Republic of Yemen Ministry of Public Works and Highways Road Maintenance Fund Implementation Unit UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR PROJECT SERVICES (UNOPS) - YEMEN INTEGRATED URBAN SERVICES EMERGENCY PROJECT PHASE II ADDITIONAL FINANCING (YIUSEP II AF) Component 1 Service Restoration Sub-Component 1.3 Urban Roads Maintenance of Urban Road in Taiz City Sub-Project (Southern Entrance of Taiz City from Al Hawban towards Al Rahidah Lot 1) Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 11 May 2022 1 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Summary Sheet ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Sub-Project Description .................................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Scope of Work:........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Location: ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3. COVID-19 Sensitivity ..............................................................................................................10 2.4. Gender and Social -related issues: .........................................................................................10 2.5. Child Labor:.............................................................................................................................11 2.6. Gender: .....................................................................................................................................11 2.7. Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) .......................11 2.8. Legal and Institutional Framework of the Project ...............................................................12 2.8.1 World Bank Requirements Relevant to the project .................................................................12 2.8.2 Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines ...........................................................................12 2.9. National Requirements and Policies ......................................................................................13 2.9.1 National Environmental Action Plan ......................................................................................13 2.9.2 Environmental Protection Law ................................................................................................13 2.9.3 Environmental Protection Authority........................................................................................13 2.9.4 Environmental Impact Assessments ........................................................................................13 2.9.5 National Environmental Standards and Specifications ..........................................................13 2.9.6 Water Law .................................................................................................................................14 2.9.7 Labor .........................................................................................................................................14 3. Environmental and Social Baseline ...............................................................................................14 3.1. Climate and Weather ..............................................................................................................14 3.2. Geology and Soil characteristics.............................................................................................15 3.3. Hydrology and hydrogeology of the area (surface and ground water) ...............................16 3.4. Air Quality and Noise ..............................................................................................................16 3.5. Socioeconomic aspects of the Taiz governorate and Taiz city: ............................................16 3.5.1. Population ..........................................................................................................................16 3.6. Existing Situation of the Targeted Road ...............................................................................17 3.7. Resources and Services' access restriction ............................................................................19 4. Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment: ..........................................................................19 4.1. Applicability: .................................................................................................................... 19 4.2. Eligibility (Exclusion List) ............................................................................................... 19 2 4.3. Environmental and Social Screening Form: ................................................................. 20 5. Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures ....................................................22 5.1. Environmental and Social Impacts ................................................................................ 22 5.2. Environmental and Social Management Plan ............................................................... 23 6. Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: ................................................................................32 7. Public Consultations .......................................................................................................................40 7.1. Topics of the Consultations ............................................................................................. 40 7.2. Public Consultation Findings and Feedback ................................................................. 41 7.3. Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure ................................................. 41 7.4. Sustainability of Subproject ............................................................................................ 41 7.5. Consultation during implementation ............................................................................. 42 8. Grievance Mechanism GM .............................................................................................................42 8.1. Registering Complaints ................................................................................................... 43 8.2. Tracking, Investigating and Resolving Complaints ...................................................... 43 8.3. Grievance Categories ....................................................................................................... 44 8.4. Steps to handle GM.......................................................................................................... 44 9. Reporting of ESMP .........................................................................................................................45 Annex 1: Environmental and Social Requirements for Contractors ...............................................46 ESHS Training ...................................................................................................................................46 Construction Site Management ..........................................................................................................47 Health and Safety ...............................................................................................................................49 Road safety and Traffic Safety ...........................................................................................................52 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................................................53 Emergencies .......................................................................................................................................54 Stakeholder Engagement ....................................................................................................................54 Labor Force Management...................................................................................................................54 Contractor’s Environmental and Social Reporting .............................................................................56 Annex 2: GRM Complaint and Suggestion Form .............................................................................58 Annex 3: Samples of Public Consultation Questionnaires................................................................59 Annex 4: Community Framework Agreement between RMF-IU and the Community Committee 64 3 -This page is intentionally left blank- 4 Abbreviations BoQs Bill of Quantities C.B.R California Bearing Ratio in Soil Tests CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species C-ESMP Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan EHS Environmental, Health and Safety E&S Environmental and Social ESF Environmental and Social Framework of the World Bank ESHS Environment, Social (including labor), Health, and Safety ESIA Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESS Environmental and Social Standard ESSO Environmental and Social Safeguards Officer FCV Fragility, Conflict and Violence GBV Gender Based Violence GHS General Health and Safety Guidelines GIIP Good International Industry Practice GRM Grievance Mechanism GM Grievance Redress Mechanism GSM Global System for Mobile Communication HSSE Health, Safety, Social and Environment HLIW High Labor-Intensive Work IDA International Development Association IDPs Internally Displace Persons LDAs District Local Authorities LMP Labor Management Procedures LOE Level of Effort M.D.D Maximum Dry Density in Soil Tests OHS Occupational, Health and Safety PAP Project Affected People PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls P.I Plasticity Index in Soil Tests RF Resettlement Framework RMF-IU Road Maintenance Fund- Implementation Unit RoY Republic of Yemen SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SH Sexual Harassment SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan SMP Security Management Plan TPM Third Party Monitoring UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services YIUSEP Yemen Integrated Urban Services Emergency Project YIUSEP II Second Yemen Integrated Urban Services Emergency Project YIUSEP II AF Yemen Integrated Urban Services Emergency Project Phase II Additional Financing 5 Summary Sheet Yemen Integrated Urban Service Emergency Project Phase II (YIUSEP II AF), Component 1 Service Restoration, Sub-Component 1.3. Urban Roads. Sub-project Name and ID Number Southern Entrance of Taiz City from Al Hawban towards Al Rahidah Lot 1 IUS-AF-RMF-TAZ-005 Lot 1 Sub-project Location Urban Road in Taiz City Implementing Partner RMF-IU Estimated Investment USD 1,110,840 Proposed Class of Sub-project (Low to High): Moderate Date of the field visit January 2022 Consultation date. January 2022 men consultation and March 2022 women consultation. Observations/Comments Indicated below Signature of ESSO Date 6 1. Introduction After the success of YIUSEP I, UNOPS has received repeated requests from urban communities and the YIUSEP local implementation partners for additional support. This has led to the development of YIUSEP II. The overall objective of the YIUSEP II is to restore access to critical urban services in selected cities of Yemen where most of the conflict-related damage has occurred. YIUSEP II consists of the following components: ➢ Component 1: Service Restoration. This Component will finance the preparation and implementation of infrastructure investments. • Sub-Component 1.1: Tertiary Municipal Services and Solid Waste Management • Sub-Component 1.2: Urban Water and Sanitation • Sub-Component 1.3: Urban Roads • Sub-Component 1.4: Energy for Critical Services ➢ Component 2: Implementation Support and Capacity Development • Sub-Component 2.1: Project Implementation and Management Support • Sub-Component 2.2: Enhanced Capacity Building • Sub-Component 2.3: Third Party Monitoring ➢ Component 3: Contingent Emergency Response • Providing immediate response to an Eligible Crisis of Emergency, as needed. The project falls under component 1 service restoration, subcomponent 1.3 urban roads. The current ESMP for the Maintenance of Urban Road in Taiz City Sub-Project (Southern Entrance of Taiz City from Al Hawban towards Al Rahidah Lot 1) is prepared based on the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for YIUSEP II AF. The ESMF was prepared by United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), disclosed on 02 May 2021 regarding YISEP II and revised and disclosed again on 18 November 2021 to adopt the YIUSEP II AF 1 to meet the requirements of the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), UNOPS requirements and the national environmental laws and regulations requirements. The YIUSEP II AF ESMF will guide UNOPS and RMF-IU, to ensure that all sub-projects are prepared and implemented in accordance with the ESF requirements, including the preparation of sub-project specific Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP). For this purpose, the ESMF details how UNOPS and Road Maintenance Fund- Implementation Unit (RMF-IU) screen each sub-project to assess its environmental and social risks and impacts, identify the mitigation measures, and monitor ESMP implementation, most particularly the environmental and social performance as well as the occupational health and safety of sub-projects contractors. UNOPS has in parallel prepared a Labor Management Procedures (LMP) to meet the requirements of ESS2, and a GBV/SEA/SH Plan and a Security Management Plan (SMP) to meet the requirements of ESS4, a Resettlement Framework (RF) to meet the requirements of ESS5, and a Stakeholder 1 https://ye.unopsmr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Environmental-and-Social-Management-Framework-English.pdf 7 Engagement Plan SEP to meet the requirements of ESS10. The only relevant ESSs for this sub-project are ESS1, ESS2, ESS3, ESS4, ESS6 and ESS10. The ESS5 is not relevant because the subproject does not include any land acquisition, restrictions on land use, or involuntary resettlement as the interventions will be on an existing asphalted road. As a result, this sub- project will follow the requirements of the LMP for labor working conditions and OHS, the GBV action plan for any GBV issues, the SMP to manage any potential security risks, and SEP for consultation and information disclosure. The project is financed by the World Bank (grant from IDA), and implemented by UNOPS, in partnership with RMF-IU. 2. Sub-Project Description The sub-project is to rehabilitate a primary urban road in Taiz City as an entrance to the city (Southern Entrance). The activities will include spot and pothole repairs, crack sealing, patch works, and asphalt resurfacing, road safety improvement works and intersection rehabilitation. The sub-project is located in Taiz City starting in Al Hawban Roundabout, passing in some areas, such as Maslakah, Nasher, Al Sabrah and Ersam areas until ending in Naqil Al Ebil. The length of the subproject is 6500 meters with a width of 30 meters. It is a dual-lane with a median island. Some secondary roads branch from it. The road is a part of the primary road (Taiz-Aden Road). It passes in a flat terrain. It runs between economic activities at Al Hawban Roundabout for about two kilometers, then vacant lands with scatter shops on both sides. The economic activities in the beginning in Al Hawban Roundabout are for petty sellers, small shops, health care facilities, schools, mosques fuel stations, restaurants, steel and aluminum workshops and other small and medium enterprises. The main facilities located on the road are Doctors without Borders Hospital, Sam Fuel Stations, Nashor petroleum Station, 7th July School, Taiz Elite Health Center. The proximate number of the economic activities is around 260 varies between shops, cafeterias, steel and aluminum workshops, vehicale maintenance workshops and others. The intervention of the sub-project is limited to maintenance and rehabilitation of the deteriorated sections in the road. This intervention will contribute to increasing mobility and access, including supporting regeneration of economic activity, and improving road safety and surrounding environment. The selection of activities was based on the priority needs identified by UNOPS and RMF-IU in consultation with the District Local Authorities (DLAs) and local communities. The sub-project will be implemented through contracting and the implementation period is expected to be six months. It will provide opportunities during implementation for skilled and unskilled workers from local communities and IDPs. The rehabilitation work contract will maximize the use of manual labor to support local employment. The contractor will be responsible to protect its workers and communities during implementation and apply the ESSs mitigation measures and provide the required training, tools, and necessary PPEs for workers and protecting worksites. The number of direct and indirect beneficiaries who will be benefiting from this sub-project in general totaling of 3,623,189 persons of which 1,881,956 females and 1,741,234 males, who represent the estimated number of Taiz Governorate population in 2021. The direct beneficiaries are the inhabitants of the two districts (At Ta'iziyah District and Salah District) where the road passes with a total of 526,029 inhabitants (258,041 females and 267,988 males) who represent the estimated number of populations in the two districts in 2021. 8 2.1. Scope of Work: The sub-project work activities will include rehabilitation of the selected road in Taiz City following the existing footprint and pathway. The scope of work includes spot and pothole repairs, crack sealing, patch works, asphalt resurfacing, stone pavement, road safety works and intersection rehabilitation as follows: Potholes and Failure Repairs (Patching) The work will include removing of existing deteriorated asphalt layer, waste collection and disposal, bed preparation and repairing existing granular base course. Crack Sealing The work will include crack sealing using approved sealing material and using injection machine for (Longitudinal, transverse, reflective) cracks. Hot Mix AC for Leveling and Overlay The work will include providing and placing asphalt concrete leveling or overlay layer, hot mix asphalt concrete with 12 mm aggregate size and Provide and Apply Tack Coat -RC -250-Asphalt milling by using a self-propelled milling machine with depth grade and slope controls. Drainage and Structural Works The work will include precast concrete, providing and fixing class A concrete curb with removal and disposal of old damaged curbs, provide and fix tile, construct grouted riprap or repair the old one. Traffic Safety Works The work will include providing and placing: - Asphalt concrete standard speed bumps near schools, hospitals, universities as well as painting road markings (white and yellow thermoplastic reflected paint), - Road Cat Eyes (one and two face), - Directional and warning roads signs, - Guardrails and safety fences in addition to the following measures: â–ª Solve water logging or low drainage sections; â–ª Removal of accumulated waste and debris in the median islands (agriculture boxes) and sidewalks; â–ª Removal of accumulated wastes in the open channels, culverts and ditches in some targeted roads2; â–ª Rehabilitation of the deteriorated sections and implementation of asphalt layer with all necessary works; â–ª Planting trees with native noninvasive species in the median islands. 2.2. Location: The location of the sub-project is within Taiz City roads network. It composes of only one road. It is an asphalted road, the southern entrance to Taiz city. The targeted road track, specific location, coordinates are shown in the following table 1 and map of figure 1: 2 construction residues will be collected, transported and disposed to the authorized location in coordination with the local authorities. 9 Table 1: Subproject Name, Coordinates, Start Point and End Point, The Subproject ID & Length. Subproject Start Point End Point Length Width Road Name Gov. ID E N E N (m) (m) IUS- Southern Entrance AFRMF- of Taiz City from Taiz 44.093123° 13.610780° 44.126270° 13.569683° 6500 30 TAZ-006 Al Hawban towards lot 1 Al Rahidah Lot 1 Figure 1: Location map of the targeted road in Taiz City 2.3. COVID-19 Sensitivity The sub-project like other sectors will be under the risks of Covid-19 pandemic. The precautionary measures against Coronavirus were applied during the preparation period and it will be strictly applied in the sub-project worksites and workers accommodation place during implementation. The accommodation places for workers are usually rented houses used for rest because most of the workers are based in the same city. They are fully equipped with convent 3*5m rooms and ceramic toilets. Inspections are carried before implementation to check suitability of the accommodation, its location, protection, safety, etc. as well as inspection during implementation to inspect compliance with hygiene, water, and others. Awareness-raising will be conducted for all workers and engineers before and during implementation by RMF-IU and UNOPS. The awareness-raising plan of RMF-IU includes a 2-day training prior to implementation for all key personnel (contractor engineers and the supervision consultants) who in turn will convey the training for temporary workers. It is also planned to conduct 4 training sessions during implementation by RMF-IU safeguards specialists on Covid-19, OHS, and other ESS issues. Furthermore, the contractor will implement training and awareness-raising for workers before implementation and during implementation and the C-ESMP will highlight specific details of the training and awareness-raising plan. 2.4. Gender and Social -related issues: The beneficiaries, males and females, have been considered along with the other stakeholders in designing of the sub-project. Their views and needs are taken into consideration in all phases. The 10 consultations with men and women, which took place during January and March 2022 in Taiz city in the forms of face-to-face interviews, addressed the social issues including community needs, concerns, rights, and risks. The participants in consultations confirmed the selection priority needs. They showed their complete support for implementation. In fact, the sub-project will contribute to improving living standards, facilitate access to school, hospitals, markets, etc. The population of Taiz (women and men) including vulnerable groups, such as IDPs, persons with disabilities, marginalized people, and children will be benefiting from the sub-project. The interventions will generate positive impacts on livelihoods of the beneficiaries. The gender and social-related issues are also detailed in consultation section below. 2.5. Child Labor: Child labor is totally prohibited in the sub-project. No child labor will be hired in implementation and the contractors are forbidden to hire a person under the age of 18 years. The minimum age of workers has specified in the tender documents for contractors. A labor log including names, ages, and other details will be kept, and all workers will be registered. The contractor, RMF-IU and UNOPS will continuously monitor this issue. 2.6. Gender: RMF-IU has ensured gender equality as possible in the sub-project’s consultations and it is a core principle for all sub-projects. Gender mainstreaming is considered in all aspects of the sub-project cycle. Women and men were engaged in public consultations. Thirty-seven men and women were consulted by men and women on 19 January 2022 and 26-27 March 2022. The gender issues among others were discussed. They were informed about gender mainstreaming, rights, roles, and other important issues, such road safety and GM, GBV, etc. It was also listened to their concerns and feedback as they highlighted their support. The consultations emphasize the necessity of gender mainstreaming and women participation in implementation as possible. To facilitate recruitment of female workers, RMF/IU and UNOPS should allocate some suitable positions matching female nature and acceptable for communities, particularly in the administrative positions as well as to raise awareness of contractors in this regards. Thus, a community committee was established including men and women to participate in implementation monitoring and ensure sustainability as a part of gender mainstreaming. The gender mainstreaming and equality will be included in the training and awareness-raising and in implementation as possible. 2.7. Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) RMF-IU raised the awareness of community members for men and women on GBV & SEA during the public consultation process as well as on GM processes and how they can be used to report gender-based violence, gender discrimination and SH/SEA cases with the highest level of confidentiality and anonymity of complaints. The potential SEA/SH in the project may be represented by exploiting people for work for sex purposes. There also may be sextual harassment for the beneficiaries who use road during implementation. However, the likelihood of occurrence is low according to the past experience in such project. RMF-IU plans to conduct training for contractors and engineers about GBV, SH/ SEA and GM in the beginning of the implementation prior to the commencement date and it is expected to be in August 2022; there will be also trainings during implementation. They will be informed about national laws that make sexual harassment, abuse, and gender-based violence a serious and punishable 11 offense. The contracts with contractors will include Code of Conduct which will highlight the GBV, PSEA and SH. RMF-IU is currently preparing a policy for GBV, PSEA/SH. The GM of UNOPS and RMF-IU provide adequate channels and process for GBV issues. They encourage people to use GM for such issues as they ensure confidentiality. 2.8. Legal and Institutional Framework of the Project This ESMP is prepared to meet the requirements of the World Bank’s Environment and Social Standards (ESSs), including the World Bank Group Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines particularly the Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Toll Roads, in addition to roads construction guidelines related to land and businesses along the roads and other guidelines to comply with national environmental and social laws and regulations. 2.8.1 World Bank Requirements Relevant to the project The only relevant ESSs for this sub-project are ESS1, ESS2, ESS3, ESS4, ESS6 and ESS10. The ESS5 is not relevant because the subproject does not include to any land acquisition, restrictions on land use, or involuntary resettlement as the interventions will be on an existing asphalted road. ESS7, ESS8 and ESS9are excluded as well because no indigenous peoples, cultural heritage in the subproject area, or financial intermediaries may be affected and have relation in the subproject . 2.8.2 Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines The ESF also requires all projects to apply the relevant requirements of the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSGs). These are technical reference documents, with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) including the Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Toll Roads3. They define acceptable pollution prevention and abatement measures and emission levels in World Bank financed projects. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The application of the Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become project - or site-specific requirements. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in the EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. In the context of urban road subprojects, UNOPS and RMF-IU will use the General EHS Guidelines that cover environmental, occupational health and safety, and community health and safety related risks. 3 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/9c8cfb24-abbd-4ab4-ba63-84f94da02af7/Final%2B- %2BToll%2BRoads.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=nPtjJOQ&id=1323162564158 12 2.9. National Requirements and Policies The Republic of Yemen (RoY) has drafted policies, developed sectoral legislation and implementation procedures, established institutions responsible for environmental management, and joined international conventions. The ongoing conflict has considerably weakened the capacity of the assigned institutions to implement policies and existing laws. As a consequence, the use of Yemen’s environmental and social management framework is not considered for the Project. 2.9.1 National Environmental Action Plan The foundational document for environmental management in Yemen is the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) that the ROY prepared in 1995, with the support of the UNDP and the World Bank. The NEAP defines priority actions regarding key environmental issues such as water resources, land resources, natural habitats, and waste management. 2.9.2 Environmental Protection Law The Environmental Protection Law (Law 26/1995; EPL), was enacted in 1995 in the wake of the NEAP. It constitutes the framework environmental legislation for Yemen, including provisions for environmental protection, the issuance of permits, and the requirement to prepare Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). The provisions of the law are implemented through By-Law 148/000. 2.9.3 Environmental Protection Authority4 The EPL established an Environmental Protection Council (EPC)and granted it power to take all measures necessary to protect and improve the quality of environment and to prevent pollution of the environment. Decree 101/2005 established the Public Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to replace the EPC and lays down its objectives, tasks and management. 2.9.4 Environmental Impact Assessments The EPL requires the preparation of EIAs for projects proposed by the public and private sectors. The proponent is responsible to undertake the EIA, but the report may be prepared by the proponent or the competent authority or both. Line ministries and Government bodies commission EIA studies at the request of funding agencies and seek the advice of the EPA. The EPA is responsible for implementing screening procedures, assisting in scoping, evaluation and approval of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). However, there is still no regulatory framework to support the implementation of the EPL and the provision of undertaking EIAs for projects is not strictly enforced, particularly for projects that are not internationally funded. Given the current context, modifications to the EIA procedures are not expected during the project. Current procedures will be taken into account, but there is no expectation at this point that the EPA will review the Project’s safeguard instruments. 2.9.5 National Environmental Standards and Specifications The former Environment Protection Council (EPC) issued environmental standards and specifications as annexes to the Executive Regulations, covering potable water quality, wastewater quality for agriculture, and ambient air quality, emissions, noise, biodiversity and protected areas. These include standard application forms intended for use by all relevant government bodies. 4 The information regarding the Environmental Protection Authority is purely indicative, as the EPA will not play any role during Project implementation. 13 The EPC has released draft standards for wastewater quality and air quality but a comprehensive set of standards is not yet available. In their place international standards, primarily those of the World Health Organization (WHO) are used. 2.9.6 Water Law5 The Water Law (Law 33/2002, updated by Law 41/2006)) regulates water supply and sanitation. The structure of water sector institutions consists of two national-level ministries (MoWE and MAI) and an intermediate-level water authority (NWRA). According to the amended water law and its by-law, the MoWE/NWRA are jointly responsible for organizing and developing water resources. The MAI is responsible for formulating policies and legislation that regulate the use of the irrigation water in line with the national water policies and plans and under the umbrella of the National Water Sector Strategy and the Investment Program (NWSSIP). The MoWE is the lead ministry for the oversight of water resources and water service provision, including in rural areas. The MoWE also supervises local water companies/corporations (public utilities) and all water suppliers (including private) to the domestic and industrial sectors. 2.9.7 Labor The Labor Law (Law 5/1995) requires employers to address Occupational Health and Safety issues, including ventilation and lighting of workspaces; protection from emissions (gas, dust, etc.) hazards; protection from machine accidents and hazards; provision of gender-specific toilet facilities; provision of safe drinking water for workers; basic firefighting equipment and emergency exits; provision of appropriate personal protection equipment; fair compensation; access to periodic medical examinations; availability of first aid. The Labor Law regulates the rights and wages of workers, their protection, occupational health and safety. In addition, the Social Insurance Law regulates retirement compensation. 3. Environmental and Social Baseline This part is a description of the initial conditions in the sub-project prior to implementation. The sub- project is located within Taiz City which is located in the Yemeni southern highlands, at an elevation of about 1,400 meters (4,600 ft) above sea level. It is the capital of Taiz Governorate. It is the third largest city in Yemen after the capital Sana'a and the southern port city of Aden. It is away from the capital Sana’a by 256 km. Taiz ranks the first in terms of populations who represent about 12.2% o f Yemeni populations. It includes 23 districts. It is bordered by Hodeidah and Ibb governorates from north, parts of Lahj, Ad Dhalia’ and Ibb from east, Lahj governorate from south and Red Sea from west. The Environmental and Social baseline data provides description of the current conditions along the selected road including the climate and weather, air quality, noise and socio- economic aspects. 3.1. Climate and Weather The climate in Taiz is diverse. In the mountains and highlands, the climate is cold in winter and moderate in summer. While the lower parts of the Governorate are characterized by moderate climate in winter 5 Based on the National Water Sector Strategy and Investment Program (original NWSSIP, 2004), and Dire Straits: The Crisis Surrounding Poverty, Conflict, and Water in the Republic of Yemen (World Bank, 2017) 14 and warm to relatively hot in summer. The area located in western part of the governorate along the Red Sea coast is dry, warm in winter and hot in summer. The hot season lasts for 2.5 months, from May 3 to July 21, with an average daily high temperature above 29 C°. The cool season lasts for 2.4 months, from December 2 to February 13. The coldest month of the year is January. The average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences extreme seasonal variation over the course of the year. The clearer part of the year begins around September 27 and lasts for 7 months. The length of the day in Taiz varies over the course of the year. Taiz experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. The rainy period of the year lasts for 6.2 months, from March 30 to October 4, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days are centered around August 56. 3.2. Geology and Soil characteristics Yemen is classified into five main zones: the coast (Tihama), the Foothills, the Escarpment ("Serrat"), the Highlands and the Eastern Desert (seen from South and/ or North of Yemen ). The Escarpment is again divided into Lower, Middle and Higher Escarpment, the Highlands into Northern (Saada), Central (Sana'a) and Southern (the two basins of Ibb and Taiz). Moreover, there are several islands, the biggest ones being Socotra in the Gulf of Aden, Kamaran and Hanish in the Red Sea. The underlying geological strata in Taiz governorate are largely alluvial rocks created in the Quaternary by erosion of the nearby mountains. There is exposure of granite with quartz dykes in Gabal Saber Mountain. The soils are generally sandy to silty and loamy in coastal plains area. Soil erosion that caused by run-off and/or winds is often serious. Sand and dust storms across the lowlands and highlands, promote soil erosion. The topography of Taiz city and surrounding areas, in general, is mountains, hills, steep slopes, undulating eroded lands with major wadis, and plains and loess covering Al-Janad Plateau. The elevation of these features varies from 750 m to 3000 m above sea level. The Quaternary and Recent deposits in the area are mainly of silts, clays, sands, gravels, cobbles and volcanic soil of residual origin (Janardhana and Al-Qadhi. 2016)7. Specifically, the soil characteristics/ pavement layers (Basecourse and Subbase) in the Al Hawban roundabout and surrounding areas according the geotechnical test conducted by RMF-IU as follows: Basecourse layer (M.D.D8 2.181, C.B.R9 82, PI10 13) and Subbase (M.D.D 2.207, C.B.R 65, PI 14). The following table shows the results of the geotechnical test: Table 2: Soil geotechnical test in the subproject area Test results Type of sample M.D. Los Gradation C.B.R P.I D Angeles Base course Well 2.181 82 13 25 6 https://weatherspark.com/y/103107/Average-Weather-in-Ta%E2%80%98izz-Yemen-Year-Round 7 https://www.academia.edu/34829120/Assessment_and_geospatial_distribution_mapping_of_fluoride_concentrations_in_the _groundwater_of_Al_Howban_Basin_Taiz_Yemen 8 MDD: Maximum Dry Density 9 CBR: California Bearing Ratio 10 PI: Plasticity Index 15 Subbase Well 2.207 65 14 3.3. Hydrology and hydrogeology of the area (surface and ground water) Based on the field visits to Taiz sub-project region, it was found that no systems are used for water harvesting because the subproject is located in urban areas. The water resources are mainly from wells. However, in rural areas, there are several harvesting systems used. Direct discharge to terraces from mountain tops roads located on mountain slopes are used to accumulate rainwater runoff. It is an established practice that farmers construct simple water harvesting structures with available local material on the existing tracks to divert rainwater runoff to terraces. In the irrigation system, locals use diversion channels to divert water from catchments areas in rural areas. Farmers use local materials to build those channels used during rainfall when water is in abundance. The main resource for drinking water in this city and adjacent areas is Al-Hawban Basin; groundwater represented by tube wells. It was noticed that there are only three wells using pumping system at distances between 150-350 meters from the targeted road. The depth of wells varies between 300-500 meters. The quality of groundwater is characterized by high levels of fluoride concentrations. Fluoride average concentration ranges from 0.85 mg / L as a minimum value in the samples taken from Al-Dabab to 2.83 mg / l as a maximum value of the samples taken from Central region. 82.76% and 75% of the groundwater samples respectively in Central and Al-Hawban area containing fluoride concentration that exceed the WHO drinking water guidelines value of 1.5 mg/l according to the International Journal of Recent Research (2016). More specifically, the maximum, minimum and average of fluoride concentration in At Aaiziyah District in which the subproject passes through are 10, 1.08 and 3.38 mg/l respectively according to NWRA and UNDP11. 3.4. Air Quality and Noise Based on field visit, it was noticed that the air quality along the selected road sub-project is moderate. one point of air pollution (Al Hawban Roundabout) was noticed where the road pavement is deteriorated causing dust emission. The emission from transportation vehicles is also a source of air pollutions in addition to the economic activities along the road. Likewise, the noise is caused by traffic volume as well as the commercial activities. 3.5. Socioeconomic aspects of the Taiz governorate and Taiz city: 3.5.1. Population The data presented in Table 4 shows that the total population of districts benefiting from the project reaches 1,808,519 inhabitants (2014 estimations). Table 3: Population and Settlements of Taiz Governorate - (2021 estimated) No. of Total Total Population 2021 Area No. of Districts Household Populatio km2 Male Female Total s in 2004 n 2004 10,32 23 367,727 2,393,404 1,741,234 1,881,956 3,623,189 4 11 http://www.nwrayemen.org/uplaod/pdf/fluoride_inTaiz[1].pdf 16 Data Source: Central Statistics Organization 2004 3.6. Existing Situation of the Targeted Road The road condition is deteriorated in different sections particularly in the beginning in Al Hawaban Roundabout towards Al Rehidah. The asphalt layer is about disappear in this section. Many scattered potholes, cracks, raveling, and corrugation are on the pavement. The road layer lacks backlog maintenance. The asphalt layer is old although it is a primary arterial road connecting Taiz with southern governorates (Lahj and Aden). The Asphalt layer of the road is corroded in the edges. The median island is also deteriorated and partially planted in some sections. There is waste in some locations along the road. The ditches are full of waste and weeds that obstruct drainage. They need to be cleaned. The condition of the road (as depicted in the photos below) cause slow movements for vehicles, delay access to markets and services especially in Al Hawban Roundabout even though the width of the road is 30 m. General Views of the selected sub-project (Southern Entrance of Taiz City from Al Hawbab towards Al Rahidah lot 1 Start Point and Deteriorated Asphalt Layer Deteriorated section Deteriorated median island and pavement Sample of corroded asphalt 17 Sample of potholes Waste and weeds in ditches Waste on asphalt Rutting on asphalt layer Rutting on asphalt layer Rutting and shoving 18 3.7. Resources and Services' access restriction The sub-project implementation will not cause restrictions for the services or resources. The implementation will follow measures to avoid complete closure to the road. The works will be implemented section by section, shortening implementation periods, in addition to other mitigation measures, such as informing the public about implementation schedules. There will be close coordination with local authorities and communities to ensure smooth implementation and to avoid any potential impacts on services and resources access. To be more specific, the nature of intervention will not cause complete closure to the road as it will be section by section and this will be also adopted in the contractor traffic plan. There will be strict control and management for traffic by arranging detours and alternate bypass for traffic and roadside residences & businesses for each site using traffic cones, barriers, fences, or lights as appropriate in coordination with traffic officers and according to the work and traffic plan provided by the contractor (C-ESMP) and approved by UNOPS and RMF-IU. There will also be an action plan which includes arrangements for each section. The contractor will not start any maintenance activities only after the plans are approved by RMF-IU and UNOPS and the installation of traffic safety and control safeguards. There will also be specific pedestrian pathways which will let people access services near worksites. 4. Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment: 4.1. Applicability: The ESMF applies because the sub-project is likely to have direct or indirect environmental or social impacts. 4.2. Eligibility (Exclusion List) The sub-project is eligible for support because it does not have any of the attributes in the following exclusion list: Table 4: Exclusion List # Statement Yes No Production or activities involving harmful or exploitative forms of forced 1 X labor/harmful child labor; Production or trade in any product or activity deemed illegal under host country laws 2 X or regulations or international conventions and agreements; 3 Production or trade in weapons and munitions; X 4 Gambling, casinos and equivalent enterprises; X 5 Trade in wildlife or wildlife products regulated under CITES; X 6 Production or trade in radioactive materials; X 7 Production or trade in or use of un-bonded asbestos fibers; X 8 Production or trade in wood or other forestry products from unmanaged forests; X 9 Production or trade in products containing PCBs; X Production, trade, storage, or transport of significant volumes of hazardous chemicals, X 10 or commercial scale usage of hazardous chemicals; 19 11 Production or trade in pharmaceuticals subject to international phase outs or bans; X 12 Production or trade in pesticides / herbicides subject to international phase outs or bans; X 13 Production or trade in ozone depleting substances subject to international phase out; X Production or activities that impinge on the lands owned, or claimed under X 14 adjudication, by indigenous peoples, without full documented consent of such people; 15 Power plants; X Large-scale transport infrastructure such as highways, expressways, urban metro- X 16 systems, railways, and ports; 17 Investments in extractive industries; commercial logging; X Dams, or projects involving allocation or conveyance of water, including inter-basin X 18 water transfers or activities resulting in significant changes to water quality or availability; Activities that would significantly convert natural habitats or significantly alter X 19 potentially important biodiversity and/or cultural resource areas; Activities that would require the relocation of residential households and/or significant X 20 involuntary land acquisition; or 21 Activities in disputed areas. X 4.3. Environmental and Social Screening Form: RMF/IU used the following form to screen for the potential environmental and social risks and impacts for the selected sub-project under ESMF of the YIUSP II AF. The risk level is moderate which required the preparation of the current ESMP. It does not require the preparation of ESIA as detailed in the ESMF or RAP as detailed in the RF because there is no need for land acquisition as the sub-project will be rehabilitation and maintenance of an existing path of road in its own footprints. There will be no resettlement or displacement under this sub-project. However, site specific impacts that may be triggered are noise, dust emission, traffic, waste and safety. The corresponding mitigation measures for potential impacts are included in this ESMP and the environmental and social requirements for contractors will be included in the tender documents and contracts. All environmental, social, health and safety mitigation measures will be included in the contracts. In addition, BoQs priced items for environmental and social safeguards including OHS will be included in the tender documents and contracts. Table 5: Environmental and Social Screening Form Southern Entrance of Taiz City from Al Hawban towards Al Sub-Project Name and ID Rahidah Lot 1 (IUS-AF-RMF-TAZ- 005 Lot 1) Sub-project location Taiz City, from Al Hawban towards Al Rahidah (6500 m) Implementing Partner RMF-IU Estimated Investment USD 1,110,840 Was the site visited beforehand Yes Estimated Start/Completion Date From July, 2022 to February, 2023 Observations/Comments Indicated below Signature of ESSO Signature of Program Manager 20 Answer Due diligence/ Question Yes No ESS relevance Actions Does the sub-project involve civil works X ESS1 ESMP, SEP, including new construction, expansion, Traffic Plan, C- upgrading or rehabilitation of existing ESMP infrastructure? Does the sub-project involve land acquisition X SEP and/or restrictions on land use? Is the sub-project associated with any external ESS3 ESMP, SEP waste management facilities such as a sanitary X landfill, incinerator, or wastewater treatment plant? Does the sub-project have an adequate system in ESS1, ESS3 ESMP place (capacity, processes and management) to X address waste? Does the sub-project involve the recruitment of ESS2 LMP, SEP workers including direct, contracted, primary X supply, and/or community workers? Does the sub-project have appropriate OHS ESS2 LMP procedures in place, and an adequate supply of X PPE (where necessary)? Does the sub-project have a GM in place, to ESS10, ESS2, SEP LMP, which all workers have access, designed to X ESS1 ESCP respond quickly and effectively? Does the sub-project involve use of security or military personnel during construction and/or X ESMP, SEP operation of healthcare facilities and related activities? Does the Sub-project establish and implement an appropriate quality management system to anticipate and minimize risks and impact that X ESS4 ESMP, SEP services may have on community health and safety? Does the sub-project apply the concept of universal access where technically and X ESS4 ESMP, SEP financially feasible? Is the sub-project located within or in the X ESMP, SEP vicinity of any ecologically sensitive areas? Is the sub-project located within or in the X ESMP, SEP vicinity of any known cultural heritage sites? Does the sub-project area present potential X ESS2, ESS4, ESMP, SEP, Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual ESS10 LMP Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) risk? 21 5. Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5.1. Environmental and Social Impacts Implementing the rehabilitation and maintenance works of this sub-project will defiantly have positive environmental and social impacts represented mainly by improve the road pavement condition, improve access to services and upgrading the environmental condition toward climate change and resilience. However, there will be temporary, and localized negative but controlled impacts. The selection of the activities takes into consideration sustainability, climate change and resilience and priority needs identified in consultations with Local Authorities (LDAs) and local communities. The sub-project will maximize the use of manual and local labor (High Labor-Intensive Work-HLIW) to support local communities and IDPs. The potential impacts associated with the maintenance activities of the sub- project were identified based on the ESMF general and specific impacts as well as based on the specific road characteristics, screening checklist and the expected intervention. The field visits to the sub-project sites were conducted during January and March 2022. Screening checklist was prepared as shown above. The start and end points, landmarks and photos of the sub- project are shown and listed above. Some negative impacts may be triggered during the implementation of the sub-project. Since there are civil works, there will be impacts associated with waste production, noise, air pollution, and OHS and public safety. There are risks of accidents during the maintenance for those using the roads as well as communities living or working in the subprojects' areas unless safety measures are in place. Air pollutions may be caused due to excavation works, but it is expected to be minor, short term, localize due to the nature and scope of activities. Little noise from subprojects rehabilitation is expected during implementation due to the use of heavy equipment. The impacts vary from minor to moderate localized and temporary. The subproject does not involve any land acquisition and/ or restrictions on land use. There are potential impacts related to generation and disposal of debris and waste, so this document includes waste management plan to deal with all issues related to waste from waste generated from the maintenance activities until disposal in coordination with local authorities and landfill management. Moreover, the subproject has an adequate system in place to address waste represented by capacity, process and management. The subproject involves recruitment of workers as it will be implemented by a contractor who will hire workers. The prepared LMP includes all the details in this regard. Furthermore, the subproject has appropriate OHS procedures in place so that the contractor is going to prepare C-ESMP and appoint an OHS officer for the subproject as well as supply adequate PPE. RMF-IU and UNOPS have strong monitoring and inspection on daily, weekly and monthly basis to ensure complete compliance particularly to OHS measures. For the GM, this subproject has GM in place; the contractor will raise his workers awareness on GM and will place a complaint box for workers. In addition, RMF-IU and UNOPS have GM system to increase access to GM. The subproject has established and implemented an appropriate quality management system to minimize risks and impacts those services may have on community and safety; RMF-IU has close coordination with local authorities and plans to establish community / beneficiary committee to facilitate implementation and enhance coordination with utilities. The subproject applies the concept of universal access as it aims to facilitate access to services, provide labor opportunities to locals, enhance climate change resilience. Although there is an IBA in Taiz governorate, the subproject may not cause any adverse impacts on birds even the vegetation cover since it will be implemented within Taiz City on the existing road footprint. Ultimately, the subproject presents potential GBV and SEA/SH, but these issues are very low to occur due to the local culture and social context. Since the subproject involves civil works, the most potential negative impacts are related to 22 temporary disruption of traffic activities and traffic congestion and minor impact is expected represented by disruption of economic activities. To response quickly and effectively to any GM and feedback, RMF-IU and UNOPS have adequate systems for GM in place. In addition, the subproject may trigger social negative impacts GBV and SEA/SH, but the possibility of occurrence is limited. These highlighted potential impacts will be addressed and mitigated by the necessary matching mitigation measures and full implementation of this Environmental and Social Management Plan. However, rehabilitation of this road will bring many positive impacts, such as upgrading the pavement to good conditions, prevention of further deterioration, improving drainage, environment, health and safety conditions, reduce dust emissions, enhance economic activities, and improve traffic movement For the potential risks and impacts associated with labors, discrimination in employment can occur in the workplace in various ways, such as paid less, disproportionate selection and termination and in appropriately treated. There are also potential risks on child labor, SEA and SH.as well as OHS and Covid-19 infections. The subproject will also provide an improved environment for area dwellers, creation of local employment through road maintenance and rehabilitation works and local economic development. The subproject is not expected to impact local biodiversity or the IBA since it is located on an existing road pathway within an already built environment in Taiz city. However proper management of waste and chemicals. if any, should be maintained in order to not contaminate runoffs and potential consumption by animals especially urban wildlife. 5.2. Environmental and Social Management Plan UNOPS and RMF-IU will ensure mitigation for the potential impacts by including environmental and social clauses and requirements in the contracts and ensure that contractors’ personnel are familiar with such clauses, as well as requiring contractors to comply with the World Bank Environmental, Social Health and Safety (ESHS) Guidelines and National Labor Law (Decree 5/1995) and applicable International Labor Organization conventions on workplace conditions. The following table includes the mitigation measures for the main generic related impacts: 23 Table 6: Environmental and Social Management Plan Potential impact Mitigation measures Implementation Monitoring Cost responsibility responsibility Community Health and Safety Temporary disruption of economic - Inform and coordinate with the local councils and traffic authority, public and Contractor Contractor, BOQ Items. activities, including traffic and roadside residents on the implementation schedule and the GM channels. RMFIU, Mandatory congestion due to road closure and - Shorten implementation period. UNOPS and (Contractual detours. - Carryout road maintenance in sections. TPM Obligation) - Accelerate the rehabilitation activity and open up the site as soon as possible. - Control and manage traffic, by arranging detours and alternate bypass for traffic and roadside residences & businesses for each site using traffic cones, barriers, fences, or lights as appropriate in coordination with traffic officers and according to the work plan provided by the contractor (C-ESMP) and approved by UNOPS City Engineer and RMF-IU. - The contractor should not start any maintenance activities before the installation of traffic safety and control safeguards. - Maintaining corridors for access to economic activities Public safety during the - Conduct management and safety plan for maintenance and rehabilitation activities. Contractor Contractor, BOQ Items. rehabilitation phase. - Install warning signs near and around the working sites. RMFIU, Mandatory - Erect removable barriers in high risk; UNOPS and (Contractual - Provide and maintain required barricades, guards, fencing, shoring, temporary TPM Obligation) roadways, footpaths, lighting and traffic flagging. - Protect workers and the public by covering openings and by protected fencing, barricaded and guardrails. - Protect proper shielding scaffolds. Low aesthetic value of landscape - Replant the damaged and dry trees with native non-invasive trees in the median Contractor Contractor, BOQ’s such as accumulation of waste and island and sub-project area, which are available well in local nurseries in Taiz. RMFIU, Items. debris in the rehabilitation site and - Remove the accumulated wastes and debris in the work site and median island. UNOPS and Mandatory damaged curbs and tiles. - Reconstruct the damaged curbs, tiles. TPM - Rehabilitated sites must be cleaned when work is completed. 24 The risk of influx of non-local - Verify that local manual labor is hired from the sub-project area to provide work Contractor, Contractor, Mandatory manual labor and risk of GBV and opportunities for local communities and to avoid non-local labor influx as possible. UNOPS, and RMFIU, SEA. RMF-IU UNOPS and TPM - Contractors must address the risk of gender-based violence, SEA and SH through: Contractor/ Contractor, o Mandatory and repeated training and awareness-raising for the workforce Resident RMFIU, about refraining from unacceptable conduct toward local community Engineer / UNOPS and Sexual harassment, abuse, gender- members, specifically women. Community TPM based violence, and discrimination o Informing workers about national laws that make sexual harassment and Committee / gender-based violence a punishable offense that is prosecuted. Gender Focal o Introducing a Worker Code of Conduct as part of the employment contract, Point and including sanctions for non-compliance (e.g., termination). o Set up a solid GM and code of conduct and contractual provisions to prevent Mandatory the act of GBV and SEA. o Adopting a policy to cooperate with law enforcement agencies in investigating Lack of workers awareness and complaints about gender-based violence. knowledge on social safeguard - Contractor and workers to sign the code of conduct and ensure workers respect and issues on gender, SEA and GBV. adhere to the code of conduct. - Conduct regular awareness session on site in GBV prevention. - GM system is in place to handle any issues on Gender SEA and GBV and such cases should be reported to the WB within 48 hours. Complaints Handling - A complaints register will be kept on site and this will feed into the GM. Details of Contractor Contractor, Mandatory complaints received will be incorporated into the audits as part of the monitoring UNOPS, and RMFIU, process. RMF-IU UNOPS and TPM External stakeholder engagement: - Highlights, including formal and informal meetings, and information disclosure and Contractor, Contractor, Mandatory dissemination—to include a breakdown of women and men consulted and themes UNOPS, and RMFIU, coming from various stakeholder groups, including vulnerable groups (e.g., RMF-IU UNOPS and disabled elderly, children, etc.). TPM Poor coordination, planning and - Coordinate with local councils, beneficiary committee, and other competent Contractor Contractor, Mandatory sequencing of work could lead to utilities authorities. RMFIU, and the breakdown of unseen - Inspection of site to clearly identify any electrical hazards or other utility lines/ UNOPS 25 underground services networks networks damages in the area of cutting. (electric power cables, telephone - Use the designs and plans of the underground networks in coordination with lines, water distribution networks). competent authorities/ utilities to identify the location of the underground pipes and cables. - Repair pipes, cables and any other services damaged by the maintenance and rehabilitation activities. - The contractor should coordinate with the Traffic Department to prepare a Traffic Management Plan for traffic detours to ensure traffic transfers are smoothly managed for each street/ work area with a clear plan and an engineering scheme. - Protect underground service work implementation. - Backfill service trenches as soon as possible after the service has been maintained and if possible, on the same working day. The risk of employing children in - Verify that all workers are older than 18 when hiring; Contractor, Contractor, Mandatory work activities - Exclude all persons under the age of 18. RMF-IU and RMFIU, - Review and retain copies of verifiable documentations (National ID, Passports, UNOPS UNOPS and etc.) concerning the age of workers. TPM General Environmental Impacts Air pollution due to emissions from - Use well-maintained equipment. Contractor Contractor, BOQ Items. vehicles and equipment. - Spray water for dust control when needed and ensure spraying it efficiently to RMFIU, and Mandatory Dust generation during maintenance avoid wasting water. Water spraying can be carried out by using greywater if UNOPS (Contractual work’s excavation, backfilling, and available or collected rainwater if possible. Obligation) compaction of the pavement layers - Reduce the amount of water used to control dust, and use sweeping practices rather than washing. - Conducting cleaning activities away from drainage structures - Reduce dust generation due to cutting work by spraying water when needed and avoiding spraying water where electrical live lines are presented. - Covering trucks which transport waste and construction materials. - Properly and regularly maintain machinery to minimize exhaust emissions, suspended particulates and fumes, in particular by ensuring that the engine, injection system and air cleaners are in good condition. - Ensure turning off vehicles and machineries when not in used to reduce NOx and CO and PM emissions from machineries and vehicles used. 26 Increased levels of noise and - Use well-maintained equipment. Contractor Contractor, Mandatory vibration due to heavy vehicles and - Use operational noise mufflers. RMFIU, and (Contractual equipment, which may be a - Limit noisy activities to normal daylight hours. UNOPS Obligation) nuisance to the community around - Limit vehicle speed at critical locations. the maintenance sites. - Ensure turning off machineries and vehicles when not in use Production and disposal of debris - Apply proper waste Management Plan as shown below. Contractor Contractor, BOQ Item. and wastes from maintenance and - All stored waste will be at designated isolated areas and will be well covered. RMFIU, and Mandatory rehabilitation. - Work waste such as soil residues, stone- reshaping residues, empty cement/concrete UNOPS bags will be collected and stored in specific location daily with ensuring that the collected area does not cause any access restriction and will be stored away from runoff zones - Disposal approaches will be Selected consistent with the characteristics of the waste and local regulations in coordination with the local authority. - All solid waste will be transported to designated landfills areas which are officially licensed. Hazardous material and waste - Store hazardous materials (i.e., paint) and waste according to its Material Safety Contractor Contractor, Mandatory handling Data Sheet (MSDS). RMFIU, and - Store paint or any suspected hazardous material away from runoff zones and soil UNOPS and at properly insulated areas - Use PPEs when using paint cement and/ or other chemicals if any. - Handling of chemicals should be done by trained workers. - Ensure proper waste disposal by certified contractors - Changing the oil of vehicles in the - Avoid any leakage or spillage of oil in worksite through changing oil at designated Contractor Contractor, Mandatory worksites. sites that are insulated from the soil to prevent leakage. RMFIU, and - Avoid refueling a gasoline vehicle or changing lubricants in worksite but at UNOPS designated sites. - Carry a spill prevention kit in case of leakage and ensure removal of leaks right away. Soil/ groundwater/ runoff - Pave in dry weather to prevent runoff of asphalt or cement/concrete materials/paint Contractor Contractor, Mandatory contamination and avoid working during rainy days or rainy seasons RMFIU, and - Cover storm drain inlets and manholes during paving operations UNOPS 27 - Conduct cleaning activities away from drainage structures - Properly store all types of waste and hazardous chemicals if any in insulated areas to avoid spillage and away from runoff areas and soil Remove spills if any regularly and immediately - Ensure cement/concrete mixing if any is done at designated insulated areas away from soil, and water drains. - Ensure hazardous chemicals and waste, if any, are stored, handled and disposed of according to their Material Safety Data Sheets. - Construction waste should be stored and handled in designated areas away from the soil and water runoffs. - Ensure no clogged runoffs/drainage zones. Impact from mismanagement of - Follow all measures provided in air, noise, soil, groundwater runoff, hazardous Contractor Contractor, Mandatory waste and pollution materials and all types of wastes management. RMFIU, UNOPS and TPM Blockage of culverts, drainage - Clean and maintain drainage structures. Contractor Contractor, BOQ’s Item. ditches, storm water catchment basin - Provide adequate drainage works. RMFIU, Mandatory and channels. UNOPS and TPM Water logging due to inefficient - Keeping trenches and excavations free of water. Contractor Contractor, BOQ’s Item. drainage for surface runoff in some - Dewatering surface water if needed using water vacuum mobile tankers. RMFIU, Mandatory locations or shallow water. - Provide adequate and efficient drainage for surface runoff. UNOPS and TPM Disruption of environment due to - Ensure that construction materials are brought from licensed sources in the same Contractor Contractor, BOQ Item. uncontrolled sources of construction area and transported in licensed trucks with controlled load and well contained and RMFIU, Mandatory materials. covered. UNOPS and TPM Occupational Health and Safety Work related accidents and injuries - Maintain insurance coverage for workers in sub-project sites according to the Contractor Contractor, BOQ Items. requirements and conditions of insurance in the bidding documents which should RMFIU, Mandatory comply with labor law, UNOPS and the World Bank requirements. UNOPS and - Provide occupational health and safety (OHS) training to all employees involved in TPM 28 works. - Provide protective equipment (masks, safety helmets, goggles, shoes) and overall safety materials as appropriate. - Provide workers in high noise areas with earplugs or earmuffs. - Ensure availability of first aid boxes/kits. - Following driving safety instructions, i.e., trained drivers to follow and strictly respect speed limits, using well maintained trucks. - Heavy equipment must be inspected on daily basis to ensure their conditions and detect any failures. - The contractor shall maintain a flagman for heavy equipment in work sites. - The contractor shall prepare emergency plan with the C-ESMP to address OHS emergency. - Add warning signs at a safe distance from the targeted road sections to warn drivers about the rehabilitation work and to prevent them from running into workers while doing their work. - No explosives should be used in the project or activities related to the project. - Avoid working in extreme environments/weathers - Prepare detailed traffic plan Risk to workers from hazardous - Train workers regarding the handling of hazardous materials and waste. Contractor Contractor, Mandatory material used for work, such as fuel, - Store hazardous materials and waste as per their MSDSs and the national and RMFIU, lubricating oil, paints and international laws and guidelines including the World Bank and UNOPS UNOPS and chemicals. Environmental Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. TPM - Ensure workers working on cleaning open channels and culverts rehabilitation are equipped with proper PPEs - Ensure workers dealing with cement or concrete and paint are equipped with proper PPEs - Ensure availability of fire extinguishers and usage know how. - Clear identification, labelling, storage, no smoking sign. Poor onsite sanitation or water - Provide workers with access to toilets through renting toilets and/ or contracting Contractor Contractor, Mandatory supply, leading to illness and with public toilets close to the working sites, or mobile toilets at working sites. RMFIU, disease. - Provide potable drinking water through distributing drinking water containers for UNOPS and all working sites TPM - In case of mobile toilets, ensure that they are properly insulated and located away 29 from drainage and runoff zones. - Ensure all surfaces are free from oil, grease, dirt, bird droppings or any other contaminants, particularly soluble contaminants. - Provide and implement safety precautions onsite during implementation of the sub- project. - Ensure good housekeeping practices Risk of Manual Handling - Avoid the need for manual handling as possible. Contractor Contractor, BOQ Item. - Reduce the load risk by using lighter weights or more stable containers. RMFIU, Mandatory - Reorganize the activity to further reduce the impact on the individual(s). UNOPS and - Utilize mechanical lifting aids or equipment as appropriate. TPM - Ensure appropriate rest breaks, job rotation and training for workers. - Provide personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, foot protection, and non-slip footwear). - Avoid working in extreme environments/weathers - The employment of all project workers be based on the principles of non- UNOPS, RMF- Contractor, Mandatory discrimination and equal opportunity and no discrimination is allowed with respect IU, Contractors RMFIU, to any aspects of the employment relationship, including recruitment, and workers UNOPS and compensation, working conditions and terms of employment, access to training, TPM Discrimination in employment can promotion, or termination of occur in the workplace in various employment. ways - Rely on the relevant provisions of the Yemeni Labor Code where match ESS2 requirement, most particular Article 42 regarding the equal employment confections for women, and Articles 43-47 defining special measures to address the vulnerabilities of women workers. - Ensure adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures by all workers. Contractor/ Contractor, Mandatory - Ensure face masks are available and used by all workers. workers RMFIU, - Ensure awareness sessions are conducted on COVID-19 with all workers. UNOPS and COVID-19 spread causing illnesses - Ensure availability of hygiene kits, soap, clear water, and hygiene etiquettes are TPM followed. - Ensure social distancing is applied in the worksite. Specific Mitigation Measures 30 Operation and maintenance: Lack - Maintenance is required to ensure sustainability of this project. Local Authority Local Local of maintenance - Ensure maintenance of Right of Way authority Authority. - Planting native non-invasive trees and maintaining them regularly Beneficiaries - Avoid using chemical herbicides and use mechanical or biological control measures for plants in median islands where trees will be planted - Selection of application technologies and practices designed to reduce unintentional drift or runoff - Inform the locals on maintenance periods and ensure providing alternative road access during maintenance work - Ensure mitigation measures will be applied during operation and maintenance activities Table 6: Waste Management Plan Implementation Monitoring and Potential impact Mitigation measures Cost responsibility Reporting Production and Loading: Contractor RMF-IU and UNOPS BOQ item. disposal of â—? Properly collect and load the debris and domestic waste using Site Engineers/ Mandatory rehabilitation well maintained equipment to suitable trucks with suitable Environmental, Social work’s debris load and put more emphasis on the safeguard’s requirements. and OHS Specialists and waste Solid wastes should be stored in designated zones and away and Contractor’s materials. from drains and runoff zones. Safety Officers. â—? Hazardous waste should be separated from solid waste, and should be handled, stored and disposed of according to their MSDSs. Storage of hazardous waste should be at designated inaccessible sites to non-designated persons and at well insulated zones, away from runoff/drains â—? The contractor should continuously remove the waste immediately and transfer it to the approved disposal site. Transportation: Contractor RMF-IU and UNOPS BOQ Item â—? Properly transport the loaded wastes and debris and hazardous Site Engineers/ Mandatory waste (separately) by suitable trucks with emphasis to cover Environmental, Social trucks with appropriate tarp to avoid spillage during and OHS Specialists transportation. And direct the drivers to follow the driving 31 safety instructions, i.e., licensed and well-trained drivers, and Contractor’s following speed limits, using well maintained trucks; and Safety Officers. follow the traffic rules. Final Disposal: Contractor RMF-IU and UNOPS BOQ Item â—? Properly dispose of solid waste at designated permitted sites/ Site Engineers/ Mandatory landfill allocated by the local authorities and cleaning funds; Environmental, Social and attach the receipt of waste from the relevant landfill and OHS Specialists authorities to the site engineer. and Contractor’s Safety Officers. 6. Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: The implementation of the mitigation measures will be monitored accordingly through daily, weekly, monthly and event basis by the contractor, supervisor consultant, RMF-IU and UNOPS engineers as well as by TPM. The following aspects will be monitored (though the list will keep updated to accommodate any emergency or updated aspects that may be recommended by the monitoring reports): Table 7: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Implementation Impact Measurements (incl. methods & equipment) and indicators Frequency responsibility Community Health and Safety Temporary disruption of economic - Site inspection and documentation of community economic Once before Contractor, activities, including disruption of activities nearby site. commencement RMFIU, UNOPS traffic and congestion due to road - Visual observation and photographic documentation of traffic Once during maintenance TPM closure and detours management plan Once after completion - Indicators: Upon any complaint. o Traffic congestion time/period o Time / period of access economic activities and services o Number of reported traffic grievance 32 Public safety during the - Visual observation and photographic documentation of safety Daily basis during Contractor, rehabilitation phase. measures. rehabilitation work and RMFIU, UNOPS, - Visual observation for installing of warning signs, barricading of weekly during site TPM working areas with safety tapes and fencing/barricades to prevent inspection visits, unauthorized access of public and pedestrians to the working On any complaint. areas. - Indicators: o Number of project recorded injuries and incidents o Number of reported safety grievance and feedback Low aesthetic value of landscape - Site inspection and documentation of general landscape Continuous Contractor, such as accumulation of waste and - Indicator RMFIU, UNOPS, debris in the rehabilitation site and o Visible deterioration of aesthetic value of landscape TPM damaged curbs and tiles. The risk of influx of non-local - Inspection and maintaining a record of local manual labors Continuous Contractor, manual labor and risk of GBV and specifying location. RMFIU, UNOPS, SEA. - Indicators: TPM o Number of non-local manual labor o Number of reported GBV cases and complaints Sexual harassment, abuse, gender- - Inspection Continuous Contractor, based violence, and discrimination o Number of GM Reports RMFIU, UNOPS, TPM Complaints Handling - Inspection Continuous Contractor, - Number of registered complaints and type will be kept on site RMFIU, UNOPS, and this will feed into the GM. Details of complaints received TPM will be incorporated into the audits as part of the monitoring process. - Indicator o Number of GM Reports GBV and SEA issues - Number of reported and registered cases of the SEA/SH through Continuous Contractor, project GM. RMFIU, UNOPS, - Indicator: TPM o Number of reported cases of contractors’ noncompliance 33 to PSEA/SH obligation on work sites. External stakeholder engagement: - Highlights, including formal and informal meetings, and Continuous Contractor, information disclosure and dissemination—to include a RMFIU, UNOPS, breakdown of women and men consulted and themes coming TPM from various stakeholder groups, including vulnerable groups (e.g., disabled elderly, children, etc.). - Indicators: o Number of meetings/ interviews with stakeholders External stakeholder grievances - Inspection Continuous Contractor, - Number and type of g and date submitted, action(s) taken and RMFIU, UNOPS, date(s), resolution (if any) and date, and follow-up yet to be TPM taken grievances listed should include those received since the preceding report and those that were unresolved at the time of that report. Grievance data should be gender-disaggregated. - Indicator: o Number of GM Reports Poor coordination, planning and - Inspection and photographic documentation. Continuous Contractor, sequencing of work could lead to - Indicators: RMFIU, UNOPS, the breakdown of unseen o Number of community grievances/complaints related to TPM underground services networks underground services. (electric power cables, telephone o Number of reported incidents related to breakdown of lines, water distribution networks). service networks The risk of employing children for - Site inspection, checking and documentation of contractor Weekly during The risk of work activities. employee records maintenance and site employing children - Indicators: inspection. for work activities. o number of workers below the age of 18Number of reported child labor General Environmental Impacts Air pollution due to emissions - Visual observation and photographic documentation of equipment Daily during rehabilitation Contractor, from vehicles and equipment. induced dust clouds during maintenance/ rehabilitation activities works. RMFIU, UNOPS, 34 Dust generation during - Indicator: Upon any complaint. TPM maintenance work’s excavation, o number of complaints related to dust emissions backfilling, and compaction of the o Presence of dust cloud pavement layers. Increased levels of noise and - Site supervision/inspection and documentation to ensure Weekly during site Contractor, vibration due to heavy vehicles compliance with the noise mitigation measures inspection. RMFIU, UNOPS, and equipment, which may be a - Indicator: Upon any complaint. TPM nuisance to the community around o number of complaints related to noise the maintenance sites. Production and disposal of debris - Inspection and photographic documentation Continuous daily and in Contractor, and wastes from maintenance and - Indicators: weekly site inspection RMFIU, UNOPS, rehabilitation. o Records of presence of wastes stored in open areas or TPM near drainage areas and increase in waste pollution Changing the oil of vehicles in the - Visual observation and photographic documentation of equipment Monthly and Weekly Contractor, worksites. and soil leaks. during rehabilitation work RMFIU, UNOPS, - Indicator: and site inspection. TPM o Presence of spills, change in soil color Upon any complaint. Improper management of - Inspection and photographic documentation. Continuous daily in site Contractor, hazardous material and waste - Indicator: inspection RMFIU, UNOPS, o presence of hazardous wastes and materials outside TPM designated zones Environmental impacts (soil - Inspection and photographic documentation. Continuous daily in site Contractor, groundwater contamination from - Indicator: inspection RMFIU, UNOPS, leaks and presence of dead animals o presence of visible leaks, change in soil color, presence of TPM close to project site) dead animals Blockage of culverts, drainage - Site inspection and photographic documentation of cleaning Continuous Contractor, ditches, storm water catchment activities RMFIU, UNOPS, basin and channels. - Indicator: TPM o Presence of construction waste in channels and drainage 35 zones Water logging due to inefficient - Site inspection and design review of water logging location and Continuous Contractor, drainage for surface runoff in photograph documentation RMFIU, UNOPS, some locations or shallow water. - Indicator: Visible shallow water TPM Disruption of environment due to - Site inspection and documentation of material sources Continuous Contractor, uncontrolled sources of - Indicators: RMFIU, UNOPS, construction materials. o Visible disruption of environment/ damaged vegetation TPM cover and habitats o Sites of material sources are not officially licensed Occupational Health and Safety Work related accidents and - Inspection and photographic documentation Continuous daily Contractor, injuries. - Maintaining a record of injuries and accidents specifying cause RMFIU, UNOPS, and location TPM - Contractors are required to provide a list of trained workers, who will be checked for their training skills and age and the measures will be implemented onsite and followed by regular monitoring visits. - Indicators: o Number of reported labor injuries and accidents o Number of trainings provided to workers on OHS o number of work hours o lost time incidents o medical treatment cases o first aid cases o number of high potential near misses Risk to workers from hazardous - Inspection and photographic documentation Continuous daily Contractor, material used for work, such as - Maintaining a record of injuries and accidents specifying cause RMFIU, UNOPS, fuel, lubricating oil, paints and and location. TPM chemicals. - Indicators: o Number of reported incidents o Absence of labels and safety measures 36 Poor onsite sanitation or water - Site inspection Weekly during Contractor, supply, leading to illness and - Indicator: maintenance work and RMFIU, UNOPS, disease. o lack of water, presence of pests, number of sick workers site inspection. TPM Workers not wearing full PPEs - Inspection and photographic documentation Continuous daily Contractor, - Indicator include: RMFIU, UNOPS, o number of workers not wearing PPEs TPM o Number of injured workers/sick workers Risk of Manual Handling - Inspection and photographic documentation Continuous daily Contractor, - Maintaining a record of injuries and accidents specifying cause RMFIU, UNOPS, and location. TPM - Indicators: o number of injuries reported related to manual handling Discrimination in employment can - Inspection and auditing for workers documents. Continuous daily Contractor, occur in the workplace in various - Indicators: RMFIU, UNOPS, ways o GM Reports regarding labor discrimination, rights and TPM issues o Number of workers grievances, number of solved grievances - Inspection and photographic documentation Continuous daily Contractor, Indicators: RMFIU, UNOPS, COVID-19 spread causing illnesses o number of Covid-19 reported TPM o Number of workers adhering to wearing PPEs through visual Inspection Specific Monitoring Measures Safety - Hours worked, recordable incidents and corresponding Root Continuous Contractor, Cause Analysis (lost time incidents, medical treatment cases, first RMFIU, UNOPS, aid cases, high potential near misses, and remedial and preventive TPM activities required (for example, revised job safety analysis, new or different equipment, skills training, and so forth. - Number of accidents and type 37 Environmental incidents and near - Records and numbers of environmental incidents and high Continuous Contractor, misses potential near misses and how they have been addressed, what is RMFIU, UNOPS, outstanding, and lessons learned. TPM Major works: - Work undertaken and completed, progress against project Continuous Contractor, schedule, and key work fronts (work areas). RMFIU, UNOPS, TPM E&S and OHS requirements: - Register non-compliance incidents with permits and national law Continuous Contractor, (legal noncompliance), project commitments, or other E&S RMFIU, UNOPS, requirements. TPM E&S, OHS inspections and audits: - By contractor, engineer, or others, including authorities to include Continuous Contractor, date, inspector or auditor name, sites visited and records RMFIU, UNOPS, reviewed, major findings, and actions taken. TPM Workers: - Number of workers, indication of origin (expatriate, local, Continuous Contractor, nonlocal nationals), gender, age with evidence that no child labor RMFIU, UNOPS, is involved, and skill level (unskilled, skilled, supervisory, TPM professional, management). Training on E&S issues - Number of trainings Including dates, number of trainees, and Once conducted Contractor, topics. RMFIU, UNOPS, TPM Footprint management: - Details of any work outside boundaries or major off-site impacts Continuous Contractor, caused by ongoing Work—to include date, location, impacts, and RMFIU, UNOPS, actions taken. TPM - Details of any security risks - Details of risks the contractor may be exposed to while When occurred Contractor, performing its work—the threats may come from third parties RMFIU, UNOPS, external to the project TPM Worker grievances: - Number and type of grievance including occurrence date, , and Continuous Contractor, date submitted; actions taken and dates; resolution (if any) and RMFIU, UNOPS, date; and follow-up yet to be taken—grievances listed should TPM include those received since the preceding report and those that 38 were unresolved at the time of that report. Major changes to contractor’s - Records of major changes to contractor’s environmental and Continuous Contractor, environmental and social social practices. RMFIU, UNOPS, practices. TPM Deficiency and performance - Actions taken in response to previous notices of deficiency or Continuous Contractor, management observations regarding E&S performance and/or plans for actions RMFIU, UNOPS, to be taken—these should continue to be reported until UNOPS TPM determines the issue is resolved satisfactorily The costs on monitoring by the Contractor, RMF-IU and UNOPS will be under their responsibility in means of core staff LOE, while the costs of monitoring by an independent external auditor/consultant are included in separate contract between UNOPS and the TPM for the whole YIUSEP II and AF including urban roads subcomponent. 39 7. Public Consultations Public consultation process takes the form of semi-structured and direct interviews with local communities and group discussions with other stakeholders in the selected road areas. They were conducted in Taiz city in the subproject area taking into consideration precautionary measures to avoid the spread of Covid-19; social distancing was applied and consultation was implemented outdoors. The consultations with men were conducted in the sub-project areas on 19 January 2022 by RMF-IU specialists with 17 persons, while the consultations with women were implemented on 26-27 March 2022 by RMF-IU Female Social Facilitator with 20 females. The key informants consulted are the governor of Taiz, General Manager of the Governor office, general manager of public works office in Taiz, and some general managers of service offices in Taiz, NGOs representatives as well as local councils’ representatives. The samples of other men consulted are shops owners, taxi drivers, motorcyclists, traffic police, IDPs, students, government civil servants, university students, hourly paid workers, bitty traders, traffic police, etc. while the women consulted include university students and teachers, school teachers, office secretary, female employees, housewives, nurses, etc. The following table shows names and details about people consulted. Table 8: Number of consultations with men and women Number of persons # Consultations Date consulted 1 Consultation with men 17 19 January 2022 2 Consultation with women 20 26 & 27 March 2022 7.1. Topics of the Consultations The consultations with men and women covered several issues and topics to: â—? Ensure of communities' needs and confirm the selection priority; â—? Inform local communities about the subproject and its activities to be undertaken, its timetable; â—? Inform them about their rights to have a job opportunity during implementation. â—? Raise their awareness about subprojects potential risks such as safety, health, environmental, and social risks and required control measures. â—? Document and address the local communities’ concerns, expectations, and feedback. â—? Ensure the participation of subproject beneficiaries both females and males. â—? Discuss the positive impacts that the subprojects will have such as improved transportation services, accessibility and road safety; â—? Discuss sub-projects possible negative impacts such as disruption of traffic and safety of workers and proposed mitigation measures and how to avoid and mitigate them. â—? Inform them that the road traffic may temporarily be interrupted during implementation and how to coordinate with subproject supervisors and contractors to manage the traffic. â—? Raise their awareness regarding social safeguards such as GBV, SH, and abuse, that may occur during the implementation and the required measures that should be taken in case of occurrence. â—? Inform them about how to use the GM to give their opinions regarding social safeguard, OHS, and any complaints and concerns without fear. â—? Raise their awareness for the COVID-19 pandemic and the precautionary measures as well as raise awareness on other diseases, such as Cholera. 40 7.2. Public Consultation Findings and Feedback The consultation findings with interviewed people both males and females were noted as they have expressed their strong support to the sub-project. They showed their interest in facilitating the implementation and are eager for road subproject as it is a key priority for them. Moreover, the interviewees expressed their happiness for hearing about the sub-project and how the planned activities will have positive impacts such as improving access to local services, schools and health care centers and other local services. The consulted beneficiaries have no concerns regarding land, noise, or SEA/SH. The consultations showed that the gender mainstreaming should be promoted even in the infrastructure projects. However, the consultations showed the main concern is the delay of commencement and implementation in addition to the use of poor materials in rehabilitation; they also emphasize to avoid complete closure of the road during implementation and support the suggested mitigation measures to be use as to work section by section. They conveyed their resentment that the governorate was not targeted with road projects although Taiz is the most affected suffered area from the situation. Therefore, they expressed their further needs and priorities to target other streets and roads in the city because the roads in the city are much deteriorated and the most affected sector due to the current situation in the country clarifying that the roads serve all people in the governorates and other governorates. 7.3. Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure Stakeholder engagement and information disclosure took place in August and November 2021 and January 2022 organized by UNOPS and RMF-IU. The project documents were disclosed and stakeholders were engaged. RMF-IU and UNOPS will ensure stakeholder engagement and information disclosure also during implementation and operation with all representatives and communities affected by the subproject. Furthermore, the subproject contractor will be required to undertake a process of stakeholder engagement with representative persons and communities directly affected by the activities it undertakes, including, if necessary, the public disclosure of its C-ESMP. The subproject contractor will also maintain good relations with local communities throughout the subproject and will give these communities prior notice of plans and schedules as they might affect local people. Thus, the stakeholder engagement process and information disclosure will also be applicable in the subproject cycle. 7.4. Sustainability of Subproject RMF-IU engages various stakeholders in implementation and the consultation process continues during and after implementation. To ensure sustainability of the subproject, a community committee is planned to be formed before the commencement date which will work to ensure and confirm community participation, help in facilitating implementation. The beneficiary committees were formed from local councils, utilities, representatives of youth and women. The key duty of such committees is to ensure the sustainability of the subproject after implementation phase. Also, coordination with Local Authorities / Councils took place to inform them on activities, the possibility of their role in facilitation during implementation. The implementation will take into consideration the climate change resilience to ensure sustainability through improving road drainage system capacity adopting to intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events, ensuring work quality resistant to flash flood, adjustment of structural design of the pavement (flexible, semi-rigid and rigid/composite designs), etc. 41 7.5. Consultation during implementation Consultations will continue during implementation with the previously consulted representative local communities to assess beneficiaries’ satisfaction on implementation of mitigation measures and accommodation of all their concerns and will conduct broader consultation with more beneficiaries and wider representatives of local communities’ citizens. To ensure citizen engagement during subproject implementation, the following mechanism will be adapted: â—? Continue consultation with local communities by interviews and using questionnaires to assess beneficiaries’ satisfaction on the implementation of activities and safeguards. â—? Hold interviews during implementation of subproject in the targeted areas with both male and female citizens/ beneficiaries conducted by male and female moderators/facilitators in separate sessions; â—? Utilize GIS-based portal mapping for all activities including sub projects supported to promote transparency to reach more citizens. â—? Utilize citizen engagement findings conducted for YIUSEP II AF which include a wide range of stakeholders. â—? Explore using UNOPS’ remote monitoring tools for engaging citizens in monitoring and quality assurance of subproject activities. â—? Include a TPM component in reaching citizens and beneficiaries during implementation; â—? Receive feedback from citizens through the RMF-IU and UNOPS established GM in during implementation of subproject. 8. Grievance Mechanism GM Bank procedures require that Grievance Mechanisms (GMs) be established and operational prior to commencement of the sub-projects, and that they continue to operate for one year following completion of the works for third party settlement of disputes arising from resettlement. This GM should take into account the availability of judicial recourse as well as traditional and community dispute resolution mechanisms. UNOPS has established Grievance Mechanism (GM) for Yemen Integrated Urban Services Emergency Project to enable beneficiaries to communicate their concerns regarding the project activities. More specifically, the GM details the procedures that communities and individuals, who believe they are adversely affected by the project or a specific sub-project, can use to submit their complaints, as well as the procedures used by UNOPS and RMF-IU to systematically register, track, investigate and promptly resolve complaints. RMF-IU has developed an GM for YIUSEP II and YIUSEP II AF along with UNOPS GM. This is to provide multiple access points to the GM for beneficiaries to voice their concerns. Accordingly, hard copies of the translated application of the GM (attached in Annex 2) were provided to interviewed people and they have been informed that the GM contact information will be posted at the sub-project site to ensure any grievance can be addressed in an amicable manner. During monitoring, RMF-IU will conduct inspections for complaints. Resolving complaints at community level is always encouraged to address the problem that a person may have during implementation and/or operation phase. RMF-IU maintains records for grievances and complaints including minutes of discussions, recommendations and resolutions made. 42 8.1. Registering Complaints RMF-IU has developed GM system for YIUSEP II and YIUSEP II AF along with UNOPS GM. It is to improve access to GM. this is to provide multiple access points to the GM for beneficiaries to voice their concerns. These access points will be advertised at sub-project level and put on the sign boards on each sub-project site, and include GM contact information including hotline, landline, mobile SMS, email and website: UNOPS GM Address: Haddah Street, former European Union Office Building, Sana’a Tel: Landline +967 1 504914 and +967 1 504915, Tool Free 8000190 Focal Point: Marwa Obaid SMS and WhatsApp: +967 739888388 Email grm-yemen@unops.org Website: www.unops.org RMF-IU GM Address: Building No. B5, Haddah Complex, Haddah Street, Sana’a, Yemen Tel: Landline +967 1 510471 and Mobile: +967 779696132 Focal Point: Eshtar Fuad SMS and WhatApp: +967 779696132 Email GRM-RMFIU-YEM@TUTANOTA.COM The GM contact information will be posted in Arabic and be communicated through multiple channels to ensure all groups can easily access contact information and relevant mechanisms to provide feedback. Grievances can be brought up by affected people including workers in case of: (i) non-fulfillment of contracts or agreements; (ii) disputes related to destruction of assets or livelihoods; (iii) disturbances caused by rehabilitation activities; (iv) concerns around safety and protection related to project’s activities. Anonymous complaints will be admissible to their attention verbally or in writing by sub-projects affected communities or individuals and will relay these concerns in writing to UNOPS and/ or RMF- IU on a next day basis. UNOPS and/ or RMF-IU will determine if these concerns rise to the level of a complaint. UNOPS and RMF-IU will register the complaint in a dedicated log by gender, age, and location, and include a copy of the complaint and supporting documents. A draft template for registering grievances is annexed. UNOPS and RMF-IU will record and document complaints received in the sub-project file and the sub- project progress reports, including the number and type of complaints and the results of their resolution. 8.2. Tracking, Investigating and Resolving Complaints The GM log maintained by UNOPS will track the date the complaint was received, date responded to, the type of response, and if the complaint was resolved to the satisfaction of the plaintiff. The ESSO will coordinate with local partners, local field staff and local government officials to ensure prompt follow up action in response to each complaint. More specifically, the GM focal point wills forename complaints: 43 Inform the plaintiff if the complaint is accepted or rejected within 3 days from receiving the complaint; any technical input from project engineers; if necessary, the response will require input from project engineers. If the complaint is accepted, send the plaintiff an officially stamped review card indicating: â—? plaintiff name or legal representative â—? plaintiff address â—? complaint title â—? review date â—? list of annexes submitted with the complaint Work with engineers, local partners, and contractors to resolve the complaint within 28 days of its submission. 8.3. Grievance Categories The grievance could be among but not limited to the following categories: â—? Access to project benefits (e.g., no or insufficient jobs created for local communities); â—? Non-equal distribution of project services among target beneficiaries; â—? Disputes (e.g., matters raised by/related to beneficiaries. â—? Disturbance (e.g., noise, traffic road access and public safety etc.). â—? GBV/SH grievance â—? Internal grievance (workers grievance) 8.4. Steps to handle GM â—? Publicizing: stakeholder’s consultation, printed materials; â—? Receiving and registering complaints: staff at local and central level who will be responsible for receiving registering and tracking complaints; â—? Acknowledging: The GM staff (team) acknowledges receipt of the complaint within 2-3 working days. Inform the complainant on the eligibility of his/her complaint; â—? Anonymous complaints: To be studied as well; â—? Reviewing and investigating, collect, review and analyze related documents; â—? Conducting interviews of the involved persons, officers and staff; â—? Analyzing the related national legislations & regulations, World Bank Policies & Guidelines and UNOPS standards; â—? Summarizing the facts and findings; â—? Developing resolution options: based on the collected evidence, the GM staff (team) will draw conclusions, make recommendations for solutions, and present it to the complainant; â—? If the solution is not accepted, complaint will be presented to the Program Manager as a second level to appeal who can make the resolution and/or can delegate an arbitrary to investigate on the complaint and propose recommendations for resolution; â—? Implementing resolution: If the solution is accepted, then will be implemented; â—? Monitoring and closing: the complaint should be monitored for a reasonable period of time to make sure that the complainant does not express additional concerns, and then the complaint could be closed. â—? Reporting (recording): prepare concise summary reports of the complaints received, with the resolutions taken and status of resolutions implementation, and filled in the database with detailed records. Annex 2 summarizes the complaints management review process. 44 9. Reporting of ESMP The RMF-IU ESSO will report to UNOPS on monthly basis the implementation of the ESMP and UNOPS will report the ESMP implementation to the WB. There will be also irregular reports base on the situation and updates. The RMF-IU Supervision Consultant will monitor and report monthly and irregularly on the level of mitigation measures implementation and environmental issues. In addition, the consultant is responsible to conduct induction, training, inspection, reporting and others. On the other hand, the RMF-IU Environmental and social specialists are responsible for all activities related to ESS, such preparing ESMPs, conducting consultation and stakeholder engagement, screening process, risk assessment, training workers, raise awareness of affected parties, conduct monitoring, inspection and reporting, etc. As shown in Annex 1, the contractors shall monitor, keep records and report on the following environmental and social issues: safety, environmental incidents and near misses, major works, ESHS requirements, ESHS inspections and audits: workers, training on ESHS issues, footprint management, external stakeholder engagement, details of any security risks, worker grievances, external stakeholder grievances, major changes to Contractors environmental and social practices, deficiency and performance management. The following table provides indicative reporting plan. Table 9: Reporting plan What How Who When Compliance level to the ESMP including Based on Environmental Monthly from environmental and social issues, OHS, GM, etc. monitoring and Specialist RMF-IU to inspections, log, UNOPS and the consultant quarterly from reports, GM log UNOPS to WB. Compliance level to the ESMP and environmental Consultant based RMF-IU Monthly and social issues: safety, environmental incidents on monitoring, Supervision and based on and near misses, major works, ESHS requirements, inspection, records, consultant cases ESHS inspections and audits: workers, training on logs, contractor ESHS issues, footprint management, external reports. stakeholder engagement, details of any security risks, worker grievances, external stakeholder grievances, major changes to Contractors environmental and social practices, deficiency and performance management. Environmental and social issues: safety, Contractor ESSO Contractor Monthly environmental incidents and near misses, major based on and based on works, ESHS requirements, ESHS inspections and monitoring, cases audits: workers, training on ESHS issues, footprint inspection, records, management, external stakeholder engagement, logs. details of any security risks, worker grievances, external stakeholder grievances, major changes to Contractors environmental and social practices, deficiency and performance management. 45 Annex 1: Environmental and Social Requirements for Contractors Contractors shall meet the following Environmental, Health, Safety and Social (including labor) requirements – thereafter called ESHS requirements12. The ESHS requirements include 10 sections 1. Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP) 2. ESHS Training 3. Construction Site Management 4. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) 5. Road safety and Traffic Safetys 6. Chance Find Procedures 7. Emergency Preparedness and Response 8. Stakeholder Engagement 9. Code of Conduct 10. Contractor Environmental and Social Reporting Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP) â—?Prepare and submit to RMF-IU/ UNOPS for approval of a Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP). â—? Include in the C-ESMP a detailed explanation of how the contractor’s performance will meet the ESHS requirements â—? Ensure that sufficient funds are budgeted to meet the ESHS requirements, and that sufficient capacity is in place to oversee, monitor and report on C-ESMP performance. â—? Put in place controls and procedures to manage their ESHS performance. â—? Get prior written approval from RMF-IU Engineers before starting construction or rehabilitation activities. ESHS Training â—? Determine ESHS training needs in collaboration with RMF-IU/ UNOPS â—? Maintain records of all ESHS training, orientation, and induction. â—? Ensure, through appropriate contract specifications and monitoring that service providers, as well as contracted and subcontracted labor, are trained adequately before assignments begin. â—? Demonstrate that its employees are competent to carry out their activities and duties safely. For this purpose, the Contractor shall issue a Competence Certificate for every person working on site (relative to trade and aspect of work assignment) that specifies which tasks can be undertaken by which key personnel. â—? Training should include occupational health and safety measures, GBV HS and social health and safety measures, Environmental health and safety measures, waste management and hazardous materials management. Orientation Training â—? Provide ESHS orientation training to all employees, including management, supervisors, and workers, as well as to subcontractors, so that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at/on the site and of personal protection and preventing injury to fellow employees. â—? Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site-specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. Any site- specific hazard or color coding in use should be thoroughly reviewed as part of orientation 12 The ESHS requirements build on the General EHS Guidelines of the World Bank Group, but also take into account other World Bank guidelines, and good practice notes 46 training. Visitor Orientation â—? Establish an orientation program for visitors, including vendors, that could access areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. â—? Visitors shall not enter hazard areas unescorted. â—? Ensure that visitors shall always be accompanied by an authorized member of the contractor, or a representative of UNOPS or RMF-IU, who has successfully fulfilled the ESHS orientation training, and who is familiar with the project site construction hazards, layout, and restricted working areas. New Task Employee and Contractor Training â—? Ensure that all workers and subcontractors, prior to commencement of new assignments, have received adequate training and information enabling them to understand work hazards and to protect their health from hazardous ambient factors that may be present. The training should adequately cover the step-by-step process that is needed for Project activities to be undertaken safely, with minimum harm to the environment, including: o Knowledge of materials, equipment, and tools o Known hazards in the operations and how they are controlled o Potential risks to health o Precautions to prevent exposure o Hygiene requirements o Wearing and use of protective equipment and clothing o Appropriate response to operation extremes, incidents and accidents Construction Site Management Vegetation â—? Prevent any unnecessary destruction, scarring, or defacing of the natural surroundings in the vicinity of the construction site â—? Protect all trees and vegetation from damage by construction operations and equipment, except where clearing is required for permanent works, approved construction roads, or excavation operations â—? Revegetate damaged areas on completion of the Works, and for areas that cannot be revegetated, scarifying the work area to a condition that will facilitate natural revegetation, provide for proper drainage, and prevent erosion â—? Use, as much as possible, local species for replanting and species that are not listed as a noxious weed â—? Repair, replant, reseed or otherwise correct, as directed by UNOPS or RMF-IU, and at the Contractor’s own expense, all unnecessary destruction, scarring, damage, or defacing of the landscape resulting from the Contractors operations â—? Transport labor and equipment in a manner to avoid as much as possible damage to grazing land, crops, and property Protection of the Existing Installations â—? Safeguard all existing buildings, structures, works, pipes, cables, sewers, or other services or installations from harm, disturbance or deterioration during construction activities 47 â—? Coordinate with local authorities to identify existing infrastructure that might not be visible â—? Repair any damage caused by the Contractor’s activities, in coordination with concerned authorities. â—? Take all reasonable precautions to prevent or reduce any disturbance or inconvenience to the owners, tenants or occupiers of properties to the construction activities, and more generally to the public â—? Maintain safe access to public and private properties that might be affected by construction activities. If necessary, provide acceptable alternative means of passage or access to the satisfaction of the persons affected. â—? Avoid working during night hours. Waste from Construction Activities â—? Collect and properly store and manage all solid wastes and hazardous wastes (separate hazardous waste from solid waste) resulting from the construction activities, including construction debris and spoils, to prevent the contamination of soil and groundwater. In case chemicals are present they should be stored and disposed according to their Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) â—? Remove unneeded excavation material from construction sites as soon as possible â—? Agree with relevant municipalities about construction waste disposal â—? Carefully select waste disposal sites, to be approved by UNOPS or RMF-IU. â—? Minimize littering of roads by ensuring that vehicles are licensed and loaded in such a manner as to prevent falling off or spilling of construction materials, and by sheeting the sides and tops of all vehicles carrying mud, sand, other materials or debris â—? Transfer construction waste to assigned places in the selected waste disposal sites with documented confirmation. â—? Properly dispose of solid waste and debris and hazardous waste at designated permitted sites waste disposal sites allocated by the local authorities, and obtain a receipt of waste from the authorized landfill authority. Air Quality The most common pollutant involved in fugitive emissions is dust or particulate matter (PM) that is released during the transport and open storage of solid materials, and from exposed soil surfaces, including unpaved roads. Accordingly, the Contractor shall: â—? Use dust control methods, such as covers, water suppression, or increased moisture content for open materials storage piles, or controls, including air extraction and treatment through a baghouse or cyclone for material handling sources, such as conveyors and bins; â—? Use water suppression for control of loose materials on paved or unpaved road surfaces. Oil and oil by-products are not a recommended method to control road dust. â—? Use wheel washes at quarries, ready-mix plants, construction sites, and other facilities to prevent track-out of mud, dust and dirt on to public road. â—? Regularly clean road surfaces within the construction sites to remove accumulated fine material, and regularly clean transportation vehicles. â—? Cover open bodied trucks handling sand, gravel or earth. â—? Minimize smoke from diesel engines by regular and proper maintenance, in particular by ensuring that the engine, injection system and air cleaners are in good condition. Hazardous and Toxic Materials Toxic and deleterious wastes resulting from the Project Company's activities require special attention in order to forestall their introduction into the natural environment which could result in harm to 48 people, aquatic life or natural growth of the area. The Contractor shall take precautions relative to the conditions specified herein. â—? Train workers regarding the handling of hazardous materials â—? Store hazardous materials as per the statutory provisions of the Manufactures, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules (1989), under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. â—? Provide adequate secondary containment for fuel storage tanks and for the temporary storage of other fluids such as lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids, â—? Use impervious surfaces for refueling areas and other fluid transfer areas â—? Train workers on the correct transfer and handling of fuels and chemicals and the response to spills â—? Provide portable spill containment and cleanup equipment on site and training in the equipment deployment â—? Deposit or discharge toxic liquids, chemicals, fuels, lubricants and bitumen into containers for salvage or subsequent removal to off-site locations. â—? Treat hazardous waste separately from other waste â—? Avoid the storage or handling of toxic liquid adjacent to or draining into drainage facilities. â—? Keep absorbent materials or compounds on Site in sufficient quantities corresponding to the extent of possible spills. Area Signage â—? Appropriately mark hazardous areas. â—? Install warning signs â—? Ensure that signage is in accordance with international standards and is well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors and the general public as appropriate. â—? Demarcate work sites with safety tape, fencing or barricades, as appropriate, to prevent unauthorized access to the construction sites â—? Safeguard public safety by covering holes and by installing guardrails along temporary pathways. Decommissioning of Worksites and Plant â—? Clear construction sites of any equipment or waste, and ensuring that the sites are free from contamination. â—? Dispose of or recycle any equipment or waste in an appropriate and environmentally sound manner. â—? Hand construction sites over to the original owners, taking into account his/her wishes and national legislation. Health and Safety Severe Weather and Facility Shutdown â—? Design and build work place structures to withstand the expected elements for the region and designate an area designated for safe refuge, if appropriate. â—? Develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for project or process shut-down, including an evacuation plan. 49 Lavatories and Showers â—? Provide adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) for the number of people expected to work at the construction sites, and make allowances for segregated facilities, or for indicating whether the toilet facility is “In Useâ€? or “Vacantâ€?. â—? Provide toilet facilities with adequate supplies of hot and cold running water, soap, and hand drying devices. â—? Where workers may be exposed to substances poisonous by ingestion and skin contamination may occur, provide facilities for showering and changing into and out of street and work clothes. Potable Water Supply â—? Provide adequate supplies of potable drinking water from a fountain with an upward jet or with a sanitary means of collecting the water for the purposes of drinking â—? Ensure that water supplied to areas of food preparation or for the purpose of personal hygiene (washing or bathing) meets drinking water quality standards. Clean Eating Area â—? Where there is potential for exposure to substances poisonous by ingestion, make suitable arrangements to provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to the hazardous or noxious substances. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) â—? Identify and provide at no cost appropriate PPE to workers, the workers of subcontractors, as well as to visitors, which gives adequate protection without incurring unnecessary inconvenience to the individual â—? Ensure that the use of PPE is compulsory. â—? Provide sufficient training in the use, storage and maintenance of PPE to its workers and workers of its subcontractors. â—? Properly maintain PPE, including cleaning when dirty and replacement when damaged or worn out; â—? Determine requirements for standard and/or task-specific PPE based on of Job specific Safety Analysis (JSA); â—? Consider the use of PPE as a last resort when it comes to hazard control and prevention, and always refer to the hierarchy of hazard controls when planning a safety process. Noise Institute appropriate measures to reduce the exposure of workers to construction noise, including but not limited to: â—? Avoid exposure to a noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. In addition, no unprotected ear should be exposed to a peak sound pressure level (instantaneous) of more than 140 dB(C). â—? Enforce the use of hearing protection should be enforced actively when the equivalent sound level over 8 hours reaches 85 dB(A), the peak sound levels reach 140 dB(C), or the average maximum sound level reaches 110 dB(A). â—? Provide hearing protective devices capable of reducing sound levels at the ear to at most 85 dB(A). â—? Reduce the “allowedâ€? exposure period or duration by 50 percent for every 3 dB(A) increase in in excess of 85 dB(A). â—? Perform periodic medical hearing checks on workers exposed to high noise levels. 50 â—? Rotate staff to limit individual exposure to high levels. â—? Install practical acoustical attenuation on construction equipment, such as mufflers. â—? Use silenced air compressors and power generators â—? Keep all machinery in good condition â—? Install exhaust silencing equipment on bulldozers, compactors, crane, dump trucks, excavators, graders, loaders, scrapers and shovels. â—? Post signs in all area where the sound pressure level exceeds 85 dB(A). â—? Shut down equipment when not directly in use â—? Provide advance notice to occupants if an activity involving high level impact noise is in close proximity to buildings. First Aid and Accidents â—? Ensure that qualified first-aid by qualified personnel is always available. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work. â—? Provide workers with rescue and first-aid duties with dedicated training so as not to inadvertently aggravate exposures and health hazards to themselves or their co- workers. Training would include the risks of becoming infected with blood–borne pathogens through contact with bodily fluids and tissue. â—? Provide eye-wash stations and/or emergency showers close to all workstations where immediate flushing with water is the recommended first-aid response. â—? Provide dedicated and appropriately equipped first-aid room(s) where the scale of work or the type of activity being carried out so requires. â—? Equip first aid stations and rooms with gloves, gowns, and masks for protection against direct contact with blood and other body fluids. â—? Make widely available written emergency procedures for dealing with cases of trauma or serious illness, including procedures for transferring patient care to an appropriate medical facility. â—? Immediately report all accidental occurrences with serious accident potential such as major equipment failures, contact with high-voltage lines, exposure to hazardous materials, slides, or cave-ins to UNOPS and RMF-IU. â—? Immediately investigate any serious or fatal injury or disease caused by the progress of work by the Contractor, and submit a comprehensive report to UNOPS and RMF-IU. Communicable Diseases Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), such as HIV/AIDS, are the communicable diseases of most concern because of labor mobility. Recognizing that no single measure is likely to be effective in the long term, the Contractor shall implement a combination of behavioral and environmental modifications to mitigate communicable diseases: â—? Conduct Information, Education and Consultation Communication (IEC) campaigns, at least every other month, addressed to all construction site staff (including all the Contractor’s employees, all subcontractors of any tier, consultants' employees working on the site, and truck drivers and crew making deliveries to the site for Works and Services executed under the Contract, concerning the risks, dangers and impact, and appropriate avoidance behavior of communicable diseases. â—? Provide for active screening, diagnosis, counselling and referral of workers to a dedicated national STD and HIV/AIDS program, (unless otherwise agreed) for all Site staff and labor. â—? Provide male or female condoms to all Site staff and workers, as appropriate. â—? Provide treatment through standard case management in on-site or community health care facilities. â—? Ensure ready access to medical treatment, confidentiality and appropriate care, particularly 51 with respect to migrant workers. â—? Promote collaboration with local authorities to enhance access of workers families and the community to public health services and ensure the immunization of workers against common and locally prevalent diseases. â—? Provide basic education on the conditions that allow the spread of other diseases such as COVID-19, Lassa Fever, Cholera and Ebola. The training should cover sanitary hygiene education. â—? Prevent illness in immediate local communities by: o Implementing an information strategy to reinforce person-to-person counselling addressing systemic factors that can influence individual behavior as well as promoting individual protection, and protecting others from infection, by encouraging condom use o Training health workers in disease treatment o Conducting immunization programs for workers in local communities to improve health and guard against infection o Providing health services o Contracting an HIV service provider to be available on-site COVID-19 In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, Contractors shall develop and implement measures to prevent or minimize an outbreak of COVID-19, and develop procedures indicating what should be done if a worker gets sick. The measures shall include: â—? Assessing the characteristics of the workforce, including those with underlying health issues or who may be otherwise at risk â—? Confirming that workers are fit for work, including temperature testing and refusing entry to sick workers â—? Considering ways to minimize entry/exit to site or the workplace, and limiting contact between workers and the community/general public â—? Training workers on hygiene and other preventative measures, and implementing a communication strategy for regular updates on COVID-19 related issues and the status of affected workers â—? Treating workers who are or should be self-isolating and/or are displaying symptoms â—? Assessing risks to continuity of supplies of medicine, water, fuel, food and PPE, taking into account international, national and local supply chains â—? Reducing, storing and disposing of medical waste â—? Adjusting work practices, to reduce the number of workers and increase social distancing â—? Expanding health facilities on-site compared to usual levels, developing relationships with local health care facilities and organize for the treatment of sick workers â—? Building worker accommodations further apart, or having one worker accommodation in a more isolated area, which may be easily converted to quarantine and treatment facilities, if needed â—? Establishing a procedure to follow if a worker becomes sick (following WHO guidelines) â—? Implementing a communication strategy with the community, community leaders and local government in relation to COVID-19 issues on the site. Road safety and Traffic Safety The Contractor shall ensure traffic safety by all project personnel during displacement to and from the workplace, and during the operation of project equipment on private or public roads. The Contractor shall adopt best transport safety practices across all aspects of project operations with the goal of 52 preventing traffic accidents and minimizing injuries suffered by project personnel and the public, including: â—? Emphasize safety aspects among drivers â—? Improve driving skills and requiring licensing of drivers â—? Institute defensive driving training for all drivers prior to starting their job â—? Adopt limits for trip duration and arranging driver rosters to avoid overtiredness â—? Avoid dangerous routes and times of day to reduce the risk of accidents â—? Use speed control devices (governors) on trucks, and remote monitoring of driver actions â—? Require that drivers and co-passengers wear seatbelts, and duly sanction defaulters. â—? Regularly maintain vehicles and use manufacturer approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. Where the project may contribute to significant changes in traffic along existing roads the Contractor shall: â—? Commence activities that affect public motorways and highways, only after all traffic safety measures necessitated by the activities are fully operational. â—? Arrange diversions for providing alternative routes for transport and/or pedestrians â—? Minimize pedestrian interaction with construction vehicles, particularly at crossing points to schools, markets, and any animal crossing points of significance, through appropriate signage, engineered footpaths or traffic slowing devices. â—? Organize meaningful road accident awareness events at all roadside schools and communities within 150 meters of the road centerline, covering safe road crossing, road accident hazards from weather conditions and vehicle roadworthiness, overloading and driver alertness, dangers posed by parked and broken-down vehicles, etc. â—? Collaborate with local communities and responsible authorities to improve signage, visibility and overall safety of roads, particularly along stretches located near schools or other locations where children may be present. â—? Collaborate with local communities on education about traffic and pedestrian safety (e.g. school education campaigns). â—? Coordinate with emergency responders to ensure that appropriate first aid is provided to all affected persons in the event of accidents. â—? Use locally sourced materials, whenever possible, to minimize transport distances, and locate associated facilities close to project sites. â—? Employ safe traffic control measures, including road signs, traffic cones, removable barriers, and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions. Cultural Heritage Develop and adopt a Chance Find Procedure that outlines the actions to be taken if previously unknown cultural heritage is encountered, including: â—? determine whether cultural heritage is expected to be found, either during construction or operations â—? train construction crews and supervisors to spot potential archaeological finds â—? keep records and ensure expert verification â—? provide chain of custody instructions for movable finds â—? notify the Department of Archaeology at the Ministry of Culture or a local university, for quick assessment and action â—? define clear criteria for potential temporary work stoppages required for rapid disposition of issues related to the finds. â—? Avoid indirect damage to existing cultural heritage, such as affecting masonry through vibration. 53 Emergencies â—? Establish and maintain an emergency preparedness and response system, in collaboration with appropriate and relevant third parties including to cover: (i) the contingencies that could affect personnel and facilities of the project to be financed; (ii) the need to protect the health and safety of project workers; (iii) the need to protect the health and safety of the Affected Communities. The emergency preparedness and response system shall include: o Identification of the emergency scenarios o Specific emergency response procedures o Training of emergency response teams o Emergency contacts and communication systems/protocols (including communication with Affected Communities when necessary) o Procedures for interaction with government authorities (emergency, health, environmental authorities) o Permanently stationed emergency equipment and facilities (e.g., first aid stations, firefighting equipment, spill response equipment, personal protection equipment for the emergency response teams) o Protocols for the use of the emergency equipment and facilities o Clear identification of evacuation routes and muster points o Emergency drills and their periodicity based on assigned emergency levels or tiers o Decontamination procedures and means to proceed with urgent remedial measures to contain, limit and reduce pollution within the physical boundaries of the project property and assets to the extent possible. Stakeholder Engagement The Project Company will be required to undertake a process of stakeholder engagement with representative persons and communities directly affected by the activities it undertakes, including if necessary, the public disclosure of its C-ESMP. The Project Company shall also maintain throughout the Project good relations with local communities and will give these communities prior notice of plans and schedules as they might affect local people. The stakeholder engagement process will also be applicable in the event of land acquisition associated with changes in the footprint of activities. Labor Force Management Labor Influx â—? Avoid contamination of fresh water sources â—? Provide opportunities for workers to regularly return to their families â—? Provide opportunities for workers to take advantage of entertainment opportunities away from rural host communities â—? Ensure that children and minors are not employed directly or indirectly on the project, and keep registration and proof of age for all employees on-site. â—? Pay adequate salaries for workers to reduce incentive for theft â—? Pay salaries into workers’ bank accounts rather than in cash â—? Get an appropriate mix of locally and non- locally procured goods to allow local project benefits while reducing risk of crowding out of and price hikes for local consumers â—? Establish substance abuse prevention and management programs 54 â—? Hire workers through recruitment offices, and avoid hiring “at the gateâ€? to discourage spontaneous influx of job seekers â—? Identify authorized water supply source and prohibiting use from other community sources; â—? Put in place measures to reduce water and electricity consumption; â—? Employ locals to the extent possible; â—? Develop and adopt a Gender Action Plan to promote the transfer of construction skills to local women, to facilitate their employment at the Project site, including training and recruitment targets. Labor Conditions â—? Implement the measures and commitments defined in the Labor Management Procedures. A copy of the LMP can be found in the Project ESMF â—? Provide all workers with terms and conditions that comply with Yemeni Labor Legislation, most particularly Decree 5/1995) and applicable International Labour Organization conventions on workplace conditions. Insurance â—? Provide insurance for call employees involved in onsite activities, as indicated by Yemen’s Labor Law â—? Compensate any employee for death or injury, except to the extent that liability arises. Grievance Mechanism for Workers The Contractor will put in place a Grievance Mechanism for its workers and the workers of its subcontractors that is proportionate to its workforce. The GM shall be distinct from the Project level Grievance Mechanism for affected individuals and communities, and shall adhere to the following principles: â—? Provision of information. All workers should be informed about the grievance mechanism at the time they are hired, and details about how it operates should be easily available, for example, included in worker documentation or on notice boards. â—? Transparency of the process. Workers must know to whom they can turn in the event of a grievance and the support and sources of advice that are available to them. All line and senior managers must be familiar with their organization's grievance procedure. â—? Keeping it up to date. The process should be regularly reviewed and kept up to date, for example, by referencing any new statutory guidelines, changes in contracts or representation. â—? Confidentiality. The process should ensure that a complaint is dealt with confidentially. While procedures may specify that complaints should first be made to the workers’ line manager, there should also be the option of raising a grievance first with an alternative manager, for example, a human resource (personnel) manager. â—? Non-retribution. Procedures should guarantee that any worker raising a complaint will not be subject to any reprisal. â—? Reasonable timescales. Procedures should allow for time to investigate grievances fully, but should aim for swift resolutions. The longer a grievance is allowed to continue, the harder it can be for both sides to get back to normal afterwards. Time limits should be set for each stage of the process, for example, a maximum time between a grievance being raised and the setting up of a meeting to investigate it. â—? Right of appeal. A worker should have the right to appeal to the World Bank or national courts if he or she is not happy with the initial finding. â—? Right to be accompanied. In any meetings or hearings, the worker should have the right to be accompanied by a colleague, friend or union representative. â—? Keeping records. Written records should be kept at all stages. The initial complaint should be 55 in writing if possible, along with the response, notes of any meetings and the findings and the reasons for the findings. Any records on SEA shall be registered separately and under the strictest confidentiality. â—? Relationship with collective agreements. Grievance procedures should be consistent with any collective agreements. â—? Relationship with regulation. Grievance processes should be compliant with the national employment code. Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse â—? Provide repeated training and awareness raising to the workforce about refraining from unacceptable conduct toward local community members, specifically women â—? Inform workers about national laws that make sexual harassment and gender-based violence a punishable offence which is prosecuted â—? Prohibit its employees from exchanging any money, goods, services, or other things of value, for sexual favors or activities, or from engaging any sexual activities that are exploitive or degrading to any person. â—? Develop a system to capture gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and workplace sexual harassment related complaints/issues. â—? Adopt a policy to cooperate with law enforcement agencies in investigating complaints about gender-based violence. Protection from Child Labor â—? Verify that workers are older than 18 when hiring â—? Exclude all persons under the age of 18. â—? Review and retain copies of verifiable documentation concerning the age of workers Code of Conduct â—? Contractors shall ensure that all employees, including those of subcontractors, are informed about and sign Code of Conduct: Contractor’s Environmental and Social Reporting Contractors shall monitor, keep records and report on the following environmental and social issues: Safety: hours worked, lost time injury (LTI), lost workdays, recordable incidents and corresponding Root Cause Analysis (lost time incidents, medical treatment cases), first aid cases, high potential near misses, and remedial and preventive activities required (for example, revised job safety analysis, new or different equipment, skills training, and so forth). Environmental incidents and near misses: environmental incidents and high potential near misses and how they have been addressed, what is outstanding, and lessons learned. Major works: those undertaken and completed, progress against project schedule, and key work fronts (work areas). ESHS requirements: noncompliance incidents with permits and national law (legal noncompliance), project commitments, or other ESHS requirements. ESHS inspections and audits: by Project Company, Independent Engineer, UNOPS and its implementing partners, or others—to include date, inspector or auditor name, sites visited and records reviewed, major findings, and actions taken. 56 Workers: list of workers at each site, confirmation of ESHS training, indication of origin (expatriate, local, nonlocal nationals), gender, age with evidence that no child labor is involved, and skill level (unskilled, skilled, supervisory, professional, management). Training on ESHS issues: including dates, number of trainees, and topics. Footprint management: details of any work outside boundaries or major off-site impacts caused by ongoing construction—to include date, location, impacts, and actions taken. External stakeholder engagement: highlights, including formal and informal meetings, and information disclosure and dissemination—to include a breakdown of women and men consulted and themes coming from various stakeholder groups, including vulnerable groups (e.g., disabled, elderly, children, etc.). Details of any security risks: details of risks the Project Company may be exposed to while performing its work—the threats may come from third parties external to the project. Worker grievances: details including occurrence date, grievance, and date submitted; actions taken and dates; resolution (if any) and date; and follow-up yet to be taken—grievances listed should include those received since the preceding report and those that were unresolved at the time of that report. External stakeholder grievances: grievance and date submitted, action(s) taken and date(s), resolution (if any) and date, and follow-up yet to be taken—grievances listed should include those received since the preceding report and those that were unresolved at the time of that report. Grievance data should be gender-disaggregated. Major changes to Contractors environmental and social practices. Deficiency and performance management: actions taken in response to previous notices of deficiency or observations regarding ESHS performance and/or plans for actions to be taken should continue to be reported to UNOPS until it determines the issue is resolved satisfactorily. 57 Annex 2: GRM Complaint and Suggestion Form Yemen Integrated Urban Service ‫إستمارة توثيق ومتابعة شكاوى المستÙ?يدين من‬ ‫المشروع الطارئ للخدمات الحضرية المتكاملة‬ Emergency Project – ‫المشروع الطارئ للخدمات الحضرية المتكاملة‬ ‫المرحلة الثانية‬ YIUSEP II AF ‫المرحلة الثانية‬ ‫نموذج أللية التظلمات والشكاوى‬ Sample of GRM Complaint and Suggestion Form "Documenting and Monitoring Complaints Form of Beneficiaries of Yemen Integrated Urban Services Emergency Project YIUSEP II AF" :‫االسم الثالثي للمستÙ?يد‬ Beneficiary Name Tel Number ‫رقم الهاتÙ? للمتابعة‬ :‫رقم البطاقة الشخصية‬ for follow up ID No. :‫العنوان الدائم‬ Permanent Address )‫وحدة‬/‫اسم النشاط المنÙ?Ø° (مركز‬ Name of Activity under implementation :‫المحاÙ?ظة‬ :‫المديرية‬ :‫القرية‬ :‫مكان تنÙ?يذ النشاط‬ Governorate District Village Place of activity under implementation ‫أخرى‬ ‫مالية‬ ‫Ù?نية‬ ‫إدارية‬ ‫نوع الشكوى‬ Other Financial Technical Administrative Complaint Type :‫موضوع الشكوى‬ Complaint Subject :‫الوضع الحالي‬ Current Situation :‫أسباب المشكلة‬ Reason of the problem :‫توقيع صاحب الشكوى‬ :‫التاريخ‬ Complainant Signature Date UNOPS – Tool Free No 8000190 Tel: 01 504914/915 - SMS: 739888388 Email: ..:‫ الجهة التي يجب أن يقدم لها الشكوى‬- ........................................................................................ GRM.yemen@unops.org The entity, which the complaint should be forwarded to: .......................................................................................................:‫ الرأي Ù?ÙŠ جدية الشكوى‬- Opinion on the seriousness of the complaint .........................................................................................................: ‫ الجهة المحول لها الشكوى‬- The complaint transferred to ...........................................................................................:‫ المدة الزمنية الالزمة للبت Ù?ÙŠ الش كوى‬- Time required for response ..................................................................................:‫ مدى رضى المستÙ?يد عن االستجابة لحل شكواه‬- Satisfaction of beneficiary in responding to his/her complaint : ‫اإلجراءات المتخذة‬ Action taken :‫التاريخ‬ :‫ما ترتب عليها من نتائج‬ Date The results of the action taken ................................................ :‫اسم مستلم الشكوى ووظيÙ?ته‬ Name of person received the complaint and his/her position Signature :...................................... /‫توقيع الموظÙ? المختص‬ .................................. : Date /‫التاريخ‬ 58 Annex 3: Samples of Public Consultation Questionnaires 59 60 61 62 63 Annex 4: Community Framework Agreement between RMF-IU and the Community Committee 64 65