporation O&M Operation & Maintenance OPs Operational Policies PCB Pollution Control Board PCR Physical Cultural Resources PED Power and Electricity Department PIU Project Implementation Unit POWERGRID Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. PPEs Personal Protective Equipment Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram PMU Project Management Unit PTCC Power Telecom Co-ordination Committee RoW Right of Way R&R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RRM Random Rubble Masonry SMF Social Management Framework S/S Substation SPCU State Project Coordination Unit T&D Transmission & Distribution (T&D) TL Transmission Line TT Transmission Tower WB World Bank WEIGHTS & MEASURES GW Giga Watt Km Kilometer kV kilovolt kW kilowatt MVA Megavolt Ampere MW Megawatt Sq.mm. Square millimeter Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Project Background ............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Project Justification ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3 Benefit of the Project .......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Project Highlights ................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Project Scope and Present Study ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.5.1 Project Scope Components: ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.6 Overall Project Progress .................................................................................................................................... 13 1.7 Objective and Study Methodology adopted for FEAR study ............................................................................. 13 1.8 FEAR Structure .................................................................................................................................................. 16 2. BASELINE DATA .................................................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Project Location ................................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.1 Mizoram State .............................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.2 Study Area Districts ....................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Physical Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 19 2.3.1 Climatic Conditions – Mizoram State:........................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Climatic Conditions – Project Districts: ......................................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 Topography – Mizoram State,: ...................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.4 Topography – Project Districts:..................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.5 Landuse Pattern – Mizoram State: ............................................................................................................... 20 2.3.6 Landuse Pattern – Project Districts:.............................................................................................................. 23 2.3.7 Major Rivers – Mizoram State ...................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.8 Major Rivers – Project Districts..................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.9 Wetlands – Mizoram State: .......................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.10 Wetlands – Project Districts ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.11 Soils .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.12 Minerals .................................................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.13 Vulnerability ............................................................................................................................................. 33 2.4 Biological Environment ..................................................................................................................................... 42 2.4.1 Floristics – Mizoram State............................................................................................................................. 42 2.4.2 Biodiversity – Mizoram State ........................................................................................................................ 46 2.4.3 Floristics – Project Districts ........................................................................................................................... 53 2.4.4 Study Area Baseline Data Collection ............................................................................................................. 55 2.4.5 Protected Areas – Mizoram State ................................................................................................................. 57 2.5 Socio Economic Environment ............................................................................................................................ 63 2.5.1 Human and Economic Development – Mizoran State: ................................................................................. 63 2.5.2 Economic Development – Project Districts................................................................................................... 63 2.5.3 Demography – Mizoram State ...................................................................................................................... 64 2.6 Baseline Description of the Subproject areas ................................................................................................... 66 3. POLICY, LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................... 72 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 72 3.2 Constitutional Provisions .................................................................................................................................. 72 3.3 Environmental Provisions ................................................................................................................................. 73 3.4 Social Provisions ................................................................................................................................................ 73 3.5 World Bank Operation Policy ............................................................................................................................ 73 3.6 Necessary Statutory Permission/Licenses/NOC Obtained in the Instant Case ................................................. 81 4. MAJOR FEATURES OF FINAL ROUTE & ENVIRONMENT IMPACT .......................................................................... 82 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 82 4.2 Environmental Criteria for Route Selection ...................................................................................................... 82 Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 4.2.1 Evaluation of Alternative Route Alignment for Proposed Transmission Lines ............................................. 84 4.2.2 Evaluation of Location for Proposed Distribution Line ................................................................................. 84 4.2.3 Evaluation of Location for Proposed Substations ......................................................................................... 85 4.2.4 Change in Scope of Work w.r.t. IEAR ............................................................................................................ 85 4.3 Features and Satellite Images of T&D Lines ...................................................................................................... 85 4.3.1 Transmission Lines (TL) ................................................................................................................................. 85 4.4 Project Impacts ................................................................................................................................................. 91 4.4.1 Impact of Transmission & Distribution Lines ................................................................................................ 92 4.4.2 Impact Due to Construction of New S/S and Bay Extension ......................................................................... 97 4.4.3 Impact on Indigenous People ....................................................................................................................... 97 4.4.4 Summary of Impacts ..................................................................................................................................... 97 5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, THEIR EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT ........................................... 99 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 99 5.2 Impact Due to Project Location and Design ...................................................................................................... 99 5.2.1 Resettlement ................................................................................................................................................ 99 5.2.2 Land value depreciation.............................................................................................................................. 104 5.2.3 Historical/cultural monuments/value......................................................................................................... 104 5.2.4 Encroachment into precious ecological areas ............................................................................................ 104 5.2.5 Lines into other valuable lands ................................................................................................................... 106 5.2.6 Likely Impact of The Project on Buffer Zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve ....................................................... 109 5.2.7 Interference with other utilities and traffic ................................................................................................ 112 5.2.8 Interference with drainage pattern ............................................................................................................ 113 5.3 Environmental Problems Due to Design.......................................................................................................... 113 5.3.1 Escape of polluting materials ...................................................................................................................... 113 5.3.2 Explosion/fire hazards ................................................................................................................................ 115 5.3.3 Erosion hazards due to inadequate provision for resurfacing of exposed area ......................................... 116 5.3.4 Soil erosion and contamination .................................................................................................................. 116 5.3.5 Environmental aesthetics ........................................................................................................................... 116 5.3.6 Noise/vibration Nuisances .......................................................................................................................... 116 5.3.7 Blockage of Wildlife passage ...................................................................................................................... 117 5.4 Environmental Problems during Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 117 5.4.1 Uncontrolled silt runoff .............................................................................................................................. 117 5.4.2 Nuisance to nearby properties ................................................................................................................... 118 5.4.3 Dust emission due to construction activities & vehicular movements ....................................................... 118 5.4.4 Interference with utilities and traffic and blockage of access way ............................................................. 119 5.4.5 Noise generation from construction activities ........................................................................................... 119 5.4.6 Inadequate resurfacing for erosion control ................................................................................................ 120 5.4.7 Inadequate disposition of borrow area ...................................................................................................... 121 5.4.8 Protection of Worker's health/safety ......................................................................................................... 121 5.5 Environmental Problems Resulting from Operation ....................................................................................... 128 5.5.1 O&M Staff/Skills less than acceptable resulting in variety of adverse effects............................................ 128 5.6 Critical Environmental Review Criteria ........................................................................................................... 129 5.6.1 Loss of irreplaceable resources................................................................................................................... 129 5.6.2 Accelerated use of resources for short-term gains .................................................................................... 129 5.6.3 Endangering of species ............................................................................................................................... 129 5.6.4 Promoting undesirable rural-to urban migration ....................................................................................... 130 5.7 Public Consultation ......................................................................................................................................... 130 5.8 Compliance of EMP ......................................................................................................................................... 131 5.9 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................... 154 6. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT & MONITORING ............................................................... 156 6.1 Administrative Arrangement for Project Implementation ............................................................................. 156 6.2 Review of Project Implementation Progress ................................................................................................... 156 6.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring............................................................................................................. 157 6.4 Grievance Redressal Mechanism: ................................................................................................................... 159 6.5 Good practices of project: ............................................................................................................................... 161 7. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 162 Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram List of Tables Table 1-1: State Wise Scope of Work Proposed Under Tranche-1 ............................................................................ 7 Table 1-2: State Wise Funding from World Bank Under Tranche-1 .......................................................................... 8 Table 1-3: Details of project ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 1-4: Project Scope Components..................................................................................................................... 10 Table 1-5: Status of the Project Progress as on Date .............................................................................................. 13 Table 2-1: Land use pattern of State Mizoram ........................................................................................................ 20 Table 2-2: Landuse Pattern of Project District – Lunglei.......................................................................................... 23 Table 2-3: Major Rivers of Mizoram State ............................................................................................................... 24 Table 2-7: Major Rivers Flowing Through Project Districts ..................................................................................... 25 Table 2-5: Wetland Details – Mizoram State ........................................................................................................... 26 Table 2-6: Wetland Details – Mammit District ........................................................................................................ 26 Table 2-9: Hazard Classification of Project Districts ................................................................................................ 39 Table 2-8: Forest Area Classification – Mizoram State ............................................................................................ 43 Table 2-9: Forest Canopy Cover – Mizoram State ................................................................................................... 43 Table 2-10: Forest Area Classification – Mizoram State .......................................................................................... 43 Table 2-11: Details of forests in Mizoram ................................................................................................................ 46 Table 2-12: Shannon-Wiener Index of Tree, Shrub and Herb species in different Type Groups of Mizoram ......... 46 Table 2-13: Invasive species recorded from Project Area and uses ........................................................................ 52 Table 2-14: Forest Area Classification– Project Districts ......................................................................................... 53 Table 2-15: Forest Canopy Cover – Project Districts ............................................................................................... 53 Table 2-16: Transmission Lines and Transects Locations for Vegetation Sampling................................................. 55 Table 2-17: PA of Mizoram State ............................................................................................................................. 58 Table 2-18: Demography details of Mizoram .......................................................................................................... 64 Table 2-19: Demography details of Project District ................................................................................................. 65 Table 2-20: Occupational Pattern of Project Districts ............................................................................................. 65 Table 2-21: Main Worker Profile of Project Districts ............................................................................................... 65 Table 2-22: Baseline Environmental Settings of Substation Locations .................................................................... 67 Table 3-1: Environmental Provisions ....................................................................................................................... 74 Table 3-2: Social Provisions ..................................................................................................................................... 76 Table 3-3: World Bank Operational Policy ............................................................................................................... 79 Table 4-1: Change in Scope of Work w.r.t IEAR ....................................................................................................... 85 Table 4-2: Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV S/C line on D/C tower (to be charged at 33 KV) ......................................... 86 Table 4-3: Type and Land Use within RoW of West Phaileng – Marpara 132kV S/C TL .......................................... 95 Table 4-4: Estimation of Actual Land Loss Because of Tower Base ......................................................................... 96 Table 4-5: Status of Land Compensation in FEAR I - (details of line wise land compensation status ...................... 96 Table 4-6: Loss of Crop Area in TL Sections ............................................................................................................. 96 Table 4-7: Status of Tree/Crop Compensation in FEAR I - (details of line wise land compensation status ............. 96 Table 4-8: Summary of Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 98 Table 5-1: RoW Width & Clearance between Conductors and Trees ...................................................................... 99 Table 5-2: Erosion Control / Slope Protection Work ............................................................................................. 120 Table 5-3: Compliance of EMP ............................................................................................................................... 132 Table 6-1: Summary Budget Estimate ................................................................................................................... 159 Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram List of Figures Figure 1-1: Power Map of Mizoram ......................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 1-2: Schematic Map Showing Proposed T&D network in Lunglai & Lawngtlai Districts of Mizoram State under NERPSIP ................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 1-3: Study Methodology for Preparation of FEAR ........................................................................................ 14 Figure 2-1: Forest Cover of Mizoram State .............................................................................................................. 44 Figure 2-2: Forest Cover Inside and Outside RFA .................................................................................................... 44 Figure 4-1: Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footing .................................................................................. 93 Figure 4-2: 33 kV Lines (Single & H Pole) Depicting Base Area Impact .................................................................... 94 Figure 5-1: Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footings Showing Actual Ground Position and Extent of Impact 100 Figure 5-2: Schematic Diagram for Indicating Area of Influence/Impact for 132 KV D/C TL ................................. 101 Figure 5-3: 132 kV TL depicting actual position along with RoW in Undulating terrain and extent of damage .... 102 Figure 5-4: 132 kV Tower Base (TL) Showing Impact on Agricultural Land and Crop ............................................ 103 Figure 5-5: 33 kV DLs Depicting Base Area Impact ................................................................................................ 104 Figure 5-6: Tree Failing Pattern ............................................................................................................................. 107 Figure 5-7: Example of Pole Erection where tree is Prevented from Cutting ........................................................ 108 Figure 5-8: Erosion Control Measures ................................................................................................................... 120 Figure 5-9: Precautions Taken by the Contractor for Health and Safety of Workers ............................................ 124 Figure 6-1: Implementation Arrangement for E&S Management by PEDM ......................................................... 160 Green Circle Inc. ix FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram List of Maps Map 2-1: Location Map of the Project ..................................................................................................................... 17 Map 2-2: Topo Map Showing Subprojects Locations .............................................................................................. 18 Map 2-3: Land use Map of State Mizoram .............................................................................................................. 21 Map 2-4: Land use Map of Project District - Mammit ............................................................................................. 23 Map 2-5: River Map of Mizoram State with Project Districts .................................................................................. 27 Map 2-6: River Map of Mammit Project District ..................................................................................................... 28 Map 2-7: Wetland Map of Mizoram State ............................................................................................................... 29 Map 2-8: Wetland Map of Mammit District ............................................................................................................ 30 Map 2-9: Soil Map of Mizoram State with Project Districts .................................................................................... 32 Map 2-10: Seismic Hazard Map of Mizoram ........................................................................................................... 36 Map 2-11: Landslide Hazard Map of Mizoram ........................................................................................................ 37 Map 2-12: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of Mizoram .......................................................................................... 38 Map 2-13: Flood Hazard Map of Mizoram .............................................................................................................. 40 Map 2-14: Forest Fire and Urban Fire Hazard Map of Mizoram ............................................................................. 41 Map 2-15: Forest Map of Mizoram State ................................................................................................................ 45 Map 2-16: Forest Classification Map, Mammit District ........................................................................................... 54 Map 2-17: Map of PA (Eco sensitive zones) of Mizoram ......................................................................................... 59 Map 2-18: Map of PA (Eco sensitive zones) of Mizoram FEAR Project Lines .......................................................... 60 Map 2-19: FEAR 2– Subprojects and PAs ................................................................................................................. 61 Map 2-20: FEAR 2– DTR and FEAR 2 LIne ................................................................................................................ 62 Map 2-21: Google Maps of S/S Before and After Construction Work Showing Status ........................................... 68 Map 4-1: Google Earth Alignment Map for West Phaileng - Marpara 132 kV S/C TL ............................................. 87 Green Circle Inc. x FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram List of Enclosures Sr. Title/Name Description No. Annexure 1. Annexure -1 Power map of Mizoram 2. Annexure- 2 Schematic Map Showing T&D Network, Mizoram 3. Annexure- 3 West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV SC line Alternative Analysis 4. Annexure- 4 Different NOCs obtained from Authorities 5. Annexure -5 Wildlife Mitigation plan 6. Annexure -6 Guidelines for felling of trees in Non-Forest area in Mizoram 7. Annexure -7 Mop guidelines dated 15th oct.’15 for payment of compensation for TL 8. Annexure -8 Letter Issued to PEDM regarding Compensation through MOP Guidelines 9. Annexure -9 PEDM intimated POWERGRID Regarding Compensation through MOP Guidelines 10. Annexure -10 POWERGRID Modalities for Payment of Compensation in Mizoram 11. Annexure -11 Land Compensation Details 12. Annexure -12 Sample Copy Tree Crop Compensation Notices 13. Annexure -13 Budget Estimate towards Tree, crop, forest tower footing compensation 14. Annexure -14 Drawings of GA, RRM Wall, Pretension Wall, Boundary Wall 15. Annexure -15 Fire Fighting System at S/S 16. Annexure -16 Provision of Bird Guard and Anti Perch 17. Annexure -17 Safety Plan and conditions in contract document 18. Annexure -18 Labor License Copy 19. Annexure -19 Safety Checklist 20. Annexure -20 Letter Issued to EPC contractor for non Compliance of HSE Measures 21. Annexure -21 Details of GRC Annexure A – GIS Route Survey Maps 22. Annexure A-1 132 kV D/C West Phaileng - Marpara TL Annexure B – Details of Land Use 23. Annexure B-1 132 kV D/C West Phaileng - Marpara TL Appendix 24. Appendix - A Environmental Baseline 25. Appendix - B Public Consultation 26. Appendix - C Tower Schedule Green Circle Inc. xi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Eastern Region Power Supply Improvement Project (NERPSIP) is a World Bank (WB) funded project aimed at improving the impoverished power transmission and distribution (T&D) system in the North Eastern states of India, which is being implemented by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (POWERGRID), the single transmission utility of the country as the implementing agency (IA). Although the present T&D system covers many areas of the State, it is inadequate in its reach and due to non-availability of redundant T&D system, breakdown of any transmission system element results in long term power shortages making the system highly unreliable. The present Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR) I is for the part of priority works of strengthening of T&D System under Tranche-1 of NERSIP in Mammit district of Mizoram State. FEAR 2 is associated with the construction of 2 nos 132/33kV Transmission Lines (TLs), 1 no of 33 kV Distribution Lines (DL), and 2 No. of 132/33 kV transmission substation (S/S). FEAR is undertaken to verify the actual location details of the project elements, identify possible environmental and social issues, to report any effects on the biodiversity of the region / protected area (PA), identification of the project affected people (PAP) and to assess the compliance of the Initial Environmental Assessment Report (IEAR) / Environment Management Plan (EMP) prepared and submitted by the IA. The elements / scope of the FEAR II include: Transmission Lines (TL) ➢ West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV S/C line on D/C tower (to be charged at 33 KV) – 50.265 km Distribution Lines (DL) ➢ Bay connection between Existing West Phaileng 33/11 kV substation– 100 mt Situated in the NE part of India, Mizoram covers geographical area of 21,081 sq km, which is 0.64% of the geographical area of the country. The State lies between 21°56'N to 24°31'N latitude and 92°16'E to 93°26'E longitude and shares borders with Mizoram in the west, Assam and Manipur in the north. Mizoram also shares international border with Myanmar on the east and Bangladesh in the south and west. Physiographically, the State is comprised of rugged, steep hill ranges and interspersed valleys. The State has a climate ranging from moist tropical to moist sub-tropical. The annual rainfall ranges between 2,100 mm to 3,500 mm and the annual temperature during winter, 11°C to 24°C and in summer between 18°C to 29°C. It rains heavily from May to September. The State has 8 districts, all of which are tribal and hill districts. As per the 2011 census, Mizoram has a population of 1.09 million which is 0.09% of India's population. The rural and urban population constitute 47.89% and 52.11% respectively. The tribal population of the State is 94.43%. The population density of the State is 52 / sq km which is much lower than the national average. The State has rich flora and fauna including many rare and endemic species of plants and animals. Amongst all the States, Mizoram has the highest area under forest cover in terms of percentage of geographical area. The forests of the State are under a three tier management viz those owned and controlled by the State, district councils and village councils. Green Circle Inc. 1 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram The eastern fringes of the State bordering Chin Hills of Myanmar are higher in elevation and fall under Montane subtropical pine forests. This area is relatively cooler and experiences less annual precipitation. The common species of montane sub-tropical pine forests include Pinus kesiya, Quercus spp, Castanopsis spp, Schima wallichii, Rhododendron arboreum, Rhus semialata etc. Mizoram is one of the leading producers of bamboo in India supplying 14% of the country's commercial bamboo. Recorded Forest area (RFA) refers to all lands more than one hectare in area with a tree canopy of more than 10 % irrespective of land use, ownership and legal status. It may include even orchards, bamboo, palm, etc. The term RFA also refers to all the geographic areas recorded as ‘Forests’ in government records. RFA largely consists of Reserved Forests (RF), Protected Forests (PF) and Unclassified Forest Area (UCF), which have been constituted under the provisions of Indian Forest Act 1927 and 1980. RFA in the State is 5641 sq km of which 4483 sq km is RF and 1,158 sq km is UCF. Two National Parks and eight Wildlife Sanctuaries constitute the Protected Area (PA) network of the State covering 5.89% of its geographical area. Based on the interpretation of IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS III satellite data of the period Dec 2017 to February 2018, the Forest Canopy Cover in the State is 18,005.51 sq. km. which is 85.41% of the State's geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the State has 157.05 sq km under Very Dense Forest (VDF), 5,800.75 sq km under Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) and 12,047.71 sq km under Open Forest (OF). Forest Cover in the State has decreased by 180.49 sq km in 2019 as compared to the previous assessment reported in ISFR 2017. Mizoram is a land of rolling hills, valleys, rivers and lakes. As many as 21 major hill ranges or peaks of different heights run through the length and breadth of the state, with plains scattered here and there. The average height of the hills to the west of the state are about 1,000 meters (3,300 ft). These gradually rise up to 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) to the east. Some areas, however, have higher ranges which go up to a height of over 2,000 meters (6,600 ft). Phawngpui Tlang also known as the Blue Mountain, situated in the south-eastern part of the state, is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2,210 meters (7,250 ft). The terrain of the project districts is almost rolling hill and slopy through which the TL / DL are crossing and Substations (S/S) are planned. Since, the towers/poles for the proposed T&D lines are to be constructed mostly in hilly area and due care is being taken to control erosion. Due to terrain at some points towers/poles which are placed / planned to placed on slopes and erosion prone soils, internationally accepted engineering practices including bio-engineering techniques, wherever, feasible are being undertaken to prevent soil erosion. This has included cutting and filling slopes wherever necessary. The back cut slopes and downhill slopes are treated with revetments. Wherever sites are affected by active erosion or landslides, both biological and engineering treatment are carried out, e.g. provision of breast walls and retaining walls, and sowing soil binding grasses around the site. Further, construction is generally undertaken in dry/non-monsoon period. The proposed project activities include the detailed survey for finalizing the route alignment, and installation of TL and DL and construction of S/S (civil and electrical installation). Lattice poles are then being erected on designated places using normal excavation and foundations thereafter conductors are strung across these using manual/stringing machines. The construction of S/S is regular civil works for small buildings. The electrical installations consist of the transformers, breakers, capacitors etc. and other protection/controlling devices to ensure required power flow. Green Circle Inc. 2 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram The land use along the RoW (27 m for 132 kV) of TL comprises of forest plantation, orange plantation, open forest and bamboo forest, private plantation and government land. The total length of the project TLs is 50.265 km and total number of 174 towers are being/to be erected for the proposed TL. There is no change in TL length from the earlier length of TL in IEAR. As a result, the environmental and social footprints have been reduced as envisaged in IEAR by avoiding the environmental sensitive areas like habitation, PA and Forest area. Total RFA in Mammit District is 1599.13 Sq. Km which is 53% of total Geographical area. Total forest cover in terms of canopy cover in the project district i.e., Mammit is 2716.87 sq km, which is 90 % of the project district’s geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the project districts have 52.02 sq km under VDF, 757.8 sq km under MDF and 1907.05 sq km under OF. The final layout of TLs has been carefully selected from three given options. Final routes of TL and DL and sites for construction of new S/S don’t involve any monuments of historical or cultural significance. It is clear from the FEAR studies that the project area is rich in natural forest resources and biodiversity values. Though careful route selection could avoid the virgin forest and core wildlife habitat of Dampa Tiger Reserve but in spite of taking all precautions involvement of some buffer area of DTR couldn’t be achieved completely due to geographical constraint and location of substations/load centers. The route 132/33 kV West Phaileng to Marpara TL after meticulous planning and ground study is passing through Buffer zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve. Thus, the minimum loss of forest & biodiversity upto great extent is achieved. Total 104.77 Ha of RF of buffer zone of Dampa Tiger reserve is needed to be diverted for the construction of line under NERSIP scheme. Accordingly, Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. Apart from this, biodiversity assessment studies have been also carried out to integrate site specific mitigation measures on ground during actual execution of the project. The proposed intervention entails possible positive as well as negative impacts. Also, with implementation of various management measures as listed in EMP and Biodiversity Report along with the recommendations and specific conditions in Forest clearance obtained, it is envisaged that intensity of possible impacts are nullified to the extent possible. Since, the subject project area experiences acute shortage of power, the project will directly benefit the locals in meeting their energy needs. The infrastructural constraints are very real and pose a limiting factor on the development of the area. The availability of power will also strengthen the basic infrastructure in the area, which is essential for development of the area. Thus, project in long run will bring much needed development in the area and significantly improve living standard of the locals. The area of land required for S/S is ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 Acres. In the instant case land required for S/S are already in possession with Power and Electricity Department of Mizoram (PEDM) and hence no fresh land is needed to be acquired. Since no involuntary acquisition is involved, issue related to acquisition of land including possible R&R is not envisaged. The infrastructure facilitates required for the construction and maintenance of S/S like access road, water, transport facility is well available. Hence no new infrastructure demand is envisaged. The present project requires very less vehicular movement and that too restricted to construction period only. During site survey it is observed that project execution is not resulted into large traffic volume in the area. During the site selection and detailed survey of TL and DL, it has been ensured that these are kept away from oil/gas pipelines and other sites with potential for creating explosions or fires. The equipment installed on lines and S/S are static in nature and do not generate any fumes or waste materials. Apart from this, state of art safety instruments, fire safety equipment and Green Circle Inc. 3 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram firefighting design have been included in the design in the S/S on both the ends, so that, the line gets tripped within milliseconds in case of any fault. The lines proposed under this scheme don’t involve any tower/ pole to be placed in river bed which could interfere with existing drainage patterns. The TL and DL are planned at suitable elevation to avoid any chances of impacts due to flood like situation. All the S/S subproject areas are located at such places where least chances of flooding are observed. However, adequate measures are taken into consideration from design stage to implement the flood, erosion protection measures like construction of retaining wall, boundary wall along with sewerage system. The S/S are designed and constructed at suitable elevation from the ground / flood levels and proper storm water drainage system is implemented. In S/S, all drainage channels along or inside S/S are being trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion due to uncontrolled flow of water. This will help to dispose of the storm water collected in the S/S premises, further creating recharge or percolation pits which will help to recharge the ground water table. Almost all S/S are provided with recharge pits. All these mandatory requirements with detailed specifications with respect to equipment design and S/S drainage and sewage design has been included in tender document to avoid any incidence of land and water contamination. While construction, utmost care was taken to prevent tree felling, mostly, trees were trimmed to carry out work as far as possible. However, in unavoidable situation, in case of trees cutting in forest area, compensatory afforestation on two times the area of degraded forest land is being undertaken by State Forest department subsequently the stipulated conditions recommended in Forest clearances obtained under FCA 1980 and is in implementation process. Tree cutting in non-forest areas are executed strictly under the provisions Electricity Act, 2003/ Indian Telegraph Act, 1885. Also, in Mizoram state supreme court has issued the Guidelines for felling of trees from non-forest areas (Issued in compliance of Supreme Court Order 2004). For felling and conservation of trees species from non-forest area, tree cutting NOC from Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) is required. No felling permission from Forest Department under these guidelines are needed for the species like Aam (Mangifera indica), Jamun Syzium cumini), Kothal (Arctocarpus), all species of Bamboo, Leteku, Paniol and Madhunam as per these guidelines. PEDM pays compensation to affected land owners towards damages and/or utilization of their land for tower footing if any during implementation of transmission project as well as during operation and maintenance phase under this act. For the true value assessment of timber yielding trees, due concern of forest officials is taken and for fruit bearing trees help of Horticulture department is taken. As per existing law, land for tower/pole & ROW is not acquired and ownership of land remains with the owner and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after construction is over. The project has obtained required clearances from Railway Department, Department of Telecommunications, Department of Defence and the Ministry of Aviation. During visit to site, it has been observed that excavated pits and all accident-prone areas are appropriately barricaded for safety. All safety measures are in place to avoid fire / explosion hazards. Excavated material from S/S sites are well stored on site and reutilized for levelling and backfilling following C&D Rules 2016 of GoI. Construction management practice has helped in to reduce the soil erosion. No surplus excavated material dumping from S/S site to outside premises is envisaged. Tower footings, pole footings involve very small-scale excavation which is reutilized for backfilling. Impact envisaged during the construction is limited to the boundaries of proposed S/S only. Construction and operation of S/S may raise Ground Noise levels. However, measures like providing sound and vibration dampers and rectification of equipment are undertaken. Environmental quality for Noise and Water is being Green Circle Inc. 4 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram regularly monitored at S/S locations by construction contractor. Noise levels are observed below the maximum allowable limit which is 90db for 8 hours in the working area. Also, the water quality is observed to be suitable for drinking purpose. Necessary care is taken by the contractor for workers health and safety and issues relating to operational health and safety have also been adequately addressed. The labours are provided with PPE kits, safety gear and provisions for first-aid and arrangement for shifting of affected persons to nearby hospitals are also in place. Compensation for injury and death has been ensured through provisions in Safety Plan & Contract condition. Proper sanitation facilities and safe drinking water are being provided in the project locations. The site managers have been advised to ensure that there are no instances of open defecation. The monitoring committee i.e., IA of this project is very vigilant. It has been observed that concerns of public are addressed/informed regularly about project through public consultation process which started from project planning, continued in the construction period and will be continued in operation and maintenance also. As per record available, no written complaint or court case is registered against any of the sub projects. It has been observed from surveys, public meetings and discussion with PAP, that they are appreciating the efforts taken by both the government and funding agencies to improve power network of that area. Local people believe that this project will enhance their quality of life, as well as this project, will help them to get new income sources in near future like the engagement of skilled and semiskilled people in the T&D subprojects from the local areas. Overall, the planning and layout of the project elements have been undertaken in a judicious manner so as to ensure minimum environmental impact. During the implementation phase, especially during construction phase, IA is regularly monitoring the implementation of EMP and OHS compliance with reference to the IEAR. The Capacity building and Institutional Strengthening program of the IA is held intermittently to enhance the skills of the project officials. Further, meetings between IA and PEDM are held on a regular basis to assess the work progress and difficulties encountered in respect of land / tree / crop compensation if any. Construction on sites of subprojects is under progress. Our observations from site inspections are concluded that the EMP is being implemented on-site at major. Regular monitoring of work progress is being carried out. However, the details should be maintained and submitted regularly to IA. The FEAR provides insight on possible environmental & social issues and also describes management measures to minimize/mitigate it based on PEDM’s Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures Framework (ESPPF). The present report describes the environmental issues/effects that have been encountered or may arise due to setting up this project in the state of Mizoram and various mitigation measures are being taken care of by POWERGRID during construction and maintenance stages. However regular monitoring and compliance report are recommended to compare the EMP implementation progress periodically and shortcomings if any. This can be a part of the monthly progress report. Green Circle Inc. 5 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Project Background India's North East Region (NER) stretches across the eastern foothills of the Himalayan Mountain range and is comprised of seven states including Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Mizoram. NER in India is endowed with rich energy resources but faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability levels. The per capita power consumption in NER is one-third of the national average. No significant generation capacity has been added between 2004 and 2011 as a result of which inadequate power supply remains a critical constraint to sustainable and inclusive growth, and to scaling up private investment and economic competitiveness in the NER. The power-starved NER, comprising Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, is blessed with a huge hydro potential. The region also has abundant resource of coal, oil and gas for thermal power generation. According to the estimates of the North Eastern Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO), the NER has the potential of about 58971 MW hydro power i.e., almost 40% of the country’s total hydro potential; but out of this only less than 2% (1095MW) has so far been harnessed. As per the report status of hydroelectric power potential listed by Central Electricity Authority (CEA) out of the total capacity of 58971MW, only 4029 MW has been tapped, which amounts to less than 7%. The region has a reserve of 151.68 billion cubic feet natural gas, which is capable of generating 7500 MW for 10 years. The region is also blessed with 864.78 million tons of coal against 186 billion tons of reserves in the country. With this reserve in the NE Region, approximately 240 MW/day can be generated for a period of 100 years. But, in spite of such huge potential, the region ranks lowest in the country in terms of power generation and per capita energy consumption mainly due to lack of proper planning, inhospitable climatic conditions, remote location and inaccessibility. However, with continual improvement of infrastructure and communication facilities, the NE stands to become the power house of India by utilizing its surplus power potential, especially in hydel sector. The region offers a large potential in renewable energy, which is also yet to be exploited. There is also an imbalance between hydel and thermal power, both in terms of generation and availability. The T&D sector are the weakest link of the electricity industry in the NER. Huge T&D losses, estimated to be at over 40 %, lower tariffs as compared to costs of generation and transmission and mounting losses of the state electricity boards, are crippling the electricity sector of the region. The road-map for development of power sector specifying the need for strengthening of overall Transmission, Sub-transmission system of NER and Sikkim was brought out in the “Pasighat Proclamation on Power” released during the first Sectoral Summit of North Eastern Council (NEC) at Pasighat in Arunachal Pradesh in January 2007. Pursuant to recommendations of Pasighat summit, a Sub-Group was constituted under the Chairmanship of Member (Power System), CEA on Transmission, Sub-transmission related issues in NER. Recognizing that intrastate T&D systems in the NER states have remained very weak and that there is a critical need to improve the performance of these networks, the CEA developed a comprehensive scheme in December 2007 for the NER in consultation with POWERGRID and the concerned state governments. This scheme is intended to (a) augment the existing T&D infrastructure to improve the reliability of service delivery across all the NER states and (b) build institutional capacity of the power utilities and departments in the NER. This scheme is Green Circle Inc. 6 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram part of the Government of India’s (GoI) wider efforts to develop energy resources in the NER for electricity supply within the region, to strengthen transmission networks, expand and strengthen sub-transmission systems, and extend last mile electricity connectivity to household. GoI with the financial assistance of the World Bank (WB) has planned a composite scheme viz. NERPSIP to create/augment robust intrastate infrastructure/network of T&D in the region. The scheme covers six NER States (Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland & Mizoram) to create a robust power network by improving the intra-state T&D (33kV and above) network with required capacity building initiatives for effective utilization of assets. In 2016, the WB has approved a loan (IBRD 470 USD Million) to the GoI for NERPSIP on 50:50 (WB loan: Gol) basis except the component of capacity building for Rs. 89 crore, which GoI will bear entirely. The scheme is to be taken up under a new Central Sector Plan Scheme of Ministry of Power (MoP). MoP, GoI has appointed POWERGRID as Implementing Agency (IA) to six NER States for the said project under Tranche-1 in close coordination with the respective State Governments / Utilities. However, the ownership of the assets shall be with the respective State Utilities / State Government which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of assets. POWERGRID is also facilitating in building the institutional capacity of the state departments and utilities to continue managing the rehabilitated networks in an efficient manner. The state wise scope of works proposed under Tranche-1 is given below in Table 1-1. Table 1-1: State Wise Scope of Work Proposed Under Tranche-1 State Transmission/ Sub-station Distribution (33kV) (132kV & above) Line (km) New S/s Total MVA Line (km) New S/s Total MVA (No.) (New & Aug.) (No.) (New & Aug.) Assam 233 11 1644 479 16 240 Manipur 254 2 160 131 13 229.4 Meghalaya 225 4 940 263 11 135 Mizoram 143 3 125 5 1 6.3 Nagaland 193 5 245 60 10 200 Tripura 261 9 1306.5 1096 34 450.5 Total 1309 34 4420.5 2034 85 1261.2 The project has two components namely Component A: Priority Investments for Strengthening Intrastate Transmission, Sub-transmission, and Distribution Systems, and Component B: Technical Assistance for Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening (CBIS) of Power Utilities and Departments of Participating States. The total project cost is Rs. 5111.33 Crore with financing from both GoI and Bank on 50:50 basis. The Bank is providing financial support to the tune of US$ 470 million (Rs. 2511.165 Crore) under the Loan No.-8631-IN which was signed on 28th November, 2016 and became effective from 20th February, 2017. The loan closing date is 31st March, 2023. The remaining financing including capacity building will be met through Govt. of India funding. Details of State wise funding is placed below in Table 1.2. Green Circle Inc. 7 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 1-2: State Wise Funding from World Bank Under Tranche-1 State World Bank Government of India Total Project Cost Project Cost Capacity Building (Rs. in Cr.) (Rs. in Cr.) (Rs. in Cr.) (Rs. in Cr.) Assam 729.485 729.485 14.83 1473.803 Manipur 213.690 213.690 14.83 442.213 Meghalaya 381.050 381.050 14.83 776.933 Mizoram 150.965 150.965 14.83 316.763 Nagaland 357.290 357.290 14.83 729.413 Tripura 678.685 678.685 14.83 1372.203 Total 2511.165 2511.165 89.00 5111.33 1.2 Project Justification The state of Mizoram is spread over an area of about 210811 sq. km with a population of more than 1.09 million. The present per capita energy consumption is of the order of 377 units (kWh) against the regional per capita consumption of about 258 units and national per capita consumption of about 779 units. The state meets its power requirement through about 49 MW of self-generation and about 66 MW of power allocation from various central sector generation projects of NHPC and NEEPCO. The present demand (met) is of the order of 75 MW whereas the un-restricted demand is about 85 MW. As most of the generation projects in the north eastern region are hydro in nature, the state faces shortage of power during low-hydro generation condition. Presently, the State draws its share of power from central sector generating stations through following inter-state transmission system (ISTS): ➢ Aizawal(POWERGID) – Zemabawk(Mizoram) 132kV D/C line ➢ Badarpur (POWERGRID) – Kolasib (Mizoram) – Aizawal (PG) 132kV S/C ISTS As per the 18th Electric Power Survey of CEA, the future demand of the State is expected to grow to about 340 MW by year 2016-17 and 472 MW by year 2021-22. This shall be met through various hydro and thermal projects coming up in the north-eastern region in near future, which are as follows: ➢ Pallatana GBPP : 726 MW ➢ Bongaigaon TPS : 750 MW ➢ Kameng HEP : 600 MW ➢ Lower Subansiri HEP : 2000 MW The state has a share of about 90 MW from these future generation schemes. With this, the total share of the state from central sector generating stations shall be about 156 MW. A 400 kV interconnection (initially operated at 132 kV level) has been planned to transfer power from these future generation schemes to the state of Mizoram, which is as below: ➢ Silchar (POWERGRID) – Melriat (POWERGRID) 400 kV D/C line (initially operated at 132 kV) - under construction ➢ Melriat (POWERGRID) – Simhui (Mizoram) 132 kV D/C line ➢ LILO of one ckt. of Aizawal (POWERGRID) – Zemabawk (Mizoram) 132kV D/C line at Melriat (PG) The present intra-state transmission system of the State is quite old & weak and is unable to cater to the growing power requirements of the State. Although the present T&D system covers 1 Mizoram.gov.in Green Circle Inc. 8 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram many areas of the State, it is inadequate in its reach and appropriate T&D system. Breakdown of any transmission system element results in long term power shortages making the system highly unreliable. Besides, some of the network elements have undergone long term outage due to break-down. Therefore, it has become essential to address the above situation through remedial measures in the T&D system. Accordingly, phase-wise strengthening of T&D system has been proposed. The transmission schemes proposed under this report are priority schemes under Tranche-1 and are essential for improving the power supply situation in the State. Implementation of these schemes will improve quality, reliability, security and enhancement of the power supply in the State. 1.3 Benefit of the Project The proposed T&D schemes not only improve overall power supply situation but also improve reliability, quality, security and enhancement of power supply in the State. 1.4 Project Highlights Table 1-3: Details of project Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Project Name NER Power System Improvement Project (NERSPIP)-Tranche- I, Mizoram 2 Location Different parts of Mizoram State 3 Beneficiary States Mizoram 4 Project Cost Rs.316.76 Crores 5 Commissioning Schedule 2019 1.5 Project Scope and Present Study In line with Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Framework (ESPPF) of Power and Electricity Department, Govt. of Mizoram (PEDM), POWERGRID carried out comprehensive environment and social assessment of each subproject and prepared Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR). These reports were subsequently disclosed for public information both on the State Utility, POWERGRID and Bank website after obtaining clearance from the WB. As mandated in the ESPPF, a Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR) for each subproject need to be prepared with an objective to assess the compliance of mitigation measures identified in IEAR including implementation of EMP provisions by IA/ Contractor. However, as per Project Agreement signed between POWERGRID and WB such study is required to be undertaken by Independent Agencies as per Term of Reference (TOR) agreed with WB. As a part of this development, POWERGRID appointed GREEN CIRCLE, INC as independent consultant vide LOA Ref No.: NEGW/C&M/NERPSIP/18-19/700-14/LOA-51/468 dated 31st December 2018 to carry out FEAR study. 1.5.1 Project Scope Components: FEAR is undertaken to verify the actual location details of the project elements like 132/33 kV TL, 33/11 kV DL and associated S/S in Mammit district of Mizoram State covered under NERPSIP. The scope covered is identification and examination of deviation of environmental and social issues as addressed in IEAR, reporting of effects on the biodiversity of the region / PA, identification of the project affected people (PAP) and assessment of onsite compliance of the Initial Environmental Assessment Report (IEAR) / Environment Management Plan (EMP) Green Circle Inc. 9 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram prepared and submitted by the IA. The study is carried out adhering to ESPPF of PEDM, Operation Policies of WB designated for Electric Power T&D projects. Refer Table No. 1.4 for the project scope components. Table 1-4: Project Scope Components Sr. No. Name of the Line Name of the New / Existing S/S A. TRANSMISSION SCHEME 1 West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV S/C line on D/C tower Establishment of 2 x 12.5 MVA, 132/33 kV (to be charged at 33 KV) - approx. 50.265 km new substation at West Phaileng Establishment of 2 x 12.5 MVA, 132/33 kV new substation at Marpara B. DISTRIBUTION SCHEME 1 Bay connection between Existing West Phaileng 33/11 -- kV substation with proposed West Phaileng 132/33 kV substation – approx. 100 meter The project activities include the survey for finalizing the route alignment and installation of TL and construction of S/S (civil and electrical installation). Lattice towers/ poles are then erected on designated places using normal excavation and foundations thereafter conductors are strung across these using manual/stringing machines. The construction of S/S is regular civil works for small buildings. The electrical installations consist of the transformers, breakers, capacitors etc. and other protection/controlling devices to ensure required power flow. A power map showing the transmission grid of Mizoram highlighting the above lines and other new projects placed as Figure 1-1 and Annexure 1. Schematic map showing the various projects covered under the subject FEAR is placed in Figure 1-2 and Annexure 2. Green Circle Inc. 10 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 1-1: Power Map of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 11 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 1-2: Schematic Map Showing Proposed T&D network in Lunglai & Lawngtlai Districts of Mizoram State under NERPSIP Green Circle Inc. 12 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 1.6 Overall Project Progress A brief status on project implementation progress of various T&D components till May 2021 is presented below; Table 1-5: Status of the Project Progress as on Date Sr. No. Name of the T&D Component Progress as on May, 2021 A. TRANSMISSION SCHEME: AGENCY – M/s Sterling and Wilson Pvt Ltd 1 West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV S/C line on D/C tower (to be charged at 33 KV) TL Length: 50.265 Km • Total Number of Tower foundation and Tower Erection (99): Yet to Commence • Forest NOC Obtained: Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. Total 46 towers are coming in Buffer zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve • Stringing of Conductor, Stringing of OPGW: Yet to Commence • Expected Completion Date: December 2022 B. SUBSTATIONS: AGENCY – KSA Powerinfra Pvt Ltd 1 Establishment of 2 x 12.5 MVA, 132/33 kV new substation at West Phaileng • Site levelling works completed • CRB construction is under progress • Retaining Wall construction is under progress • Boundary wall construction work under progress. • Transformer foundation work for 2 nos. is completed • Transformer erection is completed • Equipment foundation of total 75 number is completed. • Total 75 Equipment erection amongst 75 is completed. • Tower / LM foundation for total 28 numbers is completed. • 31nos tower Structure Erection completed amongst 32. • Cable trench of total 162 RM is completed except cover slab. • Testing and commissioning are not started yet. • Expected Completion of work on site: December 2022 2 Establishment of 2 x 12.5 MVA, 132/33 kV new substation at Marpara • Site levelling works completed • CRB construction is Completed • Retaining Wall construction is under progress • Boundary wall construction work under progress. • Transformer foundation work for 2 nos. is completed • Transformer erection is completed • Equipment foundation of total 86 number is completed. • Total 86 Equipment erection amongst 75 is completed. • Tower / LM foundation for total 28 numbers is completed. • 28 nos tower Structure Erection completed amongst 28. • Cable trench of total 100 RM is completed except cover slab. • Testing and commissioning are not started yet. • Expected Completion of work on site: December 2022 1.7 Objective and Study Methodology adopted for FEAR study The main objectives of the FEAR study are to assess the mitigative measures as suggested in IEAR and/or EMP are effectively implemented/ addressed at the ground during pre- construction & construction stages of project cycles. The study will also help in establishing the status of compliance of various mitigation/management measures provided in the IEAR/EMP and suggests gaps or weaknesses, if any. To achieve this, GCI undertook a comprehensive biophysical, environmental, socioeconomic data gathering exercise along the TL/ DL line routes and S/S location to assess / verify the Green Circle Inc. 13 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram actual site-specific measures implemented / being implemented by IA/ Contractor in respect of measure/ actions listed in IEAR/EMP. The project methodology flow chart is given below: The methodology for the proposed study is inclusive of but not limited to following steps: 1. Review of existing reports: Review of existing reports and data prepared and generated by POWERGRID such as IEAR, ESPPF, Compensatory Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) etc. was undertaken and suitably incorporated in the present report. Figure 1-3: Study Methodology for Preparation of FEAR 2. Literature review / Analysis of Secondary Data: Review of existing literature are undertaken for collection of secondary baseline data related to physiography, climatic conditions, demography, natural resources including forest/wildlife and socio-economic features of the study area. Sources and data so collected have been mentioned below: • Literature from various research papers was reviewed for study biodiversity of the project site • A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India’ by Champion and Seth (1968) was used for forest type classification of forests in the study area. • Data collected from published literature of Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Forest Survey of India (FSI), Botanical Survey of India (BSI) and other research and government publications for floral and faunal diversity of the study area. • Soil map of the study area was prepared using ‘Soils of Mizoram for Optimizing Land Use, NBSS Publ.67b, 2000’ published by National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP), Nagpur. • Conservation status of flora and fauna of the study area as per Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act (1972), threatened status according to IUCN Red List 2020.1, Red Data Book of Indian Plants by Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. • Census of India 2011 for demography of the study area. 3. Collection & collation of primary data: The data was collected by extensive field visits and interaction with various stakeholders such as POWERGRID, Contractor, forest officials, Project Green Circle Inc. 14 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Affected People (PAPs) and public at large. The environmental primary data other than vegetation profile is verified and ascertained through the discussion with local people and stakeholders, Site visits and IEAR carried out for the proposed T&D alignment and S/S and final alignment schedule In order to, collect data with respect to final route alignment with important feature & maps, forest involvement/forest clearances, other applicable statutory clearances/consent/ exact number of trees to be filled / damaged both in forest as well as non- forest area, number and profile of PAP along with details of compensation provided to PAPs. This includes collection of any other primary data, which, in the opinion of agency, is required for ascertaining the compliance of the mitigating measures as enlisted in IEAR/EMP. Besides, photographs of important events such as interaction with various stakeholders, safe working practices, borrow area management, top soil management and construction during lean period etc. was taken as evidence. 4. Collection of primary data and Physical verification of construction elements: To gather primary data/ physical verification, a field visit/ survey of the project area along with IA and Contractor staff was made from February 2019 to May 2021. The data which has been collected from field visit are implementation status of proposed environmental management plan and mitigation measures as suggested in IEAR. Also, the environmental monitoring for ambient Noise levels and water quality is regularly carried out at S/S locations as part of EMP monitoring by construction Contractors Ground truthing/physical verification was made with photographic evidence and verification of record maintained by IA and Contracts for various activities for monitoring the compliance of mitigation measures like Health and Safety measures, Solid waste and sanitation, construction of protection wall/ retaining walls, status of labour camps location of proposed S/S, towers, and T&D Lines alignments. Findings of field survey were consolidated along with secondary data for interpretation and finding the gaps for immediate necessary action. 5. Ascertaining the compliance: Analysis and interpretation of secondary and primary data to ascertain the compliance of the measures as discussed in EMP. 6. Survey of flora and fauna: Phyto-sociological survey is necessary as this is a TL project. Being a TL project, surveys for assessment of vegetation structure/ profile in the proximity of the proposed TL, corridors of TL routes, S/S, etc. were conducted wherein line transact methodology has been followed. Faunal surveys were also conducted along the same transects. As the topography along the routes varied from undulating / plain to top of hill. It was therefore, not feasible to chart the entire routes of proposed TL as large part of the routes has steep slopes and due to issues of accessibility at present. However, during the field surveys it was tried to survey minimum 10% of the route for flora data collection, which in some cases constituted a continuous stretch and, in some cases, could be covered in parts. The stretches were selected considering diversity of flora. At some places along the alignment, forest plantation is recorded e.g., rubber / forest plantation which is homogenous. At some stretches the diversified flora is recorded. The details are reported in chapter 2 section 2.4.4. As regard substation, the whole substation area was covered. The fauna elements were not found during field surveys in the project areas except some bird and common fauna. Hence the data was collected through consultations with local public, Forest department officials and POWERGRID officials working in the project area. The Flora and Fauna Data is presented in Appendix A under Heading B. The results of the primary field surveys were supplemented with secondary data to fill the gaps and further with the information generated through PRA. In addition, at all the sites bird walks were also undertaken, particularly areas under private plantations nearby the routes to locate nesting sites and for bird sightings. 7. Consultation: During assessment consultation was done with stakeholders like various field officers of consulting team such as Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU)/ State Project Green Circle Inc. 15 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Coordination Unit (SPCU) POWERGRID officials, Contractor, migratory labors, local labors, Gram Burrah (village head) and public representatives to collect data with respect to compliance of suggested Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and implementation of mitigation measures. The details of exercise are presented at Appendix-B. 8. Development of Maps: Geo-referenced and Google maps with superimposed coordinates of project elements were generated to verify locational details and details of physical features of terrain of the project locations (Please refer to the Annexure A and B). 1.8 FEAR Structure Chapter I: Project Description: Brief description of the background, objective of the project, resultant benefit and scope of the work. Chapter 2: Baseline Data: Description of the relevant physical, physiographical, and socioeconomic condition of the project area including description of natural resources base like forest resources or any other environment sensitive areas like National Park sanctuary etc. along with description of climatic condition, population and other demographic features of the project area. Chapter 3: Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework: Description of the policy, Legal and Regulatory framework applicable to transmission project and the environmental requirement under which environment assessment has been carried out. Chapter 4: Major Features of Final Route & Environment Impact: Brief description of the environmental criteria for selection of route and major features of final route alignment, details of forest involvement including number of trees and species of the trees likely to be affected. The details of forest clearance and environmental impact matrix describing in brief the extent of impact of TL. Chapter 5: Potential Environmental Impact, Evaluation and its Management: Description of the measures adopted and under implementation for identified impact due to project location, design, construction, O&M details of public consultation and its documentation, details of contractual conditions regarding safeguard issues under scope of contract for compliance and conclusion listing the category of the project based on the impact and analysis. Chapter 6: Monitoring and Organization Support Structure: Description of the monitoring plan, reporting pattern/frequency, external monitoring requirement/timing for potential environment & social issues with compliance status of EMP and organization support structure. Green Circle Inc. 16 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2. BASELINE DATA 2.1 Introduction Impact Assessment defines and assesses the potential physical, biological, and socioeconomic impacts of a project and helps in formulating management and mitigation measures to minimize the impacts to a great extent. This chapter deals with the baseline status of physical, biological, socioeconomic environment in the project districts as well as study area. 2.2 Project Location The project is an intra-state power sector project located in the State of Mizoram and covers the district of Mammit. Please refer Map 2-1. The map showing location of various subprojects is presented in Map - 2.2 & Map - 2.3. Map 2-1: Location Map of the Project2 2 Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre, Science & Technology, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, 2020 Green Circle Inc. 17 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-2: Topo Map Showing Subprojects Locations Green Circle Inc. 18 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.2.1 Mizoram State3 Situated in the NE part of India, Mizoram covers geographical area of 21,081 sq km, which is 0.64% of the geographical area of the country. The State lies between 21°56'N to 24°31'N latitude and 92°16'E to 93°26'E longitude and shares borders with Mizoram in the west, Assam and Manipur in the north. Mizoram also shares international border with Myanmar on the east and Bangladesh in the south and west. The basic environmental settings of the State and subject project districts are discussed in the upcoming sections. 2.2.2 Study Area Districts4 2.2.2.1 Mammit District Mammit is a new district of Mizoram with an area of 3025.75 sq km. It is situated in between 23°15/ - 24°15/ N latitude and 92°15/ - 92° 40/E longitude with an altitude ranging from 40 to 1485 m msl. The district is bounded on the north by Hailakandi district of Assam state, on the west by North Tripura district of Tripura state and Bangladesh, on the south by Lunglei district and on the east by Kolasib and Aizawl districts. The district is dissected by few mountain ranges which run parallel to each other in a north-south fashion. The area is characterized mainly by three main ridgelines and intervening valleys and less prominent ridges. In between these, there are plenty of small and short parallel ridges and are classified as linear ridges with places along the main rivers as subdued hillocks. 2.3 Physical Environment 2.3.1 Climatic Conditions – Mizoram State: The climate of Mizoram can be classified as Moist Tropical to Moist Sub-tropical. The winter temperature varies from 11° C to 24° C, while summer temperature varies from 18° C to 29° C. The region is influenced by monsoons, raining heavily from May to September, while winters are relatively rain free. As per National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), the state is located in a region, where Cyclones and Landslides can cause weather related emergencies. The average annual rainfall of the state ranges from 2,160 mm to 3,500 mm. The climate conditions of projects districts are described in the sections below; 2.3.2 Climatic Conditions – Project Districts: 2.3.2.1 Mammit District: The climate of the district is characterized by tropical humid climate with cool summers and cold winters. Winter temperatures vary between 11º and 13º C in general. The winter season is however, without snow. The normal annual rainfall is 2,216 mm and average annual rainfall is 2,794 mm. the rainfall is due to the monsoons from early May to late September. 3 http://mizoenvis.nic.in/ 4 District Survey Report, 2018, GoM Green Circle Inc. 19 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.3.3 Topography – Mizoram State5,6: Mizoram is a land of rolling hills, valleys, rivers and lakes. As many as 21 major hill ranges or peaks of different heights run through the length and breadth of the state, with plains scattered here and there. The average height of the hills to the west of the state are about 1,000 mt (3,300 ft). These gradually rise up to 1,300 mt (4,300 ft) to the east. Some areas, however, have higher ranges which go up to a height of over 2,000 mt (6,600 ft). Phawngpui Tlang also known as the Blue Mountain, situated in the southeastern part of the state, is the highest peak in Mizoram at 2,210 mt (7,250 ft). About 76% of the state is covered by forests, 8% is fallows land, 3% is barren and considered uncultivable area, while cultivable and sown area constitutes the rest. Slash-and-burn or jhum cultivation, though discouraged, remains in practice in Mizoram and affects its topography. The State of Forest Report 2019 states that Mizoram has the highest forest cover as a percentage of its geographical area of any Indian state, being 85% forest. 2.3.4 Topography – Project Districts: 2.3.4.1 Mammit District: Physiographically, the terrain is mountainous with prominent relief. Hill ranges are trending in the north-south direction. Parallel to sub parallel anticlinal hill ranges, synclinal narrow valleys form deep gorges. Basically, these are structural hills. The process of denudation and weathering is still continuing in response to various natural forces. One of the dominant forces of formation of such landforms is exertion by running water. Based upon lithology, relief, drainage, and structural pattern, the district has been divided into two major units viz denude structural hills and valleys. Physiographically, the district is represented by parallel to sub parallel hill ranges trending North-South direction. The hills are steep and separated by rivers which flow either to the north or to the south creating deep gorges. The major drainages include Tuirial River flowing to the South. Numbers of perennial streams flow through the district from north to south 2.3.5 Landuse Pattern – Mizoram State7: For Land use details of Mizoram State and Project Districts, Land use statistics of Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2018-2019 and North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFI), 2018 are referred. Majority of the Mizoram State area is 75% is covered by forest land followed by 8.52% agricultural land. The general land use area of the Mizoram State is given in Table 2.1, Land Use Distribution in Figure 2.1. The Map created by Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre, Science & Technology, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, 2020 is depicted in Map 2.3. Table 2-1: Land use pattern of State Mizoram Sr. No. Land Use Classes Area in Sq. Km % 1 Geographical area 21081 100 2 Forest Area 15850 75 3 Land Not Available for Agricultural Use 750 3.69 4 Land under Misc. tree Crops & groves not including in net Area sown 410 2.03 5 Permanent pasture & other grazing land 110 0.54 5 ENVIS Mizoram Report 6 GoM, District Survey Report, 2018 7 Land use statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2018-2019 and NEDFI, Land Use Details, 2018 Green Circle Inc. 20 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 6 Culturable Waste land 80 0.37 7 Total Other Uncultivated Land Excluding Fallow Land (4+5+6) 600 2.94 8 Fallow Land Current Fallow 470 2.28 9 Fallow Land Other than Current fallow 11270 6.24 10 Total (8+9) 11740 8.52 11 Net Cropped area 1450 7.10 Map 2-3: Land use Map of State Mizoram8 8 Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre, Science & Technology, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, 2020 Green Circle Inc. 21 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 22 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.3.6 Landuse Pattern – Project Districts9: 2.3.6.1 Mammit District: Reporting area for Landuse Majority of the Mammit project district area is given in Table 2.2. Table 2-2: Landuse Pattern of Project District – Lunglei Sr. No. Land Use Classes Area in Ha 1 Geographical area 302575 2 Forest Area 249742 3 Land Not Available for Agricultural Use 8344 4 Land under Misc. tree Crops & groves not including in net Area sown 27334 5 Permanent pasture & other grazing land 200 6 Culturable Waste land 4050 7 Fallow Land Current Fallow 6415 8 Fallow Land Other than Current fallow 16739 9 Net Cropped area 15380 10 Barren Uncultivable land 1030 Map 2-4: Land use Map of Project District - Mammit10 9 Land use statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2018-2019 and NEDFI, Land Use Details, 2018 10 Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre, Science & Technology, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, 2020 Green Circle Inc. 23 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.3.7 Major Rivers – Mizoram State11 The land in Mizoram is mostly hilly and is endowed with numerous ephemeral and perennial streams and rivers, which swell or recede in response to seasonal variations in precipitation. All the rivers in Mizoram are monsoon fed and they attain maximum volume in the monsoon and post monsoon seasons. A total of 21 rivers along with their tributaries exist crossing 1700 km of length across the State. The major rivers of the state are Serlui, Tuirial, Tuivai, Langkaih, Tlawng, Teirei, Tuivawl, Tut, Khawthlangtuipui, Tiau, Tuichang, Tuipui, Mat, Mar, De, Kau, Kawrpui, Tuichawng, Phairuang, Chhimtuipui and Mengpui, etc. Chhimtuipui River is the largest river in Mizoram by volume and is navigable by small boat from Akyap (Myanmar) upto a considerable distance within the state. Where as, Tlawng river is the longest river of the state and is also navigable by small boat throughout the year and hence it provides water transport route with the neighboring state Assam. The most important and useful rivers of Mizoram are the Tlawng (also known as Dhaleswari or Katakhal), Tut (Gutur), Tuirial (Sonai) and Tuivawl which flow through the northern territory and eventually join river Barak in Cachar. The Koldoyne (Chhimtuipui) which originates in Myanmar, is an important river in the south Mizoram. It has four tributaries and the river is in patches. The Western part is drained by Karnaphuli (Khawthlang tuipui) and its tributaries. Lakes in the state are scattered all over the state. But the most important of them are Palak, Tamdil, Rungdil; and Rengdil. The Palak lake is situated in Chhimtuipui District in southern Mizoram and covers an area of 30 Ha. It is believed the lake was created as a result of an earthquake or a flood. The Tamdil lake is a natural lake situated 85 kms from Aizawl. Table 2-3: Major Rivers of Mizoram State12 SI. No. Name of River Length (Kms) 1 Tlawng 185.15 2 Tiau 159.39 3 Chhimtuipui (Kolodyne) 138.46 4 Tut 138.25 5 Tuivai 134.61 6 Khawthlangtuipui (Karnaphuli) 128..08 7 Tuichang 120.75 8 Tuirial 117.53 9 Tuichawng 107.87 10 Mat 90.16 11 Tuipui 86.84 12 Langkaih 85.43 13 Tuivawl 72.45 14 Teirei 70.84 15 Tuirini 59.57 16 Serlui 56.35 11 Water Resource Department (WRS), GoM, 2019 12 Irrigation and Water Resource Department (WRS), GoM, 2019 Green Circle Inc. 24 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.3.8 Major Rivers – Project Districts Table 2-4: Major Rivers Flowing Through Project Districts Sr. No. Name of District Name of River 1 Mammit Kaladan, Tuiphang Chhimtuipui, Ngengpui, Chawngte Tlawng, Tut, Teirei, Langkaih, Khawthlangtuipui and Mar rivers with its tributaries The River Maps are presented here in Map 2.5 and 2.6 for Mizoram State and Project district of Mammit respectively. However, the project activity is not going to impact these water bodies in any way as the route alignment of proposed transmission line does not have any such river crossing. Ground water is used mainly for drinking purpose as there is no major industry in the district. Ground water utilization for irrigation may be considered as negligible. As per study carried out by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), the estimated gross annual dynamic ground water resource is 4.92mcm while net annual ground water draft is 0.0069 million cubic metre (mcm) & the stage of ground water development is 0.82%. Natural discharge during non- monsoon season is negligible. Future provision for domestic and industrial use is 0.01 mcm and for irrigation use, it is 4.41 mcm. Mamit district is under the “Safe” Category. 2.3.9 Wetlands – Mizoram State13: A major portion of wetland areas are observed in Mamit, Lawngtlai, Saiha and in Aizawl. Champhai, Serchhip and Kolasib district covers small portion of wetland area.Area estimates of various wetland categories for Mizoram have been carried out using GIS layers of wetland boundary, water-spread, aquatic vegetation and turbidity. In the state of Mizoram, 88 wetlands have been delineated. Small wetlands, which are less than minimum mapable units (MMU), are 146 in the district. Total wetland area estimated is 13988 ha. The details of type-wise aerial extents of wetland are given in the Table 2-5. Total number of wetlands present in the State is 88, but none of the wetlands is in the Ramsar list. Palak and Timdil are important wetlands of the State, which are identified under National Wetland Conservation Programme. However, none of these wetlands are getting involved/ impacted in routing/RoW of proposed lines and locating substations. 2.3.10 Wetlands – Project Districts 2.3.10.1 Mammit District: Mamit district lies in the north western part of the state and share a boundary with Bangladesh and Agartala. The north western part of the district comprises more or less low lying area while the eastern part is made up of medium to high structural hills. The major rivers within the district are Tut, Tlawng, Mar, Teirei and Khawthlangtuipui rivers. The average annual rainfall is 2692 mm. The wetland area estimated is 2167 ha. The Mammit district has around 86 wetlands including 58 small wetlands (area < 2.25 ha.) covering an area of 2167 Ha. River/stream (1951 ha) are the largest wetland type followed by Lake/pond (84 Ha). Detailed wetland statistics of the district is given in Table 2.6. However, none of these wetlands are getting involved/impacted in routing/RoW of proposed lines and locating substations. 13 Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, National Wetland Atlas: Mizoram, Govt of India, 2021 Green Circle Inc. 25 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 2-5: Wetland Details – Mizoram State Area in ha Sr. Wett Wetland Category Number Total % Of Open Water No. code of Wetland wetland Post Pre Wetlands area area monsoon monsoon area area 1100 Inland Wetlands – Natural 1 1101 Lakes/Ponds 25 185 1.32 153 149 2 1102 Ox-bow lakes/ Cut-off - - - - - meanders 3 1103 High altitude wetlands - - - - - 4 1104 Riverine wetlands - - - - - 5 1105 Waterlogged 15 133 0.95 122 105 6 1106 River/Stream 46 13497 96.49 13497 13497 1200 Inland Wetlands -Man-made 7 1201 Reservoirs/Barrages 2 27 0.19 27 27 8 1202 Tanks/Ponds - - - - - 9 1203 Waterlogged - - - - - 10 1204 Salt pans - - - - - Sub-Total 88 13842 98.96 13799 13778 Wetlands (<2.25 ha), mainly Tanks 146 146 1.04 - - Total 234 13988 100.00 13799 13778 Table 2-6: Wetland Details – Mammit District Area in ha Sr. Wett Wetland Category Number Total % Of Open Water No. code of Wetland wetland Post Pre Wetlands area area monsoon monsoon area area 1100 Inland Wetlands – Natural 1 1101 Lakes/Ponds 13 84 3.88 79 84 2 1102 Ox-bow lakes/ Cut-off - - - - - meanders 3 1103 High altitude wetlands - - - - - 4 1104 Riverine wetlands - - - - - 5 1105 Waterlogged 7 47 2.17 46 39 6 1106 River/Stream 6 1951 90.03 1951 1951 1200 Inland Wetlands -Man-made 7 1201 Reservoirs/Barrages 2 27 1.25 27 27 8 1202 Tanks/Ponds - - - - - 9 1203 Waterlogged - - - - - 10 1204 Salt pans - - - - - Sub-Total 28 2109 97.32 2103 2101 Wetlands (<2.25 ha), mainly Tanks 58 58 2.68 - - Total 86 2167 100.00 2103 2101 Green Circle Inc. 26 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-5: River Map of Mizoram State with Project Districts Green Circle Inc. 27 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-6: River Map of Mammit Project District Green Circle Inc. 28 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-7: Wetland Map of Mizoram State Green Circle Inc. 29 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-8: Wetland Map of Mammit District Green Circle Inc. 30 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.3.11 Soils 14 The factors influencing the prevalence of different types of soil in Mizoram include topographical changes, climate changes, prevalent rock materials and the vegetation. Soil erosion caused by chemical weathering of the soil in the State of Mizoram has led to the bed rock of the region being revealed. Typical soils in the state are sandy loam and clay loam, which have been heavily leached due to the high slopes leaving it porous and lacking in minerals or humus. The soils in the state are near neutral to strongly acidic (pH 4.5 - 7.3). The soil Taxonomic classification is Entisols, Inceptisols and Ultisols. The soils of the district, in general, have been derived from parent rock such as ferruginous sandstone, shale, alluvial and colluvial materials. In general, the soil formations have been categorized into following groups: Hills – mostly colluvial soil, formed along the steep sided slopes because of accumulation of soil forming materials on slope surface, Valleys- mixture of colluvial and alluvial materials and is restricted to the rolling valleys along the river courses & Terraces - remnants of deposits of cobbles and pebbles. Major soils associations relationship with Physiography of the areas of the sub watersheds are deep, sandy to medium textured soils. The soil taxonomic (family) classification of project districts as per the data by National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) the project area has been grouped into 2 soil series. The details of Soil Taxonomic Classification are given in Appendix A under heading A. The map prepared by Mizoram Remote Sensing Department, 2019 is depicted as Map 2.9. The Soil family is described as below; • Dampa Series: Dampa series is a member of loamy skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic family of Humic Hapludults. They are very deep, dark brown, sandy clay to clay, well drained, strongly acidic horizon. It occurs on the hill side slopes of various slope categories. • West Phaileng series: This series is a member of fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic family of Typic Dystrochrepts. They are very deep, dark yellowish brown sandy clay loam, well drained, very strongly acidic horizons. It occurs on hill side slopes of various categories. 2.3.12 Minerals The mineral resources of Mizoram are not fully explored. Some deposits of petroleum oil and natural gas are forecasted and occurrences of oil, saline springs and a few gas seepages in the central part of northern Mizoram were reported. Occurrences of lignite, sandstone and pyrites are reported from the State. Major deposits of economic importance have not been reported so far in the State. Irregular distribution of infinitesimal quantities of limestone has been reported from some areas of Mizoram. A thin horizon of clay of dark grey colour is noticed northwest of Borai, near Momchera and in the valley near Phura village. At present main mineral of Mizoram is a hard rock of tertiary period. These massive, hard, upper and lower Bhuban sandstones are mainly utilized as building material and for road construction work. However, so far no major mineral deposits of economic importance have been reported. Further exploratory operations are in progress with the objective of locating promising mineral deposits including oil and gas. ONGC has officially announced the discovery of Gas at Meidum in Kolasib District, Mizoram and exploration in other areas is in progress. There are no useful minerals of economic significance apart from clays in the River Tlawng beds. The main mineral of Mizoram is hard rock of tertiary period formation which is crushed to various sizes of aggregate material. This product is very important for road construction work and building materials. Apart from these, several reports from Geological Survey of India and State Geology and Mining wing of Industries Department have indicated the availability of minor minerals in different places. A number of oil and gas exploration activities have taken place due the geological condition with which Mizoram has been formed, leading to the possibilities that Oil reserves would be confirmed. However, major deposits of economic importance have not been reported so far in the State. 14 DRDA Mammit District, 2021 Green Circle Inc. 31 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-9: Soil Map of Mizoram State with Project Districts Green Circle Inc. 32 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.3.13 Vulnerability15 2.3.13.1 Earthquake Vulnerability: The State forms a part of the most severe seismic zone in the country, namely Zone V of Seismic Zoning Map of India that is referred as Very High Damage Risk Zone. A large number of moderate to large magnitude earthquakes have occurred within the State boundary as well as within 100 km distance around it. Almost complete Mammit district and Project area is in Very high earthquake hazard zones. It is recommended that earthquake resistant designs and construction Guidelines are adopted and implemented for minimizing damages to buildings. Please Refer Map 2-10. Associated vulnerability is studied in detailed for the TL alignment of the project is discussed in the Section 4.3 and Chapter 5 impact mitigations are evaluated. 2.3.13.2 Landslide and Erosion Vulnerability: Mizoram, being a hilly terrain is highly prone to landslides. Every year a number of landslides have been usually reported from various localities. These cause a lot of miseries to public, resulting in loss of life and property, disruption of communication network, and also cause economic burden on the society. This is primarily attributed to high slope, immature geology, neo-tectonic activity, heavy rainfall, unplanned and improper land use practice in the State. Landslide incidents are more prominent during the rainy/monsoon season as the soil structure gets softened by heavy and continuous downpour, especially in areas having high degree of slope. There can be many factors that make an area vulnerable to landslides, both induced by human activities as well as inherent natural composition of the soil. However, in most cases the former factor is a contributing factor, especially in areas where development activities are higher and drainage facilities are neglected. Landslide, a common phenomenon in hilly region is one of the most important factors of soil erosion. Topsoil and vegetative covers on large scale are considerably lost every year during the monsoon season. Landslides are mainly found below settlement areas, terrace fields, rolling Jhum land and road construction. The possible factors responsible for landslide occurrence may be singular or a combination of several factors. Unscientific land utilization incompatible with it carrying capacity leads to land degradation which has both environmental and economic consequences. The information on land degradation is needed for a variety of purposes like planning reclamation programs, rational land use planning, for bringing additional areas into cultivation, to improve productivity levels in degraded lands etc. As per the land degradation mapping undertaken by Department of Space, GoI along with partner institutions under National Natural Resources Census (NRC), water and wind are the most important land degradation process that occurs on the surface of the earth. Rainfall, soil, physical properties, terrain slope, land cover and management practices play a significant role in soil erosion. Some of the factors responsible for soil erosion in Mizoram are: Soil formations: Clayey and shales have low hydraulic conductivity and can be difficult to drain. On the other hand, when the dip angle of the shale is along the slope, the soils over the shale are more susceptible to landslide. Most of the slides in the area are caused due to this reason. It is also observed that during rainy season the shallow soils lying above shale bed are prone to landslide. Please refer Soil Section 2.3.11. 15 Mizoram State Disaster Management Plan, 2020 Green Circle Inc. 33 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Increase in the Runoff Volume: It affects the regimes of the natural downhill drains and toe cutting has been observed in many cases. Such toe cutting leads to slope failure near these natural drains. Slope failure occurring near these drains adversely affects the stability of the slope in general and leads to repeated slope failure in that area. Such toe failure also leads to blockage of drains promoting infiltration of water into the ground causing saturation of the soil, which adversely affects the stability. During the summer season, more specifically from June to October, the rainfall is heavy and almost continuous. So, permeable materials get saturated due to long continued heavy rains that, instead of the pelting rain driving individual particles in the form of ‘rill’ or ‘rain-wash’ down the slope, the whole of the surficial materials becomes a mass of mud and debris. Faulty Road Construction: Another important factor causing landslides, it has aggravated the intensity of landslide. One of the main reasons for this is the slope cutting process while constructing the road as it disturbed the slope stability. Most of these slide areas remain weak with mud flow and sinking of highways occur every monsoon season due to the composition of loose sand and dark brown clays where water seepage is quite high. Sheet Erosion: It is a common problem resulting from loss of topsoil. The soil particles are removed from the whole soil surface on a uniform basis in the form of thin layers. The severity of the problem is often difficult to visualize with naked eyes in the field. Rill Erosion: When sheet erosion is severe and the surface runoff goes in the form of a concentric flow, tiny water channels are formed in the field called rills. Rills are generally associated with the cultivated lands and are visible in the ploughed soil after first heavy showers. Gully Erosion: Gullies are formed as a result of localized surface run-off affecting the unconsolidated material resulting in the formation of perceptible channels causing undulating terrain. They are commonly found in sloping lands, developed as a result of concentrated run- off over fairly long time. They are mostly associated with stream courses, sloping grounds with good rainfall regions and foothill regions. Landslide/ Landslip Erosion: The region is quite prone to landslides/ landslips that take a heavy toll on valuable lands, property and life besides aggravating the problem of soil erosion. Factor responsible for landslide have already been explained in earlier section. Unscientific Disposal of Debris Generated by Road Construction: Roads are the only means of communication and form an important development activity in the region. Road construction in the mountainous terrain requires a lot of blasting and construction in a zigzag fashion. The debris thus produced is not properly disposed at dumping sites and is just pushed onto the river side slopes. This results in heavy erosion during the rainy season. Urbanization: Due to increasing urbanization and demand for land in the city area, and lack of enforcement of development controls, people have started construction even on the valley lines, completely blocking the drainage path in some cases. These drains need to cross the road system in several stages through culverts. Eroded soils and garbage carried down by water during torrential rainy season block many a time cross drains and lead to overflowing of water onto the road. Increasing urbanization has also increased the surface runoff because extension in the pucca ground cover or black topping through the construction of building, courtyards, roads, pavements, etc., reduces infiltration of rainwater significantly and Green Circle Inc. 34 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram increases surface runoff, thereby increasing the volume and discharge in the area and drain which in turn remove the top soil rapidly and also cause landslide in the areas. For the assessment of soil erosion vulnerability hazard, Mizoram State Disaster Management Plan (2020) and State Level respective plan of watershed development in Mizoram (2016) are referred. Almost complete Mammit district and project area is in Very high landslide and soil erosion hazard zones. Please Refer Map 2-11. Landslide and erosion vulnerability is studied in detailed for each alignment of the project TL and DL and same are discussed in the Section 4.3. In the instant scheme, during construction though limited quantity of excavated material is generated from tower/pole foundations and S/S foundation, because of terrain and possible potential hazard identification, adequate mitigation measures are important which are given in the EMP and same are being undertaken to avoid any chances of landslide. In addition, excavation is avoided in rainy days. So far there are no instances of landslide due to any of the construction activity. Landslide due to operation and maintenance is not at all expected. The details are discussed in Chapter 4 and 5 for project line. 2.3.13.3 Cyclone and Wind Vulnerability: As far as wind hazard is concerned, the design wind speed in the whole state is 55m/s (198km/h) which is the highest value specified in the country, occasionally reached when cyclonic wind made landfalls crossing Bangladesh and southern Myanmar. In such events, weakly built homes of wood, bamboo, thatched etc., as in Category X in the atlas, and sloping roofs such as thatched and tiles and those AC sheet and corrugated galvanized iron (GGI) sheet roofs which are not fully anchored and integrated will suffer much damage. The damages occurring in such high winds are of localized nature and do not result in a disaster at the State level. Almost all part of Mizoram is cyclone prone area. Mammit district falls under high risk zone to Cyclone Hazard. It is recommended and wind resistant construction Guidelines are adopted and implemented for minimizing wind damages to buildings. Please Refer Map 2-12. 2.3.13.4 Flood Vulnerability: The State having hilly terrain does not have major flood problem. Under the action of heavy rain, flash floods may be caused resulting in bank erosion and some local damage. In Mizoram, floods occur in river valleys, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders. Compared to other hazards like landslides and cyclones, the damage caused by floods within the state is the lesser. Floods often cause damage to homes, public places and crop lands if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers. Settlements lying in close proximity to the rivers are prone to flood hazard and hence drowning often happens due to occupational and recreational activities close by the river. This happens especially during the monsoon period. In general, most significant damages occur only to the crops and erosion of cropland lying in the fluvial flood plains of Mat, Chhimtuipui, Tlawng, Tut, Teirei, Khawthlang tuipui, Tuirial, Tuivawl and Tuivai rivers, etc. Please refer Map 2-13. Flood vulnerability is studied in detailed for each alignment of the project TL and DL and same are discussed in the Section 4.3. The project district and area is falling in Low risk Zone of flood. However, adequate mitigation measures have been given in the EMP and same are followed to avoid any chances of getting affected by flood vulnerable areas. In addition, any work is avoided in rainy days. Green Circle Inc. 35 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-10: Seismic Hazard Map of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 36 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-11: Landslide Hazard Map of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 37 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-12: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 38 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.3.13.5 Fire Vulnerability: Fire accidents are quite common especially during the dry seasons. Habitations in Urban and Rural areas in Mizoram are vulnerable to fire incidents due to many reasons, most of which has been attributed to accidents caused by erroneous human activities leading to outbreak of fire. The State is also becoming increasingly vulnerable to electric accidents. The main causes of such accidents are: • Use of sub-standard electrical fittings. • Lack of routine check-up of over-utilized electrical items. • Lack of trained electricians for wiring of homes. • Faulty electrical wirings of home. • A combination of the above factors Forest fires are another form of fire hazard that affects the State every year. Majority of the cause can be attributed to uncontrolled burning of jhum fields and unattended fires adjoining forest areas. The vegetation composition is also a factor influencing the vulnerability of areas to forest fires. 2.3.13.6 Hazard Classification with Respect to Project Districts: The project districts are classified as per vulnerability to hazard. It is given as below. The Impact assessment and mitigation measures are discussed in the Chapter 5. All the project sites are falling in Very High Earthquake Hazard zone, High Landslide and Cyclone Hazard Zone. However, the project sites are low vulnerable to Flood Hazard. Table 2-7: Hazard Classification of Project Districts Sr. Name of the Head Subdivisions Earthquake Landslide Cyclone Flood No. District Quarters 1 Mamit Mamit Mammit Very High High High Low Kawrthah Very High High High Low West Phaileng Very High High High Low Green Circle Inc. 39 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-13: Flood Hazard Map of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 40 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-14: Forest Fire and Urban Fire Hazard Map of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 41 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.4 Biological Environment It is pertinent to mention that, in the present project, forest area/land covered under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has been tried to avoid with careful selection of route alignment. All line routes and S/S locations have been selected in such a way that it successfully avoided any kind of PA and RF. In order to analyse the impacts and plan mitigation measures, it is imperative to study baseline information for TL and surrounding or proximity area as well (study area), which includes forest areas under the control of individual / community / village councils. The same has been described in ensuing paragraphs. 2.4.1 Floristics – Mizoram State16 The RFA of the State is 15850 sq. km based on the India State of Forest Report (ISFR), 2019, which constitutes 75% of its geographical area. RF constitute 92.7 and UCF constitute 7.3%. The biological diversity of any geographical region is estimated at the level of ecosystem diversity, species diversity and genetic diversity. The State has rich flora and fauna including many rare and endemic species of plants and animals. Amongst all the States, Mizoram has the highest area under forest cover in terms of percentage of geographical area. The forests of the State are under a three tier management viz those owned and controlled by the State, district councils and village councils. As per the Champion & Seth Classification of Forest Types (1968), the forests in Mizoram belong to four Type Groups, which are further divided into six Forest Types. Tropical wet- evergreen forests of the State have valuable species in the top canopy such as Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Artocarpus chaplasha, Terminalia myriocarpa, Amoora wallichii, Michelia champaca, Mesua ferrea etc. Bamboos occur abundantly in the middle and lower stories in the evergreen forest type, Canes are also present in this type of forest. 35species of bamboo are reported from the State. The eastern fringes of the State bordering Chin Hills of Myanmar are higher in elevation and fall under Montane subtropical pine forests. This area is relatively cooler and experiences less annual precipitation. The common species of montane sub-tropical pine forests include Pinus kesiya, Quercus spp, Castanopsis spp, Schima wallichii, Rhododendron arboreum, Rhus semialata etc. Mizoram is one of the leading producers of bamboo in India supplying 14% of the country's commercial bamboo. Two National Parks and eight Wildlife Sanctuaries constitute the Protected Area network of the State covering 5.89% of its geographical area. Based on the interpretation of IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS III satellite data of the period Dec 2017 to February 2018, the Forest Canopy Cover, in terms of Canopy Density Classes in the State, is 18,005.51 sq km which is 85.41% of the State's geographical area. Te State has 157.05 sq km under Very Dense Forest (VDF), 5,800.75 sq km under Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) and 12,047.71 sq km under Open Forest (OF). Forest Cover in the State has decreased by 180.49 sq km as compared to the previous assessment reported in ISFR 201717. 16 Mizoram Envis, 2021 and Indian State of Forest Report, Mizoram, 2019 17 India State of Forest Report (ISFR), 2019 Green Circle Inc. 42 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.4.1.1 Forest Area and Canopy Cover 23 In terms of geographical area Mizoram state has total 27% of RFA. The details are depicted in Table 2.8. As per the ISFR, 2019 by Forest Survey of India (FSI), the RFA is 5641 sq. km. Forest Cover / Canopy Cover includes all lands which have a tree canopy of 10% and above and minimum mapping unit of one hectare. All areas bearing tree species including bamboos, orchards, coconut, palm etc within recorded forest, private, community or institutional lands have been termed as forest cover. The forest cover in the country is monitored at the interval of every two years by Forest Survey of India, Dehradun based on interpretation of Satellite Imageries. The forest cover has been classified on the basis of the tree canopy density into Very Dense Forest (VDF), Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) and Open Forest (OF), Scrub though is not counted in the forest cover. The State Forest canopy cover including the private forest and community forest as well in the State is 18006 sq. km. which is 85.41 % of the State's geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the State has 157.05 sq. km. under Very Dense Forest (VDF), 5801 sq. km. under Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) and 12047.71 sq. km. under Open Forest (OF). Please Refer Table 2.9 and Figure 2.7. Forest Map of the Mizoram State is given as Map 2-15. 2.4.1.2 Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (Green Wash) 18 The RFA of the State is 5641 sq. km based on the ISFR, 2019, which constitutes 27% of its geographical area. RF constitute 92.7 and UCF constitute 7.3%. Due to non-availability of digitized boundary of RFA from the State, the updated Green Wash from SoI toposheets which is 20,662.83 sq km has been used as proxy to the RFA boundary and the analysis of forest cover inside and outside this area is given below in Table 2.10. Table 2-8: Forest Area Classification – Mizoram State Geographical Recorded Forest Area (RFA) Sq. Km. Total RFA Sq. % of Area (GA) Sq. Km. RF % RF UCF % UCF Km. in 2019 GA 21081 4483 92.7 11581158 7.3 5641 27 RF: Reserved Forest (RF), Protected Forest (PF), Unclassed Forests (UCF) Table 2-9: Forest Canopy Cover – Mizoram State Geographical Forest Cover in Sq. Km. 2019 Total Area % of Area (GA) Sq. Km VDF %VDF MDF %MDF OF %OF Sq. Km 2019 GA 21081 157.05 0.87 5801 32.0 12047.71 67.13 18006 85.41 Table 2-10: Forest Area Classification – Mizoram State Forest Cover inside the Recorded Forest Cover inside the Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) Forest Area (or Green Wash) VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total Area Sq. Km. 156 5708 11872 17736 1 39 176 270 Area (%) 0.88 32.18 66.94 100.00 0.37 34.39 65.24 100.00 18 Indian State Forest Report, 2019 Green Circle Inc. 43 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 2-1: Forest Cover of Mizoram State Figure 2-2: Forest Cover Inside and Outside RFA Green Circle Inc. 44 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-15: Forest Map of Mizoram State19 19 Indian State Forest Report, 2019 Green Circle Inc. 45 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.4.1.3 Forest Types 20 Forest Type Maps of 2011 have been refined in the recently completed exercise by FSI. State has been endowed with a wide variety of forest types on account of its unique geographic location and wide range of physiographic terrain. Mizoram has 6 forest types as per the Champion & Seth classification (1968). Percentage area under different forest types of Mizoram as per the Champion & Seth classification (1968) and latest details of FSI are presented in the following Table 2.11. Table 2-11: Details of forests in Mizoram Sr. No. Types of forest % of Forest Cover 1 2B/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous Scrub 0.44 2 2B/C2 Cachar Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forest 30.70 3 2/2S1 Secondary Moist Bamboo Brakes 37.42 4 3C/C3b East Himalayan Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest 30.79 5 8B/C1 East Himalayan Subtropical Wet Hill Forest 0.04 6 9/C2 Assam Subtropical Pine Forests 0.61 2.4.2 Biodiversity – Mizoram State Mizoram is very rich in biodiversity. Major type of forest in Mizoram is tropical type, which is grouped as: • Semi Evergreen Forest • Moist deciduous Forest • Subtropical Pine Forest 2.4.2.1 Biodiversity Index The State belongs to three forest type groups, viz. Tropical Semi Evergreen, Subtropical Pine Forest and Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests. As per the rapid assessment of Biodiversity carried out by Forest Survey of India (FSI) at the national level for natural forests during September 2018 to May 2019 as part of the forest type mapping exercise in respect of Mizoram, total number of species reported in the state are 239, out of which 87 are tree species, 96 are shrub species and 56 are herb species. The Shannon-Wiener Index of Tree, Shrub and Herb species in different Type Groups of the state are given below in Table 2.12. Table 2-12: Shannon-Wiener Index of Tree, Shrub and Herb species in different Type Groups of Mizoram Sr. No. Forest Type Group Shannon – Wiener Index Tree Shrub Herb 1 Group 2 - Tropical Semi Evergreen and 3.08 3.37 3.15 2 Group 3 - Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests 2.78 3.38 3.26 3 Group 9- Subtropical Pine Forests No data 2.45 2.19 2.4.2.2 Flora of Mizoram State2122 Mizoram is flanked by Myanmar on the east and south, and Bangladesh on the west; in terms of biodiversity habitat, it falls within the Indo-Malayan bio-geographic region. However, 20 Champion & Seth Classification system (1968), GoM, Mizoram Forest Department 21 Forest Resources of Mizoram-Conservation and Management 22 http://mizenvis.nic.in/ Green Circle Inc. 46 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram according to Biogeographic Classification of India prepared by Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Mizoram falls within the North East Biogeographic Zones. Perched on the high hills of the eastern corner of India, Mizoram is a home of rich variety of flora and fauna distributed in its lush green, diversified terrain with steep slopes separated by rivers rolling towards north and south. With its deep gorges between the hills and falls, green valleys and streams, Mizoram is blessed with natural beauty. A total of 2,358 species of plants have been recorded from Mizoram (Singh, 1997). Out of the total species 2,141 belong to Angiosperms distributed over 176 families and 905 genera. Out of this, 1641 species belong to dicots and the remaining 500 are monocots. The number of gymnosperms is quite less i.e. only six species belonging to 6 genera and 4 families, while the number of pteri- dophytes is quite high i.e. 211 species distributed over 35 families and 66 genera. Some of the important floral components of the state are mentioned below: Timber species: There are about 125 good timbers yielding spe-cies reported from the state (Singh et al., 2002). Some of the common timber species of the state are Albizia lebbeck (Thingri), A. odoratissima (Kangtek), Artocarpus chama (Lamkhuang), Chukrasia tabularis (Zawngtei), Haldinia cordifolia (Lungkhup), Michelia champaca (Ngiau), Morus laevigata (Lungli), Phoebe goalparensis (Lawngthinhtha), Schima wallichii (Khiang), Terminalia myriocarpa (Char) etc. Economically Important Species: There are 100 econimically important species reported from State (Singh et al, 2002). Some common spoecies are Albizzia lucida, Albizzia procera, Artocarpus chaplas, Carrya arborea, Chukmsia velutina, Cinnamomum bejolghta, Dillenia indica, Dillenia pentagyna, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Duanbanga grandiflora, Gmelina arborea, Lagerstroemia parsiflora, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Magnolia pterocarpan, Mesua ferrea, Michelia champaca, Palaquium polyantha, Shorea robusta, Sterospermum personatum, Syzygium cuminis, Terminalia alata var. tomentosa, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia myriocarpa, Hollock Toona ciliate etc. Orchids: Orchids are very common and about 251 species have been reported from the state (Singh et al., 2002). Some of the most ornamental orchid species found in the state are Coelogyne barbata, Cymbidium elegans, C. mastersii, Dendrobium chrysanthum,D. densiflorum, D. fimbriatum, Eria paniculata, Paphiopedilum villosum, Phaius flavus, Thunia alba, Vanda coendea, Renanthera imschootiana and Rhynchostylis retusa. Wild Relatives of Cultivated Crop Plants: There are many wild relatives of the cultivated crops, which have been preserved since long by the society. Some of the important species are Artocarpus chama, Citrus indica, C. medica, Camellia caudata, and species of Alpinia, Ammomum, Cajanus, Cinnamomum, Cissus, Colocasia, Curcuma, Garcinia, Ipomoea, Musa, Piper, Saccharum, Zingiber etc. (Singh et al., 2002). These species might be very useful in evolving the new varieties of desired characters. Medicinal and ethnobotanical Plants: The state has rich diversity of medicinal and ethnobotanical plants. Due to the close association of people with nature, their knowledge of useful plants of the region is very good and it is interesting to note that all mportant and useful species have been assigned a local name and because of their culture and one language, it becomes very easy to locate a plant in an area by simply telling its local name. So far, about 500 species under 383 genera have been recorded Green Circle Inc. 47 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram from the state, which have medicinal and ethno-botanical uses (Maithani, 1994, Shukla et al., 1978, Lalramnghinglova and Jha, 1997, Singh, 1997, Singh et ah, 2002). Achyranthes bidentata, Adiantum caudatum, Adiantum philippense, Aeginetia indica, Ageratum conyzoides, Ziziphus mauritiana, Zanthoxylum armatum, Ananas comosus, Artocarpus lakoocha, Bombax ceiba, Vitex peduncularis, Securinega virosa are some dominant medicinal plants recorded in the State. Bamboos and Canes: Recently 35 species of bamboos have been reported from the state (Bisht et ah, 2010) out of them, 21 species are indigenous to the state, while 14 species have been introduced from outside. Bambusa tulda (Rawthing), Dendrocalamus longispathus (Rawnal), D. hamjltonii (Phulrua), Melocanna baccifera (Mautak), Melocalamus compactiflorus (Sairil), Sinarundinaria griffithiana (Phar), Bambusa affinis (Kanak-Kai), Bambusa nutans (Kali bans), Bambusa palida (Makal), Bambusa polymorpha (Bari), Bambusa teris (Purua), Bambusa spp. (Jai/ Purua/ Bombans), Dendrocalamus hamiltoni (Ponch bans), Oxylanthum albouliata (Kalai), Nedhoozca dulloa (Dolu), Melocana bambusoides (Mulare) the main species of the bamboos found in the state. Approximately 80% of the total bam-boo area is occupied by Melocanna baccifera. Calamus ereetus, Calamus floribundus, Calamus garbna, Calamus teotopathoides, Calamus viminalis, Calamus tenuis are dominant cane species of district. Fungi: Mizo people are very fond of eating wild fungi. Maupa (Cantharellus tropicalis), Pasi (Schizophyllum commune), Pasawntlung (Termitomyces species) are commonly seen in the market. Recently Bisht (2011) has reported 52 species of wood decaying fungi from the state. This study does not include mushrooms and other groups of fungi and it is assumed that at least 200 species of mushrooms can easily be reported from the state. 2.4.2.3 Fauna of Mizoram State2324 A comprehensive systematic list of wild mammals of the state of Mizoram, northeast India, has been collated from historical records, primary and secondary information by incorporating reliable data after personal interview with elderly prominent hunters. A total of 126 species of wild mammals belonging to 32 families under 11 orders, including 8 primate species, 14 herbivores with angulates, among carnivores - 3 ursids, 2 canids, 8 felids, 19 lesser carnivores; and 5 fossoreal, 9 arboreal, 22 rodents, 35 chiropterans and 1 aquatic mammal are listed. Bats (Chiroptera) formed the largest group (28%) with 35 species under 7 families followed by carnivores (25%) with 32 species and rodents (24%) with 30 species. Furthermore, Cetacea, Proboscidae, Scandentia and Pholidota orders were represented by a single species each. The rats and mice family Muridae formed the biggest family with 16 species followed by the vesper bats family Vesper tilionidae with 14 species. The list contains three critically endangered species including two locally extinct species, eight endangered species including two locally extinct species, 18 vulnerable species including one locally extinct species and 8 near- threatened species, i.e. a total of 37 threatened species. The list also provides the vernacular name, common English name and scientific name of each species, local status, IUCN (2016-3) threatened category, WPA schedule and CITES appendix were given. Five species were 23 Forest Resources of Mizoram-Conservation and Management 24 http://mizenvis.nic.in/ Green Circle Inc. 48 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram considered as locally extinct; habitat destruction and poaching being the major cause, and therefore, immediate conservative measures are suggested. Mizoram is home to a great variety of wildlife species, which have a significant influence on the tradition and culture of local people. Owing to its strategic location, it has a very rich diversity of faunal species, for example, out of the 15 primates; Mizoram harbors as many as 8 species. Among these, except rhesus macaque, all species are endemic to the region viz., hoolock gibbon (Hauhuk), pig-tailed macaque (Zawnggrengte), stump-tailed macaque (Zawngmawt), phayre’s leaf monkey (Dawr), capped langur (Ngau) and slow loris (Sahuai). Of the five big cats in India, Mizoram have 3 of them sans Asiatic Lion and Snow leopard. Out of the 11 smaller cats, the state harbours as many as 5 species, of which Golden Cat and Marbled Cat are endemic to this region and are extremely rare. Malayan Sun Bear, which was thought to be extinct in the wild from Indian sub continent is recently recorded and photographed through camera trap at Dampa Tiger Reserve. The bird diversity is also quite high and 215 species have been reported from Dampa Tiger Reserve alone and possibly much more can be recorded if proper research is strengthened. Avifauna: Apart from its natural beauties, Mizoram is host to numerous species of birds, wildlife and flora. Mammal species observed in Mizoram forests include Slow loris Nycticebus coucang (Sahuai), the state animal Red Serow Capricornis rubidus (Saza), Goral Nemorhaedus goral (Sathar), Tiger Panthera tigris (Sakei), Leopard Panthera pardus (Keite), Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosi (Kelral), Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis (Sanghar), and Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus (Savawm), Sun bear Helarctos malayanus (Samang/mangthir). The state is also home to many reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Primates: The state is a habitat for 8 species of primates such as Hoolock gibbon Hoolock hoolock (Hauhuk), Capped Langur Trachypithecus pileatus (Ngau), Phayre’s leaf monkey Trachypithecus phayrei (Dawr), Stump tailed macaque Macaca arctoides (Zawngmawt), Pig tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina (Zawngmawt), Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis (Zawng), Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta (Zawng) and Slow Lorris Nycticebus coucang (Sahuai). Cats: Among the cats families, Tiger Panthera tigris (Sakei/Keipui), Leopard Panthera pardus (Keite), Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosi (Kelral), Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii (Keisen), Jungle Cat Felis chaus (Sauak), Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis (Sanghar), Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata (Sate) and Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Ngharbawr) are present in the State. Carnivores: Lesser carnivore found in the state includes Small Clawed Otter Aonix cinereus (Sahram/sahramte), Common otter Lutra lutra (Sahram), Yellow bellied weasel Mustelia kathiah (Sarivaithun), Striped backed weasel Mustela Strigidorsa (Sarivaithun), Hog badger Arctonix collaris (Phivawk), Yellow throated marten Martes flavigula (Safia), Large toothed ferret badger Melogale moschata (Sahmaitha), Small toothed ferret badger Melogale personata (Sahmaitha), Small Indian mongoose Herpestes palustris (Sarivaithun), Grey mongoose Herpestes edwardsii (Sarivaithun), Crab eating mongoose Herpestes urva (Saphairuang), Spotted linsang Prionodon pardicolor (Ngharthingawn), Binturong Arctictis binturong (Zamphu), Small toothed palm civet Arctogalidia trivirgata (Sazaw), Himalayan palm civet Paguma larvata (Zawbuang), Common palm civet Paradoxurus Green Circle Inc. 49 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram hermaphroditus (Zawhang/sazaw), Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica (Tlumherh), Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha (Tlumpui). Herbivores: Herbivores such as Sambar Rusa unicolor (Sazuk), Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak (Sakhi), Goral Naemorhedus (Sathar), Red Serow Capricornis rubidus (Saza); mega herbivores such as Elephant Elephas maximus (Sai) and Gaur Bos gaurus (Ramsial) are also found. 2.4.2.4 Rare and endangered flora of Mizoram: The Central Government through the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change in consultation with the Government of Mizoram, vide notification NO. 1600 dated October 5, 2009 in The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, has notified the following species of plants and animals published by Mizoram State Biodiversity Board in ‘Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plant and Animal Species of Mizoram’, which are either extinct or are on the verge of extinction from the state. The collection of these species is prohibited, except with the approval of the Mizoram State Biodiversity Board only for the following purposes: • Scientific Research • Herbarium and Museum of scientific and academic institutions • Propagation • Any other scientific investigation List of Threatened Plant species of Mizoram Scientific name Family Status Acampe ochracea Orchidaceae R Jasminum wengeri Jasminaceae NT Aquilaria malaccensis Thymelaeaceae NT Arundina chinensis Orchidaceae R Arundinaria phar Poaceae R Begonia lushaiensis Begoniaceae R Begonia watti Begoniaceae EN Begonia wengeri Begoniaceae INDETERMINATE Bulbophyllum parryae Orchidaceae EN Coelogyne nitida Orchidaceae EN Cinnamomum aromatic Lauraceae NT Coelogyne ovalis Orchidaceae EN Coelogyne rossiana Orchidaceae VU Crotalaria kurzii Fabaceae R Cymbidium eburneum Orchidaceae VU Cymbidium macrorrhizum Orchidaceae R AND EN Dndrobium falconeri Orchidaceae R Mantisia saltatoria Zingiberaceae R Mantisia wengeri Zingiberaceae R AND EN Hydnocarpus kurz Achariaceae NT Dalbergia pinnata var acaciaefolia Fabaceae NT Paphiopedilum spicerianum Orchidaceae NT Paphiopedilum charlesworthii Orchidaceae CE Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum Orchidaceae RARE Paphiopedilum villosum Orchidaceae CE Renanthera imschootiana Orchidaceae ENDANGERED Renanthera imschootiana Orchidaceae CE Rhododendron johnstoneanum Ericaceae EN Rhododendron watti Ericaceae R AND EN Rhododendron witchianum Ericaceae R Green Circle Inc. 50 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Synotis lushaensi Asteracea e R R- Rare, NT – Near Threatened, EN-Endangered, CE-Critically Threatened, VU- Vulnerable List of Threatened animal species of Mizoram Scientific name Common Name Family IUCN Status Elephas maximus Indian elephant Elephantidae EN Nycticebus bengalensis Slow loris Lorisidae VU Macaca assamensis Assamese macaque Cercopithecidae NT Macaca leonina Pig-tailed macaque Cercopithecidae VU Macaca arctoides Stump-tailed macaque Cercopithecidae VU Trachypithecus phayrei Phayre’s leaf-monkey Cercopithecidae EN Trachypithecus pileatus Capped langur Cercopithecidae VU Hylobates hoolock Western hoolock gibbon Cercopithecidae EN Ratufa bicolor Black giant squirrel Sciuridae NT Rhizomys erythrogeny Red-cheeked bamboo rat Spalacidae NE Harpiocephalus mordax Greater hairy winged-bat Vespertilioni dae NT Manis pentadactyla Chinese pangolin Manidae CE Panthera tigris Tiger Felidae EN Panthera pardus Leopard Felidae VU Neofelis nebulosa Clouded leopard Felidae VU Catopuma (Felis) temminckii Golden cat Felidae NT Pardofelis marmorata Marbled cat Felidae NT Prionailurus viverrinus Fishing cat Felidae VU Cuon alpinus Indian wild dog Canidae EN Ursus thibetanus Himalayan black bear Ursidae VU Helarctos malayanus Sun bear Ursidae VU Melursus ursinus Sloth bear Ursidae VU Arctonyx collaris Greater hog badger Mustelidae VU Lutra lutra European otte Mustelidae NT Lutrogale perspicillata Smooth-coated otte Mustelidae VU Aonyx cinereus Asian small-clawed otter Mustelidae VU Arctictis binturong Binturong, bear cat Viverridae VU Rhinoceros unicornis Indian rhinoceros Rhinocerotidae VU Rhinoceros sondaicus Javan rhinoceros Rhinocerotidae CE Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Sumatran rhinoceros Rhinocerotidae CE Rusa (Cervus) unicolor Sambar Cervidae VU Rucervus eldii Eld's deer Cervidae EN Axis porcinus Hog deer Cervidae EN Capricornis rubidus Red serow Bovidae NT Capricornis thar Himalayan serow Bovidae NT Naemorhedus griseus Chinese gora Bovidae VU Bos gaurus Indian bison Bovidae VU Platanista gangetica Ganges river dolphin Platanistidae EN R- Rare, NT – Near Threatened, EN-Endangered, CE-Critically Threatened, VU- Vulnerable 2.4.2.5 Invasive Species of Mizoram State25 An invasive plant is a non-native plant that is able to persist and proliferate outside of cultivation, resulting in ecological and/or economic harm. Once established in these areas, invasive plants often continue to spread to adjacent habitats. All invasive plant species are aggressive competitors with the ability to significantly reduce diversity of native plant and also 25 ISFR, 2019 Green Circle Inc. 51 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram disturb & alter wildlife habitat. As per ISFR, 2019, there are eight invasive species in Mizoram. The details are as below. As per literature review, it is observed that invasive plants spread by a variety of mechanisms, including birds, wind, and water. Human activities are also a major factor in the spread of these plants, from gardening, medicinal uses, edible properties and transport of nursery stock to erosion control and wildlife plantings. Table 2-13: Invasive species recorded from Project Area and uses Species Name Common Name Medicinal Uses Chromolaena Siam weed / used wound skin, skin infections, inflammation, a therapeutic agent for a odorata Bagh variety of diseases, such as wound healing, anti- inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, diuretic, and antimicrobial, anti-mycobacterial Mikania RAVANLATA / a poultice made from the leaves of M. micrantha is used to treat venomous micrantha bitter vine biting of insects and the leaf juice is used to reduce skin rashes and itches. furthermore, it is used to mitigate stomach ache, jaundice, fever, rheumatism, cold, and respiratory diseases Imperata Darbha / They are decocted and used to treat urinary tract infections, fevers, thirst cylindrica cogongrass etc. The root is astringent, antifebrile, antivenoms, diuretic, emollient, hemostatic, restorative and tonic. It is used in the treatment of nose bleeds, hematuria, hematemesis, oedema and jaundice Thatch Grass Jaragua It is native to Africa and it is widespread in the world as a cultivated forage and fodder for livestock and a naturalized and sometimes invasive species. Parkia Tree Bean It is native to Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, and Assam and javancia Manipur in India. It is widely cultivated for food and wood, and as an ornamental. Oroxylum Sonapatha Root bark, stem bark, fruits, seeds, and leaves. Root bark is recommended indicum for medicinal use, but market samples generally contain stem bark. Spondias Wild Mango Spondias pinnata is a plant mentioned in Ayurveda for the treatment of pinnata diarrhea, irregular menstruation, anorexia, indigestion and nausea. Sponidas mangifera is also used synonymously. Dillenia Dog Teak According to Ayurveda, the plant pacifies vitiated vata, kapha, anal fistula, pentagyna wounds, diabetes, diabetic carbuncle, neuritis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and burning sensation. 2.4.2.6 Issues of Bio conservation in Mizoram Mizoram has a very rich biodiversity, in accordance with the enormous diversity of ecosystems that make up the State. This diversity at the species, sub-species and variety level, is a result of evolutionary processes. However, in the last few decades, this diversity has faced increasing erosion. Habitat loss, hunting and over-exploitation of resources, introduction of exotic species in river ecosystems, poisoning and other factors including progressive disempowerment of local communities, population growth and destabilization of Mizo traditional management systems, have caused this loss. The dimensions of the loss are as yet unclear, as baseline data, research and monitoring are poorly developed in the State. Some elements of the loss, which have remained undetected or severely under-studied, include decline of the sub-species and varieties. This silent erosion is not necessarily due to anthropogenic factors, but often due to complex and less understood environmental factors. Thus, for conservation measures to be implemented effectively, it is imperative to have a basic understanding of the flora and fauna of the State, beginning with status surveys. Green Circle Inc. 52 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.4.3 Floristics – Project Districts26 2.4.3.1 Forest Cover Total RFA in Mammit District is 1599.13 Sq. Km which is 53% of total Geographical area. Total forest cover in terms of canopy cover in the project district i.e., Mammit is 2716.87 sq km, which is 90 % of the project district’s geographical area. Please refer Table 2.14. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the project districts have 52.02 sq km under VDF, 757.8 sq km under MDF and 1907.05 sq km under OF. The details of forest cover of subproject districts are given below in Table 2.15 and Map 2-16. Table 2-14: Forest Area Classification– Project Districts District 2019 Assessment Forest area Sq. Km Geographical area of RF Riverine RF Total % Total of Project District Sq. Km District GA Mammit 3025.75 1126.63 472.50 1,599.13 53 Table 2-15: Forest Canopy Cover – Project Districts District 2019 Assessment Forest area Sq. Km Geographical area of Project VDF MDF OF Total % Total of District Sq. Km District GA Mammit 3025.75 52.02 757.80 1907.05 2716.87 90 The final layout of TLs has been carefully selected from three given options. Final routes of TL and DL and sites for construction of new S/S don’t involve any monuments of historical or cultural significance. It is clear from the FEAR studies that the project area is rich in natural forest resources and biodiversity values. Though careful route selection through meticulous planning and ground study the IA could avoid the virgin forest and core wildlife habitat of Dampa Tiger Reserve (DTR), but in spite of taking all precautions involvement of some buffer area of DTR couldn’t be achieved completely due to geographical constraint and location of substations/load centers. The approximately 33km of route 132/33 kV West Phaileng to Marpara TL is passing through Buffer zone of DTR. The Detailed Map and Alternative alignment analysis is given in Annexure 3. Thus, the minimum loss of forest & biodiversity upto great extent is achieved. Total 104.77 Ha of RF of buffer zone of DTR is needed to be diverted for the construction of line under NERSIP scheme. Accordingly, Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. The copy is given in Annexure 4. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Apart from this, biodiversity assessment studies have been also carried out to integrate site specific mitigation measures on ground during actual execution of the project. The proposed intervention entails possible positive as well as negative impacts. Also, with implementation of various management measures as listed in EMP and Biodiversity Report along with the recommendations and specific conditions in Forest clearance obtained, it is envisaged that intensity of possible impacts is nullified to the extent possible. Since, the subject project area experiences acute shortage of power, the project will directly benefit the locals in meeting their energy needs. The infrastructural constraints are very real and pose a limiting factor on the development of the area. The availability of power will also strengthen the basic infrastructure in the area, which is essential for development of the area. Thus, project in long run will bring much needed development in the area and significantly improve living standard of the locals. 26 India State of Forest Report (ISFR), 2019 Green Circle Inc. 53 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-16: Forest Classification Map, Mammit District27 27 Department of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, GOM, 2021 Green Circle Inc. 54 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.4.4 Study Area Baseline Data Collection The study area for the floristic surveys has already been defined in the Chapter 1 which is defined as area in the proximity of the proposed TLs on both left and right sides, corridors of TL routes and S/S. The description of the vegetation is based upon these observations and data collected around each site collected through transects as already mentioned above. In general, the vegetation in and areas around sampling sites is comprised of tropical wet evergreen and moist deciduous floral elements. Therefore, field surveys for the assessment and composition of vegetation were conducted to assess the floral wealth in the proximity to the towers, S/S and along the routes of TL. A series of transects were identified along the routes of TL covering the corridors between the ROW of TL and S/S. The basis of data collection is along the route of the TL considering a RoW of 27 mts for 132 kV line. For homogenous stretches / sections of the route like along paddy field, along tea garden etc. data collection is carried out section wise. During the surveys, 10 to 50 % of total route length was covered to collect baseline data, because entire route is not accessible at present. As regard substation, the whole S/S area was covered. Details of transects locations selected for phytosociological survey are as given in Table 2.16. Table 2-16: Transmission Lines and Transects Locations for Vegetation Sampling Sr. Name of Line and Locations of Stretch Covered and No. of Section % Covered No. samplings Poles Length for Line Survey 1 West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV AP-1 to 12 33 km 50% S/C line on D/C tower (to be AP-20 to 31 charged at 33 KV) - approx. 50.265 AP- 34 to 47 km AP-50 to 108 2.4.4.1 Taxonomic Diversity of Project TL alignment: A total of 203 species of plants belonging to 160 genera and 73 families were documented from the study site. Out of this, 96 species of trees; 86 species of herbs, shrubs and climbers; and 21 species of bamboo, orchids and ferns were documented. Conservation status of plant species found in the study area was assessed using IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version 2020.1 (accessed in 2021) as well as Red Data Book of Indian Plants by BSI. The list is well given in Appendix A under Heading B with IUCN Status. During present study the actual tree enumeration in the complete corridor was carried out by IA. Total 138648 trees are counted amongst which 35686 trees may be impacted during construction of said TL in buffer zone for construction of 78 towers considering an area of each tower base and 6m below conductor for 33km stretch of line. In Nonforest Area total 3450 trees likely to be affected. Dominant species recorded in the project area are Tamarindus Indica, Emblica Officinalis, Anacardium Occidentale, Andrpgraphis Paniculata, Adina cordifolia, Bamboo, Lagerstroemia Parviflora, Chukrasia Tabularis, Brassaia Actinophylla, Albizzia lebbeck, Adena Cardifolia, Gmelin Arborea, Artocarpus Heterophyllus, Phoebe Attenuata Nees., Chukrasia Tabularis, Syzigium Cumini, Mesua ferea, Chukrasia Tabularis, Ficus Religiosa, Ficus Bengalensis, Tamarindus indicus. On the basis of Rare, Endangered, threatened assessment of the species, it was found that most of the species were in the not evaluated category as per the IUCN category list. However, one species found of high conservation importance i.e., Dipterocarpus indicus (Endangered category). Green Circle Inc. 55 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.4.4.2 Economically Important Plant Species The people of the area use wild plants in their daily life as food, medicine, fibre, fodder, fuel wood, timber, vegetables, fruits and various minor forest products. Horticulture is the major occupation in the project area with fruit bearing trees cultivated. Among horticultural crops are pineapple, banana, orange, passion fruit, jackfruit, guava, ziziphus, jamun, imli etc. Among vegetable Chili, Colocasia, leafy vegetables, tapioca, pumpkin and ginger are common. Among Timber wood teak is very major portion. Bamboo plantation is in vast area. 2.4.4.3 Invasive Species and Their Control During field survey Chromolaena odorata, Oroxylum indicum invasive species are recorded in the study area i.e., transects studied along the TL and S/S. Considered as one of the most invasive weeds. Are amongst one of 100 species of the most invasive of the IUCN list. The presence of invasive plant species is indicative of degradation of vegetation. The newly disturbed ground is prime habitat for more invasive species to colonize. A protective approach is required for eliminating or control the spread and establishment of invasive plants species, for which there are two key elements. First, project authorities would ensure to uproot all existing alien/invasive species from the labor colony and other working areas. Secondly, project workers are discouraged to plant any alien and/or invasive species in the camp and colony areas, which may spread in the forest areas. Eliminating the invasive species by uprooting or pulling is laborious but may be the best choice for on steep or rough terrain. Replanting the area immediately with a desirable selection of native plants is necessary. There must be an emphasis on early detection and eradication of these invasive species populations in the area especially the new population. To control and check the growth of invasive species, plantation of indigenous species in the area occupied by invasive species is also necessary. The other factor that helps in control of non-indigenous species is the increase of knowledge and awareness among the workers and villagers. In the present project, none of the project activity contribute in the growth of any invasive species. 2.4.4.4 Faunal Elements Faunal elements of the study area, were studied during floral survey / vegetation profile study of the project ROW. During the field surveys, no species encountered. However, during interaction with local people and forest department officials, fauna species generally found in the project area, are recorded. It is also noted that the number of mammal’s species is decreasing gradually in the area and they are occasionally seen. Faunal elements are recorded in the study area based on information from local people and secondary data. The faunal data comprises of 93 bird species, 11 mammal species, 5 amphibians, 9 reptiles, and 42 butterfly species. Amongst Fauna in the project area Labrix salsala, Anthene lycaenina, Caleta elna, Caleta roxus Tirumala septentrionis, Parthenos sylvia, Pseudergolis wedah, Arctogalidia trivirgata, Prionailurus bengalensis, Muntiacus muntjac, Corvus spp, Columba livia, Bos taurus are recorded. The 11 species of mammals found in the biodiversity assessment of the area which were recorded and categorized into the various IUCN Categories. On analysis it was found that most of the species were in the category of least concern. However, there is one endangered species Green Circle Inc. 56 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram viz. Hoolock hoolock, and Trachypithecus pileatus and Macaca arctiodes were found in the vulnerable category. On assessment of avian diversity in the area, a sample of 93 species was found. The Rare, Endangered and Threatened species assessment of the species reveals that 90 number of the species were in the category of Least concern followed by 3 number of species which were found in the Near Threatened Category. The near Threatened species is White Cheeked Partridge, Ashy-headed green pigeon and Great hornbill are recorded in the study area. In the others category, four fauna families were assessed. These are Frog, Lizards, Snake and Butterfly. A total number of 57 species were found in all these categories. On Rare, Endangered and Threatened species assessment of the species; it was found that all of the species were in the category of Least concern and Not Evaluated. 2.4.4.5 Biodiversity with Respect to Dampa Tiger Reserve The State of Mizoram has 10 protected areas (National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries) constituting about 1240.75 Sq. Km. of total geographical area. Out of the 10 protected areas in the State, Dampa Tiger Reserve, the largest protected area in Mizoram is a part of the Indo Myanmar biodiversity hotspot. Dampa has one of the last remaining low to mid-elevation forests in western Mizoram. In Mizoram it is a biodiversity hotspot with a variety of flora andfauna of Indo-Malayan origin. The Reserve is rich in vegetation and floristic diversity that are well preserved. Haridasan et al. (2016) found that the Dampa Tiger Reserve not only shelters a good number of threatened plants but also harbors a large pool of important species which are directly beneficial to the fauna. The Reserve also supports a considerable number of species that contribute to the livelihood and health security of the surrounding community. Dampa is also known as one of the Important Bird Area (IBA) known for rich avian fauna.It is also an area where the highest diversity of primates in India has been recorded (Choudhury 2001). Notable ones are the Hoolock Gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), Phayre’s Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus hayrei) and Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang). The Leaf Monkey is reportedly endemic to the Reserve. Binturong or Bear Cat Arctictis binturong is a nocturnal animal of dense forests, hence difficult to see, but reportedly present in Dampa. The Malayan Sun Bear, which was thought to be extinct in the wild from Indian sub-continent had been recently recorded and photographed through camera trap at Dampa Tiger Reserve. Camera-trapping investigations conducted by the Forest Department documented at least 30 species of mammals in this reserve. The area is also extremely important for amphibians and reptiles. In the year of 2001, Panwar and Birand reported twenty species of amphibians, mainly frogs, and 43 species of reptiles, including 16 species of lizards. High density of clouded leopards and marbled cats which are categorized as vulnerable and near threatened as per the IUCN Red List have also been reported. Density of clouded leopard was reported to be 5.14 per 100 square km and 5.03 pe100 square km for marbled cats. This was the highest density for Clouded Leopards recorded in Southeast Asia. 2.4.5 Protected Areas – Mizoram State Mizoram has two National Parks (NP) and Eight Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS) covering an area of 1728.75 Sq. Km constituting 5.89% of the total geographical area of the State. There is no notified elephant reserve/ corridor found in Mizoram. Map of PA of Mizoram State is shown in Map 2-17. Green Circle Inc. 57 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 2-17: PA of Mizoram State Sr. No. Name of Protected Areas Area in sq.km District 1. Murlen National Park 100 Champhai 2. Phawngpui National Park 50 Lawngtlai 3. Dampa Tiger Reserve 500 Mamit 4. Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary 110 Lawngtlai 5. Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary 35.75 Lunglei 6. Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary 60 Champhai 7. Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary 35 Aizawl 8. Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary 50 Lunglei 9. Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary 50 Kolasib 10. Tokalo Wildlife Sanctuary 250 Saiha 2.4.5.1 PA with respect to project districts: As stated earlier in project description, the Proposed TL is passing through Buffer area of DTR. Though careful route selection through meticulous planning and ground study the IA could avoid the virgin forest and core wildlife habitat of DTR, but in spite of taking all precautions involvement of some buffer area of DTR couldn’t be achieved completely due to geographical constraint and location of substations/load centers. In order to minimize impact on forest and wildlife, the route of the 132 kV West Phaileng – Marpara T/L is proposed along the road from West Phaileng to Phuldungsei and last at the Tower location at AP 129/0. This will enable transportation of construction equipment/tower materials through the road and also facilitate the operation and maintenance of the line in future. The proposed route is the shortest and the most feasible route from all aspects which has been selected among all the alternatives routes explored during detail survey. However, a portion of the route has to pass through Buffer zone of DTR since both the connecting 132 kV S/S are located on either side of the buffer zone. The avoidance of the buffer zone is entirely not possible due to the physical & complex terrain of the area. Since, development projects in Tiger reserve area attract provisions of Wildlife Conservation Act, 1972 and require prior wildlife clearance along with Forest Clearance as per Forest Conservation Act, 1980, therefore, it is mooted to apply for wildlife clearance for the proposed 132 kV West Phaileng - Marpara TL as per the provision of the Act. The technical details of the proposed route &status of forest/wildlife clearances are states as below: Name of project for which WL Construction of 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) West Phaileng (DAMPA clearance is required TIGER RESRVE) to Marpara Transmission line under NERPSIP MIZORAM. Total Line Length 50.265 Km Details of wildlife area involved Buffer Zone of DAMPA Tiger Reserve (i.e. part of DTR) Total no of towers to be erected 129 Nos amongst total 174 in WL area Total wildlife area involved 104.77 Ha Present Status of WL proposal Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Present Status of Forest Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January proposal 2021. The copy is given in Annexure 4. Likely impact of the project on The overall impact of the project on protected area (PA) i.e., buffer zone of protected area (PA) DAMPA Tiger Reserve is assessed as minimum which can be addressed through proper mitigation measures as recommended. The consolidated Map of PAs with respect to FEAR 2 Project is depicted as Map 2.18 and Map 2.19. The 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) West Phaileng (DAMPA TIGER RESRVE) to Marpara TL with respect to DTR map and its location in Buffer zone of DTR is shown in Annexure 3 and Map 2.20. Green Circle Inc. 58 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram For sustainable development, it is important to understand social and economic conditions of the community in the region, impacts of development on the community, measures to mitigate negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts. For new development initiatives, socio economic assessment plays an important role to ensure community participation and their acceptance of the development activity. It also helps in planning the activities for local area development. Map 2-17: Map of PA (Eco sensitive zones) of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 59 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-18: Map of PA (Eco sensitive zones) of Mizoram FEAR Project Lines Green Circle Inc. 60 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-19: FEAR 2– Subprojects and PAs Green Circle Inc. 61 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-20: FEAR 2– DTR and FEAR 2 LIne Green Circle Inc. 62 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.5 Socio Economic Environment 2.5.1 Human and Economic Development – Mizoran State28: Mizoram’s gross state domestic product (GSDP) in 2012-2013 stood at Rs. 7714 crores. The state's gross state domestic product (GSDP) growth rate was nearly 10% annually over 2001- 2013 period. Both Agriculture and Industries contribute around 20% each in state’s economy, while the contribution of tertiary/service sector stands at 60%. Though, the contribution of Agriculture in economy is around 20%, about 60% of state’s population depen ds upon agriculture and allied sector. Jhum cultivation is still carried out in state. Paddy is the primary food crop of the state. Mandarin Orange, Hatkora, Lemon, Banana, Pineapple, Papaya, Grape, Avocado are the main fruits grown in the state. The major vegetables grown in the state include Squash, Potato, Cabbage, Brinjal, Tomato, French Bean, Lady’s Finger, Pumpkin, French Mustard, Bitter gourd etc. Various spices like Turmeric, Chillies, Ginger and Chillies are also grown. Industrial sector in Mizoram is limited to Micro and Small Industries. Upto 2010-11, 8088 small scale industrial units were registered in the state. However, there is good potential for development of Agriculture based and Forest product based industries in the state. Zoram Industrial Development Corporation (ZIDCO) has been established by the state Govt. in collaboration with the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI). The purpose of ZIDCO is to set up industrial units of its own as well as to assist various enterprises. Another similar organization called Zoram Electronics Development Corporation has been established to promote electronics industry. Similarly, a State Government Undertaking called Mizoram Food and Allied Industries Corporation has been established to develop industries based on agro- horticulture products. With abundant scenic beauty and a pleasant climate, Mizoram has huge potential to develop its tourism related industries. The per capita income of Mizoram stood at Rs. 54689 against a National per capita income of Rs. 61,564 in year 2011-12. The state scores high on the front of literacy with a literacy rate of 91.6%, which is 3rd highest in India. The sex ratio of the state stands at 1000:975 against the National sex ratio of 1000:940. There are 370 Health Sub Centres, 57 PHCs and 12 CHCs in the state. About 25.2% of children are malnourished, while infant mortality rate stands at 37 per 1000 infants born. The state has around 3894 numbers of schools at different level of education. 2.5.2 Economic Development – Project Districts 2.5.2.1 Economy – Mammit District: The economy of the Mamit district is basically Agro-based. Paddy which is the staple food of the populace is the main crop. Jhum type cultivation is the most popular type of cultivation and comprises the main source of agricultural products. Soil is fertile and major crops production, which is paddy, in the district takes place during the Kharif season. In Rabbi season, Mustard, Cabbage, Radish, Carrot, Tomato, Potato, Pulses are grown. The district is famous for Oranges and Hatkora fruits. The vegetation is an admixture of species which ranges from bamboos and canes to fuel woods and timber species. The major allied activity in the district is Animal Husbandry (piggery and Poultry). 28Economic Review of Mizoram, 2018-19, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Planning (Statistics) Department, Government of Mizoram, Aizawl Green Circle Inc. 63 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.5.3 Demography – Mizoram State29 The detail analysis of Population Census 2011 published by Govt. of India for Mizoram state reveal that population of Mizoram has increased by 23.48% in this decade compared (2001- 2011) to past decade (1991-2001). The density of Mizoram state in the current decade is 135 per sq mile. Mizoram is a State of India with population of Approximate 10.97 Lakhs. The population of Mizoram state is 1,097,206. The density of Mizoram state is 52 persons per sq km. The details are as below; Table 2-18: Demography details of Mizoram Particulars Details Number of Households 222853 Population 1097206 Number of HH 222079 Male Population 555339 (50.61%) Female Population 541867 (49.39%) Children Population 168531 Area 21081 km2 Population density/km2 52.11 Sex-ratio 976 Literacy 91.33% Male Literacy 89.27% Female Literacy 75.6% Scheduled Tribes (ST) % 95.04% Scheduled Caste (SC) % 0.11% Main Workers numbers 4,15,030 Marginal Workers Numbers 71,675 Non-Workers 610501 Total Workers 4,86,705 % of total workers to total population 44.36% Cultivators 2,29,603 Agricultural Labourers 41,787 Workers in household industry 7,852 Other Workers 2,07,463 2.5.3.1 Demography – Project Districts Population of the Mammit District in Mizoram from where the Project Lines are passing and S/S are planned as per 2011 census are as shown in Table No. 2.30 through Table 2.32. 29 Census of India, 2011 Green Circle Inc. 64 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 2-19: Demography details of Project District Sr. No. District HH Population Literacy Rate % Sex Density Schedule Caste Schedule Tribes Male Female Total Male Female Total Ratio / sq. km. Male Female Total % Male Female Total % 1 Mammit 17664 44828 41536 86364 89.13 80.35 84.93 927 29 42 9 51 0.06 42075 40005 82080 95.04 Note : Sex Ratio = (Females / 1000 * males), %=(ST or SC total/ Total District population*100), Literacy rate=(total male / female literate/total population*100) Table 2-20: Occupational Pattern of Project Districts Sr. District Total Workers Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-Worker No Male Female Total % Male Female Total % Male Female Total % Male Female Total % 1 Mammit 24016 15323 39339 45.55 23226 12959 36185 41.90 790 2364 3154 3.65 20812 26213 47025 54.45 Note: Total Worker% = Total Worker/ Total Population x 100, Main Worker% = Main Worker/ Total Worker x 100, Marginal Worker% = Marginal Worker/ Total Worker x 100, Non-Worker% = Non-Worker/ Total Population x 100 Table 2-21: Main Worker Profile of Project Districts Sr. District Main Cultivators Agricultural Labor Household Industry Worker Other Workers No. Workers Male Female Total % Male Female Total % Male Female Total % Male Female Total % 1 Mammit 39339 17067 11602 28669 72.88 1245 1308 2553 6.49 164 98 262 0.67 5540 2315 7855 19.97 Note: Total Cultivator% = Total Cultivator/ Main Worker x 100, Total Agricultural Labour% = Total Agricultural Labour/ Main Worker x 100, Household Industry Worker% = Total Household Industry Worker/ Main Worker x 100, Total Other Workers% = Total Other Workers/ Main Worker x 100 Green Circle Inc. 65 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2.6 Baseline Description of the Subproject areas The baseline data around the sub-project sites is broadly in conformity with the data of the project district i.e., Mammit. However, the topography encountered around the TL route alignment and S/S is almost hilly and slopy terrain. In case tower/pole locations are on hill terrain and where ever positioning of tower on hill top is not possible leg extension is being utilized so as to minimize/ avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. All the S/S are planned and being constructed with international sustainable technology with earthquake resistant architecture. The TL line is passing through Highly dissected Structural Hills. The rock type is mostly shale stone with conglomerate of sandstone and pebble bed. A major portion of the TL passes through Forest Plantation (Segun), open forest, Bamboo Forest, Orange Plantation and grazing land. The TL route involve notified reserve forest land of DTR Buffer zone. 104.77 Ha of RF is being diverted for the project purpose and hence require the forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 along with NBWL approval. Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. The copy is given in Annexure 4. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Besides other than DTR, all other PAs like NP, WLS, Biosphere Reserve etc.; Natural habitats, IBAs, Sacred groves, Wetlands and designated wildlife/elephant etc. have been completely avoided. Please refer Map 2.19. The land use along the RoW (27 m for 132 kV) of TLs comprises Forest Plantation (Segun), open forest, Bamboo Forest, Orange Plantation and grazing land, private plantation and government land. The total length of the project TL is 50.265 km and total number of 174 towers are being/to be erected along the proposed TL. There is no change in length of the TL as compared with the earlier length of TL in IEAR. The Wildlife Mitigation Plan is prepared by IA on recommendations by SBWL and NBWL and Forest Department and is submitted along with the application to SBWL and NBWL Committee. Also, Biodiversity Study is carried out by Assam State Biodiversity Board for the DTR project impacted area. Forest Department and NBWL has approved the EMP prepared. Please refer Annexure 5. Implementation of the EMP measures and recommendations of NOCs obtained, has resulted into abatement of potential impacts due to construction activity on the environmental and social environment as envisaged in IEAR. The details are discussed in Chapter 4. Due impact assessment and mitigation measures are implemented as per prescribed EMP and following ESPPF prepared by PEDM. The details are discussed in Chapter 5. Since the proposed DL between existing West Phaileng 33/11 kV S/S and New West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S connects two S/S in close vicinity having line length of only 100 mt, no alternative have been studied for the subject line as there are no environment or social issues involved including forest/ ecological sensitive area that require such studies. All the other environmental settings like soil strata and vegetation is similar to nonforest area of the TL and hence similar explanation. It has been observed that most of these S/S lands were secured by PEDM since long back. As these S/S locations are easily accessible with existing metal roads construction of new approach road is not required. The details of requirement of approach road along with google map photos of S/S depicting status of approach have been placed at Table 2.22. However, it is to submit that in both cases of S/S i.e., 132/11kV West Phaileng S/S - 80m and 132/33kV Marpara S/S - 130m, strengthening / upgradation work of existing road is required to be undertaken to facilitate movement of construction materials and machineries to the construction sites of S/S in consultation with local authority and villagers. Accordingly, the NOC for Huas Passing and Road Construction for 132/11 kV West Phaileng S/S from Respective authority i.e., Village Council / court of West Phaileng is obtained. Please Refer Annexure 4. Green Circle Inc. 66 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 2-22: Baseline Environmental Settings of Substation Locations Sr. Name of SS Area Location Surrounding Accessibility Land No Acres Status 1 132/33 kV 3.92 The proposed land is The land use Location is Donated (New) within the existing surrounding the just adjacent land and substation campus of 33/11kV Proposed S/S site is to West already in at West West-Phaileng mostly Jhum Phaileng possession Phaileng S/S which is located cultivated land having Marpara with PEDM adjacent to West medium dense tree road. Hence, Phaileng – Marpara cover owned by no approach PWD road and appx. individual/ road 3.5 km from the community. No required. nearest West habitation is found Phaileng settlement except residential area. Land is inside quarters within the buffer zone of the S/S campus. Dampa Tiger Reserve including the entire West Phaileng area. Co-ordinates: 23º40’29.50”N, 92º28’50.01” E 2 132/33 kV 4.34 The proposed land is The land use Location is Land (New) located adjacent to surrounding the just adjacent already in substation West Phaileng – proposed S/S site is to West possession at Marpara Marpara PWD road mostly jhum Phaileng with PEDM and appx. 4 km cultivated land having Marpara road. before reaching the medium dense tree Hence, no Marpara area. cover owned by approach Co-ordinates: individual/ road required. 23º16’58.19”N, community. 92º25’39.52”E Sparse habitation is found on the Southern part of the proposed site. Details of land use / land cover and environmental setting of final route alignment describing important features discussed in detail in Chapter 4. Regular environmental monitoring is being carried out at S/S locations during Construction activity. It is being observed that during construction activity dust emission is not envisaged as water sprinkling activity is regularly carried out at construction site which has nullified the impact of dust emission in the area. Construction activity is carried out in the confined space and locations are far from nearby habitations. Thus, Noise impacts are not envisaged. However, the baseline environmental monitoring for water and noise environment at various locations of subproject construction sites are being carried out as regular activity as part of EMP during construction phase by construction contractors. All the analysis results are found within prescribed limits. Green Circle Inc. 67 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 2-21: Google Maps of S/S Before and After Construction Work Showing Status 132/33 kV West Phaileng S/S Project Area Approach Road S/S Site in 2017 - Before Construction Project Area Approach Road S/S Site in 2021 - Construction WIP Detailed S/S site Photographs are presented in Chapter 4 in Section 4.3 Green Circle Inc. 68 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 132/33 kV Marpara S/S Project Area Approach Road S/S Site in 2015 - Before Construction Project Area Approach Road S/S Site in 2021 - Construction WIP Detailed S/S site Photographs are presented in Chapter 4 in Section 4.3 Green Circle Inc. 69 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram The during the field surveys it was tried to survey minimum 10% of the route for flora data collection, which in some cases constituted a continuous stretch and, in some cases, could be covered in parts. The stretches were selected considering diversity of flora. At some places along the alignment, forest plantation is recorded which is homogenous. In Mizoram State rare and endangered species of both Flora and Fauna are listed in Section 2.4. However, during field survey one tree species found of high conservation importance i.e., Dipterocarpus indicus (Endangered category) as per IUCN 2020.1. During field survey Chromolaena odorata, Oroxylum indicum invasive species are recorded in the study area i.e., transects studied along the TL and S/S. One endangered species viz. Hoolock hoolock. Trachypithecus pileatus and Macaca arctiodes were found in the vulnerable category in the study area. The near Threatened Of species is White Cheeked Partridge, Ashy-headed green pigeon and Great hornbill are also recorded as per Conservation Status IUCN (2020.1). The fauna elements were found less during field surveys in the project areas except some bird and common fauna. Hence the data was collected through consultations with local public, Forest department officials and POWERGRID officials working in the project area. Also, the Biodiversity study report was referred for the details. The detailed vegetation assessment is discussed in Section 2.4.4 and list of vegetation recorded during field survey is depicted in Appendix A under Heading B. In Mizoram Tree cutting in nonforest area is a regulatory activity and forest NOC is to be taken prior to the tree cutting. Supreme court has issued Guidelines for the felling of trees from Non- Forest Areas, 2004. The guidelines have procedure to obtain NOC from Divisional Forest Officer (DFO). The guidelines also mention the tree species which do not require NOC under the said notification. Please refer Annexure 6 for the guidelines. Also, MoEFCC, GoM has issued notification Dated 9th August 2019 in connection with the guidelines for Felling of trees from Non- Forest Area for the list of trees exempted from the requirement of feeling permission in Mizoram. During present study the actual tree enumeration in the complete corridor was carried out by IA. Total 138648 trees are counted amongst which 35686 trees may be impacted during construction of said TL in buffer zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve for construction of 78 towers considering an area of each tower base and 6m below conductor for 33km stretch of line. In Nonforest Area total 3450 trees likely to be affected. However, it was tried to retain maximum trees on site. Only grass growth on the S/S plot was cleared during land development prior to construction. At TL locations trees were maximum tried to trim limited to the locations where the hight of trees was hindering the work. It is mandatory to do the compensatory afforestation (CAMPA) as per the forest clearances obtained for the project. As per specific conditions in Forest Clearance obtained from MoEFCC, the compensatory afforestation is to be / being carried out on double the degraded forest area as suggested and identified by forest department. POWERGRID / IA has paid the requisite cost as per prescribed law for the CAMPA to Forest department. It may also be noted that the user agency/ IA has no role in taking CAMPA activity except deposition of CA cost to forest dept/CAMPA rather it is the forest dept responsibility to undertake the plantation as per CA scheme. The details are explained in the evaluation chapter 5 Section 5.2.4. Electricity is one of the basic needs of 21st century. The subproject area is overall backward in terms of economic activities and lacks good communication system, shortage of power and lack of proper irrigation & marketing facilities add to the poverty of the district. The current project will be helpful for the local people of project district to uplift their economic condition. After improvement of the power supply, the socioeconomic status of this area will be improved this will possibly attract industrial & commercial investments in this area. While discussing with local people of project area, it was observed that they are very helpful and cooperating contractors and Power Grid personnel for completion of this project. In conclusion, local people feel that their socioeconomic condition will upgrade because of this project. Green Circle Inc. 70 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 3. POLICY, LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 3.1 Introduction Power transmission project activities by their inherent nature and flexibility have negligible impacts on environmental and social attributes. Indian laws relating to environmental and social issues have strengthened in the last decade both due to local needs and international commitments. PEDM undertakes its activities within the purview of Indian and State specific laws keeping in mind appropriate international obligations and directives and guidelines with respect to environmental and social considerations of Funding Agencies. 3.2 Constitutional Provisions Subsequent to the first United Nations Conference on Human Environment at Stockholm in June, 1972, which emphasized the need to preserve and protect the natural environment, the Constitution of India was amended through the historical 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 by inserting Article 48-A and 51-A(g) for protection and promotion of the environment under the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Duties respectively. The amendment, inter alia provide: • "The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country". (New Article 48A) • "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures”. (New Article 51 A (g)) • Article 21 of the constitution provides, “no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”. Article 21 is the heart of the fundamental rights and has received expanded meaning from time to time after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1978. The Article 21 guarantee fundamental right to life – a life of dignity to be lived in a proper environment, free of danger of disease and infection. The right to live in a healthy environment is part of Article 21 of the Constitution. Recently, Supreme Court has broadly and liberally interpreted the Article 21, transgressed into the area of protection of environment, and held that the protection of environment and citizen’s right to live in eco-friendly atmosphere interpreted as the basic right guaranteed under Article 21. Thus, the Indian Constitution has now two-fold provision: a. On the one hand, it gives directive to the State for the protection and improvement of environment. b. On the other hand, the citizens owe a constitutional duty to protect and improve natural environment. Article 371 G Provides special provision with respect to state of Mizoram which states “no act of parliament in respect of religious and social practices of the Mizos, Mizo customary laws and procedures, administration of civil and criminal justices involving decisions according to Mizo customary law and ownership and transfer of land shall apply to the state of Mizoram, unless Legislative Assembly of the state, by a resolution, so decides”. Green Circle Inc. 72 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Sixth Schedule Sixth Schedule Special provisions have been extended to the Tribal Areas of the Mizoram state under the Sixth Schedule [Articles 244(2) and 275(1) of the constitution] in addition to basic fundamental rights. The Sixth Schedule is entirely focused at protection of tribal areas and interests by allowing self-governance through constitutional institutions at the district or regional level. These institutions are entrusted with the twin task of protecting tribal cultures and customs and undertaking development tasks. The Sixth Schedule provides for administration of tribal areas as autonomous entities. The administration of an autonomous district is vested in a District Council and of an autonomous region, in a Regional Council. These Councils are endowed with legislative, judicial, executive and financial powers. These institutions were expected to integrate these areas with the modern system of administration while preserving the traditional autonomy and local self-governing institutes of the tribal people. There are three District Councils cover two administrative districts- Lawngthlai and Saiha. 1. Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) – Area 1,500 sq km. 2. Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC) – Area 1,445 sq. km 3. Lai Autonomous District Council (LADC) – Area 1,871 sq.km. Constitutional provisions in regard to social safeguards are well enshrined in the preamble such as JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles guarantee the right to life and liberty. Health, safety and livelihood have been interpreted as part of this larger right. Social safeguards provisions are dealt in detail in different Article such as Article-14, 15 17, 23, 24, 25, 46, 330, 332 etc. POWERGRID have implemented the said constitutional provision in true sprit to fulfill its environmental and social obligations and responsibilities. 3.3 Environmental Provisions Environmental issues of T&D projects are manageable given the inherently small ‘foot print’ of towers and flexibility in siting facilities within a relatively large host area and are mostly localized to RoW. However, TL project may have some adverse effects on natural resources. These impacts can be minimized by careful route selection and siting of S/S. The applicable acts, rules, and relevant policies in the context of the project and its status of compliance are presented in Table 3.1. 3.4 Social Provisions The applicable acts, rules, and relevant policies in the context of the project and its status of compliance are presented in Table 3.2. 3.5 World Bank Operation Policy When WB provide governments with financing to invest in projects such as building a road, connecting people to electricity, or treating waste water, WB aim to ensure that the people and the environment are protected from potential adverse impacts. WB do this through policies that identify, avoid, and minimize harm to people and the environment. These policies require the borrowing governments to address certain environmental and social risks in order to receive WB support for investment projects. The mandatory environment and social requirements with respect to WB Operational Policies are presented in Table 3.3. Green Circle Inc. 73 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 3-1: Environmental Provisions Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies 1.1 GoM order/sanction To consolidate the laws relating to generation, transmission, Applicable - TL projects are constructed Complied with: MoP, under Electricity Act, distribution, trading and use of electricity. under the ambit of Electricity Act, 2003 GoI approved the 2003 Under the provisions of Section 68(1):- following the provisions of Section 67 & NERPSIP Prior approval of the Govt. of Mizoram (GoT) is a mandatory 68 of act Comprehensive scheme requirement to undertake any new transmission and distribution for six North Eastern project of system in the State States including Mizoram under vide its Office Memorandum dated 1st December 2014. 1.2 Forest (Conservation)Act, To protect and conserve Forest Areas and Tree Cover. Any TL/ DL Applicable- Since 104.77 HA of RF of Complied. 1980 traverses forest land, prior clearance is mandatorily required from DTR Buffer Zone is involved in 132/33 Stage I Forest Clearance Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC), GoI kV W. Phaileng – Marpara TL forest obtained on 15th under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. clearance under FC Act 1980 is January 2021 When transmission projects pass through forest land, prior applicable in instant case clearance has to be obtained from Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC), GoI under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 before starting any construction activity in designated forest area Wild life (Protection) Act, To protect and conserve the Wildlife and habitation. Any TL/ DL Since The 132/33 kV W. Phaileng – Proposal recommended 1972 traverses PA, prior clearance is mandatorily required from NBWL Marpara TL is passing through Dampa by Standing Committee GoI under the Wild life (Protection) Act, 1972. TR forest of buffer zone NBWL of NBWL in the clearance under WL Protection act meeting held on 1972 is applicable in instant case. 03.07.20 1.3 Environment (Protection) TL projects are exempted from of Environment (Protection) Act, Applicable Complied with: Act,1986/Environment 1986 EIA Notification, 2006. However, amendment in the Though some limited compliance Though applicable as it Impact Assessment Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 on 7th May’ 1992 made it measures notified under this EPA, 1986 is umbrella legislation, Notification,2006 necessary to obtain clearance from MoEFCC for power are to be adhered to relevant rules and however, as such transmission projects in three districts in the Aravalis (viz., Alwar regulations under the EPA, 1986 statutory permission/ in Rajasthan and Gurgaon & Nuh- Mewat in Haryana). applicable to the operations of PEDM license is not required (i) Ozone depleting Regulate and control manufacturing, import, export and use of Applicable Complied with: Only Substances (Regulation Ozone Depleting Substances under Montreal Protocol adopted on As per the notification, certain control CFC free equipment and Control) Rules, 2000 16th September 1987 and regulation has been imposed on are being procured/ manufacturing, import, export, and use specified in tender of these compounds. document Green Circle Inc. 74 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies (ii) Batteries (Management Provides certain restriction on disposal of used batteries and its Applicable during operation phase only Batteries will be used and Handling) Rules, handling and to file half yearly return in prescribed form to the Used batteries to be disposed to during operational 2001 concerned SPCB. dealers, manufacturer, registered phase. Hence, the issue recycler, reconditioners or at the of proper handling and designated collection centers only. A disposal of batteries as half-yearly return to be filed as per per the rules is not an Form-8 to the TSPCB issue during the construction phase. (iii) Hazardous Wastes Provides for environmentally sound management of hazardous Applicable Generally Used oil is (Management, Handling wastes so as to ensure no adverse effects that may result from Requires proper handling, storage and generated after 10-15 and Trans boundary such waste. Used transformer oil is categorized as hazardous disposed only to authorized disposal years of operation of Movement) Rules, 2016 waste which has to be disposed of only through auctioned/sold to facility (registered recyclers/ transformers and registered recyclers only and file annual return on prescribed reprocessors). In case it is decided to therefore, the handling form to the concerned SPCB. outsource the process of recycle of used and disposal of oil to registered recycler as per the hazardous transformer provisions of notification then PEDM oil is not an issue at this submit the desired return in prescribed stage. form to concerned MPCB at the time of disposal of used oil (iv) E-waste (Management To ensure that e-waste is managed in a manner which shall Applicable E-waste disposal is and Handling) Rules, protect health and the environment against the adverse effects To dispose e-waste generated in not an issue during 2016 that may result from hazardous substance contained in such environmentally sound manner by construction phase. wastes. It is the responsibility of the bulk consumer to ensure that channelizing to authorized collection e-waste generated is channelized to authorized collection centers/ registered dismantler/ center(s) or registered dismantler(s) or recycler(s) or is returned recyclers/ return to producers. PEDM, to the pick-up of take back services provided by the producer being a bulk consumer of electrical and electronics equipment maintain record as per form-2 for scrutiny by MPCB 1.4 Biological Diversity Provide for conservation of the biological diversity, sustainable Applicable as the project line is passing Complied. Biodiversity Act,2002 use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of the through Buffer zone of DTR. All report and wildlife EMP benefits arising out of use of the biological resources, knowledge restrictions applicable to protected is prepared in concern and for matters connected therewith. areas like National Park & Sanctuaries with Forest Offcials and are also applicable to these reserves. submitted the report to department during approvals from FMOeFCC and NBWL committee. All the mkitigation measures Green Circle Inc. 75 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies are being followed on site. 1.5 Ancient Monuments The act has been enacted to prevent the damage to the Not Applicable. All such areas have Not Required &Archaeological Sites archaeological sites identified by Archaeological Survey of India. been completely avoided. and Remains Act, 1958 1.6 The Guidelines for felling For felling &: conversion of trees of following species from non- Applicable Complied. NOC is of trees from non-forest forest area, including plantations of such species, no felling The route is having tree cutting in obtained areas, 2004 (Issued in permission from Forest Department under these guidelines are Forest and Nonforest area. compliance of Supreme needed: Aam (Mangifera indica), Jarnun tSyzy~ium eumini), Court Order Dated Kothal (Arrocarpus jntegrifolia), all species of Bamboo, 12.5.2001 in Writ Leteku, Paniol and Madhunam. Petition (C) No. 202/95) is hereby published for general information. 1.12 The Scheduled Tribes When transmission projects pass through forest land, NOC from Applicable as there is forest land Complied. &Other Traditional DC has to be obtained before Stage-II approval in compliance to involvement of 104.77 Ha of DTR buffer NOC from Gram Sabha Forest Dwellers FRA as per MoEFCC circular dated 5th February 2013 zone. dnd FRA Compliance is (Recognition of Forest on Place Rights) Act, 2006 Table 3-2: Social Provisions Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies 1.1 Sixth schedule of the Special provisions also have been extended to the Tribal Areas Not applicable as the subproject Not Required constitution under the 6th Schedule [Articles 244(2) and 275(1) of the district doesn’t fall under six schedule constitution] in addition to basic fundamental rights. The Sixth areas. Schedule provides for administration of tribal areas as The new land acquisition act i.e autonomous entities. The administration of an autonomous RFCTLARRA,2013 is currently not district is vested in a District Council and of an autonomous applicable in the State as the State region, in a Regional Council. These Councils are endowed with Legislative Assembly has not yet adopted legislative, judicial, executive and financial powers. the resolution regarding applicability of new act as per provision under article 371G of the constitution of India. Based on current requirement for tranche-1, land acquisition is not an issue as land for all substaions covered under this tranche is in possession of PEDM Green Circle Inc. 76 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies 1.2 The Right to fair Act ensures appropriate identification of the affected families/ Not Applicable as all the land parcels Not Required compensation and households, fair compensation and rehabilitation of titleholders required for construction of S/S are transparency in land and nontitle holders. already in the possession of PEDM. acquisition, Also, as per Section 112 of the LARR Act, 2013, Mizoram State Thus, securing of fresh land was not rehabilitation & has already notified LARR Rules, 2015 necessitated. resettlement act, 2013 1.3 Right of Way (RoW) & In case of agricultural or private land, the provision of section- 67 Applicable. PEDM has been vested with Complied with: compensation under and or section-68 (5 & 6) of electricity act, 2003 and section-10 the powers of Telegraph Authority Implementing Agency has Electricity Act, 2003 of the Indian Telegraph act, 1885 are followed for assessment under Section - 164 of the Electricity Act. already been vested with and payment of composition towards such damages. Moreover, all damages due to its activity powers of telegraph are compensated at market rate. In case authority by GoI vide of agricultural or private land the Gazette Notification dated provisions of section- 67 and or section- Dec.24, 2003. However, 68 (5 & 6) of the Electricity Act, 2003 compensation for all and section-10 of the Indian Telegraph damages are being paid to Act, 1885 are followed for assessment the individual land owner and payment of compensation towards as per the provision of such damages. Section-10 (d) of Indian Telegraph Act, 1885. Ministry of Power, Govt. of India issued guidelines vide its communication dated 15th Oct., 2015 for payment of compensation for damages in regard to RoW for transmission lines. Once the above guidelines are adopted by Govt. of Mizoram, compensation are being paid as per the norms of said guidelines. 1.4 The Right to Information The Act provides for setting out the practical regime of right to Applicable. The required mechanism Act, 2005 information for citizens to secure access to information under Designated authorities to be in place. to comply with the the control of public authorities, in order to promote provisions of the act transparency and accountability in the working of every public including designated authority, the constitution of a Central Information Commission officers at various levels Green Circle Inc. 77 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies and State Information Commissions and for matters connected are already in place in therewith or incidental thereto PEDM 1.5 Indian Treasure Trove The Act provides for procedures to be followed in case of finding Not Applicable. No such instances Moreover, very less Act, 1878 as amended in of any treasure, archaeological artifacts etc. during excavation. reported in instant case till date. possibilities of such 1949 discoveries because of limited and shallow excavations 1.6 The Mizoram (Land The act provides for procedure to be followed in case of No such activity reported from such -- Revenue) Act, 2013: allotment of govt. land, its tax collection etc. It also specifically site. Adequate measures taken at mention about the land not to be processed for allotment within survey stage the areas of 800 metres measuring from the centre on either side of the following rivers, which may alter the transmission alignment in some cases. (a) Tlawng; (b) Tut; (c) Teirei; (d) Langkaih;(e) Chemlui; (f) Serlui;(g) Tuivawl; (h) Tuirini; (i) Tuirial; (j) Kau;(k) De; (l) Phairuang;(m) Tuiruang ; (n) Khawthlangtuipui;(o) Mat; (p) Tuichang (Lunglei District); (q) Tuichang ; (r) Tuipui;(s) Tiau. Green Circle Inc. 78 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 3-3: World Bank Operational Policy Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies 2.1 OP 4.01: To ensure the environmental and social and sustainability of investment E & S aspects of the project have Complied with: E & S Environmental projects. Support integration of environmental and social aspects of already been integrated into the aspects of the project Assessment projects in the decision-making process. management procedures based on have already been comprehensive environment integrated into assessment undertaken by IA during management procedures 2015. based on comprehensive environment assessment undertaken by IA during 2015 2.2 OP- 4.04: Natural To promote sustainable development by supporting the protection, The present project involves natural Required Habitats conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and habitats such as biodiversity area, their functions forest area, protected area etc. Hence Applicable 2.3 OP-4.11: Physical To preserve PCR and in avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR The present project does not Not Required Cultural Resources includes resources of archeological, paleontological, historical, encroach upon any such resources (PCR) architectural, and religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. 2.4 OP-4.36: Forests To realize the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable Applicable- Since 104.77 HA of RF of Complied. manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic DTR Buffer Zone is involved in Stage I Forest Clearance development, and protect the vital local and global environmental 132/33 kV W. Phaileng – Marpara TL obtained on 15th January services and values of forests forest clearance under FC Act 1980 is 2021 applicable in instant case Since The 132/33 kV W. Phaileng – Marpara TL is passing through Dampa TR forest of buffer zone NBWL clearance under WL Protection act 1972 is applicable in instant case. Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20 2.5 WB EHS Guidelines for The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical Applicable provisions of EHS Complied with: EHS Electric power T&D reference documents with general and industry specific examples of guidelines have been followed during guidelines are being Good International Industry Practice. The EHS Guidelines contains the the implementation of the project followed during project Green Circle Inc. 79 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Sr. No. Acts, Notification & Relevance Applicability to the project Status of compliance Policies performance levels & measures that are generally considered to be implementation. achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. 2.6 OP 4.12 – Involuntary This policy covers direct economic and social impacts both resulting Not applicable as there is no Not Required. Resettlement from Bank-assisted investment projects and are caused by the involuntary acquisition invoked for involuntary taking of land. To avoid or minimize involuntary securing land for proposed S/S. resettlement and, where this is not feasible, assist, displaced persons in improving or at least restoring their livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. 2.7 OP 4.10– Indigenous This policy contributes to the Bank's mission of poverty reduction and Explicit consent from ADC and the Complied with: NoC of Peoples sustainable development by ensuring that the development process Village Councils is required in the from village councils fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of case of acquisition of lands which is (Head man, Gram Burrah) Indigenous Peoples. The objective is to design and implement projects not applicable in the project. and land owners being in a way that fosters full respect for indigenous peoples so that they obtained for community receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits, and do not forest land/ADC area suffer adverse effects during the development process. The project shall wherever applicable. ascertain broad community support for the project based on social assessment and free prior and informed consultation with the affected Tribal community, if any. 2.8 Managing the risks of Provides guidance on identifying, assessing and managing the risks of Applicable. Complied. Guiding adverse impacts on adverse social and environmental impacts that are associated with the principles and communities from temporary influx of labor resulting from Bank supported projects. recommendations are temporary project provide concrete guidance on how to approach temporary labor influx considered during labour induced labor influx within the environmental and social assessment process. appointment through construction contractor Green Circle Inc. 80 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 3.6 Necessary Statutory Permission/Licenses/NOC Obtained in the Instant Case The applicability of acts, notifications and policies have already been described in above paragraphs and table. As per the applicability, necessary permission/ licenses/ NOC so far to obtained by IA or contractor are: • Under the provisions of Section 68(1) of Electricity Act, 2003, prior approval GoT is a mandatory requirement to undertake any new transmission project in the State. As a part of permission / approval, GoI approved the NERPSIP comprehensive scheme for six North Eastern States including Mizoram under vide its Office Memorandum dated 1st December 2014. • All the contractors have obtained and operating the construction work with valid labor license as per provision under section – 12(1) of the Contract Labor (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 and also certified under Section- 7(3) of the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Service) Act, 1996 from Ministry of Labor & Employment. The same are discussed and presented in relevant sections of subsequent chapters. • All the contractors have obtained requisite insurance policy as per provisions of Employee Compensation Act, 1923 for its employed workforce. The same are discussed and presented in relevant sections of subsequent chapters. • Since the tower locations are coming under various villages of 1 district i.e. Mammit NoC from concerned land owner/ Headman /Village Council are being obtained as per the progress of work. The same are referred and presented in relevant sections of subsequent chapters. • The TL route involve notified reserve forest land of DTR Buffer zone. 104.77 Ha of RF is being diverted for the project purpose and hence require the forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 along with NBWL approval. Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. The copy is given in Annexure 4. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Please Refer Annexure 4. • It is mandatory to do the compensatory afforestation as per the forest clearances obtained for the project. As per specific conditions in Forest Clearance obtained from MoEFCC, the compensatory afforestation is to be carried out on double the degraded forest area as suggested and identified by forest department. POWERGRID has paid the requisite cost as per prescribed law for the CAMPA to Forest department. PPOWERGRID has limited role upto compensation payments. Further to this Forest Department is being implementing the CAMPA. • The project has obtained required clearances from Defense Office, Department of Telecommunications, village council and the Ministry of Aviation. Please Refer Annexure 4. Green Circle Inc. 81 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 4. MAJOR FEATURES OF FINAL ROUTE & ENVIRONMENT IMPACT 4.1 Introduction Environmental impact of T&D line projects is not far reaching and are mostly localized to RoW. However, T&D project has some effects on natural and socio-culture resources. These impacts can be minimized by careful route selection. To minimize these possible impacts, PEDM & IA at the system planning stage itself try to avoid ecological sensitive areas like forest. Wherever such infringements are substantial, different alternative options are considered to select most viable route alignment. For further optimization of route modern survey techniques/tools like GIS, GPS aerial photography is also applied. Introduction of GIS and GPS in route selection result in access to updated/latest information, through satellite images and further optimization of route having minimal environmental impact. Moreover, availability of various details, constraints like topographical and geotechnical details, forest and environmental details etc. help in planning the effective mitigate measures including engineering variations depending upon the site situation/location. At the system planning stage itself one of the factors that govern the evolution of system is the possible infringement with the forest. Wherever such infringements are substantial, different alternative options are considered. The route/ site selection criteria followed is detailed below: While identifying the transmission system, preliminary route selection is done by PEDM based on the Survey of India Topo sheets, Forest Atlas (Govt. of India's Publication) and Google Maps etc. During route alignment all possible efforts are made to avoid the forest area involvement completely or to keep it to the barest minimum, whenever it becomes unavoidable due to the geography of terrain or heavy cost involved in avoiding it. Presence of important/protected natural habitats (IUCN category I - IV) is verified by superimposing the proposed alternative alignment on the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) map. The route/site selection criteria followed is detailed below in the ensuing paragraphs. 4.2 Environmental Criteria for Route Selection For selection of optimum route, the following points are taken into consideration: • The route of the proposed TLs does not involve any human rehabilitation • Any monument of cultural or historical importance is not affected by the route of the TL. • The proposed route of TL does not create any threat to the survival of any community with special reference to Tribal Community. • The proposed route of TL does not affect any public utility services like playgrounds, schools, other establishments etc. • The line route does not pass through any National Parks, Sanctuaries etc. • The line route does not infringe with area of natural resources. In order to achieve this, PEDM has undertaken route selection for individual T&D lines in close consultation with representatives of concerned Forest Department and the Department of Revenue. Although under the law, PEDM has right of eminent domain yet alternative alignments are considered keeping in mind the above-mentioned factors during site selection, with minor alterations often added to avoid environmentally sensitive areas and settlements at execution stage. Green Circle Inc. 82 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram • As a rule, alignments are generally cited away from major towns, whenever possible, to account for future urban expansion. • Similarly, forests are avoided to the extent possible, and when it is not possible, a route is selected in consultation with the local Divisional Forest Officer, that causes minimum damage to existing forest resources. • Alignments are selected to avoid wetlands and unstable areas for both financial and environmental reasons. In addition, care is also taken to avoid NP, WLS, ESZ, Tiger reserves, Biosphere reserves, Elephant corridors and IBA sites etc. Keeping above in mind the routes of proposed lines under the project have been so aligned that it takes care of above factors. As such different alternatives for TLs were studied with the help of Govt. published data like Forest atlas, SoI and Google Maps etc. to arrive at most optimum route which can be taken up for detailed survey and assessment of environmental & social impacts for their proper management. Similarly, the TOR for detailed survey using modern tool like GIS/GPS also contained parameters to avoid/reduce environmental impact while deciding the final route alignment. The major objectives for detailed survey that are part of contract are summarized below: i. The alignment of TL shall be most economical from the point of view of construction and maintenance. ii. Routing of TL through protected and reserved forest area should be avoided. In case it is not possible to avoid the forest or areas having large trees completely then keeping in view of the overall economy, the route should be aligned in such a way that cutting of trees is minimum. iii. The route should have minimum crossing of major rivers, railway lines, and national/state highways, overhead EHP power lines and communication lines. iv. The number of angle point shall be kept to a minimum v. The distance between the terminal points specified shall be kept shortest possible, consistent with the terrain that is encountered vi. Marshy and low line areas, river beds and earth slip zones shall be avoided to minimum risk to the foundations vii. It would be preferable to utilize level ground for the alignment. viii. Crossing of power line shall be minimal. Alignment is kept at a minimum distance of 300 meters from power lines to avoid induction problems on the lower voltage lines. ix. Crossings of communication lines shall be minimized and it shall be preferably at right angle, proximity and paralyses with telecom lines shall be eliminated to avoid danger of induction to them. x. Area subjected to flooding searches streams shall be avoided. xi. Restricted areas such as civil and military airfield shall be avoided. Care shall also be taken to avoid the aircraft landing approaches xii. All alignment should be easily accessible both in dry and rainy seasons to enable maintenance throughout the year. xiii. Certain areas such as query sites, tea, tobacco and saffron fields and rich plantation, gardens and nurseries that will present the owner problems in of right of way and leave clearance during construction and maintenance should be avoided. xiv. Angle point should be selected such that shifting of the point within 100 m radius is possible at the time of construction of the line. xv. The line routing should avoid large habitation densely populated areas to the extent possible. Green Circle Inc. 83 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram xvi. The area requires special foundations and those prone to flooding should be avoided. xvii. For examination of the alternatives and identification of the most appropriate route, besides making use of information/data/details available/extracted through survey of India topographical maps and computer aided processing of NRSA satellite imagery, the contractor shall also carry out reconnaissance / preliminary survey as may be required for the verification and collection of additional information/data/details. xviii. The contractor shall submit his preliminary observation and suggestion along with various information/data/details collected and also processed satellite imagery data, topographical map data marked with alternative routes etc. The final evaluation of the alternative routes shall be conducted by the contractor in consultation with owners’ representatives and optimal route alignment shall be proposed by the contractor. Digital terrain modeling using contour data from topographical maps as well as processed satellite data shall be done by the contractor for the selected route. A flythrough perspective using suitable software(s) shall be developed or further refinement of the selected route. If required site visit and field verification shall be conducted by the contractor jointly with the owners’ representatives for the proposed route alignment xix. Final digitized route alignment drawing with the latest topographical and other details / features including all river railway lines, canals, roads etc. up to 8 Kms on both side of selected route alignment shall be submitted by the contractors for owner’s approval along with report containing other information / details as mentioned above 4.2.1 Evaluation of Alternative Route Alignment for Proposed Transmission Lines In the instant project, criteria for route selection as mentioned above, has been duly adhered to. The proposed 132 kV D/C West Phaileng Marpara TL has been selected from three (3) different alignments as described in IEAR. Earlier, the line was passing through core area of Dampa Tiger Reserve. Three Alignments alternatives were studied with the help Google Maps and walkover survey to arrive at most optimum route for detailed survey. This was then verified on web-based IBAT Database. The Alternative analysis is depicted in Annexure 3. The final routes were considered for the further detailed surveys and primary data collection. Subsequently, the proposed TL routes were considered for detail route survey by Contractor Agency (after awarding of contract) and Environmental Consultant. During detailed survey minor alterations as well as geometrical corrections of the route have been carried out which seems inevitable due to actual ground conditions with prime objective of avoiding dense forest/private plantation areas, Common Property Resource (CPR), and also considering the technical feasibility of the route from operation and maintenance point of view in consultation with the local village councils prevalent in the project area. Therefore, minor change in scope of work has been observed with respect to IEAR scope which resulted due to the best effort of PEDM in effectively integrating safeguard and engineering measures in successful minimization of impact on forest and environment. The proposed final alignment of 132 kV D/C West Phaileng Marpara TL after detailed route analysis, and meticulous study is now traversing through Buffer zone of Dumpa Tiger Reserve. 4.2.2 Evaluation of Location for Proposed Distribution Line Since the proposed DL between existing West Phaileng 33/11 kV S/S and New West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S connects two S/S in close vicinity having line length of only 100 mt, no alternative have been studied for the subject line as there are no environment or social issues involved including forest/ Green Circle Inc. 84 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram ecological sensitive area that require such studies. All the other environmental settings like soil strata and vegetation is similar to nonforest area of the TL and hence similar explanation. 4.2.3 Evaluation of Location for Proposed Substations For S/S, site selection analysis of 2-3 alternatives sites is usually carried out based on environment and social aspects and technical requirement. Such analysis considers various site-specific parameters that include availability of infrastructure facilities such as access roads, water, distance from railheads, type of land (Government / revenue/ private land); social impacts such as number of families getting affected; CPR including feasibility of acquisition. It may be noted that in the instant case all land parcels for proposed S/S are already in possession with PEDM and no fresh land is required to be acquired and therefore, the said exercise is not required/needed for proposed project. 4.2.4 Change in Scope of Work w.r.t. IEAR For changes in scope of work with respect to IEAR scope i.e., changes in the route alignment based upon alternatives studies and detailed survey for T&D line carried out on field is given is Table 4.1. Table 4-1: Change in Scope of Work w.r.t IEAR Sr. Details of Power Line / Change in Length of Reason / Justification for change in No. Substation Power Lines (Km)/ scope of work Location of S/S As per Final Route IEAR / Location A. Transmission Line Network 1 West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV 50.265 50.265 Earlier, the line was passing through core S/C line on D/C tower (to be area of DTR. charged at 33 KV) The proposed final alignment of 132 kV D/C West Phaileng Marpara TL after detailed route analysis, and meticulous study is now traversing through Buffer zone of DTR B. Substations 1. Establishment of 2 x 12.5 MVA, Unchanged. PEDM Own Land 132/33 kV new S/S at West Phaileng 2. Establishment of 132/33 kV new Unchanged. PEDM Own Land S/S at Marpara 4.3 Features and Satellite Images of T&D Lines 4.3.1 Transmission Lines (TL) 4.3.1.1 Feature Details of Final Route Alignment of West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV S/C line on D/C tower (to be charged at 33 KV) West Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV S/C line on D/C tower (to be charged at 33 KV) covers 50.265 km distance. Total 174 transmission tower (TT) are proposed in this TL. The TL is finalized after detailed analysis considering the environmental features like forest / PA / river etc. The feature survey along the TL is carried out considering 27 mt ROW area i.e., 13.5 mt on either side from center line of the corridor. Geomorphological studies observed that the geology of project area is majorly having rock structure of highly dissected structurally hills. Rock type comprises shale stone with conglomerate of sandstone and pebble bed. Green Circle Inc. 85 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Major part of the TL passes through segun forest plantation (8.38%), grazing land (6%), Open Forest (62%) and Bamboo Forest (12.12%). The selected line does not cross any National Highway, Railway and Power line. The TL route involve notified reserve forest land of DTR Buffer zone. 104.77 Ha of RF is being diverted for the project purpose and hence require the forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 along with NBWL approval. Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. The copy is given in Annexure 4. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Please Refer Annexure 4. Besides all other PA like NP, WLS and designated elephant passage have been completely avoided. The landslide study during electric line feature survey and GIS mapping, reveals that the project region is highly vulnerable to landslide The project TL is passing through the area of very less or nil to flood vulnerability. The type of hazard for the project site is recorded as earthquake, windstorm and high landslide. As per detailed surveys and GIS imagery data ROW is crossing water bodies such as drain & nala. However, No TT is planned in water body. TT constructed well above the ground level at required elevation will help to keep the people and animals away from EMF contact. It will also prevent the structure getting damaged during flood situation. All the tower locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. GIS route survey map and TL feature details are provided in Annexure A1 & B1. The major feature details are depicted in Table 4.2. The Google earth image of TL is provided in the Map 4.1. Table 4-2: Phaileng – Marpara 132 kV S/C line on D/C tower (to be charged at 33 KV) Electric Line Feature Details - 27m ROW Feature Class Details Area in Ha. % of Area Bamboo Forest 16.64 12.12% Cart Track 0.32 0.24% Electric Substation 1.58 1.15% Forest Plantation (Segun) 11.50 8.38% Grazing Land 8.10 5.90% Nala/Drain 1.05 0.76% Open Forest 84.47 61.56% Open Scrub Land 7.54 5.50% Orange Plantation 4.48 3.26% Road 1.54 1.12% Total 137.22 100.00% Green Circle Inc. 86 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Map 4-1: Google Earth Alignment Map for West Phaileng - Marpara 132 kV S/C TL Photographs of the 132/33 kV West Phaileng S/S site location are given below Tower Erection at West Phaileng S/S Green Circle Inc. 87 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Equipment Erection Approach Road Strengthening and Control Building Green Circle Inc. 88 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Transformer Erection with Oil Collection Chamber Boundary Wall Construction Green Circle Inc. 89 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Tower Bottom Area and Legs Photographs of the 132/33 kV Marpara S/S site location are given below CRB – Marpara S/S Green Circle Inc. 90 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Transformer Erection with Oil Collection Chambers Foundation Pit Construction 4.4 Project Impacts Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts due to the construction/ bay extension of sub-stations and along the final route of T&D lines have been assessed. Green Circle Inc. 91 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 4.4.1 Impact of Transmission & Distribution Lines As per existing law i.e., MoP Guidelines Dated 5th October 2015 for Payment of Compensation for TL / DL, land is not required to acquire for tower footing and ownership of land remains with the owner and is allowed to continue cultivation after construction. So, for all T&D Lines acquisition of land or any physical displacement is not applicable. However, as per the present provision in the Section 68 Electricity Act, 2003 and Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 only the damages (without acquisition of subject land) accrued to person while placing the tower and line are to be compensated (Section-10 (d) of Indian Telegraph Act). However, some social impacts due to construction of lines or placing of towers and poles are seen like temporary removal of soil in agriculture land, loss of standing crops / trees during construction phase only. All mitigation measures as per EMP are implemented by contractor and immediately restored on site as per EMP. Care has been taken by the contractors to avoid unnecessary loss of crops. 4.4.1.1 Landuse within Corridor (Right of Way) Total land occupied by T&D lines ROW is 137.22 Ha. The major land use occupied by T&D lines is open hill forest (62 Ha), Segun Forest plantation (8.38 Ha), Grazing Land (28 Ha), Bamboo Forest (12.12%) etc. Details of land use are provided in Table 4.3. 4.4.1.2 Impact on soil and surface geology The project terrain is mostly hilly with steep slopes. The impact on soil & geology is may be high if no EMP is followed. In addition to implementation of EMP provisions, some site-specific measures related to slope protection/stabilization (viz. retaining wall, toe wall, revetment wall, stone pitching, guard wall, bio-engineering measures etc.), drainage (such as cross drainage, culverts), approach road and other protection measures etc. are being undertaken/have been planned as per the site requirement/conditions and subsequent technical approval through committee. Further, rain water harvesting system which is an integral part of S/S design is also being implemented based on the site condition/requirement. Like Cross drainage structure is proposed at both West Phaileng and Marpara 132/33 kV S/S. The construction is in progress. The details of such measures which are already under implementation/ approved for implementation. The excavated pit material is stacked properly and back filled as well as used for resurfacing the area. On hill slopes where soil is disturbed and prone to erosion is suitably protected by revetment, breast walls, and proper drainage. Besides extensive leg /chimney extension is being used to avoid benching or cutting of slopes to minimize the impact on slope stability. 4.4.1.3 Impact of tower base on land As per the assessment carried out in Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD) by PEDM, the land required for erection of tower legs is very small i.e., for each leg of tower actual construction a small square area with side length ranging from 0.20 to 0.30 meter required depending on the types of towers. Four such square pieces of land will be required to place the legs of tower. The area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of tower legs for an average 132 kV D/C TT ranges from 0.16-0.36 sq mt of land. Thus, the actual impact is Green Circle Inc. 92 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram restricted to 4 legs of the tower and agriculture can continue as clearly depicted in the Figure 4.1. In case of 33 kV DL area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of pole is insignificant as approx. 1 sq. ft. land area is occupied for one pole (please refer Figure 4.2). Due diligence confirms that land is either agricultural or barren, and current land use is not altered and resumed after construction. In the instant case, no pole is being erected as the proposed DL is being erected between existing West Phaileng 33/11 kV S/S and New West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S connects two S/S in close vicinity having line length of only 100 mt. Figure 4-1: Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footing Green Circle Inc. 93 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram As already explained, the impact of TL is restricted to 4 legs of the tower and agriculture can continue after construction activity is over. The average land area required for erection of one 132 kV T/L tower is approx. 0.25 sq m. Based on above, total land loss estimated for construction 50.265 km of 132 kV TL is 43.5 Ha proposed under the present scheme. The compensation toward loss land is provided by following compensation MoP Guidelines Dated 5th October 2015 for Payment of Compensation for TL. Details of land loss for tower base & pole are given in Table 4.4. The details of Status of Land Compensation (details of line wise land compensation status updated till June 2021) are given in Table 4.5. These set of photographs are in all FEAR reports. Figure 4-2: 33 kV Lines (Single & H Pole) Depicting Base Area Impact Green Circle Inc. 94 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 4.4.1.4 Impact on Crop area / Tree Crops and Groves Construction of line in crop season is avoided as far as possible. In case when installation of towers / poles impacts on agricultural activity, detailed assessment / survey is conducted looking at existing crops, general crop patterns, seasonal particulars, nature and extent of yield. Wherever necessary, permissions from tea estate owners were taken to erect towers/poles in their agricultural fields. This data is compiled and analyzed to study the extent and nature of impact. For the temporary loss of crops, only agricultural land and private plantation land are considered for estimation. The damages are not done in complete RoW of line (20 m width of corridor for 132 kV D/c) but mostly restricted to tip to tip of the conductor and tower base area where average affected width/corridor would be limited to 20 m (maximum). The aspect is discussed in more detail in section 5.2.5 in Chapter 5. One of the reasons is that schedules of construction activities are undertaken in lean season or post- harvest periods. Assets of any sorts are not acquired but during construction, only temporary damages are occurred. Based on the estimation of tower foot area as per the thumb rule explained in section 4.4.1.3, the total land considered for estimation of crop damage / tree damage because of tower foundation 43.5 Ha. The details of estimated impacted area due to TL ROW are given in Table 4.6. As per further detailed analysis and ground survey, the actual total no. of trees affected and status of Tree / Crop Compensation (details of line wise land compensation status updated till June 2021) are given in Table 4.7. Impact on trees is assessed for all TLs within project scope where the actual trees cutting possibility is envisaged. The aspect is discussed in more detail in section 5.2.1 in Chapter 5. Also, while construction of TLs fruit bearing season was avoided to prevent loss of crops. Tree compensation was calculated on the basis of tree enumeration and detailed surveys. 4.4.1.5 Impact on Trees in Forest Area The total trees likely to be affected details in nonforest area are in West Phaileng – Marpara 132kV S/C are 3450. Total 138648 trees are counted in the TL amongst which 7370 trees may be impacted during construction of 78 towers in DTR buffer zone considering an area of each tower base and 6m below conductor for 33km stretch of line. The compensatory afforestation is being compiled in double the area of forest which is under progress as prescribed in the specific conditions of Forest Clearances obtained for the lines. In this aspect forest department officials are concerned for the status updates. Table 4-3: Type and Land Use within RoW of West Phaileng – Marpara 132kV S/C TL Type of Landuse Area in Ha. % of Area Bamboo Forest 16.64 12.12% Cart Track 0.32 0.24% Electric Substation 1.58 1.15% Forest Plantation (Segun) 11.50 8.38% Grazing Land 8.10 5.90% Nala/Drain 1.05 0.76% Open Forest 84.47 61.56% Open Scrub Land 7.54 5.50% Orange Plantation 4.48 3.26% Road 1.54 1.12% Total 137.22 100.00% Green Circle Inc. 95 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 4-4: Estimation of Actual Land Loss Because of Tower Base Sr. No. Details of Power Length in km Total Towers Land Loss per Total land loss area Line tower (sq m) for tower & pole base (sq m) A. Transmission Line Network 1 West Phaileng – 50.265 174 0.25 43.5 Marpara 132kV S/C Table 4-5: Status of Land Compensation in FEAR I - (details of line wise land compensation status updated till June 2021 for West Phaileng – Marpara 132kV S/C thereof (e.g. Govt land/title paid to Affected Persons paid to Affected Persons for RoW Corridor under Foundation Completed Total Affected Persons Total Affected Persons eligible cases with details Compensation already Compensation already paid for RoW Corridor No. of Pending cases/non Compensation for APs Compensation for APs Stringing Completed Total Compensation Total Compensation paid for Tower Base disputes/ any other in RoW Corridor in RoW Corridor under progress progress reasons) No No No No Rs km No No No Rs 12 0 0 0 0 No compensation for line corridor All tower (only 100% for tower base as per locations fall State Govt. notification 01.05.2019) under Govt. land Table 4-6: Loss of Crop Area in TL Sections Name of Line Width Total Total Total Line Total Land Considered Agricultural Private Length Area for Land (km) Plantation Considered considered Estimation of (km) for Crop for Crop Loss of Crops Compensation Compensation (km) (Acre) West Phaileng 20 11.547 Nil 11.547 57.06 – Marpara 132kV S/C Table 4-7: Status of Tree/Crop Compensation in FEAR I - (details of line wise land compensation status updated till June 2021 for West Phaileng – Marpara 132kV S/C Total Compensation Compensation Total No. of Pending Affected already for APs Compensation cases/noneligible cases with Persons paid to APs under paid for Tree details thereof (e.g. Govt progress & Crop land/title disputes/ any other damages reasons) No No No Rs 41 26 25 0.89 All tower locations fall under Govt. land Green Circle Inc. 96 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 4.4.1.6 Details on Affected Persons It is estimated that total 496 persons likely be impacted temporarily by construction of proposed 132 kV line. The number of APs refers to the most conservative option. State Utilities/ POWERGRID will schedule civil works in such a way to minimize impacts and substantially reduce the damages to crops and therefore the number of affected persons and Agricultural Households (AHH). 4.4.1.7 Other Damages Habituated areas and other sensitive areas were purposely avoided to prevent damages. Also, in the instant case based on the actual line study and, there is no possibility of damage to bunds, water bodies etc. However, if damaged or impacted, local revenue department assess the cost of damage as per norms of Govt. of Mizoram and submit estimate to the competent authority for approval. 4.4.2 Impact Due to Construction of New S/S and Bay Extension All the S/S are being constructed on vacant lands owned by PEDM, so there is no displacement of people for this project. Therefore, there is no any social impact on the people residing in this area. Minor improvements to paths were made to reach to the new S/S, which is found useful for the local people of the particular area. 4.4.3 Impact on Indigenous People Government of India, under Article 342 of the Constitution, considers the following characteristics to define indigenous peoples [Scheduled Tribes (ST)]: • tribes’ primitive traits; • distinctive culture; • shyness with the public at large; • geographical isolation; and • Social and economic backwardness before notifying them as a Scheduled Tribe. Essentially, indigenous people have a social and cultural identity distinct from the ‘mainstream’ society that makes them vulnerable to being overlooked or marginalized in the development processes. STs, who have no modern means of subsistence, with distinctive culture and are characterized by socio- economic backwardness, could be identified as Indigenous people. Indigenous people are also characterized by cultural continuity. Constitution of India identifies schedule areas which are predominately inhabited by such people. As, this project is directly connected with the life of local people of Mizoram, there is no negative impact on indigenous people because of this project. Local people are cooperating project related authorities. 4.4.4 Summary of Impacts Based on the above analysis of final route of T&D lines and location of sub-stations, the summarized environmental & social impact matrix is presented below in Table 4.8. Green Circle Inc. 97 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 4-8: Summary of Impacts Sr. Parameters Extent of Impact No. 1. Total Line Length Transmission line: 52.265 km 2. Total No. of Towers TL Towers: 174 3. Terrain Hilly Almost 100 % of lines are passing through hilly area All S/S are constructed/ augmented are in hilly areas. At all S/S locations, provisions for revetment like retaining wall, boundary wall, breast walls, and proper drainage and sewerage system etc. have been made. Besides extensive leg /chimney extension is being used to avoid benching or cutting of slopes to minimize the impact on slope stability. All safety measures like fire wall, fire extinguishers, etc are provided. 4. Forest land transverse 104.77 Ha of Reserved Forest of Dampa Tiger Reserve Buffer Zone 5. Rare/Endangered flora Dipterocarpus indicus (Endangered category) as per IUCN 2020.1. During field survey Chromolaena odorata, Oroxylum indicum invasive species are recorded in the study area i.e., transects studied along the TL and S/S. 6. Rare/ endangered fauna One endangered species viz. Hoolock hoolock. Trachypithecus pileatus and Macaca arctiodes were found in the vulnerable category in the study area. The near Threatened Of species is White Cheeked Partridge, Ashy- headed green pigeon and Great hornbill are also recorded as per Conservation Status IUCN (2020.1). 7. Total trees to be cut 35686 trees may be impacted during construction of said TL in buffer zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve for construction of 78 towers considering an area of each tower base and 6m below conductor for 33km stretch of line. In Nonforest Area total 3450 trees likely to be affected 8. Cleaning jungles of rank No vegetations, grass , brush, wood , tree and saplings of girth up to 30 cm (measured at a height of 1 m above ground level) 9. Migrating Wildlife/ breeding NA ground 10. National Park / sanctuaries Dampa Tiger Reserve Buffer Zone involved in TL 11. Notified Wet land traversed None 12. Soil erodibility High 13. Historical / Cultural monuments None 14. Relocation of villagers None 15. Affected Structures NA 16. Total Affected People 495 17. Relocation of Villagers NA 18. Area of actual land loss under 43.5 Sq.Mt. under Tower Base Tower Base 19. Affected Structures Nil 20. Temporary Damage to Crop Temporary loss is observed during construction time. It can be recovered later 21. Loss/ Hindrance to Public Negligible, restricted to construction phase only. Utilities Green Circle Inc. 98 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, THEIR EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT 5.1 Introduction Environmental impacts of T & D projects are not far reaching and are mostly localized to RoW. (Refer Table 5.1). However, T & D projects have some effects on natural and socio-culture resources. All possible measures have been taken during the finalization of route alignment as described in the earlier chapter for the proposed T&D system, however, due to the peculiarity of terrain where project is being implemented, some environmental impacts may be there. The explanations in brief with regard to possible environmental impact and measures taken to minimize the same are given in ensuing paragraph. Table 5-1: RoW Width & Clearance between Conductors and Trees Transmission Voltage Max. RoW (In Meters) Min. Clearance (in Meters) between conductor & Trees * 132 kV 27 4.0 33 kV 15 2.8 As per IS: 5613 and MoEF&CC guidelines finalized in consultation with CEA 5.2 Impact Due to Project Location and Design 5.2.1 Resettlement During line routing stage itself all measures have been undertaken to avoid settlements such as cities, villages etc. in line with the guiding principle of avoidance as per ESPPF. During detail survey modern techniques/tools like GIS, GPS, and aerial photography were utilized to further optimization the final route alignment avoiding human habitation and other ecological and socially sensitive areas. In present project construction of total 2 New S/S is under execution. The details are given in Table 2.22 in Chapter 2 Section 2.6. In general requirement of land area for West Phaileng S/S is 3.92 Acres and for 132/33 kV Marpara S/S is 4.34. In the instant scheme, PEDM does not need to acquire lands for new S/S as well as for augmentation of existing S/S as PEDM already possess land for all proposed new S/S. As no fresh land is needed to be acquired for these S/S, issue related to acquisition of land including possible R&R is not envisaged. The details are also discussed in Chapter 2 in section 2.6. In respect of land requirement for erection of T&D lines / towers / poles, no permanent acquisition is envisaged. Land for tower and ROW is not acquired as agricultural activities can continue. A Typical plan of TL tower footing indicating the above position with extent of damage and area of influence are depicted in Figure 5.1 and 5.2 respectively. Green Circle Inc. 99 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 5-1: Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footings Showing Actual Ground Position and Extent of Impact Green Circle Inc. 100 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 5-2: Schematic Diagram for Indicating Area of Influence/Impact for 132 KV D/C TL The land requirement for erection of tower legs is very small i.e. for each leg of tower actual construction is done on a small square area with side length ranging from 0.20 to 0.30 meter depending on the types of tower. Four such square pieces of land will be required to place the legs of tower. The area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of tower legs for an average 132 kV D/C transmission tower ranges from 0.16-0.36 sq. m. of land. Thus, the actual impact is restricted to 4 legs of the tower and agriculture can continue as clearly depicted in the Figure-5.1. In case of 33kV distribution line area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of pole is insignificant as approx. 1 sq. ft. land area is occupied for one pole (refer Figure-5.2 depicting actual base area impact). Due diligence confirms that land is either agricultural or barren, current land use is not altered and resumed after construction. As per present practices, full compensation (100%) towards land value in tower base areas as decided by the district authority is paid towards damages to the affected persons/land owners in addition to tree/crop damages. However, no payment will be paid for land compensation for RoW corridor as Govt. of Mizoram has not approved the adoption of MoP guideline Actual 132 KV line including tower on ground along with RoW and extent of impact due to erection of tower in undulating and hilly terrain, on agricultural / forest land / in the area of vegetation is placed as Figure 5.3, Figure 5.4. Figure 5.4 depicts the base of 33 kV DL (Single & H pole). As described earlier, all measures are undertaken by PEDM at the line routing stage itself to avoid settlements such as cities, villages etc. It may be seen from the above description of proposed route alignments and also keeping in mind that no permanent acquisition of land is involved for tower foundation as per existing law, these subprojects don’t require any resettlement of villagers. However, some temporary damages/ disturbances can happen. Same are being compensated by the project under CPTD to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages in consultation with the GoT and PAP and/ or community. The details are explained in Chapter 4. The project is being implemented in the tribal areas governed by GoM per the provisions of Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. It may be noted that all social issues shall be dealt separately in accordance with the provisions of Social Management Framework (SMF, A-C), placed in the ESPPF of PEDM. Green Circle Inc. 101 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 5-3: 132 kV TL depicting actual position along with RoW in Undulating terrain and extent of damage Green Circle Inc. 102 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 5-4: 132 kV Tower Base (TL) Showing Impact on Agricultural Land and Crop Green Circle Inc. 103 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 5-5: 33 kV DLs Depicting Base Area Impact 5.2.2 Land value depreciation The electric power acts as a catalyst for the growth and development of areas having accessibility to it. Based on previous experiences, land prices are generally expected to rise in the areas receiving power. In the present project, TL pass through forest areas, agriculture fields, non-forest plantation / private plantation area, open forest where the land-use is not going to change in foreseeable future. Therefore, the value of land is not adversely affected to a significant degree. Moreover, the proposed DL in the instant case between existing West Phaileng 33/11 kV S/S and New West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S connects two S/S in close vicinity having line length of only 100 m no such provision is intended to provide power supply to populated area. However, the overall project intends to boost the economic status as well as land price of the area, thus, outweighing possible negative impacts, if any. The S/S land is already in possession of PEDM and hence no land value depreciation is envisaged. 5.2.3 Historical/cultural monuments/value As per the policy of route selection, only that route alignment is finalized which avoids all the historical and cultural monuments. As per the preliminary assessment carried out during finalization of route alignment in consultation with State revenue authorities and Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), no such monuments are coming in the proposed route alignments. Moreover, utmost care to be taken during detailed survey to avoid such areas. Also, the chance found procedure is already considered in the procedures. 5.2.4 Encroachment into precious ecological areas As explained in Chapters 2 in section 2.4.5 and Chapter 4 in section 4.2 during TL and DL planning all precautions have been taken right from planning stage to avoid routing of line through forest and PA core area like NPs/WLS. In spite of taking due care during route selection, involvement of some forest area could not be avoided completely. A major portion of the TL passes through Forest Plantation (Segun), open forest, Bamboo Forest, Orange Plantation and grazing land. The TL route involve notified reserve forest land of DTR Buffer Green Circle Inc. 104 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram zone. 104.77 Ha of RF is being diverted for the project purpose and hence require the forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 along with NBWL approval. Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. The copy is given in Annexure 4. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Besides other than DTR, all other PAs like NP, WLS, Biosphere Reserve etc.; Natural habitats, IBAs, Sacred groves, Wetlands and designated wildlife/elephant etc. have been completely avoided. Please refer Map 2.19. The land use along the RoW (27 m for 132 kV) of TLs comprises Forest Plantation (Segun), open forest, Bamboo Forest, Orange Plantation and grazing land, private plantation and government land. The total length of the project TL is 50.265 km and total number of 174 towers are being/to be erected along the proposed TL amongst. It may be noted that about 33 km part of TL is passing through Buffer zone of DTR and about 78 towers are planned and being erected in Buffer zone of DTR. The Wildlife Mitigation Plan is prepared by IA on recommendations by SBWL and NBWL and Forest Department and is submitted along with the application to SBWL and NBWL Committee. Also, Biodiversity Study is carried out by Assam State Biodiversity Board for the DTR project impacted area. Forest Department and NBWL has approved the EMP prepared. Please refer Annexure 5. Implementation of the EMP measures and recommendations of NOCs obtained, has resulted into abatement of potential impacts due to construction activity on the environmental and social environment as envisaged in IEAR. Due impact assessment and mitigation measures are implemented as per prescribed EMP and following ESPPF prepared by PEDM. Since the proposed DL between existing West Phaileng 33/11 kV S/S and New West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S connects two S/S in close vicinity having line length of only 100 mt there are no environment or social issues involved including forest/ ecological sensitive area that require such studies. All the other environmental settings like soil strata and vegetation are similar to nonforest area of the TL and hence similar explanation. It has been observed that most of these S/S lands were secured by PEDM since long back. As these S/S locations are on either side of DTR buffer zone and are easily accessible with existing metal roads construction of new approach road is not required. Thus, no encroachment in valuable land resources is envisaged. The details of requirement of approach road along with google map photos of S/S depicting status of approach have been placed at Table 2.22. However, it is to submit that in both cases of S/S i.e., 132/11kV West Phaileng S/S - 80m and 132/33kV Marpara S/S - 130m, strengthening / upgradation work of existing road is required to be undertaken to facilitate movement of construction materials and machineries to the construction sites of S/S in consultation with local authority and villagers. Accordingly, the NOC for Huas Passing and Road Construction for 132/11 kV West Phaileng S/S from Respective authority i.e., Village Council / court of West Phaileng is obtained. Please Refer Annexure 4. The CAMPA for West Phaileng Marpara 132 kv D/C TL is being raised and maintained by state Forest department over the double area i.e., 213 Ha of degraded forest land identified in Compartment No. 1, Saitah Forest Range, West Phaileng Beat below Kawnmawi Village inside the notified RF of Teirei RRF under West Phaileng Beat in Mammit Forest Division within three years from Stage II clearance. Other Clearances and NOCs under FRA 2006 are being complied with. Funds required for CAMPA to Forest Department are arranged by PEDM / IA. All the other stipulated conditions in the clearance copy are followed strictly. The copy of MoEFCC clearance for West Phaileng Marpara 132 kv D/C TL is depicted in Annexure 4. Periodical lopping/pruning of trees to maintain line clearance is done under the direction of forest department (for details refer Figure 5.3 for tree failing pattern and refer Figure 5.2 for area of influence). Moreover, to prevent unauthorized tree felling in forest area, measures like providing construction crews with fuel wood or alternative fuels by Contractor has been specified in EMP (refer clause- 24). Green Circle Inc. 105 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram TL can serve as new access routes into previously inaccessible or poorly accessible forests, thereby accelerating forest and wildlife loss. In such cases, PEDM cannot take action itself, but local Forest Department personnel normally assess the dangers and take appropriate action, such as establishing guard stations at the entrance to the forest etc. cost of which is borne by PEDM. Given the already easy access and degraded conditions at the proposed subprojects sites, this problem is not expected to be encountered. Nonetheless, PEDM staff will report to the Forest Department any noticeable encroachment induced by the Projects in such situation. The tree cutting in non-forest area was avoided during construction activities at S/S locations and at TL to the maximum possible extent. Trees are only removed to maintain electrical safety clearance. During land development prior to construction of substation shrubs/trees on the plot are cleared that create hinderance to work. In TL corridor, only 3 m strip below each conductor is cleared during stringing activities and natural vegetation is allowed in cleared strips barring one which is kept for maintenance activity. In remaining corridor, mostly pruning/looping is done to maintain electrical clearance. In Mizoram Tree cutting in nonforest area is a regulatory activity and forest NOC is to be taken prior to the tree cutting. Supreme court has issued Guidelines for the felling of trees from Non-Forest Areas, 2004. The guidelines have procedure to obtain NOC from Divisional Forest Officer (DFO). The guidelines also mention the tree species which do not require NOC under the said notification. Please refer Annexure 6 for the guidelines. Also, MoEFCC, GoM has issued notification Dated 9th August 2019 in connection with the guidelines for Felling of trees from Non-Forest Area depicting the list of trees exempted from the requirement of feeling permission in Mizoram. During present study the actual tree enumeration in the complete corridor was carried out by IA. Total 138648 trees are counted amongst which 35686 trees may be impacted during construction of said TL in buffer zone of DTR for construction of 78 towers considering an area of each tower base and 6m below conductor for 33km stretch of line. In Nonforest Area total 3450 trees likely to be affected. However, it was tried to retain maximum trees on site. Only grass growth on the S/S plot was cleared during land development prior to construction. At TL locations trees were maximum tried to trim limited to the locations where the height of trees was hindering the work. However, compensation is paid to farmers/owners after assessment of actual damage duly certified by revenue/forest/horticulture/rubber board authority as per provisions of The Electricity Act, 2003 & The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885. During our site visit and verification of documents it has been observed that the IA is complying with all such provisions in spirit. Compensations are being paid following CPTD compensation for all damages to the tree owners as explained in Section 4.4.1. 5.2.5 Lines into other valuable lands Total land occupied by T&D lines ROW is 137.22 Ha. The major land use occupied by T&D lines is open hill forest (62 Ha), Segun Forest plantation (8.38 Ha), Grazing Land (28 Ha), Bamboo Forest (12.12%) etc. Details of land use are provided in Table 4.3. MoP, GoI issued guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regard to ROW for TL on October 15, 2015, stipulating payment of 85% of land value for tower base area (between four legs) and compensation towards diminution of land value in the width of RoW corridor subject to a maximum of 15% of land value. Please Refer Annexure 7. However, these guidelines are not adopted by GoM till date, hence the existing practice of 100% land cost for tower base are being implemented. The letter was issued to PEDM regarding adoption of MoP, GoI Guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regards to RoW for TLs vide ref. WB-6/2018-EC(PC)/SPUC/21 dated 07/02/2019. Please Refer Annexure 8. Green Circle Inc. 106 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram PEDM intimated POWERGRID that GoM has decided for adopting with the prevailing practice of payment of compensation towards damage in regards to RoW for TLs through Letter vide ref. WB-6/2019-EC(PC)/SPUC/36 dated 17/05/2019. Please Refer Annexure 9. POWERGRID has drawn the modalities dated 19/03/2019 for payment of compensation for NERSIP Project in Mizoram State with concepts and guidelines to execute the compensations at different levels as per requirements. Please Refer Annexure 10. Figure 5-6: Tree Failing Pattern Green Circle Inc. 107 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 5-7: Example of Pole Erection where tree is Prevented from Cutting Once the tree/crop is removed / damaged, PEDM issues a tree cutting/crop damaged notice to the land owner with a copy to the Revenue Officer to process the compensation payment. Based on the above the compensation payment is generated by means of a computerized program developed by the National Informatics Centre exclusively for this purpose. The detailed Valuation statement thus generated using this program is verified at various levels and approval of payment of compensation is accorded by the concerned District Collectors. On approval of compensation, the revenue officer shall further intimate the amount payable to the different landowners and PEDM arranges the payment by way of Demand Draft/Cheque to the affected parties. The payment is further disbursed at the local village office after due verification of the documents in presence of other witnesses. The details of Landowner as per detailed survey of West Phaileng Marpara 132/33 kV TL is enclosed as Annexure 11. The land rates and compensation estimates are also depicted in Annexure 11. The compensations paid till June 2021 is explained in Chapter 4 Under Section 4.4.1 in Table 4.5. The sample case of compensation payment including notice for crop/tree compensation and damage assessment is provided in Annexure 12. The compensations paid till June 2021 is explained in Chapter 4 Under Section 4.4.1 in Table 4.7. As described earlier in section 4.4.1 and 5.2.1 all measures are undertaken by PEDM at the line routing stage itself to avoid settlements such as cities, villages etc. It may be seen from the above description of proposed route alignments and also keeping in mind that no permanent acquisition of land is involved for tower foundation. As per existing law, these subprojects don’t require any resettlement of villagers. However, some temporary damages/ disturbances can happen. Same are being compensated under CPTD which is developed to minimize the damages and provide compensation plan for temporary damages. This is executed in consultation with the GoT and affected persons and community. As per existing laws and CPTD Green Circle Inc. 108 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram compensation for all damages (land / tree / crop) paid to the individual land owner. Budgetary provision of Rs. 297.165 lakhs have been made in the cost estimate to meet these expenses. Also please Refer Annexure 13. Agricultural activities are allowed to continue following the construction period. If bunds or other on-farm works are disturbed during construction or maintenance, they are restored to the owner's satisfaction following cessation of construction or maintenance activities. 5.2.6 Likely Impact of The Project on Buffer Zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve The impact on the forest and wildlife associated with power transmission project with specific reference to the proposed 132 kV Transmission Line from West Phaileng to Marpara on the buffer zone of DAMPA Tiger reserve is summarized as below: 5.2.6.1 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation In case of 132 kV West Phaileng to Marpara Transmission line the RoW is considered as 27 meters, wherein the standing trees are required to be either felled, looped/pruned as necessary for casting of tower foundation, tower erection & electrical conductor stringing. The large scale felling of trees along the line corridor might impact the nesting sites of birds as well as habitat and movement of other arboreal species like monkeys, primates etc. available in that area. As per the field inspection of Director (DAMPA) at the wildlife passages & wild life area , there are 03 (three) nos. wildlife passages within Dampa Tiger Reserve buffer zone are available and at the same passages there are 09 (Nine) nos.132KV Power line towers from AP-51 to AP-59 (near to Saithah village) are falling for which minimum ground clearance kept at tower as 13.3 mtrs but as per the advise of the director DAMPA, another 03 mtrs further clearance insisted and kept as 16.3 mtrs for safe passage of wild animals and other mammals in DAMPA WLS & Tiger Reserve. it is intimated that section of the transmission line following mitigation measures are proposed to be adopted by POWERGRID during execution of the project. As per Indian Electricity rule, the minimum ground clearance for 132 kV Transmission line is 6.1 meter i.e. the lower most electrical conductor wire between two adjacent towers will be stringed in such a way that the minimum height from actual ground level is always more than 6.1 meter which is sufficient for safe passage of animals and others mammals In addition to the above, it is proposed to maintain additional clearance 3 meter over and above minimum clearance above ground from the lowest conductor of transmission line for the areas specified above . 5.2.6.2 Electrocution and Accidental Collison of Birds As per available/listed data risk of electrocution of birds are mostly related to distribution/transmission lines up to 110 kV due to dimensions and spacing between two conductors, electrocution of Bird/Raptor by EHV lines of 132 kV & above is quite rare. Since DAMPA Wildlife Sanctuary (i.e. the core area of DAMPA Tiger Reserve) is recognized as one of the Important Bird areas (IBA) in India, a having a significant population of birds including the Arborophile atrogularis, Treron phayei and Buceros bicornis were found in the near threatened category. Therefore, the following mitigation measures are proposed for safeguard of birds:- Green Circle Inc. 109 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram The Stringing of conductor for the transmission line shall be carried out maintaining a separation between energized conductors as follows: Vertical distance between two conductors: 4 m (appx.) The above arrangement, will nullify the likelihood of electrocution of large winged birds like hornbill, because the distance between energized conductors will be always more than the maximum wing span of the bird. To prevent accidental collision of birds with the conductor bird diverter/colored/contrast marker devices will be installed on the earth wire to make it visible to birds from long distance as shown in the photographs as below from AP 37 to AP 72 (In between Lallen to Phulbial) where the birds are flying and taking water from water bodies/small ponds which are are available in the above vicinity. Bird Guard is provided on towers as per requirement to prevent birds from sitting in the insulator strings which may result in puncture of insulator due to defecation by birds. The excavated pits shall be properly barricaded and fenced so as to prevent accidental falling of mammals in the vicinity of the construction sites. Many different designs of tower exist for 132 kV lines with standardization becoming more focused in recent years. Anti- Climbing Devices (ACD’s) are being used at tower four corners gates with two opening and two non - opening fenced by using barbed wire and accessories. Green Circle Inc. 110 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 111 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 5.2.6.3 Induced Impact on Wildlife from Construction Workers Construction manpower is be required for execution of the project and makeshift construction camps at the tower foundation/erection sites as per site requirement. However, for the instant project, for tower foundation works, local manpower/workers are engaged. Specialized works like tower erection and stringing, migrant labourers are engaged. The induced impact on the wildlife of DTR from such construction workers i.e., the likelihood of involvement in hunting/trafficking of wild animals and other unlawful activity during the execution of the project are thus not envisaged. Monitoring is strictly carried out daily at site by EPC contractor. Also the timings of construction as per Biodiversity Board Report and recommendations along with specific conditions in NBWL NOC are strictly followed. Local labours are engaged and hence no labour is staying on site after construction hours. 5.2.7 Interference with other utilities and traffic As per regulations enacted by GoI, it is mandatory for PEDM to seek clearance prior to construction from department of Railways, Telecommunications and wherever necessary from aviation authorities that are likely to be affected by the construction of TL. The TL affect nearby telecommunication circuits by causing electrical interference. A standing committee -- Power Telecom Co-ordination Committee (P.T.C.C.) has been constituted by GoI to plan and implement the mitigating measures for the induced voltage which may occur to nearby telecom circuit and suggested necessary protection measures has to be adopted. The committee suggests measures like rerouting of the telecom circuits, conversion of overhead telecom circuits into cables etc. to minimize the interference. Accordingly, NOC from Ministry of Aviation, Defense, P.T.C.C NOCs are obtained. Please refer Annexure 4. The cost of such measures is determined by the Committee on the basis of prevailing norms and guidelines. Though the exact cost to mitigate the impacts of induction in neighbouring telecom circuits would vary from case to case, the cost on an average works out to be Rs. 50000/- per km. Provision to meet these expenses has been made in the cost estimate for the same for transmission line proposed under the instant scheme. The main approach road for accessing the construction sites is through existing West Phaileng –Marpara state road which is the only road connectivity between the two areas. The proposed line is running along the road and S/S sites are situated just adjacent to it. Therefore, construction of additional approach for the proposed Substation sites may not be required. It has been observed that traffic volume on the aforesaid road is quite negligible as it comprises of mostly small vehicles. Therefore, we don’t foresee any steep rise in volume of traffic due to mobilization for said projects. Wherever TL crosses the railways, clearance is taken from that department. In general, the system is planned and executed in such a way that adequate clearance is maintained between TLs on the one hand, and railways, civil aviation and defense installations on the other. Wherever the TLs pass by the airports the towers beyond specified height are painted in alternate orange and white stripes for easy visibility and warning lights are placed atop these towers. In the instant case all such precautions are taken and being implemented. Green Circle Inc. 112 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 5.2.8 Interference with drainage pattern As the TL is constructed aerially and the blockage of ground surface is limited to area of tower footings, which is very small, there is little possibility of affecting drainage pattern. Moreover, the transmission lines proposed under the subject don’t not involve any tower to be placed in river beds for river crossing. However, management measures as specified in EMP (refer clause - 5 & 12) like appropriate siting of towers were undertaken during detailed alignment survey and design to avoid any incidence of flooding hazards of loss of agricultural production due to interference with drainage patterns or irrigation channels. Moreover, all feasible measures as listed in the EMP (Refer clause 13, 14, 31, 34 & 46) are being undertaken in addition to standard engineering measures included as part of substation design. In case of S/S, all drainage channels along (Cross drainage structure) or inside S/S constructed / trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion due to uncontrolled flow of water. 5.2.8.1 Towers/ Poles and drainage pattern Moreover, the TLs proposed under the subject don’t not involve any tower to be placed in river beds for river crossing. However, management measures as specified in EMP (refer clause - 5 & 12) like appropriate siting of towers are undertaken during detailed alignment survey and design to avoid any incidence of flooding hazards of loss of agricultural production due to interference with drainage patterns or irrigation channels. In the infrequent instances where the natural flow/drainage is affected, flow is trained and guided to safe zones. The erection of pole is proposed above ground level at desired elevation to avoid flood situation and flood impacts. The Annexure A for GIS maps reveal that the project is planned with suitable elevation above ground level. Provision of drains around the tower pad in plain area is made as the monsoon is very intense and unpredictable in this area. To avoid any interference, DC towers are being used instead DB tower as single span limit is crossed in the stretches where TL/ DL is crossing river; cross-arm strengthening has been suggested. Also, as mentioned in previous chapter, use of leg extension is being implemented for towers to minimize/avoid benching/revetment, to minimize/ avoid chances of soil erosion, to minimize/ avoid sedimentation of river, to provide great stability. 5.2.8.2 Substations and drainage pattern Since all proposed S/S are located mostly in plane terrain no effect on drainage of the area is envisaged. All the S/S are having systematic and adequate arrangement of drainage system right from design stage and are implemented on site. All drainage channels along or inside S/S are being trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion due to uncontrolled flow of water. Retention wall are proposed and being constructed at S/S locations. The actual site photos are shown in section 5.4.1. The GA Layouts of 132/33 kV West Phaileng and 132/33 kV Marpara S/S are given in the Annexure 14. 5.3 Environmental Problems Due to Design 5.3.1 Escape of polluting materials The equipment installed on lines and S/S are static in nature and do not generate any fumes or waste materials. However, detailed specification with respect to equipment design and S/S drainage and sewage design has been included in tender document to avoid any incidence of Green Circle Inc. 113 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram land and water contamination. Transformers have been designed with oil pit and spill containment systems having sump of capacity of 200% of oil volume of largest transformer, and purpose-built oil, lubricant and fuel storage system, complete with spill cleanup equipment. Hazardous Waste Management compliances are followed at each S/S. S/S is also equipped with drainage and sewage disposal systems to avoid offsite land and water pollution. Apart from this, solid waste like packing materials, cables, aluminum conductor, sand, aggregate material, cements and steel generated during construction is carefully handled and removed from the sites periodically to avoid any contamination. Also, the system helps in avoiding accidents through contamination, spills and fire. Transformer Erection with Oil Collection Chamber at West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S Green Circle Inc. 114 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Transformer Erection with Oil Collection Chambers at Marpara 132/33 kV S/S Typical Cross Drainage Structure at S/S at 132/33 kV S/S 5.3.2 Explosion/fire hazards It may be noted that sub-stations are being constructed on the land provided by PEDM after considering all the risks and after following ESPPF. During the survey and site selection for TLs, and S/S, it has been ensured that these are kept away from oil/gas pipelines and other sites with potential for creating explosions or fires. Fires due to flashover from lines can be a more serious problem in forest. However, adequate safety measures are taken to avoid such incidence and has been included in EMP (refer clause - 15, 23 & 51). Besides this forest authorities also incorporate measures like making fire lines to prevent spreading of fire in the Green Circle Inc. 115 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram affected forest area. Apart from this, state of art safety instruments like automatic tripping system is installed in the S/S on both the ends so that line gets tripped within milliseconds in case of any fault. Firefighting instruments including fire extinguishers are kept in appropriate place for immediate action in case of any fire hazard. Firefighting system is well adopted along with general requirements and fire safety requirements. All the measures are implemented at all the S/S locations. Typical firefighting system / Fire control house is finalized for NERSIP by POWERGRID. The details of Firefighting system are given in Annexure 15. 5.3.3 Erosion hazards due to inadequate provision for resurfacing of exposed area Construction of 132kV line involves only small-scale excavation of area i.e., 3m L x 3m W x 3m H for tower footing that may result in generation of 108 m3 of excavated material from each tower. In case of 132/33 kV S/S foundation, excavation of soil to the tune of 7500 m3 is required depending on site condition. Similarly, in case of 33 KV line, soil excavation is limited to 0.72 m3 for each pole, and for 33/11 KV S/S, excavation of around 2000 m3 is required. In the instant case, it is estimated that a total of approximately 33792 m3 (7500X2 + 174 x 108) of excavated materials is expected to be generated for construction of 174 numbers of TL tower, 2 no of 132/33 KV S/S proposed under present scheme. Moreover, the topsoil disturbed during the development of sites are stored properly and used to restore the top surface of the platform. Left over infertile and rocky material being used as fill for foundations and leveling / backfilling as detailed out in EMP (refer clause - 25, 26 & 28). Hence, possibility of erosion of exposed area due to construction activity is negligible. 5.3.4 Soil erosion and contamination Construction of each 132kV tower foundations involve generation of approx. 108 m3 and each S/S would generate 7500 m3 excavated earth respectively. Thus, two 132/33 kV S/S would generate approx. 15000 m3 and construction of 174 133kv towers generate 18792 m3 earth. It has been observed that soil excavated for tower footings and S/S construction are optimally utilized for backfilling and the remaining soil being spread evenly and compacted. Top soil disturbed during the development of sites are used to restore the surface of the platform. Infertile and rocky material are carefully used as fill for S/S and TT foundations. Additional soil is utilized to maintain plain area. Moreover, the project is being implemented in plain area only and hence, possibility of erosion hazard is not anticipated from any of the project site. 5.3.5 Environmental aesthetics Since spacing between each TT in case of 132 kV D/C TL is approx. 300 mt and between each EP in case of 33/11 kV DL is approximately 100 mt. This will not affect the visual aesthetics of the localities particularly when it is ensured to route the lines as far as away from the localities. PEDM takes up plantation of trees to buffer the visual effect around its S/S and to provide better living conditions. Wherever PEDM feels it appropriate, discussions are held regularly with local Forest Department officials to determine feasibility of planting trees along roads running parallel to TL to buffer visual effect in these areas. In addition, towers may be painted grey or green to merge with the background. 5.3.6 Noise/vibration Nuisances The equipment installed at S/S are mostly static and are so designed that the noise level always remains within permissible limits i.e., 85 dB as per Indian standards. The noise levels reported Green Circle Inc. 116 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram during normal operating conditions are about 60 to 70 dB at 2 m. distance from the equipment. To contain the noise level within the permissible limits whenever noise level increases beyond permissible limits, measures like providing sound and vibration dampers and rectification of equipment are undertaken. In addition, plantations of sound absorbing species like Casuarinas, Tamarind, and Neem are raised at the S/S that reduce the sound level appreciably. DG set with proper enclosures is part of equipment specification/ design criteria. Some noise is unavoidable during construction phase like noise produced by concrete mixing equipment and excavators which are temporary and only in day time. However, regular monitoring by IA/Contractors and due maintenance of equipment are ensured to keep the noise level well within the prescribed limit. 5.3.7 Blockage of Wildlife passage In the instant scheme, portion of 132 KV D/C West Phaileng - Marpara line is passing through the buffer zone of DTR which is not a core tiger habitat and no direct sighting of tigers in the buffer zone is reported so far. As per the pre biodiversity assessment study carried out by Assam State Biodiversity Board, the subject area is also not part of any corridor of flagship species such as elephants and hence, possibility of any disturbance to wildlife is not anticipated. Another phenomenon reported in some places viz. Bird hit/electrocution by electric lines during landing and takeoff near the water bodies, fly path of birds is also not envisaged in the instant case due to absence of such sensitives areas nearby the proposed line and also no earlier reported incidence in the project area. Necessary Forest and NBWL clearance are obtained with stipulated specific conditions. The conditions are being implemented on site to avoid impact on wildlife environment. Also, the compliances are regularly submitted to permission Authority with site specific periodic monitoring report. The necessary provisions of bird guard and anti-perch device presented in Annexure 16. 5.4 Environmental Problems during Construction Phase 5.4.1 Uncontrolled silt runoff During construction, maximum 108 m3 from each tower foundation and 7500m3 of excavated materials for each S/S foundation expected to be generated. However, adequate measures are taken to store excavated materials properly for refilling after construction is over. In hill slopes site specific engineering practices including bio-engineering techniques, wherever, feasible are being undertaken to prevent soil erosion. Moreover, excavation in the hilly areas is avoided in rainy days. Hence, uncontrolled silt run off is not anticipated. As discussed in the earlier section, the terrain of the project area is 100% hilly Wherever the tower has been positioned on hilltops leg extension is being utilized so as to minimize/ avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. Retaining walls are also being constructed to eliminate the chances of silt runoff/ soil erosion. The excavated material has been backfilled and any remaining earth has been spread around the base and compacted. In case of DLs all the excavated soil is backfilled and compacted after erection of tubular poles. It has been observed that most of these S/S lands were secured by PEDM since long back. As these substation locations are easily accessible with existing metal roads construction of new approach road is not required. It has been observed that most of these S/S lands were secured Green Circle Inc. 117 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram by PEDM since long back. As these substation locations are easily accessible with existing metal roads construction of new approach road is not required. The details of requirement of approach road along with google map photos of substations depicting status of approach have been placed at Table 2.22. However, it is to submit that in few cases i.e., 33/11kV West Phaileng S/S - 80m, 33/11kV Marpara S/S - 130m, only strengthening / upgradation work of existing road is required to be undertaken to facilitate movement of construction materials and machineries to the construction sites of S/S in consultation with local authority and villagers. Accordingly, the NOC for Huas Passing and Road Construction for 132/11 kV West Phaileng S/S from Respective authority i.e., Village Council / court of West Phaileng is obtained. Please Refer Annexure 4. Since these S/S are in hilly area and cutting and filling quantity will be equal so that heavy machineries involved the anticipated impacts will be negligible. IA officials have confirmed that all necessary measures like sprinkling of water, minimum disturbance to local community shall be undertaken during construction work. Further, we have been informed that a separate screening / assessment report for all proposed approach roads under NERPSIP being complied by IA and same will be submitted to World Bank shortly. As already explained, during construction limited quantity of excavated material is generated from tower/pole foundations and sub-station foundation. However, adequate measures have been taken to store excavated materials properly for refilling after construction is over. Further, excavation in the hilly areas is avoided in rainy days. Hence, uncontrolled silt run off is not anticipated. However, during construction, precautions are being taken by contractors, boundary / retaining / breast walls are being constructed to avoid any such runoff of excavated material from the construction sites. Moreover, S/S are being constructed above the highest flood level (HFL) by raising the foundation pad, therefore, are not prone to flooding/ erosive losses of soil. So far there are no instances with potential of erosion during construction of above said lines. Similarly, there are no instances of erosion/losses of soils into adjoining area as all the overburden are being backfilled within the S/S boundary walls and properly managed. The S/S are not located in the vicinity of water bodies or ecologically sensitive areas. 5.4.2 Nuisance to nearby properties While selection of site, due care is taken to keep the TL and S/S away from settlements. Further, all the construction activities undertaken through the use of small mechanical devices e.g., tractors and manual labor, therefore nuisance to the nearby properties if any, is not expected. Since all construction related activities for new S/S are confined to existing S/S which are already inaccessible for general public due to its separation/demarcation by the boundary wall. Moreover, such areas are declared as prohibited for general public as per the provisions of Electricity Act 2003. Hence, any adverse impact arising during the construction of these S/S are temporary and limited to the boundaries of existing S/S only and do not intend to impact on nearby habitat/property and health & safety of neighboring community. 5.4.3 Dust emission due to construction activities & vehicular movements Exposed soils are compacted easily for prevention of dust emission due to construction activities. Sprinkling of water spray vulnerable area and covering transporting vehicles to avoid spillage of materials along with controlled speed measures have been observed in project Green Circle Inc. 118 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram site. Use of personal protective equipment by workers is observed. Proper scheduling of transportation of materials are being undertaken to minimize and mitigate any adverse impact on construction materials. Regular water sprinkling is being carried out at construction sites and hence dust emission impacts are not observed. 5.4.4 Interference with utilities and traffic and blockage of access way Since all the locations of subprojects are not well connected through rail link, transportation of construction materials is mostly through road network. In case access road/path is not available than existing field/bund is utilized after paying due compensation for any damage to crop or field. However, the requirement of new access road through forest area including tree felling the same is included in forest proposal in consultation with forest department as per provisions of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. However, in case tree felling is not required in access road in forest area, the permission for the same will be obtained from concerned DFO in accordance with MoEF & CC circular dated 7th October, 2014. As and when a TL crosses any road/ railways line, adequate care/caution is taken so as not to cause any hindrance to the movement of traffic. Stringing at the construction stage is carried out during lean traffic period in consultation with the concerned authorities and angle towers are planted to facilitate execution of work in different stages. Apart from this, safety precaution like barricading of work area and placement of visible signage is undertaken to avoid any unforeseen incident. 5.4.5 Noise generation from construction activities Generally, machineries and vehicular movements generate noise during construction activities. It has been found that construction works at S/S are potential to generate noise levels higher than the background noise as compared to construction activity of lines. Since construction sites are quite far from settlement/other sensitive receptors like school, hospitals, possibility of any direct impact to surrounding community is not anticipated. Moreover, all these activities are being undertaken during day time only. Green Circle Inc. 119 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram To prevent any adverse impact, staffs/workers engaged in construction activity are equipped with personal protective equipment like earmuffs/ earplugs Besides; construction techniques like use of low noise producing equipment /machinery selection and their proper maintenance of equipment/machinery are practiced by construction contractors which is also evident from the fact that noise levels reported/ measured during site visit are well within the prescribed limits. Regular noise level monitoring is being carried out by Construction Contractor. 5.4.6 Inadequate resurfacing for erosion control Since, the towers for the proposed T&D lines are to be constructed in hilly area due care is taken to control erosion. In such cases where towers are placed on slopes and erosion prone soils, internationally accepted engineering practices including bio-engineering techniques wherever feasible are being undertaken to prevent soil erosion. This include cutting and filling slopes wherever necessary. The back cut slopes and downhill slopes are being treated with revetments. As explained above adequate steps are taken to resurface the area after construction. Wherever sites are affected by active erosion or landslides, both biological and engineering treatment are carried out, e.g., provision of breast walls and retaining walls, toe wall, revetment wall, stone pitching, guard wall, sowing soil binding grasses around the site. Additionally, one recharge pit is proposed at each S/S location so that the ground water table can be enhanced. Further, construction is generally undertaken in dry/non-monsoon period. The details of erosion control measures / slope protection work are provided in Table 5.2 and Figure 5.8. The progress of boundary / retaining wall as on date is explained in Table 1.5. Also Refer Annexure 14 for Drawing. Table 5-2: Erosion Control / Slope Protection Work Description Location Retaining Wall 132/33 kV West Phaileng, 132/33 kV Marpara Stone Pitching / Stabilizing / 132/33 kV Marpara Bioengineering Boundary Wall All 132/33kV S/s Unequal Leg Extension 132 kV West Phaileng - Marpara Figure 5-8: Erosion Control Measures RCC wall (Left) and RRM Wall (Right) S/S - 132/33 kV West Phaileng Green Circle Inc. 120 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram ULE Tower foundation at AP-170/0 of 132 kV 132 kV S/C West Phaileng-Marpara Line 5.4.7 Inadequate disposition of borrow area The TT/TP foundations involve excavations on small scale basis and the excavated soil is utilized for back filling. The S/S selected on the sites in such a manner that the volume of cutting is equal to volume of filling avoiding borrowing of the area. Surplus earth/soil not generated up till now from any of the EHV or DMS S/S. If generated, soil is being utilized within S/S premises either for approach road construction or may be used for backfilling excavated pits. 5.4.8 Protection of Worker's health/safety All health and safety issues and its management aspects are integral part of project/contract specific safety plan which is also part of contract condition. Please refer a Agreement pertaining to the same in Annexure – 17 issued to M/s Sterling and Wilson Pvt Ltd. Various aspects such as work and safety regulations, workmen's compensation, insurance are adequately covered under the General Conditions of Contract (GCC), a part of bidding documents. Project is executed as per the approved plan and is regularly monitored by dedicated Safety personnel. Moreover, for strict compliance of safety standard/plan a special provision as a deterrent has been added in the contract which provides for a heavy penalty of Rs.15 lakhs for each accidental death and Rs.5.0 lakh/person for serious injury and 25% or more permanent disability to the Employer for further disbursement to the deceased family/ Injured persons. and is deducted from the contractor’s payment and paid to the deceased/affected family, The permanent disability has the same meaning as indicated in Workmen's Compensation Act 1923, The above stipulations is in addition to all other compensation payable to sufferer as per workmen compensation Act / Rules (Annexure – 18). The project authority ensures that all contractors are operating with valid labour license as per provision under section – 12(1) of the Contract Labours (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 and also certified under Section- 7(3) of the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Service) Act, 1996 from Ministry of Labour & Employment. Besides, the contractors have obtained requisite insurance policy as per provisions of Green Circle Inc. 121 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Employee Compensation Act, 1923 for its employed workforce. Sample copy of labour license and insurance policy for workers is attached as Annexure-18. PEDM maintains safety as a top priority and has framed guidelines/checklist for workers’ safety as its personnel are exposed to live EHV apparatus and TLs. These guidelines / checklists include work permits and safety precautions for work on the TLs both during construction and operation and is regularly monitored by site in-charge. Sample copy of filled in checklist is enclosed as Annexure-19. Site inspection is regularly executed on sites by HSE team to ensure the measures implemented and workers health is taken care of. If found noncompliance, letter is issued to Contractor. Please refer letter issued to M/s Starling and Wilson Pvt Ltd for noncompliance of HSE in Annexure 20. In addition, training is imparted to the workers in firefighting and safety measures. Standard safety tools like helmet, safety belt, gloves etc. are provided to them in accordance to the provisions of Safety Rules. First aid facilities are to be made available with the labor gangs, and doctors called in from nearby towns when necessary. Efforts are being made to hire labourers locally to the extent possible, else same have been outsourced. The workers have been provided with PPEs such as boots and helmets. Mock drills such as fire safety, first aid etc. are conducted periodically to enhance the preparedness level of the workforce. The number of outside (skilled) laborers are quite small, of the order of 25-30 people per group and remaining workforce of unskilled laborers are comprised of mostly local people. Workers are also covered by the statutory Workmen (Compensation) Act. Regular health checkups are conducted for construction workers. The construction sites and construction workers’ houses are disinfected regularly. In order to minimize/checking of spread of socially transmitted diseases e.g., HIV/AIDS etc. PEDM regularly conduct awareness building programs on such issues for the construction workers. Work sites and quarters were fumigated to avoid Covid 19 risk to the workers. Awareness program on Covid 19 at S/S was carried out by the construction contractor to prevent Covid 19 infections. Distribution of essential food materials at S/S was done during lockdown period. Photos of health and safety measures taken at the work sites are as follows: Thermal Scanning of Workers at Marpara Green Circle Inc. 122 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 123 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 5-9: Precautions Taken by the Contractor for Health and Safety of Workers Safe Work Practices in different States/Sites during reporting period First Aid & Fire Safety Training Green Circle Inc. 124 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. 125 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Medical Health Check Up Covid Awareness Green Circle Inc. 126 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Training on Safety in general including Excavation & Soil management Worker Camp at 132/33 kV West Phaileng Typical Soak-pit Toilet at 132/33kV Green Circle Inc. 127 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 5.5 Environmental Problems Resulting from Operation 5.5.1 O&M Staff/Skills less than acceptable resulting in variety of adverse effects The O& M program is normally implemented by S/S personnel for both the lines as well as S/S. Monitoring measures employed include patrolling and thermo- vision scanning. The supervisors and managers entrusted with O&M responsibilities are intensively trained for necessary skills and expertise for handling these aspects. A monthly preventive maintenance program is regularly carried out to disclose problems related to cooling oil, gaskets, circuit breakers, vibration measurements, contact resistance, con- denser, air handling units, electrical panels and compressors. Any sign of soil erosion is also reported and rectified. Monitoring results are published monthly, including a report of corrective action taken and a schedule for future action. PEDM follows the best international practices while designing its system to maintain acceptable prescribed EMF level. The approved international standards and design, which The ICNIRP guideline for the general public (up to 24 hours a day) is a maximum exposure level of 1,000 mG or 100T. Further, because of issues relating to need to ensure health and safety relating to the line such as fire safety, safe voltages on metallic parts of buildings, and safety clearances to avoid flashover, the TL do not pass directly over any residential properties and as such the potential for EMF effects to occur will be further diminished. All the S/S are being constructed following the Sustainable Building norms and construction manual. Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) due to their high heat capacity, low flammability and low electrical conductivity were extensively used as insulating material in capacitors and transformers. But after the finding that these PCBs are non-biodegradable and have carcinogenic tendency, its use in electrical equipment as insulating medium has been banned all over the world long back. However, it has been reported in some studies that chances of contamination of oil with PCB is possible. Keeping that in mind, PEDM has discontinued procurement electrical equipment containing PCB more than 2 mg/kg and specification (as per IEC 61619 or ASTM D4059) is being stated in the tender document. Moreover, the subject scheme doesn’t involve replacement of any PCB containing equipment; hence no disposal of such equipment is anticipated. Green Circle Inc. 128 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 5.6 Critical Environmental Review Criteria 5.6.1 Loss of irreplaceable resources The T&S projects do not involve any large-scale excavation. In TL land is affected to the extent 43.5 sq. m below the tower base for which compensation is paid to land owner. Please refer Chapter 4 and Table 4.4 and Table 4.5. In the instant scheme, major portion 132 kV West Phaileng- Marpara (33 km out of 50.265 km line length) is passing through buffer zone of DTR which includes both forest and revenue land. However, as per regulations, afforestation on doubles the diverted area in respect of forest will be undertaken to compensate any loss of natural resources. In regard to buffer area of DTR, mitigation measures as per guidelines including 2-5% of project cost in sanctuary area shall be implemented for habitat improvement and wildlife conservation. 5.6.2 Accelerated use of resources for short-term gains PEDM do not intend to use any natural resources occurring in the area during construction as well as maintenance of ready sub projects. The construction material such as tower members, cement etc., are procured from factories while the excavated soil is being utilized for backfilling to restore the surface / filling of tower foundations. During construction of TL very small quantity of water is required which is met from nearby existing authorized source and through tanker. However, for S/S mostly ground water is used by installing a bore well during construction as well as for Operational stage. Moreover, provision of rain water harvesting in all proposed S/S by installing recharge pits and cross drainage / outer drainage structure under the present scheme has been made to conserve precious water resource and enhance the ground water level. Hence it may be seen that the activities associated with implementation of subject project do not intend to cause any accelerated use of resources for short term gains. 5.6.3 Endangering of species As per Biodiversity assessment study, Dipterocarpus indicus (Endangered category) as per IUCN 2020.1. During field survey Chromolaena odorata, Oroxylum indicum invasive species are recorded in the study area i.e., transects studied along the TL and S/S. One endangered species viz. Hoolock hoolock. Trachypithecus pileatus and Macaca arctiodes were found in the vulnerable category in the study area. The near Threatened Of species is White Cheeked Partridge, Ashy-headed green pigeon and Great hornbill are also recorded as per Conservation Status IUCN (2020.1). 35686 trees may be impacted during construction of said TL in buffer zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve for construction of 78 towers considering an area of each tower base and 6m below conductor for 33km stretch of line. In Nonforest Area total 3450 trees likely to be affected. However, during implementation of projects if any possibility of damage to habitat of above species is envisaged, all precautions including permission from local forest/wildlife authorities will be undertaken for controlled felling of trees in such identified stretches. No other endangered species of flora and fauna exist in the subprojects area hence possibility of endangering/ causing extinction of any species is not envisaged due to proposed intervention. Green Circle Inc. 129 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 5.6.4 Promoting undesirable rural-to urban migration The subprojects do not cause any submergence or loss of land holdings that normally trigger migration. It also does not involve acquisition of any private land holdings. Hence, there is no possibility of any migration. 5.7 Public Consultation Public consultation/information is an integral part of the project implementation. Public is informed about the project at every stage of execution. During survey also PEDM site officials meet people and inform them about the routing of TLs. During the construction, every individual, on whose land tower is erected and people affected by RoW, are consulted. Apart from organizing many informal group meetings in different villages public meeting were also organized in the routes of TLs along with the photographs. To get the maximum participation during the public consultation Program a notice was served well in advance to the villagers. The details of line and its importance were explained to the villagers. Apart from this, public consultation using different technique like Public Meeting, Small Group Meeting, Informal Meeting are also carried out during different activities of project cycle. During such consultation the public are informed about the project in general and in particular about the following: ➢ Complete project plan (i.e., its route and terminating point and S/S, if any, in between); ➢ Design standards in relation to approved international standards; ➢ Health impacts in relation to EMF; ➢ Measures taken to avoid public utilities such as school, hospitals, etc.; ➢ Other impacts associated with TLs and PEDM approach to minimizing and solving them; ➢ Compensation process for trees and crop damages. In the instant project many group meetings were organized (informally and formally) in different villages where the interventions are likely to happen. Village women folk have actively participated in these meetings. Of the total participants, women constitute around 20%. Such consultation culminated in public meeting organized at the till date for proposed transmission & distribution subprojects under NERPSIP scheme in Mamit district of the State. Since there are very scarce settlements/small villages in the proposed line corridor, therefore public from the villages like Kawnmawi, Chhippui, Lallen, Saithah, Phulbial, Phuldungsei, West Philpui, Pukzing Vengthar, Hruiduk has been invited at West Phaileng venue. Many informal consultations with the local population were also carried out during the Biodiversity Assessment Study by the consultants viz. M/s Assam State Biodiversity Board (ASBB) and M/s Green Initiatives Certification & Inspection Agency (GICIA). Apart from this, recently (18th May 2017) another public consultation meeting was organized at Phuldungsei village community hall to obtain fresh feedback as well as suggestion on the proposed TL. The details of line and its importance were explained to the villagers by the officials of PEDM and POWERGRID. The programme was arranged in interactive way and queries like tree/crop compensation, routing of lines avoiding populated area/houses, engagement of local people in construction activity etc. were also replied. The programme was appreciated by the villagers and they assured to extend their cooperation for construction of the said subprojects. The process of such consultation shall continue during project implementation and even during O&M stage. Details of public consultation mentioned in Appendix C. Findings of public consultation: 1. People are well aware about the project, its various components and confirmed that IA & PEDM informed about the project at every stage of execution 2. People confirmed that IA & PEDM are taking every step possible to avoid/ minimize the environmental and social impacts along the route of TLs and at site of sub stations. Green Circle Inc. 130 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 3. People confirmed that community reserves, sacred groves and community conserved areas are completely avoided while finalizing the route of lines 4. People also confirmed that their common property resources such as cemetery, school, community hall, habitation areas etc. have been completely avoided while finalizing the route of lines. 5. People informed that staff of IA/ contractor are easily approachable and are very open to address their grievances. As a result, no written grievance has been received till date. 6. People are very much happy with the rate of compensation being given to them and they are being involved in the process of deciding the rate of compensation. 7. People confirmed that there is no disturbance of any sort to their life/ livelihood due to the construction or various other activities being carried out under the project. 8. Execution of project work provides opportunities to local contractors to get involved in construction, fabrication, transportation etc. activities. 9. Most of the sub-contracts are awarded/ being awarded to local peoples. 10. Contractor prefer and engage local peoples for skilled and unskilled works 11. Local villagers rented out their buildings to contractor and IA for temporary offices and staff quarters in local that helps in income generation 12. Wherever possible contractor and IA purchase daily need requirements for local vendors and shopkeepers that helps in economic upliftment of the area 13. The contractor labor informed that they have been provided with PPEs such as boots and helmets. 14. Mock drills such as fire safety, first aid etc. are conducted periodically to enhance the preparedness level. Safety induction & awareness program including HIV/AID are also conducted. Safety film for transmission project in local language is shown for better awareness. 15. First aid boxes and provisions for treatment in case of emergencies are arranged locally/ nearby towns 16. It was revealed that contractor and IA work with close coordination with village heads and community to avoid any misunderstanding during work. 5.8 Compliance of EMP The IA has a continuous monitoring mechanism of the project w.r.t. compliance of the mandatory requirements as stipulated in the IEAR. As many provisions of EMP related to construction contractor, EMP has been made integral part of contract document for its proper implementation by contractor/sub-contractor. Thus, the adherence to the clauses by the contractor is regularly monitored especially in respect of various implementation E & S measures including health and safety aspects. As part of the present study, mitigation measures as stipulated in the IEAR have been critically assessed/evaluated for compliance through physical inspection, verification of record/documents/drawing, interaction with project officials/contractor/villagers/construction workers and PRA etc. Based on above, a detailed compliance status w.r.t. each identified impacts enlisted in EMP have been prepared and is presented in the Table 5.3. Green Circle Inc. 131 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 5-3: Compliance of EMP Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures Pre-construction 1 Location of Exposure to Setback of Tower location Setback Implementing Part of overhead Careful route overhead line safety related dwellings to and overhead/ distances to Agency (IA) lines tower/ alignment had towers/ poles/ risks overhead line route underground nearest poles/ laying of ensured that no underground designed in alignment houses – once underground cable house / DLs and accordance with selection with site survey and dwelling unit is alignment & permitted level of respect to nearest detailed alignment coming in the RoW. design power frequency dwellings survey and design and the regulation of supervision at sites. 2 Equipment Release of PCBs not used in S/S Transformer design Exclusion of IA Part of tender Compiled and specifications chemicals and transformers or PCBs in specifications for included in tender and design gases in other project transformers the equipment document with parameters receptors (air, facilities or stated in tender technical water, land) equipment. specification – specification. once Processes, Process, equipment Exclusion of IA Part of tender Compiled and equipment and and system design CFCs stated in specifications included in tender systems not to use tender for the equipment document with chlorofluorocarbons specification – technical (CFCs), including once specification. halon, and their use, Phase out Part of equipment Included in process if any, in existing schedule to be and process design design and its part of processes and prepared in equipment systems should be case still in use specification. phased out and to be – once disposed of in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Government Green Circle Inc. 132 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures 3 Transmission/ Exposure to Line design to Electromagnetic Line design IA Part of design Designs are in Distribution electromagnetic comply with the field strength for compliance parameters compliance with line design interference limits of proposed line with relevant international electromagnetic design standards once standards as certified interference from by PTI, USA, CPRI overhead power Bangalore lines 4 Substation Exposure to Design of plant Expected noise Compliance IA Part of detailed Designs are in location and noise enclosures to comply emissions based on with siting survey and Compliance with design with noise S/S design regulations - design minimal noise and regulations. once acoustics with international standards as certified by PTI, USA, CPRI Bangalore Social inequities Careful selection of Selection of S/S Consultation IA Part of detailed Complied site to avoid location (distance with local siting survey and encroachment of to sensitive area). authorities/ design socially, culturally autonomous and archaeological councils - once sensitive areas (i.e. sacred graves, graveyard, religious worship place, monuments etc.) 5 Location of Impact on Avoidance of such Tower/pole location Consultation IA Part of tower/pole Careful route overhead line water bodies water bodies to the and overhead/ with local site survey and selection and towers/poles/ extent possible. underground line authorities– detailed provision of adequate laying of Avoidance of alignment selection once underground extensions has underground placement of tower (distance to water /overhead line avoided the distribution inside water bodies to bodies) alignment survey habituated area to line & the extent of possible and design the extent possible. Green Circle Inc. 133 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures alignment and Social inequities Careful route selection Tower/pole location Consultation IA Part of detailed TL (132/33kV) is design to avoid existing and overhead/ with local tower/pole site and routed either age of settlements and underground line authorities/ overhead/ agriculture land or sensitive locations alignment selection autonomous underground side of the road (distance to nearest councils and alignment survey ensuring that it does dwellings or social land owners – and design not obstruct and institutions) once create any public Minimize impact on Tower location and Consultation nuisance agricultural land overhead with local Careful selection of underground line authorities/ site and route alignment selection autonomous alignment to avoid (distance to councils and encroachment of agricultural land owners – socially, culturally and land) Once archaeological Tower/pole location Consultation sensitive areas (i. and overhead/ with local graveyard, religious underground line authorities/ worship place, alignment selection autonomous monuments etc.) (distance to councils - once sensitive area) 6 Involuntary Loss of land/ Compensation and Compensation and As per State Govt. Prior to award No Land Acquisition acquisition or income change R&R measures are monetary R&R provisions /start of S/S in the project. Hence permanent in social status extended as per amounts/ facilities laid out in the construction. no cases of R&R. land etc. provision of extended before act Other compensation acquisition for RFCT LARR Act, possession of land. as per existing rules. S/S. 2013 (Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013) Green Circle Inc. 134 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures 7 Line through Loss of precious Avoid siting of lines Tower/pole location Consultation IA Part of detailed site The proposed final TL protected ecological through such areas and overhead/ with local selection and 132 kV D/C West area/ precious values / damage by careful site and underground line forest alignment survey Phaileng Marpara TL ecological area to precious alignment selection alignment selection authorities - /design traversing through species (NP, WLS, (distance to nearest once Buffer zone of Dampa Biosphere Reserves/ designated Tiger Reserve. The TL Biodiversity ecological protected route involve notified Hotspots) / sensitive areas) reserve forest land of DTR Buffer zone. 104.77 Ha of RF is being diverted for the project purpose and hence require the forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 along with NBWL approval. Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Minimize the need Tower / pole Consultation IA Part of detailed site Complied by using RoW location and with local selection and wherever possible overhead / authorities and alignment underground line design survey /design alignment selection engineers - once Green Circle Inc. 135 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures 8 Line through Damage to the Study of earmarked Tower/pole Consultation IA Part of detailed site There is no elephant identified Wildlife/ Birds elephant corridors to location and with local selection and corridor in the Elephant and also to line avoid such corridors, overhead/ forest alignment survey selected route. corridor / Adequate ground underground line authorities – /design and Migratory bird clearance, Fault alignment selection. once. Operation clearing by Circuit Minimum/maximu Breaker, Barbed wire m ground clearance Monitoring – wrapping on towers, quarterly reduced spans etc., if basis applicable Avoidance of Tower/pole Consultation IA Part of detailed site Complied, established/ location and with local selection and Bird guards are being identified migration overhead/ forest alignment survey provided in towers. path (Birds & Bats). underground line authorities - /design and Provision of flight alignment selection once Operation diverter/ reflectors, bird guard, elevated perches, insulating jumper loops, obstructive perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc7., if applicable 9 Line through Deforestation Avoid locating lines Tower/pole Consultation IA Part of detailed site Minimum tree cutting forestland and loss of in forest location and with local selection and is done. Total 3450 biodiversity land by careful site overhead/ authorities – alignment trees are cut in edge effect and alignment underground line once survey/design nonforest area. The selection alignment selection guidelines for tree Minimize the need by (distance to nearest cutting in Nonforest using existing protected or Area of Supreme court, towers, tall towers reserved forest) 2004 in Mizoram are and RoW, wherever being followed. The Possible shrubby vegetation is retained as it is. Wherever tree cutting Green Circle Inc. 136 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures is necessary, it was done under supervision of forest department. Consultation Complied. Time to with local time public authorities and consultation is being design carried out. Necessary engineers – approvals are once obtained in case of approach road to S/S construction. Measures to avoid Intrusion of Consultation Complied invasion of alien invasive species with local species forest authorities - once Obtain statutory Statutory approvals Compliance The proposed final TL clearances from the from Government with 132 kV D/C West Government regulations – Phaileng Marpara TL once for each traversing through subproject Buffer zone of Dampa Tiger Reserve. The TL route involve notified reserve forest land of DTR Buffer zone. 104.77 Ha of RF is being diverted for the project purpose and hence require the forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 along with NBWL approval. Stage I Forest Clearance is Green Circle Inc. 137 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Consultation with Permission/ NOC Consultation Not applicable. autonomous councils from autonomous with wherever required councils autonomous councils–once during tower placement 10 Lines through Loss of Use existing Tower/pole Consultation IA Part of detailed Foundations cast farmland agricultural tower or Footings location and with local alignment survey during lean period to production/ wherever possible. overhead/ authorities and avoid damage to the change in underground line and design design crops during cropping alignment selection. engineers – harvesting. pattern once Avoid sitting new Tower/pole Consultation Part of detailed Due care taken to towers on farmland location and with local sitting and avoid the damage to wherever feasible overhead/ authorities and alignment survey the extent possible. underground line design /design alignment selection engineers – once 11 Noise related Nuisance to Substations sited and Noise levels Noise levels to IA Part of detailed Complied, neighboring designed to ensure be specified in equipment design Appropriately located. properties noise is to not be a tender No noise anticipated nuisance documents – once 12 Interference Flooding Appropriate sitting Tower/pole Consultation IA Part of detailed No S/S or towers are with drainage hazards/ loss of of towers to avoid location and with local alignment survey located in the natural patterns/ agricultural channel interference overhead/ authorities and and design drainage or irrigation Green Circle Inc. 138 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures irrigation production underground line design channels. channels alignment selection engineers – All the towers and (distance to nearest once Poles and S/S are flood zone) designed and constructed at desired elevation above flood level. 13 Escape of Environmental Transformers Equipment Tender IA Part of detailed Spill control plan is polluting pollution designed with oil specifications with document to equipment design ready and no spilled materials spill containment respect to potential mention /Drawings material will go out of systems, and pollutants specifications substation due to purpose-built oil, – once provision secondary lubricant and fuel containment. All storage system, transformers are well complete built with oil pits. Hazardous management, storage and handling rules 2016 are adhered to. Substations to Substation sewage Tender IA Part of detailed Spill control plan is include drainage and design document to substation layout ready and no spilled sewage disposal mention and material will go out of systems to avoid detailed design/drawings substation due to offsite land and specifications – provision secondary water pollution. once containment. Internal drainage and sewerage system is well planned and implemented at all S/S. 14 Equipment’s Contamination of Substations Substation design Base height as IA Part of detailed S/S constructed above submerged receptors constructed above to account for HFL per flood substation layout the high flood level under flood the high flood level (elevation withrespect design- once and (HFL) by raising the (HFL) by raising the to HFL elevation) design/drawings foundation pad and foundation pad the surface run off is Green Circle Inc. 139 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures directed along with the boundary of the substation. Internal drainage system is well planned and implemented at all S/S. 15 Explosions Hazards to life Design of substations Substation design Tender IA Part of detailed Complied, adequate /Fire to include modern compliance with document to substation layout numbers of fire firefighting fire prevention and mention and design extinguishers are equipment control codes detailed /drawings provided being specifications – planned in lean once period or avoided during harvest Provision of Complied, the fire firefighting extinguishers are equipment to be placed at strategic located close to locations. transformers Construction 16 Equipment Noise and Construction Construction Construction IA (Contractor Construction period Complied, Anti- layout and vibrations techniques and techniques and techniques and through contract vibration pad are used. installation machinery selection machinery machinery provisions) seeking to minimize creating ground disturbance. minimal ground disturbance- once at the start of each construction phase 17 Physical Disturbed Construction Timing of start of Crop IA (Contractor Construction period Foundation being construction farming activity activities on construction disturbance – through contract planned in lean cropping land timed Post harvest as provisions) period or avoided Green Circle Inc. 140 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures to avoid disturbance soon as during harvest. of field crops (within possible but one month of before next Harvest wherever crop – once per possible). site 18 Mechanized Noise, vibration Construction Construction Complaints IA (Contractor Construction period Complied, Anti- construction and operator equipment to be well equipment received by through contract vibration pad are used safety, efficient maintained. – estimated noise local provisions) and most of the Operation emissions authorities – construction activities every 2 weeks are done during day time. Noise, Turning off plant not Construction Complaints IA (Contractor Construction period Complied, Anti- vibration, in use. equipment- received by through contract vibration pad are used. equipment estimated noise local provisions) wear and tear emissions and authorities – operating schedules every 2 weeks 19 Construction Increase in Existing roads and Access roads, routes Use of IA (Contractor Construction period Existing Road used to of roads for airborne dust tracks used for (length and width established through contract access the line route; accessibility particles construction and of new access roads roads provisions) water sprinkling is maintenance access to be constructed) wherever done during to the line wherever possible – additional possible. every 2 weeks construction activity. Increased land New access ways Access width Access IA (Contractor Construction period Most of the requirement for restricted to a single (meters) restricted to through contract construction activity temporary carriageway width single carriage provisions) are done during day accessibility within the RoW. –way width time and water within RoW – sprinkling is done every 2 weeks during additional construction activity 20 Construction Safety of local Coordination with Periodic and regular No. of incidents- IA (Contractor Construction period Construction safety activities villagers local communities for reporting once every through contract procedures are construction /supervision of week provisions) followed with proper schedules, Barricading safety arrangement barricading with night the construction area vision and spreading Green Circle Inc. 141 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures awareness among locals Local traffic Coordination with Traffic flow Frequency IA (Contractor Construction period There is be any heavy obstruction local (Interruption of (time span)- on through contract traffic flow anticipated authority/requisite traffic) daily basis provisions) due to the construction permission for activities. The smooth flow of traffic construction is planned only in day time 21 Temporary Overflows, Measure in place to Temporary fill Absence of fill IA (Contractor Construction period The subprojects are blockage of reduced avoid dumping of fill placement (m3) in sensitive through contract planned in such a way utilities discharge materials in sensitive drainage areas provisions) there are no blockages drainage area – every 4 weeks of any utilities. 22 Site clearance Vegetation Marking of vegetation Vegetation marking Clearance IA (Contractor Construction period Included in contract to be removed prior to and clearance strictly limited through contract provisions and being clearance, and strict control (area in m2) to target provisions) monitored regularly. An control on clearing vegetation – area of 400 m2 is being activities to ensure every 2 weeks cleared tower minimal clearance. foundation at each location depending on the type of tower. In rest of ROW trees that are coming in the electrical clearance zone are cleared. 23 Trimming Fire hazards Trees allowed Species-specific tree Presence of IA (Contractor Construction period Tree height and its /Cutting of growing up to a height retention as target species in through contract canopy are monitored trees within within the RoW by approved by RoW following provisions) during constructions RoW maintaining adequate statutory authorities vegetation activities and there clearance between the (average and max. clearance – after felling coupled top of tree and the tree height at once per site with other safety conductor as per the maturity, in meters) measures applied regulations. restrict any such incident. Loss of Trees that can survive Species-specific tree Presence of IA (Contractor Construction period Route selection and vegetation and pruning to comply retention as target species in through contract alignment is done with Green Circle Inc. 142 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures deforestation should be pruned approved by RoW following provisions) respect to no or instead of cleared. statutory authorities vegetation minimal cuts of trees. clearance - once per site Felled trees and other Disposal of cleared Use or intended IA (Contractor Construction period The felled trees are cleared or pruned vegetation as use of through contract disposed out to local vegetation to be approved by the vegetation as provisions) authorities. disposed of as statutory authorities approved by the authorized by the (area cleared in m2) statutory statutory bodies. authorities – once per site 24 Wood/ Loss of Construction workers Illegal wood Complaints by IA (Contractor Construction period The proposed final vegetation vegetation prohibited from /vegetation local people or through contract alignment of 132 kV harvesting And harvesting wood in harvesting (area in other evidence provisions) D/C West Phaileng deforestation the project area m2, number of of illegal Marpara TL after during their incidents reported) harvesting – detailed route employment, (apart every 2 weeks analysis, and from locally employed meticulous study is staff continuing now traversing current legal through Buffer zone activities) of Dumpa Tiger Reserve. No construction camp is being allowed in the area. Only locals are hired as labours by EPC Contractor. 25 Surplus Runoff to cause Soil excavated from Soil disposal Acceptable soil IA (Contractor Construction period Excavated earth is earthwork/soil water pollution, tower locations and volume disposal sites – through contract used for refilling. The solid waste footings/substation (m3) every 2 weeks provisions) top/ fertile soil is disposal foundation disposed kept separately for of by placement along resurfacing and other roadsides, or at earth is used for nearby house blocks if refilling. Green Circle Inc. 143 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures requested by landowners 26 Substation Loss of soil Loss of soil is not a Borrow area sitting Acceptable soil IA (Contractor Construction period All necessary measured construction major issue as (area of site in m2 borrow areas through contract undertaken during excavated soil is to be and estimated that provide a provisions) construction. mostly reused for volume in m3) benefit - every 2 filling. However, in weeks case of requirement of excess soil the same is to be met from existing quarry or through deep excavation of existing pond or other nearby barren land with agreement of local communities Water Construction activities Seasonal start and Timing of major IA (Contractor Construction period No such water pollution pollution involving significant finish of major disturbance through contract activities are carried ground disturbance earthworks (pH, activities – provisions) out. Proper sewerage (i.e. substation land BOD /COD, prior to start of system and drainage forming) not Suspended solids, construction system is designed and undertaken during the others) activities implemented at all S/S monsoon season locations. 27 Site clearance Vegetation Tree clearances for Ground Amount of IA Construction period Total 3450 trees are cut easement disturbance during ground (Contractor in nonforest area. The establishment to vegetation disturbance – through guidelines for tree only involve clearance (area, every contract cutting in Nonforest cutting trees off at m2) 2 weeks provisions) Area of Supreme court, ground level 2004 in Mizoram are or pruning as being followed. appropriate, with Statutory Statutory IA Construction period tree stumps and approvals approvals (Contractor roots left in for tree through place and ground Green Circle Inc. 144 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures cover left clearances – contract undisturbed once for each provisions) site 28 Substation Waste disposal Excess fill from Location and amount Appropriate fill IA (Contractor Construction period These provisions are foundation/ substation/tower (m3) of fill disposal disposal through contract strictly complied and tower erection foundation excavation locations – provisions) recorded during disposal of disposed of next to every 2 weeks construction. surplus roads or around earthwork/fill houses, in agreement with the local community or landowner. 29 Storage of Contamination Fuel and other Location of Fuel storage in IA (Contractor Construction period Complied and condition chemicals and of receptors hazardous materials hazardous material appropriate through contract is taken care during materials (land, water, air) securely stored above storage; spill reports locations and provisions) storage. Hazardous high flood level. (type of material receptacles – materials are managed spilled, amount (kg every 2 weeks by following Hazardous or m3) and action waste management taken to control and rules 2016. clean up spill) Also transformers are erected with oil pits for proper management and collection of oil. 30 Construction Noise nuisance Construction activities Timing of Daytime IA (Contractor Construction period It is ensured by site In- schedules to neighboring only undertaken construction (noise construction through contract charge that properties during the day and emissions, [dB(A)] only – every 2 provisions) construction activities local communities weeks takes place during day informed of the time and villagers are construction schedule. informed in advance and affected villagers are even served notice in advance and Anti- vibration pad are used. 31 Provision of Contamination Construction Amenities for Presence of IA Construction Construction workers facilities for of receptors workforce facilities Workforce proper (Contractor period are provided all the Green Circle Inc. 145 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures construction (land, water, to include proper facilities sanitation, through necessary basic workers air) sanitation, water supply contract facilities as well as water supply and and waste provisions) safety equipment. waste disposal disposal facilities. facilities once each new facility 32 Influx of Conflict with Using local workers Avoidance/reducti Observation & IA Construction Local workers were migratory local population for on of conflict supervision– (Contractor period employed for the workers to share local appropriate asks through on through construction work, so resources enhancement/ weekly basis contract that no any conflict augmentation of provisions) arose at the resource construction locations. requirements 33 Lines through Loss of Use existing access Usage of existing Complaints IA (Contractor Construction period Crop compensation is farmland agricultural roads wherever utilities received by through contract paid as per CPTD productivity possible local people provisions) Ensure existing Status of existing /authorities - No irrigation facilities irrigation facilities are facilities every 4 weeks are affected or blocked. maintained in working condition Protect /preserve Status of facilities All measures to topsoil and reinstate (earthwork in m3) resurface the excavated after construction area by top soil is completed adopted as described above. Repair /reinstate Status of facilities Damaged bunds were damaged bunds etc. (earthwork in m3) repaired to normal after construction stage Loss of Income Land owners/ farmers Process of Crop/tree Compensation as per compensated for any compensation in CPTD are paid. temporary loss of consultation with productive land as per forest dept. (for existing regulation timber yielding tree) Green Circle Inc. 146 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures and Horticulture dept. (for fruit bearing tree) 34 Uncontrolled Soil loss, Need for access Design basis and Incorporating IA (Contractor Construction period All necessary measured erosion/silt downstream tracks minimized, use construction good design and through contract undertaken during runoff siltation of existing roads. procedures construction provisions) construction. Regeneration of (suspended solids in management Regeneration/ vegetation to stabilize receiving waters; practices cultivation is allowed in works areas on area re-vegetated in – once for each the complete RoW and completion (where m2; amount of bunds site even in the area below applicable) constructed [length tower after completion in meter, area in m2, of construction or volume in m3]) activities. Avoidance of It is ensured by the site excavation in wet In-charge that no season excavation is carried out during monsoon /rainy season. Water courses The selected route does protected from not come in the natural siltation through use drainage. of bunds and sediment ponds 35 Nuisance to Losses to Contract clauses Contract clauses Incorporating IA (Contractor Construction period Complied nearby neighboring specifying careful Design basis and good through contract properties land uses/ construction As much layout construction provisions) values as possible existing Reinstatement of Incorporating access ways is to be land status (area good design Productive land is to affected, m2) engineering be reinstated Consultation following completion with affected of construction parties – twice – immediately Social inequities Compensation is to be Implementation of Consultation IA Prior to construction Complied Green Circle Inc. 147 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures paid for loss of Tree/Crop with affected Tree Crop production, if any. Compensation parties – once compensation is paid as (amount paid) in a quarter per CPTD. 36 Flooding Flooding and Avoid natural Contract clauses (e.g. Incorporating IA (Contractor Construction period The S/S and tower area hazards due to loss of soils, drainage pattern/ suspended solids good through contract at constructed at construction contamination of facilities being and BOD/COD in construction provisions) suitable elevation above impediments of receptors (land, disturbed/blocked/ receiving water) management HFL of the area. Hence natural water) diverted by on-going practices-once no impact on drainage drainage construction activities for each site pattern due to flood 37 Equipment Contamination Equipment stored at Store room level to Store room IA Construction period The S/S and tower area submerged of receptors secure place above the be above HFL level as per at constructed at under flood (land, water) high flood level(HFL) (elevatio flood design- suitable elevation above n once HFL of the area. Hence difference in meters) no impact on drainage pattern due to flood 38 Inadequate Loss of land Existing borrow sites Contract clauses Incorporating IA (Contractor Construction period Complied, no such sites siting of values is to be used to source good through contract are selected for borrow areas aggregates, therefore, construction provisions) substation and tower (quarry areas) no need to develop management location in low lying new sources of practices – once area. aggregates for each site 39 Health and Injury and Safety equipment’s Contract clauses Contract IA (Contractor Construction period Complied, by providing safety sickness of (PPEs) for (number of incidents clauses through contract displays, PPEs and workers and construction workers and total lost-work compliance – provisions) training of the members of the days caused by once every contractors and public injuries and quarter contract workers. Contract provisions sickness) Complied. No incident specifying minimum of accident/injury requirements reported Construction camps All health and safety Contractor to prepare plan are in place and and implement of monitored regularly health and safety plan. Contractor to arrange Regular briefing / Green Circle Inc. 148 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures for health and safety training for contract training sessions workers is organized by contractor/POWERGRID 40 Regular Likely to Training of Training schedules No. of programs IA Routinely Periodic Environment construction maximize environmental attended by throughout monitoring and stage damages monitoring personnel each person – construction period Training program are Environmental once a year organized for such monitoring persons. Implementation of Respective contract Submission of Complied. Regular effective checklists and duly completed monitoring by site and environmental remedial actions checklists of all Corporate is organized. monitoring and taken thereof. contracts for reporting system each site – once using checklist of all contractual environmental requirements Appropriate contact Compliance report Submission of All provisions are clauses to ensure related to duly completed compiled and satisfactory environmental compliance monitored regularly by implementation of aspects for the report for each Site contractual contract contract – once environmental mitigation measures. Operation & Maintenance 41 Location of line Exposure to Setback of dwellings Compliance with Setback PEDM During operations Will be complied at towers/poles safety related to overhead line route setback distances distances to Operation Stage and overhead/ risks designed in (“as-built” diagrams) nearest houses underground accordance with – once in line alignment permitted level of quarter & design power frequency and the regulation of supervision at sites. 42 Line through Injury/ Avoidance of Regular monitoring No. of incidents- PEDM Part of detailed site Green Circle Inc. 149 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures identified bird mortality to established/ for any incident of once every selection and flyways, birds, bats etc identified migration injury/mortality month alignment survey migratory path due to collision path (Birds & Bats). /design and and Provision of flight Operation electrocution diverter/ reflectors, elevated perches, insulating jumper loops, obstructive perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc., if applicable 43 Equipment Contamination Equipment installed Substation design Base height as PEDM During operations Submerged of receptors above the high flood to account for HFL per flood under flood (Land, water) level (HFL) by raisin design – once the foundation pads. 44 Oil spillage Contamination Substation Substation bunding Bunding (Oil PEDM During operations Of land/ nearby transformers located (Oil sump) (“as- sump) capacity water bodies within secure and built” diagrams) and impervious sump permeability - areas with a storage once capacity of at least 100% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated reserve tanks. 45 SF6 (Sulfur Emission of Reduction of SF6 Leakage and gas Continuous PEDM During Operations hexafluoride) most potent emission through density/level monitoring management GHG causing awareness, climate replacement of old change seals, proper handling & storage by controlled inventory and use, enhance recovery and applying Green Circle Inc. 150 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures new technologies to reduce leakage 46 Inadequate Injury and Careful design using Usage of appropriate Preparedness PEDM Design and operation provision of sickness of staff appropriate technologies (lost level for using staff/workers /workers technologies to work days due to these health and minimize hazards illness and injuries) technologies in safety during crisis – once operations each year Safety awareness Training/awareness Number of rising for staff. programs and mock programs and drills percent of staff / workers covered – once each year Preparation of fire Provision of facilities Complaints emergency action plan received from and training given to staff /workers staff on implementing every 2 weeks emergency action plan 47 Electric Shock Injury/ Careful design using Usage of appropriate Preparedness PEDM Design and Hazards mortality to staff appropriate technologies (no. of level for using Operation and public technologies to injury incidents, lost this technology minimize hazards work days) in crisis- once a month Security fences Maintenance of Report on around substations fences maintenance – every 2 weeks Barriers to prevent Maintenance of climbing on/ barriers dismantling of towers Appropriate warning Maintenance of signs on facilities warning signs Electricity safety Training /awareness Number of awareness raising in programs and mock programs and Green Circle Inc. 151 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures project areas drills for all percent of total concerned parties persons covered – once each year 48 Operations and Unnecessary Adequate training in Training/awareness Number of PEDM Operation maintenance environmental O&M to all relevant programs and mock programs and staff skills less losses of staff of substations & drills for all relevant percent of staff than acceptable various types T&D line maintenance staff covered – once crews. each year Preparation and training in the use of O&M manuals and standard operating practices 49 Inadequate Diminished Staff to receive training Training/awareness Number of PEDM Operation periodic ecological in environmental programs and mock programs and Environmental & social values. monitoring of Project drills for all relevant percent of staff monitoring. operations & staff covered – once maintenance activities. each year 50 Equipment Release of Processes, equipment Process, equipment Phase out PEDM Operations specifications chemicals and and systems using and system design schedule to be and design gases in chlorofluorocarbons prepared in parameters receptors (air, (CFCs), including case still in use water, land) halon, should be – once in a phased out and to be quarter disposed of in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Govt. 51 Transmission/ Exposure to T&D line design to Required ground Ground PEDM Operations distribution electromagnetic comply with the limits clearance (meters) clearance - once line interference of electromagnetic maintenance interference from overhead power lines Green Circle Inc. 152 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Clause Project Potential Proposed Parameter to be Measurement & Institutional Implementation Compliance Report No. Activity Impact Mitigation Monitored Frequency Responsibility Schedule /Stage Measures 52 Uncontrolled Fire hazard due Periodic pruning of Requisite clearance Assessment in PEDM Operations growth of to growth of tree vegetation to maintain (meters) consultation vegetation / shrub requisite electrical with forest / Bamboo along clearance. authorities - RoW No use of herbicides/ once a year (pre pesticides /post- monsoon 53 Noise related Nuisance to Substations sited and Noise levels {dB(A)} Noise levels at PEDM Operations neighboring designed to ensure boundary properties noise is to not be a nearest to nuisance. properties and consultation with affected parties if any - once Green Circle Inc. 153 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram In addition to various mitigation measures as listed in EMP above, a calendar month of permitted/restricted activities as suggested in Biodiversity Assessment Report shall be applied to restrict the negative impacts of construction within the designated zone and to minimize disturbance to wildlife and natural cycle of regeneration. 5.9 Conclusions It is clear from the above discussion that the area is rich in natural forest resources. But careful route selection following the principle of avoidance, ecologically sensitive areas like NP / WLS could not be avoided completely. A major portion of the TL passes through Forest Plantation (Segun), open forest, Bamboo Forest, Orange Plantation and grazing land. The TL route involve notified reserve forest land of DTR Buffer zone. 104.77 Ha of RF is being diverted for the project purpose and hence require the forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 along with NBWL approval. Stage I Forest Clearance is obtained from MoEFCC Shillong on 15th January 2021. Also, WLS Clearance Proposal recommended by Standing Committee of NBWL in the meeting held on 03.07.20. Besides other than DTR, all other PAs like NP, WLS, Biosphere Reserve etc.; Natural habitats, IBAs, Sacred groves, Wetlands and designated wildlife/elephant etc. have been completely avoided. The land use along the RoW (27 m for 132 kV) of TLs comprises Forest Plantation (Segun), open forest, Bamboo Forest, Orange Plantation and grazing land, private plantation and government land. The total length of the project TL is 50.265 km and total number of 174 towers are being/to be erected along the proposed TL. There is no change in length of the TL as compared with the earlier length of TL in IEAR. The Wildlife Mitigation Plan is prepared by IA on recommendations by SBWL and NBWL and Forest Department and is submitted along with the application to SBWL and NBWL Committee. Also, Biodiversity Study is carried out by Assam State Biodiversity Board for the DTR project impacted area. Forest Department and NBWL has approved the EMP prepared. Implementation of the EMP measures and recommendations of NOCs obtained, has resulted into abatement of potential impacts due to construction activity on the environmental and social environment as envisaged in IEAR. The infrastructural constraints are very real and pose a limiting factor on the development of the area. The above facts while on the one hand underline the need for implementation of the subject scheme for overall development of the area and on another hand suggests that a detailed EIA may not be necessary as per the provisions of existing regulations. T&D line routes and S/S location have been selected judiciously by considering the technical, environmental, socio-economic aspects. Though some changes in line length & route alignment have been observed in T&D lines as compared to IEAR scope but as a result careful route selection IA could able to minimize ecologically & socially sensitive areas including forest, protected areas, PCR etc. completely in all the lines and S/S being implemented under this project. Green Circle Inc. 154 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram The present T&D schemes not only improve overall power supply situation but also improve reliability, quality, security and enhancement of power supply in the Mizoram state. From the above discussion, it would seem that the area is rich in physical resources. But careful route selection has minimized involvement of forest area to the extent possible but could not be completely avoided due to terrain and other physiographical reasons. Thus, routes selected for detailed survey are the most optimum alignment and involved minimum forest. The provisions of IEAR & EMP are being implemented at ground level and strict compliance by construction contractors is ensured through regular monitoring by IA. So far, no major impacts apart from earlier identified impacts are anticipated due to such changes in scope. Besides, all other applicable laws/rules/regulations of the country & funding agencies are being complied with and till date no violation/ penalty with respect to contravention of any regulations has been reported. During assessment, it has also been observed that so far, the project has achieved zero fatality with no major noncompliance of EMP/Contract provisions as stipulated in IEAR, which is an indicative of the strict vigil of the IA. It has also emerged from the survey & PRA exercise that the PAPs were appreciative of the project and hoped that the power scenario would improve after commissioning of the project. Local people also benefited through project related employment that was being generated. Following observations are drawn from the observations through site visits. • During the construction phase, the implementing agency needs to ensure strict compliance of the contract provisions/EMP by Contractor especially in respect of workers health and safety. • Regular environmental monitoring is needs to be carried out • Strict surveillance during construction of TL in buffer zone is needed. The report should be submitted to IA regularly i.e., quarterly progress report • EMP plan along with construction timing should followed strictly by EPC • Along with labours, supervisors, engineers and Staff of Implementing Agency (IA) should also need to follow the health and safety precautions. • Need of regular induction and training program for labours and engineers at all sites. • Training for PMU staff regarding monitoring and implantation of EMP as proposed in IEAR. It is suggested to deploy more environmental professionals for effective environmental monitoring and reporting system. • Good coordination between IA officers and contractors regarding implementation of Health and Safety Plan. • Health checkup of labours and other working staff are regularly executed. However, the Records of labour registration should be well maintained and strictly monitored. • Training and awareness regarding cleanliness and solid waste disposal to maintain the hygiene in the labour camps and construction sites. • The basic needs at workers camp should be provided on site. Transit camps should be well equipped. • Demarcation and protection for sites where work has been on hold due to various reasons to avoid accidents and runoff of excavated soil from construction sites • Project staff of the implementing agency should be well versed with the contents of the IEAR so as to ensure proper compliance by the contractors. • Overall, the commissioning of the project tend to augment the power distribution and availability in the region which will further catalyze economic activity and development of the area/region. Green Circle Inc. 155 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 6. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT & MONITORING For smooth implementation of this project, following administrative and functional set up have been institutionalized for project implementation, review and monitoring. 6.1 Administrative Arrangement for Project Implementation MoP, GoI has appointed POWERGRID as Design cum Implementation Supervision Consultant (i.e., Project Management Consultant-PMC) and now redesignated as Implementing Agency (IA). However, the ownership of the assets with respective State government or State Utilities, which upon progressive commissioning is to be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of assets. The arrangement for monitoring and reviewing of project from the perspective of environment and social management are form part of overall arrangements for project management and implementation environment. Following implementation arrangement has been proposed at different levels for smooth implementation of this project; Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU) - A body responsible for coordinating the preparation and implementation of the project and is housed within the IA’s offices at Guwahati. The “Project-In-Charge” of IA & Head of each of the SPCU is a member of CPIU. State Project Coordination Unit (SPCU) – A body formed by the Utility and responsible for coordinating with IA in preparing and implementing the project at the State level. It consists of experts across different areas from the Utility and is headed by an officer of the rank not below Chief Engineer, from the Utility. Project Implementation Unit (PIU) – A body formed by the IA, including members of Utility on deputation, and responsible for implementing the Project across the State, with its personnel being distributed over work site & working in close association with the SPCU/ CPIU. PIU report to State level “Project Manager” nominated by the Project-in- Charge of IA. The IA is Core team stationed at the CPIU on permanent basis and other IA officers (with required skills) visits as and when required by this core team. This team is represented IA and to be responsible for all coordination with SPCU, PIU, within IA and MoP, GoI. CPIU is also assist MoP, GoI in monitoring project progress and in its coordination with The Bank. 6.2 Review of Project Implementation Progress To enable timely implementation of the project/subprojects, following committee has been setup to review the progress; Joint Co-ordination Committee (JCC): IA and SPCU nominate their representatives in a body called JCC to review the project. IA was specified quarterly milestones or targets, which is to be reviewed by JCC through a formal monthly review meeting. This meeting forum is called as Joint Co-ordination Committee Meeting (JCCM). The IA is convene & keep a record of every meeting. MoP, GoI and The Bank may join as and when needed. Minutes of the meeting to be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. High Power Committee (HPC): The Utility in consultation with its State Government has arranged to constitute a High-Power Committee (HPC) consisting of high-level officials from the Utility, State/ District Administration, Law enforcement agencies, Forest Department etc. so that various permission/ approvals/ consents/ clearances etc. are processed expeditiously so Green Circle Inc. 156 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram as to reach the benefits of the Project to the end consumers. HPC is meet on bimonthly basis or earlier, as per requirement. This forum to be called as High-Power Committee Meeting (HPCM) and the SPCU keeps a record of every meeting. Minutes of the meeting is to be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. Contractor’s Review Meeting (CRM): Periodic Review Meeting is held by officials of PIU with Contractors at field offices, State Head Quarters (PIU location) and if required with core team of IA at Guwahati. These is to be called “Contractor’s Review Meeting” (CRM). PIU keep s a record of all CRMs, which is shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. A review is being regularly held among MoP, GoI, The Bank, State Government., Utility and IA, at four (4) months interval or earlier if needed, primarily to maintain oversight at the top level and also to debottleneck issues that require intervention at GoI/ State Government level. Minutes of the meeting are being prepared by IA and shared with all concerned. 6.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Monitoring is a continuous process for PEDM projects at all the stages, be it the site selection, construction or maintenance. As Implementing Agency (IA) POWERGRID endeavors to implement the project in close coordination with the respective state power utilities and departments. POWERGRID has been implementing the project based on the Implementation/Participation agreements that were signed separately between POWERGRID and the Power utilities. The success of PEDM lies in its strong monitoring systems. Apart from the Field In- Charge reviewing the progress on daily basis regular project review meetings are held at least on monthly basis at corporate level wherein apart from construction issues the environmental aspects of the projects are discussed and remedial measures taken wherever required. The exceptions of these meetings are submitted to the Directors and Chairman and Managing Director of the Corporation. The progress of various on- going projects is also informed to the Board of Directors. PEDM has formed a separate cell at the Circle office level namely Environment and Social Management Cell (ESMC) headed by AGM (Transmission) for proper implementation and monitoring of environmental & social management measures. PEDM organization support structure is depicted in Figure 6.1. Key responsibilities of the ESMC are follows: ➢ Coordinating environmental and social commitments and initiatives with various multilateral agencies, GoT and MoEF&CC. ➢ Coordination of all environmental activities related to a project from conceptualization to operation and maintenance stage. ➢ Advising and coordinating /Site office to carry out environmental and social surveys and route alignment for new projects. ➢ Advising site offices to follow-up with the state forest offices and other state departments for expediting forest clearances and other E & S issues of various projects. ➢ Providing a focal point for interaction with the MoEF&CC for expediting forest clearances ➢ Training of Circle and Site officials on E & S issues arising out of T&D projects and their management plan. ➢ Training of other departments to familiarize them with the ESPP document. Green Circle Inc. 157 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Additionally, Field In-Charge reviews the progress on daily basis and periodic review by higher management including review by Heads of SPCU and CPIU undertaken wherein apart from construction issues the environmental aspects of the projects are discussed and remedial measures taken wherever required. Besides, Periodic Contractor’s Review Meeting (CRM) are being held by officials of PIU with Contractors at field offices, State Head Quarters (PIU location) and with CPIU at Guwahati for better coordination and resolution any pending issues. The World Bank mission team also visits various sites every six months to review the progress status including ground level implementation of safeguard measures. Any observation/agreed action plan suggested by the Bank in the Aide Memoire is religiously complied in time bound manner. Additionally, review meeting among MOP, GoI, The Bank, State Governments., Utility and IA being held periodically to maintain oversight at the top level and also to debottleneck issues that require intervention at GoI/ State Government level. The Capacity building and Institutional Strengthening program of the IA is held intermittently to enhance the skills of the project officials. Besides, separate E & S training are also organized for Official of State Utility under Capacity Building & Institutional Strengthening (CBIS) program. Further, State utility meetings between IA and POWERGRID are held on a monthly/ bi-monthly basis to assess the work progress and difficulties encountered in respect of land acquisition, RoW and compensation if any. The IA has a continuous monitoring mechanism of the project w.r.t. compliance of the mitigation measures as stipulated in the IEAR. Thus, the adherence to the clauses by the contractors are regularly monitored especially in respect of various implementation E & S measures including health and safety aspects. Due to such strong institutional support structure coupled with monitoring mechanism in place, no major non-compliance was observed/reported during the implementation of projects till date. The project has so far had zero fatality which is indicative of the strict vigil of the IA. During the present study, our team also observed mitigation measures as suggested in IEAR are mostly complied with even though some gaps were found with respect proper to documentation. It has been observed during field visit and interactions with local people, contractors and contract workers that POWERGRID has adequately taken all precautions and importance to environmental & social aspects. The stakeholders are satisfied with the various measures taken by PEDM its proven fact from the interactions that no complaints are received from the project area. Design realignment, consultation i.e., PAP, Environment & safety awareness training and regular interactions with all the stakeholders has led to sustainability of the project. As regards monitoring of impacts on ecological resources particularly in Forest, Sanctuary or National Park, it is generally done by the concerned Divisional Forest Officer, Chief Wildlife Warden and their staff as a part of their normal duties. A detailed Environment Management Plan (EMP) including monitoring plan for all possible environmental and social impact and its proper management has been drawn (Table- 5.3) and is being implemented during various stage of project execution. Since many provisions of EMP are to be implemented by contractor hence for proper monitoring EMP has included in the contract document. A budget estimate towards tree/crop/tower base compensation and EMP implementation is prepared and is placed at Annexure-13. A summary of the same is presented below Table No.6.1: Green Circle Inc. 158 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Table 6-1: Summary Budget Estimate Sr. No. Budgetary Head Amount (Rs. Lakhs) 1 Forest diversion compensation 4758 2 Tree & Crop damage Compensation 251.325 3 Land Compensation for Tower Footing 27.15 4 Implementation Monitoring & Audit 20.0 Total 5056.475 The routes of TL and DL are finalized only after detailed/ check survey on ground. Since the detailed/ check survey is part of main package requirement of such measures, its extent and estimated cost is incorporated in the revised cost estimate proposal which is normally prepared for all projects as there is a considerable time gap between planning and actual implementation. However, as per the preliminary assessment such additional measures may not be required in the instant scheme as no such impact are envisaged due to routing of lines far away from such sensitive areas. Periodic review by higher management including review by Heads of SPCU and CPIU for all environmental and social issues will be undertaken to ensure that EMP and other measures are implemented at site for compliance of agreed policy and management plan. 6.4 Grievance Redressal Mechanism: Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) is an integral and important mechanism for addressing/resolving the concern and grievances in a transparent and swift manner. In accordance with the provision in ESPPF, Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) has been constituted at the project/scheme level and at Corporate/HQ. This GRC is aimed to provide a trusted way to voice and resolve environment & social concerns of the project, and to address the concerns of the affected person/community in a time bound manner without impacting project implementation. The Corporate/HQ level GRC has been constituted and notified which is headed by Director (PMU). Similarly, project level GRCs have been constituted for each transmission and S/S covered under this project. Notifications of Corporate & Project level GRC are shown as below; Apart from above, grievance redresses in built in crop/tree compensation process where affected persons are given a chance to place their grievances after issuance of notice by revenue officials on the basis of assessment of actual damages. Grievances received towards compensation are generally addressed in open forum and in the presence of many witnesses. Process of spot verification and random checking by the district collector/ its authorized representative also provides forum for raising the grievance towards any irregularity/complain. Moreover, PEDM & POWERGRID officials also address to the complaints of affected farmers and the same are forwarded to revenue official for doing the needful, if required. Site level Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) has already been constituted. The nominated officials from PEDM and POWERGRID for GRC and details are annexed in Annexure 21. Nominees from local administration, panchayat/ADC & affected persons are also mandatory for GRC. Letter has already been issued twice to AGM (Transmission), 79 Tilla, PEDM for his early action in this regard (copy of letters enclosed in Annexure 21). Green Circle Inc. 159 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Figure 6-1: Implementation Arrangement for E&S Management by PEDM Green Circle Inc. 160 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram It has been observed that concerns of public are addressed regularly through public consultation process which started from project planning to construction and will be continued in operation and maintenance also. As per record available, no written complaint or court case is registered till study period against any of the sub projects in instant case. However, we have been informed that only some minor complaints of verbal nature were received by site officials which were also resolved instantly and amicably by site Officials after discussion & deliberation with affected person in consultation of revenue/district officials. 6.5 Good practices of project: • All the precautions were taken for health and safety of workers: At all the places the contractor has taken all the necessary precautions for prevention of diseases at the project sites. Workers were provided with all the safety equipment, special measures taken for prevention of Covid-19. • All the stakeholders were considered for consultation during the project cycle: All the stakeholders were consulted by POWERGRID and their queries were resolved during formal/informal meetings. Therefore, no any major issue observed during project construction. Because of strong PAP consultation, no any written complaint/court case has been received so far. • Eco sensitive zones: Eco sensitive zones are tried to avoid in TL and DL. However, 33 km of TL is passing through Buffer zone of DTR. River / water ecosystem was not harmed because of no pile foundation near water body. Due care is taken to avoid pollution of ground water resources because of pile foundation work. • Avoidance of habituated areas: Habituated areas were avoided as far as possible to lay towers of 132 kV line. The residential houses are far from the RoW of 132 kV towers, therefore, there is no chance of damage to the human being because of 132 kV line. • Interference with utilities: Wherever utilities were crossed, necessary permissions/NoC was taken from the concern authorities to lay electric wires from their premises. During construction, the concern officials were taking care of avoiding damage to the utility instruments & premises Green Circle Inc. 161 FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 7. REFERENCES 1. Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR) For T & D Network In Mizoram, Prepared By Environment And Social Management Power Grid Corporation Of India Ltd 2. Guidelines for diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 F. No.7-2s/ 29I2-FC Government of India Ministry of Environment and Forests 3. Guidelines for clearance from NBWL, as per Wild Life conservation act 1972 4. Guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regard to Right of Way for TLs, No.3/7/2015-Trans Government of India Ministry of Power 5. Supreme court guidelines for tree cutting in Non-Forest area, 2004 for Mizoram 6. A guide for the investigation, development, and design of power TLs, by Holland H. Farr, 1980 7. Electric Energy Systems Theory: An Introduction; Olle I. Elgerd, McGraw‐Hill, 1971. 8. TL Reference Book – 345 kV and above, Second Edition, Revised; Electric Power Research Institute, 1987. 9. TL Reference Book – HVDC to ±600kV; Electric Power Research Institute. 10. EP Transmission; John Zaborszky and Joseph W. Rittenhouse, Rensselaer Bookstore, 1970. 11. Elements of Power System Analysis, Second Edition; William D. Stevenson, McGraw‐Hill, 1962. 12. Power System Planning; Robert L. Sullivan, McGraw‐Hill, 1977. 13. Electric TLs, Hugh H. Skilling, McGraw‐Hill, 1951. 14. MOEF & CC Guide Line No. F.NO. 11-9/98-FC (pt) dt 05/02/2013 :- linear projects like TL are exempted from obtaining consent of Gram Sabha 15. Anonymous 1996. State of Forest Report 1995. Forest Survey of India, Dehradun. 16. Anonymous. 2000. State of Forest Report 2019. Forest Survey of India, Dehradun. 17. Anonymous. 2002a. Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level in North-East India using Satellite Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun. 18. Population Data: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India Green Circle Inc. 162 Annexure FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 1 Power Map of Mizoram State Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 2 Schematic Map of Projects Covered in FEAR II Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 3 Alternative Analysis for 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) West Phaileng (DAMPA TIGER RESRVE) to Marpara Transmission line Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram From the above comparative analysis, it has been observed that although Alternative- I is having highest involvement of Dampa Tiger Reserve Buffer Zone compared to Alt-II and Alt-III, the line route of Alt-I is only found feasible from construction point of view. Moreover, the route length is shorter and for most part the route is aligned parallel to existing corridor of West Phaileng-Marpara road thus having minimum ecological disturbance to buffer area and also involve less tree felling as it passes mostly through Jhum cultivated areas with low density tree cover area. Furthermore, Alt.- I is easily accessible due to its proximity to existing West Phaileng-Marpara road. Although alternative routes have been rigorously explored and walkover survey carried out to access the feasibility, but Alt-II and Alt-III are found practically not feasible from construction point of view due to geographical terrain. Hence, based on overall analysis of various components, Alternative - I is considered as the most optimized route and recommended for detailed survey Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) West Phaileng (DAMPA TIGER RESRVE) to Marpara Transmission line WRT DTR Buffer Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 4 Different NOCs Obtained Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram A.Forest Clearance Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram B.FRA Settlement Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram C. Gram Sabha Resolution Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ix FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram D. SBWL Approval Green Circle Inc. x FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. xi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. xii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram E. Defense NOC Green Circle Inc. xiii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. xiv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram F. Huan Pass Green Circle Inc. xv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. xvi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram G. Village Council NOC for Approach Road construction at W. Phaileng S/S Green Circle Inc. xvii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram H. Aviation NOC Green Circle Inc. xviii LENG/NORTH_EAST/P/021821/529367 Er. Ngursailova Sailo, Sr. Executive मािलक का नाम एवं पता Engineer, Power & Electricity िदनांक/DATE: 01-03-2021 Department, Govt. of Mizoram Kawlphetha Building, New Secretariat OWNERS Name & Complex, Khatla, Aizawl, Mizoram- वैधता/ Valid Up to: 28-02-2029 Address 796001 Khatla Aizawl Mizoram 796001 ऊँ चाई की अनुमित हे तु अनापि माण प (एनओसी) No Objection Certificate for Height Clearance 1) यह अनापि माण प भारतीय िवमानप तन ािधकरण (भािव ा) ारा द त दािय वों क े अनु म तथा सुरि त एवं िनयिमत िवमान चालन हे तु भारत सरकार (नागर िवमानन मं ालय) की अिधसूचना जी. एस. आर. 751 (ई) िदनां क 30 िसत र, 2015, जी. एस. आर. 770 (ई) िदनां क 17 िदसंबर 2020 ारा संशोिधत, क े ावधानों के अंतगत िदया जाता है । 1. This NOC is issued by Airports Authority of India (AAI) in pursuance of responsibility conferred by and as per the provisions of Govt. of India (Ministry of Civil Aviation) order GSR751 (E) dated 30th Sep.2015 amended by GSR770(E) dated 17th Dec 2020 for safe and Regular Aircraft Operations. 2). इस कायालय को िन िल खत िववरण क े अनुसार ािवत संरचना के िनमाण पर कोई आपि नहीं है I 2. This office has no objection to the construction of the proposed structure as per the following details: LENG/NORTH_EAST/P/021821/529367 अनापि माणप आईडी / NOC ID LENG/NORTH_EAST/P/021821/529367 आवेदक का नाम / Applicant Name* Er. Ngursailova Sailo, Sr. Executive Engineer, Pow मां क/S खंबे (पोल) अ ां श/Latitude दे शां तर/Longitude थल की आव क शीष अनुम य िट िणयां /Remarks No. ऊँ चाई मीटर ऊ ँ चाई (RTE) अिधकतम ऊ ँ चाई की पहचान (औसतन समु मीटर म) एएमएसएल मीटर सं ा/Pole तल से ऊपर) औसतन समु म (औसतन समु ID म, (जैसा तल से ऊपर / तल से ऊपर) / आवेदक ारा Req. Top Permissible Top उपल ध कराया Elevation(RTE) Elevation in mtrs गया) / Site in mtrs AMSL Above Mean Sea Elevation in Level(AMSL) mtrs AMSL as submitted by Applicant * 1 WPGantry 23 40 29.29N 92 28 50.08E 773 788 788 CLEARED 2 01_0 23 40 25.69N 92 28 51.3E 773.5 811.59 811.59 CLEARED 3 02_0 23 40 23.88N 92 28 52.4E 763.54 798.45 798.45 CLEARED 4 03_0 23 40 14.26N 92 28 58.92E 803.09 835.57 835.57 CLEARED 5 04_0 23 40 12.1N 92 29 1.43E 808.94 844.03 844.03 CLEARED 6 05_0 23 40 7.79N 92 29 2.24E 870.09 908.18 908.18 CLEARED 7 06_0 23 40 4.5N 92 29 5.59E 842.19 874.1 874.1 CLEARED 8 07_0 23 39 59.82N 92 29 9.78E 800.39 832.48 832.48 CLEARED 9 08_0 23 39 50.45N 92 29 7.9E 730.61 760.09 760.09 CLEARED 10 09_0 23 39 34.54N 92 28 59.91E 798.09 830.57 830.57 CLEARED 11 10_0 23 39 27.29N 92 28 56.52E 706.88 736.36 736.36 CLEARED 12 11_0 23 39 9.56N 92 28 49.51E 719.26 748.74 748.74 CLEARED 13 12_0 23 39 7.29N 92 28 48.3E 753.42 785.51 785.51 CLEARED 14 13_0 23 39 3.06N 92 28 50.72E 747.97 786.06 786.06 CLEARED 15 14_0 23 38 52.05N 92 28 48.59E 721.27 753.75 753.75 CLEARED 16 15_0 23 38 47.37N 92 28 46.23E 723.35 755.26 755.26 CLEARED 17 16_0 23 38 39.51N 92 28 39.22E 781.49 813.4 813.4 CLEARED 18 17_0 23 38 32N 92 28 28.74E 684.5 722.59 722.59 CLEARED 19 18_0 23 38 22.98N 92 28 25.93E 678.83 708.31 708.31 CLEARED 20 20_0 23 38 8.14N 92 28 15.18E 649.15 681.63 681.63 CLEARED * जैसा आवेदक ारा उपल ध कराया गया / As provided by applicant* 3) यह अनापि माण प िन निल खत िनयम व शत क े अधीन है : - 3. This NOC is subject to the terms and conditions as given below: क) आवेदक ारा उपल ध कराए गए थल की ऊ ॅं चाई तथा िनदशां क को, तािवत संरचना हे तु अनुम य अिधकतम ऊँ चाई जारी करने के िलए योग िकया गया है | भारतीय िवमान प न ािधकरण, आवेदक ारा उपल कराये गए थल की ऊ ं ॅ चाई तथा िनदशां क की यथाथता का ना तो उ रदािय वहन करता है , और ना ही इनको माणीक ृ त करता LENG/NORTH_EAST/P/021821/529367 है | यिद िकसी भी तर पर यह पता चलता है िक वा तिवक िववरण, आवेदक ारा उपल ध कराए गए िववरण से िभ न है , तो यह अनापि माण प अमा माना जाएगा तथा क़ानूनी कायवाही की जाएगी | स ंिधत िवमान े क े भारी अिधकारी ारा एयर ाफट िनयम 1994 (भवन, वृ ों आिद क े कारण अवरोध का िव ंस ) क े अधीन कायवाही की जायगी । a. Permissible Top elevation has been issued on the basis of Site coordinates and Site Elevation submitted by Applicant. AAI neither owns the responsibility nor authenticates the correctness of the site coordinates & site elevation provided by the applicant. If at any stage it is established that the actual data is different, this NOC will stand null and void and action will be taken as per law. The officer in-charge of the concerned aerodrome may initiate action under the Aircraft (Demolition of Obstruction caused by Buildings and Trees etc.) Rules, 1994”, ख) संरचना की ऊ ॅं चाई (सुपर र सिहत) की गणना अनुम य अिधकतम ऊ ँ चाई (ए एम एस एल) से थल की ऊ ँ चाई को घटाकर की जायेगी | अथात, संरचना की अिधकतम ऊ ँ चाई = अनुम य अिधकतम ऊ ँ चाई (-) थल की ऊ ँ चाई | b. The Structure height (including any superstructure) shall be calculated by subtracting the Site elevation in AMSL from the Permissible Top Elevation in AMSL i.e. Maximum Structure Height = Permissible Top Elevation minus (-) Site Elevation. ग) अनापि माण प जारी करना, भारतीय एयर ा ए ट 1934 , क े सै शन 9-A तथा इसक े अंतगत समय-समय पर जारी अिधसूचनाएं तथा एयर ाफट िनयम (1994 भवन, वृ ों आिद क े कारण अवरोध का िव ंस) क े अधीन है । c. The issue of the 'NOC' is further subject to the provisions of Section 9-A of the Indian Aircraft Act, 1934 and any notifications issued there under from time to time including, “The Aircraft (Demolition of Obstruction caused by Buildings and Trees etc.) Rules, 1994”. घ) कोई भी रे िडयो/ टीवी ए टीना, लाइटिनंग अरै टर, सीि़ढया, मुमटी, पानी की टं की तथा िकसी भी कार क े उप कर पैरा 2 म उ ले खत अनुम य अिधकतम ऊ ँ चाई से ऊपर नहीं जानी चािहए । d) No radio/TV Antenna, lightening arresters, staircase and attachments of fixtures of any kind shall project above the respective Permissible Top Elevations as indicated in para 2. च) यह माणप इसक े जारी होने की तारीख से 8 साल की अविध क े िलए वैध है । एक बार रवेलीडे शन की अनुमित दी जा सकती है , बशत िक इस तरह का अनुरोध एनओसी की समा की तारीख से छह महीने क े भीतर िकया जाए और ारं िभक माणप 8 साल की वैधता अविध क े भीतर ा िकया जाए । e. The certificate is valid for a period of 8 years from the date of its issue. One-time revalidation shall be allowed, provided that such request shall be made within six months from the date of expiry of the NOC and commencement certificate is obtained within initial validity period of 8 years. छ) भवन क े िनमाण के दौरान या उसक े बाद िकसी भी समय थल पर ऐसी कोई भी लाइट या लाइटो का संयोजन नहीं लगाया जाएगा िजसकी ती ता, आक ृ ित या रं ग के कारण वैमािनक ाउ ड लाइटों क े साथ म उ प न हो । िवमान क े सुरि त चालन को भािवत करने वाली कोई भी गितिविध मा नहीं होगी | f. No light or a combination of lights which by reason of its intensity, configuration or colour may cause confusion with the aeronautical ground lights of the Airport shall be installed at the site at any time, during or after the construction of the building. No activity shall be allowed which may affect the safe operations of flights. ज) डे मािकग तथा सहायक िवद् युत आपूित सिहत नाइट लाइिटं ग (डीजीसीए भारत की वेबसाइट www.dgca.nic.in पर उपल ध) नागर िवमानन आव यकताएं ंखला ‘बी’ पाट । सै शन-4 क े चै टर 6 तथा अनुल नक 6 म िविनिद ट LENG/NORTH_EAST/P/021821/529367 िदशािनदशों क े अनुसार उपल ध कराई जाएं गी । g. Day markings & night lighting with secondary power supply shall be provided as per the guidelines specified in chapter 6 and appendix 6 of Civil Aviation Requirement Series ‘B’ Part I Section 4, available on DGCA India website: www.dgca.nic.in झ) भवन क े न शे के अनुमोदन सिहत अ य सभी वैधािनक अनापि , संबंिधत ािधकरणों से लेना आवेदक की िज मेदारी होगी, योंिक इस ऊ ँ चाई हे तु अनापि माणप लेने का उ े य सुरि त एवं िनयिमत िवमान चालन सुिनि त करना है तथा इसे भूिम क े वािम व आिद सिहत िकसी अ य उ े य/ दावे क े िलए द तावेज के प म योग नहीं िकया जा सकता । h. The applicant is responsible to obtain all other statutory clearances from the concerned authorities including the approval of building plans. This NOC for height clearances is only to ensure safe and regular aircraft operations and shall not be used as document for any other purpose/claim whatsoever, including ownership of land etc. ट) इस अनापि माणप आईडी का मू ां कन Aizawl,Lengpui िवमान े ो क े संबंध म िकया गया है । यह अनापि माणप भारतीय िवमान प न ािधकरण क े िवमान े ो और अ लाइसस ा िसिवल िवमान े ो, जो जी. एस. आर. 751 (ई) जी. एस. आर. 770 (ई) ारा संशोिधत क े अनुसूची - III, अनुसूची - IV (भाग- I), अनुसूची- IV (भाग -2; क े वल RCS हवाई अ े ) और अनुसूची- VII म सूचीब ह, क े िलए जारी िकया गया है । i. This NOC ID has been assessed with respect to the Aizawl,Lengpui Airports. NOC has been issued w.r.t. the AAI Aerodromes and other licensed Civil Aerodromes as listed in Schedule – III, Schedule – IV(Part-I), Schedule- IV (Part-2; RCS Airports Only) and Schedule-VII of GSR 751(E) amended by GSR770(E) ठ)यिद थल र ा िवभाग क े िवमान े क े अिधकार े म आता है , जैसा िक जीएसआर 751 (ई) जी. एस. आर. 770 (ई) ारा संशोिधत की अनुसूची-V म सूचीब है , तो आवेदक को र ा िवभाग से अलग से अनापि माणप लेना होता है । जीएसआर 751 (ई) जी. एस. आर. 770 (ई) ारा संशोिधत क े िनयम 13 क े अनुसार, आवेदकों को उन थलों क े िलये, जो जीएसआर 751 (ई) जी. एस. आर. 770 (ई) ारा संशोिधत क े अनुसूची- IV (भाग -2; आरसीएस हवाई अ ों क े अलावा) क े प म सूचीब िबना लाइसस वाले िवमान े क े अिधकार े म आता ह, तो संबंिधत रा सरकार से भी अनापि माणप लेने की आव कता है । j. Applicant needs to seek separate NOC from Defence, if the site lies within the jurisdiction of Defence Aerodromes as listed in Schedule-V of GSR751(E) amended by GSR770(E). As per Rule 13 of GSR751(E) amended by GSR770(E), applicants also need to seek NOC from the concerned State Govt. for sites which lies in the jurisdiction of unlicensed aerodromes as listed in Schedule-IV (Part-2:other than RCS airports) of GSR751(E) amended by GSR770(E). ड)अनापि माण प (एनओसी) की िकसी भी ुिट/ ा ा की थित म अंगरे जी अनुवाद ही मा होगा | k. In case of any discrepancy/interpretation of NOC letter, English version shall be valid. ढ) थल की ऊ ँ चाई और/या संरचना की ऊ ँ चाई क े िकसी भी िववाद म अनुम य अिधकतम ऊ ँ चाई एएमएसएल म ही मा होगी | l. In case of any dispute with respect to site elevation and/or AGL height, Permissible Top Elevation in AMSL shall prevail. े का नाम / Region Name: उ र-पूव/North_East “WILDLIFE MITIGATION PLAN” FOR 132 KV WEST PHAILENG-MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE PASSING THROUGH BUFFER ZONE OF DAMPA TIGER RESERVE (UNDER NORTH EASTERN REGION POWER SYSYTEM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN THE STATE OF MIZORAM) PKG :- MIZ-SS-02 OWNER :- POWER AND ELECTRICITY DEPARTMENT MIZORAM IMPLEMENTING AGENCY :- Power Grid Corporation of India Limited 1|Page CONTENTS Description Pages Nos Chapter-I :- Introduction 1.0 Project Background 1.1 Justification & benefit of the project 1.2 Details of the proposed transmission sub-project 1.3 Requirement of Wildlife clearance Chapter-II :- Description of the protected area & likely impact of project 2.0 DAMPA Tiger Reserve & buffer zone 2.1 Major Habitat, Flora & fauna 2.2 Major activities involved in the T/L project 2.3 Likely impact of the project on buffer zone Chapter-III :- Proposed wildlife mitigation measures 3.0 Safeguard of wildlife passage at some places 3.1 Safeguard against bird electrocution/collision 3.2 Safeguard of accidental fallings of animals in excavated pits for tower foundation 3.3 132 kV Tower anti-climbing devices 3.4 General mitigation measures Chapter-IV :- Conclusion Chapter-V :- Annexures 2|Page SECTION –I: INTRODUCTION 1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND:- The North Eastern Region (NER) in India is endowed with rich energy resources but faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability levels. The per capita power consumption in NER is one-third of the national average. No significant generation capacity has been added between 2004 and 2011 as a result of which inadequate power supply remains a critical constraint to sustainable growth and speeding up of private investment and economic competitiveness in the NER. The road-map for development of power sector specifying the need for strengthening of overall Transmission, Sub-transmission and Distribution system of NER and Sikkim was brought out in the Pasighat Proclamation on Power released during the first Sectoral Summit of North Eastern Council at Pasighat in Arunachal Pradesh in January 2017. Pursuant to recommendations of Pasighat summit, a Sub-Group was constituted under the Chairmanship of Member (Power System), Central Electricity Authority (CEA) on Transmission, Sub-transmission and Distribution related issues in North Eastern Region. Accordingly, a comprehensive scheme for strengthening of transmission, sub-transmission and distribution system was evolved by CEA in consultation with POWERGRID and States of North Eastern Region and Sikkim. Under the subject project, implementation of the scheme in 6 states of NER viz. Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland was envisaged through funding from World Bank / Govt. of India in three tranches. Accordingly, priority transmission, sub-transmission and distribution schemes to be taken up under tranche-1 of the World Bank fund has been finalized by CEA in consultation with the state and POWERGRID. 3|Page 1.1 JUSTIFICATION & BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT:- In order to visualize the infrastructure requirements of the state, it would be appropriate to know about the geo-climatic peculiarity of the state of Mizoram. Being thinnest in its population density of 13 persons per square KM, the area is covered with dense forest and hilly terrain. About 89 % of area of Mizoram is mountainous being criss-crossed by rivers & river systems making the logistic of the state so difficult that providing infrastructure of this state is the single most challenge to the state. The villages, towns and human concentration of the area are scattered over 84000 square KM making the distance between the villages and the towns longest in the country. The yardstick followed elsewhere in the country, therefore, does not fit into the state of Mizoram, because of these peculiarities. After conceiving the idea of strengthening the Transmission and Sub-Transmission systems in the region, new developments have taken place Under RGGVY scheme, extensive and intensive electrification has been carried out electrifying virgin villages extending the distribution systems to every nook and corner of the state. Moreover, some sub-transmissions projects also were taken up by the state in the last 5-6 years. Therefore, implementation of this project will create a reliable state power grid and improve its connectivity to the upcoming load centers, and thus extend the benefits of the grid connected power to all the consumers. The project would also provide the required grid connectivity to such villages and towns of the States, where development of distribution system at the downstream level has been taking place under Govt. of India sponsored RGGVY/APDRP/R-APDRP schemes. This project is a major step towards meeting the national objective of affordable 24 X 7 "Power to All" through enhancement in access of consumers to grid connected power supply through improving its availability and reliability, thereby facilitating inclusive growth. This shall also increase the per capita power consumption of these States, which is lagging behind the average national consumption and shall contribute to the economic development of the North-Eastern Region. The project will give impetus to the inclusive growth by enhancing the consumers’ access to reliable and affordable grid and also this project further supplies power to the Indo- Bangladesh border fencing project and other security related works which are involved in building up national security and it has national importance. The project will also facilitate in development of small scale/cottage industries/tourism in the region and boost economic growth by enabling supply of quality power. Further, this project will give impetus to integration of upcoming Hydro Power Generating Plants in Mizoram with the National Grid and will facilitate lying of optical fiber on existing lines to help extending communication facility to the existing substations, small towns/villages and also improves the power system performance. 4|Page 1.2 DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED TRANSMISSION SUB-PROJECT:- The proposed 132kV S/C (on D/C tower) West Phaileng to Marpara Transmission line is a sub-project conceived under the banner of “NERPSIP for Strengthening of Transmission & Distribution System in Mizoram ” located in Mamit district of the State. A route map showing the proposed transmission Line in SOI Topo sheet is enclosed as Annexure-I The proposed transmission line will connect two (2) Sub-stations namely 132/33 kV West Phaileng and 132/33 kV Marpara. Power supply is going to be utilized for Indo-Bangladesh border fencing and other security utilities in around Marpara which are important for the national security and shall not be compromised. Therefore upon construction of the proposed line, major power flow will be from 132 kV West Phaileng S/s to Marpara S/s as the West Phaileng is connected with hydroelectric power stations through some other lines and therefore the proposed transmission sub-project will cater the power demand in Marpara and West Phaileng area in near future. 1.3 REQUIREMENT OF WILDLIFE CLEARANCE:- In order to minimize impact on forest and wildlife, the route of the 132 kV West Phaileng – Marpara T/L is proposed along the road from West Phaileng to Phuldungsei and last at the Tower location at AP 129/0. This will enable transportation of construction equipment/tower materials through the road and also facilitate the operation and maintenance of the line in future. The proposed route is the shortest and the most feasible route from all aspects which has been selected among all the alternatives routes explored during detail survey. However, a portion of the route has to pass through Buffer zone of DAMPA Tiger Reserve(i.e. part of DTR ) since both the connecting 132 kV Sub-stations are located on either side of the buffer zone. The avoidance of the buffer zone is entirely not possible due to the physical & complex terrain of the area. Since, development projects in Tiger reserve area attract provisions of Wildlife Conservation Act, 1972 and require prior wildlife clearance, therefore, it is mooted to apply for wildlife clearance for the proposed 132 kV West Phaileng - Marpara transmission Line as per the provision of the Act. The technical details of the proposed route &status of forest/wildlife clearances are states as below: Name of project for which WL Construction of 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) West Phaileng clearance is required (DAMPA TIGER RESRVE) to Marpara Transmission line under NERPSIP,MIZORAM. Total Line Length 50.292 Km Details of wildlife area involved Buffer Zone of DAMPA Tiger Reserve (i.e. part of DTR ) Total no of towers to be erected 129 Nos in WL area 5|Page Total wildlife area involved 104.77 Ha Present Status of WL proposal Presently the proposal is under examination with Director (DAMPA) Present Status of Forest proposal Submitted online on 03.04.2019. Presently under process at Nodal Office. Likely impact of the project on The overall impact of the project on protected area (PA) i.e. protected area (PA) buffer zone of DAMPA Tiger Reserve is assessed as minimum which can be addressed through proper mitigation measures as recommended. SECTION–II: DETAILS OF PROTECTED AREA 2.0 DAMPA TIGER RESERVE AND BUFFER ZONE DAMPA Tiger Reserve is located in the western part of Mizoram, in Mamit District. It is surrounded by Chittorgarh hill tracts of Bangladesh to the west, Tripura State, Mamit and Kawrthah forest divisions to the north, and Mamit Forest division to the south and east. The area lies in the Lushai hills, a series of parallel mountain ranges allied to Arahhan yoma arec. Dampa Tiger Reserve lies between 92⁰16”08” E to 92⁰27”41” E and 23⁰18”27” N to 23⁰43”50” N. The Tropic of cancer passes through Dampa Tiger Reserve near the range office at Phuldungsei. The riverine area towards the east and west of DAMPA, along the Khawthland Tuipui (also known as Sazalui or the Tui-Iianpui river towards west and the Teirei river towards east) was detected as Reserved Forest in 1952. Beginning in the early 1960s, small harmlets began to be established in DAMPA for intensive cultivation in the lower reaches, which had a detrimental effect on the biodiversity of the area. DAMPA was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1974 and re-notified in 1985 with a view to conserve the fast deteriorating natural wealth. DAMPA was declared as a Tiger Reserve vide Government of Mizoram Gazette notification No. B-11011/14/90-FST, on 7th December 1994, after its approval from the Government of India. The total area of Dampa Tiger Reserve is 988 km2 out of which 500 km2 area is core zone or critical tiger habitat and 488 km2 area is buffer zone is shown in figure which is attached. Major fauna that are found in the reserve include Tiger, Leopard, Clouded Leopard, Wild Dog, Sambar, Barking Dear, Gaur, Sloth Bear, Hoolock Gibbon, Bunturon, Procupine, Slow Loris, Jungle Cat, Pangolin, Black Bear, Giant Squirrel, Common Langur, Rhesus Macaque, Wild pig and Otter. There are no records of direct sighting of tigers in the Dampa Tiger Reserve. However, there are collateral evidences such as pugmarks and scats that indicate presence of Tiger in the area. Furthermore, there is a prey-base available for the Tiger in the reserve that supports possibilities of surviving tiger population. The main flora consists of vegetation such as Dipterocarpus turbinatus, D.macrocarpus, Artrocarpus chalpasa, Adina cordinofolia. Duabanga sonneratiodes, Chukrasia tabularis, Amoora wallichii, syzygium cumini and Toona ciliate. Bamboo Bombax ceiba and cane is also found. 6|Page Based on Champion and Seth Classification, the vegetation of Dampa Tiger Reserve can be categorized into the following forest types: 1. Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen Forests 2. Tropical Moist Deciduous forests 3. Sub- Montane Type The details of DAMPA Tiger Reserve is as below: Date of notification as DAMPA TIGER RESERVE : 7th December 1994 Date of notification of buffer zone : 16th March 2011. Area of the tiger reserve Core/critical tiger habitat : 500 Sq. Km Buffer/Peripheral area : 488 Sq. Km. Total : 988 Sq. Km Location Latitudes : 230 18’ 27’’ N to 230 43’ 50’’ N Longitudes : 920 16’ 08’’ E to 920 27’ 41’’ E A map showing the area of DAMPA Tiger Reserve is placed below. Map showing the proposed 132 kV West Phaileng – Marpara Transmission line passing through the buffer zone of DAMPA Tiger Reserve is also enclosed as Annexure-II. 2.1 MAJOR HABITAT, FLORA AND FAUNA:- Flora: The main vegetation type of the entire tract is Assam Valley tropical semi-evergreen forest. At places, evergreen and semi-evergreen vegetation types merge. The forests are multi-storied and rich in epiphytic flora and woody lianas. The vegetation is dense, with a high diversity and density of woody lianas and climbers. The forest has a typical layered structure and the major emergent species are Tetramelesnudiflora, Ailanthus grandis and Altingiaexcelsa. The forest types include tropical semi-evergreen forests along the lower plains and foothills dominated by Polyalthiasimiarum, Pterospermumacerifolium, Sterculiaalata, Stereospermumchelonioides, Ailanthus grandis and Duabangagrandiflor. The tropical semi- evergreen forests are scattered along the lower plains and foothills, dominated by Altingiaexcelsa, Mesuaferrea, Dysoxylumbinectariferum, Beilschmiedia sp. and other middle story trees belonging to the Lauraceae and Myrtaceae.Sub-tropical broadleaved forests of the Fagaceae and Lauraceae dominate the hilltops and higher reaches. Hill slopes here are dominated by Mesuaferrea and Castanopsis spp. Moist areas near streams have a profuse growth of bamboo, cane and palms. About eight species of bamboo occur in the area. Seven commercially important cane species grow in moist areas, along with Livistonajenkinsiana. Along the larger perennial streams, there are shingle beds with patches of tall grassland, which give way to lowland moist forests with Dilleniaindica and Talaumahodgsonii. Along the larger rivers, isolated trees of Bombaxceiba and two species of Albizzia are common. 7|Page Fauna The faunal diversity is immense and around 59 mammal species have been recorded so far out of which 16 threatened species (6 endangered and 10 vulnerable). Tiger is the charismatic mammals, besides a large array of co-predators like Leopard, Clouded leopard, Wild dog, and many more small carnivores, ungulates like Gaur, Sambar, barking deer, wild boar and other species. 296 birds species have been documented, 31 species of amphibians and 30 species of fishes have been recorded. Three large cats - the Bengal tiger, Indian leopard and clouded leopardshare space with two canids – the wild dog and Asiatic jackal. Among the herbivore species, barking deer, gaur, and sambarare most commonly encountered. The commonest monkeys are the Rhesus macaque, Assamese macaque and the capped langur. In addition, DTR is home to as many as sixteen species of viverrids, weasels and mongooses. Commonly seen in pairs is the yellow- throated marten. Notable mammals in the Dampa Tiger Reserve are: tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, jungle cat, wild dog, jackal, Himalayan black bear, binturong, gaur, sambar, hog deer, barking deer, wild boar, yellow-throated marten, Malayan giant squirrel, flying squirrel, squirrel, capped langur, rhesus macaque, Assamese macaque, gaur. The presence of stamp tailed macaques has been reported by one researcher. DAMPA Wildlife Sanctuary (i.e. the core area of DAMPA Tiger reserve) is also recognized as one of the Important Bird areas (IBA) in India. At least 296 bird species have been recorded from DAMPA Tiger Reserve including the globally endangered white-winged wood duck, the unique Ibisbill, and the rare Oriental bay owl. DTR is a good place to see hornbills. Roost sites of wreathed hornbills and great hornbill can be observed on the river banks. Birds seen in DAMPA Tiger Reserve include: great hornbill, wreathed hornbill, oriental pied hornbill, scarlet-backed flowerpecker, Kalij pheasant, grey peacock-pheasant, speckled piculet and white-browed piculet, bay woodpecker, greater yellownape, greater flameback, great barbet, blue-throated barbet, red- headed trogon, Indian cuckoo, Asian barred owlet, green imperial pigeon, mountain imperial pigeon, emerald dove, crested serpent eagle, Malayan night heron, long-tailed broadbill, Asian fairy bluebird, blue-winged leafbird, golden-fronted leafbird, orange-bellied leafbird, scarlet minivet, maroon oriole, greater racket-tailed drongo, Indian paradise-flycatcher, pale-chinned blue flycatcher, blue-throated flycatcher, black-naped monarch, grey-headed canary flycatcher, white- rumped shama, slaty-backed forktail, spotted forktail, chestnut-bellied nuthatch, velvet-fronted nuthatch, black bulbul, black-crested bulbul, ashy bulbul, white-throated bulbul, slaty-bellied tesia and striated yuhina. Of the over 1500 butterfly species found in India, it is estimated that DAMPA Tiger Reserve could be home to at least 500 species. A total of 36 reptile species and 30 amphibian species have been reported in DAMPA Tiger Reserve. The Assam roofed turtle, a highly endangered species, is commonly sighted. The king cobra is sometimes seen on the fringes of villages and is not uncommon within the park. The pied warty frog, resembling bird droppings, is also found here. Tiger Status As per the status of tigers in India 2016 report there is no Tiger were found in DAMPA tiger reserve . 8|Page Core area In the core area, wildlife protection and management are given priority. The Forest Department provides livelihood alternatives and eco-development activities in the buffer in order to wean people away from depending on resources in the core. Buffer area The buffer area has been classified into two (2) zones: 1. Eco Development Zone which consists of human settlement areas, agriculture land, horticulture, fisheries and jhum land. The eco-development activities are implemented through participatory village level micro plans for reducing resource dependency of people living around the park. The local community ensures reciprocal commitment through respective eco-development committee. Rural development activities shall be integrated with wildlife conservation concerns. 2. The Forested zone consists of the 04(Four) Zones (Western Boundary, Northern Boundary, Eastern Boundary & Southern Boundary). This zone is protected with the participation of local people. Collection of timber and Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are regulated. Human-wildlife conflict is mitigated by ensuring timely payment of ex-gratia for loss of life, livestock and crop depredation. Corridor The boundary starts from the point where Sailui meets Sazalui. It thence follows Sazalui upstream till it meets Belkhailui in the Western part of DAMPA Tiger Reserve. The Northern Boundary starts from the point where Belkhailui meets Sazalui till it meets Tut river in Daplui downstream. The Eastern Boundary starts from the point where Daplui meets Tut river and follows thence marlui downstream till it meets Lunghrelui. The Southern Boundary starts from the point where Lunghrelui meets Marlui till it meets Sazalui/Tuilianpui. 2.2 MAJOR ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE TRANSMISSION PROJECT:- The major construction activity envisages in the proposed transmission project are as follows:-  Construction of Tower Foundation (An average of 7 M x 7 M tower base and activities involves excavation of soil and concreting)  Erection of transmission towers (involves joining of tower members/lattice structure)  Stringing of electrical conductor wires between adjacent towers. The above activities will be carried out by engaging suitable Contractor. For tower foundation works, local gangs/manpower are usually engaged as petty Contractor and temporary makeshift camps are set nearby the construction site till completion of work. For hill areas construction of new approach road generally not encouraged & the existing village tract or jungle tract are used for head loading of tower materials. Tower erection and stringing of conductor is generally carried out by specialized gangs and temporary construction camps are also required to be set up for this purpose. 9|Page TOWER FOUNDATION: Foundation of a transmission tower is the basic structure to support the tower in its position. It plays an important role in safety and satisfactory performance of the structure as it transmits mechanical loads of the electrical transmission system to earth. The foundations in various types of soils have to be designed to suit the soil conditions of particular type. In addition to foundations of normal towers, there are situations where considering techno-economical aspect for special towers required or river crossing which may be located either on the bank of the river or in the mind stream or both, pile foundation may be provided. The various activities involved in the foundation work are illustrated below:- TOWER ERECTION: There are four main methods of erection of steel transmission towers which are as below:  Build-up method or Piecemeal method  Section method  Ground assembly method.  Helicopter method. 10 | P a g e Build Up Method of Tower Erection  This method is most commonly used in India for the erection of 66kV, 220 kV and 400 kV transmission line towers.This method consists of erecting the towers, member by member. The tower members are kept ground serially according to erection sequence to avoid search or time loss.The erection progresses from the bottom upwards. The four main corner leg members of the first section of the tower are first erected and bolted with the stub. TOWER STRINGING:  Stringing of Transmission line a process of joining and fixing of the electrical conductor wires from tower to tower and various other assemblies for transmission of electricity.  Stringing overhead conductors in transmission is a very specialized type of construction requiring years of experience as well as equipment and tools that have been designed, tried and proven to do the work. Steps of stringing o Proper guying 11 | P a g e o Insulator Hoisting o Paying out of pilot wire & conductor o Rough sagging of conductor o Clipping & spacering o Finishing activities o Jumpering o Final checking 2.3 LIKELY IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON BUFFER ZONE OF DAMPA TIGER RESERVE:- The impact on the forest and wildlife associated with power transmission project with specific reference to the proposed 132 kV Transmission Line from West Phaileng to Marpara on the buffer zone of DAMPA Tiger reserve is summarized as below:  HABITAT LOSS AND FRAGMENTATION:- Powerlines or specially powerline corridors, are known to affect many different animal groups, predominantly birds. These impacts are largely associated with fragmentation & degradation of wildlife habitats along the powerline corridor i.e. Right of Way. In case of 132 kV West Phaileng to Marpara Transmission line the RoW is considered as 27 meter, 12 | P a g e wherein the standing trees are required to be either felled, looped/pruned as necessary for casting of tower foundation, tower erection & electrical conductor stringing. The large scale felling of trees along the line corridor might impact the nesting sites of birds as well as habitat and movement of other arboreal species like monkeys, primates etc. available in that areas.  ELECTROCUTION & ACCIDENTAL COLLISSION OF BIRDS. As per available/listed data risk of electrocution of birds are mostly related to distribution/transmission lines up to 110 kV due to dimensions and spacing between two conductors, electrocution of Bird/Raptor by EHV lines of 132 kV & above is quite rare. Moreover, collusion of birds are mostly reported during landing and takeoff in area close to water bodies, designated bird areas/ sanctuary having large congregation of birds or line intersecting identified bird fly or migratory paths hence bird diverter even if placed on EHV line can only be effective if it is installed in the fly path of birds. POWEGRID following its cardinal principle of avoidance take utmost care to avoid such areas while selecting the optimum line route of new transmission line.  INDUCED IMPACT ON WILDLIFE FROM CONSTRUCTION WORKERS. Construction manpower will be required for execution of the project and makeshift construction camps and will be set up at the tower foundation/erection sites as per site requirement. Generally for tower foundation works, local manpower/workers will be engaged. However, for specialized works like tower erection and stringing, migrant labourers are usually engaged. The induced impact on the wildlife of DAMPA Tiger Reserve from such construction workers is the likelihood of involvement in hunting/trafficking of wild animals and other unlawful activity during the execution of the project. 13 | P a g e SECTION–III: PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 3.0 SAFEGUARD OF WILDLIFE PASSAGE AT SOME PLACES BETWEEN AP 51 to AP 59 (Near to Saithah village):- As per the field inspection of Director (DAMPA) at the wildlife passages & wild life area , there are 03 (three) nos. wildlife passages within Dampa Tiger Reserve buffer zone are available and at the same passages there are 09 (Nine) nos.132KV Power line towers from AP-51 to AP-59 (near to Saithah village) are falling for which minimum ground clearance kept at tower as 13.3 mtrs but as per the advise of the director DAMPA, another 03 mtrs further clearance insisted and kept as 16.3 mtrs for safe passage of wild animals and other mammals in DAMPA WLS & Tiger Reserve. it is intimated that section of the transmission line following mitigation measures are proposed to be adopted by POWERGRID during execution of the project.  As per Indian Electricity rule, the minimum ground clearance for 132 kV Transmission line is 6.1 meter i.e. the lower most electrical conductor wire between two adjacent towers will be stringed in such a way that the minimum height from actual ground level is always more than 6.1 meter which is sufficient for safe passage of animals and others mammals In addition to the above, it is proposed to maintain additional clearance 3 meter over and above minimum clearance above ground from the lowest conductor of transmission line for the areas specified above . 3.1 SAFEGUARD OF BIRDS FROM ELECTROCUTION AND ACCIDENTAL COLLISSION:- Since DAMPA Wildlife Sanctuary (i.e. the core area of DAMPA Tiger Reserve) is recognized as one of the Important Bird areas (IBA) in India, a having a significant population of birds including the Arborophile atrogularis, Treron phayei and Buceros bicornis were found in the near threatened category. Therefore, the following mitigation measures are proposed for safeguard of birds:-  The Stringing of conductor for the transmission line shall be carried out maintaining a separation between energized conductors as follows: Vertical distance between two conductors : 4 m (appx.) The above arrangement, will nullify the likelihood of electrocution of large winged birds like hornbill, because the distance between energized conductors will be always more than the maximum wing span of the bird. A figure showing the above arrangement is shown in Annexure-II  To prevent accidental collision of birds with the conductor bird diverter/colored/contrast marker devices will be installed on the earth wire to make it visible to birds from long distance as shown in the photographs as below from AP 37 to AP 72 (In between Lallen to Phulbial) where the birds are flying and taking water from water bodies/small ponds which are are available in the above vicinity. 14 | P a g e  Bird Guard will be provided on towers as per requirement to prevent birds from sitting in the insulator strings which may result in puncture of insulator due to defecation by birds. 3.2 SAFEGUARD OF ACCIDENTAL FALLINGS OF ANIMALS IN EXCAVATED PITS FOR TOWER FOUNDATION:- The excavated pits shall be properly barricaded and fenced so as to prevent accidental falling of mammals in the vicinity of the construction sites 15 | P a g e 3.3 132 kV TOWER ANTI-CLIMBING DEVICES:- Many different designs of tower exist for 132 kV lines with standardisation becoming more focused in recent years. Anti- Climbing Devices (ACD’s) are being used at tower four corners gates with two opening and two non-opening fenced by using barbed wire and accessories. 16 | P a g e 17 | P a g e 3.4 GENERAL MITIGATION MEASURES FOR PROTECTION OF FOREST AND WILDLIFE :- In addition to the above specific measures for animals and birds, the following mitigation measures will be adopted by POWERGRID during execution of the project for protection of forest and wildlife of DAMPA tiger reserve.  Before start of work in the DAMPA Tiger reserve (Buffer zone) awareness campaign will be taken up by POWERGRID in association with Forest Dept. to create maximum awareness among the construction workers regarding safeguard of forest and wildlife.  No work shall be allowed at nights (i.e. between sunset & sunrise) in the forest area.  No permanent labour camps will be set up inside the forest area.  Tree felling will be minimized along the line corridor and only those trees which are unavoidable for tower foundation & erection will be felled under the supervision of Forest department. The guideline of MoEF dtd. 5th May, 2014 (copy enclosed) with regard to “construction of transmission line in forest area” will be strictly adhered to during execution of project.  The trees on the remaining part of the transmission line corridor will be mostly loped and pruned which are required for stringing of conductor. In case of towers falling in hill top locations where enough ground clearance is available, tree will not be felled. This will minimize the impact on nesting sites of birds as well as habitat of arboreal species.The tree felling pattern that will be adopted in forest area is shown in Figure -3  The specific and important tree species as identified by the Forest department will be marked separately and protected during the construction of the transmission line.  To minimize the disturbance to wildlife, no new approach road will be constructed in the forest area. The existing village tracts/paths will be utilized for carrying of tower materials and also manual excavation of tower foundation will be done.  Ecofriendly engineering practices in the construction works and due care be taken properly so as to avoid injury to wildlife.  All pollution related aspects and waste management will be duly taken care during the implementation of the project.  In addition to above, any other measures as envisaged by the State Board of Wildlife/national Board of Wildlife and as as per provisions of wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 will be strictly adhered to during execution of the project by POWERGRID. 18 | P a g e SECTION –IV: CONCLUSION The proposed 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) West Phaileng to Marpara Transmission line is a very important sub-project which is conceived by Govt. of India under the ambitious “NORTH EASTERN REGION POWER SYSYTEM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN THE STATE OF MIZORAM” located in Mamit district of the State. This project is a major step towards meeting power supply to Indo Bangladesh Boarder fencing and other security related establishments also the national objective of affordable 24x7 "Power to All" through enhancement in access of consumers to grid connected power supply through improving its availability and reliability, thereby facilitating inclusive growth of power sector of the State. The construction of the above transmission line requires wildlife clearance since, a section of the proposed transmission line has to pass through the Buffer zone of DAMPA Tiger Reserve since the avoidance of the buffer zone is entirely not possible due to location of the Sub-stations and due to physical & complex terrain of the area. The EIA and environmental clearance is not required for this project since power transmission lines are kept outside the purview of EIA 2006 as per MoEF notification and considered as green project due to its pollution free nature. Considering the importance of conservation of biodiversity and the rich wildlife habitat, flora and fauna of DAMPA Tiger reserve, it is found that there will be some temporary and permanent impact from the aforesaid transmission project on the buffer zone area. However, the User Agency and POWERGRID has made a holistic approach towards protection of the buffer zone through the principle of avoidance, minimization and mitigation in their project activity and committed for implementation of various mitigation measures for tigers, birds, monkeys etc. including general measures for overall protection of the forest and wildlife in the buffer zone of DAMPA Tiger Reserve. Therefore, it is summarized that the overall impact on biodiversity on DAMPA Tiger Reserve (buffer zone) due to the proposed transmission project is assessed as low which can be minimized through proper mitigation measures as per guidelines. 19 | P a g e FIGURE-3 : TREE FELLING ARRANGEMENT IN THE PROJECT AS PER GUIDELINE OF MOEF 20 | P a g e SECTION –V: ANNEXURES Annexure-I 21 | P a g e Annexure-II 22 | P a g e FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 6 Guidelines for Tree Felling in Nonforest Area of Mizoram Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ix FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. x FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. xi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. xii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 7 MoP Guidelines Dated 5th OCT.’15 for Payment of Compensation for Transmission Line Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 8 The letter was issued to PEDM regarding adoption of MoP, GoI Guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regards to RoW for Transmission lines vide ref. WB-6/2018-EC(PC)/SPUC/21 dated 07/02/2019. Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 9 PEDM intimated POWERGRID that Govt. of Mizoram has decided for continuing with the prevailing practice of payment of compensation towards damage in regards to RoW for Transmission lines. Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 10 POWERGRID modalities for payment of compensation for NERSIP Project in Mizoram State Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 11 Details of Landowners for Land Compensation 132kV D/c West Phaileng Marpara TL Land Compensation Estimates for Mizoram under NERSIP Land Rates in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 12 Sample Copy Tree/ Crop Compensation Notices 132kV West Phaileng Marpara TL along with Damage Assessment Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 13 Tree Compensation Process and Budget Estimate Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram TREE / CROP/ TOWER FOOTING COMPENSATION PROCESS (OTHER THAN FOREST LAND COMPENSATION) As per the statutory requirements (IS-5613, Part 3, 1989) all the trees and bushes, including saplings coming in the ROW limit i.e. clearance belt of transmission lines must be cut and removed. The procedure for clearing of trees and crops is as illustrated below. As per the provisions of Indian Telegraph Act1885 Part III Section 10 (b) which prohibits acquisition of any rights other than that of use only, land for tower and right of way is not acquired and agricultural activities are allowed to continue. However, as per clause 10 (d) of same act stipulates that the user agency shall pay full compensation to all interested for any damages sustained during the execution of said work. Accordingly, PEDM pays compensation to land owners towards damages if any to trees or crop during implementation of transmission project as well as during Operation and maintenance phase. The procedure followed for such compensation is as follows: PEDM follows the principle of avoidance, minimization and mitigation in the construction of line in agricultural field having crop due to inherent flexibility in phasing the construction activity and tries to defer construction in cropped area to facilitate crop harvesting. However, if it is unavoidable and is likely to affect project schedule, compensation is given at market rate for standing crops. All efforts are also taken to minimize the crop damage to the extent possible in such cases. As regards trees coming in the Right of Way (ROW) following procedure is adopted for enumeration: All the trees which are coming within the clearance belt of ROW on either side of the center line are identified and marked/numbered from one AP (Affected Person) to the other and documented. Type, Girth (Measured 1 m. above ground level), approximate height o the tree is also noted for each tree. Trees belonging to Govt., Forest, Highways and other local bodies may be separately noted down or timely follow up with the concerned authorities for inspection and removal. Cashew, Guava, Lemon and other hybrid trees which are not of tall growing nature are not marked for cutting since these trees can be crossed using standard tower extensions if required. PEDM also pay compensation to affected land owners for utilization of their land for tower footing. To arrive compensation rate mechanism of negotiated settlement is followed. The association of local authorities like Dy. Commissioner/Addl. Dy. Commissioner (Revenue) of concerned district and concerned Circle officers is also ensured during such negotiation. The circle value for the land price fixation as per the Department of Registration for different categories of land for the villages along the transmission line corridor will be obtained from the district registrars. This guidance value will be referred to by the negotiation committee. Once the negotiated rate is finalised & consent is received from land owners, the same is approved by Dy. Commissioner of concerned district for payment of compensation to land owners by PEDM. All efforts are made to release such payment before construction activities. A notice under Indian Telegraph Act/Electricity Act, 2003 is served to the landowners informing that the proposed transmission line is being routed through the property of the individual concerned. The notice shall contain the particulars of the land, ownership details and the details of the trees/crops inevitability likely to be damaged during the course of the construction of the proposed transmission line and acknowledgement received from land owner. A copy of said notice is further issued to the Revenue Officer, who has been authorized by the Mizoram Govt. for the purpose of assessment/valuation and disbursement of compensation to the affected parties. The revenue officer shall further issue a notice of intimation to the concerned landowner and inspect the site to verify the documents related to the proof of ownership and a detailed Mouja Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram list is prepared for the identified trees and crops inevitability damaged during the course of the construction. For assessing the true value of timber yielding trees help of forest officials is taken and for fruit bearing trees help of Horticulture department is taken. The Mouja list shall contain the land owner details type of tree/crop, its present age, variety, yielding pattern etc. and the same is prepared at site in the presence of the land owner. These Mouja lists are further compiled and a random verification is conducted by the concerned District Collector or his authorized representative in order to ascertain the assessment carried out by the revenue office is genuine and correct. After this process the District collector issues a tree cutting permit to PEDM to enable removal / damage to the standing tree/crop identified in the line corridor. Once the tree/crop is removed / damaged, PEDM shall issue a tree cutting/crop damaged notice to the land owner with a copy to the Revenue Officer to process the compensation payment. Based on the above the compensation payment is generated by means of a computerized programme developed by the National Informatics Center exclusively for this purpose. The detailed Valuation statement thus generated using this programme is verified at various levels and approval of payment of compensation is accorded by the concerned District Collectors. On approval of compensation, the revenue officer shall further intimate the amount payable to the different landowners and PEDM arranges the payment by way of Demand Draft to the affected parties. The payment is further disbursed at the local village office after due verification of the documents in presence of other witnesses. Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Budget Estimation BUDGET ESTIMATE TOWARDS FOREST AND CROP/TREE/ TOWER FOOTING COMPENSATION Total 132 kV T/L length – 50.265 km. Total 132 kV tower locations - 174 approx. A. Compensation 1. Forest & wildlife – 104.77 ha. approx - Forest and wildlife compensation including = 4758 lakhs @ 5 times NPV & 2% of project cost 2. Crop & Trees - Transmission Line length in Private /Revenue land – 12 km - Crop/tree compensation for 132 kV line- (50.265 x 5,00,000/-) = Rs. 251.325 lakhs 3. Land compensation for 132 kV tower footing- (174 towers x 15600) = Rs 27.15 lakhs Sub Total of A (1+2+3) = Rs 5036.475 lakhs B. Implementation Monitoring & Audit i) Man-power involved for EMP implementation & Monitoring in entire route of transmission & distribution line (Rs.20, 000/-x 50 Km) = Rs 10 lakhs ii) Independent Audit (LS) if needed = Rs. 10.00 lakhs Sub Total of B (i+ ii) = Rs. 20 lakhs Grand Total (A+B) = Rs. 5056.475 lakhs Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 14 GA Layout / Drawings of RRM Wall / Pretension Wall / Boundary Wall Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S – GA Drawing Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram West Phaileng 132/33 kV S/S – Electrical Drawing Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Marpara 132/33 kV S/S – GA Drawing Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Marpara 312/33 kV – Electrical Drawing Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ix FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Drawing of Retention Wall (Standard) Green Circle Inc. x FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Drawing of Boundary Wall (Standard) Green Circle Inc. xi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 15 Fire Fighting System Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ix FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. x FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. xi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 16 Bird Guard and Anti-Perch Device Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 17 Safety Plan Issued to M/s Sterling and Wilson Pvt Ltd Green Circle Inc. i ttl ^,Fx @ r' ,.ttjil 1s\$, $s r! S*' _b 'v ffiTqMrzoR.AM 06,4t,,l I SAFETY PLAN THIS SAFETY PLAN is made this 21" day of Februry,2O18 by Sterling & Wilson Pvt' Ltd., a company registered under Companies Act, 2013 having its Registered Office at 9th Floor, Universal Majestic P.L. Lokhande Marg, Chembur (West), Mumbai-400o43 (herein after called as 'Contractor' which expression shall include its successors and permitted assigns) for approval of Power Grid Gorporation of lndia Ltd. a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 having its Registered office at B-9 Qutab Institutional Area, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi - 110 016 for its Contract for CC-CS/87- N E R/SS-35s I I t I G4 / NO A-|| 7 4r2, CC-CS/87-N E R/SS-35s8 / t / G4 | NO A-tt | 7 4L3 Whereas PGCIL has awarded to the Contractor aforesaid Contract vide its Notification of Award/ contract No. cc-cs/87-NER/SS-3558lL/G4lNOA-tt/74L2, cc-cs/s7-NER/ss- gS58lL/c4lNOA-il/7413 dated I3ILO/2OL7 (hereinafter called the Contract) in terms of which the contractor is required to submit'safety Plan'along with certain documents to the Engineer In Charge/ Project Manager of the Employer within sixty (60) days of Notification of Award for its Approval. NOW THEREFORE, the Contractor undertakes to execute the Contract as per the safety plan as follows: 1. THAT the Contractor shall execute the works as per provisions of Bidding Documents including those in regard to Safety Precautions/ provisions as per statutory requirements. 2. THAT the Contractor shall execute the works irr a well-planned manner from the commencemenr of Contract as per agreed mile stotres of work completion schedule so that planning and execution of construction works; goes smoothly and consistently throughout the contract duration without handling pressure in last quader of the financial year/last months of the Contract and the shall be finalized in association with POWERGRID Engineer In-charge/Project Manager from time to time as required. 3. THAT the Contractor has prepared the safe work procedure for each activity i.e. foundation works including civil works, erection, stringing (as applicable), testing & commissioning, disposal of materials at site / store etc. to be executed at site, which is enclosed at Annexure - 1A (SP) for acceptance and approval of Engineer In- charge/Project Manager. The Contractor shall ensure that on approval of the same from Engineer In-charge/Project Manager , the approved copies will be circulated to Employe/s personnel at site [Supervisor(s)/Executive(s)] and Contractor's person nel at site [Gang leader, supervisor(s) etc.] in their local language / language understood by gang. THAT the Contractor has prepared minimum manpower deployment plan, activig wise as (t stated above, which is enclosed at Annexure - 1B (SP) for approval of Engineer In- charge/Project Manager. 4. THAT the Contractor shall ensure while executing works that they will deploy minimum 25o/o of their own experienced work force who are on the permanent roll of the company and balance 75% can be a suitable mixed with the hired gangs / local workers / casual workers if required. The above balance 75% work force should be provided with at least 10 days training by the construction agencies at sites and shall be issued with a certificate. No worker shall be engaged without a valid certificate. Hired gang workers shall also follow safe working procedures and safety norms as is being followed by company's workmen. lt should also be ensured by the contractor that certified fitters who are climbing towers / doing stringing operations can be easily identifiable with a system like issue of Badge / ldentification cards (lD cards) etc. Colour identification batches should be worn by the workers. Contractor has to ensure that inexperience workers / unskilled workers should not be deployed for skilled job. 5. THAT the Contractor's Gang leader / Supervisor i Senior most member available at every construction site shall brief to each worker daily before start of work about safety requirement and warn about imminent dangers and precautions to be taken against the imminent dangers (Daily Safety Drill). This is to be ensured without fail by Contractor and maintain record of each gang about daily safety instructions issued to workers and put up to POWERGRID site In-charge for his review and record. 6. THAT the Contractor shall ensure that working Gangs at site should not be left at the discretion of their Gang Leaders who are generally hired and having little knowledge about safety. Gang leader should be experienced and well versed with the safe working procedures applicable for transmission line/ Sub Station works. In case gang is having Gang leader not on permanent roll of the company then additional Supervisor from company's own roll having thorough knowledge about the works would be deployed so as to percolate safety instructions up to the grass root level in healthy spirits. Contractor has to ensure close supervision while executing critical locations of transmission lines / sub stations and ensures that all safety instructions are in place and are being followed. 7. THAT the Contractor shall maintain in healthy and working condition all kind of Equipment / Machineries / Lifting tools / Lifting tackles / Lifting gears / All kind of Ropes including wire 0 I\.^ Ar""P ropes / Polypropylene ropes etc. used for Lifting purpose during execution of the project and get them periodically examined and load tested for safe working load in accordance with relevant provisions and requirement of Building & other construction workers Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services Act and Central Rule 1998, Factories Act 1948, Indian Electricity Act 2003 before start of the project. A register of such examinations and tests shall be properly maintained by the contractor and will be promptly produced as and when desired by the Engineer In-charge/Project Manager or by the person authorised by him. The Contractor has to ensure to give special attention on the formation / condition of eye splices of wire rope slings as per requirement of lS 2762 Specification for wire rope slings and sling legs. THAT the Contractor has prepared a list of all Lifting machines, lifting Tools / Lifting Tackles / Lifting Gears etc. / All types of ropes and Slings which are subject to safe working load is enclosed at Annexure - 2 (SP) for review and approval of Engineer ln- ( charge/Project Manager. 8. THAT the Contractor has to procure sufficient quantity of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)conforming to Indian / International standards and provide these equipment to every workman at site as per need and to the satisfaction of Engineer-in-charge/Project Manager of POWERGRID. The Contractor's Site Supervisor/ Project Manager has to ensure that all workmen must use Personal Protective Equipment at site. The Contractor shall also ensure that Industrial Safety helmets are being used by all workmen at site irrespective of their working (at height or on ground). The Contractor shall further ensure use of safety shoes by all ground level workers and canvas shoes for all workers working at height, Rubber Gum Boots for workers working in rainy season and concreting job, Use of Twin Lanyard Full body Safety Harness with attachment of light weight such as aluminum alloy etc, and having features of automatic locking arrangement of snap hook, by all workers working at height for more than three meters and also for horizontal movement on tower shall be ensured by contractor. The Contractor shall not use ordinary half body safety harness at site. The Contractor has to ensure use of Retractable type fall arrestors by workers for ascending / descending on suspension insulator string and other similar works etc., Use of Mobile fall arrestor for ascending / descending from tower by all workers. The contractor has to provide cotton / leather hand gloves as per requirement, Electrical Resistance Hand gloves for operating electrical installations / switches, Face shield for protecting eyes while doing welding works and Dust masks to workers as per requirement, The Gontractor shall also provide Reflective Jackets to all workmen working on the site including differently colored such Jackets to the persons working at height. The Contractor will have to take action against the workers not using Personal Protective Equipment at site and those workers shall be asked to rest for that day and also their Salary be deducted for that day. POWERGRID may issue warning letter to Project Manager of contractor in violation of above norms. THAT the Contractor shall prepare a detailed list of PPEs, activity wise, to commensurate with manpower deployed, which is enclosed at Annexure - 3 (SP)for review and approval of Engineer In-charge/Project Manager. lt shall also be ensured that the sample of these equipment shall be got approved from POWERGRID supervisory staff before being distributed to workers. The contractor shall submit relevant test certificates as per lS / International Standard as applicable to PPEs used during execution of work. All the PPE's X-b w to be distributed to the workers shall be checked by POWERGRID supervisory staff before its usage. The Contractor also agrees for addition / modification to the list of PPE, if any, as advised by Engineer In-ChargeiProject Manager. 9. THAT the Contractor shall procure, if required sufficient quantity of Earthing Equiprnent / Earthing Devices complying with requirements of relevant IEC standards (Generally lECs standards for Earthing Equipment's / Earthing Devices are - 855, 1230,1235 etc.) and to the satisfaction of Engineer In-Charge/ Project Manager and contractor to ensures to maintained them in healthy condition. THAT the Contractor has prepared / worked out minimum number of healthy Earthing Equipment with Earthing lead confirming to relevant lS / European standards per gang wise during stringing activity/as per requirement, which is enclosed herewith at Annexure { - 4 (SP) for review and acceptance of Engineer In-Charge/ Project Manager prior to execution of work. 10. THAT the Contractor shall provide communication facilities i.e. Walky - Talkie / Mobile Phone, Display of Flags / whistles for easy communication among workers during Tower erection / stringing activity, as per requirement. 11 . THAT the Contractor undertakes to deploy qualified safety personnel responsible for safety as per requirements of Employer/Statutory Authorities. THAT the Contractor employing more than 250 workmen whether temporary, casual, probationer, regular or permanent or on contract, shall employ at least one full time officer exclusively as qualified safety officer having diploma in safety to supervise safety aspects of the equipment and workmen who will coordinate with Engineer In-charge /Project Manager/Safety Co-ordinator of the Employer. In case of work being carried out through sub-contractors the sub - contractor's workmen / employees will also be considered as the contractor's employees / workmen for the above purpose. lf the number of workers are less than 250 then one qualified safety officer is to be deployed for each contract. He will report directly to his head of organization and not the Project Manager of contractor He shall also not be assigned any other work except assigning the work of safety. The curriculum vitae of such person shall be got cleared from POWERGRID Project Manager / Construction staff. The Contractor shall deploy one dedicated Safety Staff(s) for every 200 kms of a Transmission Line Project. The name and address of such safety officers/staff(s) of contractor will be promptly informed in writing to Engineer In-charge with a copy to safety officer - In-charge before start of work or immediately after any change of the incumbent is made during the currency of the contract. The list is enclosed at Annexure - 5A (Sp). THAT the Contractor has also prepared a list including details of Explosive Operator (if required), Safety officer / Safety Staff/ Safety supervisor / nominated person for safety for each erection / stringing gang, list of personnel trained in First Aid Techniques as well as w copy of organization structure of the Contractor in regard to safety. The list is enclosed at Annexure - 58 (SP). 12. The Project Manager shall have the right at his sole discretion to stop the work, if in his opinion the work is being carried out in such a way that it may cause accidents and endanger the safety of the persons and/or property, and/or equipment. In such cases, the Contractor shall be informed in writing about the nature of hazards and possible injury/accident and he shall comply to remove shortcomings promptly. The Contractor after stopping the specific work can, if felt necessary, appeal against the order of stoppage of work to the Project Manager within 3 days of such stoppage of work and decision of the Project Manager in this respect shall be conclusive and binding on the Contractor. 1 3. THAT, if , any Employe/s Engineer/ supervisor at site observes that the Contractor is failing to provide safe working environment at site as per agreed Safety Plan / POWERGRID Safety at site and there is possibility of an accident to workmen or workmen of the other contractor or public or the work is being carried out in an un safe manner or he continues to work even after being instructed to stop the work by Engineer / Supervisor at site / RHQ / Corp. Centre, the Contractor shall be bound to pay a penalty of Rs. 10,000/ - per incident per day till the instructions are compiled and as certified by Engineer / Supervisor of Employer at site. The work will remain suspended and no activity will take place without compliance and obtaining clearance / certification of the Site Engineer / Supervisor of the Employer to start the work. 14. THAT, if the investigation committee of Employer observes any accident or the Engineer In- charge/Project Manager of the Employer based on the report of the Engineer/Supervisor of the Employer at site observes any failure on the Contractor's part to comply with safety requirement / safety rules/ safety standards/ safety instruction as prescribed by the Employer or as prescribed under the applicable law for the safety of the equipment, plant and personnel and the Contractor does not take adequate steps to prevent hazardous conditions which may cause injury to its own Contractor's employees or employee of any [r: other Contractors or Employer or any other person at site or adjacent thereto, or public involvement because of the Contractor's negligence of safety norms, the Contractor shall be liable to pay a compensation of Rs. 15,00,000i- (Rupees Fifteen Lakh only) per person affected causing death and Rs. 5,00,000/- (Rupees Five Lakh only) per person for serious injuries | 25o/o or more permanent disability to the Employer for further disbursement to the deceased family/ Injured persons. The permanent disability has the same meaning as indicated in Workmen's Compensation Act 1923, The above stipulations is in addition to all other compensation payable to sufferer as per workmen compensation Act / Rules Notwithstanding above, the Contractor shall also be responsible for payment of sum as indicated below additionally which shall be deposited in Safety Corpus Fund pursuant to GGC Sub-Glause 18.3.3.26: t-"'tr a. Upon 1"' Fatal Accident due to negligence by Rs. 50,00,000/- the Contractor b. Upon 2no Fatal Accident due to negligence by Rs.75,00,000/- the Gontractor c. Upon 3- Fatal Accident due to negligence by Rs. 1,00,00,000/- the Gontractor d. Re-occurrence of Fatal Accident even after 3'o Rs. 1,00,00,0001 per fatal Fatal Accident due to negligence by the accident Contractor e. Tower Gollapse leading to more than one (01) Rs. 1,00,00,000/- per fatal death attributable to the Gontractor as per the accident in addition to a, b, (t Accident Enquiry Committee Report c or d above, as applicable THAT as per the Employer's instructions, the Contractor agrees that this amount shall be deducted from their running bill(s) immediately after the accident, That the Contractor understands that this amount shall be over and above the compensation amount liable to be paid as per the Workmen's Compensation Act /other statutory requiremenV provisions of the Bidding Documents. 15. THAT the Contractor shall submit Near-Miss-Accident report along with action plan for avoidance such incidence /accidents to Engineer - In-charge/ Project Manager. Contractor shall also submit Monthly Safety Activities report to Engineer - In-charge/ Project Manager and copy of the Monthly Safety Activities report also to be sent to Safety In-charge at RHQ of the Employer for his review record and instructtons. 16 THAT the Contractor is submitting a copy of Safety Policy/ Safety Documents of its Company which is enclosed at Annexure 6 (SP) and ensure that the safety Policy and safety - (; documents are implemented in healthy spirit. 17 THAT the Contractor shall make available of First Aid Box [Contents of which shall be as per Building & other construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services Act and Central Rule 1998 / POWERGRID Guidelines)l to the satisfaction of Engineer In- Charge/ Project Manager with each gang at site and not at camp and ensures that trained persons in First Aid Techniques with each gang before execution of work. 18 THAT the Contractor shall submit an 'Emergency Preparedness Plan' for different incidences i.e. Fall from height, Electrocution, Sun Stroke, Collapse of pit, Collapse of Tower, Snake bite, Fire in camp / Store, Flood, Storm, Earthquake, Militancy etc. while carrying out different activities under execution i.e. foundation works including civil works, erection, stringing (as applicable), testing & commissioning, disposal of materials at site / store etc. which is enclosed at Annexure - 7 (SP) for approval of the Engineer In-Charge/ Project Manager before start of work. 19. THAT the Contractor shall organise Safety Training Programs on Safety, Health and Environment and for safe execution of different activities of works i.e. foundation works including civil works, erection, stringing (as applicable), testing & commissioning, disposal of materials at site / store etc. for their own employees including sub-contractor workers on regular basis. The Contractor, therefore, submits copy of the module of training program, enclosed at Annexure - 9 (SP), to Engineer In-charge/Project Manager for its acceptance and approval and records maintained. 20. THAT the Contractor shall conduct safety audit, as per Safety Audit Check Lists enclosed at Annexure - 8 (SP), by his Safety Office(s) every month during construction of Transm ission Lines / Sub Stations / any other work and copy of the safety audit report will be fonvarded to the Employer's Engineer In-charge / Site In-charge/Project Manager for his comments and {lt- feedback. During safety audit, healthiness of all Personal Protective Equipment's (PPEs) shall be checked individually by safety officer of contractor and issue a certificate of its healthiness or rejection of faulty PPEs and contractor has to ensure that all faulty PPEs and all faulty lifting tools and tackles should be destroyed in the presence of POWERGRID construction staff. Contractor has to ensure that each gang be safety audited at least once in two months. During safety audit by the contractor, Safety officer's feedback from POWERGRID concerned shall be taken and recorded. The Employer's site officials shallalso conduct safety audit at their own from time to time when construction activities are under progress. Apart from above, the Employer may also conduct surveillance safety audits. The Employer may take action against the person / persons as deemed fit under various statutory acts/provisions under the Contract for any violation of safety norms / safety standards. 21. THAT the Contractor shall develop and display Safety Posters of construction activity at site and also at camp where workers are generally residing. 22. THAT the Contractor shall ensure to provide potable and safe drinking water for workers at site / at camp. I 23. THAT the Contractor shall do health checkup of all workers from competent agencies and reports will be submitted to Engineer In-Charge within fifteen ('15) days of health checkup of workers as per statutory requirement. 24. THAT the Contractor shall submit information along with documentary evidences in regard to compliance to various statutory requirements as applicable which are enclosed at Annexure - 10A (SP). The Contractor shall also submit details of lnsurance Policies taken by the Contractor for insurance coverage against accident for all employees are enclosed at Annexure - 108 (SP). 25. THAT a check-list in respect of aforesaid enclosures along with the Contractor's rernarks, wherever required, is attached as Annexure - Check List herewith. THE CONTRACTOR shall incorporate modifications/changes in this 'Safety Plan' necessitated on the basis of review/comments of the Engineer In-Charge/Project Manager within fourteen (14) days of receipt of review/comments and on final approval of the Engineer In-Charge/Project Manager of this'Safety Plan', the Contractor shall execute the works'under the Contract as per approved 'Safety Plan'. Furlher, the Contractor has also noted that the first progressive payment towards Services Contract shall be made on submission of 'Safety Plan' along with all requisite documents and approval of the same by the Engineer ln-Charge/Project Manager. lN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Contractor has hereunto set its hand through its authorised representative under the common seal of the Company, the day, month and year first above mentioned. For and on behalf of M/s. Sterling And Wilson Pvt. Ltd. Signature V.l\. Lruust ( i x1ame..........Gonstruction.Manager Sterling Wilson Pvt'ltd I Address: 31 G. N. Block, Benfish lT Building 3'o Floor, Sector - V, Salt Lake Gity, Kolkata -700 091 Autho rised representative Common Seal G4 WITNES 1. Sign Alzawf Nam ..S. frn.t Address 2. Signature Address..... Note: All the annexure referred to in this "Safety Plan" are required to be enclosed by the contractor as per the attached "Check List " 1. Safety Plan is to be executed by the authorised person and (i) in case of contracting Company under common seal of the Company or (ii) having the power of attorney issued under common seal of the company with authority to execute such contract documents etc., (iii) In case of (ii), the original Power of Attorney if it is specifically for this Contract or a Photostat copy of the Power of Attorney if it is General Power of Attorney and such documents should be attached to this Safety Plan. 2. For all safety monitoring/ documentation, Engineer In-charge / Regional In-charge of safety at RHQ will be the nodal Officers for communication. W v4/ 5.N. ure Sta[US OT Submission of information/ documents Annexure - 1A (:tP) Safe work procedure for each activity i.e. foundation works including civil works, erection, stringing (as applicable), testing & commissioning, disposal of materials at site / store etc. to be executed at site. 2. Annexure - lE (SP) Manpower deployment plan, activity wise foundation works including civil works, erection, stringing (as applicable), testing & commissioning, disposal of materials at site / store etc. ( 3. Annexure - Z (SP) YES List of Lifting Machines i.e. Grane, Hoist, Triffor, Ghain Pulley Blocks etc. and Lifting Tools: and Tackles i.e. D shackle, Pulleys, come along clamps, wire rope slings etc. and all types of ropes i.e. Wire ropes, Poly propylene Rope etc. used for lifting purposes along with test certificates. 4. Annexure - 3 (SP' YES . List of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), activity wise including the following along with test certificate of each as applicable: l. Industrial Safely Helmet to ail workmen at site. (EN 397 / lS 2925) with chin strap and back stay arrangement. 2. Safety shoes without steel toe to all ground level workers and canvas shoes for workers working on tower. 3. Rubber Gum Boot to workers working in rainy season. Concreting job. 4. Twin lanyard full body safety harness with shock absorber and leg strap arrangement for all workers working at height for more than three meters. Safety Harness should be with attachments of light weight such as of aluminum alloy etc. and having a feature of automatic locking arrangement of snap hook anti comply with EN 361 / lS 3521 standards. 5. Mobile fall arrestors for safety of workers during their ascending / descending from tower / on tower. EN - 353 -2 (Guided type fall arresters oh a flexible anchoraqe line.) 6. Retractable type fall arrestor (EN360: 20021for ascending / descending on suspension insulator string etc. 7. Providing of good quality cotton hand gloves / leather hand gloves for workers engaged in handling of tower parts or as per requirement at site. 8. Electrical Resistance hand gloves to Workers for handling _ electrical equipment / Electrical -connections. lS: 4770. I - 9. Dust masks to workers handling cement as per requirement. 10. Face shield for welder and Grinders. lS: 1179/lS:2553 11. Other PPEs, if any, as per requirement etc. ( 5 Annexure - 4 (SPl Yes List of Earthing Equipment / Earthing Devices with earthing lead conforming to lECs for earthing equipment are (855, 1230,1235 etc.) gang wise for stringing activity as per requirement. 6 Annexure - 5A (SP) Ygs , List of Qualified safety Officer (s) along with their contact details. 7 Annexure - 5B (SP) Yes Details of explosive Operator (lf Required), Safety officer / stinging gang, any other person nominated for safety, list of personnel trained in First Aid as well as brief information about safety set up by the contractor along with copy of organization of the contractor in regard to safety. E Annexure - 6 (ltP) Yes Copy of Safety Policy/ Safety Document of the contractor's company. 9 Annexure - / (51'' Yes. 'Emeroencv Preparedness Plan' for different incideices-i.e. Fail from height, Electrocution, Sun stroke, Collapse of Pit, Collapse of tower, snake Bite, Fire in camp / Store, Flood, storm, earthquake, Militancy, etc. while carrying out differeint activities under execution i.e. foundation works including civil works, erection, stringing {as_ applicable), tesling & commissioning, disposal of materials at site/ store etc. 't (, Annexure - 8 (SP) YES Safety Audit Check Lists 11 AN Yes Go afety Training Programs on ironment, safe execution of works for Gontractor's own employees on regular basis and sub- contractors emplovees. VW Information alon! with documentary evidences in regard to the Gontractor's. compliance..to various stalutory req u i rements i nc lud in g the followin g : and other construction workers (Regulalion of employment & conditions of Seriices act and Gdntial act 1996) and Welfare Cess Act 1996 with rules. men Gompen tc lnsurance LraDtllues ( &Abolition) Act 1970 and Rules. any, from Time fo Time. lndian Standards for construcrlon or Low/ Medium/ High/ Extra High voltage Transmission Details of Insurance Policies along with documentary evidences taken by the Contractor for the insurance coverage against accident for all employees as below: *w FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 18 Labor License Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram M/s Sterling and Wilson Pvt Ltd Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 19 Checklist for Safety Plan Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram SAMPLE COPY OF FILLED CHECKLIST Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ix FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 20 letter issued to M/s Starling and Wilson Pvt Ltd for noncompliance of HSE Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Annexure 21 GRC Details Green Circle Inc. i GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF : POWER & BI,ECTRICITY DEPARTMENT MIZORAM: AIZAWL No.WB-3/20 I 4-EC(PC)/SPIU/PtI101 Dated Aiza POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED Tuivamit, B.P.O - Tanhril Aizawl - 796009 Subject: Constitution of Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) Ref: Your Letter NERPSIPlAizawllGrievance/F-102129. dt. 09.03.2018 ( :,: sir' Enclosed please find herewith the Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) for tire following rvorks for your information and necessary action: 1) Construction of 132122 kV Sub-Station at W.Phaileng and Marpara. 2) Construction of 132 kV Single Circuit on Double Circuit Tower line from W.Phaileng to Marpara. Enclo: As above. Yours faithfully, I /t \\ tt ,/Ubtu,b4 RAMLIANA ) neer-in-Chief i'vicnro No. ViE-3i20f 4-itC(F C iisi'i U/ilti 1 0 r ijated ;riznwlrthe irtl' Sept,20i8 Copy to:- The Chief Engineer (Distribution), for favour of infonnation. Engineer-in-Chief Power & Electricity Deparlment GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDING ENGINEE& PROJECT CIRCLE-I POWER & ETECTRICITY DEPARTMENT AIZAWL: MIZORAM NOTIFICATION Dated Aizawl The 20th August,2078 No.T-11014/L/2OL6-SEPC-L/22: It is hereby notified that Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) is Constituted to interact rvith public on grievances/dispute/concerns etc. with respect to environment, social and compensation for the following works : t. Construction of t32/33kV Sub Station at W.Phaileng and Marpara respectively 2. Construction of L32kV Single Circuit on Double Circuit Tower line from W.Phaileng to Marpara Necessary Informations shall be conveyed to higher authority through the Executive Engineer, P&E Department, Mamit Power Division, Mamit List of Villages/Department and Members with Contact Nos. of Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee are enclosed in Annexure Enclo : List of Villages & Members (Annexure) Sd/- F.Lalrinpuia Superintending Engineer, P&E Project Circle-l : Aizawl. q , Memo No.T-11014/L/2O16_SEPC-[/22 : Dated Aizawl, the 2Oth Augus! 20L8. Copy to : 1J The Engineer-in-Chief, P&E Departmen! for favour of information. This has refrefence to his letter vide No.WB-6/201.8.EC[PC)/SPCU l6 : Dt. 18.07,2018 2) The Chief Engineer (Distribution) for favour of information. This has refrefence to his letter vide No.T-2801,5/18-CE(D)/3 : Dt. 25.06.2018 Dy.General Manager[NERPSIP), POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD, amit, BPO - Tanhril, Aizawl for information & necessary action 4) The Executive Engineer, Mamit Power Division, Mamit for information and necessary action. This has refrefence to his letter vide No.T-L301,0/I/t8-EE[MPD)/31, dt.24.7.20L8 He is also requested to inform & guide the persons concerned in this regards. Notice Board. N :": {;i t- ;:: D uperintendingTngineer, P&E .i g. fi )q,o)'[$aRls9 oject Circle-l : Aizawl. :i' 3l 'J, -u Annexure LIST OF VILTAGES REPRESENTATIVE FOR SITE LEVEL GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL COMMITTEE (cRc) with Des tion & Contact Nos. Villaee/Department 1) Pu Lal_chhu11-mg-w_i a VC President 9378165452 2) Pg Rokima Rokhu-m- YMA President 7085626883 W.PHAILENG 3-) P"u, Ngg-1_salgkima S--ailo, YMA -S--ec5e-p5y 4J Pu B.Lalhruaikima VC Treasurer 8131955661 1-) P u C_, f.ql"1a mlh a gga Dam_pg GJo_up Y_M.A President 986222L048 _2) Pg P_C Zayzgliana VC Member 8413005283 NEW W.PHAILENG 3) Pu D-gh-q3nga YII4A, reg j de.nt, B-ethlemhe m B r 7629970272 -P 3) Pi R"ong..uri VC President 76289740t7 4) Pu H.Lalchungnunga YMA President, New W.Phaileng Br. 7005352803 Pu. S-anglia-na -1-) 8837047667 KAWNMAWT/ 2) -Pu Rgbuanga 8837331518 CHHIPPUI 3) Pu Malgqwm-t-ha4ga 8014343798 4) Pi Lalzawmliani 961,5712934 1,) Pu. Sailhallalga VC President 9366A65365 R-ipawma YMA President -2) -P-u 3-) Pu Pa-c-hhunga 4l Pu Raltawna 1) Pu MS Dawn-g_llapa VC Vice President 80L4366107 SAI'IHAH Pu ,Lalhmingthanga YMA President -2) 9615249396 3l Pu Sakhawliana YMA Com.Member 8787739760 1) Pi J,Lal"11.nm-aw_il VC President 8132845046 ) H, af hmf n gth a-nga _2 .-L YMA President 7005090071 PHULDUNGSEI 3) -Pu C,Paghhgnga MUP President 81189L0726 4) P! Rotlu.angi Sailo VC Member 7638074507 6) Lalhuapliana YMA President Chaltui 8118970726 1) Pu A.Roliana PHULPUI 2) _Pu A'Lafp-e_ka 3J Pu A.Pazawna 9383180094 1) iu !-a1h-anga VC President ( 9774332664 lB. PUKZING _2) H,_Cha.nchjnmawla YMA President 8256926287 3) P9 lafp_uphfima YMA 8259932737 -S---e--c;eta1y 4l Pu Lalrotli 879487568L 1) Pu LaJg-gn_zira 7085120235 PHULPUI VENGTHAR 2) Pi Lalrimawii 9672226960 3l Pu Rinsiama 9862391585 P-y Rqpna Kym31 -_1) 9485373685 10. HRTJIDUK J) Pu Loki Ronjon 9485311668 Pu Budo Sash 9485023475 1J Er. B.Rothangliana SDO, W.Phaileng Power Sub- Division 9436151953 P&E DEPARTMENT 2) Pu Lallawmawma Chenkual Junior Engineer, W.Phaileng 9436150292 Mr.C.G .Gen. Manager, [NERPSI 9449599072 sd/- Exclcutive Engineer, P&E iireer, P&E Mamit Power Division :Aizawl GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF : POWER & BI,ECTRICITY DEPARTMENT MIZORAM: AIZAWL No.WB-3/20 I 4-EC(PC)/SPIU/PtI101 Dated Aiza POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED Tuivamit, B.P.O - Tanhril Aizawl - 796009 Subject: Constitution of Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) Ref: Your Letter NERPSIPlAizawllGrievance/F-102129. dt. 09.03.2018 ( :,: sir' Enclosed please find herewith the Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) for tire following rvorks for your information and necessary action: 1) Construction of 132122 kV Sub-Station at W.Phaileng and Marpara. 2) Construction of 132 kV Single Circuit on Double Circuit Tower line from W.Phaileng to Marpara. Enclo: As above. Yours faithfully, I /t \\ tt ,/Ubtu,b4 RAMLIANA ) neer-in-Chief i'vicnro No. ViE-3i20f 4-itC(F C iisi'i U/ilti 1 0 r ijated ;riznwlrthe irtl' Sept,20i8 Copy to:- The Chief Engineer (Distribution), for favour of infonnation. Engineer-in-Chief Power & Electricity Deparlment GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDING ENGINEE& PROJECT CIRCLE-I POWER & ETECTRICITY DEPARTMENT AIZAWL: MIZORAM NOTIFICATION Dated Aizawl The 20th August,2078 No.T-11014/L/2OL6-SEPC-L/22: It is hereby notified that Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) is Constituted to interact rvith public on grievances/dispute/concerns etc. with respect to environment, social and compensation for the following works : t. Construction of t32/33kV Sub Station at W.Phaileng and Marpara respectively 2. Construction of L32kV Single Circuit on Double Circuit Tower line from W.Phaileng to Marpara Necessary Informations shall be conveyed to higher authority through the Executive Engineer, P&E Department, Mamit Power Division, Mamit List of Villages/Department and Members with Contact Nos. of Site Level Grievance Redressal Committee are enclosed in Annexure Enclo : List of Villages & Members (Annexure) Sd/- F.Lalrinpuia Superintending Engineer, P&E Project Circle-l : Aizawl. q , Memo No.T-11014/L/2O16_SEPC-[/22 : Dated Aizawl, the 2Oth Augus! 20L8. Copy to : 1J The Engineer-in-Chief, P&E Departmen! for favour of information. This has refrefence to his letter vide No.WB-6/201.8.EC[PC)/SPCU l6 : Dt. 18.07,2018 2) The Chief Engineer (Distribution) for favour of information. This has refrefence to his letter vide No.T-2801,5/18-CE(D)/3 : Dt. 25.06.2018 Dy.General Manager[NERPSIP), POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD, amit, BPO - Tanhril, Aizawl for information & necessary action 4) The Executive Engineer, Mamit Power Division, Mamit for information and necessary action. This has refrefence to his letter vide No.T-L301,0/I/t8-EE[MPD)/31, dt.24.7.20L8 He is also requested to inform & guide the persons concerned in this regards. Notice Board. N :": {;i t- ;:: D uperintendingTngineer, P&E .i g. fi )q,o)'[$aRls9 oject Circle-l : Aizawl. :i' 3l 'J, -u Annexure LIST OF VILTAGES REPRESENTATIVE FOR SITE LEVEL GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL COMMITTEE (cRc) with Des tion & Contact Nos. Villaee/Department 1) Pu Lal_chhu11-mg-w_i a VC President 9378165452 2) Pg Rokima Rokhu-m- YMA President 7085626883 W.PHAILENG 3-) P"u, Ngg-1_salgkima S--ailo, YMA -S--ec5e-p5y 4J Pu B.Lalhruaikima VC Treasurer 8131955661 1-) P u C_, f.ql"1a mlh a gga Dam_pg GJo_up Y_M.A President 986222L048 _2) Pg P_C Zayzgliana VC Member 8413005283 NEW W.PHAILENG 3) Pu D-gh-q3nga YII4A, reg j de.nt, B-ethlemhe m B r 7629970272 -P 3) Pi R"ong..uri VC President 76289740t7 4) Pu H.Lalchungnunga YMA President, New W.Phaileng Br. 7005352803 Pu. S-anglia-na -1-) 8837047667 KAWNMAWT/ 2) -Pu Rgbuanga 8837331518 CHHIPPUI 3) Pu Malgqwm-t-ha4ga 8014343798 4) Pi Lalzawmliani 961,5712934 1,) Pu. Sailhallalga VC President 9366A65365 R-ipawma YMA President -2) -P-u 3-) Pu Pa-c-hhunga 4l Pu Raltawna 1) Pu MS Dawn-g_llapa VC Vice President 80L4366107 SAI'IHAH Pu ,Lalhmingthanga YMA President -2) 9615249396 3l Pu Sakhawliana YMA Com.Member 8787739760 1) Pi J,Lal"11.nm-aw_il VC President 8132845046 ) H, af hmf n gth a-nga _2 .-L YMA President 7005090071 PHULDUNGSEI 3) -Pu C,Paghhgnga MUP President 81189L0726 4) P! Rotlu.angi Sailo VC Member 7638074507 6) Lalhuapliana YMA President Chaltui 8118970726 1) Pu A.Roliana PHULPUI 2) _Pu A'Lafp-e_ka 3J Pu A.Pazawna 9383180094 1) iu !-a1h-anga VC President ( 9774332664 lB. PUKZING _2) H,_Cha.nchjnmawla YMA President 8256926287 3) P9 lafp_uphfima YMA 8259932737 -S---e--c;eta1y 4l Pu Lalrotli 879487568L 1) Pu LaJg-gn_zira 7085120235 PHULPUI VENGTHAR 2) Pi Lalrimawii 9672226960 3l Pu Rinsiama 9862391585 P-y Rqpna Kym31 -_1) 9485373685 10. HRTJIDUK J) Pu Loki Ronjon 9485311668 Pu Budo Sash 9485023475 1J Er. B.Rothangliana SDO, W.Phaileng Power Sub- Division 9436151953 P&E DEPARTMENT 2) Pu Lallawmawma Chenkual Junior Engineer, W.Phaileng 9436150292 Mr.C.G .Gen. Manager, [NERPSI 9449599072 sd/- Exclcutive Engineer, P&E iireer, P&E Mamit Power Division :Aizawl Annexure A and B LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, Annexure A1 ² ! BAY ! AP-1 ! AP-2 ! AP-3 ! AP-4 ! AP-5 ! AP-6 ! AP-7 ! AP-8 AP-9 Legend ! Electric Pole ! AP-10 Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation AP-11 Road ! ! AP-12 LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! ! AP-12 AP-11 ² ! AP-13 ! AP-14 ! AP-15 ! AP-16 ! AP-17 ! AP-18 ! AP-20 Legend Electric Pole Electric Line ! AP-21 Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest AP-22 Open Scrub Land ! Orange Plantation AP-23 Road ! LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! ! AP-23 ² ! AP-24 ! AP-25 ! AP-26 ! AP-27 Legend ! AP-28 Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) AP-29 Grazing Land ! Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road ! AP-30 LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! AP-30 ² ! AP-31 ! AP-32 ! AP-33 ! AP-34 Legend ! AP-35 Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track AP-36 Electric Substation ! Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land ! AP-37 Orange Plantation Road LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ² ! ! ! AP-38 ! AP-38A ! AP-39 ! AP-40 ! AP-41 ! AP-42 Legend Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ² ! AP-42 ! AP-43 ! AP-44 ! AP-45 ! AP-45A ! AP-46 ! AP-46A ! AP-47 Legend ! AP-48 Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land ! AP-49 Nala/Drain Open Forest ! AP-50 Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! ! AP-50 ² ! AP-50A ! AP-51 ! AP-52 ! AP-53 ! AP-54 ! AP-55 Legend Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest ! AP-56 Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land ! AP-57 Orange Plantation Road LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ² ! AP-57 ! AP-58 ! AP-59 ! AP-60 ! AP-61 ! AP-62 ! AP-63 Legend AP-65 Electric Pole ! Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track ! AP-66 Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land ! AP-67 Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road ! AP-68 LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE ! CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! AP-68 ² ! AP-69 ! AP-70 ! AP-71 ! AP-73 ! AP-74 Legend Electric Pole Electric Line ! AP-75 Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land ! AP-76 Orange Plantation Road ! LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ² ! ! AP-77 ! AP-78 ! AP-80 ! AP-81 ! AP-82 ! AP-83 Legend ! AP-84 Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest ! AP-85 Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road ! LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! ! AP-86 ² ! AP-87 ! AP-88 ! AP-89 ! AP-90 ! AP-91 ! AP-92 ! AP-93 Legend Electric Pole Electric Line ! AP-94 Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest AP-96 Open Scrub Land ! Orange Plantation Road ! AP-97 LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! ! AP-97 ² ! AP-98 ! AP-99 ! AP-100 ! AP-101 ! AP-102 Legend ! AP-103 Electric Pole ! AP-104 Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track AP-104A Electric Substation ! Forest Plantation (Segun) ! AP-105 Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest ! AP-106 Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road ! LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ² ! ! AP-107 ! AP-107A ! AP-108 ! AP-110 ! AP-111 Legend ! AP-112 Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation ! AP-113 Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ² ! AP-114 ! AP-115 ! AP-116 ! AP-117 ! AP-119 ! AP-120 ! AP-122 ! AP-123 ! AP-124 Legend AP-125 Electric Pole ! Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track AP-126 Electric Substation ! Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land ! AP-127 Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road ! AP-128 LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) ! PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! AP-128 ² ! AP-129 ! AP-130 ! AP-131 ! AP-132 ! AP-132A ! AP-133 ! AP-134 ! AP-135 Legend Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest ! AP-136 Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain ! AP-137 Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road ! LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE ! CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ² ! AP-138 ! AP-139 ! AP-140 ! AP-141 ! AP-142 ! AP-143 ! AP-145 ! AP-144 ! AP-146 ! AP-147 ! ! Legend Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest Cart Track Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE ! CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! ! AP-148 ² ! AP-149 ! AP-150 ! AP-151 ! AP-152 ! AP-153 Legend ! AP-154 Electric Pole ! AP-155 Electric Line Bamboo Forest AP-155A Cart Track ! Electric Substation Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land ! AP-156 Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road ! AP-157 LAND USE/LAND COVER DETAILS OF 132 KV SC (ON DC TOWER) W.PHAILENG TO MARPARA TRANSMISSION LINE CLIENT :- POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (UNDER NERPSIP) PREPARED BY GREEN CIRCLE INC, ! AP-157 ² ! AP-158 ! AP-159 ! AP-161 ! AP-161A ! AP-163 ! AP-164 ! AP-165 ! AP-166 ! AP-168 ! AP-169 ! AP-170 Legend Electric Pole Electric Line Bamboo Forest ! AP-171 Cart Track AP-172 Electric Substation AP-173 ! ! ! BAY Forest Plantation (Segun) Grazing Land Nala/Drain Open Forest Open Scrub Land Orange Plantation Road Electric Pole Elevation in M. Feature details Annexure B1 Geomorphology Rock_Structure Land Slide Type Hazard Type BAY 725 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-1 729 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-2 714 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-3 758 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-4 771 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-5 822 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-6 798 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-7 757 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-8 685 Orange Plantation Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-9 752 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-10 657 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-11 665 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-12 691 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-13 702 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-14 679 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-15 685 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-16 744 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-17 650 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-18 630 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-20 609 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-21 659 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-22 706 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-23 701 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-24 691 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-25 648 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-26 630 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-27 597 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-28 600 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-29 635 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-30 670 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-31 575 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-32 462 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-33 473 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-34 513 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-35 638 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-36 619 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-37 664 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-38 655 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-38A 642 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-39 568 Orange Plantation Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-40 578 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-41 616 Orange Plantation Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-42 654 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-43 667 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-44 683 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-45 681 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-45A 677 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-46 704 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-46A 682 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-47 690 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-48 678 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-49 855 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-50 872 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-50A 860 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-51 876 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-52 827 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-53 886 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-54 875 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-55 885 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-56 863 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-57 848 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-58 799 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-59 782 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-60 770 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-61 768 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-62 790 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-63 813 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-65 829 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-66 802 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-67 817 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-68 798 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-69 791 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-70 802 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-71 811 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-73 795 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-74 734 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-75 743 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-76 689 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-77 711 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-78 691 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-80 672 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-81 658 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-82 655 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-83 628 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-84 556 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-85 598 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-86 585 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-87 554 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-88 567 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-89 604 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-90 642 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-91 657 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-92 654 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-93 648 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-94 651 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-96 718 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-97 677 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-98 702 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-99 693 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-100 689 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-101 662 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-102 664 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-103 659 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-104 671 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-104A 669 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-105 671 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-106 691 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-107 624 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-107A 652 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-108 646 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-110 619 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-111 597 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-112 584 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-113 758 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-114 775 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-115 853 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-116 867 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-117 850 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-119 897 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-120 867 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-122 840 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-123 815 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-124 828 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-125 833 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-126 830 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-127 837 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-128 886 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-129 898 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-130 914 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-131 886 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-132 872 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-132A 850 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-133 860 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-134 861 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-135 842 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-136 797 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-137 773 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-138 777 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-139 736 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-140 767 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-141 746 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-142 724 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-143 629 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-144 500 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-145 559 Bamboo Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-146 622 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-147 567 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-147A 536 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-148 469 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-149 427 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-150 407 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-151 442 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-152 422 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-153 385 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-154 393 Grazing Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-155 378 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-155A 377 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-156 358 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-157 401 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-158 402 Forest Plantation (Segun) Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-159 429 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-161 380 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-161A 299 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-163 215 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-164 166 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-165 152 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-166 152 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-168 200 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-169 184 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-170 114 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-171 127 Open Forest Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-172 121 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide AP-173 127 Open Scrub Land Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide BAY 132 Electric Substation Shale/Sandstone/ pebble bed/ conglomerate Structural Hills-High dissected High Land Slide Earthquake, Wind storm and High Landslide Appendix FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Appendix A Environmental Baseline Green Circle Inc. i FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram A. Soils Taxonomic Classification in Project Districts Soil Description Taxonomic Classification Unit 1 Deep, somewhat excessively drained, loamy skeletal soils on very steeply Loamy skeletal sloping side slopes of high relief structural hills having loamy surface with Typic Dystrochrepts very severe erosion hazard Fine loamy Associated with: Deep to very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on Typic Dystrochrepts steeply sloping ridges with severe erosion hazard 2 Deep to very deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine loamy skeletal soils Fine loamy on steeply sloping hill summits having loamy surface with severe erosion Typic Udorthents hazard Fine loamy Associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine loamy soils on Typic Dystrochrepts side slopes of high relief structural hill with severe erosion hazard and slight stoniness 3 Deep, well drained, loamy skeletal soils on steeply sloping side slopes of Loamy skeletal high relief structural hills having loamy surface with very severe erosion Typic Dystrochrepts hazard and moderate stoniness Fine loamy Associated with: Deep to very deep well drained, fine loamy soils on Typic Haplumbrepts moderately steeply sloping hill summit with severe erosion hazard and Fragmental Lithic Udorthents slight stoniness 4 Deep to very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on moderately Fine loamy dissected side slopes of ridges having loamy surface with severe Typic Hapludults erosion hazard Fine loamy Associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine loamy Umbric Dystrochrepts soils on moderately steeply sloping ridge top with moderate erosion hazard and slight stoniness 5 Very deep, excessively drained, Coarse loamy soils on the slopes of Coarse loamy moderately sloping medium relief having loamy surface with Typic Udorthents severe erosion hazard Loamy over sandy Associated with: Deep, well drained, loamy over sandy soils on Typic Dystrochrepts moderately sloping side slopes of the hills with moderate erosion Fine Loamy hazard Typic Dystrochrepts 6 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on the side slopes of parallel Fine ridges, moderately steeply sloping having loamy surface with Typic Dystrochrepts severe erosion hazard Coarse loamy over sandy Associated with: Deep, well drained, coarse loamy over sandy soils Typic Udorthents on steeply sloping side slopes of the hills with moderate erosion Fine loamy hazard Typic Hapludults 7 Very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on the moderately steeply Fine loamy sloping hill top having loamy surface with severe erosion hazard Typic Dystrochrepts Associated with: shallow, well drained, fragmental soils very Fragmental lithic steeply sloping parallel ridges, with severe erosion hazard and Udorthents severe stoniness Fine loamy Typic Haplumbrepts 8 Deep to very deep, excessively drained, fine loamy soils on the Fine loamy moderately sloping side slopes of medium relief parallel ridges Typic Dystrochrepts having loamy surface with severe erosion hazard and slight Fine loamy stoniness Typic Haplumbrepts Associated with: Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on moderately Coarse loamy sloping side slopes of the hills with moderate erosion hazard Typic Udorthents 9 Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine loamy soils on the Fine loamy steeply sloping hill top having loamy surface with severe erosion Typic Dystrochrepts hazard Coarse loamy Green Circle Inc. ii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Soil Description Taxonomic Classification Unit Associated with: moderately Deep, excessively drained, coarse Typic Udorthents loamy soils on steeply sloping side slopes of the hills with severe Fine loamy erosion hazard and slight stoniness Typic Hapludults 10 Deep to very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on the moderately Fine steeply sloping hill top having loamy surface with moderate Typic Dystrochrepts erosion hazard Fine loamy Associated with: Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on gently Typic Dystrochrepts sloping side slopes with moderate erosion hazard Fine loamy Typic Paleudults 11 Very deep, somewhat excessively drained, coarse loamy soils on Fine loamy moderately steeply sloping hill slopes having loamy surface with Typic Udorthents severe erosion hazard Fine Loamy Associated with: very Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on Typic Haplumbrepts moderately sloping hill top with moderate erosion hazard Fine Loamy Umbric Dystrochrepts 12 Very deep, well drained, loamy skeletal soils on the steeply sloping Loamy skeletal sides of ridges having loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard Umbric Dystrochrepts and moderate stoniness Fine loamy Associated with: Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils moderately Typic Dystrochrepts sloping sides slopes with moderate erosion hazard 13 Moderately Deep, somewhat excessively drained, coarse loamy Coarse loamy soils on the moderately steeply sloping side slopes of ridges having Typic Udorthents Fine loamy surface with severe erosion hazard loamy Associated with: Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on moderately Umbric Dystrochrepts sloping hill tops with moderate erosion hazard Fine loamy Typic Dystrochrepts 14 Deep to very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on the moderately Fine steeply sloping side slopes of low relief hills having loamy surface Typic Dystrochrepts with severe erosion hazard Coarse loamy Associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained, coarse Typic Udorthents loamy soils on moderately sloping ridge tops with severe erosion Fine Loamy hazard Umbric Dystrochrepts 15 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on moderately sloping flat Fine loamy topped denudation hills having clay loam surface with moderate Typic Kandiudalts erosion hazard Fine loamy Associated with: Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on gently Typic Dystrochrepts sloping flat topped denudation hills having clay loam surface with Fine Loamy moderate erosion hazard Umbric Dystrochrepts 16 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on moderately to gently sloping Fine loamy flat topped denudation hills having clay loam surface with Typic Kandiudalts moderate erosion hazard Fine loamy Associated with: Deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils on Aquic Dystrochrepts gently sloping hill top with moderate erosion hazard Fine Typic Dystrochrepts 17 Deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on gently sloping low-lying Coarse loamy residual hills having sandy loam surface with moderate erosion Typic Dystrochrepts hazard Fine loamy Associated with: very Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on Typic Hapludults moderately sloping low-lying residual hills with moderate erosion Clay Loamy Skeletal typic hazard Dystrochrepts Green Circle Inc. iii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Soil Description Taxonomic Classification Unit 18 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on moderately sloping low- Fine loamy lying residual hills having clay loamy surface with moderate Typic Dystrochrepts erosion hazard Coarse loamy Associated with: very Deep, imperfectly drained, coarse loamy soils Aquic Udorthents on gently sloping narrow interhall basin under poor to moderate Fine Loamy Aquic cultivation of paddy Dystrochrepts 19 Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on gently to Fine loamy moderately sloping undulating plains with low mounds having clay Typic Dystrochrepts loam surface with moderate erosion hazard Fine loamy Associated with: moderately shallow, poorly to imperfectly Typic Epiaquepts drained, fine loamy soils on very gently sloping narrow valleys with Coarse loamy Typic slight flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard Dystrochrepts 20 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on gently to moderately sloping Fine undulating plains with low mounds having loamy surface with Typic Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard Coarse loamy over sandy Associated with: very deep, well drained, coarse loamy over sandy Typic Dystrochrepts soils on side slopes of moderately sloping low mounds with Fine loamy moderate erosion hazard Typic Hapludults 21 Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping Fine loamy undulating plains with low mounds having loamy surface with Typic Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard Fine Loamy Aquic Associated with: deep to very deep, poorly or imperfectly drained, Dystrochrepts fine loamy soils with slight erosion hazard Fine Loamy Oxyaquic Dystrochrepts 22 Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on gently to Fine loamy moderately sloping undulating plains with low mounds having Typic Dystrochrepts loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard Fine Loamy Oxyaquic Associated with: Deep to very deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy Dystrochrepts soils with slight erosion hazard Course Loamy Typic Udorthents 23 Moderately deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on moderately Fine loamy sloping undulating plains with low mounds having loamy surface Typic Kandiudalts with moderate erosion hazard Fine silty over sandy loamy Associated with: Deep to very deep, imperfectly to poorly drained, Aquic Dystrochrepts fine silty over sandy soils with slight erosion hazard Course Loamy Typic Udorthents 24 Very Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping low Fine Loamy Oxyaquic lands having loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard Dystrochrepts Associated with: very deep, poorly drained, fine loamy soils with Fine Loamy slight erosion hazard Aquic Udorthents 25 Very Deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy soils on gently Fine loamy sloping low mounds having loamy surface with moderate erosion Typic Kandiudalts hazard Fine loamy Associated with: very deep, poorly drained, fine loamy soils on Umbric Dystrochrepts gently sloping low mounds with moderate erosion hazard Fine Loamy Typic Udorthents 26 Deep, moderately well drained, clayey soils on upland of gently to Fine very gently sloping interhall valleys having fine loamy surface with Typic Dystrochrepts moderate to slight erosion hazard Fine Loamy Aquic Associated with: very deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils on Dystrochrepts very gently sloping narrow interhall valleys with slight erosion Fine Loamy Typic hazard Epiaquepts Green Circle Inc. iv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Soil Description Taxonomic Classification Unit 27 Very Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on the upland of gently to Fine loamy very gently sloping interhill valleys having clay loamy surface with Typic Haplumbrepts moderate erosion hazard Fine Loamy Dystrochrepts Associated with: very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping interhill valleys with moderate erosion hazard 28 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on upland of gently to very Fine loamy Fluventic gently sloping interhill valleys having coarse loamy surface with Umbric Haplumbrepts moderate to slight erosion hazard Fine silty Epiaquepts Associated with: very deep, poorly drained, fine silty soils on very gently sloping narrow interhill valleys with occasional flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard 29 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on upland of gently to very Fine loamy gently sloping interhall valleys having fine loamy surface with Typic Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard Coarse loamy Associated with: very deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on the Typic Dystrochrepts upland of gently sloping interhill with moderate erosion hazard Fine loamy Typic Hapludults 30 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on upland of gently to very Fine loamy gently sloping interhill valleys having clay loam surface with Typic Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard Coarse loamy Associated with: very deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on the Typic Dystrochrepts gently sloping interhill valleys with moderate erosion hazard Coarse loamy Typic Udorthents 31 Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on upland of gently to very Fine loamy gently sloping interhill valleys having clay loam surface with Typic Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard Coarse loamy Associated with: very deep, well drained, coarse loamy soils on the Typic Dystrochrepts gently sloping interhill valleys with moderate erosion hazard Coarse loamy Typic Hapludults 32 Deep, poorly to imperfectly drained, coarse loamy soils on gently to Coarse loamy very gently sloping interhill valleys having sandy loam surface with Aquic Udorthents moderate erosion hazard Fine loamy Associated with: very deep, well drained, clayey soils on the upland Typic Dystrochrepts of gently sloping interhill valleys with moderate erosion hazard 33 Deep, imperfectly drained, coarse loamy soils on gently to Fine loamy moderately gently sloping interhill valleys having sandy loam Aeric Dystrochrepts surface with moderate erosion hazard and occasional flooding Fine loamy hazard Aquic Dystrochrepts Associated with: very deep, poorly drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping interhill valleys with slight erosion hazard and occasional flooding hazard 34 Moderately Deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils on gently Fine loamy sloping interhill valleys having clay loam surface with slight erosion Aquic Dystrochrepts hazard and occasional flooding hazard Coarse loamy Associated with: very deep, moderately well drained, coarse loamy Fluventic Dystrochrepts soils on gently sloping interhill valleys with slight erosion hazard and occasional flooding hazard 35 Deep, imperfectly to poorly drained, fine loamy soils on very gently Fine Aeric Epiaquepts sloping alluvial plain having loamy surface with moderate to severe Fine Loamy Typic flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard Epiaquepts Green Circle Inc. v FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Soil Description Taxonomic Classification Unit Associated with: very deep, very poorly drained, fine loamy soils on gently sloping alluvial plain having loamy surface with moderate to severe flooding hazard 36 Deep, imperfectly to poorly drained, fine loamy soils on very gently Fine Aeric Epiaquepts sloping alluvial plain having loamy surface with moderate to severe Fine Loamy Typic flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard Epiaquepts Associated with: very deep, very poorly drained, fine loamy soils on Sandy Over Loamy gently sloping alluvial plain having loamy surface with moderate to Typic Epiaquepts severe flooding hazard 37 Very Deep, imperfectly drained, clayey soils developed on very Fine loamy gently sloping alluvial plain having silty clay surface with moderate Aquic Dystrochrepts flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard Fine Typic Epiaquepts Associated with: very deep, very poorly drained, clayey soils on very gently sloping alluvial plain with moderate flood hazard 38 Very Deep, imperfectly drained, corase loamy developed on gently Coarse Loamy sloping alluvial plain having sandy loam surface with occasional Aeric Epiaquepts flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard Fine Loamy Aquic Associated with: very deep, imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils on Dystrochrepts gently sloping alluvial plain with occasional flooding hazard Typic Udipsamments 39 Deep, very poorly drained, clayey soils on gently sloping floodplain Fine Loamy Typic having silty clay surface with severe to very severe flooding hazard Epiaquepts and slight erosion hazard Fine Loamy over Sandy Associated with: very deep, imperfectly drained, fine silty soils on Typic Epiaquepts very gently sloping flood plain with severe to very severe flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard 40 Very Deep, very poorly drained, clayey soils on very gently sloping Fine Typic Epiaquepts floodplain having clay loam surface with severe flooding hazard Fine Loamy and very slight erosion hazard Typic Epiaquepts Associated with: very deep, poorly to very poorly drained, fine Coarse loamy over Sandy loamy soils Typic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts 41 Very Deep, moderately well to imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils Fine on very gently sloping floodplain having clay loam surface with Aquic Dystrochrepts moderate flooding hazard and very slight erosion hazard Fine Oxyaquic Associated with: very deep, moderately well drained, clayey soils Dystrochrepts on very gently sloping flood plain with occasional flooding hazard Fine Aquic Dystrochrepts 42 Very peep, poorly to very poorly drained, fine loamy soils on very Fine gently sloping floodplain having clay loam surface with moderate to Typic Epiaquepts severe flooding hazard and very slight erosion hazard Fine Loamy Associated with: very deep, poorly drained, fine loamy soils on very Aeric Epiaquepts gently sloping flood plain with moderate to very severe flooding hazard and slight erosion hazard 43 Very Deep, moderately well to imperfectly drained, fine loamy soils Fine loamy on very gently sloping floodplain having clay loam surface with Typic Haplumbrepts moderate flooding hazard and very slight erosion hazard Fine Loamy Associated with: very deep, moderately well drained, clayey soils Pachic Haplumbrepts on very gently sloping flood plain with occasional flooding hazard Fine Typic Dystrochrepts Green Circle Inc. vi FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram B: Flora of Project Area Recorded during Site Survey along TL 1. Tree Species Recorded Along the TL Route Name of the Species Common Name Family IUCN Status Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Ngan bawm Caesalpiniaceae Not assessed Alangium chinense Arsarimnam Alangiaceae Not assessed Albizia chinensis Vang Mimosaceae Not assessed Albizzia procera Kangtek Mimosaceae Not assessed Alphonsea lutea Zawngbalhla Annonaceae Not assessed Alstonia scholaris Thuamriat Apocynaceae Lower risk Anthocephalus chinensis Banphar Rubiaceae Not assessed Apourosa octandra Chhawn tual Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Areca catechu Kuhva-kung Arecaceae Not assessed Artocarpus chama Tatkawng Moraceae Not assessed Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamkhuang Moraceae Not assessed Artocarpus lakoocha Theitat Moraceae Not assessed Baccaurea ramiflora Pangkai Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Balacata baccata Thing-vawk-pui Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Bauhinia variegate Vaube Ceasalpinaceae Least concern Beilschmedia roxburghiana Khuang hlang Lauraceae Not assessed Betula cylindrostachya Hriang- zau Betulaceae Not assessed Bischofia javanica Khuangthli Phyllanthaceae Not assessed Boehmeria rugulosa Len-lang Urticaceae Not assessed Bombax ceiba Phunchawng Bombacaceae Not assessed Bombax insigne Pang Bombacaceae Not assessed Bridelia retusa Thing-phak-tel Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Calicarpa arborea Hnahkiah Verbenaceae Not assessed Caryota urens Tum Arecaceae Not assessed Cassia fistula Ngaingaw Caesalpiniaceae Not assessed Cassia javanica Mak-pa-zang-kang Caesalpiniaceae Not assessed Castanopsis tribuloides Then mim Fagaceae Not assessed Celtis timorensis Thinghmarcha Ulmaceae Not assessed Choerospondias axillaris thei-khuang-chawn Anacardiaceae Not assessed Chukrasia velutina Zawng tei Meliaceae Not assessed Cinnamomun obtusifolum Thakthibngsuak Lauraceae Not assessed Cinnamomun verum Thakthing Lauraceae Not assessed Colona floribunda Hnah-thap Tiliaceae Not assessed Cordia fragrantissima Mukpui Boraginaceae Not assessed Dalbergia obtusifolia Bianghrei Fabaceae Not assessed Dendrocnide sinuate Thak-pui Urticaceae Not assessed Derris robusta Thingkha Papilionaceae Not assessed Dipterocarpus indicus Lawngthing Dipterocarpaceae Endangered Duabanga grandiflora Zuang Sonneratiaceae Not assessed Dyospyros stricta Thing sam kir Ebenaceae Not assessed Dysoxylum binectariforum Sa ha tah Meliaceae Not assessed Elaeocarpus serratus Vantha Elaeocarpaceae Not assessed Emblica officinalis Sun hlu Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Erythrina variegate Fartuah Fabaceae Least concern Eurya cerasifolia Sihneh Theaceae Not assessed Green Circle Inc. vii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Name of the Species Common Name Family IUCN Status Eurya japonica Sihneh Theaceae Not assessed Ficus auriculata Theibal Moraceae Not assessed Ficus elastica Thialret Moraceae Not assessed Ficus hirta Sazutheipui Moraceae Not assessed Ficus hispida Paihtemaian Moraceae Not assessed Ficus racemose Chhohe Moraceae Not assessed Ficus semicordata Theipui Moraceae Not assessed Gmelina arborea Thlanvawng Verbenaceae Not assessed Gmelina oblongifolia Vawngthla Verbenaceae Not assessed Grewia laevigata Varitabelkang Tiliaceae Not assessed Heteropanax fragrans Changkhen Araliaceae Not assessed Knema linifolia Thingthi Myristicaceae Not assessed Ligustrum robustrum Chawmzil Oleaceae Not assessed Lithocarpus pachyphyllus Thil Fagaceae Not assessed Litsea cubeba Sernam Lauraceae Not assessed Macaranga indica Hnahkhar Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Macaranga peltata Kharduap Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Macaranga pustulata Hnahkharpa Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Mallotus paniculatus Khar-pa Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Mangifera indica Theihai Anacardiaceae Not assessed Manihot esculenta Pangbal Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Mesua ferrae Herhse Guttiferea Not assessed Michelia champaca Ngiau Magnoliaceae Not assessed Neolitsea umbrosa Thakthing-suak Lauraceae Not assessed Neonauclea purpurea Lungkhup Rubiaceae Not assessed Olea dioica Sevuak Oleaceae Not assessed Oroxylum indicum Archangkawm Bignopniaceae Not assessed Parkia timoriana Zawngtah Mimosaceae Not assessed Persea villosa Bul bawn Lauraceae Not assessed Phoebe hainesiana Bul-eng Lauraceae Not assessed Protium serratum Bil Burseraceae Not assessed Rhus semialata Khawm hma Anacardiaceae Not assessed Sapium baccatum Thing vak pui Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Sapium eugeniaefolium Thingvawkpuikungm am Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Saraca asoca Mual hawih Caesalpiniaceae Not assessed Schima wallichii Khiang Theaceae Not assessed Securinega virosa Sai siak Phyllanthaceae Not assessed Spondias pinata Tawitaw Moraceae Not assessed Sterculia alata Thing van dawt Sterculiaceae Not assessed Sterculia urens Pang khau Sterculiaceae Not assessed Sterculia villosa Khaupui Sterculiaceae Not assessed Stereospermum chelonoides Zihnghal Bignoniaceae Not assessed Syzygium clariflorum Pichilimim Myrtaceae Not assessed Syzygium cumini Lenhmui Myrtaceae Not assessed Tectona grandis Tlawr Verbenaceae Not assessed Terminalia myriocarpa Char Combretaceae Not assessed Tetrameles nudiflora Thingdawl Datiscaceae Lower risk Toona ciliata Teipui Meliaceae Lower risk Trema orientalis Belphuar Cannabaceae Not assessed Vitex peduncularis Thing khawi lu Verenaceae Not assessed Wendlandia budleioides Batling Rubiaceae Not assessed Green Circle Inc. viii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 2. Identified Herbs and Shrubs in sampling area Name of the Species Common Family IUCN Status Remarks Abelmoschus manihot Ui chu hlo Malvaceae Not assessed Herb Acacia gageana Khang hu Mimosaceae Not assessed Climber Acacia pruinescens Khang Pawl Mimosaceae Not assessed Climber Achyranthus aspera Bu chhawl Amaranthaceae Not assessed Herb Achyranthus bidentata Vangvat hlo Amaranthaceae Not assessed Herb Acmella paniculata An sa te Asteraceae Not assessed Herb Acmella uliginosa An sa te Asteraceae Not assessed Herb Adenia trilobata Cho ak a umsuak Passifloraceae Not assessed Shrub Aeschynomene indica Hlo nuar suak Fabaceae Not assessed Herb Ageratum conyzoides Vaihlen-hlo Asteraceae Not assessed Herb Alternanthera Ngha-te-ril Amaranthaceae Not assessed Herb philoxeroides Alternanthera sessilis An-ngha-ril Amaranthaceae Not assessed Herb Amaranthus viridis Len-hling- hling- Amaranthaceae Not assessed Herb nei-lo Ammomum maximum Ai-du Zingiberaceae Not assessed Herb Anisochilus pallidus Phunglengser Lamiaceae Not assessed Herb Argyreia splendens Phel-phek Convolvulaceae Not assessed Climber Arisaema album Mitthi-vai-mim Araceae Not assessed Herb Bauhinia scandens Zawng-alei-lawn Caesalpiniaceae Not assessed Climber Borassus flabellifer Sial-lu Arecaceae Not assessed Palm Bridelia Montana Phaktel Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Shrub/small tree Bridelia stipularis Hrui-phak-tel Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Shrub Bridelia tomentosa Se-be-hliang Euphorbiaceae Not assessed Shrub Byttneria pilosa Sa- zuk- nghawng- Sterculiaceae Not assessed Climber hlap Centella asiatica Lam-bak Apiaceae Not assessed Herb Cheilocostus speciosus Sum-bul Zingiberaceae Not assessed Herb Chromolaena odorata Tlang-sam Asteraceae Not assessed Shrub Cissampelos pareira Hnah-bial-hrui Menispermaceae Not assessed Climber Cissus japonica Sa-nghar-hmai Vitaceae Not assessed Climber Cissus repens Hrui-pawl Vitaceae Not assessed Climber Clausena excavate Arpa-sen-til Rutaceae Not assessed Shrub Clerodendroninfortunatum Phui-hnam-chhia Verbenaceae Not assessed Shrub Codariocalyx gyroides Hmei-thai-sa-rawh-t Fabaceae Not assessed Shrub Colebrookianaoppositifolia Kawih- thuang-suak Lamiaceae Not assessed Shrub Colocassia affinis Lep-lawp Araceae Not assessed Herb Colquhounia coccinea Zumzuk Lamiaceae Not assessed Shrub Combretum indicum -- Combretaceae Not assessed Climber Connarus paniculatus Hmeh-keh-rep Connaraceae Not assessed Climber Crassocephalumcrepidioides Buar-thau Asteraceae Not assessed Herb Crotalaria micans Di-ral Fabaceae Not assessed Shrub Cryptolepis dubia Thei-kel-ki-suak Asclepiadaceae Not assessed Climber Cyanotis cristata Vawm-kur Commelinaceae Not assessed Herb Daemonoropsjenkinsiana Rai-chhawk Arecaceae Not assessed Palm Dalbergia pinnata Saizawl Fabaceae Not assessed Shrub Debregeasia longifolia Leh-ngo Urticaceae Not assessed Shrub Dendrolobiumtriangulare Se-be-hliang Fabaceae Not assessed Shrub Dendrophthoe falcate Thikthli-ek-bawm- Loranthaceae Not assessed Bushy chi- khat parasite Dioscorea alata Ba-chhim Dioscoriaceae Not assessed Climber Dioscorea glabra Hra-kai Dioscoriaceae Not assessed Climber FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Name of the Species Common Family IUCN Status Remarks Dioscorea hispida li-liam Dioscoriaceae Not assessed Climber Dioscorea pentaphylla Vawk-pui-ba-hra Dioscoriaceae Not assessed Climber Entada purseatha Khawihrui Fabaceae Not assessed Climber Gallinsoga parviflora Sazu-pui-chaw Asteraceae Not assessed Herb Ipomoea hederifolia Ni-pui-par Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Jasmenium elongatum Hlo-kha Oleaceae Not assessed Climber Jasmenium laurifolium Kangfimhrui Oleaceae Not assessed Climber Jasmenium multiflorum Hlo-kha Oleaceae Not assessed Climber Jasmenium nervosum Hrui-kha Oleaceae Not assessed Climber Jasmenium scandens Hrui-dam-dawi Oleaceae Not assessed Shrub Leea compactiflora Kum-tin-tuai Leeaceae Not assessed Shrub Lepionurus sylvestris Anpangthuam Olacaceae Not assessed Shrub Maesa indica Arngeng Myrsinaceae Not assessed Shrub Melastoma malabathricum Bui-lu-kham Melastomaceae Not assessed Shrub Merremia umbellata Thian-pa Convolvulaceae Not assessed Climber Mussanda macrophylla Va-kep Rubiaceae Shrub Nervilia arangoana Hnah-khat Orchidaceae Not assessed Climber Osbeckia stellata Bui-lu-kham-pa Melastomaceae Not assessed Shrub Oxyspora paniculata Kham-par Melastomaceae Not assessed Shrub Pavetta indica Thai-nu-rual Rubiaceae Not assessed Shrub Pericampylus glaucus Khau-chhim Menispermaceae Not assessed Climber Polygonum chinense Diktawn Polygalaceae Not assessed Herb Pothos chinensis Liking-chang-dam Araceae Not assessed Climber Pothos scandens Laiking-tai-rua Araceae Not assessed Climber Premna coriacea Kuam Verbinaceae Not assessed Climber Rhododendronjohnstonanum Chhawkhlei-par-var Ericaceae Not assessed Shrub Rubia cordifolia Saphit Rubiaceae Not assessed Climber Rubus alceifolius Siali-nu-chhu Rosaceae Not assessed Shrub Saccharum arundinaceum Rai- Ruang Poaceae Not assessed Grass Sarcochlamyspulcherrima Leh-ngo Urticaceae Not assessed Shrub Sida acuta Khing-khih Malvaceae Not assessed Shrub Smilax glabra Tluang-ngil Smilacaceae Not assessed Climber Smilax ovalifolia Kai-ha-pui Smilacaceae Not assessed Climber Stachyphryniumplacentarium Hnah-thial-pa Marantaceae Not assessed Herb Tadehagi triquetrum Ui-fawm-a-ring Fabaceae Not assessed Herb Thysanolaena maxima Hmunphiah Poaceae Not assessed Grass Triumfetta rhomboidea Se-hnap-suak Tiliaceae Not assessed Shrub Urena lobata Se-hnap Malvaceae Not assessed Shrub FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 3. Identified Bamboo, Orchids and Ferns in Sampling Area Name of the Species Common Family IUCN Status Remarks Adiantum phillippense Lungpui-sam Adiantaceae Not assessed Fern Aerides rosea Nauban Orchidaceae Not assessed Orchid Aglaomorpha coronans Tuai-bur Polypodiaceae Not assessed Fern Bambusa tulda Rawthing Poaceae Not assessed Bamboo Bulbophyllum lobbi Hnankhat Orchidaceae Not assessed Orchid Cyathea chinensis Kawk-pui Cyatheaceae Not assessed Tree fern Dendrobium chrysanthum Danghang Orchidaceae Not assessed Orchid Dendrobium falconeri Lenpatkungbawl Orchidaceae Not assessed Orchid Dendrobium formosum Nauban parvar Orchidaceae Not assessed Orchid Dendrobium nobile Nauban Orchidaceae Not assessed Orchid Dendrobium watti Nauban parvar Orchidaceae Not assessed Orchid Dendrocalamusdampaensis Dampa mau Poaceae Not assessed Bamboo Dendrocalamushamiltonii Phulrua Poaceae Not assessed Bamboo Dendrocalamuslongispathus Rawnal Poaceae Not assessed Bamboo Dicranopteris linearis Ar-thla-dawn Gleicheniaceae Not assessed Fern Dinochloa compactiflora Sairil Poaceae Not assessed Bamboo Drynaria quercifolia Tui bur suak Polypodiaceae Not assessed Fern Dryopteris sp. Katchatpui Polypodiaceae Not assessed Fern Lygodium flexuosum Dawnzempui Lygodiaceae Not assessed Fern Melocanna baccifera Mautak Poaceae Not assessed Bamboo Schizostachyum dullosa Rawthla Poaceae Not assessed Bamboo FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 4. Identified Birds in Sampling Area S. No Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status 1 White cheeked Partridge Arborophila atrogularis Near Threatened 2 Mountain bamboo Partridge Bambusicola fytchii Least Concern 3 Red jungle fowl Gallus gallus Least Concern 4 Striated heron Butorides stariata Least Concern 5 Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Least Concern 6 Mountain hawk eagle Nisaetus nipalensis Least Concern 7 Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Least Concern 8 Ashy-headed green pigeon Treron phayei Near Threatened 9 Wedge tailed green pigeon Treron sphennurus Least Concern 10 Mountain scops owl Otus spilocephalus Least Concern 11 Oriental scops owl Otus sunia Least Concern 12 Silver backed Needle tail Hirundapus cochinchi Least Concern 13 House swift Apus nipalensis Least Concern 14 Red head trogon Harpactes erythrocephalus Least Concern 15 Oriental dwarf kingfisher Ceyx erithaca Least Concern 16 Stork billed kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis Least Concern 17 Blue eared kingfisher Alcedo meneiting Least Concern 18 Blue beared bee eater Nyctyornis athertoni Least Concern 19 Indian roller Coracias benghalensis Least Concern 20 Eurasian hoopoe Epupa epops Least Concern 21 Great hornbill Buceros bicornis Near Threatened 22 Wreathed hornbill Aceros undulatus Least Concern 23 Great barbet Megalaima virens Least Concern 24 Grey capped woodpecker Dendrocopos canicapillus Least Concern 25 Rufous woodpecker Celeus brachyurus Least Concern 26 Pied falconet Microhierax melanoleucos Least Concern 27 Eurasian kestrel Falco tinnunculus Least Concern 28 Large woodshrike Tephrodornis gularis Least Concern 29 Short billed minivet Pericrocotus brevirostris Least Concern 30 Scarlet minivet Pericrocotus speciosus Least Concern 31 Grey backed shrike Lanius tephonotus Least Concern 32 Black hooded oriole Oriolus xanthornus Least Concern 33 Ashy drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Least Concern 34 Crow billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans Least Concern 35 Black naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea Least Concern 36 Common green magpie Cissa chinensis Least Concern 37 Large billed crow Corvus macrorhynchos Least Concern 38 Grey headed canary- Flycatcher Culicipa ceylonensis Least Concern 39 Black crested bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris Least Concern 40 Red vented bulbul cupwing Pycnonotus cafer Least Concern 41 Scaly breasted/pygmy Pnoepyga albiventer Least Concern 42 Grey billed Tesia Tesia cyaniventer Least Concern 43 Slaty bellied tesia Tesia olivea Least Concern 44 Yellow bellied warbler Abroscopus superciliaris Least Concern 45 Black faced warbler Abroscopus schisisticeps Least Concern 46 Yellow brown/Hume's Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus Least Concern Green Circle Inc. xii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 47 Eastern crowned leaf warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Least Concern 48 Golden spectacled warbler Seicerus burkii Least Concern 49 Blyth's reed warbler Acrocephalus dumoteum Least Concern 50 Wastern crowned warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis Least Concern 51 Thick billed warbler Phragmaticola aedon Least Concern 52 Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius Least Concern 53 Refescent prina Prinia rufescens Least Concern 54 Oriental white eye Zosteropus palpebrosus Least Concern 55 Pin striped tit Babbler Mixornis gularis Least Concern 56 Rufous-fronted Babbler Cyanordema rufirons Least Concern 57 White browed Scimitar- Babbler Pomatorhinus schisticeps Least Concern 58 Large scimitar babbler Megapomatorhinus hypoleucos Least Concern 59 Grey throated babbler Stachyris nigriceps Least Concern 60 White hooded babbler Gampsorhynchus rufulus Least Concern 61 Puff throated babbler Pellornum ruficeps Least Concern 62 Eyebrowed wren babbler Napothera epilepidota Least Concern 63 Nepal fulvetta Alcippe nipalensis Least Concern 64 White crested laughingthrush Garrulax leucolophus Least Concern 65 Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush Lanthocincla pectoralis Least Concern 66 Asian fairy bluebird Irena puella Least Concern 67 Brown breasted flycatcher Muscicapa muttui Least Concern 68 Oriental magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Least Concern 69 White tailed flycatcher Cornis concretus Least Concern 70 Verditer flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus Least Concern 71 Blue whistling thrush Myophonus caureleus Least Concern 72 Spotted forktail Enicurus maculatus Least Concern 73 Black backed forktail Enicurus immaculatus Least Concern 74 Siberian rubythroat Calliope calliope Least Concern 75 Little pied flycatcher Ficedula westermanni Least Concern 76 Rufous gorgeted flycatcher Ficedula strophiata Least Concern 77 White capped redstart Phoenicurus leucocephalus Least Concern 78 Blue rock- thrush Monticola solitarius Least Concern 79 Grey bushchat Saxicola ferreus Least Concern 80 Dark sided flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica Least Concern 81 Dark sided thrush Zootgera marginata Least Concern 82 Common hill myana Gracula religiosa Least Concern 83 Common myana Acridotheres tristis Least Concern 84 Golden fronted leafbird Chloropsisaurifrons Least Concern 85 Plain flowerpecker Dicaeum minullum Least Concern 86 Ruby cheeked sunbird Chalcoparis singalensis Least Concern 87 Little spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra Least Concern 88 Streaked spiderhunter Arachnothera magna Least Concern 89 Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Least Concern 90 Forest wagtail Dendronanthus indicus Least Concern 91 Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus Least Concern 92 Black stork Ciconia nigra Least Concern 93 Himalyan bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus Least Concern Green Circle Inc. xiii FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 5. Identified Mammals in Sampling Area Common Name Scientific Name Vernacular Name IUCN status Mammals Western Hoolock Hoolock hoolock Hauhuk Endangered gibbon Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Zawng Least Concern Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis Zo/Khan Zawng Not Threatened Stump tailed Macaca arctiodes Zawnghmaisen Vulnerable macaque Capped leaf Trachypithecus pileatus Ngau Vulnerable monkey Flying fox Pteropus giganteus Not known Least Concern Short-nosed fruit Cynopterus sphnix Not known Least Concern bat Rat-headed bat Tylonycteris pachypus Not known Least Concern House-mouse Mus musculus Not known Least Concern House rat Rattus rattus Not known Least Concern Jungle cat Felis chaus Sauak Least Concern 6. Identified Amphibians in Sampling Area Family Scientific Name IUCN Status Frogs Bufonidae Bufo melanostictus Least Concern Megophryidae Xenophrys parva Least Concern Ranidae Amolops marmoratus Least Concern Ranidae Rana danielli Least Concern Rhacophoridae Philautus sp. Least Concern Rhacophorus bipunctatus Least Concern Rhacophorus maximus Least Concern Green Circle Inc. xiv FEAR for T&D subprojects in Mammit District under NERPSIP in Mizoram 7. Identified Reptiles in Sampling Area Family Scientific Name IUCN Status Lizards Agamidae Draco sp. Least Concern Agamidae Draco maculates Least Concern Agamidae Ptyctolaemus gularis Not assessed Gekkonidae Gekko gecko Not assessed Scincidae Mabuya multifasciata Not assessed Snakes Colubridae Amphiesma xenura Not assessed Xenochrophis piscator Not assessed Viperidae Trimeresurus cf. stejnegri Not assessed Elapidae Bungarus fasciatus Least Concern 8. Identified Butterflies in Sampling Area Family Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status Butterflies Papilionidae Pailio paris Pari peacock Not assessed Graphium doson Common jay Not assessed Graphium xenocles Great zebra Not assessed Graphium megarus Spotted zebra Not assessed Papilio polytes Common Mormon Not assessed Graphium eurypylus Great Jay Not assessed Papilio castor Common mime Not assessed Papilio nephelus Yellow helen Not assessed Byasa dasarada Great windmill Not assessed Pieridae Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled emigrant Not assessed Catopsilia pomona Lemon emigrant Not assessed Eurema andersoni One spot grass yellow Not assessed Cepora nerissa Common gull Not assessed Appias indra Plain buffin Not assessed Delias pasithoe Red-base jezebel Not assessed Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow Not assessed Gandaca harina Tree yellow Not assessed Pieris canidia Asian cabbage white Not assessed Nymphalidae Apatura ambica Indian purple emperor Not assessed Mimathyma chevana Sergeant emperor Not assessed Athyma cama Orange staff sergeant Not assessed Symbrenthia hypselis Spotted jester Not assessed Euploea core Common crow Not assessed Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Not assessed Paranoia aglea Glassy tiger Not assessed Hesperiidae Iton semamura Common wight Not assessed Odontoptilum Chestnut angle Not assessed angulata Hasora vita Plain banded awl Not assessed Lambrix salsala Chestnut bob Not assessed Sarangesa dasahrara Common small flat Not assessed Green Circle Inc. xv FEAR for T&D subprojects in District District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Appendix B Public Consultation Green Circle Inc. i Photographs of Public Consultation held on 15th Sept’2014 at West Phaileng Photographs of Public Consultation held at Village Community Hall Phuldungsei on 18 th May 2017 FEAR for T&D subprojects in District District under NERPSIP in Mizoram Appendix C TOWER SCHEDULE Green Circle Inc. i