SFG2651 V4 The People’s Republic of China World Bank Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals January 2017 Project name: Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Client: Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Assessment unit: Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Institute Qualification certificate No.: G.H.P.Z.Y.Zi No. 2711 Institute Director: Chen Wei Project director: Ouyang Kun Project technical directors: Wang Wei and Wang Ying Project compilers: Xiang Qiulai, Liu Jun, Yao Hui, Yuan Cuiyu, Xun Zhou, Wu Huan and Tang Jinyao Contents Chapter 1 Project Overview ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Project background .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Category and characteristics of the project ............................................................................. 4 1.4 Environmental assessment method ......................................................................................... 4 1.5 Assessment standards .............................................................................................................. 6 1.5.1 Quality standards .............................................................................................................. 6 1.5.2 Discharge standards .......................................................................................................... 8 1.6 Scope of assessment .............................................................................................................. 11 1.6.1 Screening Method ........................................................................................................... 11 1.6.2 Screening results ............................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Environmental and social sensitive sites ................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2 Framework of laws and regulations ........................................................................... 24 2.1 Legal and regulatory framework ............................................................................................ 24 2.2 World Bank's safeguard policies and compliance analysis .................................................... 34 2.3 Analysis of difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank’s safeguard policies......................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 3 Project Content ............................................................................................................ 45 3.1 Project area overview ............................................................................................................ 45 3.2 Project objectives ................................................................................................................... 47 3.2.1 Overall objective ............................................................................................................. 47 3.2.2 Specific objectives ........................................................................................................... 48 3.3 Project activities .................................................................................................................. 49 3.3.1 Risk-based farmland management demonstration ........................................................ 51 3.3.2 Monitoring and Management of Agricultural Environment ........................................... 58 3.3.3 Project ability development ............................................................................................ 60 3.3.4 Project management and evaluation .............................................................................. 61 Chapter 4 Environmental Status .................................................................................................. 62 4.1 Natural environment .............................................................................................................. 62 4.1.1 Geographical location ..................................................................................................... 62 4.1.2 Landform ......................................................................................................................... 62 4.1.3 Weather........................................................................................................................... 62 4.1.4 Surface water .................................................................................................................. 63 4.2 Ecological environment .......................................................................................................... 64 4.3 Social and economic environment ......................................................................................... 72 4.4 Current situation of agricultural producing areas .................................................................. 80 4.4.1 Current situation of farmland pollution in Hengyang County......................................... 80 4.4.3 Farmland heavy metal pollution sources and treatment effects .................................... 86 4.5 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status ................................ 94 4.5.1 Investigation and assessment of current surface water environment status ................ 94 4.5.2 Investigation and assessment of current soil environment status ............................... 100 4.5.3 Investigation and assessment of current status of irrigation canal sediments ............ 101 4.6 Investigation of agricultural products .................................................................................. 102 4.7 Social influence identification on environment in project area ............................................. 55 Table 4-19 Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area .......................... 55 Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) ........................................................................................................... 62 5.1 Analysis on impacts of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures .................................................................................................................................. 62 5.1.1 Analysis on impacts on water environment during construction ................................... 62 5.1.2 Analysis on impacts on ambient air during construction ................................................ 63 5.1.3 Analysis on impacts on acoustic environment during construction ............................... 64 5.1.4 Analysis on impacts of solid wastes during construction................................................ 64 5.1.5 Analysis on impacts on ecological environment during construction ............................ 66 5.1.6 Analysis on mitigation measures to common impacts of the project civil engineering construction on environment .................................................................................................. 67 5.1.7 Analysis of impact of the project construction activities on the specific points and mitigation measures................................................................................................................. 67 5.2 Analysis on surrounding pollution sources and mitigation measures ................................... 69 5.2.1 Investigation and analysis on surrounding pollution sources ......................................... 69 5.2.2 Mitigation measures ....................................................................................................... 71 5.3 Analysis on impacts of agricultural activities and mitigation measures ................................ 73 5.3.1 Analysis of common environmental impact of agricultural activities ............................. 73 5.3.2 Mitigation Measures of Common Impact of Agricultural Activities on Environment..... 84 5.3.3 Analysis of Impact of Agricultural Activities on Certain Points and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................................................................. 84 Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme................................................................................... 90 6.1 Alternative solution analysis ................................................................................................... 90 Table 6-1 Comparison and Selection of With and Without Project .......................................... 90 6.2 Comparison and selection of project area ............................................................................. 92 6.2.1 Principles of project area selection ................................................................................. 92 6.2.2 Selection of project towns and townships ...................................................................... 93 6.3 Selection of Project Area ..................................................................................................... 99 Chapter 7 Analysis of social impact............................................................................................ 102 7.1 Analysis of social impact ........................................................................................................ 102 7.1.1 Positive impact .............................................................................................................. 102 7.1.2 Negative impact ............................................................................................................ 105 7.1.3 Brief summary of social impacts ................................................................................... 105 7.2 Analysis of social risks ........................................................................................................... 105 7.2.1 Involuntary resettlement .............................................................................................. 105 7.2.2 Living risks of farmers.................................................................................................... 106 7.2.3 Risks of public opinions ................................................................................................. 107 7.3 Control of social risks ............................................................................................................ 108 Chapter 8 Process of Public Participation ................................................................................. 111 8.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment .................................................. 111 8.1.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders .............................. 111 8.1.2 Negotiation methods and contents .............................................................................. 112 8.1.3 Public participation investigation .................................................................................. 113 8.1.4 Information disclosure and feedback............................................................................ 121 8.1.5 Summarization of opinions and feedbacks of public participation............................... 122 8.1.6 Brief summary of public participation........................................................................... 123 8.2 Public participation of social impact assessment................................................................. 127 8.2.1 Principle of public participation and information disclosure of project ....................... 127 8.2.2 Participation of stakeholders in the project preparation stage .................................... 128 8.2.3 Public participation of project execution stage ............................................................ 130 8.2.4 Information Disclosure .................................................................................................. 132 Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Management Plan ......................................................... 139 9.1 Purpose of environmental and social management ............................................................ 139 9.2 Contents of environmental and social management plan ................................................... 139 9.3 Environmental and social management system .................................................................. 139 9.3.1 Setting of environmental and social management organization .................................. 139 9.3.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental and social management system .................................................................................................... 141 9.3.3 Environmental and social management tasks in each project stage ............................ 144 9.4 Environmental and social management training ................................................................. 149 9.4.1 Training purpose ........................................................................................................... 149 9.4.2 Training objects ............................................................................................................. 150 9.4.3 Training contents........................................................................................................... 150 9.4.4 Environmental and social management training plan and fund ................................... 150 9.5 Summary of mitigation measures of environmental and social influence .......................... 151 9.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan ........................................................................................... 157 9.6.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring ................................................................................ 157 9.6.2 Monitoring organization ................................................................................................... 158 9.6.3 Environmental monitoring plan ........................................................................................ 158 9.6.4 Monitoring report system ............................................................................................. 169 9.7 Estimation of environmental and social management expenses ........................................ 169 9.8 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan ........................................ 170 9.8.1 Information communication ......................................................................................... 170 9.8.2 Recording mechanism ................................................................................................... 170 9.8.3 Reporting mechanism ................................................................................................... 171 9.8.4 Document management ............................................................................................... 172 Chapter 10 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 174 10.1 Project brief ........................................................................................................................ 174 10.2 Current situation of environment ...................................................................................... 175 10.3 Analysis of influence on project environment and mitigation measures .......................... 176 10.4 Analysis of social influence of project and mitigation measures ....................................... 178 10.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 178 Appendi x 1 .................................................................................................................................... 1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Small Civil Engineering Works .................................. 1 1. Bid invitation and bidding ...................................................................................................... 1 2. General provisions.................................................................................................................. 1 4. Environmental protection provisions on society ................................................................... 3 ④The construction unit shall post relevant announcement in project construction area one week before project implementation to inform the residents of influence of project construction ahead of time and obtain their understanding. ....................................................... 5 5. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites........................... 5 6. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control ................ 7 7. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control ..... 8 8. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence ............................. 10 9. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes ....................................... 11 10. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment ..................................... 12 11. Environmental protection provisions on construction site................................................ 13 12. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety............................................ 14 Appendix 2 .................................................................................................................................... 16 Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction........................ 1 1. Bid invitation and bidding ...................................................................................................... 1 2. General provisions.................................................................................................................. 2 3. Construction site management measures ............................................................................. 3 4. Construction site construction and facility management measures ..................................... 5 5. Environmental protection provisions on construction stockyards ........................................ 7 6. Environmental protection provisions on society ................................................................... 8 7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites........................... 8 8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control .............. 10 9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control ... 11 10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence ........................... 12 11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes ..................................... 13 12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment ..................................... 14 13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety............................................ 17 Appendix 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities ................................................. 1 1 Environmental protection measures for lime application ...................................................... 1 2 Environmental protection measures for application of soil passivator .................................. 3 3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers ............................. 4 4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes ........................... 5 5. Environmental protection measures for removing straw from farmland ............................. 6 6. Environmental protection measures for management and control of standard-exceeding rice in the husk ........................................................................................................................... 7 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 1 Project Overview 1.1 Project background Hunan Province is also called as “a land of nonferrous metals”. Many farmlands are seriously polluted by nonferrous metals arising from industrial and mining waste water as well as dust fall during mining and smelting. In 2011, nonferrous metal pollution survey and monitoring were developed in rice growing areas of 1.8 million mu in surrounding areas of industrial and mining enterprises, irrigation areas and medium-large suburbs distributed in 45 districts and counties, and 12,000 soil samples were collected in all. According to the monitoring results, the heavy metals that pollute farmland mainly included Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead), As (arsenic), Hg (mercury), and Cr (chromium), especially Cd. In regard to the types of agricultural products, mainly rice and vegetables were polluted. In 2013, the reports about “cadmium-polluted rice storm” by some media aroused widespread attentions of society and high attention of government of all levels, caused huge impact on the rice industry in the whole southern China, and sounded the alarm for the issues on current agricultural production security and farmland protection. Hengyang County in Hunan Province is an important agriculture county located in Hengyang Basin, and it is also a typical city with many years of mining and beneficiating history on the Xiangjiang river basin. There are hundreds of all sizes of factories and mines as well as many pollution sources in Hengyang County, and the background value of soil heavy mental in this county has always been high, so it bears a heavy historical burden of heavy metal pollution. At present, about 20% of natural villages’ farmlands in Hengyang County are suffering different degrees of heavy metal pollution. If crops are planted on these lands, the heavy metal will be absorbed by the plant root system, leading to the reduction of crop yield or production of “poisonous food” and “poisonous vegetables” with excessive content of heavy metal. The heavy metal will be enriched in human body and anima body through the food chain, triggering the cancer and other diseases and causing serious harm to the human and animal health. Given this, with the aims of curbing and controlling pollution of heavy metals and 1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan organic matters in agricultural producing areas, improving environments of agricultural producing areas, and guaranteeing food safety, Hengyang County is listed as the subproject county of “Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land” after rapid risk analysis and research of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province, so as to provide reference and demonstration for other counties in Hunan to explore management modes for farmlands polluted by heavy metals. The project is a Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Hengyang, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production. 1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects From 2014, pollution control and crop planting structure adjustment pilot works were carried out in heavy-metal-polluted farmland of 2,740,100 mu in Changzhutan. Implementation results of the project: VIP remediation mode was adopted; the Cd content of early rice in standard-reaching production area, controlled special production area and substitute planting area all dropped by over 40%, of late rice by 36.7%-72.1%, and the standard-reaching rates of Cd contents of both early rice and late rice obvious increased; the physical and chemical properties of soils became better; pH value of the soils increased slightly. A series of reproducible and promotable technical paths used in the heavy metal control pilot projects in Changzhutan provide valuable experience for integrated management project of polluted farmland in Hunan with World Bank loan, and are of actual significance to management, implementation and operation of technical schemes and projects. (1) In standard-reaching production area, establish service organizations with village or town as the unit, adopt recovery technologies and measures in a centralized way, 2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan including liming, water management optimization, deep ploughing, foliar fertilizer and organic fertilizer, green manure and soil conditioner (passivator and biological agent), and popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties. (2) In controlled special production area, develop emergency treatment, popularize VIP Cd reduction measures, and initiate straw removal and safe utilization pilot; popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties, maintain the original planting habits, continue to plant rice, and implement “four-special and one-enclosure” (i.e., “special varieties, special production area, special purchasing enterprise and special storage warehouse”) based on recovery and treatment of farmland polluted by heavy metals, so as to prevent food with Cd content exceeding standard from entering the market. (3) In substitute planting area, conduct crop planting structure adjustment, with the adjustment principles as follows: the Cd contents of non-food crops or edible arts of food crops shall not exceed the national allowable value; select low-Cd crop varieties including watermelon as alternative crops for planting structure adjustment. Therefore, during the development and implementation of the project of integrated management of contaminated agricultural land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province, it’s necessary to summarize experience and lessons of previous similar projects, learn from successful experience, prepare project area address selection scheme and technical scheme, strengthen technical training for farmers in the project area, conduct monitoring of pollution source, soils, agricultural products, irrigation water, lime and organic fertilizers, avoid “simultaneous pollution and treatment” and secondary pollution, intensify supervision on the process of project implementation, launch supervision on key nodes in accordance with the project implementation plan, master such conditions as task implementation, fund utilization and progress in a timely way, establish technical measure implementation supervision teams in all project areas, and build job log and technical measure implementation supervision account, so as to ensure smooth implementation of the project. 3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 1.3 Category and characteristics of the project Conduct environmental screening of type, position, sensitivity and scale of the project, as well as characteristics and scales of potential environmental impacts in accordance with environmental screening and classification requirements stated in Environmental Assessment of Safety Guarantee Policies of World Bank (OP4.01), and then the project is determined as type-A. It’s necessary to provide environmental assessment results required by type-A projects, including environmental and social management framework (ESMF), environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA), environmental assessment summary (EA Summary), social assessment report (SA) and pest management plan (PMP). The objective of the project is to analyze effective data including rice, Internal agricultural, External agricultural and agricultural production management in Hengyang County, conduct soil pollution risk assessment, farmland pollution source risk assessment and farmland management risk assessment by combining with actual situation in the project area, put forward corresponding risk management measures for different risk model combinations, and realize safety production of agricultural products through farmland risk control with integrated risk control management mechanism. Main contents of the project include contents of four parts, respectively the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation. 1.4 Environmental assessment method (1) Collect farmland soil status monitoring data, irrigation water quality data and surrounding pollution source (including historical pollution source and present pollution source) data in the proposed sub-project area for data arrangement and analysis; determine the proposed project areas according to the project area selection principles stated in the environmental and social management framework. (2) Determine the project implementation area after comparison of proposed project areas; select integrated management technical plan based on farmland soil pollution 4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan degrees; analyze the alternative plan from the aspects of technical maturity, construction difficulty, economic cost, acceptance level of the farmers, environmental influence and social influence. (3) Select appropriate assessment scope according to the actual conditions of the project area after the project area is determined. (4) Preliminarily analyze farmland soil pollution in the project area through field survey, data collection and analysis, public consultation and information disclosure. (5) Collect monitoring data or conduct field monitoring according to monitoring data requirements determined in the environmental assessment outline, and prepare field monitoring plan, including monitoring factor, distribution method, sampling quantity, and sampling and analysis method. (6) Conduct due diligence on heavy metal pollution within the assessment scope, including construction and operation of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste disposal facilities; check if concentration and discharge of waste gas and wastewater reach related standards, and if safety disposal is conducted for solid waste; set up environmental management organization and environmental management system. (7) Build risk model in the project area, and adopt rice standard-exceeding situation as the main assessment index of the risk model; make a comprehensive assessment of soil pollution risk, farmland pollution source risk and farmland management risk, determine different risk models for different project areas according to different risks (no risk I, low risk II, medium risk III, high risk IV, extremely high risk V), and put forward corresponding management and control measures. (8) Identify environmental impacts (including positive and negative impacts) of project activities through analysis of project activities (construction activity, agricultural activity and other activities), and put forward mitigation measures. (9) Prepare environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) of the project area; during project implementation, put forward a series of environmental influence mitigation measures, monitoring and organization construction measures, as well as environmental 5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan management, so as to eliminate or reduce adverse influence of the project on the environment; prepare plan to guarantee smooth implementation of the above measures. (10) Prepare a comprehensive pest management plan (offprint) for all project areas in the whole province, which is used to guide pest management of sub-projects. (11) Invite the public to fill in the participation questionnaires and convene field symposiums. Investigation scope of public investigation: project areas and areas which may be influenced; objects of public investigation: important stakeholders, including the residents involved in the project areas, the residents near the project areas, public figures who pay close attention to the project, public groups in the project areas including agricultural department, environmental protection department, water conservancy department, animal husbandry department, quality and technology supervision department, safety supervision department, and industrial and mining enterprises, and related experts. Conduct two rounds of public consultation and information disclosure during assessment. The first round is after screening the environmental problems and before the final determination of the environmental assessment outline; the second round is in the completion stage of first draft of environmental assessment report. 1.5 Assessment standards 1.5.1 Quality standards (1) Ambient air: level-2 stated in Quality Standards for Ambient Air (GB3095-2012) (which specifies contents related to the effective provisions and implementation and monitoring of the ambient air function classification, standard level pollutants project, average time, concentration limit, monitoring method, and data statistics. The ambient air evaluation of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (2) Surface water: type-II and type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) (this standard consists of the surface water environment quality basic project; the items of the centralized domestic drinking water surface water 6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan source supplementary items and the centralized domestic drinking water surface water source specific project. The surface water conservation of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). Irrigation water: Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) (This standard specifies the requirements, feasible standard and sampling and testing method for the farmland irrigation water quality. It is applicable for the surface water, underground water and the treated urban sewage and the farmland irrigation water of the industrial waste water as the water source similar to the urban sewage water quality. The evaluation and management of the irrigation water of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (3) Acoustic environment: type-2 standards stated in Quality Standards for Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008) (This standard specifies the environment noise limit and measuring method of five kinds of noise environment functional areas. The sound environmental quality and management of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (4) Soils: level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) (This standard specifies the maximum allowable concentration index and the corresponding monitoring method for the soil pollutants according to the soil function, protect the target and soil application function, target and main properties of the soil. The farmland soil evaluation of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province shall be subject to level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995)). (5) Agricultural products (rice samples): National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012) (This standard specifies the limited amount index of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, chromium, nitrite, nitrate, Benzoapyrene, N- dimethylnitrosamine, PCB and 3-MCPD, and the farm produce (rice) of the farmland 7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan environmental pollution integrated management project in Xing County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (6) Sediments in irrigation canals: level-II standard limit values stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). If the dredging sediments fail to exceed Level-II standard, it shall be leveled and backfilled in nearest low areas with little influence on surrounding environment; if the dredging sediments fail to exceed Level-III standard but exceed Level-II standard, it may be applied to the forest land, but if the dredging sediments exceeds Level-III standard, it shall be send to the local refuse landfill for backfilling. 1.5.2 Discharge standards (1) Atmospheric pollutants: level-II stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants (GB16297-1996) (This standard specifies 33 atmospheric pollutant emissions limits and also specifies all requirements in the standard implementation process. Activities of Atmospheric Pollutants related to the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (2) Water pollutants: level-I stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Sewage (GB8978-1996) (with a view to implementing “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China” and “Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”), controlling water pollution, keeping the surface water and underground water of rivers, lakes, canals, tunnels, reservoirs and the sea in excellent condition, this standard is thus formulated, and the water pollutant emission activities involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County , Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (3) Noises: Environmental Noise Discharge Standards in Construction Site (GB 12523-2011) (With a view to implementing “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” and “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control 8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan of Pollution From Environmental Noise”, controlling the building construction noise pollution, improve the sound environmental quality, this standard is thus formulated, and the noise activities during the construction period involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (4) Solid wastes: Standard for Pollution Control on Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001) (revised in 2013) (With a view to implementing “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste”, preventing and controlling the secondary pollution in the storage and disposal of the general storage and disposal of the general industrial solid waste, this standard is thus formulated, and the storage and disposal of the general storage and disposal of the general industrial solid waste (if any) involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County , Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). Standard values of assessment factors: see Table 1-1. 9 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 1-1 Standard Values of Assessment Factors Name of standard Standard value Level-2 stated in Item TSP SO2 NO2 Quality Standards for Hour average value (ug/m3) / 500 200 Ambient Air Annual average value (GB3095-2012) 200 60 40 (ug/m3) Total phosphorus Ammonia nitrogen Type-II stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard value 6～9 15 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.00005 (mg/L) Total phosphorus Ammonia nitrogen Type-III stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard value 6～9 20 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 (mg/L) Item COD SS Cd Pb As Hg Cr Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Standard Water (GB5084-2005) value 150 80 0.01 0.2 0.05 0.001 0.1 (mg/L) Level-II standards Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg stated in ＜6.5 ≤250 ≤30 ≤0.3 ≤250 ≤0.3 Environmental quality Standard standard for soils value 6.5～7.5 ≤300 ≤25 ≤0.3 ≤300 ≤0.5 (GB15618-1995) (mg/kg) ＞7.5 ≤350 ≤20 ≤0.6 ≤350 ≤1.0 Level-III standards Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg stated in Environmental quality Standard standard for soils value ＞6.5 500 30 1.0 400 1.5 (GB15618-1995) (mg/kg) Total Inorganic National Standards Item Hg Cd Pb chromium arsenic for Food Safety: Standard Limits of Pollutants in value 1.0 0.2 0.02 0.2 0.2 Food (GB2762-2012) (mg/kg) Type-2 standards Item At daytime At night stated in Quality Standards for Type-2 Acoustic Environment 60dB(A) 50dB(A) standards (GB3096-2008) Level-II stated in Item PM SO2 NOX 10 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Comprehensive Standards for Discharge Standard of Atmospheric value 120 550 240 Pollutants (mg/m3) (GB16297-1996) Level-I stated in Petrole Item pH SS Pb As Cd Cr Hg CODCr Comprehensive um Standards for Concentrati Discharge of Sewage on limit 6~9 70 5 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.05 100 (GB8978-1996) (mg/L) 1.6 Scope of assessment 1.6.1 Screening Method (1) Include the area that may affect the project area into the assessment scope ● Identify the irrigation water source of project area, and the surrounding potential surface water, groundwater and air pollution sources, including the industrial and mining enterprises involving discharge of heavy metals in upstream of project area, tailings pond, remaining historical pollution source, and slag heap, etc., and determine the areas that may affect the Project, and include them into the assessment scope. ● Heavy metal pollution brought by agricultural productions, such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and agricultural wastes. ● The upstream tailings pond sharing the same surface water system with project area should be included into assessment scope. ● The mountain pond and reservoir as irrigation water source of project area, as well as the upstream reservoir, river, and sediment in mountain pond shall be included into the assessment scope. (2) Include the area that may be affected by project activities into the assessment scope Identify the project construction activity, agricultural activity (such as applying lime and organic fertilizer) and other project activity, and determine the positive or negative influence area that they may cause, and include such area into the assessment scope. 1.6.2 Screening results Down below is the evaluation scope of this project identified according to the actual 11 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan situations of the Project Area; refer to Figure 1-1: (1) Xidu Town Project Area The districts that may affect the project area shall be incorporated into the evaluation scope: Irrigation water source and Zhengshui River allowing the sewage discharge; agricultural production activities of the farmers in the project area, such as, the use condition of the chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the generation and disposal method of the agricultural waste; construction activities, agronomic activities (such as, the lime and organic fertilizer application) as well as the other areas affecting the project activities shall be incorporated into the evaluation scope, including the surrounding villages, forest land, refuse landfill, agricultural inputs packaging recycling station, Pomelo planting base, excessive rice purchasing companies, mainly involving Qingmu Village, Meihua Village, Douling Village, Xianzhong Village, Shuangqiao Village and Xidu Town Forestland, Hengyang County Lida Refuse Landfill, Hengyang Agricultural Materials Recycling Station, Hengzhou Pomelo Planting Base and Hunan Dinggu Winery Co., Ltd.. (2)Taiyuan County Project Area The districts that may affect the project area shall be incorporated into the evaluation scope: Irrigation water source and Zhengshui River allowing the sewage discharge; agricultural production activities of the farmers in the project area, such as, the use condition of the chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the generation and disposal method of the agricultural waste; construction activities, agronomic activities (such as, the lime and organic fertilizer application) as well as the other areas affecting the project activities shall be incorporated into the evaluation scope, including the surrounding villages, school, forest land, refuse landfill, agricultural inputs packaging recycling station, Pomelo planting base, excessive rice purchasing companies, mainly involving Jiushi Village, Taijiu Village, Hengxing Village, Changqing Village, Ruiji Primary School and Xidu Town Forestland, Hengyang County Lida Refuse Landfill, Hengyang Agricultural Materials Recycling Station, Hengzhou Pomelo Planting Base and Hunan Dinggu Winery Co., Ltd.. (3) Hongshi Town Project Area 12 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan The districts that may affect the project area shall be incorporated into the evaluation scope: Irrigation water source and Zhengshui River allowing the sewage discharge; agricultural production activities of the farmers in the project area, such as, the use condition of the chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the generation and disposal method of the agricultural waste; construction activities, agronomic activities (such as, the lime and organic fertilizer application) as well as the other areas affecting the project activities shall be incorporated into the evaluation scope, including the surrounding villages, forest land, refuse landfill, agricultural inputs packaging recycling station, Pomelo planting base, excessive rice purchasing companies, mainly involving Hongshi Village, Yutian Village, Gaolu Village, Daoshan Village, Qingjiang Village, Shimen Village and Xidu Forestland, Hengyang County Lida Refuse Landfill, Hengyang Agricultural Materials Recycling Station, Hengzhou Pomelo Planting Base and Hunan Dinggu Winery Co., Ltd.. 1.7 Environmental and social sensitive sites According to the field investigation of the project areas, the environmental and social sensitive sites of the project are shown in Table 1-2 and Figures 1-2~1-4. 13 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 1-2 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Hengyang County Nam Protection type Scale Remarks No. e It is originated in Shaodong and enters Hengyang County Irrigation water source through Jinlan Town of for the Xidu Town Hengyang County, showing a Project Area, with a Z shape. It flows through length of 133 km within Hongshi Town, Sanhu Town, Surface Zhengshui the territory of Hengyang Zhajiang Town, Taiyuan Town water County, a catchment area and Xidu Town of Hengyang of 2336km2 and County as well as Santang multi-year mean runoff Town of Hengnan County, volume of 1.6 billion m3. Daiyingling of Zhengxiang District, etc. and flows into Xiang River in Shigu District. Mainly the population Qingmu influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 3 households Mainly the population Meihua influenced by civil Xidu Village construction activities, Tow Atmosphe about 4 households n ric 1 Mainly the population Proj environme Xidu Town Project Area has a Douling influenced by civil ect nt and farmland area of 397.25 Village construction activities, Area acoustic hectares about 5 households environme Mainly the population nt Xianzhong influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 4 households Mainly the population Shuangqiao influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 3 households The removal of straw from the Planting scale: 1,000 ha., farmland involving Liangjiang Hengzhou Pomelo with the annual treated Village, Yongning Village and Planting Base straw volume 20,000 tons Qunying Village in Taiyuan Town The company purchases the Hunan Dinggu Winery Co., / rice in excess of the standard Ltd. with Cd content ＞0.2mg/kg, involving Liansheng Village 14 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan and Qingmu Village in Xidu Town Located in Xidu Town, Hengyang County, able to accept the heavy metal residue in excess of the standard and Occupying the land heavy metal content of Hengyang County Lida 236.47 mu with the waste irrigation channel dredging Refuse Landfill disposal volume 300 sediments exceeding Level-III tons/day standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) Used for accepting heavy metal content of irrigation channel dredging sediments exceeding Level-II standards Xidu Forestland Area: 67,000 mu stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), but able to comply with Level-III standards Agricultural inputs packaging Hengyang Agricultural recycling station located in Materials Recycling / County Seat of Hengyang Station County 136 poverty-stricken households with the Poverty stricken population population up to 523 persons 15 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 1-2 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Hengyang County (Continued) No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Irrigation water source It is originated in Shaodong and for the Taiyuan Town enters Hengyang County through Project Area, with Jinlan Town of Hengyang County, length of 133km within showing a Z shape. It flows the territory of through Hongshi Town, Sanhu Surface Zhengshui Hengyang County, Town, Zhajiang Town, Taiyuan water catchment area of Town and Xidu Town of Hengyang 2336km2 and County as well as Santang Town of multi-year mean runoff Hengnan County, Daiyingling of volume of 1.6 billion Zhengxiang District, etc. and flows m3. into Xiang River in Shigu District. Mainly the population Jiushi influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 3 households Mainly the population Atmosp Taijiu influenced by civil heric Village construction activities, environ about 3 households Taiyuan Town Project Area has a ment Mainly the population farmland area of 445.59 hectares Taiyuan and Hengxing influenced by civil Town acousti 2 Village construction activities, Project c about 5 households Area environ Mainly the population ment Changqing influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 3 households Ruiji Total 300 teachers and Located in Taijiu Village of Primary students Taiyuan Town School Planting scale: 1,000 The removal of straw from the Hengzhou Pomelo ha., with the annual farmland involving Liangjiang Planting Base treated straw volume Village, Yongning Village and 20,000 tons Qunying Village in Taiyuan Town The company purchases the rice in excess of the standard with Cd Hunan Dinggu / content ＞ 0.2mg/kg, involving Winery Co., Ltd. Liansheng Village and Qingmu Village in Xidu Town Used for accepting heavy metal content of irrigation channel Xidu Forestland Area: 67,000 mu dredging sediments exceeding Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for 16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan soils (GB15618-1995), but able to comply with Level-IIIstandards Located in Xidu Town, Hengyang County, able to accept the heavy metal residue in excess of the Occupying the land standard and heavy metal content Hengyang County 236.47 mu with the of irrigation channel dredging Lida Refuse Landfill waste disposal volume sediments exceeding Level-III 300 tons/day standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) Hengyang Agricultural inputs packaging Agricultural Materials / recycling station located in County Recycling Station Seat of Hengyang County 94 poverty-stricken Poverty stricken households with the population population up to 267 persons 17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 1-2 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Hengyang County (Continued) No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks It is originated in Shaodong and enters Hengyang County Irrigation water source through Jinlan Town of for the Taiyuan Town Hengyang County, showing a Z Project Area, with length shape. It flows through Hongshi of 133km within the Town, Sanhu Town, Zhajiang Surface Zhengsh territory of Hengyang Town, Taiyuan Town and Xidu water ui County, catchment area of Town of Hengyang County as 2336km2 and multi-year well as Santang Town of mean runoff volume of Hengnan County, Daiyingling of 1.6 billion m3. Zhengxiang District, etc. and flows into Xiang River in Shigu District. Mainly the population Hongshi influenced by civil Village construction activities, about 5 households Mainly the population Yutian influenced by civil Hongsh i Town Village construction activities, 3 Project about 6 households Area Atmosp Mainly the population heric Gaolu influenced by civil environ Village construction activities, Hongshi Town Project Area has ment about 4 households a farmland area of 529.5 and hectares Mainly the population acoustic Daoshan influenced by civil environ Village construction activities, ment about 4 households Mainly the population Qingjian influenced by civil g construction activities, Village about 3 households Mainly the population Shimen influenced by civil Village construction activities, 18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan about 3 households The removal of straw from the Planting scale: 1,000 ha., farmland involving Liangjiang Hengzhou Pomelo with the annual treated Village, Yongning Village and Planting Base straw volume 20,000 tons Qunying Village in Taiyuan Town The company purchases the rice in excess of the standard with Hunan Dinggu / Cd content ＞ 0.2mg/kg, Winery Co., Ltd. involving Liansheng Village and Qingmu Village in Xidu Town Used for accepting heavy metal content of irrigation channel dredging sediments exceeding Level-II standards stated in Xidu Forestland Area: 67,000 mu Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), but able to comply with Level-III standards Located in Xidu Town, Hengyang County, able to accept the heavy metal residue Occupying the land in excess of the standard and Hengyang County 236.47 mu with the waste heavy metal content of irrigation Lida Refuse disposal volume 300 channel dredging sediments Landfill tons/day exceeding Level-III standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) Hengyang Agricultural inputs packaging Agricultural recycling station located in / Materials County Seat of Hengyang Recycling Station County 124 poverty-stricken Poverty stricken households with the population population up to 367 persons 19 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Figure 1-1 Map of Hengyang County Project Area Location and Enterprises Involved with Heavy Metal Pollution, Distribution of Environment Sensitive Points and Evaluation Scope 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Figure 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Xidu Town Project Area 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Figure 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Taiyuan Town Project Area 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Figure 1-4 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Hongshi Town Project Area 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 2 Framework of laws and regulations 2.1 Legal and regulatory framework (1) Relevant national laws, regulations, and policies Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (revised in 2004): The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that all ethnic groups in the People’s Republic of China are equal. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the ethnic minorities and upholds and develops a relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of China’s nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or instigates division is prohibited. The state assists areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in accelerating their economic and cultural development according to the characteristics and needs of the various ethnic minorities. Regional autonomy is practiced, autonomous organ is set up, and the power of autonomy is exercised in the areas where people of ethnic minorities live in compact communities. All national autonomous areas are integral parts of the People's Republic of China. All nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, as well as the freedom to preserve or reform their own customs. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall strictly obey the regulations of the Constitution on equality of nationality, fully respect the cultural custom, religious belief, spoken and written languages of ethnic minority regions, and promote the social and economic development in ethnic minority regions. Law of People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy (implemented on October 1, 1984): Regional national autonomy means that the ethnic minorities, under unified state leadership, practice regional autonomy in areas where they live in concentrated communities and set up organs of self-government for the exercise of the power of autonomy. Regional national autonomy embodies the State’s full respect for and guarantee of the right of the ethnic minorities to administer their internal affairs and its adherence to the principle of equality, unity and common prosperity for all the nationalities. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall fully respect the ethnic minorities’ right of autonomy instead of interfering in their internal affairs. 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Law of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 2015): The regulations on environmental protection of this law, which shall be observed by the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, in order to protect and improve the environment, prevent pollution and other public hazards, safeguard public health, advance ecological civilization construction, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (implemented on June 1, 2008): The regulations formulated, in order to prevent water pollution, protect and improve environment, guarantee safety of drinking water, and promote the all-round and harmonious sustainable development of economy and society. Applicable to prevention and control of surface water and ground water pollution in rivers, lakes, canals, channels, and reservoirs within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of water pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (implemented on January 1, 2016): This law specifies the supervision system and main legal system for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, main measures and legal liabilities for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution caused by combustion, emission pollution of motor vehicles and ships, and waste gas, dust and odor pollutions. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution (implemented on April 1, 2005): Applicable to prevention and control of the environment polluted by solid waste within the People's Republic of China, in order to prevent the environment from being polluted by solid waste, safeguard human health, maintain ecological security, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of solid waste. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Noise Pollution (implemented on March 1, 1997): Applicable to prevention and control of environmental noise pollution within the People's Republic of China, in order to prevent the environmental noise pollution, protect and improve the living environment, safeguard human health, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of environmental noise pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental Effects (implemented on September 1, 2003): To analyze, forecast, and evaluate the possible environmental impacts after implementation of planning and construction project, and propose the countermeasures to prevent or ease the adverse environmental impacts, as well as the method and system for tracking monitoring, this law stipulates that construction of projects that have environmental impact within the territory of the People’s Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China shall be subject to environmental impact assessment according to this law. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall evaluate the environmental impacts in accordance with this law. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Preservation of Antiques (October 2002): In order to strengthen regulations on protection of cultural relics, this law stipulates that within the scope of protection and the area for construction control of a protected historical and cultural site, no facility that pollutes the site and the environment thereof shall be constructed, neither any activity that may affect the safety and environment of that site shall be carried out. The already polluted historical and cultural site and its environmental facilities shall be controlled in a time limit. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on preservation of antiques. Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 1 995): formulated in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of laborers, adjust labor relationships, establish and safeguard a labor system suited to the socialist market economy, and promote economic development and social progress. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on protection of 26 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan employees’ rights and interests. Labor Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 2008): formulated in order to improve the labor contract system, specify the rights and obligations of the parties to the labor contract, protect the legal rights and interests of employees, build and develop the harmonious and stable labor relations. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on employees labor contract. Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Employment (implemented on January 1, 2008): enacted in order to promote employment, coordination between economic development and employment increase, and harmony and stability of society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on employment training, etc. The Social Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on July 1, 2011): formulated for the purposes of regulating social insurance relationship, protecting the legal rights and interests of citizens in participating in social insurance and enjoying social insurance benefits, enabling citizens to share the development achievements and promoting social harmony and stability. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on social insurance. Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland of People’s Republic of China (December 27, 1998): Primary purpose of delimiting protection areas of basic farmlands is to implement special protection of basic farmlands, so as to meet needs of China's future population and national economic development for agricultural products, and guarantee the sustainable, stable and rapid development of agricultural production and even national economy. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land may need to occupy basic farmlands, and shall observe the regulations of this law on protection of basic farmlands, if the protection areas of basic farmlands can't be avoided. The 13th Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority Undertakings (implemented in November 2016): this plan is made by combining the actual situation of ethnic minorities in Hunan Province and minority areas, in order to achieve the strategic target of building a moderately 27 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan prosperous society. According to the work ideas of "develop with project leading, work with project implementation, and plan with project supporting", this plan proposes 12 categories, 66 key construction projects, and policy measures in 8 aspects, including finance and taxation, finance, investment, land, ecology, industry, talent, and counterpart assistance. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall be fully combined with the 13th Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority Undertakings of Hunan Province to implement the mutual promotion. Regulation on the Implementation of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (Decree No. 256 of the State Council) (implemented on December 27, 1998):Article 47 stipulates that for expropriating land, the compensation shall be made according to the original purposes of the land expropriated. Compensation fees for land expropriated include land compensation fees, resettlement fees and compensation for attachments to or green crops on the land. The current land expropriation compensation system is determined in accordance with Article 47 of the Land Administration Law. If the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land involves land expropriation compensation, the specific standards for compensation and settlement shall be formulated in accordance with Article 47 of the Land Administration Law. The State Council’s Decision on Deepening Reform and Managing Strictly Land (GF [2004] No. 28) (implemented on October 21, 2004) further specifies that the procedure for approval and compensation of basic farmland expropriation shall be rigorously enforced, and the expropriation compensation shall be implemented according to the legal highest standard for approval of the basic farmland occupation. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall follow the procedure stipulated by this law for approval and compensation of basic farmland expropriation. Guidance on Improving the System for Land Expropriation Compensation and Settlement (GTZF [2004] No. 238) (implemented on November 3, 2004): Formulated for the purposes of rational use of land, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the land-expropriated farmers, this law develops and improves the expropriation compensation standard, approaches of resettlement of land-expropriated farmers, expropriation working 28 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan procedure, and expropriation implementation and supervision. Involving the guiding work for land expropriation and resettlement, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to obey the compensation and resettlement stipulated by this law. Measures for Announcement of Land Expropriation (Decree No. 10 of Ministry of Land Resources) (implemented on January 1, 2002): These measures are formulated in order to standardize the announcement of land requisition, protect the legal rights and interests of rural collective economic organizations, villagers or other obligees. These measures stipulate that if farmers' collectively owned land is expropriated, the land expropriation scheme and compensation shall be announced in written form within the village and group where the expropriated land locates. The land-expropriated rural collective economic organizations, villagers or other obligees may have different opinions on land expropriation compensation and resettlement scheme, or have the right to hold a hearing. In accordance with these measures, the land expropriation compensation and resettlement scheme involved by the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land belong to announcement and need to be announced and accept the social supervision. Notice of Ministry of Land Resources and Ministry of Agriculture on Improving Facilities and Farmland Management (GTZF [2010] No. 155 Document) (implemented on September 30, 2010): This law is formulated in order to solve the prominent problems in land expropriation, such as low compensation standard, one land different price, and high randomness. It specifies all links, such as calculation method, organization and implementation steps of land expropriation expenses, and provides the clear, specific, and feasible guiding basis for calculation of land expropriation compensation expense. Therefore, it can be implemented in accordance with this law, when the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to formulate and calculate the unified annual output standard and area's comprehensive land price for land expropriation. National Soil Pollution Investigation Bulletin (issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection, and Ministry of Land Resources on April 17, 2014): From April 2005 to December 2013, China conducted the first survey of national soil pollution status and basically mastered the overall status of national soil environment quality. The National Soil 29 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Pollution Investigation Bulletin was published according to the survey results, and its grading method of heavy metal pollution degree was cited in the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land as the pollution grading method of heavy metals except cadmium. Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (issued by the State Council, May 31, 2016): This action plan is made in order to strengthen prevention and control of soil pollution, and gradually improve soil environment quality, and it can serve as the reference for Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land to formulate the management measures for polluted farmlands. (2) Standards Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995): This standard stipulates the index value of maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in soil and corresponding monitoring method, according to soil applications, protection objects, and main properties of soil. It is applicable to the soil in farmland, vegetable field, tea garden, orchard, pasture, woodland, and nature reserve. In the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, the farmland soil assessment adopts the grade II standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995), canal desilting adopts the grade III standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995). Without exceeding the grade III standard, the dredging sediments can be applied to woodland; otherwise, they shall be sent to the local landfill for landfill. Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002): These standards are formulated in order to prevent water pollution, protect quality of surface water, safeguard human health, and maintain good ecosystem, and they are divided into basic items on environmental quality of surface water, supplementary items and specific items on surface water source of central drinking water system. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land strictly implements these standards for surface water protection. Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005): these standards specify the methods for implementing the requirements and standards on irrigation water quality, and 30 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan sampling detection, and they are applicable to China's irrigation water with the surface water, groundwater, treated urban sewage, and the industrial wastewater that has similar quality with urban sewage as the water source. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land strictly implements these for evaluation and management of the irrigation water. Quality standard for ground water (GB/T14848-1993): This standard is formulated in order to protect and develop the groundwater resources reasonably, prevent and control pollution of ground water, safeguard human health, and promote economic development, and it stipulates the quality classification, quality inspection, evaluation method, and quality protection of ground water. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for evaluation of ground water. Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-2012): This standard is formulated in order to protect and improve the living and ecological environments, and safeguard human health. It stipulates, implements, and supervises the function classification, standard grading, pollutant item, mean time and concentration limit, monitoring method, and data statistics of ambient air. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for evaluation of ambient air. Environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008): This standard is formulated in order to prevent noise pollution, safeguard the acoustic environment quality for normal life, work, and study of urban and rural residents. It specifies ambient noise limits and measuring methods for 5 acoustic environment function areas. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for acoustic environment quality and management. Integrated emission standard of air pollutants (GB12697-1996): This standard specifies the emission limit of 33 air pollutants, as well as various requirements during implementation of the standard. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to implement this standard for the activities involving discharge of air pollutants. Standards for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes (GB 18599-2001): this standard is formulated in order to prevent and control the 31 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan secondary pollution of general industrial solid waste in storage and disposal site. It specifies the location, design, operating management, closing and sealing, pollution control and monitoring of general industrial solid waste's storage and disposal site. Involving the storage and disposal of general industrial solid waste, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall implement this standard. Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001 2013 Revision): this standard is formulated in order to prevent the environmental pollution during storage of hazardous wastes, and strengthen the supervision and management of hazardous wastes storage. It specifies the general requirements on storage of hazardous wastes, as well as the requirements on location design, operation, running, safety protection, monitoring and closure of packing and storage facilities of hazardous wastes. If hazardous wastes are involved in relocation or closure of the enterprises in the area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, this standard shall be implemented. (3) Relevant policies of Hunan Province Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Hunan Province: In Chapter 12, it proposes to speed up the agricultural modernization and improve the agricultural product quality safety system, and it specifies implementing differentiated land management policies, scientifically determining various land scales, and strictly controlling the land use. For different main functional area, different total pollutant discharge control and environmental standard are implemented. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to be included into the development objectives of "The 13th Five-year Plan" of Hunan Province, for performance assessment. Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan Province on Adjusting the Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation of Hunan Province (XZF [2012] No. 46) (December 18, 2012): This law is formulated in order to further standardize the land expropriation compensation of Hunan Province, and safeguard the legal rights and interests of land-expropriated rural collective economic organizations and farmers. This law stipulates that the land expropriation compensation standard includes both land compensation and resettlement compensation. Collective land for construction, rural roads, ponds and other 32 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan agricultural land shall be expropriated in accordance with the local compensation standard for land expropriation. As stipulated by the above law, involving expropriation of farmland, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall give land compensation and resettlement subsidy to the one with land expropriated, in accordance with the local compensation standard for land expropriation. Several Preferential Policies of the People’s Government of Hunan Province on Accelerating the Social and Economic Development of Ethnic Minorities and Ethnic Regions (April 25, 2000): These policies are preferential policies formulated in order to speed up the economic development and social progress of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions; increase investment efforts in ethnic regions; accelerate construction of transportation, electric power, and communication in ethnic regions; alleviate poverty in ethnic regions through development; introduce preferential fiscal and taxation policies in ethnic regions; increase special ethnic fund; speed up agricultural development of ethnic regions; continue the grain for green and differential subsidy for grain; support ethnic regions to accelerate construction of small towns; strongly support adjustment of the industrial structure in ethnic regions, and speed up reform, reorganization, and restructuring of enterprises; implement national and provincial preferential policies on ethnic trade and fixed manufacturer of ethnic articles; help ethnic regions to speed up technology progress; cultivate and introduce various talents. If the area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land involves the implementation of EMP item points, policy advantages shall be fully taken to realize the social and economic development of ethnic regions. 33 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 2.2 World Bank's safeguard policies and compliance analysis The World Bank formulates ten safeguard policies in social and environmental aspects. Identify whether the ten policies are involved according to the project nature, determined assessment scope and field investigation, with results shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Analysis of Compliance of WB Safeguard Policies Involved in the Project If No. Safeguard policies Compliance applicable The project is designed to demonstrate a risk-based integrated approach to managing agricultural land contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants for safe agricultural production in selected counties in Hunan. This project aims to demonstrate the risk-based approach to managing contaminated farmlands, and thus has significant positive environmental OP/BP 4.01 and social benefits. The impacts mainly the construction related activities during the construction of the small civil works 1 Environmental Yes such as irrigation canals on the farmland, however, the heavy metal pollution sources could be significant to the environment Assessment and community health if not well managed. If agricultural products contaminated with heavy metals in the project area inflow to the market, it will have a negative impact on society and will lead to food safety issues. Therefore, the project is classified as Category A as per OP4.01 Environmental Assessment. OP/BP 4.04 2 The project is mainly a farming area with frequent human activities. There is no natural habitat here. No Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.36 The policy is not used. The project will not support major changes or degradation activities of important forest regions or 3 No Forests related important natural habitats determined by the policy. The project will support sustainable soil management practice to restore and maintain the soil quality, including chemical management. Therefore, Pest Management (OP/BP4. 09) is used in the project. It’s necessary to prepare a pest management plan (PMP), which puts forward pest control and management method, and stresses the method of integrated pest OP/BP4.09 4 management and recommends application scopes under various conditions, and provides a list of fertilizers, insecticides and Yes Pest Management herbicides conforming to category requirements recommended by the World Health Organization according to the project demands. PMP should also include training and monitoring scheme for project stakeholders, with implementation of training and monitoring scheme included in the project budget. OP/BP 4.11 There is no cultural relics protection unit in the project area. No occupation or removal of graves is involved; however, it’s 5 Physical Cultural No necessary to adopt Disposal Procedures of Cultural Relics. Resources OP/BP 4.37 The construction of this project includes flood irrigation and so on. It does not involve the water source reservoir dam and 6 No Safety of Dams does not trigger Dam Safety Guarantee Policy (OP4.37) of the World Bank. 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan OP/BP4. 10 This project does not apply to the World Bank's definition of ethnic minorities and does not trigger the Bank's policy on 7 No Aboriginal People ethnic minorities. OP/BP4. 12 The majority of civil construction activities in the project villages do not require land acquisition or demolition, and do not 8 Involuntary No involve involuntary resettlement. Resettlement OP/BP7.50 9 Projects in International The policy is not used; there is no international watercourse involved in the project area. No Waterways OP/BP 7.60 10 Project in Disputed The policy is not used; there is no disputed area involved in the project area. No Areas According to the above identification results, the applicable safety guarantee policies are as follows: (1) Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01); (2) Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09). 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 2.3 Analysis of difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank’s safeguard policies (1) Difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank's safeguard policies  OP/BP4. 01 Environmental Assessment (EA) Generally speaking, World Bank's requirements on project's EA are basically consistent with China's requirements on EA, but differ a little in some emphasis points and procedure contents. Word Bank has stricter regulations and requirements than domestic ones, while China has its own features in EA. Firstly, the classification method differs. China's Directory of EA Classification and Management specifies the quantitative index thresholds, so as to determine whether the project needs the EA report/table. EA report is subdivided into 3 job classes. World Bank adopts the qualitative classification standard, where experts judge and divide into Class A, B, C projects according to EA policies. Class A and B projects are basically the same in EA contents, unlike China, where the EA scope, period, content, and method are specified after job class is divided further. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land belongs to Class A project, so EA shall be performed in accordance with World Bank's requirements on Class A project. Secondly, the area of influence and range of assessment may differ with projects. World Bank pays simultaneous attention to the impacts and possible impacts of the project. Therefore, when making EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, possible impacts of this project on environment shall be fully considered, and the prepared prevention, mitigation or compensation measures for adverse environmental impacts shall be listed in EA. Thirdly, EA tools differ. China has the planning environmental assessment (EA), EA report, and EA report form, while the World Bank has the strategic EA, regional EA, ESIA, ESMP, EMP, ESMP, ESMF, ECOP, and assessment of hazards and risks involved in due diligence. For the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, ESMF 36 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan and ESIA have been prepared, and ESIA includes the ESMP and ECOP. Fourthly, when judging environmental impacts of the project, apart from considering the project type, scale, place, and sensitivity, the World Bank has to consider its social impacts comprehensively, closely combine EA and SA (social assessment), however domestic project often makes SA independently. Therefore, when making EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, the social impacts brought by project activities shall be identified fully, and corresponding mitigation measures shall be proposed. Fifthly, public participation. World Bank attaches great importance to information disclosure and public participation. Class A project requires public consultation for at least twice: after completion of EA outline and first draft of EA, In China, EA of project also requires public consultation for twice: after determination of EA presiding unit and completion of first draft of EA report. Therefore, public participation of project shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures of the World Bank, during EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land. Sixthly, associated projects. World Bank requires the due diligence, impact analysis, and proposing measures for the items or facilities affected by this project or affecting this project. During EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, due diligence shall be conducted to the pollution source that affects this project area, and measures shall be taken to mitigate the impacts. Seventhly, World Bank has EHS guidelines for safety and health, while China has independent safety evaluation. Therefore, Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to introduce the applicable measures for EHS guidelines into this project. Eighthly, analyze the alternative schemes. Generally, China's EA requires no comparison or analysis of various schemes for the project. Although the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Assessment requires analysis of alternative schemes for grade I projects, generally EA only demonstrates the rationality of the scheme selected through feasibility study in practice. World Bank requires analysis of alternative schemes for EA of Class A 37 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan project and it requires the systematic comparison of different scheme's impacts on environment, feasibility of easing these impacts, investment and operating costs for mitigation measures, fitness to local conditions, and requirements on training and monitoring. These alternative schemes may be different construction place, different type of process, raw material, operating conditions, and mitigation measures. ESMF of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land has compared the project county, project area, and with and without project, to provide scientific basis for project decision. Ninthly, EMP and ESMP lay special emphasis on implementation of measures, supervision during project implementation is required in special chapters of ESIA and EIA, while strengthening measure supervision during project implementation is proposed in the latest domestic technical standard, coinciding more and more with World Bank policies.  OP/BP 4. 04 Natural Habitats The World Bank supports the protection, maintenance, and restoration of the natural habitat and its functions, and expects the debtor to take defensive measures in management of natural resources, to ensure the sustainable development of the environment. If the project includes a natural habitat, relevant environmental experts shall be arranged to participate in stages of project preparation, evaluation, and inspection, to ensure to formulate and implement the sufficient mitigation measures. The World Bank won't support the project that causes great transformation or degeneration to critical natural habitats. China has issued the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Nature Reserves, Regulations on Management of Land in Nature Reserves, Regulations Of the People's Republic Of China on Wild Plants Protection, which don't support the project that causes great transformation or degeneration to critical natural habitats either. The area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land is mainly cultivation area that has frequent human activities and involves no natural habitat.  OP/BP 4. 36 Forests Forestry factors are considered by the World Bank in order to reduce excessive deforestation, improve environmental construction of forest, propagate afforestation, alleviate 38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan poverty, and encourage economic development. The World Bank won't provide funds for felling trade or purchase of tools made of primary tropical rain forest. The bank's lending behavior in forestry is based on government commitment, to ensure the forest management and directional protection. Similarly, Chinese government has implemented protection policies for forestry and formulated the Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China to strictly forbid logging of natural forest and virgin forest, propagate afforestation. Besides, it has formulated and implemented multiple forestry ecological projects and plans, and planted trees vigorously to protect the ecological environment.  OP/BP 4. 09 Pest Management When helping the debtor to prevent and control the pest that affects agricultural or public health, the World Bank advocates and supports this strategy: popularize the biological or environmental control method, and reduce dependence on chemical synthesis pesticides. Among the projects subsidized by World Bank, the debtor studies the problems on pest management through EA of this project. When evaluating the project involving pest management, the World Bank will evaluate the legal and regulatory framework of this state and the capability of the organization, to see whether they can promote and support the safe and effective pest management that benefits the environment. When necessary, the World Bank and the debtor will include relevant contents into the project components to strengthen such capability. In order to boost the specialized uniform prevention and control of crop pest, the pest management policy of the World Bank is striving to prevent the use of and the exposure to dangerous pesticide and the World Bank won't finance any product that is listed by WHO as IA or IB product or belongs to Class II product. Chinese government has formulated the Regulations on Specialized Uniform Prevention and Control of Crop Pest, to advocate supports of the organization that develops the specialized uniform prevention and control of crop pest, standardize the service behaviors of specialized uniform prevention and control, improve the pest prevention and control capability of crops, guarantee the safety of food, agricultural products, and ecological environment. Meanwhile, Chinese government has also published the list of high-toxic pesticides expressly prohibited by the state to use on 39 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan vegetables, fruit trees, tea leaves, and Chinese herbal medicines. The World Bank and China have consistent requirements on pest management.  OP/BP 4. 11 Physical Cultural Resources Compared with China, World Bank has wider identification scope of physical cultural resources, for instance, the ancestral temple, ancient wells, and old houses which are not listed into domestic protection scope may be listed by the World Bank into the protection scope, but both are consistent in principle and management of cultural relics. Therefore, when we make EA of the World Bank's projects, we shall define the World Bank's policies and cultural resources more clearly, and take corresponding protective measures for projects involving physical cultural resources.  OP/BP 4. 37 Safety of Dams The World Bank pays attention to safety of its financed new dam, and the built dam directly subordinated to its financed project. The World Bank requires the debtor to accept and take safety measures for the dam, during design, bid invitation, construction, operation, and maintenance of the dam and relevant buildings. Chinese government has also given strict requirements for dam safety, issued the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Reservoir Dam, and proposed that the dam shall be constructed and managed in accordance with the policy of safety first. Dam construction shall conform to the technical standard for dam safety prepared by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council jointly with related dam authorities, and have the engineering design. The unit with relevant qualification certificate shall perform the engineering design of the dam, and implement the periodic safety inspection and verification system, which are consistent with World Bank's policy requirements.  OP/BP4. 10 Ethnic Minority In China, except for Han people which account for around 90% of the total population of the country, all other ethnics are considered as the ethnic minority. There is some difference between the definitions by World Bank and Chinese government. The WB IP definition as follows: 40 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 1) Self-identification as member of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; 2) Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories. 3) Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture. 4) use an indigenous language, which is often different from the official language of the country or region. According to the definition of WB, ethnic minority means an ethic with its own unique culture and language, and the whole group lives in a specific geographic area, this definition is different from China: even if an ethnic person lives away from his or her original ethnic minority area, such as living in a city, such a person would also still be seen as an ethnic minority. SA group will identify the project area based on World Bank's policy on ethnic minorities; if there is the ethnic minority that meets the definition of World Bank's policy on ethnic minorities, the EMDP will be launched.  OP4.12 Involuntary resettlement Generally speaking, there are no huge differences between involuntary resettlement policy in both China and WB OP4.12, there purpose and normal procedure are the same. Both of them pay attention to avoid involuntary resettlement or try to minimize it and make sure a long-term living for those immigrants at the level they used to have. During the process of involuntary resettlement activities, not only compensation but also healing, ME are required. However, there are some policy gaps between these 2 sides. Firstly, related projects in involuntary resettlement range. When focus on the involuntary resettlement, WB concerns both within and related involuntary resettlement immigrants. But China only focus on the within part. Secondly, compensation for legal or illegal buildings and illegally occupation. Generally, according to the policy in China, only legal one would get the compensation, by comparison, WB accept both legal and illegal ones to get compensation. 41 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Thirdly, compensation standard. WB requests to compensate all replacement costs or replace affected house and other property with property directly due to OP4.12 policy. However, WB also stipulate if the replacement costs cannot meet the standard in specific country totally, then other methods should be adapted. This policy do not stand the idea of depreciation， hence, compensation standard in WB is always higher than it in countries. Forthly, public participation. Chinese Government has a very indistinct requirements for participation and consultation in policies. Except for the water and electrify project, no policies have required affected immigrants to participate in the resettlement project. But WB has a clear requirement about public(especially affected groups) to join in designing, planning, implementing EA and complaining handling procedure, and treated these as a policy of revealing. WB encourages owners send brochures to the public. SA group will identify the involuntary resettlement in the project area based on the World Bank’s operation guide lines— OP4.12. If there is involuntary resettlement in a wide range, RPF will be formulated according to the World Bank policy; if there is small range or the possibility of land expropriation in the project area later can't be excluded, the abbreviated RPF will be formulated according to World Bank policy.  OP/BP7. 50 International Watercourse Project In each international watercourse project, the World Bank requires that the agreement properly reached between the beneficiary country and other watercourse ownership country has included the problems involved; other watercourse ownership countries will reply to the beneficiary country or the World Bank actively, to show approval, no objection or supporting this project, or confirming that the project won't damage their interests; in all the other cases, this project will neither cause great damage to other ownership countries, nor be greatly damaged by the possible problems on water consumption in these countries, according to the evaluation made by World Bank employees. In China, there is no such law. If the project of international watercourses is involved, please refer to World Bank's OP/BP7.50 Projects in International Waterways.  OP/BP7. 60 Project in Disputed Areas 42 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan World Bank can carry out the project in a disputed area on condition that consent of relevant national government shall be obtained. With dispute settled, the project proposed for Country A shall be carried out without damaging the interests of Country B. In China, there is no such law. If the project involves a disputed area, please refer to World Bank's OP/BP7.60 Project in Disputed Areas. (2) Environmental quality standard for soil Table 2-2 has listed the standard limits of heavy metal in some countries' and international organizations’ environmental quality standards for farmland soil. It is known from comparison that the secondary standard value of cadmium in China's Environmental Quality Standard for Soils GB 15618-1995 is 0.30 (pH<7.5), which is stricter than that in international environmental standards for farmland soil. With different management framework, actual problems on soil environment, economic and technical conditions, different countries have formulated different standards and selected different control indexes, all based on lots of benchmark studies on soil environment, pollution survey and monitoring of relevant media. Therefore, the soil environment standard adopted by the Project should be formulated according to China's situation, based on China's soil benchmark study, combining pollution status and management demands, and actual situation. So the Project adopts China’s Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). Table2-2 Comparison of Standard Limits of Heavy Metals in Environmental Standards for Farmland Soil Standard value (mg/kg) Item <6.5 6.5～7.5 >7.5 Cd 0.30 0.30 0.60 China Hg 0.30 0.50 1.0 As 30 25 20 Pb 250 300 350 Cr 250 300 350 Intervention value Item Target value (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Cd 0.8 12 The Hg 0.3 10 Netherlands As 29 55 Pb 85 530 Cr 100 380 EU Item Mass concentration limits of heavy metals in soil (soil pH6~7)/(mg/kg) 43 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Cd 1~3 Pb 50~300 Hg 1.0~1.5 Cr - Medium Item Standard limit (mg/kg) Copper (Cu) ≤125 Japan Farmland As ≤15 (dry farmland) Cd (note: its content in rice) ≤0.4 (3) Food safety standard After comparing the rules on limits for heavy metal in food in CAC Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CODEX STAN 193-1995), EU(EC) No 1881/2006, and China’s National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012) (see table 2-3), the cadmium limit in rice specified in China's food safety standard is consistent with that specified by EU standard, which is 0.2mg/kg, lower than 0.4mg/kg specified in CAC. Rules on limits for pollutants in food are affected by agricultural production and geographic area, features of food contaminants and control status, environmental pollution status, residents' eating habits. China's National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012) is revised by referring to CAC standard and assessing risk, according to China's food contamination monitoring and total dietary survey data, and combining China's mainly consumed food and heavy metal pollution features. Main purpose of the Project is to reduce the content of cadmium in the rice produced by China's farmland, so the agricultural product safety standard involved in the Project adopts China's National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012). Food safety standards in main Type of Limit standard of heavy metals in food countries and international agricultural organizations product Cd As Pb Cr Hg 0.5 (total 0.02 (total Rice 0.2 0.2 1.0 China arsenium) mercury) National Food Safety Unspecifie Grape 0.05 0.5 0.2 0.5 Standard--Limits for Pollutants in d Foods (GB 2762-2012) Unspecifie Orange 0.05 0.5 0.1 0.5 d Codex Alimentarius Commission Unspecifie Rice 0.4 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified (CAC) d 44 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Codex General Standard for Unspecifie Grape Unspecified 1.0 0.2 Unspecified Contaminants and Toxins in Food d and Feed (CODEX STAN Unspecifie 193-1995) (2013 Revision) Orange Unspecified 1.0 0.1 Unspecified d Unspecifie Rice 0.2 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified d EU Unspecifie No 488/2014 Grape 0.05 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified d Unspecifie Orange 0.05 Unspecified 0.1 Unspecified d Table2-3 Comparison of Limit Standard of Heavy Metals in Food Chapter 3 Project Content 3.1 Project area overview (1) Project area of Hongshi Town Hongshi Town is adjacent to Sanhu Town and Changan Town in the east, Jinxi Town and Zhajiang Town in the south, Da’an Town and Yanpo Town in the west, and Qulan Town and Jinlan Town in the north. The project area of Hongshi Town involves 6 villages: Hongshi Village, Yutian Village, Gaolu Village, Qingjiang Village, Daoshan Village and Shimen Village, with a total project area of 529.5 hectares. In accordance with the results of 40 testing points in the project area, the soil cadmium content is mainly within the scope of 0.3~0.6 mg/kg followed by the scope of 0.6~0.9 mg/kg, so its pollution grade brings a medium risk. All the 37 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1980s, and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area. There has been an illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method at the 3km location in the northeast of the project area. There is no tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. This illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method was closed by 45 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County in 2008. The enterprises involving heavy metal pollution have been closed and the waste residues have been treated. Therefore, no new pollution will be generated on the farmland of downstream. (2) Project area of Xidu Town Xidu Town is adjacent to the Zhangshu Town in the east, Songmutang Town in the south, Xianshan Town in the west and Taiyuan Town in the north. The project area of Xidu town consists of 5 villages: Qingmu Village, Meihua Village, Douling Village, Xianzhong Village and Shuangqiao Village, with a total area of 397.25 hectares. The soil cadmium content in the project area is mainly within 0.3~0.6mg/kg followed by ≤0.3mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the low risk level. All the 38 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1980s, and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area. Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been located in the southeast side of this project area, and the indium smelting factory in Bao’an Vill age of Hengyang County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd have been located outside of the downstream 5-10km location in this area. These enterprises are those involving the discharge of heavy metals in the history. After the site verification, Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been closed during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period, and no pollution source has been left since the enterprise cleaned the facilties and raw material fields. The indium smelting factory in Baoan Village of Hengyang County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd are located at the downstream of the project area and have a distance of 5-10km from this project area, so the influence on this project is very small. These enterprises involving heavy metals have already been closed during 2010-2015, and the waste residues have been treated. 46 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan (3) Project area of Taiyuan Town Taiyuan Town is located in the middle of Hengyang County, and it is adjacent to Shanqiao Town in the east, Xidu Town in the south, Lanlong Township in the west and Chang’an Township in the north. The project area of Taiyuan Town consists of 4 villages: Jiushi Village, Taijiu Village, Changqing Village and Hengxing Village, with the project area of 445.59 hectares. According to the results of 40 testing points in the project area, the soil cadmium content is mainly within 0.3~0.6 mg/kg followed by 0.6~0.9 mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the low risk level. All the 37 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area. There have been two illegal vanadium smelting points with indigenous method at the upstream of the project areas, and they can be traced back to the 1980s, with annual ore processing volume less than 10,000 tons. These two illegal vanadium smelting point were closed by the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County, and the waste residues have been treated. Therefore, no new pollution will be generated on the farmland of downstream. 3.2 Project objectives 3.2.1 Overall objective Through the analysis on valid data of Hengyang County’s rice, Internal and External agriculture and agricultural production management etc. and in combination with the reality of the project area, the soil pollution risk evaluation, the farmland pollution source risk evaluation and the agricultural management risk evaluation are conducted. The corresponding risk management measures are put forward according to different risk model composition. Finally, it is decided to adopt the integrated management mechanism of risk control to control the farmland risk of the project county to achieve the safety production of qualified 47 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan agricultural products. 3.2.2 Specific objectives 1. Based on the scientific pollution analysis method and the valid monitoring data of rice, Internal and External pollution source of agriculture and agricultural production management etc., to clarify the pollution reason of the project area based on that and conduct the risk level assessment of the selected demonstration area farmland, select the proper comprehensive technical management measures for the demonstration, strengthen the risk management and control of the farmland pollution source and farmland pollution and improve the safe use level of the agricultural resources. By 2022, the good agricultural environment in the project area can be maintained and the heavy metal content of agricultural products can basically comply with the standard; the total Cd in the non-polluted farmland soil remain unchanged; the total Cd of the polluted farmland soil and available Cd can gradually decline. 2. Build the agricultural environment monitoring network and early warning system, strengthen the agricultural environment monitoring and management; develop the farmland management tools mainly for the purpose of the risk control, and draw the county farmland pollution risk map; work out the farmland environment protection regulation, technical guidance, work guidance, etc., and gradually establish the sound regulations and standards. 3. Conduct the technical training and publicity to the government officials, agricultural environment monitoring personnel and farmers in the project area, demonstrate the feasible measures for the farmland pollution management, and improve the farmland pollution risk management and control capacity to ensure that the farmland risks can be fully managed and controlled to improve the farmland environment in the project area and guarantee the virtuous cycle of the ecological system. 4. Improve the project indicators, collect the project data for assessment, increase the management level of the project management departments, and ultimately build the agricultural product safety production guarantee system and apply the land management approaches via hiring experts and organizing symposiums. 48 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 3.3 Project activities According to the feasibility study report on the project, the table below lists the details about the Project Activities. Table 3-2: Activities of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land No. Project Activities Activity Description Risk-based farmland 1 management demonstration Conduct the intensive monitoring of the three selected project areas according to the requirements of the monitoring solution (a monitoring point is set for 30-50 mu in mountain Intensive Monitoring area or 50-100 mu for the continuous flat area in terms of the monitoring point intensity; the 1.1 and Risk level monitoring heavy metal content of soil and agricultural products shall be consistent with assessment heavy metal content of the monitoring sediments and irrigation water monitoring water quality, etc.), conduct the risk level assessment according to the monitoring data and identify the risk comprehensive management and control measures and solutions Adopt the pertinent risk management and control measures according to the analysis of the Risk Comprehensive valid data related to the rice of the project area, agriculture internal and external and 1.2 Management and agricultural production management, etc. Refer to the detailed contents described in 1.2.1 Control Measures -1.2.4 Engineering The engineering facilities of this project country include canal engineering 8.537km, 11 1.2.1 facilities sedimentation tank and field road maintenance up to 8.537km Control high cumulative rice varieties, optimize the field water management (flooding irrigation), soil acidification conditioning (pH value), the application of organic fertilizer and 1.2.2 Agronomic measure soil passivator, adjust the plantation structure, removal of straw from the field, and other combined measures Promote the agricultural cleaning production, encourage farms to initiatively apply more Plant diseases and organic fertilizer, reduce the chemical fertilizer use, scientifically apply pesticides, promote insect pests 1.2.3 the professional prevention and control and green prevention and control of the crop diseases integrated and insect pests and also popularize the high-efficient and low residual pesticides and the management modern plant protection machinery 1.2.4 Other measures Carry out the project area rice safety proper yield technical research based on the recommended list of the emergency Cd accumulative rice varieties to conduct the rational screening of the rice varieties entering the project area and identify the Cd accumulative （1） Variety screening index in the main rice varieties in the area. When BCF index of the rice varieties is much higher than Level VI risk, the variety Cd accumulative risk is much higher and it shall be controlled from entering into the project area Management and The rice in excess of standard shall be specially purchased by the authorized enterprise as the （2） control of rice in industrial grain and feed or for the other industrial purpose, and the purchase enterprises shall excess of standard be subsidized with the subsidy standard at 200 yuan/ton 49 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan No. Project Activities Activity Description Certificate of Origin The corporate entities obtaining the certificate of pollution-free, green, and organic food with （3） for farm products the subsidy standard at 5,000/10,000/20,000 yuan respectively Farm product brand building and Encourage the project area to building the farm product brand for publicity and promotion to （4） publicity and increase the economic value of the products promotion expenses Authorize the professional monitoring agency, organize the town and village staff to conduct the supervision over the project agronomic measures (applying lime, organic fertilizer, 1.3 Project monitoring passivator, flooding irrigation and the removal of straw, etc.), and the supervision fees shall be charged at 20 yuan/mu/quarter. Strengthening the agricultural 2 environment monitoring and management Building agricultural Including a set of agricultural environment monitoring and early warning software, 1 environment 2.1 sampling check-out vehicles, 2 client computers,Support the construction of Hengyang monitoring database County Heavy Metal Testing Room, including the laboratory renovation and equipment and early warning purchase system Risk-based farmland Build the model according to all monitoring data in Sub-item 1 to provide the basic support to management tools 2.2 the farmland risk management and identify the farmland and crops pollution risk levels with and prepare the the area and draw the provincial agricultural production risk map agricultural risk map Develop the sustainable investment and Develop or release the local regulations and systems and technical standards related to the 2.3 financing management of the farmland pollution control and restoration, etc., to guide the farmland mechanism and pollution comprehensive management and control in all project counties eco-compensation mechanism Develop the sustainable investment and Develop the sustainable investment and financing mechanism and eco-compensation 2.4 financing mechanism in view of the long-term farmland pollution management and soil health recovery mechanism and action, thus guaranteeing the sustainable agricultural development in Hunan eco-compensation mechanism Train and cultivate the management and technical capacity of the government officials, organize the international and domestic inspection and training, conduct the training to 3 Capacity Building environment monitoring staff and farmers, provide the technical assistance to the enterprises involved with the heavy metal pollution, totaling 1,021.44 yuan person/month; conduct the 50 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan No. Project Activities Activity Description project concept and technical promotion activities in forms of seminars, traing and so forth, share and publicize the project experience and technique by adopting the self-made videos and paper materials, etc. Provide the technical assistance and training to the project managing staff (involving the procurement, financial affairs and safeguard policies, etc.) to improve their management capacities, purchase the office equipment as needed by the project management institution Project management and expenses related to the project daily management, procurement and financial 4 and assessment management, etc. Convene the project start-up and completion seminars and build Mis system; collect the relevant information and data related to the farmland environment quality changes, etc., in the project implementation process and conduct the monitoring and assessment of the implementation results. 3.3.1 Risk-based farmland management demonstration 3.3.1.1 Intensive monitoring and risk level assessment Conduct the intensive monitoring over the soil, sediments, irrigation water, atmospheric precipitation, farm products, individual plant, agricultural inputs and plant diseases and insect pests in 3 project areas according to the monitoring solution requirements and conduct risk level assessment according to the monitoring data. 3.3.1.2 Risk Comprehensive Management Measures Adopt the pertinent risk management and control measures according to the analysis of the valid data related to the rice of the project area, agriculture internal and external and agricultural production management, etc. (1) Engineering Measures Mainly including the channel engineering, ecological engineering and road engineering; as the farmland infrastructure in the project area is comparatively sufficient, some farmland irrigation canals are still the earth canals or have been seriously damaged, thus requiring the immediate repair and maintenance; the sediments of some channels are in excess of the heavy metal pollution standard, and sedimentation tank will be built for the sedimentation of the sediments in the irrigation water to prevent it from entering the farmland to satisfy the demand of the project area optimized field water management; some farmland road and other infrastructure lack the necessary supporting facilities, which is detrimental to the removal of 51 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan straw from the field and the machine field operation, particularly by applying the lime, etc. Refer to Table 3-3, Table 3-4 and Table 3-5 for more details about the specific construction contents. Table 3-3: Schedule of Farmland Pollution Integrated Management Field Road Construction in Hengyang County Project Area Constru Earth Earthwork Mud rock Construct Length Width No. ction excavation backfilling mixture road ion site (m) (m) 3 3 Nature (m ) (m ) (m) Total 8537 7683 5122 25611 Jiushi 1 885 797 531 2655 Village Maintena Field Road -01 885 3 797 531 2655 nce Changqin 2 3103 2793 1862 9309 g Village Maintena Field Road -02 1150 3 1035 690 3450 nce Maintena Field Road -03 754 3 679 452 2262 nce Maintena Field Road -04 348 3 313 209 1044 nce Maintena Field Road -05 851 3 766 511 2553 nce Taijiu 3 4549 4094 2729 13647 Village Maintena Field Road -06 386 3 347 232 1158 nce Maintena Field Road -07 256 3 230 154 768 nce Maintena Field Road -08 227 3 204 136 681 nce Maintena Field Road -09 305 3 275 183 915 nce Maintena Field Road -10 413 3 372 248 1239 nce Maintena Field Road -11 725 3 653 435 2175 nce Maintena Field Road -12 255 3 230 153 765 nce Maintena Field Road -13 694 3 625 416 2082 nce 52 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Constru Earth Earthwork Mud rock Construct Length Width No. ction excavation backfilling mixture road ion site (m) (m) 3 3 Nature (m ) (m ) (m) Maintena Field Road -14 172 3 155 103 516 nce Maintena Field Road -15 151 3 136 91 453 nce Maintena Field Road -16 182 3 164 109 546 nce Maintena Field Road -17 204 3 184 122 612 nce Maintena Field Road -18 177 3 159 106 531 nce Maintena Field Road -19 135 3 122 81 405 nce Maintena Field Road -20 267 3 240 160 801 nce 53 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 3-4 Construction Measures for the Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hengyang County (Canal Works) Designed Canal Fabricati C20 Expansio on and Sand Fabrication Project Desilting Earth Earth Concrete C20 Canal Botto n joint of erection pebble and erection cost Canal and excavati backfilli floor concrete Canal No. Length m Height Slope asphalt of cushio of (estimate Remarks Name Dredging on ng slab and coping width fir board formwor n reinforcement ) side wall k 3 3 3 3 3 2 m m m i m m m m m m m3 t Yuan Yuan Total 8537 1155 3851 1540 1415 304 324 385 23 1916043 Taiyuan I 4924 597.2 3453 1381 835.2 159.2 179.6 199.1 23 1212563 Town Jiushi 1 2385 358 239 95 363 95 91 119 0 442799 Village Original red brick canal Lateral field 826 0.5 0.5 0.5 124 83 33 126 33 31 41 153355 186 436m. U-shaped canal canal -01 390m Lateral field Demolition of original 325 0.5 0.5 0.5 49 33 13 49 13 12 16 60340 186 canal -02 U-shaped canal Lateral field Demolition of original 278 0.5 0.5 0.5 42 28 11 42 11 11 14 51613 186 canal -03 U-shaped canal Lateral field 956 0.5 0.5 0.5 143 96 38 145 38 36 48 177491 186 canal -04 Changqin 2 2539 239 3215 1286 473 64 89 80 23 769763 g Village Lateral field Aqueduct (framed bent 448 0.5 0.5 0 1452 581 109 13 11 224926 502 canal -05 0.3-1.5m) 54 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Lateral field Aqueduct (framed bent 495 0.5 0.5 0 1604 642 121 15 12 248524 502 canal -06 0.3-1.5m) Lateral field 197 0.5 0.5 0.5 30 20 8 30 8 7 10 36575 186 canal -07 Lateral field 266 0.5 0.5 0.5 40 27 11 40 11 10 13 49386 186 canal -08 Lateral field 165 0.5 0.5 0.5 25 17 7 25 7 6 8 30634 186 canal -09 Lateral field 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 32 22 9 33 9 8 11 39917 186 canal -10 Lateral field 365 0.5 0.5 0.5 55 37 15 55 15 14 18 67766 186 canal -11 Lateral field 388 0.5 0.5 0.5 58 39 16 59 16 15 19 72036 186 canal -12 Xidu II 3613 558 397 159 580 145 145 186 0 703481 Town Meihua 1 3613 558 397 159 580 145 145 186 0 703481 Village Lateral field 625 0.5 0.6 0.5 94 75 30 109 25 27 31 131495 210 canal -13 Lateral field 356 0.5 0.5 0.5 53 36 14 54 14 14 18 66095 186 canal -14 Lateral field 232 0.5 0.5 0.5 35 23 9 35 9 9 12 43073 186 canal -15 Lateral field 226 0.5 0.5 0.5 34 23 9 34 9 9 11 41959 186 canal -16 Lateral field 201 0.5 0.5 0.5 30 20 8 31 8 8 10 37318 186 canal -17 55 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Lateral field 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 35 24 9 36 9 9 12 43630 186 canal -18 Lateral field 538 0.6 0.6 0.5 97 77 31 98 22 25 32 117119 218 canal -19 Lateral field 1200 0.5 0.5 0.5 180 120 48 182 48 46 60 222792 186 canal -20 56 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Continued Table 3-5 Construction Content table of Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hengyang County (sedimentation tank) Construction Unit (10 thousand Amount (10 Specification and Rem No. Construction location Quantity Material property yuan) thousand yuan) model (m) arks Hongshi New Cast-in-situ 4 2 8 2×2×1.0 Hongshi Town project Village construction concrete 1 area Yutian New Cast-in-situ 2 2 4 2×2×1.0 Village construction concrete Xidu Town project Qingmu New Cast-in-situ 2 2 2 4 2×2×1.0 area Village construction concrete Taiyuan Town project Changqin New Cast-in-situ 3 3 2 6 2×2×1.0 area g Village construction concrete Total 11 22 57 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 3.3.2 Monitoring and Management of Agricultural Environment 3.3.2.1 Construction of Early Warning System for the Monitoring Data of Agricultural Environment (1) Construction of agricultural environment early warning system The provincial project department is responsible for constructing the early warning platform for the monitoring of agricultural environment, and the project county should configure 1 sampling & testing vehicle, 2 dedicated terminal computers with high configuration, 1 GPS position finder, 1 digital elevation instrument, database and evaluation software development, etc., so as to establish the monitoring and early warning system for the agricultural environment. Through the continuous monitoring of factors such as soil, irrigation water, agricultural products, organic fertilizer, pesticides and chemical fertilizer, etc. at the constructed field pollutants balance monitoring points, risk evaluation and monitoring & early warning can be made for the farmlands and agricultural products in the whole county, so as to prevent the area expansion and degree increase of farmland pollution and give instructions to the comprehensive management and control of heavy metal pollution of farmlands in the whole project county. (2) Renovation of the farm product quality and safety inspection station It is necessary to enhance the inspection capability of Hengyang County farm product quality and safety inspection station with a view to further promoting the self-testing ability for testing the heavy metal contents in soil and cadmium rice and quickly identify and differentiate the safe rice and risky rice. This station is the legal farm product statutory inspection and test agency in Hengyang County and now has imported 60-odd sets (pieces) of instruments and equipment, particularly the gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph and Atomic absorption spectrometer, etc., and also has the inspection ability of inspecting and testing farm products, agricultural inputs and agricultural environment, particularly the heavy mental items accurately detected is involved with the identification of farm products, irrigation water, lead and Cd; the identification of lead in soil; the items in pesticide 58 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan residues are involved with the identification of organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables and fruits. This station can enhance its inspection and testing abilities in identifying such heavy metals as arsenic and chromium in soil and rice by improving its construction and through the purchase of the necessary instruments and equipment and the staff training, thus improving the ability for the risk analysis of the heavy metal pollution related to the local grains. 3.3.2.2 Development or release of the local policies and standard drafts Hengyang County has prepared the plans and schemes such as the Ecological and Environmental Protection Plan of Hengyang County during the “13th Five Year Plan” Period, Implementation Scheme Against the Atmospheric Pollution in Hengyang County, The 1st Three-year Action Plan for the Protection and Treatment of Xiangjiang River (Zhengshui River) in Hengyang County, Working Scheme for the Specific Treatment of Water Pollution and River Course Cleaning in Zhengshui River Basin of Hengyang County, Quality Tracking and Early Warning Scheme for the Agricultural Products in Hengyang County and Farmland Quality Management Method of Hengyang County, etc. In combination with the actual situation of Hengyang County, Hengyang County formulates the drafts of local regulations and technical standard and gradually establishes and improves the regulations and standards system. 1. Research and formulate the comprehensive management mechanism for the farmland pollution risk. Optimize the field management and promote the new agricultural technology for the farmlands without risk, so as to prevent and stop the occurrence of new pollutions; quickly and effectively implement the risk control for the polluted farmlands to prevent migration and transformation of risk. 2. Establish the farmland environmental law enforcement system. Take full advantage of the environmental monitoring network to strengthen the construction of law enforcement system for the farmland environment protection. 3. Research and formulate the farmers’ subsidies policies. Under different farmland 59 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan pollution risks, formulate the ecological compensation mechanism for effective management and control, including the economic compensation, compensation method, compensation object and management method. 3.3.3 Project ability development 3.3.3.1 Project management ability development 1. Domestic investigations: The investigation mainly includes the domestic investigation, organized by the provincial POM. The aim is to learn advanced heavy metal pollution treatment technologies and experience both at home. 6 people/month for the domestic investigation. 2. Domestic training: The domestic training includes the integrated management of farmland based on risks, agricultural environment monitoring, pollution prevention, policy implementation, purchasement and financial knowledge etc. 46 people/month in total. 3. Technical assistance: Employ the experts on related technologies to provide technical support to the project so as to guarantee the project is implemented smoothly. 30 people/month in total. 3.3.3.2 Project knowledge publicity and farmer training 1. Information dissemination: make videos and paper documents etc. to publicize and summarize the project 2. Farmer training: combine centralized training with on-site training to improve the farmers’ understanding on farmland heavy metal pollution and guarantee the effective publicity of the project-related technologies. 698 people/month in total. 3.2.3.3 Technical assistance to enterprises involved with heavy metal pollution Enterprises in Hengyang County involved with heavy metal pollution have been closed down during the “12th Five-year Plan” period, so this project does not need the technical assistance as no enterprise polluted by heavy metals is involved in this project. 60 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 3.2.3.4 Results discussion and promotion Summarize the experience obtained from the project implementation process by means of the self-made videos and paper materials, etc. and promote the relevant techniques and results, etc., to the non-project areas and other surrounding counties and cities for popularization in the form of seminars and material collection, etc. 3.3.4 Project management and evaluation 3.3.4.1 Project management Project Management includes the project technical assistance, the procurement involving the managing staff and the financial management training. Project management expenses and startup /completion seminar expenses are involved with the purchase of the relevant management equipment. 3.3.4.2 Project monitoring evaluation Monitor and evaluate the project performance indicators and the environmental and social impact, etc., collect the relevant information and data related to the project implementation, summarize the experience and lessons and organize exchange activities , such as, the project start-up mobilization meeting, mid-term exchange and project completion seminars, etc. 61 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 4 Environmental Status 4.1 Natural environment 4.1.1 Geographical location Hengyang County is under the jurisdiction of Hengyang City of Hunan Province and is located in the northwest of Hengyang City and middle reaches of Xiang River. It is named for its location in the south of Hengshan Mountain. It has a common boundary with the Nanyue District and Hengshan County, and it neighbors Zhengxiang District, Shigu District and Hengnan County in the south, adjoins Qidong County and Shaodong County of Shaoyang City in the west and borders on Shuangfeng County of Loudi City in the north. It has an east-west width of 74km and south-north length of 55km. Implementation points in all project areas of Hengyang County: see Attached Figure 1. 4.1.2 Landform Hengyang County is located at the transition belt between the rising of Wuling and sinking of Dongting Lake, i.e. the northern margin of “Hengyang Basin”. The Tertiary red rock stratum is deposited in the center of the basin, with a thickness about 3000. A series of dome belts in the east, north and west are distributed surrounding the axis of red basin in the center and south, and the tectonic postures are different. The geomorphic type is dominated by hill rock, and in which, the area of mountainous region, hilly region, downland region, plain region and water region respectively accounts for 21%, 27%, 27%, 21% and 4% of total area. 4.1.3 Weather Hengyang County is located in the continental mid-subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with four distinctive seasons, sufficient heat and annual average temperature of 17.8℃. It has an annual average sunlight duration of 1361.7 hours, solar radiation of 62 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 107.64 kilocalorie/cm2, annual average frost-free period of 289 days and annual average surface temperature of 20.7℃. It has obvious wet season and dry season, and the annual average precipitation is 1329.4mm. The precipitation in spring and summer is larger than that in autumn and winter. The precipitation in wet season accounts for 45% of annual precipitation, while the precipitation in dry season only accounts for 10% of annual precipitation. The multi-year average relative humidity is 79%. 4.1.4 Surface water Zhengshui River is a main river in Hengyang County and it is a large tributary of Xiang River, known as Cao River. It is originated in Shaodong and enters Hengyang County through Jinlan Town of Hengyang County, showing a Z shape. It flows through Hongshi Town, Sanhu Town, Zhajiang Town, Taiyuan Town and Xidu Town of Hengyang County as well as Santang Town of Hengnan County, Daiyingling Town of Zhengxiang District, etc. and flows into Xiang River in Shigu District. Zhengshui River has a length of 133km within the territory of Hengyang County, with the catchment area of 2336km 2 and multi-year mean runoff volume of 1.6 billion m3. Distribution of water system in Hengyang County: see Figure 4-1. 63 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Figure 4-1Distribution of water system in Hengyang County 4.2 Ecological environment ⑴ Current situation of land utilization Hengyang County has a total land area of 255,860 hectares, including the cultivated land area of 69,670 hectares (paddy field area of 28,589.51 hectares), garden area of 4,735 hectares, forest land area of 129,280 hectares, grassland area of 4,330 hectares, land area of 17,045 hectares used for city, town and village as well as the industry and mining, traffic land area of 4,482 hectares, land area of 18,684 hectares for water area and water conservancy facilities, and other land area of 7,634 hectares. In which, the cultivated lands are mainly widely distributed in each town, and the Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town, Yanpo Town, Changan Town and Banshi Town, etc. have a larger distribution area of cultivated lands. The distribution of current land use status is detailed in the Fig.4-2, 64 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan while the specific distribution of cultivated land is shown in the Table 4-1. Figure 4-2 Current Situation of Land Utilization in Hengyang County (1) 65 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Figure 4-2 Current Situation of Land Utilization in Hengyang County (2) Table 4-1 Farmland Distribution in Hengyang County (unit: hectare) Name of town Paddy field No. Total area Farmland area Remarks and townships area 1 Xidu Town 15273.86 5315.33 4695.75 2 Jibing Town 6862.98 2178.92 2075 3 Shanqiao Town 7100.67 1527.17 1418.4 4 Jingtou Town 15518.44 3478.37 2835.08 5 Yanpo Town 8746.58 3025.94 2626.78 6 Jinlan Town 16483.65 4082.94 3374.82 7 Hongshi Town 11299.46 2924.74 2462.08 8 Qulan Town 11789.71 2835.75 2326.35 9 Jinxi Town 11243.08 1793.1 1550.59 10 Jiepai Town 9894.43 1328.64 1199.56 11 Zhajiang Town 14044.12 4856.25 4301.47 12 Sanhu Town 11255.88 3210.9 2802.09 13 Taiyuan Town 11894.59 4836.01 4382.34 14 Guanshi Town 9074.32 2622.08 2057.89 Kuzongqiao 15 9973.21 2633.7 2117.9 Town 16 Xianshan Town 15661.39 5099.49 4069.24 17 Shishi Town 14516.32 3504.78 3075.68 Zhangmu 18 9903.29 1922.34 1805.76 Township Goulou 19 12024.14 1588.38 1536.37 Township Lanlong 20 5134.68 1729.29 1429.71 Township Da’an 21 7905.54 2452.15 2007.36 Township Xijiang 22 8422.07 2485.51 2166.91 Township Chang’an 23 3894.51 1505.74 1256.58 Township Banshi 24 2749 1097.88 970.22 Township Zhangshu 25 2519.99 838.47 758.48 Township Chaojiang 26 2675.39 796.13 766.85 Township Total 255861.3 69670 60069.26 ⑵ Soil ① Soil texture 66 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan The area of soil-texture paddy fields is the largest one in various types of padding fields in Hengyang County, and its specific area is 23,898.14 hectares accounting for 34.63%; the followed main types of soil textures are as follows: sandy loam soil 18,070.14 hectares, medium loam soil 13,816.98 hectares, heavy loam soil 9,636.8 hectares, compacted sandy soil 2,859.27 hectares and light loam soil 1,388.67 hectares. The distribution of soil textures of the county sees Table 4-2 and Figure 4-3. Table 4-2 The distribution of soil textures in Hengyang County (unit: hectare) Light Sandy Compact Medium Medium Heavy Soil type Total loam loam soil land clay loam loam Farmland 925 12420.07 2033 22630.67 13680.59 8380.67 60070 Dry land 463.67 5650.07 826.27 1267.47 136.39 1256.13 9600 Total 1388.67 18070.14 2859.27 23898.14 13816.98 9636.8 69670 Figure 4-3 The distribution of soil textures in Hengyang County ②Soil pH value For the pH of the cultivated lands in Hengyang County, the pH of totally 52534.5 67 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan hectares of cultivated land is within the appropriate range (5.0-7.0). These cultivated lands are mainly concentrated in Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town, Yanpo Town, Zhajiang Town, Banshi Township, Jinlan Town, etc. About 7,199.53 hectares of cultivated lands have a high pH value (7.0-7.5), and about 14.07 hectares of cultivated lands have an extremely low pH value, i.e. strongly acid lands. These strongly acid lands are mainly distributed in Xianshan Township, Qulan Township, Guanshi Township and Sanhu Town. About 13,915.73 hectares of cultivated lands show the alkalescence (7.0-7.5) and relatively higher alkalinity (>7.5). The soil acidity or alkalinity of the whole county is detailed in the Table 4-3 and Fig.4-4. Table 4-3 Distribution of Soil Acidity or Alkalinity in Each Town of Hengyang County (Unit: Hectares) Extremely Appropriat Extremely Town and Low High low e high Total township <4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-7.0 7.0-7.5 >7.5 Banshi 1 0 1135.93 81.4 21.67 1240 Township Chang’an 0 20.2 299.2 273.2 1024.2 1616.8 Township Chaojiang 0 349.13 600.93 2.6 0.6 953.33 Township Da’an 0.4 32.27 1931.8 142.27 14.33 2121.07 Township Goulou 0 0 784.87 589.33 88.87 1463.13 Township Guanshi 1.6 396.4 1667.67 58.93 10.27 2134.8 Township Hongshi 0 41.47 2781.53 255.73 59.87 3138.6 Town Jibing 1 0 2072.2 508.8 85.4 2667.4 Town Jiepai 0.4 425.2 642 0 0 1067.6 Town Jinlan 0 51.93 3814.33 268.73 122.07 4257.13 Town Jinxi Town 0.47 29.73 1069.33 19.07 0 1118.6 Jingtou 1.13 22.47 2533.53 84.2 9.67 2650.93 Town Kuzong 0 104.4 2420 15.73 0 2540.13 Township Lanlong 0 74.07 1128.07 213.2 54 1469.4 Township Qulan 1.67 421.33 2313.87 137 26.27 2900.2 Township Sanhu 1.27 34.93 3040.87 304.27 124.07 3505.33 Town 68 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Shanqiao 0.33 115.87 1051.87 75.6 298.6 1542.2 Town Shishi 1.07 93.8 2657.73 353.2 131.2 3237 Township Taiyuan 0 78.4 3534.87 672.07 809.27 5094.6 Town Xidu Town 0.13 35.87 3057 1186.4 1843.93 6123.33 Xijiang 0.87 431.33 1309 0 0 1741.2 Township Xianshan 2.07 95.87 2950.4 634.13 1242.67 4925.13 Township Yanpo 0.33 90.27 2834.13 79.6 69.8 3074.2 Town Zhajiang 0.4 20.6 3651.27 1064.07 573.4 5309.73 Town Zhangmu 0 238.8 1805.33 21.8 0 2065.93 Township Zhangshu 0 1.33 1446.77 158.13 106 1712.23 Township Total 14.07 3205.73 52534.5 7199.53 6716.13 69670 Figure 4-4 Distribution of Soil Acidity or Alkalinity in Hengyang County ③Soil organic matter Hengyang County has total paddy field area of 69,670 hectares, including 35,499.86 hectares within an appropriate range (20-30g/kg), 29,193.77 hectares at a high level 69 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan (30-40g/kg) and relatively few hectares at an extremely high and low level. It thus can be seen that the soil organic content of paddy fields in Hengyang County is relatively higher and is at an above-average level. The distribution of soil organic content in the whole county is detailed in the Table 4-4 and Fig. 4-5. Table 4-4 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Each Town of Hengyang County (Unit: Hectares) Grading Criteria (g/kg) Town and Extremely Extremely Total township Low 10-20 Medium 20-30 High 30-40 low <10 high >40 Banshi 0 73.47 854.93 311 0.6 1240 Township Chang’an 0 42 820.67 717.13 37 1616.8 Township Chaojiang 0 23.27 544.2 375.6 10.27 953.34 Township Da’an 0 7.4 787.47 1216.87 109.33 2121.07 Township Goulou 0 8.47 404.33 915.33 135 1463.13 Township Guanshi 0 19.4 731.33 1151 233.07 2134.8 Township Hongshi 0 4.33 510.27 2048.73 575.27 3138.6 Town Jibing Town 0 13 1729.67 903.33 21.47 2667.47 70 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Continued Table 4-4 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Each Town of Hengyang County (Unit: Hectares) Grading Criteria (g/kg) Town and Extremely Extremely Total township Low 10-20 Medium 20-30 High 30-40 low <10 high >40 Jiepai Town 0 4.2 495.8 533.73 33.8 1067.53 Jinlan Town 0 156.93 2145.2 1768.33 186.6 4257.06 Jinxi Town 0 0.47 358.47 719.6 40.07 1118.61 Jingtou 0 137.73 1241.27 1176.8 95.13 2650.93 Town Kuzong 0 3.8 523.73 1871.6 141 2540.13 Township Lanlong 0 273.67 989.87 205.87 0 1469.41 Township Qulan 0 1.67 748 1839.47 311 2900.14 Township Sanhu Town 0 10.27 1326.33 2033.53 135.2 3505.33 Shanqiao 0 306.67 881.07 344.47 10 1542.21 Town Shishi 0 30.07 2093.93 1092.53 20.4 3236.93 Township Taiyuan 0 162.73 3668.67 1232.6 30.67 5094.67 Town Xidu Town 0 290.67 3292.6 2375.2 164.93 6123.4 Xijiang 0 33.07 627.07 980.93 100.13 1741.2 Township Xianshan 0 294.2 3311.8 1281.73 37.4 4925.13 Township Yanpo 0 53.67 1434.4 1514.53 71.6 3074.2 Township Zhajiang 0 373.53 3330.8 1594.13 11.27 5309.73 Township Zhangmu 0 128.67 1216.47 720.8 0 2065.94 Township Zhangshu 0 9.2 1431.51 268.93 2.6 1712.24 Township Total 0 2462.56 35499.86 29193.77 2513.81 69670 71 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Figure 4-5 Distribution of Farmland Organic Content in Hengyang County 4.3 Social and economic environment (1) Population and ethnic minority In 2014, the total population of County: 1,125,200 (about 291,600 households); in which, urban population of 408,800 and rural population of 716,400. There are 525,800 thousand females, accounting for 47.63% of the total population. There is no ethnic minority community here. (2) Administrative division There are totally 17 towns and 8 townships in Hengyang County, which are respectively Xidu Town, Xianshan Town, Sanhu Town, Jingtou Town, Guanshi Town, Taiyuan Town, Qulan Town, Shanqiao Town, Jinlan Town, Jinxi Town, Hongshi Town, Jiepai Town, Jibing Town, Zhajiang Town, Yanpo Town, Kuzongqiao Town, Shishi Town, Da’an Township, Chang’an Township, Lanlong Township, Goulou Township, Xijiang Township, Zhangmu Township, Zhangshu Township and Banshi Township. 72 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan (3) Economic condition In 2014, the total output value reached 26.323 billion yuan. The value added in the primary industry: 6.318 billion yuan, with the growth of 4.6%; value added in the secondary industry: 10.494 billion yuan, with the growth of 7.5%; value added in the tertiary industry: 9.511 billion yuan, with the growth of 14.7%.; The value added in the primary industry accounts for 24.0% of the total output value; value added in the secondary industry accounts for 39.9% and value added in the tertiary industry accounts for 36.1%; contribution rates of three industries are 11.8%, 34.6% and 53.6% respectively. The per capita GDP is calculated to be 21,289 Yuan according to the permanent resident population, with a growth rate of 9.2%. (4) Agricultural production The comprehensive productivity of grain, oil, cotton and pig of Hengyang County ranks among the top in the whole province. The sowing area of food crops throughout the year is 100,000 hectares, and the grain production is more than 600,000 tons. It also has 49,300 hectares of oilseed rape which can produce approximately 100,000 tons of rapeseed; 7,800 hectares of cottons which can produce more than 30,000 tons of unginned cottons; 14,100 hectares of aquaculture waters which can totally produce 64,000 tons of aquatic products; and 2,000,000 marketing hogs and 21,000,000 marketing poultries throughout the year. Hengyang County has been successively awarded as the national or provincial advanced county for grain production. Its rapeseed production ranks among top 3 in Hunan Province and production of unginned cottons ranks top 5 in Hunan Province, and it is also awarded the top 100 counties in China for production of hogs. The agricultural production status of Hengyang County is detailed in the Table 4-5. Table 4-5 Agricultural Production of Hengyang County project area (2014) No. Content Unit Total Remarks 1 Total land area Hectares 255860 2 Farmland area Hectares 69670 Mainly double In which, paddy field area Hectares 60070 cropping rice 73 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 3 Sown areas and yields of crops — — Hectares Hectares 104520 3.1 Food crops Total yield Tons 625690 Double cropping In Plantation area Hectares 93410 rice which, rice Total yield Tons 579497 Plantation area Hectares 8790 3.2 Vegetables Total yield Tons 277412 Plantation area Hectares 7660 3.3 Cotton Total yield Tons 10685 Plantation area Hectares 49300 3.4 Crape Total yield Tons 75295 Mainly grapefruit, Plantation area Hectares 4260 3.5 Fruit orange, jujube, etc. Total yield Tons 163104 (5) Grain production status Rice is the main food crop in the whole county and has a sowing area of 93,410 hectares. The cropping system includes the triple cropping system, double cropping system and single cropping system. The area of paddy field adopting the triple cropping system is 3,533.33 hectares, accounting for 5.9% of total area of paddy fields, and the main cropping forms include rice – rice – fertilizer, rice – rice –oilseed rape and rice – rice –vegetables; the area of paddy field adopting the double cropping system is 52,600 hectares, accounting for 87.6% of total area of paddy fields, and the main cropping forms include rice – rice, oilseed rape – rice, vegetables – rice, cigarette – rice, watermelon – rice and corn – rice, etc.; The area of paddy field adopting the triple cropping system is 3,933.33 hectares, accounting for 6.5% of total area of paddy fields, and the main cropping forms include rice – idling. The planted rice varieties mainly include Xiangzaoxian 45, Xiangwanxian 13, Huanghuazhan, etc. Distribution of rice planting is detailed in the Fig.2-6. Rice planting system of Hengyang County is shown in the Table 4-6, while the distribution of rice plant is shown in the Fig.4-6. Table 4-6 Rice Plantation System in Hengyang County 74 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Plantatio Plantatio n scale Plantation mode Distribution n system (hectare) Qulan Township, Shishi Township, Sanhu Single 3933.33 Rice-idle Town, Jinxi Town, Jingtou Town, Kuzong cropping Township, etc. Rice-rice, crape-rice, Double 52600.34 vegetable-rice, tobacco-rice, Xidu Town, Hongshi Town, Taiyuan Town cropping watermelon-rice, corn-rice Rice-rice-fertilizer, Triple 3533.33 rice-rice-crape, Xidu Town, Zhangshu Township, etc. cropping rice-rice-vegetable Total 60067 Figure 4-6 Distribution of Rice Plantation in Hengyang County (6) Farmland infrastructure According to statistics of testing soils for formulated fertilization, area with completely compatible infrastructure: 87.06 hectares; compatible area: 2,441.99 hectares; area with basically compatible infrastructure: 27,768.68 hectares; area with incompatible infrastructure: 19,706.39 hectares; area without farmland facility: 10,065.88 hectares. 75 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 4-7 Statistics of Paddy Field Facility Areas in Hengyang County (unit: hectare) Township Completely Basically Incompatib Compatible No facility Total (town) compatible compatible le Banshi 0 0 345.93 749.53 32.93 1128.39 Township Chang’an 0 0 285.47 658.8 388 1332.27 Township Chaojiang 0 0 694.93 201.73 0 896.66 Township Da’an 0 0 340.2 1260.8 0 1601 Township Goulou 0 0 946.87 286.07 0 1232.94 Township Guanshi 0 0 1373.07 0 172.8 1545.87 Township Hongshi 0 36 1375 475.53 827.07 2713.6 Town Jibing Town 0 264 2544.13 74.8 0 2882.93 Jiepai Town 0 0 61.6 157.4 526.87 745.87 Jinlan Town 14.73 198.87 1362.53 1738.13 0 3314.26 Jinxi Town 0 211.2 10.8 416.93 5.4 644.33 Jingtou 0 0 535 372.47 900.67 1808.14 Town Kuzong 0 0 769.47 880.4 429.8 2079.67 Township Lanlong 0 0 336.4 807.33 0 1143.73 Township Qulan Town 0 0 2127.8 80.8 13.47 2222.07 Sanhu Town 0 0 1914.2 0 1342.93 3257.13 Shanqiao 0 0 272.67 1149.07 0 1421.74 Town Shishi 0 182.4 392.13 492.47 1523 2590 Township Taiyuan 0 215.8 625.2 3363.47 720.2 4924.67 Town Xidu Town 0 650.07 1752 3570.73 233.6 6206.4 Xijiang 0 0 0 283.2 762.4 1045.6 Township Xianshan 0 99.87 2996.47 454 644.67 4195.01 Township Yanpo 0 29.98 1976.87 5.93 834.8 2847.58 Township Zhajiang 72.33 325.47 2197.4 1663.47 602.67 4861.34 Township Zhangmu 0 103.33 1815.27 0 0 1918.6 Township Zhangshu 0 125 717.27 563.33 104.6 1510.2 Township Total 87.06 2441.99 27768.68 19706.39 10065.88 60070 Note: In accordance with the requirements of the Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Theory and Practice of Hunan Province, farmland infrastructure consists of the complete support, 76 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan supporting, basic supporting, non-supporting and zero supporting facilities. Irrigation and drainage ditches among farmlands, land leveling, ruralizing, tractor-ploughing road, lines of trees, etc. are all the farmland facilities. Farmland infrastructure mainly includes the following items: 1. Land leveling to make piece of paddy field in a square shape; 2. Supporting by three ditches (flood diversion ditch, water drainage ditch and irrigation ditch); 3. Supporting by three networks (ditch network, road network and forest network). The farmland infrastructure containing the above-mentioned 3 items are the complete supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking one item are the supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking two items are the basic supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure containing 1-2 items not at a high standard are the non-supporting facilities, and the farmland infrastructure not constructed are deemed to have zero facility. 77 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan (7) Overview of Project Area ① Geographical location of the area Taiyuan Town is located in the center of Hengyang County, with a total area of 118km2 and a distance of 13km from the county. It is adjacent to Shanqiao Town in the east, Xidu Town in the south, Lanlong Town in the west and Changan Town in the north. Xidu Town is the political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub of Hengyang County and it is also the premise of county Party committee and government, with a total area of 152.6km2. It is adjacent to Zhangshu Township in the east, Songmutang Township in the south, Xianshan Township in the west and Taiyuan Town in the north. Hongshi Town is one of the national key towns, demonstrative town of Hunan Province and also the second largest town in Hengyang County. The national highway S210 runs through Hongshi Town from the south to the north. It is adjacent to Sanhu Town and Changan Town in the east, Jinxi Town and Zhajiang Town in the south, Da’an Town and Yanpo Town in the west, and Qulan Town and Jinlan Town in the north. ② Project area of Xidu Town Project area of Xidu Town includes 5 villages: Qingmu Village, Meihua Village, Douling Village, Xianzhong Village and Shuangqiao Village, with a total area of 455 hectares. Qingmu Village in the project area has a population of 1,964 and farmland area of 77.20 hectares, including 75.27 hectares of paddy field. Meihua Village in the project area has a population of 1,384 and farmland area of 117.07 hectares, including 111.13 hectares of paddy field. Douling Village in the project area has a population of 1,112 and farmland area of 89.73 hectares, including 74.20 hectares of paddy field. Xianzhong Village in the project area has a population of 1,209 and farmland area of 67.93 hectares, including 66.47 hectares of paddy field. Shuangqiao Village in the project area has a population of 558 and farmland area of 45.33 hectares, including 37.00 hectares of paddy field. The whole project area has 349 hectares of concentrated and continuous lands and grain production quantity of 3,802 tons and its cropping system is mainly the “rice-rice-fertilizer” and “rice- oilseed rape” systems. 78 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan ③ Project area of Taiyuan Town Project area of Taiyuan Town consists of 4 villages: Jiushi Village, Taijiu Village, Changqing Village and Hengxing Village, with a total area of 400 hectares. Jiushi Village in the project area has a population of 1,315 and farmland area of 130 hectares, including 107.5 hectares of paddy field. Taijiu Village in the project area has a population of 1,654 and farmland area of 128.8 hectares, including 122.87 hectares of paddy field. Changqing Village in the project area has a population of 1,283 and farmland area of 105 hectares, including 90.2 hectares of paddy field. Hengxing Village in the project area has a population of 1,239 and farmland area of 81.8 hectares, including 81.8 hectares of paddy field. The whole project area has 266.3 hectares of concentrated and continuous lands and grain production quantity of 2,327 tons and its cropping system is mainly the “rice-rice-fertilizer” system. ④ Project area of Hongshi Town Project area of Hongshi Town consists of 6 villages: Hongshi, Daoshan, Yutian, Gaolu, Qingjiang and Shimen, with a total area of 400 hectares. Hongshi Village in the project area has a population of 1,500 and farmland area of 127.20 hectares, including 82.20 hectares of paddy field. Daoshan Village in the project area has a population of 1,500 and farmland area of 83.13 hectares, including 64.67 hectares of paddy field. Yutian village in the project area has a population of 1,956 and farmland area of 127.20 hectares, including 82.20 hectares of paddy field. Gaolu village in the project area has a population of 2,038 and farmland area of 85.33 hectares, including 81.33 hectares of paddy field. Qingjiang village in the project area has a population of 1249 and farmland area of 66.69 hectares, including 62.52 hectares of paddy field. Shimen village in the project area has a population of 800 and farmland area of 38.93 hectares, including 36.80 hectares of paddy field. The whole project area has 264.8 hectares of concentrated and continuous lands and grain production quantity of 2,561 tons and its cropping system is mainly the “rice-rice-fertilizer” system. 79 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.4 Current situation of agricultural producing areas 4.4.1 Current situation of farmland pollution in Hengyang County In 2012 and 2015, 1,549 point locations were collected in Hengyang County for farmland soil monitoring and high frequent monitoring. Current situation of heavy metal pollution in Hengyang County is presented at Figure 4-7. As shown in Figure 4-7, most farmlands have heavy metal pollution risks of different degrees, with the main risk factor as Cd, followed by As and Hg. Figure 4-7 Current Situation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Hengyang County ①Current situation of farmland Cd pollution According to the monitoring results, among all 1,549 point locations, the main scopes of soil Cd pollution concentration are 0.3-0.6mg/kg, accounting for 53.29%; the second common scope is ≤0.3 mg/kg, accounting for 42.57%; the third common scope is 0.6-0.9mg/kg, accounting for 3.12%; and the last is ≥0.9mg/kg, accoun ting for 1.02%. Therefore, most farmland soil Cd pollution risk in Hengyang County is low; it’s necessary to take protection and control measures, alleviate soil Cd pollution, and control OOS of agricultural products. The current status about the Cd pollution of farmland soil in 80 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Hengyang County is detailed in the Table 4-8 and Fig.4-8. Table 4-8 Farmland Cd Pollution in Hengyang County Numb er of No Proporti Scope of Cd content point Distribution . on locatio ns Xijiang Township, Jingtoujiang Town, 1 ≤0.3 mg/kg 660 42.57% Shanqiao Town, Da’an Township etc. Taiyuan Town, Xidu Town, Jibing Town, 2 0.4-0.6mg/kg 825 53.29% Jinlan Town, Xianshan Town, Hongshi Town, Guanshi Town, etc. Zhangmu Township, Qulan Township, Xidu 3 0.6-0.9mg/kg 48 3.12% Town, etc. 4 ≥0.9mg/kg 16 1.02% Hongshi Town, Jinxi Town, etc. 5 Subtotal 1549 100.00% Fig.4-8 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) Pollution of Soils in Hengyang County ②Current situation of farmland As pollution In accordance with the monitoring results, the number of points with soil arsenic 81 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan content ＜15mg/kg accounts for 72.95% of totally 1,549 points in the whole county; the number of points with arsenic content within 15-20mg/kg accounts for 15.69% of totally 1549 points; the number of points with arsenic content within 20-30mg/kg accounts for 7.62% of totally 1549 points; and the number of points with arsenic content ≥30mg/kg accounts for 3.74% of totally 1549 points. It can be seen that the farmland soil in Hengyang County faces a lower risk of arsenic pollution. The current status about the arsenic pollution of farmland soil in Hengyang County is detailed in the Table 4-9 and Fig.4-9. Table 4-9 Farmland As Pollution in Hengyang County Number of Scope of As No. point Proportion Distribution content locations Major towns and townships, including Xidu 1 ＜15 1130 72.95% Town, Taiyuan Town, Jibing Town, Hongshi Town, Zhajiang Township Major towns and townships, including Banshi 2 15-20 243 15.69% Township, Da’an Township, Guanshi Town, Hongshi Town Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Xidu 3 20-30 118 7.62% Town, Taiyuan Town etc. Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town, 4 ＞30 58 3.74% Banshi Township etc. Subtotal 1549 82 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Fig. 4-9 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Arsenic (As) Pollution of Soils in Hengyang County ③Current Situation of farmland Hg pollution In accordance with the monitoring results, the number of points with soil mercury content ＜0.15mg/kg accounts for 64.30% of totally 1549 points in the whole county; the number of points with mercury content within 0.15-0.3mg/kg accounts for 27.82% of totally 1549 points; the number of points with mercury content within 0.3-1.0mg/kg accounts for 7.55% of totally 1,549 points; and the number of points with mercury content ≥30mg/kg accounts for 0.32% of totally 1,549 points. It can be seen that the farmland soil in Hengyang County basically faces no risk of mercury pollution. The current situation 83 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan about the mercury pollution of farmland soil in Hengyang County is detailed in the Table 4-10and Fig.4-10. Table 4-10 Farmland Hg Pollution in Hengyang County Numb Scope of er of Proportio No. Hg point Distribution n content locatio ns Most towns and township, including Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Goulou, Guanshi Town, Hongshi Town, Jibing Town, Jiepai, Jinlan Township, Jinxi, Jingtou, 1 ＜0.15 996 64.30% Kuzongqiao Town, Lanlong Township, Qulan Town, Sanhu Town, Shanqiao, Shishi, Taiyuan Town, Xidu Town, Xijiang Most towns and township, including Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Goulou, Guanshi Town, Hongshi Town, Jibing Town, Jiepai, Jinlan Township, Jinxi, Jingtou, 2 0.15-0.3 431 27.82% Kuzongqiao Town, Lanlong Township, Qulan Town, Sanhu Town, Shanqiao, Shishi, Taiyuan Town, Xidu Town, Xijiang Banshi Township, Da’an Township, Hongshi Town, Jibing 3 0.3-1.0 117 7.55% Town, Jiepai Town, Jinlan Town etc. 4 ＞1.0 5 0.32% Hongshi Town, Xianshan, Shishi and Jingtou Subtotal 1549 84 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Fig. 4-10 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Mercury (H g) Pollution of Soils in Hengyang County ④ Current Situation of farmland Cr and Pb pollution According to the monitoring results, there is no farmland Pb pollution in Hengyang County, basically without OOS phenomenon. The number of points with chromium content ＞150mg/kg only accounts for 0.14% of total number of points, so it basically faces no risk of chromium pollution. 4.4.2 Current Situation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Agricultural Products Through the analysis of the monitoring data about soil and agricultural products of Hengyang County in 2013 and 2016, the result shows that, in the risk factors of cadmium, arsenic, mercury, lead and chromium, part of rice in Hengyang County face the risk of heavy metal pollution and its risk factor is cadmium, while the remaining factors bring no risk to rice of Hengyang County. The situation and distribution of cadmium pollution risk of the agricultural products are detailed in the Table 4-11. Table 4-11 OOS Situation of Agricultural Product Cd Pollution in Hengyang County Numbe r of OOS point No Proportio situation location Distribution . n (Cd) s (point location ) Qulan Township, Shishi Township, Sanhu Town, Jinxi 1 ＜0.2 305 53.04% Town, Jingtou Town, Kuzong Township Xidu Town. Hongshi Town, Taiyuan Town, Jinxi Town, 2 0.2-0.4 241 41.91% Shishi Township, Goulou Township etc. Zhajiang Township, Da’an Township, Jinlan Town, 3 0.4-0.6 21 3.65% Taiyuan Town, Xijiang Township, Xianshan Township, Sanhu Town etc. 4 ＞0.6 8 1.39% Qulan Township, Jibing Town, Jinlan Town etc. 575 100.00% 85 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.4.3 Farmland heavy metal pollution sources and treatment effects 4.4.3.1 Main heavy metal pollution sources 1. Overview of heavy metals related enterprises Overview of industries involving the heavy metals in the history: a large number of micro and small smelting & mining enterprises or individual workshops appeared after 1970; there were totally 198 free-discharge production points in the peak period of 2005, with annual discharge of more than 83,000 tons of “three wastes”. In which, the discharge of “three wastes” by the gold mining & metallurgy, vanadium mining and smelting, manganese smelting, zinc smelting, copper smelting and plastics processing industries caused serious pollution. The waste residues discharged by the above-mentioned enterprises and workshops locally polluted the surrounding cultivated land, and the discharged waste water entered Zhengshui River to become the irrigation water source, leading to further pollution of more farmlands. 4-11 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Pollution Sources in Hengyang County 86 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan to become the irrigation water source, leading to further pollution of more farmlands. 4-11 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Pollution Sources in Hengyang County 2. Farming and Fertilization Status of Farmland The total livestock excretion amount of the whole county is 7,800,060 tons. In accordance with the initial statistics, the total use amount is 1,672,200 tons and the total use ratio is 92.86%. The scaled farming degree of hogs is high, and individual livestock farms have no sewage treatment measures. There are 119 scaled livestock farms within 500m from the Zhengshui River in the whole county, with a total building area of 69206.48 m2. At present, 21 scaled livestock farms in the four drinking water protection site in Xidu, Taiyuan, Zhajiang and Hongshi are closed and demolished, with the closed and demolished area of 13370.1 m2. The remaining 98 scaled livestock farms have already been listed into the planned tasks and must reach the standard after treatment in 2016, and the livestock farms failing to meet the standard will be closed. The whole Hengyang County totally used 87 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 310.7 tons of herbicides, 236 tons of pesticides and 96,500 tons of chemical fertilizers (including 6,000 tons of calcium superphosphate) in 2014. 3. Soil parent rock There are more than 40 types of explored ore deposits in Hengyang County, such as the kaolin, albite, potash feldspar, coal, iron, vanadium, lead, zinc, manganese, gold, beryl (beryllium), barite, mineral water, granite and cement-producing limestone, etc. Due to the biogeochemical effects and single use of chemical fertilizers for a long period in recent 20 years, soil background value of heavy metal such as cadmium is relatively higher in the cultivated lands of the project counties. 4.4.3.2 Analysis of Pollution Sources According to related source analysis literature, existing research as well as analysis of pollution sources in Hengyang County, waste water flowing from the industry and mineral industry in the history and outward discharge of waste residues into Zhengshui River lead to the standard-exceeding of water quality in Zhengshui River and serious standard-exceeding of heavy metals contents in the sediment. Hengyang County is a typical county with many years of history of mining & mineral processing and smelting on the Xiangjiang river basin and there are hundreds of all sizes of factories and mines in the county, so there are many pollution sources. Due to the constraint of many factors in different historical development stages, such as the technical conditions, awareness level and regulation strength, etc., the heavy metals in the externally discharged waste water are deposited in the sediment of ditches and river channels, and the heavy metals in the waste gas settle in soil and water body through the atmosphere and then flow into surface water, soil and underground water through the surface runoff, so the discharged heavy metals gradually accumulate in a non-biodegradable way. Moreover, the soil background value of heavy metals in this county is relatively higher, so this leads to standard-exceeding of heavy metals in a large area of soils. In regard to industrial source, many waste residues arising from the previous mining and smelting enterprises involving heavy metals are stacked in the open air; under the role 88 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan of rainwater and leachate, the bottom layers and surrounding soils are polluted by heavy metal, and blowing dust is caused due to dry surface after long-time stockpiling and causes dust hazard to the atmospheric environment. Heavy-metal-containing dusts exhausted by smelting plants enter the surface soil layer during dry and wet deposition of smelting dusts. Waste water resulting from the smelting of nonferrous metals contains a large number of heavy metals, suspended matters and acids, etc., and the waste water containing heavy metals have been directly discharged into the Zhengshui River due to the backward processing technology, leading to pollution to water body. As most of the cultivated lands in Hengyang County use the Zhengshui River as the irrigation water source, this further pollutes the farmland and leads to the standard-exceeding of heavy metals in agricultural products. Moreover, local farmers previously directly used the sediment of Zhengshui River in their farmlands as a kind of organic fertilizer, leading to the standard-exceeding of heavy metals in the farmland soil. Taking the Xiangjiang river basin in Hunan Province as an example, the amount of the heavy metal – cadmium discharged into Xiangjiang river basin is up to 148 tons in each year. At present, most of enterprises involving the heavy metals have been closed and they will not produce new pollutants any more, but the problems left over by history have already led to standard-exceeding of heavy metals in soil and agricultural products and significant costs will be required to control and treat these problems. As the “national grain production model county”, Hengyang County has uses 6000 tons of calcium superphosphate in the past 30 years, and poor-quality calcium superphosphate and powdered rock phosphate in the phosphatic fertilizers contain cadmium and may aggravate the heavy metal pollution of farmland to a certain extent. In addition, there are 119 scaled livestock farms within 500m from the Zhengshui River in the whole county according to the statistics result, and the discharge of wastes resulting from farming is also an important factor bringing pollution risk to the farmland. At present, environmental department has closed 21 scaled livestock farms, and the remaining 98 farms have already been listed into the treatment plan. All these remaining farms must be 89 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan treated to meet the standard, and those failing to meet the standard will be closed. Therefore, the agricultural source in Hengyang County has a smaller influence on the heavy metal pollution risk of farmland. 90 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 4-12 Analysis of Pollution Sources in Hengyang County Analysis Type of Specific pollution of pollution Pollution pathway source pollution source influence Waste water resulting from the Feces of livestock livestock farms is discharged Feces pollution Agricultu and poultry without treatment and flows into Certain ral source farmland as a kind of fertilizer. influence Chemical Nitrogen phosphorus and Agricultural inputs fertilizer potassium fertilizers are safe The waste residues discharged by the illegal mining and smelting enterprises and workshops locally polluted the surrounding cultivated land, and the discharged waste water entered Zhengshui River to become the irrigation water source, leading to Contaminating further pollution of more Gold mining & irrigation water farmlands metallurgy, vanadium mining Direct discharge of industrial and smelting, waste water without treatment manganese and waste residue leachate in the Main smelting, zinc past polluted the rivers and pollution Industrial smelting, copper formed the polluted irrigation source; source smelting and water, leading to accumulation of large plastics processing heavy metals in farmlands. influence enterprises and Waste residues stored in the open small workshops in air in the past lead to rising of the history dust after wind blowing, and the discharged “three Atmospheric smelting waste gas discharged by wastes”. dustfall the enterprises involving heavy metals forms the atmospheric dust fall Pollute the sediment in Sediment in irrigation channel irrigation was used in farmland as a kind of channel and organic fertilizer in the past used as organic fertilizer A variety of ore deposits increase Background Relatively Natural the content of heavy metals in Parent material values of heavy small source soil through the environmental metal influence effect. Increase in Cd efficiency and Soil acidification absorption Certain Others Farmland Different Cd absorption due to influence management different water content measure management 91 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.4.3.3 Control of pollution sources In view of serious impacts of soil heavy metal pollution problems, vigorous treatment have been implemented against the artificial pollution problems in recent years. (1) Dozens of pollution discharge production points have been closed, such as the paper mill, nitrogenous fertilizer plant, 3 small-sized waste plastics processing plants, 3 zinc oxide factories and small-sized paper mills in Hengyang County; (2) 38 livestock farms on both banks of main stream of Xiangjiang river have been relocated; (3) 26 stone enterprises in Jingtou Town and 13 ceramic sand washing enterprises in Jiepai Town have realized the waste water recycling or discharging with standard level through the construction of pollution prevention & treatment facilities and technical innovation; (4) Implement comprehensive treatment of 39 mining & processing enterprises, 13 scaled livestock farms and 5 plastics manufacturing enterprises. These enterprises and farms constructed pollution prevention and treatment facilities after treatment and realized the waste water recycling or “zero discharge”, so the amount of powdery dust and raised dust was comprehensively reduced and the waste materials & residues can be utilized comprehensively. This make the water quality in rivers and reservoirs improve markedly, such as the Wushui River, Yinxi River, Niuxingshan, Xiepoyan, etc. (5) Kangkang disinfection center was required to be relocated within a limit period. The treatment circumstances of main enterprises involving the heavy metal are detailed in the Table 4-13 and Fig.4-12 Table 4-13 Treatment Circumstances of Main Enterprises Involving Heavy Metal of Hengyang County in Past Years No. Name of Enterprise Geographical Treatment Remarks Location Time 1 Jinlan Copper Wire Factory Jinlan Village, Jinlan From 2008 Closed Town to 2012 2 Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Qingmu Village, Xidu Closed Products Co., Ltd Town 3 Hengang Fengyuan Non-ferrous Metal Shishi Village, Shishi Closed Co., Ltd Town 4 Illegal mining points of manganese ore Jingyun Village, Closed in Jingyun Village of Jingtou Town Jingtou Town 5 Hengyang Xinlian Chemicals Co., Ltd Wuma Village, Jibing Closed Town 6 Hengyang Xingheng Chemicals Co., Baoan Village, Xidu Closed Ltd Town 92 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 7 Hengyang Debang Chemicals Co., Ltd Baoan Village, Xidu Closed Town 8 Indium smelting factory in Baoan Baoan Village, Xidu Closed Village of Hengyang County Town 9 Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Yingpo Village, Xidu Closed Chemical Co., Ltd Town 10 Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Qunxing Village, Xidu Closed Ltd Town 11 Gengyang Paper Mill Huaihua Village, Xidu Closed Town 12 Hengyang Nitrogenous Fertilizer Plant Qingmu Village, Xidu Closed Town Hongshi Village of Hongshi Town, Tanshan Village of Small-sized paper mills in Hengyang Sanhu Town, Qiuxia 13 County Village of Zhajiang Closed Town, Qunying Village of Taiyuan Town and Fuxi Village of Taiyuan Town Guanshi Town, 14 Illegal vanadium smelting points with Hongshi Town, Sanhu 2008 Closed indigenous method Town, Shishi Town and Jibing Town Fig.4-12 Treatment Circumstances of Main Enterprises Involving Heavy Metal of Hengyang County in Past Years Implementation of the above-mentioned treatment measures makes the monitoring factors of main irrigation water source (Zhengshui River) in Hengyang County meet the requirements of GB5084-2005 Standards for Irrigation Water Quality. Details are shown in the Table 2-5 (November 13-15, 2015; test results of part of cross sections in the 93 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Zhengshui River basin provided by the Hunan Yimei Hazardous Substance Testing Center). 4.5 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status 4.5.1 Investigation and assessment of current surface water environment status ⑴ Distribution of monitoring points Irrigation water for the project areas in Xidu Town, Taiyuan Town and Hongshi Town of Hengyang County is from the Zhengshui River. With the aim of investigating Zhengshui water quality, the Agricultural Bureau of Hengyang County entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor Zhengshui, with the monitoring results shown in Table 4-14. ⑵Time of monitoring January 15-17, 2016 ⑶Assessment standards Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III standards stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) ⑷Assessment results According to Table 4-14, monitoring factors of each cross section of Zhengshui River (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). 94 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 4-14 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Hengyang County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitorin Monitoring Total Ammoni g point Name date pH CODcr phosphor a As Pb Cd Cr VI Hg location us nitrogen 2016.1.15 7.02 17.4 0.05 0.324 ND ND ND ND ND Oujia Group, Upstream of 2016.1.16 7.05 18.2 0.04 0.288 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Yutian Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.05 14.2 0.02 0.285 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.15 7.35 23.3 0.11 3.77 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Linjiao Group, Midstream of 2016.1.16 7.43 31.6 0.12 3.55 0.001 ND ND ND ND Daoshan Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.34 21.7 0.09 3.52 0.0009 ND ND ND ND Hongshi Standard Town exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.15 7.56 10.1 0.06 0.442 0.0016 ND ND ND ND Yongxing Group, Downstream 2016.1.16 7.60 12.7 0.06 0.549 0.0025 ND ND ND 0.00005 Shimen Village of Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.58 5.90 0.04 0.450 0.0025 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment result (%) Maximum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 times of ultra 95 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan standard 2016.1.15 7.45 16.8 0.09 0.376 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Shizitang Group, Upstream of 2016.1.16 7.38 16.6 0.10 0.332 0.0013 ND ND ND ND Hengxing Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.47 13.8 0.07 0.297 0.001 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Taiyuan standard Town 2016.1.15 7.64 14.2 0.10 0.572 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Fengtantou, Taijiu Midstream of 2016.1.16 7.70 15.6 0.09 0.588 0.001 ND ND ND ND Village Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.62 10.0 0.07 0.541 0.0009 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (%) Assessment result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water 5.5～8.5 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 (GB5084-2005) Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 water (GB3838-2002) Continued Table 4-14 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Hengyang County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monit Monitoring and assessment factor oring Hexava Monitoring Total point Name Ammonia Cadmi lent date pH CODcr phospho Arsenic Lead Mercury locati nitrogen um chromi rus on um 96 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Yongxingqiao 2016.1.15 7.68 18.6 0.10 0.596 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Downstream Group of Jiushi 2016.1.16 7.75 12.7 0.09 0.618 0.0011 ND ND ND ND of Zhengshui Village 2016.1.17 7.64 10.0 0.07 0.555 0.001 ND ND ND ND Taiyu Standard an exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Town Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Fengxin Group 2016.1.15 7.54 28.7 0.15 1.75 0.0002 ND ND ND ND Upstream of of Douling 2016.1.16 7.63 33.1 0.19 1.72 0.0014 ND ND ND 0.00004 Zhengshui Village 2016.1.17 7.55 26.5 0.15 1.76 0.0015 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Chaping Group 2016.1.15 7.63 12.3 0.11 0.678 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Midstream of of Meihua 2016.1.16 7.70 12.7 0.11 0.695 0.001 ND ND ND ND Zhengshui Xidu Village 2016.1.17 7.69 11.1 0.08 0.607 0.001 ND ND ND ND Town Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Shangtang 2016.1.15 7.67 15.8 0.10 0.571 0.0002 ND ND ND ND Downstream Group of 2016.1.16 7.73 11.1 0.09 0.560 0.0008 ND ND ND ND of Zhengshui Qingmu Village 2016.1.17 7.65 8.40 0.07 0.511 0.0009 ND ND ND ND Standard Assessment exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 result rate (%) 97 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard New Yingpo 2016.1.15 7.65 13.0 0.10 0.604 0.0002 ND ND ND ND Bridge Xidu Downstream 2016.1.16 7.68 13.5 0.10 0.593 0.001 ND ND ND ND Hydrometric of Zhengshui Station 2016.1.17 7.60 9.60 0.08 0.541 0.001 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water 5.5～8.5 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 (GB5084-2005) Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 surface water (GB3838-2002) Continued Table 4-14 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Hengyang County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitori Hexava Monitoring Total ng point Name Ammonia Cadmiu lent date pH CODcr phospho Arsenic Lead Mercury location nitrogen m chromi rus um Upstream of 2016.1.15 7.57 16.6 0.13 1.04 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Doupo Village Downstrea 2016.1.16 7.61 14.8 0.11 1.11 0.001 ND ND ND 0.00002 Waste m of Xidu Treatment Zhengshui 2016.1.17 7.54 12.6 0.11 1.03 0.0011 ND ND ND ND Town Plant Assessment Standard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 result exceeding 98 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan rate (%) Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water 5.5～8.5 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 (GB5084-2005) Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 surface water (GB3838-2002) 99 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.5.2 Investigation and assessment of current soil environment status ⑴Distribution of monitoring points With the aim of investigating soil heavy metal content in the Hengyang County project area, the Agricultural Bureau of Hengyang County entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor the soils in the project area. Total area of the project area: 20,585.1mu; number of monitoring points: 136; monitoring density: one per 151mu, meeting the requirement of 1 monitoring point for every 100-200 mu in the gentle area. ⑵Time of monitoring January 15-17, 2016 ⑶Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑷Assessment results In accordance with the monitoring result, farmlands in the project area of Xidu Town contain excessive content of cadmium and arsenic. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.30—0.54mg/k exceeding 0.06—0.8 times of the standard value, while the arsenic content is within 6.62—45.1mg/kg exceeding 0.14—0.5 times of the standard value. Farmlands in the project area of Hongshi Town contain excessive content of cadmium, arsenic and mercury. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.30—0.83mg/kg exceeding 0.06—1.76 times of the standard value, the arsenic content is within 3.56—91.4mg/kg exceeding 0.2—2.04 times of the standard value, and the mercury content is within 0.037—1.28mg/kg which is 0.31—3.26mg/kg higher than the standard value. Farmlands in the project area of Taiyuan County contain excessive content of cadmium, arsenic and mercury. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.32—0.68mg/kg exceeding 0.06—1.26 times of the standard value, the arsenic content is within 6.36—47.7mg/kg exceeding 0.013—0.59 times of the standard value, and the mercury content is within 0.021—0.58mg/kg exceeding 0.1—0.93 times of the standard value. 100 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.5.3 Investigation and assessment of current status of irrigation canal sediments ⑴ Investigation object Irrigation canal sediments in project areas of Hengyang County ⑵Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑶Assessment results In accordance with the monitoring result shown in the Table 4-15, the contents of some elements in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in the project area of Hengyang County exceed the standard value. In which, the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in Yutian Village in the project area of Hongshi Town exceed the standard value by 0.23 times; the cadmium content and mercury content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in the Zaozi Group of Taiping Village exceed the standard value by 0.73 times and 0.06 times respectively, while the cadmium content and mercury content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in the Tianfang Group exceed the standard value by 5.0 times and 0.18 times respectively; the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Ronghua Village exceeds the standard value by 0.03 times; the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Liaojia Group of Hongshi Village exceeds the standard value by 0.8 times, the cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Gaoshang Group exceeds the standard value by 1.0 times, and the cadmium content and mercury content in the sediment of irrigation ditch in Zuojia Group exceeds the standard value by 1.23 times and 0.11 times respectively. The cadmium content in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in Shangtang Group of Qingmu Village in the project area of Xidu Town exceed the standard value by 0.76 times. The contents of elements in the sediment of irrigation ditch of Zhengshui River in the project area of Taiyuan County do not exceed the standard value. 101 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.6 Investigation of agricultural products ⑴ Investigation object 120 rice samples are collected from the project area in Hengyang County. ⑵Assessment standards National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012) (Standard values: Pb: 0.2mg/kg; inorganic As: 0.2mg/kg; total Cr: 1.0mg/kg; Hg: 0.02mg/kg; Cd: 0.2mg/kg) ⑶Monitoring results ① Rice risk level in Xidu Town project area: medium (RⅣ); 19 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 50% of 38 points; 19 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 50% of 38 points. ② Rice risk level in Hongshi Town project area: medium (RⅣ); 39 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 86.67% of 45 points; 6 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 13.33% of 45 points. ③ Rice risk level in Taiyuan Town project area: medium (RⅣ); 27 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 72.97% of 37 points; 10 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 27.03% of 37 points. 102 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 4-15 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals within the Hengyang County Project Areas Monitoring factor Name of Detailed address of Northern Eastern Organ Cation pH(dime Effective project point samples (village/group) Pb As Cr Hg ic exchange latitude longitude Cd (mg/kg) nsionless state Cd (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) matter capacity ) (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) Yutian Yushan 27.175203 112.261139 30.7 0.37 11.4 55 0.149 6.23 0.05 38.71 9.20 Village Group Times of ultra standard 0 0.23 0 0 0 / / / / Zaozi 27.189868 112.242335 38.8 0.52 19.5 79 0.318 5.97 0.18 38.29 20.44 Group Times of ultra 0 0.73 0 0 0.06 / / / / Taiping standard Village Tianfang 27.190234 112.241687 33.8 1.80 25.3 75 0.354 6.07 0.42 30.19 11.34 Group Times of ultra 0 5.0 0 0 0.18 / / / / standard Zhengshui Ronghua Village 27.181664 112.264391 38.7 0.31 13.6 68 0.167 5.92 0.06 34.51 11.04 River Hongshi Times of ultra standard 0 0.03 0 0 0 / / / / Town Liaojia Project Area 27.156318 112.26417 36.1 0.54 17.2 53 0.282 5.99 0.12 46.84 10.03 Group Times of ultra 0 0.8 0 0 0 / / / / standard Gaoshang 27.156221 112.263661 44.9 0.60 18.6 68 0.285 6.39 0.15 43.49 19.41 Group Hongshi Village Times of ultra 0 1.0 0 0 0 / / / / standard Zuojia 27.156083 112.262315 47.4 0.67 17.3 67 0.335 5.91 0.18 52.18 13.53 Group Times of ultra 0 1.23 0 0 0.11 / / / / standard Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 52 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / (GB15618-1995) Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 53 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Continued Table 4-15 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals within the Hengyang County Project Areas Monitoring factor Orga Name of Cation Detailed address of Northern Eastern pH(dim Effective nic project Pb Cd As Cr Hg exchange samples (village/group) latitude longitude ensionle state Cd matte point (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) ss) (mg/kg) capacity r (cmol/kg(+)) (g/kg) Qingmu Shangtan 26.981948 112.382834 47.9 0.53 15.0 69 0.279 5.95 0.20 51.20 18.42 Zhengshui Village g Group River Xidu Times of ultra standard 0 0.76 0 0 0 / / / / Town Project Area Douling Group 27.004306 112.364369 32.4 0.23 11.6 65 0.173 5.87 0.07 35.86 10.23 Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Zhengshui Changqing Village 27.031739 112.37811 29.1 0.30 6.38 58 0.080 5.91 0.04 32.37 12.92 River Taiyuan Town Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Project Area Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / (GB15618-1995) Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 54 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 4.7 Social influence identification on environment in project area Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area is summarized in Table 4-19. Table 4-19 Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area Potential social and Description of Involved sensitive No. Project activity environmental Mitigation measures project point influence 1 Rish-based farmland management demonstration According to monitoring  Recipient of program requirements, sample to be tested, monitor the selected four  Sampling is a qualified testing project areas in a densified conducted in the laboratory manner (monitoring point project area and  Irrigation density of 30-50mu for samples are sent to a sources, drains, and mountain, 50-100mu for qualified testing irrigation water contiguous flat area; laboratory for analysis source drains monitoring of heavy metal and monitoring. During  Potential Intensive content in soil, and the process of chemical The waste liquid and sources of surface monitoring and agricultural product, analysis, there may be solid waste generated in water, groundwater 1.1 risk rating monitoring of heavy waste liquid and solid the testing laboratory and air pollution, assessment metals content in wastes, which are shall be treated safely. including industrial sediment, monitoring of handled by the testing and mining irrigation water quality laboratory according to enterprises and heavy metal content, the national involved in heavy etc.). According to the management standard, metal emission in monitoring data, assess the therefore, the the project area, level of risk, and environmental impact tailings pond, determine the is very low. historical pollution comprehensive risk sources , and waste control measures program. heaps, etc. Based on the analysis of valid data such as rice, internal and external agricultural pollutions, and Comprehensive agricultural production 1.2 risk control management, the project measures will adopt targeted risk management and control measures. For details, see 2.1 to 2.4. The engineering facilities  As the  Sprinkle water to Villagers, schools of this project country small-scale civil reduce dust; and other sensitive Engineering 1.2.1 include canal engineering construction activity,  Reasonable points around the measures 8.537km, 11 the project is located scheduling of small-scale civil sedimentation tank and around the agricultural construction; construction 55 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan field road maintenance up land and there is no  Construction activities to 8.537km environmentally machinery should meet Landfill receiving sensitive area the national health irrigation canal surrounding the project. protection standards; sludge (more than The size of the project  Monitor dredging level-3 soil is very small. There are of sediment in the standard) no more than 5-10 irrigation channel, and if project construction the sediment does not workers, it is exceed the level-2 unnecessary to build standard, it can be used construction camps, for land leveling and and the project does not backfilling, but if the involve land sediment is beyond the acquisition, demolition level-2 standard and and ethnic minorities. does not exceed the Noise, waste water and level-3 soil criteria, it solid waste may occur can be used in the forest. during the construction If the soil exceeds the process. However, level-3 standard, the these impacts are very soils are sent to the brief and have little close landfill, provided impact. They are that due diligence on limited to a small area landfill should be of the construction area conducted. and disappear with the end of construction.  Irrigation channel dredging involves the possibility that the sediment may be contaminated by heavy metals.  All agronomic  Based on the soil measures are carried monitoring results, set out in farmland, not the application rates of High-yield rice variety involving land lime, organic fertilizer Sensitive points control, optimizing field acquisition, relocation and soil inactivator such as villagers water management and ethnic minorities. according to soil and schools (flooding irrigation), soil  Irrigation of characteristics and risk affected by the acidification conditioning paddy rice during grain degree of different Agronomic application of lime; 1.2.2 (pH), application of filling and heading can project areas. measures Orchard, woodland organic manure, reduce the uptake of  Select agricultural receiving the application of soil heavy metals by rice. lime for application, removed straw; passivator, adjustment of  Application of which must be Net income of farm planting structure, straw lime can adjust the soil accompanied by households and other measures. pH, reducing crop evidence issued by the absorption of heavy authority for the key metals. However, indicators of product excessive application quality. Lime requires 56 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan of lime may cause soil calcium oxide content of compaction. If lime is 70%. In application of not applied, the health lime, the operating of the lime applicator personnel must wear may be affected if no protective clothing and protective measures are be sure to withdraw taken. windward (grade-4 and  Application of above wind power, lime soil inactivation agent should not be applied); can reduce the activity  The passivating of heavy metals in soil. agent applied must be an  Application of agricultural agent organic manure can registered in the national improve the physical agricultural sector that is and chemical properties allowed to be applied to of soil, but the the farmland to ensure application of that no new heavy unqualified organic metals pollution exists; fertilizer may bring the  Advocate the use secondary heavy metal of commercial organic pollution to farmland fertilizers, select the soil. commercial organic  Adjust the social fertilizer which has impact of planting already been tested in structure. the field and  Removal of determining the safety heavy metals from of the product through straw from farmland is the secondary pollution beneficial to reducing assessment, and has the heavy metals in already been registered; farmland soil. Potential and the heavy metal Environmental Impacts content of the of Straw Disposal Site. commercial organic Social influence. fertilizer shall comply with the standard "Organic Fertilizer" (NY 525 -2012);  Straw is removed for covering orchards and forest. Promote the clean  Facilitate  Timely removal agricultural production, reducing the amount of and recovery of encourage farmers to chemical pesticides; packaging of increase organic fertilizer, promote inputs; Agricultural inputs agricultural, agricultural 1.2.3 Pest management reduce the use of chemical physical, biological which are sent to the packaging recovery fertilizers by scientific control measures and local specialized units application of pesticides, low-toxicity and agricultural inputs implement specialized low-residue chemical packaging recovery prevention and green pesticides, which is units; 57 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan control of crop diseases conducive to ecological  Carry out and pests, and promote and environmental monitoring of diseases low-toxicity and protection in the project and insect pests low-residue efficient area.. Potential  Training of pesticide and modern plant environmental impacts agro-technical personnel protection machinery. of the disposal of and farmers on pest and packaging of disease control agricultural inputs. knowledge; 1.2.4 Other measures Based on the recommendation list of variety of rice for emergency with low cadmium accumulation in Hunan province, conduct research on technology that is safe for and suitable for production of rice in the project area,  No environmental Selection of reasonably select variety Net income of （1） influence. variety of rice in the project area, farmland household  Social influence confirm the cadmium accumulation index of the main paddy rice variety in the project area, and when the BCF index is higher than Ⅵ level, the risk of cadmium accumulation is higher, and it was controlled to access into the project area.  Corns are stored after being inspected and beyond-standard  Factories corn shall be purchased For the beyond-standard undertaking by the designated rice, implement the system industrial use of  Risk of heavy enterprise at the national in which specialized beyond-standard metal contamination as protective price or enterprises are arranged to rice (such as a result of reuse of market price and shall Control of purchase such rice as alcohol plant) residuals after use of be stored in the special （2） beyond-standard industrial grain and feed or  Landfill beyond-standard rice, warehouse. rice for other industrial use, receiving residuals which risk is extremely  Detect heavy Such enterprises are with excessive low. metal content in residual entitled to acquisition heavy metals  Social influence of the beyond-standard subsidies, and subsidy is  Sales price of rice after industrial use, 200 Yuan / ton. agricultural and safely dispose of products residuals with excessive heavy metals by sanitary landfill 58 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan  Prepare the "Program for the Control and Control of Heavy Metals Abnormal Rice". Entities obtaining certificates for Certification of  No adverse pollution-free, green, and place of origin of environmental （3） organic food are entitled to agricultural influence. subsidy of product  Social influence 5,000/10,000/20,000 Yuan. Encourage the project area Agricultural to create the brand of product brand  No adverse agricultural products and （4） building and environmental promotion to enhance the promotion influence. economic value of the expenses product The professional supervision institution shall be employed to supervise the implementation of the project agronomic  No adverse Project 1.3 measures (lime, organic environmental supervision fertilizer, passivation influence. agent, flood irrigation, straw from the fields, etc.). The supervision fee is calculated according to 20 Yuan / mu /season 2 Strengthening monitoring and management of agricultural environment Including a set of agricultural environment monitoring and early Establishment of warning software, 1  During the  Recipient of agricultural sampling check-out The waste liquid and process of chemical sample to be tested, 2.1 environment vehicles, 2 client solid waste generated in analysis, there may be a qualified testing monitering computers,Support the the testing laboratory waste liquid and solid laboratory database and construction of Hengyang shall be treated safely. wastes, prewarning County Heavy Metal Testing Room, including the laboratory renovation and equipment purchase Risk-based Establish model based on  Soft research and farmland monitoring data of no adverse 2.2 management tool component 1 to support environmental and preparation risk management of influence. of agricultural farmland, and on the basis 59 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan risk chart of effective combination of data and management tool, determine rating of risk of pollution of regional farmland and crops, and prepare agricultural production risk chart for the province. Developer promulgate local rules and regulations and technical standards related to such Development or  Soft research and management as farmland issuance of local no adverse 2.3 pollution prevention and policy and environmental control and rehabilitation, standard influence. and guide the project counties in comprehensive management of farmland pollution control Study the sustainable financing mode and Sustainable ecological compensation investment and mechanism for the  Soft research and financing long-term farmland no adverse 2.4 mechanism and pollution management and environmental ecological soil health restoration influence. compensation action so as to ensure the mechanism sustainable agriculture development in Hunan province Foster the management and technical capacity of government officials; organize international and domestic investigation training; train environmental monitoring personnel and farmers, providing technical  No adverse Capacity 3 assistance to enterprises environmental building involved in heavy metal influence. contamination with a total of 1021.44 person-months; carry out project concept and technology promotion activity by seminars and training, and share and publicize project experience and technology 60 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan by use of video and printed information. Provide technical assistance and training (procurement, finance, security policies, etc.) for project management personnel to improve their management capabilities; purchase office equipment required for project management, and to undertake expenses of routine project Project  No adverse management, procurement 4 management and environmental and financial management. evaluation influence. Carry out the project kick-off / completion seminars, and build Mis system; collect farmland environmental quality change and other relevant information and data during the project implementation, and monitor and evaluate the project implementation results. The design size of the settling basin is 2 × 2 × 1.0 m, with cast-in-place concrete structure, the wall of 120mm thickness and of C20 cast-in-place reinforced concrete, and the floor of 120mm thickness and of C20 cast-in-place reinforced concrete. Basin bottom elevation is at least 300mm to the channel bottom elevation. Ecological interception ditch is mainly renovated on the basis of the original drainage ditch, including renovation of ditch bottom and ditch wall, and the construction of intercepting dam. The ditch wall is made of honeycomb cement board, and the cement board is evenly distributed. General cement board specifications is the 60cm × 50cm × 5cm (length × width × thickness), the honeycomb cement board hole diameter in the wall is 8.0cm, and the distance between adjacent holes is 20cm. Ditch bottom is also made of honeycomb-shaped cement board, the layout on the ditch bottom is flat. Ditch cross-section is trapezoidal. Cross sections both of intercepting dam and trench are also trapezoidal, with the central and bottom drainage holes. According to the needs, the water level within the interception section can be divided into 3 statuses: drained, half full and overflow. Dam height is about 70 cm. 61 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) 5.1 Analysis on impacts of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures Civil construction activities related to Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County consist of two categories: ①Small civil engineering, including the construction of sedimentation tanks, repair of the small field roads (only involving the road leveling and reinforcement without increasing the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel); ② The field irrigation channel engineering construction, including the drainage channel and irrigation system renovation. The project civil engineering construction activities may exert some impact on the water environment, ambient atmosphere, acoustic environment and ecological environment during the construction period. Civil construction engineering activities in Hengyang County are actually conducted on a smaller scale. The project is located in the farmland in the immediate vicinity. Project and the surrounding area have no environmentally sensitive districts and the project scale is actually very small. The project construction workers are no more than 5-10 persons without any need of building the construction camp. Moreover, the project is not involved with land expropriation, dismantling and relocation and ethnic minorities. It is likely to produce dust, noise, waste water (sewage) and solid waste, etc., in the construction process, the impact of which is temporary and insignificant as they are only limited within the construction scope and may be immediately gone with the conclusion of the engineering construction. 5.1.1 Analysis on impacts on water environment during construction Waste water during construction mainly includes construction wastewater and domestic sewage of constructors. The construction wastewater of the project is mainly the foundation pit excavation 62 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan water seepage, concrete mixing wastewater, concrete curing wastewater, sand-gravel material washing wastewater, machinery wastewater with oil appearing during the small-scale civil engineering construction and the field irrigation facility construction. The waste water is in a small amount. The pollution factors of the waste water are mainly SS, petroleum and COD etc. The main pollutants of the domestic sewage are COD, BOD5 and SS. The accommodation of the project constructors is depending on the nearby village. According to the practical situation of local villages, the domestic sewage is collected in the septic-tank and is cleared regularly to be used as manure. The arbitrary discharge of construction wastewater without any treatment will cause a certain amount of pollution to soil and surface water. Especially in the rainy weather, it will have a greater influence on the surface water environment, but it will not bring heavy metal pollution. In addition, dredging of irrigation and drainage channels will disturb the sediments in water, which will increase the SS concentration in the water and have short impacts on the downstream water environment. This kind of project should stay away from the farmland irrigation period. The reasonable construction method should be taken and the construction time should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the disturbance to the canal bed and minimize the impact on the water. 5.1.2 Analysis on impacts on ambient air during construction The impact of the project construction has concentrated impact on ambient air. The ambient air pollution mainly comes from the construction dust. During the construction, canal excavation, dregs transportation and loading, site clean-up and field construction will produce raised dust. The construction sites of the project are dispersed and the scale of the construction site in each project area is small. Therefore, the construction dust produced is only in a small amount. Usually it only has some impacts on the constructors. After the watering and dust suppression measures are taken, its impact on the regional environment is slight. is slight. 63 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 5.1.3 Analysis on impacts on acoustic environment during construction The noises during the construction are the noise on the construction site and the traffic noise during material transportation. ①The noise on the construction site The noises on the construction site mainly include the mechanical equipment noise and the impact noise during material loading such as shoveling and transportation, concreting, earthrock filling as well as aggregated rock and gravel loading etc. Since the construction machinery is in mobile outdoor operation and has no sound insulation measures, it will have some impacts on the residents living around the construction site. ②The traffic noise The truck will be mainly used as the transportation vehicle during the construction. The maximum noise intensity of a truck can reach 90dB(A). The construction sites of the project are dispersed, the work amount of each project area is small and there are not so many transportation vehicles. Therefore, the traffic noise in the construction transportation is intermittent and short. The work amount in each project area of the project is small and dispersed, the noises produced during the construction is intermittent and short. In addition, the construction is only conducted during the daytime and the construction sites are normally over 200m away from the centralized settlement of the village. Therefore, the impact of the noises is slight. By strengthening management and taking corresponding environmental control measures, its impact can be minimized. 5.1.4 Analysis on impacts of solid wastes during construction The solid wastes in the construction period are mainly the residue earth temporarily piled due to the foundation excavation and the domestic waste of the construction staff in the process of the drainage channel renovation, the engineering construction of sedimentation tanks and field roads. If no preventive measures are taken to the dregs, they will affect the landscape. In rainy seasons, they will cause water and soil loss; in windy and dry weather, they will produce flying dust. If the domestic wastes are not treated in time, 64 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan they will breed mosquitoes in mild temperature and cause a stink and transmit diseases, thus having adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. The construction contents of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal are the renovation and hardening of the original canals. The “grouted rubble +concrete” will be adopted for reinforcement. The design capacity of the sedimentation tank is 4 m3, so the engineering quantity is quite small and the earth excavation is mainly involved with the canal building; the repair of the small field roads does not increase the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel, so the earthwork is actually well balanced within the construction section. The work amount of each sub-project site in Hengyang County is not large, so the excavated dregs can be used for land leveling on site. The quantity of the constructors’ domestic wastes is small. The domestic wastes of the constructors are in a small quantity. They can be collected on the construction site and cleared and transported by the construction side. Therefore, the domestic wastes have slight impacts on the surrounding environment. Prior to the hardening and upgrading of channel in this project, it requires the dredging of the channel, mainly clearing and removing the channel sediments. In the actual construction process, a temporary sedimentation tank is intended to be built in the lower waste land in each construction section for the air drying of the channel sediments, and it will be further disposed of until sediments become solid. Where five factors in sediments, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, comply with Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), the sediments will be leveled and filled back in the nearby hollow place, thus exerting insignificant impact on the soil environment; where a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments complies or comply with Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) but is or are lower than Level-III standard thereof, the sediments, after the air drying, will be transported to the forest land for the consumptive purpose, mainly used as the soil fertilization in the forest land, thus exerting very insignificant impact on the forestland soil; however, if a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments goes or go beyond Level-III standard of Environmental quality standard for 65 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan soils (GB15618-1995), the sediments, after the air drying, will be transported to the landfill for the sanitary landfill, so this kind of sediments can be disposed of in a safer manner. In view of the channels to be dredged in Hengyang County, refer to Table 5-1 for the details about the actual condition where a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, goes or go beyond Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), and different disposal measures will be taken in view of the degree of sediments in excess of the standard. The abovementioned measures immediately taken can help the proper disposal of the sediments to be dredged from the channels in this project, thus exerting the insignificant impact. Table 5-1: Heavy metal content and disposal measures for sediments to be dredged from the channel in Hengyang County Sediments heavy Channel to be metal factors in excess No. Excessive condition Disposal measure dredged of the standard and content (mg/kg) Exceeding Level-II standard of To be transported Environmental Sediments in to Xidu Forestland quality standard for 1 Meihua Village Cd：0.53 after the air drying Channel soils for the forestland (GB15618-1995) but fertilization lower Level-III standard thereof Remarks: Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) applies to farmland soil; Level-III standard thereof applies to the forestland soil and the high background value soil with the larger pollutant capacity. 5.1.5 Analysis on impacts on ecological environment during construction The construction contents of the project are mainly the renovation of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal, and the construction of the sedimentation tank and the construction and repair of the field roads. The drainage channels and irrigation channels in this project are involved with the renovation of the original channels without increasing the new land use; the construction and repair of the field roads do not increase the width and 66 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan length of the roads without the land expropriation; the sedimentation tank only covers a smaller land area and is intended to be built in the vacant land within the project area without the land expropriation as well. During the construction, the construction site, the temporary dreg yard and the construction material storage need to occupy some lands temporarily, which will have great impacts on the ecological elements such as the vegetation, the soil environment, and the land utilization type etc. The land occupancy, the machinery grinding and personnel activities etc. may damage the vegetation on the earth’s surface and affect the function of the ecosystem; during the excavation and the filling, the stripping of the vegetation on the earth’s surface will cause the damage of the vegetation on the earth’s surface and meanwhile the waste soil stockpile will cause the soil erosion inevitably. Therefore, during the construction, the temporary water and soil loss will be caused. The project doesn’t have a large area of permanently occupied lands. After the construction is completed, the temporarily occupied construction land can be used for reclamation planting at any time. Therefore, the project has slight impacts on land use. 5.1.6 Analysis on mitigation measures to common impacts of the project civil engineering construction on environment Refer to the following appendixes for more details about the mitigation measures to impacts of the project civil engineering construction on environment: Appendix 1 Small civil engineering environmental protection procedures -ECOP Appendix 2 Field irrigation facilities construction environment protection procedures- ECOP 5.1.7 Analysis of impact of the project construction activities on the specific points and mitigation measures (1) Impact of construction dust on the special sensitive target The small civil construction and filed irrigation facilities in this project is involved with the small scale construction of a single engineering and the scope of the construction dust impact is mainly within 100m according to the similar survey. Ruiji Primary School 67 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan within Taiyuan Town Project Area is 80m away from the construction site, but the dust arising from the construction process may have relatively great impact on the sensitive target. To reduce the impact of the construction dust on the surrounding sensitive target, the project intends to adopt the corresponding measures by spraying water to reduce the dust to bring the construction dust to the minimum. (2) Impact of construction noise on the special sensitive target The single engineering construction quantity in this project is quite small and the construction is scattered and the noise arising from the construction process is intermittent and transient and the construction period is only limited in the daytime. Ruiji Primary School within Taiyuan Town Project Area is 80m away from the construction site, but the noise arising from the construction process may have impact on the sensitive target. This project intends to adopt the following measures to mitigate the impact on the sensitive acoustic environmental protection target: ①The construction within 200 m from the surrounding area of the school should be arranged at the non-schooling period. ② The construction machines and equipment (particularly the high noise equipment) should be put in places 200m away from the school; ③ The construction transport should avoid the road of access to the school. However, if it is hard to avoid it, the transport of construction materials and residue earth should be arranged after school instead of the school sessions. ④The transport vehicles should slow down next to the school and try not to horn. The single civil construction time in this project is very short and the impact on the surrounding sensitive target will be temporary. The abovementioned effective measures can reduce the noise to the maximum, so the impact on the surrounding sensitive target can comply with the relevant standard requirements. (3)Impact of dredged sediments in excess of the standard on Xidu Town Forestland In view of the dredging of sediments from irrigation channels in Meihua Village, Xidu Town, its heavy metal content goes beyond Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), but is lower than Level-III standard thereof. The 68 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan sediments after the air drying need to be transported to Xidu Town Forestland for the consumptive purpose, mainly for the forestland fertilization. The transport vehicles shall be sheltered with tarpaulin to prevent the falloff. The forestland area in Xidu Town is 67,000 mu but the quantity of consumptive sediments is less than 10t, so Xidu Town Forestland can completely assimilate or absorb these sediments, The forestland soil is subject to Level-III standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), and the absorbed and assimilated sediments can meet Level-III standard thereof, so the impact of these sediments on Xidu Town Forestland is really acceptable. If the heavy metals in the sediments meet the Class II of the Ambient Soil Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995) that is designed to ensure the soil quality to meet the requirements for safeguarding the human health and agricultural production, the sediments will be used on site; if the heavy metals exceed the Class II but below the Class III that is designed to safeguard the normal growth of trees, agricultural crops (excludes vegetables), the sediments will be applied in woodland; and if the heavy metals exceed the Class III, the minimum requirements for beneficiary use of soil, the sediments will be dried and transported to local sanitary landfills for landfill where the landfill facilities are designed and constructed to the sanitary standards. 5.2 Analysis on surrounding pollution sources and mitigation measures 5.2.1 Investigation and analysis on surrounding pollution sources Hengyang County is a typical county with many years of history of mining & mineral processing and smelting on the Xiangjiang river basin and there are hundreds of all sizes of factories and mines in the county, so there are many pollution sources. Due to the constraint of many factors in different historical development stages, such as the technical conditions, awareness level and regulation strength, etc., the heavy metals in the externally discharged waste water are deposited in the sediment of ditches and river channels, and the 69 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan heavy metals in the waste gas settle in soil and water body through the atmosphere and then flow into surface water, soil and underground water through the surface runoff, so the discharged heavy metals gradually accumulate in a non-biodegradable way. Moreover, the soil background value of heavy metals in this county is relatively higher, so this leads to standard-exceeding of heavy metals in a large area of soils. Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, Hongshi Village area in Hongshi Town uses the Zhengshui River as the irrigation water source. There was an illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method at the 3km location in the northeast of this area, and there is was tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. This anadium smelting point with indigenous method can be traced back to the 1990s, and it has an annual ore processing capacity of 8000 tons, so its scale is small. This illegal vanadium smelting point with indigenous method was closed by the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County in 2008. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the plant. No waste residue left on site. Therefore, the enterprise almost won’t cause new heavy metal pollution to the farmland at the downstream. Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, Meihua Village area in Xidu Town uses the Zhengshui River as the irrigation water source. Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been located in the southeast side of this project area, and the indium smelting factory in Baoan Village of Hengyang County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd have been located outside of the downstream 5-10km location in this area. These enterprises are those involving the discharge of heavy metals in the history. Besides these, there is no tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd founded in the early 1990s is a metal process enterprise mainly engaged in the processing of aluminium products, aluminium alloy, precision hardware, stainless steel screw rod and copper members, etc., but its business 70 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan does not involve the metal smelting. This enterprise mainly produces the waste water containing the pollution factors such as cadmium, chromium and arsenic, etc., and it has discharged waste water into the Zhengshui River. After the site verification, Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd has been closed during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period. The enterprise cleared the plant equipment and raw material yard when closing it, without retaining pollution source in site. Baoan Village of Hengyang County, Hengyang Sanhe Non-ferrous Metal Products Co., Ltd and Hengyang Longyu Zinc Industry Co., Ltd are located at the downstream of the project area and about 5-10km from this project area, so they have a very small influence on this project. These enterprises involving heavy metal have been closed during 2010-2015. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the plant. No waste residue left on site. Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, Taijiu Village area in Taiyuan Town also uses the Zhengshui River as the irrigation water source and there have been two illegal vanadium smelting points with indigenous method at the upstream of the project areas. Besides this, there was no tailings pond, storage of waste residue and pending problems resulting from mining activity around this area and in its upstream area. These two points can be traced back to the 1980s, with annual ore processing volume less than 10,000 tons. Vanadium smelting with indigenous method mainly produces the waste water and residues containing the pollution factors such as lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and vanadium, which leads to pollution to the Zhengshui River. These two illegal vanadium smelting point were closed by the law-enforcing department of Hengyang County in 2008. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the plant. No waste residue left on site. Therefore, the enterprise almost won’t cause new heavy metal pollution to the farmland at the downstream. 5.2.2 Mitigation measures (1) Implement regular water quality monitoring of Zhengshui River to master the water quality change of Zhengshui River and guarantee that the quality farmland irrigation 71 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan water in the project area meets the standard. Take emergency treatment measures if the water quality is found to exceed the standard, and use the clean irrigation water source meeting the standard. Irrigation can be made by diverting water from the upstream reservoir with qualified water quality. (2) Transform the irrigation and drainage canals to meet the requirements of the project area on the farmland irrigation water quality and quantity. (3) Government department should strengthen the monitoring and preclude the recovery of mining of the closed metal ore and mining points involving discharge of heavy metals at the upstream of Zhengshui River. (4) For excess sediments in the irrigation water, set up necessary front sedimentation tanks. Under normal circumstances, the front sedimentation tank volume should meet the requirements for the irrigation water settling time of 2h. The front sedimentation tank should be managed by a specially-assigned person appointed by the PMO. The precipitated sludge should be monitored and cleared every year regularly. The precipitated sludge is the general solid waste. Therefore, the sludge can be used for road filling or filled in the downfold after it is dried; otherwise, if the precipitated sludge is the dangerous solid waste, it must be transferred and treated by the qualified enterprise according to relevant risk requirements. See Picture 5-1 for the typical sedimentation tank. 72 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Fig. 5-1 Typical sedimentation tank 5.3 Analysis on impacts of agricultural activities and mitigation measures In the agricultural activities of Hengyang County, the factors with impact on the environment include: flooding irrigation, lime application (soil acidification and adjustment of pH value), use of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, use of soil passivator, use of pesticide, disposal of agricultural wastes, etc. Those with influence on certain points include: removal of straw from field and control of out-of-limit rice. All agricultural activities of Hengyang County are implemented in fields and not involving land acquisition, demolition and ethnic minorities. 5.3.1 Analysis of common environmental impact of agricultural activities 5.3.1.1 Analysis of the impact of flooding irrigation During the period of project implementation, flooding irrigation could reduce heavy metal absorption in rice during the period of grain filing and heading. Hengyang County has abundant water sources for irrigation. Although flooding irrigation temporarily 73 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan increases irrigating water volume during the period of grain filling and heading, compared with the abundant irrigating water resource in the area, this volume is still quite small and has very little impact on agricultural irrigation in the region. The flooding irrigation of this project has positive impact on the environment. 5.3.1.2 Analysis on impacts of lime spreading The irrigation water in the project area is faintly acid. Spreading proper amount of lime can adjust the pH value of the water. The lime amount can be chosen scientifically according to the soil pH value and the soil texture. See Table 5-2 for the specific amount of the first year. The amount of the second year can be adjusted according to the change of the soil pH value. Usually, the amount of the second year is half of that of the first year. The spreading will be stopped in the third year and the amount of the fourth year is same as that of the second year. The rest can be done in the same manner. Table 5-2 Table of Lime Amount (Unit: kg/hectare) Soil texture/pH value ＜4.5 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 ＞6.5 Sandy soil 3,150 2,250 1,800 Not applied Loam 3,600 2,700 2,250 Not applied Clay 4,500 3,600 3,375 Not applied After the lime is applied, the heavy metal ionic concentration in the irrigation water is reduced and the pH value still meets the requirements in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). The applied lime is the joint product of quick lime (CaO content ＞ 70%) and limestone (CaO content ＞ 70%) as well as dolomite (CaO+MgO content >45%) etc. in the proportion of 1:3. The small percentage of the quick lime can effectively prevent the crops and people from being burned during the application. The soil in the project area is acidized in different levels and is faintly acid. The application of lime can reduce the acidity of the soil and improve the activity of the microorganism. Lime is the good material to neutralize acidic soil. It can boost the sedimentation of the ions such as cadmium and lead etc. in soil, restrain the activity of the heavy metals in soil and reduce the content of cadmium in rice. The application of lime can 74 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan improve the soil pH value and help with the activity of microorganisms (the microorganism likes the near-neutral soil environment). The lime applied to the farmland is the joint product of dry powders. The lime is spread with the spreader and by people. During the spreading, it is unavoidable to cause lime dust pollution to local ambient air, but the scope of impacts is small and the influencing time is short. It mainly has adverse effects on the lime spreading worker and has slight impacts on the surrounding residents. While the workers are spreading quick lime, they must be well protected. They must wear protection suits and respirator to guarantee safety. 5.3.1.3 Analysis on impacts of the application of soil amendment All the passivation amendment applied is the agricultural agent which is registered and allowed by the national agricultural department to be applied to the farmland. Therefore, it is guaranteed that it won’t cause new heavy metal pollution. Currently, the passivator materials used for the passivation amendment of farmland soil heavy metal pollution both at home and abroad mainly include: (1) clay minerals; (3) material containing phosphorus; (4) silicon-calcium materials; (5) metallic oxide such as ferric oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, goethite, manganese oxide and cryptomelane etc.; (6) organic materials; (7) industrial wastes etc. In the actual application to the farmland, avoid applying the industrial waste as the passivation amendment as far as possible to prevent the new secondary pollution or the damage of the structure and physicochemical property of the soil as well as the destruction of the environment, which has unpredictable adverse effects on the long-term environmental quality of the farmland. In terms of the current using effect, after the passivation amendment of the farmland soil heavy metal pollution, the available reduction rate of the heavy metals such as Cd and Pb etc. can reach 10%~30% and the available reduction rate of Ca, Pb etc. in the crops (rice and vegetables etc.) can reach 30%~70%. In combination with the agronomic regulation measures, the remediation efficiency can reach 90%. The passivation amendment stability of Cd and Pb etc. in common soil can be more than 3 years. In addition, under many 75 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan circumstances, as the amendment time is extended, the passivation amendment stability effect of heavy metals in soil becomes more obvious. The organic passivator helps restore the micro-ecological environment system in soil and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in soil so as to reduce the poison in the crops. During the farmland soil heavy metal pollution passivation amendment, a large amount of the applied passivator may have adverse effects on the soil environment quality. After the application of the passivator, attention should be paid to the stability of the passivator itself, the long-term stability of the heavy metals after passivation/ stabilization and the long-term impact of the passivator on the soil texture, physicochemical properties and environmental quality. In addition, conduct comprehensive tracking, monitoring and evaluation on the influence of the passivation amendment on the growth, output, and quality etc. of the crops. 5.3.1.4 Analysis on impacts of the application of organic fertilizer The organic fertilizer is rich in organic matters and the nutrient substances necessary to the growth of the crops. It can provide nutrients required by the growth of the crops, improve soil and the quality of the crops, increase the crop yield, boost the high and stable yield of the crops, maintain the fertility of soil, increase the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and reduce production costs. The full and reasonable use of the organic fertilizer can increase the crop yield; improve the fertility of the farmland, the quality of the agricultural products and the availability of the soil nutrients. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer and they can be categorized as follows: ①agricultural wastes, such as straws, bean pulp and cotton dregs etc.; ②excrements of livestock and poultries, such as excrements of chicken, cows, sheep and rabbit; ③industrial wastes, such as distillers’ soluble, vinegar residues, manioc wastes, sugar wastes and furfural residues etc.; ④domestic wastes like kitchen wastes etc.; ⑤municipal sludge, such as river sludge and sewer sludge etc. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer. The straws rich in heavy metals, the excrements of livestock and poultries eating fodders containing heavy metals and 76 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan municipal sludge etc. may bring the heavy metal element into the organic fertilizer. Once the organic fertilizer with excess heavy metals is applied to the farmland, the content of the heavy metal element in soil may increase, which will cause secondary pollution. Therefore, the heavy metal content of the applied organic fertilizer in the project area must be lower than that in the standards of Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012). If the excrements of livestock and poultries are used as the organic fertilizer, it is required that the heavy metal content of the fodder for the livestock and poultries should meet the Hygiene Specification for Fodder (GB13078-2001). For the excrements of livestock of the surrounding peasant households, the PMO should strengthen supervision. If the excrements from the breeding industry are not tested or tested to be overstandard, they can’t be applied to the farmland to prevent causing new heavy metal pollution. 5.3.1.5 Analysis on impacts of the application of fertilizer The application of fertilizer has a great influence on the heavy metal content in soil, especially the cadmium content. The application of phosphatic fertilizer contributes most to the cadmium content in soil. Related studies indicate that if the rice field cadmium input such as rains, dust, irrigation and pesticides etc. and the cadmium output such as the surface runoff and subsurface runoff etc., and the application of phosphatic fertilizer is the main source of the rice field cadmium input. The application of the only fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus can prevent the cadmium content in the rice grains from exceeding standards in a short time, but it increases the cadmium pollution risk in soil. The fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus must be used in coordination with the amendment like lime for rice production. Therefore, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to reduce the cadmium pollution of the fertilizer to the rice field soil. When the phosphatic fertilizer is used with the compound fertilizer, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to guarantee soil environment and food safety. 5.3.1.6 Analysis on impacts of the application of pesticides According to the data provided by Hengyang County Bureau of Agriculture, the 77 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan pesticides application frequency of Hengyang County is 3 times/quarter. In 2015, Hengyang County used 344.68t chemical pesticides and 32t biopesticides. The amount of the biopesticides took up 9.3% of the total amount of the pesticides. Through the on-the-spot investigation and the verification of Hengyang County Bureau of Agriculture, it is discovered that all the pesticides applied to the farmland in Hengyang County are the qualified pesticides which meet the national standards. These pesticides won’t cause the heavy metal pollution to the farmland. During the project implementation, the selection and application of the pesticides will be guided and supervised by the agricultural departments of Hengyang County, enabling the pesticides to be used scientifically and reasonably in the project area. The PMO entrusted Hunan Plant Protection Station to form the “Pest Management Plan (PMP)” which is based on the plant protection guideline of “Priority in Prevention, Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment”, enforces and practices the idea of “Public Plant Protection” and “Green Plant Protection”, summarizes and proposes the prevention and treatment method of common plant diseases and insect pests of the main crops related to the project, such as rice, corn, potato, orange, grape, vegetable, cotton, rape, tea, etc. Such prevention and treatment plan is to, under the precondition of protecting the ecological environment, stress the role of natural control, promote the control of plant diseases and insect pests through the method of agricultural, physical and biological prevention and control method, coordinate in the use of proper chemical prevention technological measures, reduce the reliance on agricultural chemicals, reduce the control of plant diseases and insect pests below the allowed level of economic loss, and obtain the optimal economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit. (1) Main methods recommended by pest management plan (PMP) ①Physical prevention and treatment method a. Use the phototaxis of pests to trap and kill pests. b. Use thermal energy, such as hot water treatment to kill the internal lurking pathogenic bacteria in seeds. c. Cut and burn the branches with plant diseases and insect pests. 78 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan d. Eliminate fallen fruits with plant diseases and insect pests in orange farm to reduce the over-winter amounts. ②Biological prevention and treatment method a. Protect and use natural enemy. b. Use biological agent and products. c. Create suitable environment for natural enemy and increase the quantity of natural enemy. ③Chemical prevention and treatment method a. Use the pesticide with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, the non-polluted pesticides recommended by this project are as follows in Table 5-3. b. Promote the application of spray additives that reduce quantity and increase effect of pesticide, so as to effectively reduce pesticide dose. c. In the insect source areas and occurring central areas with relatively high population density, timely use the highly-efficient and low-quantity pesticide to control at young stage of pests, ensure the every use of pesticide to reach the optimal effect, and strictly prohibit from using the pesticide with lethality to natural enemy at late stage of pest rampancy. d. Guarantee safe pesticide use intervals. e. Adopt safe pesticide application instruments and methods to enhance the pesticide use efficiency and pest prevention and treatment effect. f. Strengthen the promotion, education and training about safe and rational use of pesticides, strictly follow the regulations on use of pesticides, pay attention to safety, including the correct wearing of protective clothing, master the first aid general knowledge about pesticide poisoning, etc. g. Take care of the safe storage of agricultural chemicals (such as staying away from children and food, etc.) h. Properly handle pesticide wastes and packaging, avoid washing and cleaning pesticide application machinery in natural water. (2) List of recommended non-polluted pesticides 79 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 5-3 List of Recommended Non-polluted Pesticides Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Prothioconazole (10%, 20%, suspending agent) U 21 Isoprothiolane (40%, missible oil and wettable powder) Ⅲ 28 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, missible oil) U 21 Bacillus subtilis (over 100 billion PIB/g, wettable U 20 Rice blast powder) Oxime bacteria tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) Spring thunder Zinc thiazole (over 40%, suspending U 21 agent) Hexaconazole (10%, suspending agent and water U 28 dispersible granule) Tebuconazole (43%, suspending agent) U 21 Thifluzamide (over 24%, suspending agent) U 14 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, missible oil) U 21 Epoxiconazole (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 21 Banded Validamycin (over 20%, water soluble powder) U 14 sclerotial Valid bacillus cereus (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 14 blight Phenazino-1-carboxylic acid (over 1%, suspending U 14 agent) Benzyl – propiconazole (30%, water dispersible granule, Ⅲ 28 missible oil) Rice Oxime bacteria – tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) Epoxiconazole (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 20 Tebuconazole (43%, suspending agent) U 60 Propiconazole (25%, missible oil) U 28 Benzyl – propiconazole (30%, water dispersible granule, False smut Ⅲ 28 missible oil) Valid bacillus cereus (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 14 Oxime bacteria – tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) Pymetrozine (over 25%, suspending agent, wettable U 14 powder and water dispersible granule) Buprofezin (25%, suspending agent and wettable U 14 powder) Thiamethoxam (25%, water dispersible granule) U 28 Rice Imidacloprid (10%, 20%, wettable powder, water dispersible planthopper Ⅲ 21 granule, suspending agent, microemulsion, seed dressing) IPP (10%, suspending agent) U 20 Dinotefuran (over 25%, wettable powder) U 21 Pymetrozine – nitenpyram (over 80%, water dispersible U 30 granule) 80 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Chlorantraniliprole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 7 Fluorobenzene insect amide (over 20%, suspending U 14 agent) Tetrachloro insect amide (over 10%, suspending agent) U 30 Indoxacarb (over 15%, missible oil) U 28 Rice leaf Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 folder Agritol (over 8,000 IU/mg, wettable powder) Ⅲ 14 Methylamino abamectin benzoate (2%, water dispersible U 21 granule and microemulsion) Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 Metaflumizone (22%, suspending agent) U 21 Chlorantraniliprole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 7 Fluorobenzene insect amide (over 20%, suspending Chilo U 14 agent) suppressalis Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 Tetrachloro insect amide (over 10%, suspending agent) U 30 Pretilachlor (over 30%, including safener, missible oil, U - emulsion in water) Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Penoxsulam (over 2.5%, suspending agent) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10$, missible oil and emulsion in U - water) Direct seeding rice Benzyl mi pretilachlor (20%, wettable powder) U - Weeds field Metamifop (over 10%, missible oil and oil suspended U - agent) Promazine pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, suspending U - agent and oil suspended agent) Bentazone (45%, water aqua) Ⅲ - Bispyribac-sodium (over 10%, suspending agent and oil U - suspended agent) Butachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent and Ⅲ - emulsion in water) Pretilachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent U - and emulsion in water) Rice seedling Mefenacet (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent U - throwing and emulsion in water) Weeds (transplanting with Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - machinery) field Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10%, missible oil and emulsion U - in water) Bispyribac-sodium (over 10%, suspending agent and oil U - suspended agent) Transprogramted Butachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent and Weeds Ⅲ - rice fields emulsion in water) 81 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Pretilachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent U - and emulsion in water) Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10%, missible oil and emulsion U - in water) Mancozeb (over 80%, wettable powder) U 14 Copper calcium sulphate (77%, wettable powder) Ⅲ 32 Thiediazole copper (20%, suspending agent) U 14 Scab Chlorothalonil (over 75%, wettable powder) U 21 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, suspending agent) U 14 Difenoconazole (10%, water dispersible granule) U 28 Zinc thiazole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 21 Thiediazole copper (20%, suspending agent) U 14 Kocide SD (46%, wettable powder and water dispersible Canker Ⅲ 30 granule) Resin acid copper salt (20%, wettable powder) U 14 Copper calcium sulphate (77%, wettable powder) Ⅲ 32 Propineb (over 70%, wettable powder) U 21 Thiophanate-methyl (over 70%, wettable powder) U 21 Bromothalonil (25%, missible oil) Ⅲ 21 Anthracnose Prochloraz (20%, missible oil and emulsion in water) U 14 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, suspending agent) U 14 Chlorothalonil (over 75%, wettable powder) U 21 Orange Phomopsis Captan (over 80%, water dispersible granule) U 21 citri (sand Prochloraz (20%, missible oil and emulsion in water) U 14 skin disease) Mancozeb (over 80%, wettable powder) U 14 Big (small) 0.1% of abamectin bait concentrate U 14 trypetid Spirodiclofen (24%, suspending agent) U 30 Propargite (over 73%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Tetranychus Arvey Propargite (40%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 cinnbarinus Arvey pyridaben (10.5%, minor missible oil and missible Ⅲ 21 oil) Fenpyroximate (5%, missible oil) U 15 Phyllocoptrut Spirodiclofen (24%, suspending agent) U 30 a oleivora Arvey Propargite (40%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Buprofezin (25%, wettable powder) U 35 Scale insect Imidcloprid’s buprofezin (18%, suspending agent) U 35 type Engine oil (94%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Chlorbenzuron (over 25%, suspending agent) U 21 Leaf miner Diflubenzuron (25%, wettable powder) U 28 Chlorfluazuron (over 5%, missible oil) U 21 82 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Glyphosate (over 30%, water aqua, water soluble U - powder, water soluble granule) Orange orchard Weeds Glufosinate-ammonium (over 20%, water aqua) U - Flumioxazin (over 50%, wettable powder) U - Carbendazim (over 80%, wettable powder) U 41 Rape Stalk break Dimethachlon (40%, wettable powder) U 25 Prochloraz (25%, missible oil) U 21 Enhance stress Conditioning agent 0.136% of red benzopyrrole wettable powder U - resistance of crops 63% polyhydric alcohols nonionic surfactant U - Pest disease Auxiliaries Ethyoxyl modified trisiloxanes U - and weed Singular silicic acid U - (3) Plant diseases and insect pests monitoring and training program The monitoring work shall be implemented in the various townships and towns of implemented region by the agriculture technology extension service centers and project office on municipal and district (county) level along with the owner; once plant diseases and insect pests are found, it must be timely reported and handled. The dispatched personnel of WB shall timely help establishing proper monitoring system and sampling procedure, as well as provide training in the implementation and analysis aspects of monitoring system. For more details about the specific pest management of this project, please refer to the “Pest Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan”. 5.3.1.7 Analysis on impacts of agricultural wastes During the project implementation, a small quantity of agricultural wastes such as the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. will appear in the project area. If they are discarded at will and left in soil, the decomposition of soil humus and the air permeability and water permeability of the soil will be affected, resulting in damaged soil structures, low content of nutrient elements and lower water retention and fertilizer maintenance capacity. Therefore, the agricultural film and packing materials for 83 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the agricultural inputs etc. should be removed and recycled in time to prevent them from polluting the environment in the agricultural product production place. This project plans to set collection pool of agricultural material packaging wastes in every project area, and requires farmers to collect and temporarily store the used farming films and pesticide packaging, etc. Meanwhile, connect with the agricultural material packaging recycling station of Hengyang County to regularly transport the agricultural material wastes at the collection station to agricultural material packaging recycling station of Hengyang County, which shall collectively entrust qualified unit for treatment. Through the measures above, the agricultural material wastes of this project could be properly treated and have very little impact on the environment. 5.3.2 Mitigation Measures of Common Impact of Agricultural Activities on Environment For more details about the mitigation measures of common impact of agricultural activities on environment, please refer to the following appendix: Appendix 3 Agronomic Activity Environmental Protection Regulations ECOP 5.3.3 Analysis of Impact of Agricultural Activities on Certain Points and Mitigation Measures 5.3.3.1 Analysis of impact of removing straw from field and mitigation measures According to the related research conclusion by Chinese agricultural research institute, for the straws polluted by cadmium, the cadmium content is generally 1.5~10mg/kg, even if such straws are moved to orchard, the soil in such orchard will not exceed the Grade II soil standard within 100 years, and will not cause cadmium pollution of soil. Therefore, the rice straws removed from the fields in this project could be moved to orchard for absorption, and its impact on orchard soil is acceptable. The current scale of the plantation base of Hengzhou Honey Pomelo Specialized Cooperatives is 1,000 hectares 84 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 5.3.3.2 Control scheme of out-of-limit rice and impact analysis 1. Control scheme of out-of-limit rice in the project area of Hengyang County Prevention of out-of-limit rice in cadmium and other heavy metal from circulation in the field of grain circulation is one aspect of Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land. Based on the survey and research work at early stage of project, the control of out-of-limit rice in heavy metal is better implemented in form of participation by multiple parties and joint management through cooperation. Hengyang County Bureau of Agriculture (project implementing unit) has cooperated with grain-growing farmers in project area, High-quality Rice Industrial Association of Hengyang County, Hunan Jiaoshan Rice Co., Ltd. and Hunan Dingguyi Wine Industry respectively to jointly implement the control of possible out-of-limit rice in heavy metal risk in the same project area. The main methods include: The first thing is to ensure that all the rice in the project area is integrated into one window for convenience in collective monitoring and control. Hunan Jiaoshan Rice Industry Co., Ltd. (a large Chinese private grain purchasing and processing enterprise, located in Hengyang County, 3-20km away from the project area) and Hengyang High-quality Rice Industrial Association (having 239 members, distributed in 24 township and town-level grain-growing areas across the county, in which all the major grain-growing households and partial small farmers in the 3 project areas of Xidu, Taiyuan and Hongshi have joined this association) sign the directional rice production and purchasing agreement. The members of High-quality Rice Association shall, under the unified organization and management by the High-quality Rice Association, grow the bestselling high-quality rice varieties (low cadmium absorbing varieties, as well as the high-quality rice varieties with good rice quality and good taste) needed by Jiaoshan Rice Industry, the High-quality Rice Association shall be responsible for providing whole-process instruction and regulation on the rice production, harvesting, drying and transportation for members (including application of cadmium reduction technology, pest control service, early warning of risks in out-of-limit heavy metal or pesticide residue in 85 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan rice, etc.); during the period from July to November in every year, Jiaoshan Rice Industry shall open grain purchasing green channel for the members of High-quality Rice Association to solve the grain selling difficulty of members, as well as purchasing at extra price and timely settle payment according to agreement, so as to enhance the grain-growing benefits for members. In order to realize effective control of the rice in the entire program area, Hengyang County will adopt effective measures to enable all the major grain-growing farmers in the 3 program areas to, under the unified promotion by major grain-growing farmers, enjoy the equal high quality, high price and extra price treatment with the members of High-quality Rice Association, so as to ensure that the rice produced in the program areas are not easily flowing elsewhere but concentrated in one window. In order to reduce the risk of out-of-limit heavy metal and pesticide residue in rice in the program areas, while promoting the work of this program, the High-quality Rice Association of Hengyang County will simultaneously participate in the service instruction and supervision of program measures. The PMO of Hengyang County will, based on the work contribution and effect of High-quality Rice Association, give certain welfare service subsidy. In order to prevent out-of-limit rice in heavy metal and pesticide residue from mixing and entering the grain circulation field, after implementation, the project will comprehensively launch the risk control method of rice inspection before warehousing. For the rice in project areas, the County PMO will collectively organize sudden sampling and inspection five days prior to rice harvesting, and make efforts to obtain inspection results within five days since sampling. After obtaining inspection results, the County PMOe will issue a negative list about the sample area and owner (member name) and other detailed information of the rice with out-of-limit heavy metal risks. At purchasing of rice, Jiaoshan Rice Industry will implement fast heavy metal inspection (if technically allowed and possible) and fast pesticide residue inspection again, the enterprise will, based on the negative list and its own fast inspection results, store the risky rice in special warehouse (after project implementation, for the already occurred out-of-limit rice risks, the enterprise 86 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan must bear the responsibilities and obligations of identification and special warehousing according to order production agreement; the farmers providing grains must bear the loss from being not able to enjoy the purchasing with extra price for high quality based on the order production agreement). In order to reduce the loss from purchasing rice with out-of-limit cadmium to the minimum, the County PMO and Hunan Dingguyi Wine Industry shall sign the “Agreement on Handling of Rice with Out-of-limit Cadmium”. So as to solve the use of rice (change direct eating into production of alcohol) and loss issues. The County PMO or Agricultural Industrialization Program may, based on the quantity of rice accepted by wine industry company and referring to the price of rice purchased by enterprise for wine production, give proper subsidy. Meanwhile, after using the rice with out-of-limit cadmium to produce wine, the wine industry company shall inspect the cadmium and other heavy metal in the wine and distillers’ grains, and implement burying and burying treatment on the distillers’ grains with high cadmium content, meanwhile, research better distillers’ grains treatment measures. Hengyang County PMO shall give proper subsidy in form of technical aid for the related inspection expenses and distillers’ grains treatment method researching expenses of the wine industry company on the products and its accessories. During the project implementing period, and in a series of activities such as farmer training and technical instruction, the responsibilities and obligations of the grain production entities must always be stressed. There are certain requirements for enterprise to increase price and purchase the directional grains produced in the program areas through the green channel, meeting the standard in the inspected value of cadmium and other heavy metal and pesticide residue in the rice is one of the precondition. Therefore, grain production entities shall actively adopt the various measures to prevent out-of-limit content of cadmium and other heavy metals, and make efforts to avoid generation of “out -of-limit rice”. Once any “out-of-limit rice” is generated, for whatever reason, it will no longer enjoy the treatment of purchasing at high price for high quality, but only stored by designated enterprise in special warehouse at government protection price or market price. Though long period of ideological education and gradual formation of measures and habits, 87 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan enable the grain-growing entities to actively accept and respond to prevention and control mechanism of “out-of-limit rice”. 2. Environmental impact of the control of out-of-limit rice Regarding the out-of-limit rice with cadmium content ＞0.2mg/kg, the PMO and Hunan Dingguyi Wine Industry Co., Ltd. shall sign the purchasing and sales contract to use it as wine stock; the cadmium in rice will mainly concentrate in the byproduct distillers’ grains. Currently, the out-of-limit times of out-of-limit rice is relatively low, and doesn’t exceed the foreign standard, and the content in distillers’ grains is also relatively low. After adopting the measures above, its environmental impact will be acceptable. It is required to monitor such type of distillers’ grains, and the monitoring indicators are Cd, Pb, As, Cr and Hg; for more details, please refer to the Chapter of “Environmental Monitoring Plan”. Those meeting the “Feed Sanitation Standard” (GB 13078-2001) in monitoring shall be used for feed, and those failing to meet such standard shall be transported to Hengyang County Lida Refuse Landfill for sanitary landfill. Hengyang County Lida Refuse Landfill has implemented anticorrosion and anti-seepage treatment, so it meets the construction standard and requirements of garbage dump. This garbage dump occupies 236.47 mus of land, the garbage treatment scale is 300t/day and the usable term is 30 years. The distillers’ grains generated from the out-of-limit rice in this program are very few, and the content of other heavy metal is also very low, so it will have very little impact on Hengyang County Lida Refuse Landfill. By adopting the measures above, the out-of-limit rice in the program areas can be controlled and utilized, and its byproducts could be properly treated, so as to have little impact on the environment. 5.3.3.3 Impact analysis of laboratory construction and mitigation measures In order to further promote the self-inspection ability of cadmium and other heavy metals in soil and rice, and quickly implement prior identification, differentiation and 88 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan separation between safe rice and risky rice, this project plans to renovate Hengyang County Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Test Station, so as to enhance its inspection and test ability. Such station is the legal quality inspection institution of agricultural products in Hengyang County; so far, it has imported over 60 units (sets) of instruments and equipment, such as gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, atomic absorbing instrument, etc., and already has certain inspection and test ability on agricultural products, agricultural inputting materials and agricultural environment. The renovation contents of this project on Hengyang County Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Test Station include: providing complete and necessary instruments and equipment and personnel training, so as to enhance the inspecting, testing and monitoring ability on heavy metals like arsenic and chromic in soil and rice. The chemical analysis process of this laboratory may generate liquid waste and solid waste, the laboratory shall treat the liquid waste and solid waste generated from inspection process according to national management standards, the generation volume of liquid waste and solid waste will be very small, and will all sent to Hengyang Hazardous Waste Handling Center for safe handling, so as to have very little impact on the environment. 89 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme 6.1 Alternative solution analysis ESIA has conducted comparative analysis of with and without project, mainly from the perspective of environmental profit and loss, and social economy. See table 4-1 for details. Table 6-1 Comparison and Selection of With and Without Project Category Plan for implementation of the project Plan without the project  The project construction meets the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Hunan Province.  Lower contents of heavy metals in agricultural products to safeguard the health of  Maintain environmental status, Main farmers and consumers. without environmental impacts caused Advantages  Facilitate sales of agricultural products, by project construction, liming, and and safeguard the vital interests of farmers. other agricultural activities.  Significant to ensure the safety of national agricultural products, maintain social stability, improve ecological environment, and promote sustainable development of regional agricultural economy. 90 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan  The dust from project construction, wastes after foundation excavation and backfilling, and  It harms people's health to eat the silt from mountain pond dredging, have agricultural products with heavy metal short-term bad impacts on environment, but exceeding standard for a long time, such impacts can be avoided and mitigated with and it may cause diseases of skin, the corresponding measures for environmental nervous system, kidney, and blood protection. Besides, they have few and system. temporary impacts during construction period.  Bring serious challenges to grain  Liming may cause changes in soil production safety, and seriously structure, physical and chemical properties, threaten the agricultural sustainable Main what's worse, improper liming may influence development. Disadvantages operator's health. But such impacts may be  It is hard to sell the grain polluted mitigated by determining the application by heavy metals, thus affecting amount of lime based on different texture and farmer's income. pH, selecting special agricultural lime,  With too many labors are out spreading lime by professionals or lime working, the poor always farming in a spreader and other measures. traditional way and found themselves  Farmers may not be used to the new in a poor circle, and lack of experience farming skills in a short time. on controlling the heavy metal  Planting structure has changed which may contaminate d land. affect their income Comprehensive Project construction scheme is better than zero scheme Analysis Farmland in Hunan Province has been polluted by heavy metal in different degrees, soil environment quality and its safety performance have been decreased, directly threatening the quality safety of agricultural products, and harming health of the masses. Although the without project proposal has no environmental impacts caused by agricultural activities, such as small civil construction and liming, the agricultural products of Hunan Province are still and will continue to be polluted by heavy metals. The agricultural products eaten by common people still have heavy metals in excess of the standards, harming their health. Sales of the agricultural products polluted by heavy 91 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan metal are still affected, influencing the immediate interests of farmers. Project construction scheme will bring certain environmental impacts, but such impacts can be avoided or mitigated by corresponding environmental protection measures. The impact on construction period is small and temporary, and implementation of the Project can improve food safety and people's living standard, and bring long-term social and environmental benefits. Therefore, project construction scheme is obviously better than zero scheme and project construction is quite necessary. 6.2 Comparison and selection of project area 6.2.1 Principles of project area selection 1. Principle of concentration Follow the principle of concentration, unified planning, reasonable layout and implementation of whole village (area), to obtain satisfactory scale benefits. Give appropriate priority to grain-producing areas. 2. Principle of clear and controllable pollution source Causes and pollutant sources of heavy metal pollution and other pollution in the farmland soil should be clear; types and degrees of pollution should be correct; the main pollution source should be controllable or cutoff. 3. Principle of regional representativeness The main farmland type of the project area should be paddy field, the main pollution type heavy metal pollution, and the main heavy metal pollution Cd pollution. 4. Principle of typicality The project area should be typical, and the project implementation should have large investment benefits, impacts, and demonstration effects. 5. Principle of sustainability It’s necessary to conduct infrastructure construction and adopt comprehensive 92 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan agricultural measures in the project area, so as to alleviate heavy metal pollution, control agricultural non-point source pollution, increase yield and efficiency, and realize sustainable agricultural, economic and social development in the project area. 6. Principle of stability The local government should lay large emphasis on the project; the personnel allocation should be reasonable; the project units (farmers or enterprises) should be active. 6.2.2 Selection of project towns and townships Hengyang County contains 17 towns and 8 townships, i.e., Xidu Town, Xianshan Town, Sanhu Town, Jingtou Town, Guanshi Town, Taiyuan Town, Qulan Town, Shanqiao Town, Jinlan Town, Jinxi Town, Hongshi Town, Jiepai Town, Jibing Town, Zhajiang Township, Yanpo Township, Kuzongqiao Town, Shishi Town, Da’an Township, Chang’an Township, Lanlong Township, Goulou Township, Xijiang Township, Zhangmu Township, Zhangshu Township, and Banshi Township. Selection of project towns and villages: see Table 6-2. 93 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 6-2 Selection of Project Towns Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Emphasis area Farmland area indexes farmland scope agricultural products Grain indexes Regional location of town (located on the Proportio Current and village line of Zhengshui Farmla Number n in total situation of Name of Proportio Polluted Standa governmen If River or nd risk Number of rice yield Main pollution source and pollution towns and not)/using Area n in area Proporti of exceeding rd-exce Rice ts, and the select (hectare) and risk eding of the pollution pathway source townships Zhengshui River (hectare) territorial (hectare on samples standard yield (t) public ed type proport whole manageme as irrigation water area ) (pcs) (pcs) participati ion county nt source or not on (%) willingness Illegal enterprises in the Private mining of vanadium and gold in Zhengshui the upstream of Zhengshui River as well River basin as the waste water and residues resulting have been Large from the small workshops on the two closed, and it emphasis; Cd banks of the river before 2010 polluted the can be known existing Xidu Town 15273.86 Yes/Yes 5315.33 34.80 5180.85 97.47 pollution 39 39 100.0 55932 8.94 √ Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by using from the VIP pilot risk the Zhengshui River water led to the current projects; pollution to the farmlands on both banks monitoring active of the river in this town due to the data that the irrigation water source. water quality in Zhengshui River has met the standard. Cd Hengyang Taiyuan Non-ferrous metal Large Products Co., Ltd and several small-sized Totally Jibing Town 6862.98 No/No 2177.18 31.72 1335.92 61.36 pollution 17215 2.75 ceramics factories produce and discharge closed emphasis; risk waste water and residues. active Cd Several small-sized ceramics factories in Large Shanqiao Totally Town 7100.67 No/No 1527.17 21.51 763.59 50 pollution 14020 2.24 the area produce and discharge waste closed emphasis; risk water and residues. active Part of enterprises Cd have been Large The random mining and digging of iron closed, and Jingtou Town 15518.44 No/No 3478.37 22.41 948.55 27.27 pollution 22234 3.55 ore and granite in this area in the history part of emphasis; risk led to pollution. active enterprises discharge at standard level Cd Large Yanpo The random mining and digging of gold in Partially Township 8746.58 No/No 3025.94 34.60 1815.56 60 pollution 5 5 100.0 25841 4.13 the history lead to pollution. closed emphasis; risk active Part of enterprises Cd have been Large The random mining and digging of gold in closed, and Jinlan Town 16483.65 No/No 4082.94 24.77 2895.21 70.91 pollution 12 3 25.00 38034 6.08 the history lead to pollution. part of emphasis; risk enterprises active discharge at standard level Small-sized illegal vanadium smelting Vanadium Large Cd point with indigenous method in the smelting emphasis; history produced and discharged waste points with Hongshi Town 11299.46 Yes/Yes 2924.74 25.88 2638.99 90.23 pollution 57 50 87.72 27303 4.36 existing √ water and residues, and sewage irrigation indigenous risk water from the Zhengshui River also method have VIP pilot caused to pollution. been totally projects; 94 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Emphasis area Farmland area indexes farmland scope agricultural products Grain indexes Regional location of town (located on the Proportio Current and village line of Zhengshui Farmla Number n in total situation of Name of Proportio Polluted Standa governmen If River or nd risk Number of rice yield Main pollution source and pollution towns and not)/using Area n in area Proporti of exceeding rd-exce Rice ts, and the select (hectare) and risk eding of the pollution pathway source townships Zhengshui River (hectare) territorial (hectare on samples standard yield (t) public ed type proport whole manageme as irrigation water area ) (pcs) (pcs) participati ion county nt source or not on (%) willingness closed, and active 强 the water quality in Zhengshui River has met the standard. Illegal enterprises in the Private mining of vanadium and gold in Zhengshui the upstream of Zhengshui River as well River basin as the waste water and residues resulting have been Cd from the small workshops on the two closed, and it Not large banks of the river before 2010 polluted the can be known Qulan Town 11789.71 Yes/Yes 2835.75 24.05 1531.31 54 pollution 24876 3.98 Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by using from the emphasis; risk the Zhengshui River water led to the current not active pollution of the farmlands on both banks monitoring of the river in this town due to the data that the irrigation water source. water quality in Zhengshui River has met the standard. Rural clean Cd There is no enterprise which production Not large Jinxi Town 11243.08 No/No 1793.1 15.95 757.05 42.22 pollution 8 0 0.00 13466 2.15 produces heavy metal pollution; project has emphasis; risk pollution source: agricultural inputs been not active implemented Cd Paddy field pollution is related with the Not large local mining of petuntse in the open air, Totally Jiepai Town 9894.43 No/No 1328.64 13.43 569.46 42.86 pollution 11122 1.78 and dust rising and leachate will be formed closed emphasis; risk after wind and rain to pollute the farmland. not active Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal upstream of Zhengshui River as well as enterprises in the waste water and residues resulting the from the small workshops on the two Zhengshui banks of the river before 2010 polluted the River basin Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by using have been Cd the Zhengshui River water led to the closed, and it Not large Zhajiang pollution of the farmlands on both banks can be known Township 14044.12 Yes/Yes 4856.25 34.58 4912.86 89.53 pollution 6 0 0.00 42266 6.76 of the river in this town due to the from the emphasis; risk irrigation water source. At present, all current not active these workshops have been closed or monitoring required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui River has met the standard. Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal Cd upstream of Zhengshui River as well as enterprises in Not large Sanhu Town 11255.88 Yes/Yes 3210.9 28.53 1261.88 39.30 pollution 29607 4.73 the waste water and residues resulting the emphasis; risk from the small workshops on the two Zhengshui not active banks of the river before 2010 polluted the River basin 95 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Emphasis area Farmland area indexes farmland scope agricultural products Grain indexes Regional location of town (located on the Proportio Current and village line of Zhengshui Farmla Number n in total situation of Name of Proportio Polluted Standa governmen If River or nd risk Number of rice yield Main pollution source and pollution towns and not)/using Area n in area Proporti of exceeding rd-exce Rice ts, and the select (hectare) and risk eding of the pollution pathway source townships Zhengshui River (hectare) territorial (hectare on samples standard yield (t) public ed type proport whole manageme as irrigation water area ) (pcs) (pcs) participati ion county nt source or not on (%) willingness Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by using have been the Zhengshui River water led to the closed, and it pollution to the farmlands on both banks can be known of the river in this town due to the from the irrigation water source. At present, all current these workshops have been closed or monitoring required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui River has met the standard. Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal upstream of Zhengshui River as well as enterprises in the waste water and residues resulting the from the small workshops on the two Zhengshui banks of the river before 2010 polluted the River basin Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by using have been Large the Zhengshui River water led to the closed, and it emphasis; Cd pollution of the farmlands on both banks can be known existing Taiyuan Town 11894.59 Yes/Yes 4836.01 40.66% 3143.41 65 pollution 50 50 100.0 40762 6.51 √ of the river in this town due to the from the VIP pilot risk irrigation water source. At present, all current projects; these workshops have been closed or monitoring active required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui River has met the standard. Part of enterprises Cd have been Not large There are several small-sized iron ores in closed, and Guanshi Town 9074.32 No/No 2622.08 28.90 932.41 35.56 pollution 6 3 50.00 19627 3.14 the town, and the pollution source is the part of emphasis; risk discharge of “three wastes” from iron ore. not active enterprises discharge at standard level Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Kuzongqiao Town 9973.21 No/No 2633.7 26.41 1580.22 60 pollution 1 0 0.00 23281 3.72 produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; risk pollution source: agricultural inputs implemente not active d. Cd There are several small-sized iron ores in Not large Xianshan Town 15661.39 No/No 5099.49 32.56 4686.43 91.90 pollution 7 2 28.57 45651 7.30 the town, and the pollution source is the Closed emphasis; risk discharge of “three wastes” from iron ore. not active Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Shishi Town 14516.32 No/No 3504.78 24.14 2453.35 70 pollution 2 1 50.00 29729 4.75 produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; risk pollution source: agricultural inputs implemente not active d. 96 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Emphasis area Farmland area indexes farmland scope agricultural products Grain indexes Regional location of town (located on the Proportio Current and village line of Zhengshui Farmla Number n in total situation of Name of Proportio Polluted Standa governmen If River or nd risk Number of rice yield Main pollution source and pollution towns and not)/using Area n in area Proporti of exceeding rd-exce Rice ts, and the select (hectare) and risk eding of the pollution pathway source townships Zhengshui River (hectare) territorial (hectare on samples standard yield (t) public ed type proport whole manageme as irrigation water area ) (pcs) (pcs) participati ion county nt source or not on (%) willingness Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Zhangmu 9903.29 No/No 1922.34 19.41 1537.87 80 pollution 4 0 0.00 16568 2.65 produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs risk implemente not active d. Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Goulou 12024.14 No/No 1588.38 13.21 857.73 54 pollution 11835 1.89 produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs risk implemente not active d. Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Lanlong 5134.68 No/No 1729.29 33.68 1296.97 75 pollution 8 3 37.50 15038 2.40 produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs risk implemente not active d. Private mining of vanadium in the Illegal upstream of Zhengshui River as well as enterprises in the waste water and residues resulting the from the small workshops on the two Zhengshui banks of the river before 2010 polluted the River basin Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by using have been Cd the Zhengshui River water led to the closed, and it Not large Da’an pollution of the farmlands on both banks can be known Township 7905.54 Yes/Yes 2452.15 31.02 1554.91 63.41 pollution 21282 3.40 of the river in this town due to the from the emphasis; risk irrigation water source. At present, all current not active these workshops have been closed or monitoring required to discharge at standard level. data that the water quality in Zhengshui River has met the standard. Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Xijiang 8422.07 No/No 2485.51 29.51 1188.07 47.80 pollution 6 1 16.67 17650 2.82 produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; Township pollution source: agricultural inputs risk implemente not active d. Village Cd There is no enterprise which cleaning Not large Chang’an Township 3894.51 Yes/No 1505.74 38.66 1204.59 80 pollution 5 0 0.00 12352 1.97 produces heavy metal pollution; project is emphasis; risk pollution source: agricultural inputs implemente not active d. Cd Paddy field pollution is related with the Not large Banshi local mining of petuntse in the open air, Township 2749 No/No 1097.88 39.94 953.4 86.84 pollution 14 9 64.29 10871 1.74 and dust rising and leachate will be formed Closed emphasis; risk after wind and rain to pollute the farmland. not active Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town are located along the Zhengshui River and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River, and the main reason of pollution is the pollution of irrigation water due to the industrial and mining enterprises in the history. After treatment, the water quality of Zhengshui River meets the standard. 97 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Territorial Indicator of polluted Standard-exceeding indicator of Emphasis area Farmland area indexes farmland scope agricultural products Grain indexes Regional location of town (located on the Proportio Current and village line of Zhengshui Farmla Number n in total situation of Name of Proportio Polluted Standa governmen If River or nd risk Number of rice yield Main pollution source and pollution towns and not)/using Area n in area Proporti and risk of exceeding rd-exce Rice ts, and the select (hectare) eding of the pollution pathway source townships Zhengshui River (hectare) territorial (hectare on samples standard yield (t) public ed type proport whole manageme as irrigation water area ) (pcs) (pcs) participati ion county nt source or not on (%) willingness The proportion of cultivated land area in Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town has higher than the average value 28.21% of the whole county. These three towns are the main grain production areas of the county, with the grain yield higher the average value 3.70% of the whole county. Agricultural products commonly have the standard-exceeding phenomenon after monitoring of samples. Farmlands in Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town are concentrated and continuous, and the there is a large range of polluted farmlands, so the treatment mode can be popularized easily. Therefore, after taking full account of the selection principle for the project towns, Taiyuan Town, Hongshi Town and Xidu Town are selected as the project towns. 98 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 6.3 Selection of Project Area In accordance with the project feasibility study report, the pollution type and degree of cultivated land as well as the diversity of factors such as soil PH value, organic content, soil texture, local farmers’ planting mode and commonly used cultivation varieties, 15 villages are selected from the 3 towns to be used as the pilot fields of this project after field investigation of the project towns. These fields can represent the cultivated lands in the whole county under different environmental conditions. Collect the data of these pilot fields, take different reclamation measures (single treatment of comprehensive treatment) and conduct assessment & analysis in accordance with the monitoring results of agricultural products (rice), so as to finally realize the comprehensive management of the polluted farmlands in the whole county. See Table 6-3. 99 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 6-3 Analysis of Project Site Selection Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Taiyuan Town Hongshi Town Xidu Town Hongshi, Yutian, Gaolu, Qingmu, Meihua, Jiushi, Taijiu, Changqing Project village Qingjiang, Daoshan and Douling, Xianzhong, and and Hengxing Village Regional representativeness Shimen Village Shuangqiao Village Area (hectare) 445.59 529.5 397.25 Concentrated 353.0 457.38 297.0 area (hectare) Type of main Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field farmland Grain yield 2327 2561 3802 (tons/mu) Private mining of vanadium Private mining of vanadium and gold in the upstream of 2 Private mining of vanadium and gold in the upstream of and gold in the upstream of Zhengshui River as well as Zhengshui River as well as Zhengshui River as well as the waste water and residues the waste water and residues the waste water and residues resulting from the small resulting from the small resulting from the small workshops on the two banks workshops on the two banks workshops on the two banks of the river before 2010 of the river before 2010 of the river before 2010 Pollution source polluted the Zhengshui River, polluted the Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by polluted the Zhengshui River, so the irrigation by using the so the irrigation by using the using the Zhengshui River Zhengshui River water led to Zhengshui River water led to water led to the pollution to the pollution of the farmlands the pollution to the farmlands the farmlands on both banks Clear and controllable pollution source on both banks of the river in on both banks of the river in of the river in this town due this town due to the irrigation this town due to the irrigation to the irrigation water water source. water source. source. After treatment, water After treatment, water After treatment, water If main quality of irrigation quality of irrigation water quality of irrigation water pollution source water originating from originating from originating from is controllable Zhengshui reaches Zhengshui reaches Zhengshui reaches or causes new standards, and there is standards, and there is no standards, and there is no pollution to no heavy metal heavy metal pollution heavy metal pollution downstream pollution enterprise in enterprise in the project enterprise in the project farmland the project area and area and surroundings area and surroundings surroundings Tailing pond, or safety evaluation on No No No tailing pond or not Water quality Irrigation water is from Irrigation water is from Irrigation water is from conditions of the Zhengshui River; the Zhengshui River; the Zhengshui River; irrigation water Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of (including irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches upstream standards. standards. standards. sediment) Scope of pH 5.75-6.26 5.5-6.3 5.37-6.26 pollution Type of value heavy metal Contents of Cd pollution: 0.12-0.44; Cd pollution:0.27-1.4; Cd pollution: 0.21-0.45; main heavy some combined Cd and some combined Cd and some combined Cd and metal pollution Hg pollution As pollution As pollution 100 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Taiyuan Town Hongshi Town Xidu Town factors (mg/kg) Excessive Cd content: Excessive Cd content: Excessive Cd content: Content of 0.204-0.485; contents of 0.204-0.485; contents of 0.204-.485; contents of heavy metal in Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not Pb, As, Cr and Hg do Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not rice (mg/kg) exceed the standard not exceed the standard exceed the standard values. values. values. If it is included participation willingness in related local No No No planning Emphasis and If local soil heavy metal pollution No No No treatment is conducted Public Very active Very active Very active willingness Rate of no Infrastructure and infrastructure construction 12% 12% 12% investment and mismatching Investment per hectare (RMB 6.3 4.74 4.34 10,000 yuan) Conclusion It is included in Yes Yes Yes the project area 101 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 7 Analysis of social impact 7.1 Analysis of social impact The Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hunan Province with World Bank Loan involves 16 counties (cities) and has wide social impacts. Each implementation link is connected closely and all linked with one another. The smooth implementation of the project is largely determined by the participation willingness and attitude of the project implementation subject (peasant household). To serve the optimization design of the whole project and its effective implementation, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province entrusts Hunan Normal University’ Sociology Research Institute to work out the social impact assessment report. According to the safeguard policies of the World Bank, the social impact assessment and analysis should be conducted in combination with social assessment. 7.1.1 Positive impact Within a short period of time, the project is expected to bring the following positive impact: (1)Launching project propaganda to enhance stakeholders’ awareness of producing safe products. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Stakeholders in the slightly polluted area are not fully aware of causes of heavy metal pollution in the farmland and possible negative effect. The project propaganda and training are organized to improve the stakeholder’s awareness of governance urgency. (2) Organizing project training to improve farmer’s skills of producing safe products. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Heavy metal pollution of agricultural products is associated with the farmer’s agricultural skills. The agricultural skills and technologies are optimized to reduce heavy metal pollution against the agricultural products. Therefore, the project aims to organize training program for the farmers and thus upgrade the safe product production skills. (3)Encouraging the public to participate in the project and reaching a common consensus in the governance of heavy metal pollution of farmland. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The stakeholders have certain disputes over the governance necessity and methods. The project encourages the public to participate in 102 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the project and reach common consensus in the governance of heavy metal pollution of farmland. (4)Improving the infrastructure construction to create favorable conditions for agricultural production. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The farmers are eager to improve the backward infrastructure facilities such as irrigation facilities. Every time social evaluation team reaches a project village, the local residents reflect poor infrastructure facilities, especially road and water; the rural infrastructure facilities in the project area suffer from inadequate input and lack effective investment and management which seriously hinder the agricultural production and sustainable development in rural area. The project aims to implement clean water irrigation, channel modification and machinery farming road maintenance projects and create favorable conditions for agricultural production. (5)Executing environmental management and agricultural environment surveillance to provide technical support for agricultural product quality management. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Agricultural products and soil surveillance facilities are inadequate in the project area; therefore, the governmental department and farmers are not fully aware of the degree of heavy metal polluted agricultural products. The project aims to execute environmental management and agricultural environmental surveillance so as to provide technical support for the quality management of agricultural products. (6)Establishing rural cooperative to improve farmer’s risk resistance capability and product competitiveness. The long-term backward and poverty-stricken status of the project area renders numerous farmers constantly know about the situation: Distributed pattern will make them live by sales of elementary agricultural products; the products suffer from low added value, low production efficiency and market connection difficulty. The farmers have to sell agricultural products through local or non-local buyers; the products ultimately reach the companies; the farmers can only get the price of elementary agricultural products; the added value of products is produced after deep processing. Therefore, the farmers become aware of and are eager to cooperate with rural cooperative and large households, enhance the market competitiveness, and lengthen the industrial chain so as to increase the product price. The project aims to establish rural cooperative and thus improve the risk resistance capability and product competitiveness. (7)Generating considerable economic benefits. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The heavy metal pollution governance of farmland has 103 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan affected the agricultural production and farmer’s income to a certain degree. The project governance measures can yield considerable economic benefits mainly in the following four aspects: (1) Raise the sales price of agricultural products. The project adopts related measurers to produce eligible agricultural products and thus raise the price of agricultural products. For instance, some slightly polluted areas in Hengyang have made test of VIP governance measures; Cadmium content in the paddy and grain is controlled effectively and paddy and grain price can be increased from RMB 250 Yuan/kg to RMB 320 Yuan/kg. (2) Reduce the cost of agricultural production. The rural cooperative organization is supported and cultivated to reduce agricultural capital cost by about 30%. (3) Improve the land use efficiency. The land use efficiency is rather high in the rural cooperative. The rural cooperative is established to improve the land use efficiency. (4) Upgrade the added value of agricultural products. The project team cultivates the rural cooperative and establishes surveillance facilities, provides organization and technical support for the agricultural industrialized development and brings benefits to upgrade the added value of agricultural products. (8)The project yields obvious social benefits. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Numerous people go to non-local areas for working; the poverty-stricken households focus on the traditional agricultural business and planting model and are plunged into the poverty circulation; the heavy metal pollution governance of farmland lacks related experience. The project is able to effectively settle the said problems; produce obvious social benefits, mainly in the following aspects: 1) Bring benefits to the backflow of migrant workers. The project creates employment opportunities and working posts for migrant workers; in particular, it creates more employment opportunities for women. The investigation discovers: above 70% of total labor in the rural cooperative is women. 2) Bring benefits to poverty relief and wealth accumulation. The poverty-stricken households are mainly restricted to the information, technology and fund which lead to poverty circulation. The project team offers support to the poverty-stricken households in the respect of information, technology and fund and brings benefits to poverty relief. 3) Bring benefits to the formation of farmland pollution governance model. Currently, the farmland pollution governance lacks related experience and model. The project is able to explore into effective and practical technical and management model in the project area and produce a demonstration effect for the heavy metal pollution governance in other areas. 104 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 7.1.2 Negative impact (1) In the project execution, it is expected to shift the agricultural production structure; some land may change the planting model which will affect the income of some farmers for a short period of time. (2) In the project construction, the dust, noise, rubbish and sludge’s temporary stacking will have interim negative impact on the cleanliness and tidiness of project area and have a temporary and negative impact on the daily life and production of local residents in the project area. 7.1.3 Brief summary of social impacts In general, the Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land has positive impacts on the society. It can improve the soil in the project area, increase the yield of the agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition and the ecological environment of the project area, fuel the social and economic development in the project area and improve the quality of the farmers and the comprehensive service level of agriculture. In addition, it is beneficial to the agricultural technology transfer and can improve the awareness to the agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention. The main negative social impacts are the transfer of the agricultural production structure that may happen, the requisition of some lands and the interest demands. The negative social impacts can almost be removed if reasonable and legal land requisition and proper compensation are realized. 7.2 Analysis of social risks 7.2.1 Involuntary resettlement In the existing project area: Prohibited planting variety is not formulated. 1st batch of three counties has a total governance area of 2,299.2 hectares, including 2,100.93 hectares of slight pollution (1＜Pi≤3) which takes up 91.38% of total governance area; 149.27 hectares of moderate pollution (3＜Pi≤5) which take up 6.49% of total governance area; 49 hectares of severe pollution (Pi>5) which take up 2.13% of total governance area. In the farmland governance, “VIP” and organic fertilizer or green manure (F) is adopted with a total area of 2,250.2 hectares; the modified project has a total area of 49 hectares, including 105 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 15 hectares of sorghum, 21 hectares of flowers and seedling trees and 13 hectares of orange candy. The project activities do not require land requisition; all the civil works are organized in the village; the villagers adopt the built facilities. The modified land is uncertain in the specific households before evaluation of project. The following measures are mainly adopted in the project area: land repair; in some moderately or severely polluted areas, the planting model is changed; therefore, the prohibited planting variety does not exist in the project area. In the modified planting of sorghum and orange candy, the fruit farmers may not have as much income as that before project intervention. Secondly, land requisition is not involved. The project measures include two aspects: (1) Modifying the irrigation channel or water ditch. The original water channel is consolidated and repaired. (2) Newly built machinery or electric irrigation station, maintaining needed land within the project village and refusing to change the property of collective property. The project is not involved in the land requisition and demolition; however, it may be involved in a small amount of reduced income in the modified planting farmers for a short period of time. Since it is difficult to confirm the affected farmers in this stage and rest 13 project villages are not confirmed, resettlement policy framework is prepared for the candidate subitem according to OP 4.12 policies of the World Bank in order to instruct possible involuntary resettlement, including reasonable subsidy standard and methods for reduced income of farmers for a short period of time. 7.2.2 Living risks of farmers Changes in the farmland products will bring about certain risks. In the project execution, the farmland product changes include three types: reserve the original planting habits; change planting variety of farmland; adjust the farming system. The original planting habits are reserved and land is repaired-They will bring about four types of social risks: 1) Reducing net benefits. Since the existing land repair work requires for more cost of raw materials, labor, water and electricity, the net benefits will be reduced if cost can not be reflected in the price or compensated in a reasonable manner; ultimately, the local residents will resist against the repair work. 2) Market sales risks. If low-cadmium accumulative products are planted, the original sales channel and methods will be changed. Therefore, the new products may encounter the risks of new sales channel and methods. 3) Poor food quality risk. In the governance, the ineligible grain can not enter into the food chain-instead, it can be only adopted as biological raw materials. The price of grain as industrial raw materials is lower than the normal grain by 1/3. 4) Reduction risk of 106 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan production volume. The drowning water irrigation measures and low-cadmium products will increase the paddy disease risks and reduce the production volume. The adjustment of cropping system may bring forth risks of net income reduction. The alteration of planting pattern is possible to increase labor input and net income will decline if such input has not been compensated reasonably. Table 7-1 Potential social risks of change in agricultural technologies Change in agricultural technology Potential social risks Maintain existing planting habits: Select and 1. Reduce net profits plant low-cadmium accumulative products 2. Market sales risk based on the existing types (V), irrigate 3. Poor quality risk of agricultural products with clean water (I), spray lime (P), adopt 4. Reduce production volume leaf inhibitor and control agent (Si) and spray soil adjustment agent (bacteria). Change farmland planting system: Change 1. The subsidy standard is lower than the farmer’s expected to plant cotton, vegetable and fruit tree subsidy (grapefruit) 2. Market sales risk Adjust farming system (planting model): 1. Reduce net benefits Change to plant double-season rice in the “rice- rice-green fertilizer” model, change to plant one-season rice in the “rice-bean” model and change to plant one-season paddy in the “rice-rape” model 7.2.3 Risks of public opinions The project area suffers from rather complex environmental pollution; apart from heavy metal pollution in the soil, some areas suffer from the industrial wastewater, waste gas and rural living pollution which will damage the health and daily life of local residents. The project is expected to lead to four types of public opinion risks: 1) Risk of ambiguous reason. In the investigation, the local residents reflect that pollution leads to agricultural failure and poor living water. They are caused by pollution in numerous aspects; farmland soil pollution governance is executed without other pollution governance which may mislead local residents to heavy metal pollution; they may claim for compensation. 2) Risk of exaggerating heavy metal pollution. The heavy metal pollution governance of farmland led by the governmental department may mislead local residents to heavy metal pollution to all the agricultural products in the project area. Improper settlement may lead to cluster event. 3) Risk of local residents’ environmental protection awareness. The stakeholders have deviation in their role in the environmental pollution and protection; they do not think they should bear responsibilities for surrounding environmental pollution and do not deem them as one of the environmental governance bodies. Therefore, they require the government or certain organization to bear the soil improvement responsibilities; they mainly play the role of executor. 107 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 7.3 Control of social risks In order to successfully implement the project of safety and quality promotion in agricultural product place, the following supporting policies must be taken: （一）Formulating social management framework and resettlement policy framework to mitigate the possible risks of involuntary resettlement. Project implementation shall be basically done in the project village, and the collective-owned nature of land or facilities built by the project village shall not be change. However, the project probably has uncertain impacts on farmers’ livelihood and short-term income; consequently, the resettlement policy framework needs to be formulated. ( 二 ) Work out the basic compensation package and cultivate agricultural cooperatives to ease the economic risk in the farmland pollution treatment The basic compensation package shall be planned through negotiation among local agricultural departments and residents and can be properly adjusted according to actual conditions. According to technical methods, the subsidy schemes include two types: the remediation technology of taking VIP as the basis is as the first subsidy scheme. Said scheme aims at the recognized risk and said subsidy is divided into cost subsidy and risk subsidy: cost subsidy is mainly used for compensating the increased cost; risk subsidy is mainly used for compensating possible benefit loss such as benefit loss caused by the product without reaching the standard. The other subsidy is replanting subsidy. The replanting subsidy is divided into two types: (1) productive subsidy for compensating cost caused by replanting; (2) benefit loss subsidy for compensating reduced income caused by replanting. For the replanted project with large investment, when flower plants and nursery stocks are replanted, the local residents are encouraged to explore the financial mode of mutual protection among farmers + cadre guarantee and company + base + credit cooperative + farmer. The farmer professional cooperative shall be cultivated for the project without the farmer professional cooperative, and the management ability shall be promoted for the project with the farmer professional cooperative by training. (三) Strengthen technical training and specifications to ease the technical risk in 108 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan treatment To ease the technical risk in treatment, firstly, the project team should strengthen the training on local farmers and women in multiple ways; secondly, the project team should work out the farmer training subsidy plan. It is suggested to provide the subsidies according to the standard of 50 yuan/day; secondly, the project team should strengthen the technical specification. The agricultural departments should work out detailed technical specifications for flooding irrigation, spreading lime, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, applying foliar fertilizer and increasing the amount of soil amendment and work out some code requirements for replanted crops. The subsidy standard is whether it reaches relevant requirements. At last, it is suggested to purchase the lime sprayer and provide technical training to relevant people. (四) Set up clear accountability systems to ease the management risk in treatment. To ease the risk in management, firstly, clear duty specifications should be established. The duty specification should sort out the corresponding responsibilities of the leaders at the provincial level, the county level, the township level and the village level. The responsibilities should be assigned to the people. Secondly, a technical supervision team consisting of “Provincial Agricultural Department + Bureau of Agriculture + agricultural experts” should be established. The technical supervision team of each project county should have at least two working staff from the Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province and two agricultural experts. Meanwhile, put forward corresponding rules about the number of times and the time of inspection tours of the technical supervision team. At last, strengthen relevant protective measures and maintain safety and convenience during the project construction. It is suggested that the project owner and the construction organization of the project take a full consideration of the objective requirement and habit for local residents’ production and life to arrange the project construction schedule and minimize the influence of road blocking and noises on local residents. (五) Strengthen publicity, training and public opinion guidance to ease the public opinion risk in treatment The control measures to the potential public opinion risk in the project area: firstly, 109 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the start and implementation stage of the project should be kept confidential; secondly, enhance publicity to promote the residents’ environmental awareness; at last, work out the engagement and consultation principles. The specific measures include: ①Publicize the food safety knowledge among all the residents to enable them to understand that taking necessary measures can effectively reduce the heavy metal pollution; ②Take relevant publicity measures to correctly lead the public opinion and prevent rumors from spreading incorrectly; ③Pay attention to wording in all the stages of the project and try to avoid labeling. The following social action plans are recommended to be developed for the above conclusions and measures: firstly, a farmland management institution shall be established to ensure that farmers achieve deep participation and wide negotiation during project implementation; secondly, a compensation scheme shall be formulated to ensure economic benefit of farmers, avoid or maximally retard negative impact on farmers in the control process of the polluted farmland; thirdly, strategies for action shall be formulated and cost estimation work shall be well done; fourthly, a project complaint mechanism shall be established to facilitate extensive participation of residents. 110 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 8 Process of Public Participation 8.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment 8.1.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders 8.1.1.1 Purpose of public participation Public participation and information disclosure form a two-way communication between project owner and the public through environmental impact assessment work. They are an important constituent part of environmental impact assessment of the construction project and they are crucial for improvement of decision-making. The purposes of public participation and information disclosure include: Release project related information to project region and people paying attention to construction of this project; enable the public to get to know the main conditions, construction and operation characteristics of the project as well as major environmental problems related to the project; help assessment personnel find the problems and confirm that all major environmental problems resulting from the project are already analyzed and evaluated in environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA); confirm feasibility of environmental protection measures as well as carry out and implement optimized measure schemes. Public consulting has emphasized on the importance of connection and communication between parties involved in the project and the public. It can directly reflect the public opinions and enable the decision-making department to timely spot potential problems and timely modify and perfect design scheme so as to fundamentally solve the problems complained by the public, gradually make project planning, design, environmental monitoring and management more complete and reasonable and strive to obtain optimized unification in terms of environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. 8.1.1.2 Identification of stakeholders According to assistance objectives of World Bank, all directly or indirectly benefited or damaged individuals and organizations within the project affected regions are all stakeholders of the project. According to feasibility study report, farmland pollution in 111 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan project areas is administered by adopting measures such as agricultural improvement, land remediation and supporting of rural cooperative. The main stakeholders involved mainly include: (1) Farmer households in project areas: Farmer households in project areas are the directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal pollution administration will have an influence on land use and agricultural measures. (2) Agricultural cooperatives: Agricultural cooperatives in project areas are also directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal pollution administration will have an influence on their management and cultivation model to different extents. (3) Relevant departments of the government: Farmland pollution administration involves relevant departments such as agricultural department, environmental protection department and water conservancy department. In this part, appeals and expectations of farmer households, agricultural cooperatives and relevant departments of the government in project areas for the project are intensively analyzed. 8.1.2 Negotiation methods and contents According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of public negotiation and information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is completed. Besides, public participation and information disclosure will also be continuously carried out during project implementation. 112 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 8.1.2.1 Negotiation methods Methods for public participation negotiation mainly include: (1) Convening of symposiums in project areas; (2) Visit some people in project areas; (3) Carry out public opinion census in form of questionnaire survey; (4) NGO: Forms including convening of symposium or telephone interview are adopted. 8.1.2.2 Negotiation contents Contents of symposiums and interviews with the masses: In a symposium, construction conditions of this project as well as main contents involving environmental protection are mainly introduced to participants and participants’ ideas and suggestions on project construction and environmental protection are heard. 8.1.3 Public participation investigation 8.1.3.1 First round of public investigation activities Table 8-1 First round of public investigation activities For Time Place Negotiation object Content m Agricu ltural Bureau Get to know the status quo of local agriculture, consult Septe Sym Competent agricultural of with the local conditions of the project. And listen to the mber posi department of Hengy opinions of competent agricultural department on the 2015 um Hengyang County ang project. Count y Relevant competent Agricu departments of Get to know basic conditions of local industrial and ltural government of mining enterprises involving heavy metal, get to know Bureau Hengyang County in Sym water quality of Zhengshui water source, get to know Novemb of posi charge of er 2015 Hengy status quo of safety of local agricultural products and um environmental ang listen to the opinions of relevant competent departments Count protection, water of the government on the project. y conservancy, security and quality supervision Novemb Sym Project Organize symposium in local agricultural machinery Local residents er 2015 posi district cooperation to understand the current situation of local 113 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan For Time Place Negotiation object Content m um agriculture and consult the circumstances of the project location. Local residents express that they have similar experience previously and show a high positivity to the project implementation. Post ing of Novemb Project Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of ann Local residents er 2015 district government oun cem ent On-the-spot photos of the first round of public investigation activities: a. Symposium of relevant competent b. Symposium in agricultural machinery departments of Hengyang County cooperation Government c. Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of government 8.1.3.2 The second round of the public survey activities Table 8-2 Second round of public investigation activities Negotiation Time Form Place Content object 114 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Negotiation Time Form Place Content object Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Xidu Town consult with the local conditions of the project. Local January Meihua Area, Local Symposium residents show that they have previous related 2016 Hengyang residents experience and show high positivity to the project County implementation. Xinpu Village, January Xidu Town, Local Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Symposium 2016 Hengyang residents consult with the local conditions of the project. County Hongshi Town January Hongshi Area, Local Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Symposium 2016 Hengyang residents consult with the local conditions of the project. County Taiyuan Town January Taijiu Area, Local Get to know the status quo of local agriculture and Symposium 2016 Hengyagn residents consult with the local conditions of the project. County Carry out site survey to get to know the status quo of January Local local agriculture and get to know planting structure, Interview Project area 2016 residents irrigation facilities and application conditions of agriculture fertilizers and pesticide. January Local Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of Interview Project area 2016 residents government January Local Give out questionnaires to investigate the opinions of Interview Project area 2016 residents local residents on the project. On-the-spot photos of the second round of public investigation activities: a. Posting of project announcement of Taijiu Village, b. Symposium of Taijiu Village, Taiyuan Town, Taiyuan Town, Hengyang County Hengyang County 115 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan d. Symposium of Hongshi Area, Hongshi Town, c. Symposium of Xinpu Village, Hengyang County Hengyang County e. Posting of project announcement of Hongshi f. Posting of project announcement of Meihua Area, Hongshi Town, Hengyang County Area, Xidu Town, Hengyang County g. farmland irrigation canal of Hongshi Area, h. farmland of Taijiu Area, Taiyuan Town, Hengyang County Hengyang County 116 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan j. farm land of Hongshi Area, Hongshi Town, i. farmland of Meihua Area, Xidu Town, Hengyang County Hengyang County k. farmland irrigation canal of Taijiu Area, m. agricultural machinery track of Meihua Taiyuan Town, Hengyang County Area, Xidu Town, Hengyang County 8.1.3.3 Public participation questionnaire In order to listen to the ideas and suggestions of people affected by the project on project construction and environmental protection, questionnaires are given out to relevant personnel in project areas including major agricultural planting households, individual planting households, village cadres, other farmers and enterprise employees. Applicable questionnaire shall be designed according to project characteristics. There are 55 questionnaires in total. The statistics of basic information of the respondents are shown in Table 8-3. The results of questionnaire survey are shown in Table 8-4. The statistical data in the statistical table of basic information of respondents indicates that the ratio of female respondents takes up 25% and the ratio of respondents aged 41-60 takes up 51%, thus relatively favorably representing the basic features of affected people. The questionnaires filled out by these personnel can basically reflect the actual conditions and ideas of these groups. Statistics of each question raised in the 117 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan questionnaire are gathered and relevant analysis is conducted. See Table 8-4 for details. Table 8-3 Statistical table of basic information of respondents involved in public opinion questionnaire of environmental impact assessment Sex Age Education Junio Prima Above Senior 18~4 Above r high ry Male Male 41~60 junior high 0 60 schoo schoo college school l l Number of persons 41 14 10 28 17 1 5 24 25 (person) Ratio (%) 75 25 18 51 31 2 9 44 45 Table 8-4 List of statistical results and analysis of public opinion questionnaire of environmental impact assessment No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons Yes 26 47 9% of respondents do not understand project conditions, Do you understand this 1 Heard of before 24 44 indicating that the publicity project? efforts of the project shall be No idea 5 9 reinforced. Bulletin board 33 60 60% of respondents get to know How do you get to know TV/newspaper/network 7 13 the project from the bulletin 2 information of this board, indicating that the project? Local residents 10 18 announcement of the project has already become effective. Other approaches 5 9 Approve 55 100 What attitude do you No one disagrees on project 3 adopt towards this Disapprove 0 0 construction. project? No idea 0 0 Reasonable 55 100 What’s your opinion on No one thinks that the project site 4 site selection of the Unreasonable 0 0 selection is unreasonable. project? No idea 0 0 Promoting effect 55 100 What kind of influence of project construction Obstructing effect 0 0 No one thinks that project 5 will be imposed on local construction will obstruct economic development No influence 0 0 development of local economy. in your opinion? No idea 0 0 Water environment 28 51 Which aspect of project About half number of construction will be Atmospheric environment 7 13 respondents thinks that the 6 under most influence of Ecological environment 8 15 project has the biggest influence project construction in on water environment. your opinion? Others 12 22 What are the main Reduction of agricultural Most respondents think that 7 40 73 environmental benefits soil pollution reduction of pollution is the 118 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons of this project in your Improvement of major environmental benefit of opinion? farm-oriented irrigation 10 18 this project. quality Improvement of quality and safety of agricultural 5 9 products What is the biggest Improvement of income 3 5 influence on the interests Environmental Most respondents think that the of yourself and local 41 75 8 improvement implementation of the project residents after will improve local environment. construction of this Food safety 11 20 project Satisfied 28 51 40% of respondents are dissatisfied with current local Are you satisfied with Dissatisfied 22 40 environmental quality, indicating 9 status quo of local relatively serious environmental environmental quality? No idea 5 9 problems in project implementation area. Water pollution 27 49 About 50% of respondents think What is the major local Atmospheric pollution 13 24 that the local water pollution is 10 environmental problem the major problem, while the in your opinion? Noise 0 0 construction of this project will improve local water environment. Ecological destruction 15 27 Heavy metal pollution 42 76 Most respondents think that What is the major heavy metal pollution is the Pesticide pollution 4 7 environmental problem largest land environment problem 11 Excessive fertilizer existing in cultivated 2 4 at present, indicating that the land at present? application construction contents of this Others 7 13 project are well-targeted. Agricultural soil pollution 25 45 What is the problem you want to solve most in Production technologies 15 27 The project will effectively 12 current agricultural Product sales 7 13 realize this objective. production? Others 8 15 Improved 26 47 About half number of What change will take respondents thinks that the place to the yield of Reduced 4 7 improvement of project will 13 grain crops after improve the yield. Safeguarding implementation of the Unchanged 24 44 of grain yield of farmers is the project? key to ensure smooth project No idea 1 2 implementation. What change will take Improved 50 100 The respondents think the place to the quality of implementation of the project 14 agricultural products Reduced 0 0 will improve quality and safety of after implementation of Unchanged 0 0 agricultural products. the project? Relatively complete 16 29 Only 29% of respondents think How about your opinion that the local agriculture and on local agriculture and Relatively simple and water conservancy facilities are 15 24 44 water conservancy crude relatively completed, indicating irrigation facilities? No irrigation facility 15 27 relatively weak local irrigation facilities. Fully mastered 26 47 Most respondents think that they Do you already master basically master related skills for various related skills for Probably learned 24 44 construction and maintenance of 16 construction and field irrigation system but there maintenance of field Not mastered 5 9 are still some respondents failing irrigation system? to master such skills. 17 Are you willing to Yes 41 75 Most respondents are willing to 119 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons participate in the whole No 0 0 take part in the whole process of process of project design, construction and design, construction and implementation of field irrigation implementation if field system, indicating relatively high irrigation system is No idea 14 25 degree of concern of locals for designed and constructed irrigation system. locally? No 11 20 20% of respondents totally fail to Have you ever 1-2 times 12 22 receive agricultural training. participated in training 18 Therefore, relevant training shall on agricultural 3-5 times 16 29 be strengthened during project knowledge? construction. Above 5 times 16 29 Fully manual planting 11 20 Most respondents adopt planting Manual planting + method of manual planting + Limited agricultural 31 56 limited agricultural machinery or What is your crop machinery 19 total manual planting, indicating planting method? Agricultural machinery + 7 13 relatively weak agricultural Limited manual planting machinery construction at Fully agricultural present. 6 11 machinery Farm manure 8 15 Application of compound and trace fertilizers takes up 38%, Compound fertilizer and application of testing soil for 22 40 trace fertilizer formulated fertilization takes up Types of chemical Testing soil for 20 10 18 18%, indicating that certain fertilizers applied by you formulated fertilization foundation of testing soil for formulated fertilization in local Mixed fertilization 15 27 place. It is relatively beneficiary to implementation of the project. Recommended by 14 25 agricultural technical staff About half number of Recommended by dealers 16 29 How do you choose respondents selects chemical 21 chemical fertilizers and Based on experience (or fertilizers and pesticide based on pesticide? recommended by 24 44 experience (or recommendation neighbors) by neighbors). Based on labels 1 2 (advertisements) Pesticide store 43 78 How do you acquire Most respondents purchase Direct sales from 22 chemical fertilizers and 6 11 chemical fertilizers and pesticide manufacturer pesticide? in pesticide stores. Itinerant vendor 6 11 Ask those who used chemical fertilizers 11 20 before. Most respondents determine What is the basis guiding Based on experience 33 60 usage of chemical fertilizers by 23 your usage of chemical learning from others or based on fertilizers at present? Label instructions 9 16 previous experience. Guidance by agricultural 2 4 technical staff Based on experience 14 25 About half number of How do you determine respondents determines using Label instructions 12 22 using frequency of frequency of chemical fertilizers 24 Guidance by agricultural chemical fertilizers and 23 42 and pesticide according to pesticide? technical staff guidance of agricultural technical Recommended by dealers 6 11 staff. How about the frequency 1-2 times 12 22 Pesticide is relatively frequently 25 of use of pesticide in used in project areas and plant each round of crop 3-4 times 24 44 diseases and insect pests are 120 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons planting? 5-6 times 16 29 relatively serious. Above 6 times 3 5 Hand-operated sprayer 18 33 Knapsack sprayer 33 60 Most respondents use How do you spray 26 hand-operated and knapsack pesticide? Power sprayer 4 7 sprayers. Unified prevention and 0 0 control company Publicity and education 26 47 Which work shall be Training 24 44 Most respondents think that mainly strengthened in Organization and publicity, education and relevant the next step in order to 27 implementation of training shall be strengthened, ensure successful 5 9 monitoring and which is also a highlight in the implementation of the assessment early-stage work of the project. project? Others 0 0 What are your opinions Main opinions and suggestions: It is expected that the project can be implemented as and suggestions on soon as possible with guaranteed quality and quantity. Meanwhile, environmental 28 project construction and protection work shall be properly conducted. The normal lives of surrounding people environmental protection shall not be affected during construction period. work? What are difficulties and Main difficulties and hopes: It is expected that the project would have relatively good hopes during continuity and the economic subsidy can be improved in a proper manner; project 29 implementation and publicity shall be enhanced to enable more people to get involved in the project as construction of the well as play a demonstrative role for local agricultural development through favorable project? implementation effect. 8.1.4 Information disclosure and feedback 8.1.4.1 Site announcement Site announcement refers to posting of paper announcement in bulletin boards of township governments and village committees where the project is implemented as other densely-populated areas. 8.1.4.2 Contents of announcement According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is completed. 121 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Contents of announcement are shown as follows: ①Overview of construction project ②Work procedures and main contents of assessment; ③Scope of solicitation of public opinions and main matters; ④Specific solicitation of public opinions; ⑤Method and term for the public to check abridged edition of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA); ⑥Starting and ending dates for the public to put forward their opinions; ⑦Contact information, including mailing addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization 8.1.5 Summarization of opinions and feedbacks of public participation Table 8-5 Summary sheet of opinions and feedbacks of public participation Public opinions Corresponding feedbacks in environmental management plan Land leveling and digestion are carried out locally upon muck 1. About control of construction excavation of project points; the household garbage of construction garbage personnel are centrally collected on the construction site and timely cleared and transported. PMO is responsible for uniformly establishing scheme and 2. About project implementation organize training of agricultural technical service providers and effect field schools. Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area to 3. About water pollution problems detect the water quality of irrigation water source during key water demand period of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality. Liming personnel shall properly conduct protection work and 4. Safety management and properly wear protective clothes and masks during application of personnel’s health issues quick lime to ensure safety of personnel and seedlings. 5. Related to irrigation measures Maintain and upgrade the irrigation canals in the program areas 122 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Public opinions Corresponding feedbacks in environmental management plan that couldn’t meet irrigation demands, and meet the farmers’ demands for irrigation canals and irrigation water source 8.1.6 Brief summary of public participation 123 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 8-6 Summary sheet of public participation Form of public Participatio Feedback to public Time Location Content participat n object opinions ion List of public participation in the first round: Competent Agricultur Understand the current situation of Play a demonstrative role agricultural Septem al Bureau local agriculture, consult the project for local agricultural Symposiu department ber of circumstance in the local place and development through m of 2015 Hengyang listen to the opinions of agricultural favorable implementation Hengyang County authorities about the project. effect. County Relevant competent departments of Understand the basic situation of government local industrial and mining of enterprises involving the heavy Agricultur Hengyang metal, understand the water quality The water quality of Nove al Bureau County in status of Zhengshui River as the Zhengshui irrigation water Symposiu mber of charge of irrigation water source, understand source is already controlled m 2015 Hengyang environment the current safety status of local and the project demand can County al agricultural products and listen to be satisfied. protection, the opinions of related water governmental department about the conservancy project. , security and quality supervision Understand the current situation of local agriculture, and consult the Properly adopt relevant project circumstance in the local Nove measures and avoid Symposiu Project Local place. Local residents express that mber they have similar experience influencing on normal lives m area residents 2015 of surrounding people previously and show a high during construction period. positivity to the project implementation. List of public participation in the second round: Competent agricultural Agricultur Understand the current situation of Play a demonstrative role department al Bureau local agriculture, consult the project for local agricultural January Symposiu of of circumstance in the local place and development through 2016 m Hengyang Hengyang listen to the opinions of agricultural favorable implementation County and County authorities about the project. effect. Hunan Province Understand the current situation of Meihua local agriculture, and consult the Area, Properly adopt relevant project circumstance in the local measures and avoid January Symposiu Xidu Local place. Local residents express that influencing on normal lives 2016 m Town, residents of surrounding people Hengyang they have similar experience during construction period. County previously and show a high positivity to the project 124 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Form of public Participatio Feedback to public Time Location Content participat n object opinions ion implementation. Xinpu Village, Understand the current situation of Properly adopt relevant Local local agriculture, and consult the measures and avoid January Symposiu Xidu influencing on normal lives 2016 m Town, residents project circumstance in the local of surrounding people Hengyang place. during construction period. County Hongshi Area, Understand the current situation of Properly adopt relevant Local local agriculture, and consult the measures and avoid January Symposiu Hongshi influencing on normal lives 2016 m Town, residents project circumstance in the local of surrounding people Hengyang place. during construction period. County Taijiu Area, Understand the current situation of Properly adopt relevant Local local agriculture, and consult the measures and avoid January Symposiu Taiyuan influencing on normal lives 2016 m Town, residents project circumstance in the local of surrounding people Heng place. during construction period. County Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main irrigation Carry out site survey to get to know water inlet of cultivated the status quo of local agriculture as land in project area to January Project Local detect the water quality of Interview well as planting structure, irrigation 2016 area residents irrigation water source facilities and application conditions during key water demand of farm manure and pesticide. period of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality. Table 8-7 Summary sheet of information disclosure Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Information disclosure table of public participation in the first round: Post program announcement in Novembe Project Posting of government bulletin to disclose the Agricultural Bureau r 2015 area announcement overview and main contents of of the County construction project Information disclosure table of public participation in the second round: Overview and main contents of construction Meihua project; scope of public participation and main Area, Xidu matters; contact information including mailing January Posting of Agricultural Bureau Town, addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 announcement Hengyang number, contact persons, emails, etc. of County development organization and environmental impact assessment organization January Xinpu Posting of Overview and main contents of construction Agricultural Bureau 2016 Village, announcement project; scope of public participation and main of the County 125 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Xidu Town, matters; contact information including mailing Hengyang addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax City number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction Hongshi project; scope of public participation and main Area, matters; contact information including mailing January Hongshi Posting of Agricultural Bureau addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 Town, announcement number, contact persons, emails, etc. of Hengyang development organization and environmental County impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction Taijiu Area, project; scope of public participation and main Taiyuan matters; contact information including mailing January Posting of Agricultural Bureau Town, Heng addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 announcement Yang number, contact persons, emails, etc. of County development organization and environmental impact assessment organization 126 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 8.2 Public participation of social impact assessment 8.2.1 Principle of public participation and information disclosure of project 1) Maintaining the disclosure of project information. The project propaganda is penetrated in the whole project cycle. Efforts are made to establish a regular disclosure system of project information; regularly make an announcement to the project information closely associated with stakeholders in the public areas of community. Besides, the group meeting, representative meeting, slogan, TV show and broadcasting measures are adopted to notify stakeholders of project preparations. 2) Assisting main stakeholders to establish the consciousness of project main body. The evaluation team recommends to launch out the following training programs: a) organize participation training to the stakeholders and instruct them to positively think about community development, farmland heavy metal pollution and environmental protection; b) organize the training of environmental protection knowledge and instruct the stakeholders to think about impact of their living and production methods on the soil and think about protecting the soil; c) organize the training of project technologies and eliminate worries of stakeholders to the project. 3) Absorbing main stakeholders to participate in the project construction; first consider employing them as paid labor; permitting them to provide rear services for the construction project. 4) Concerning about the role of village community cadres and community strength in the project execution. The village community cadres participate in the project propaganda, training, mobilization, villager demand reflection, discovery of existing problems, coordination of contradictions and subsequent management. In the project execution, a certain subsidy is offered to the main cadres. 5) Launching out the village participation management model of village soil governance and protection and encourage the local residents to maintain the project effect sustainable. 6) Encouraging the weak tendency to participate in the project. In the project design, instructive stipulations are formulated for the weak tendency such as women and minority group. For instance, 50% of total women are required to participate in the training program (the standard can be properly graced in the minority group); various communities are 127 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan required to absorb a certain ratio of poverty-stricken households to participate in the project and it is adopted as the project evaluation indicator. In order to listen to the voice of weak tendency, the village project team includes the representatives of women, minority group and poverty-stricken households. In view of rather low cultural level in the women and ethnic minority, various project areas organize special training programs, select proper teaching contents, methods and language according to the actual demand and thus upgrade the training effect. As for the project area distributed with ethnic minority, easy and special training program is organized according to their features and demand. The assessment team has formulated the catalog for activity participation of project beneficiary in different project cycles such as farmland soil environmental governance. It includes the participation suggestions of the evaluation team. 8.2.2 Participation of stakeholders in the project preparation stage 8.2.2.1 Basic participation methods In the project impact area, the social evaluation team has launched out a series of project propaganda activities and mobilized stakeholders to participate in the project decision making. The stakeholders participate in the project at three levels: (1) Official symposium The assessment team convenes the symposium for officials of project office at various levels and related governmental departments and knows about and collects: ① Execution and assessment result of local project ② Project risk analysis; how to reduce risks ③ Suggestions on how to upgrade project effect ④ Project problems ⑤ Expected impact of the project ⑥ Collection of document literature and annual statistical statements at province, county and county level (2) Symposium of project farmers and rural cooperative society The assessment team convened a symposium with the subitem project owners, including the following contents: ① Background and process of project; knowledge of project execution status quo and assessment ② Project design ③ Existing problems 128 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan ④ Suggestions on how to upgrade project effects and avoid risks ⑤ Collection of owner’s filing documents ⑥ Selection of investigation point (3) Negotiation and participation of stakeholders The assessment team launched out negotiation and participation in the stakeholders. In the on-site work of each subitem project, the assessment team selected different investigation points in order to cover the affected stakeholders. The assessment team launched out the unlimited preliminary participation of stakeholders. In the on-site work, the assessment team selected different investigation points and convened three (3) times of county cadre symposium participated by the county agricultural bureau, environmental protection bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, civil and religious bureau, human resource and social security bureau, national land bureau and demolition office; in the project township, convened six times of village cadre symposium participated by the agricultural station technicians and township main responsible persons and project village committee’s director; convened six times of village team symposium (60 attendants in total, including 18 poverty-stricken people which takes up 30.0% of total number of attendants); convened six times of poverty-stricken household symposium (36 people in total), six times of women symposium (48 people in total); launched out in-depth interview with 30 local residents, including 10 women which took up 33.3%; 10 minority people which took up 33.3%; 10 poverty-stricken people which took up 33.3%. Besides, it distributed 632 copies of questionnaire in three project counties and recovered 604 effective copies with an effective recovery rate of 95.6%. In the questionnaire, the male feedback took up 72.2% and female feedback took up 27.8%. In the composition of race, Han people included 430 which took up 72.6%; Tujia nationality included 161 people which took up 26.9%; Miao, Dong and other nationality included 9 people which took up 0.5%. 8.2.2.2 Participation contents and activities of information disclosure The participation in the project preparation stage mainly aims to reach common consensus and design the appeal plan that can adequately reflect the demand of stakeholders. Please refer to Table 8-8 for the specific participation catalog. Table 8-8 Participation model of stakeholders Participation Contents Activity methods Participants activities 129 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan ① Publicize the importance and necessity of Bulletin, propaganda ① All the members of Project project execution; request for their opinions brochure, public village propaganda and suggestions. convergence, slogan and ② Project owner ② Transmit the following information propaganda list ③ Project office concerned by the mainly affected groups in a timely manner: project execution date, venue, land requisition and demolition plan and compensation and settlement plan. Analysis of ① Confirm affected groups and basic living Representative meeting ① Village affected status Women symposium representative group ② Confirm the positive and negative impact Symposium of (including of various groups poverty-stricken poverty-stricken households household, ethnic Analysis of ① Analyze the status quo and existing Representative meeting minority and women) problems problems in the village/village farmland Women symposium ② Village/village pollution; determine specific impact degree Symposium of committee on the village development poverty-stricken ③ Project owner and ② Assist the local residents to analyze households project office association of farmland pollution with their own life Evaluation Analyze specific contents of indigenous Representative meeting of indigenous knowledge to alleviate farmland soil Women symposium knowledge pollution Symposium of poverty-stricken households Analysis of Confirm needs of affected groups; analyze Representative meeting need the gap between said needs and project Women symposium design Symposium of poverty-stricken households Feedback ① Evaluate the project design plan and Representative meeting project contents Women symposium ② Evaluate the project expectation and Symposium of suggestions of stakeholders poverty-stricken households Training ① Face with all the local residents and ① Representative ① All the members of enhance training of national and local meeting village environmental indicators and environmental ② Bulletin, propaganda ② Project owner protection laws and stipulations. brochure, slogan and ③ Project office ② Launch out training on farmland pollution propaganda list ④ Agricultural bureau control. ⑤ Village committee ③ Propagandize impact of living methods on the surrounding environment; assist the local residents to know about their living impact on the surrounding environment. 8.2.3 Public participation of project execution stage All the members of village, village committee, project owner, project office and village project management team are converged to participate in the project construction and surveillance in the form of village meeting, representative meeting and village project management team meeting. Please refer to Table 8-9 in detail. Table 8-9 Participation catalog of stakeholders of project construction stage Participation Contents Activity methods Participants activities 130 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Village project Confirm the team members, recommend ① Village meeting ① All the members of organization and select responsible person, execute ② Village/representative village and organization training, select and manage meeting ② Village committee management project construction staffs, safeguard the ③ Village project ③ Project owner team security of construction site, coordinate the management team ④ Project office relationship between various parties and meeting (including ⑤ Village project reflect the opinions of local residents. poverty-stricken management team households, immigrants, ethnic minority and women) Project ① Confirm the establishment methods, ① Village meeting ① The construction construction social capital introduction methods and ② Representative staffs include the farmland soil governance methods of meeting resettled groups, professional agricultural organization ③ Participation in the ethnic minority, ② Confirm working posts of project project construction women and construction poverty-stricken ③ Confirm the selection standard of households construction staffs and must include ② Project office resettled groups, ethnic minority, ③ Project owner poverty-stricken household and women ④ Project construction ④ Confirm the remuneration of institution construction staffs ⑤ Village project ⑤ Participate in the technical training and management team safety system training of construction ⑥ Social capital staffs representative ⑥ Participate in the project construction Village/village ① Make regular surveillance of the soil ① Village meeting ① All the members of project soil ② Make resuming surveillance to the i ② Village/representative village surveillance resettled group’s living standard meeting ② Village committee team ③ Monitor resuming of natural ③ Village project ③ Project owner environment upon completion of project surveillance team ④ Project office ④ Make regular surveillance of agricultural (including ⑤ Village project products poverty-stricken surveillance team households, resettled groups, ethnic minority, and women) Training Make surveillance and assessment of skill Training of village ① Village project training project surveillance surveillance team team ② Project office ③ Project owner Appeal to Establish opinion feedback system of ① Print out “table of ① Village project opinions village members project appeal opinions” surveillance team and distribute to each ② All the members of village team; enable the village local residents to raise ③ Project office and their opinions in a project owner timely manner. ② Prepare complaint hotline in the provincial project office. ③ Designate village surveillance team to 131 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan collect the farmers’ opinions and suggestions at any time. 8.2.4 Information Disclosure The participation right and bargaining power of migrants and affected personnel shall be emphasized during stages of migrant resettlement, policymaking, and plan preparation and implementation. The objects of public participation are classified into three types, i.e. government departments in each level, expert terms and affected village collective and population. Resettlement plan and social assessment shall be involved in negotiation and participation according to steps of public participation to ensure full participation of affected groups. All documents shall be announced according to policy of the World Bank and relevant archives shall be filed or published in the newspaper for announcement according to domestic requirements. Opportunities including social economic investigation and social impact assessment and investigation shall be utilized to extensively publicize and introduce resettlement policy of the Project by various means and solicit opinions from various kinds of affected population. After extensive public participation, coordination and communication, local governments, affected village collectives and affected population have already fully understood the potential influence, settlement policy and income recovery plan of the project. The project resettlement office and the local resettlement implementation organizations in each level may adopt the following procedures and methods to encourage the affected population to participate in negotiation: (1) Publicize basic information of the Project and attract the affected population to actively participate in the Project. Methods such as posting of announcement, radio and television, network media and investigation forum are adopted to introduce basic conditions of the Project to the affected groups and enable the affected population to have a relatively full concept and understanding of the Project. The main contents of information of the Project include: Objectives of farmland pollution prevention and administration; influence of farmland pollution administration project; project compensation standards, compensation amount and resettlement policy; migrants’ opinion feedback and appeal channels. (2) Convening of public consulting meeting The project resettlement office organizes affected population to attend consulting 132 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan meeting on an irregular basis based on actual conditions of project land acquisition and demolition. At least 5 meetings shall be convened. The number of participants shall not be lower than 30% of total affected population. During each meeting, representatives of disadvantaged groups especially women and ethnic minorities shall be invited to attend the meeting. The number of disadvantaged groups including women and ethnic minorities attending the meeting shall not be lower than 30% of total number of participants. Also, the meeting shall be monitored by relevant external independent monitoring organization. Furthermore, project construction contents, progress and resettlement policy of the Project shall be publicized through TV, broadcasting, newspaper and network. (3) Convening of hearing As for issuing centering on migrants including alternative crops and planting technologies, migrants’ compensation expectations and difficulties faced by migrants, the migrants may fully express their opinions first and then sorting of concentration ratios of demands, opinions and suggestions are formed through discussion, analysis and voting. Then, the community discussion results will be made public. (4) Announcement of resettlement framework After hearing and expert consulting, PMO shall formulate a draft and a final version of resettlement plan framework and give out them to migrants and the public in project areas. The general places used to disclose resettlement framework can be public activity places, villager activity rooms in the affected village committees, government public information website, etc.. The language used shall be easy to understand. The draft of resettlement framework shall be publicized one month before it is submitted to the World Bank for approval. After the draft is recognized by the World Bank, the final version can be publicized. The main contents of resettlement framework include all lost property, compensation standards, compensation amount, resettlement policy, migrants’ rights and interests, and opinion feedback and appeal channels, etc.. (5) Announcement of monitoring results of agricultural products during project implementation period The villager monitoring team monitors farmland products using agricultural product monitoring equipment and then announce the detection results. Detection of agricultural products is usually conducted once for single cropping rice and twice for double cropping rice respectively. The monitoring results of agricultural products may be announced in villages’ information bars, places with centralized activities conducted by villagers, villager activity rooms in the affected village committees and government public 133 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan information website. The language used shall be easy to understand without easy generation of ambiguity. 8.3 Information disclosure and Opinion Feedback (Complaint) Mechanism during Project Implementing Period 1. Information disclosure In order to enable the people affected in the implementing process of this project to quickly obtain information to guarantee sufficient consideration of the interest of affected people in the engineering construction and operation process, this project has established effective information disclosure mechanism. The information disclosure mechanism is as follows: Stage 1: small civil construction works For small civil construction works (such as renovation of irrigation canals, etc.), the construction unit shall release project information to the surrounding affected residents in form of public announcement. The various construction sites shall release the related project information announcement, including but not limited to: ① Project overview; ② Construction plan: ③ Main construction works; ④ Main environmental problems and mitigation measures; ⑤ Name and telephone number of personnel in construction unit and supervision unit. The construction unit and supervision unit shall regularly communicate with surrounding residents to reduce negative influences. All construction units shall provide workers with training about maintenance of relationship and communication with surrounding residents, local custom and code of conduct. All complaints, problems and related matters shall be included in feedback report, and submitted to supervision unit and construction unit for review; the complaint contents to be corrected and handled must be delivered to the related parties to guarantee satisfaction of complaining personnel. Regarding the problems related to environmental protection, consult local environmental 134 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan protection administrative departments for proper settlement. Stage 2: Agriculture technology activities For implementation of agriculture technology activities (such as liming, etc.), the implementation unit shall release project information to surrounding affected residents in form of public announcement. Clear public announcement relating to project information shall be posted in the surrounding area of the fields implementing various agriculture technology activities, including but not limited to: ① Project overview; ② Implementing plan of agriculture technology activities; ③ Main activity quantity (such as liming quantity); ④ Main environmental problems and relief measures; ⑤ Name and telephone number of personnel in implementation unit and supervision unit. The construction unit and supervision unit shall regularly communicate with surrounding residents to reduce negative influences. All construction units shall provide workers with training about maintenance of relationship and communication with surrounding residents, local custom and code of conduct. All complaints, problems and related matters shall be included in feedback report, and submitted to supervision unit and construction unit for review; the complaint contents to be corrected and handled must be delivered to the related parties to guarantee satisfaction of complaining personnel. Regarding the problems related to environmental protection, consult local environmental protection administrative departments for proper settlement. Stage 3: Agricultural products inspection during implementation period During project implementation period, after release of agricultural products inspection report in every year, the county will hold one public participation on-site investigation meeting, at which the related farming households and rural cooperatives shall be informed of the basic project information and inspection results of agricultural products. If any agricultural product has out-of-limit heavy metal content, collective purchasing and safety 135 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan handling shall be implemented on the out-of-limit agricultural products based on the subsidy policy formed by project implementing scheme. Meanwhile, the opinions and suggestions reflected from the stakeholders such as farming households and rural cooperatives in the project areas shall be collected, and the related countermeasures or measures shall be formed based on their opinions and suggestions, so as to make improvement in follow-up implementing process of project. 2. Opinion feedback (complaint) mechanism In order to timely and effectively handle problems occurring in implementing process of this project, and guarantee smooth proceeding of project, it is necessary to establish an opinion feedback (complaint) mechanism. After receiving environmental protection complaint or correction notice from administrative department, the construction unit or implementation unit shall immediately organize visits and investigations along with county PMO and other related departments, and make correction based on actual circumstances. Meanwhile, correction scheme shall be announced to settle environmental protection dispute issues. After receiving a correction notice, correction shall be completed within 3 working days (those to be coordinated by administrative departments shall be completed within 10 working days). The feedback mechanism is as follows: The public may propose opinions to construction unit or implementation unit in form of sending letter, fax, email, etc.; or feedback opinions through county PMO and complaint office. Measures shall be adopted to guarantee complaining channel to be transparent and effective, the specific requirements of which are as follows: (1) If receiving any influence in any aspect of environment, resident may propose complaint to county PMO, which shall make the decision of handling such complaint within 2 weeks. (2) If the resident is still unsatisfied with the decision made by county PMO, he/she may, after receiving such decision, file complaint to higher level of administrative departments with jurisdiction for arbitration according to the Administrative Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. (3) If the resident is still unsatisfied with the award of arbitration, after receiving such 136 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan award of arbitration, the resident may file lawsuit to civil court according to the Civil Procedure Law. (4) Residents may propose complaint (lawsuit) on any aspect of environmental management, including compensating standard, etc. (5) Complaining channel shall be informed to residents, so as to enable residents to be fully aware of their rights of complaint. (6) The institution accepting complaint from residents will not charge any fee; the expenses incurred from complaint shall be paid by the construction unit or implementation unit. (7) All complaints shall have standard recording, tracking and regular reporting: The contents of record shall include: the complaint recording sheet mainly include: basic information of complaining person, basic information of complaint matter, basic information of replier, solution and realized effect. Contents of tracking shall include: return visit to the complaining person to make sure whether the complaint matter is handled, and the complaint is satisfied with the effect of handling, etc. Regular report shall include: the complaint information shall be regularly reported in writing to superior level, and written in the implementing plan of subsequent engineering. The construction unit or building unit shall arrange full-time environmental protection personnel to specifically collect and handle the unsatisfaction and complaint by the affected population. The name, office address and contact telephone number of the principal of construction unit or building unit shall be announced. Based on the opinions reflected by the public, and the environment monitoring report and inspection report by supervision institution, the environment and social management project will make targeted adjustment on the mitigation measures, so as to make further improvement on environment management activities. If it is found out in inspection that there is major deviation from the contents in environmental management and social plan, or any change of project has caused huge negative influence on environment, or caused significant increase of people affected by 137 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan negative environment, the project management office shall immediately consult with the environment institution and establish environment evaluation team with World Bank to make extra environmental evaluation; if it is necessary, extra public consultation shall be made. The modified environmental and social management plan shall also be informed to the implemention organs and contractors, and enable them to implement based on the modified contents. 138 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Management Plan 9.1 Purpose of environmental and social management Environmental and social management is a part of project management, and an important process of the effective implementation of environmental protection and social risk prevention work. The purpose of the environmental and social management of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County is to guarantee the smooth implementation of the various environmental protection measures and social risk prevention measures of the project, to reduce the negative influence of project implementation on the environment and society, and to realize coordination among environmental protection, sustainable social development and economic development. 9.2 Contents of environmental and social management plan The environmental and social management plan of project is formed based on the evaluation of environmental and social influence; the contents mainly include environmental and social management system and duties, environmental and social management training, environmental protection measures proposed regarding the negative influences in the evaluation of environmental and social influence, social risk prevention measures, and the investment estimation of environmental and social management expenses. 9.3 Environmental and social management system 9.3.1 Setting of environmental and social management organization The setting of environmental and social management organization of the project is detailed in Table 9-1 and Figure 9-1. Table 9-1 Composition of environmental and social management system Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organi zation Manag Provincial project joint  Provide comprehensive macro guidance for implementation and coordination ement meeting 139 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan organi of relevant policies as well as solving of relevant difficulties, supervise project zation implementation, review and approve project plan, seek for supporting capital, implement inter-department coordination and help solve difficulties existing in project implementation. Take charge of overall coordination and management of the project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes:  Check and coordinate with the work of each local environmental management department.  Take charge of arranging survey activities of environmental experts of World Provincial PMO Bank.  Summarize reports of each sub-project in different stages and submit them to World Bank for review.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis.  Coordinate with county PMO to handle complaint issues Take charge of implementation and management of each sub-project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes:  Supervise and urge the project implementer to implement environmental County PMO management plan.  Prepare staged report of project environmental management.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis.  Responsible for handling of complaint issues World Bank Supervise and check implementation of environmental and social management plan. The governmental administration organization conducts whole-process Environmental environmental supervision management of project activities according to law, protection bureau including approval of environmental impact assessment report, provision of guidance, and remediation acceptance. In the project areas with implementation organized by the specified agricultural cooperatives, the various project administrative villages shall establish the project quality supervision team composed of the village administrative committee members, farming household representatives, women representatives, poor farming household Superv representatives and vulnerable targeted group representatives (minority ision representatives shall also be included in the area of minorities). Duties organi involved: firstly, supervise the project implemented by the specified zation Third-party farmer cooperatives and agricultural enterprise along with the supervision agricultural supervision company entrusted by the county PMO; institution secondly, assist the PMO of different levels to collect monitoring evaluation data as required; In the project areas independently implemented and organized by village administrative committee, establish village project implementing team to specifically organize the implementation of various projects and various agriculture technology measures, and its project quality supervision shall be implemented by the agricultural supervision company entrusted by the county PMO Project implementation Imple organization mentat Take charge of project implementation and execution of environmental protection established by project ion implementation measures and social risk prevention measures organi township of each zation county Consul Prep Implement environmental influence identification as entrusted by ting arati Environmen project environmental and social management department, prepare service on t consultant specific environmental evaluation documents, and provide organi stage environmental consultation and technical support 140 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan zation Implement social influence identification as entrusted by project Social environmental and social management department, prepare specific consultant social assessment documents, and provide social consultation and technical support Regularly implement periodic evaluation and summarization of project Environmen implementing environment as entrusted by project environmental and Impl tal social management department, submit environmental evaluation eme consultant documents of implementation stage, and provide environmental ntati consultation and technical support on Regularly implement periodic evaluation and summarization of project stage Social implementing social influence as entrusted by project environmental and consultant social management department, submit social assessment documents of implementation stage, provide social consultation and technical support Environmental Undertake professional environmental monitoring tasks upon the entrustment of monitoring project environmental and social management organization. organization Framework of environmental and social management organization of project is shown in Figure 9-1. Figure 9-1 Framework diagram of environmental and social management organization of project 9.3.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental and social management system The environmental and social management system adopted in “Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Hengyang County of Hunan Province with World Bank Loan” includes project management organization, supervision organization, implementation organization and consulting service organization. All these organizations 141 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan commonly constitute a complete environmental and social management system of the project. However, each of them undertakes different work contents and has different scopes of responsibility. The project is launched under the organizing and leadership of provincial PMO and each project county (municipal) government to ensure the compliance of project construction with requirements stipulated by China and the World Bank concerning work procedure and pollution prevention and control measures and social risk prevention meatures. Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization in this project are shown in Table 9-2 below. Table 9-2 Responsibilities of each organization in environmental and social management system Name of Type of Personnel Responsibilities of the organization organization organization allocation 1. Carry out whole-process environmental supervision management of this project ① Environmental according to law, including approval of Protection Bureau Supervision project environmental impact assessment 1 person of Hengyang organization report (including environmental assessment County work of sub-projects), and environmental supervision management in stages such as project construction and operation. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of Environmental and Social Management Plan; 2. Supervise and urge the coordination and implementation of domestic environmental management requirements and ② Provincial environmental and social management project joint Management 2~3 requirements of World Bank; meeting and organization persons 3. Submit relevant reports to World Bank every provincial PMO half a year; 4. Check environmental management work of PMO in each level; 5. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems; 6. Entrust hired experimental and social expert group to check the project. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of sub-project environmental and social management rules and regulations; 2. Organize the preparation of approval application of domestic environmental ③PMO of Management 1-2 impact assessment documents; Hengyang County organization persons 3. Urge the project design to meet environmental impact assessment requirements; 4. Include environmental protection measures in this environmental and social 142 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan management plan in project construction contract; 5. Hire, supervise and coordinate with project supervisor (qualification, responsibilities and management); 6. Organize the implementation of environmental management training plan; 7. Properly keep records on complaints during project construction and operation process, sort such records, answer handling results to the public and solve the problems complained by the public; 8. Submit reports (statements) to provincial PMO every quarter; 9. Accept the inspection of environmental work (including project inspection of World Bank) 1. The World Bank assigns an inspectorate every year to conduct special inspection of project implementation; Supervision 1~2 ④World Bank 2. Check execution conditions of loan organization persons agreement of this project and implementation conditions of Environmental and Social Management Plan. ⑤ Provision of construction Environmental 1. Carry out on-the-spot survey of each project project impact and conduct environmental assessment; environmental 3 persons assessment 2. Take charge of compiling contents of impact assessment organization Environmental Management Plan. qualification certificate 1. Carry out site inspection of construction site and contractor and assist provincial PMO in checking environmental protection work of project points; ⑥ Environmental Consulting 2. Guide environmental impact assessment unit and social service 2 persons and implementation unit to properly design consultants organization and implement environmental protection measures, submit a draft report to provincial PMO and put forward suggestions and opinions on implementation of environmental protection. 1. Carry out environmental monitoring in project construction period and operation ⑦ Environmental Consulting period according to Environmental monitoring service 1-2 Monitoring Plan, keep such conditions in organization organization the archives and report to each county (municipal) PMO. 1. Formulate each environmental protection ⑨ Civil measure in construction period; engineering 2. Accept supervision and inspection from subcontractor and World Bank and environmental protection implementation Implementation Several departments at all levels regarding organization and organization environmental protection; planting 3. Establish a feedback mechanism and households in each complete rectification within 3 working days project point after receiving notice of rectification 143 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan (rectification shall be completed within 10 working days if management organization is demanded to coordinate); 4. Complete construction checklist together before construction and submit it to county (district) PMO. 1. Supervise the project implemented by specified farmer cooperatives and ⑩ Third-party agricultural enterprise along with Supervision supervision Several agricultural supervision company entrusted institution institution by county PMO; 2. Assist PMO of various levels to collect and evaluation data as required. 9.3.3 Environmental and social management tasks in each project stage Project environmental and social management involves different work contents in different project implementation stages as shown in Figure 6-2. The most important task of environmental ans social management plan is to ensure that each environmental protection measure put forward is practically and effectively implemented, including: ①Include environmental protection measures and social risk prevention measures in environmental and social management plan into project design and construction contract; ②Implementation of environmental protection measures by the construction unit during construction period; ③Project acceptance, supervision and management of project operation period, mechanism of environmental and social management plan inspection, reporting mechanism and filing mechanism. The timeliness of work is reflected through inspection of daily work. 144 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Environmental and social Program stage management task Feasibility study Identification of project type Preliminary design Form this type of environmental and social management plan, ensure the various measures proposed in the environmental and social management plan to be implemented in engineering supervision plan. Implement environmental and social management plan, implement Engineering on-site supervision and management on the construction activities of construction construction unit at construction site. Engineering and Environmental and social management plan proposes environmental protection requirements and requires submission of acceptance acceptance results to the related parties. Engineering operation Implement environmental and social management plan during operation period. Chart 9-2 Environmental and Social Management Tasks at Each Stage of Project 9.3.4 Public complaint and feedback mechanism A public complaint and feedback mechanism needs to be established in order to timely and effectively solve the problems occurring in project implementing process, and to guarantee the smooth proceeding of project. 9.3.4.1 Institution accepting unsatisfaction and complaint In order to better protect the local environmental quality status and interest of surrounding residents, Hengyang County PMO has established environmental influence complaint acceptance leadership team, the head of which is concurrently served by the principal and related personnel of Hengyang County PMO; the complaint acceptance leadership team sets up complaint acceptance office at the Hengyang County PMO, and 145 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan discloses the complaint acceptance institution’s telephone number, fax, address, email address, etc. through bulletin, so the affected people could propose complaints about any environmental and social problem at any time. The daily complaints shall be collected and summarized by the complaint acceptance office, and Hengyang County has set full-time personnel to shoulder responsibilities of recording and receiving the complaints and appeals from people. Besides, China’s complaint system is relatively complete, the complaint channel is very smooth and open, and government agencies such as environmental protection bureau, civil affairs bureau, finance bureau, etc. all have special complaint office and complaint bureau. People could also directly file complaints to such complaint office and bureau. 9.3.4.2 Complaint and grievance procedure The specific procedure to handle complaints is as follows: 1） Grievance Uptake and Receipt If any affected person consists that his/her right is violated in any way, he/she may file complaint to the complaint acceptance office in written form or oral form; if it’s oral complaint, the complaint acceptance office member shall make detailed record. 2） Grievance Sorting, Processing, Investigation and Action Complaint acceptance office shall sort out and screen the complaint contents, investigate the cause, influence and responsible personnel of complaint event. Based on aforesaid investigation results, the complaint acceptance institution shall determine further actions and the schedule to implement such actions, determine the measures to relieve and solve the influence of such event, propose measures to prevent such type of events from happening again, and recognize the channel of complaint contents to make further connection. Complaints in the aspect of environment issues: the complaint acceptance institution shall propose handling opinion within two weeks; if the complaining person is unsatisfied with the opinion by the complaint acceptance office, he/she may file complaints to the county or municipal environmental protection bureau in written form within 1 month, and 146 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan the related county or municipal environmental protection bureau shall give handling opinion within the regulated period. If the complaining person is still unsatisfied with the handling opinion by the county or municipal environmental protection bureau, he/she may file complaint to the superior environmental protection authority after receiving such handling opinion. Complaints regarding social issues: stage 1: the affected person may propose his/her unsatisfaction to the local village administrative committee/community residents committee or town-level government/street administration in form of oral complaint or written complaint. The local village administrative committee/community residents committee or town-level government/street administration must preserve one written record for oral complaint and give a clear reply within 2 weeks. Stage 2: if the complaining person is still unsatisfied with handling decision at stage 1, he/she may file oral or written complaint to the local township or town after receiving such decision; if it is oral complaint, the involved township or town shall give handling and make written record. The township or town shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 3: if the migrant is still unsatisfied with the decision by the town or township, he/she may propose complaint to the complaint acceptance office of county PMO. The county/district PMO shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 4: if the person is still unsatisfied with the decision by county/district PMO, after receiving such decision by PMO, he/she may file complaint to the provincial PMO. The provincial PMO shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 5: if the complaining person is still unsatisfied with the handling result by the provincial PMO, after receiving such decision by the provincial PMO, the complaining person may file lawsuit to civil court according to Civil Procedure Law. If the affected person is still unsatisfied with the decision at stage 2, he/she may, after receiving the decision, file complaint to the administrative departments with jurisdiction level by level in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China for arbitration. If the affected person is still unsatisfied with the award of arbitration, he/she may, after receiving such award of arbitration, file lawsuit to the civil court in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law. 147 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 3） Monitoring and Tracking Grievance Regularly review feedback received, cases resolved and GR trends in project management meetings. 4） Communication for Effective GRMs 9.3.4.3 Contents and methods of replying to complaints (1) Contents of reply ① Overview of unsatisfaction of complaining person. ② Results of fact investigation. ③ Related national regulations, principles and standards of environmental protection. ④ Handling opinion and specific basis (2) Method to reply complaints ① For the complaint over individual phenomenon, reply shall adopt the method of direct delivery of written materials to complaining person. ②For frequently reflected complaint issues, notify his/her local village administrative committee in form of holding residents meeting or delivering documents. No matter which replying method is adopted, replying materials must be delivered to Hengyang County PMO. 9.3.4.4 Recording, follow-up and feedback of complaints During the period of project implementation and operation, Hengyang county PMO shall take care of the recording and management of complaint material and handling result materials, and submit them to provincial PMO in written form once every one month. The provincial PMO shall regularly inspect the complaint handling records. In order to completely record the complaints and handling of related issues, Hengyang county PMO has formed complaints and handling situation registration table. For the format of such table, please refer to Table 9-3. Table 9-3 Complaint and Grievance Registration Table 148 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Accepting unit: Time: Place: Name of Content of complaining Required solution Planned solution Actual handling complaint person Complaining Recording person person (signature) (signature) Note: 1. The recording person shall truthfully record the contents and requirements of complaints. 2. The complaining process shall not be subject to any disturbance and obstruction. 3. The planned solution shall be replied to the complaining person within regulated period. 9.3.4.5 Contact means to express complaint and grievance Hengyang PMO shall arrange full-time personnel to be specifically responsible for collecting and accepting unsatisfaction and complaints of complaining person. Its principal name, address and contact means are as follows in Table 9-4. Table 9-4 Information of Institution and Personnel Accepting Complaints Complaints accepting institution Contact Address Tel No.206, Zhengyang Avenue, Hengyang County PMO Ou Diyun 13974767763 Hengyang County 9.4 Environmental and social management training 9.4.1 Training purpose The purpose of environmental and social management training is to ensure smooth and effective launch of environmental and social management work of Hengyang County, enable relevant personnel to be familiar with contents and procedures of environmental and social management, improve environmental management capacity of environmental and social management personnel and ensure effective implementation of each environmental protection measure and social risk prevention measure. The main object of environmental capacity building is environmental and social managers. Training of environmental managers is a constituent part of technical support of the project. During the implementation of project, the training courses also train construction party and workers. Before commencement of project construction, all construction units and operation units are required to participate in mandatory environment, health and safety training. 149 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 9.4.2 Training objects Training objects include all members of environmental and social management offices in each level (provincial, municipal and county-level), project owner, representatives of environmental monitoring organization, main construction party, project point implementation organization, representatives of planting households, etc.. 9.4.3 Training contents 1. Mastery and application of environmental policies of World Bank and domestic environmental protection laws and regulations as well as environmental standards; 2. Environmental and social management model of loan project of World Bank and environmental terms in loan agreement; 3. Project environmental and social management plan; 4. Project environmental and social management provisions; 5. Responsibilities and mutual relations of environmental and social management personnel, environmental monitoring personnel and contractor; 6. Environmental and social management work report and environmental monitoring report. 9.4.4 Environmental and social management training plan and fund The capital used for training of environmental and social management plan and cost of “Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan” is listed in Table 9-5. Table 9-5 Table of capacity building and training plan Amount Unit price No. Construction content Unit Qty (10,000 Remark (Yuan) Yuan) Ability enhancement It shall be collectively 1 of government 244.58 implemented by provincial officials PMO. It is mainly about Observation in Person/ domestic and international 1.1 2.10 165000 34.65 foreign countries month training in the aspects of Training in foreign Person/ risk-based land management, 1.2 3.00 165000 49.50 agricultural environment countries month Person/ monitoring, pollution prevention, 1.3 Domestic observation 34.98 33000 115.43 policy execution and month 150 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Person/ compliance; training objects 1.4 Domestic training 30.00 15000 45.00 month include the government officials recommended by provincial and Training of county-level agricultural, agricultural environmental protection, and Person/ 2 environment 30.00 15000 45.00 land resource departments, month monitoring development and reform personnel commission, finance department and other institutions. Person/ Training of farmers in project 3 Training of farmers 1104.00 3000 331.20 month areas Project result promotion, Research and information disclosure, 4 / 80.00 promotion of results promotion and material distribution 9.5 Summary of mitigation measures of environmental and social influence For the details about the summary of mitigation measures of common environmental and social influences of this project, please refer to Table 9-6; for more details about the summarization of mitigation measures of environmental and social influences of the project, please refer to Table 9-7. 151 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 9-6 List of Mitigation Measures of Common Environmental and Social Influences Implementation Supervision Influencing factor Potential influence Mitigation measures organization organization  Select advanced and reliable low-noise equipment during equipment type selection;  Reasonably arrange construction time and prohibit construction during lunch break and at night;  Foundation damping treatment shall be conducted for machinery equipment generating relatively Environmental big noise, or vibration damping support shall be set up to bind up damping materials; Noise during construction period mainly includes noise from Protection  Noise generated during vehicle transport may have a certain impact on acoustic environment construction site and traffic noise during transport of materials. Department of Acoustic sensitive points along the line. Transport time shall be reasonably arranged and the quantity of The noise from construction site mainly includes noise County PMO Hunan Province and environment cars and driving density in the construction area shall be compressed as much as possible. generated by construction machinery equipment and noise Environmental Measures such as speed restriction and horning prohibition shall be imposed on construction generated due to material loading, unloading and collision. Protection Bureau of machinery such as vehicles; Hengyang County  All machinery equipment shall be effectively maintained and repaired on a regular basis to ensure that the equipment is in good condition and the purposes of noise reduction and extension of equipment use life are realized.  Most earthwork and stonework excavated from channels are used to backfill for the purpose of land leveling and ridge building; field farm tracks are constructed around existing ridges and all earthworks are reused in the field; During construction of irrigation facilities and field farm tracks  Activities such as roadbed excavation and filling shall be avoided during windy and rainy days; and implementation of small civil engineering works, raising  Stacking and storage of powdery construction materials used in the project such as cement, lime Environmental dust will be generated due to pavement excavation, transport, and stone shall be strictly managed and the surfaces shall be covered. Watering measure shall be Protection loading and unloading of spoils, and site trimming and adopted when necessary; Department of Atmospheric construction. Construction waste gases mainly refer to waste  Project construction shall be implemented in different sections and different areas to reduce scope County PMO Hunan Province and environment gases generated by fuel oil consuming construction machinery of raising dust; measures such as watering shall be adopted to reduce pollution of raising dust; Environmental and tail gas generated by transport vehicles. The emission  Construction machinery and vehicles with good operating condition shall be selected and used; Protection Bureau of volume of these pollutants is limited and usually only has a  Overhaul and maintenance of construction vehicles shall be strengthened. It is strictly prohibited Hengyang County certain impact on construction personnel. The influence of such to use vehicles beyond the period of intended use and with tail gas exceeding the standard. pollutants in regional environment is very small. Construction vehicles with low oil consumption and small exhaust shall be used as much as possible and high-quality fuel oil shall be selected and used as much as possible to reduce emission of hazardous gases from machinery and vehicles.  Channel construction shall be better conducted in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage may be built when necessary;  sedimentation tank shall be set up on construction site. The construction wastewater shall be collected and deposited through sedimentation tank and then reused for construction as much as possible; Construction production wastewater and domestic sewage are  Temporary latrine pits are set up within construction site. Excrements are cleared on a regular Environmental mainly included. Construction wastewater mainly includes basis and then used as farm manure according to actual living conditions in rural regions; Protection concrete maintenance wastewater and aggregate flushing water.  Construction management shall be strengthened and deflation, water emission, liquid dripping Department of Water Although the volume of this part of wastewater generated is and liquid leakage of construction machinery shall be strictly controlled; drainage system and County PMO Hunan Province and environment small, it contains a certain amount of oil contamination and water conservancy measures shall be properly implemented in temporary soil stacking area to Environmental sediments which may cause certain pollution to soil, surface prevent stacking of spoils from resulting in water and soil loss to influence water environment; Protection Bureau of water and underground water if not properly treated and instead  Each construction unit shall implement each treatment measure for handling of construction Hengyang County discharged at will. production wastewater and domestic sewage to ensure that the wastewater is properly treated and disposed;  Environmental protection education of construction personnel shall be strengthened and environment awareness of construction personnel shall be improved. The construction personnel shall not throw or dump wastes and sewage at will. 152 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan The main sources of solid wastes generated during construction period include foundation excavation, spoil (slag) after backfill, sludge generated during dredging of hilly ponds, and household garbage generated by the construction personnel. If the building  The household garbage shall be collected using garbage cans and bags set up on construction site Environmental garbage generated during construction period is not timely and then uniformly cleared and transported to household garbage landfill in the towns where the Protection disposed, it will not only influence landscape but also generate project is located for treatment and disposal; Department of raising dust under windy and dry weather conditions; the sludge  The heavy metal content of sludge from the hilly ponds shall be monitored and relevant disposal Solid wastes County PMO Hunan Province and generated during dredging of some hilly ponds may have measures shall be selected; Environmental standard-exceeding heavy metal content. If it is not properly  Spoil (slag) can be used for land leveling and backfill as well as paving of road foundation Protection Bureau of disposed, pollution will be caused to surrounding surface water without having to go far. No water slag yard is separately set up in order to reduce land Hengyang County and soil; if household garbage is not timely treated, mosquitoes occupation. will be bred, stink will be generated and diseases will be spread under moderate temperature, which will have an adverse influence on surrounding environment. Once cultural relics and historic sites are discovered during construction process, relevant personnel shall immediately inform local cultural relics preservation department and timely and properly protect Cultural relics County PMO Provincial PMO the site. Construction can be resumed only after the cultural relics department properly handles the cultural relics and historic sites discovered.  Construction noise would influence local villagers’ rest;  Construction time shall be reasonably arranged and it is prohibited to construct during lunch Social  Transport of construction materials and spoil will have a break and at night; County PMO Provincial PMO environment certain impact on local transportation;  Civilized construction shall be implemented and local customs shall be respected; 153 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 9-7 Summarization Table of Influences on Certain Points and Mitigation Measures Specific environmental Potential environmental influence Mitigation measures sensitive points  The construction within a scope of 200m around schools shall be arranged beyond school time as much as possible.  Construction camps shall be set up beyond scope of 200m around schools; construction Noise influence from construction machinery equipment (especially high-noise equipment) shall be set up beyond scope of machinery 200m around the school; Noise influence from construction  Construction transport shall be conducted beyond school access roads. However, if it transportation indeed cannot be realized, construction materials and muck shall be transported beyond school time; Ruiji Primary School  When passing around schools, transport vehicles shall slow down and avoid blowing the horn as much as possible;  Lime application shall be arranged for farmland within scope of 200m around schools beyond school time as much as possible; Influence of lime application on  Lime shall be better applied under weather condition with wind speed less than 5m/s;  Schools shall be notified ahead of time before lime application. The schools shall environmental air publicize knowledge on protection from lime and preventing the flowing lime from injuring students and teachers.  Stimulate the subsidy to farm operators or specialized harvesting cooperatives by adopting the operating mechanism of PPP model, change harvesting model (half-feeding Planting Base of harvesting to guarantee removal and utilization of weeds), increase crushed weeds Hengzhou Pomelo Influence of removed rice straw on bundling method (adopt bundling machine to harvest), and realize removal of crop straw Planting Specialized plantation of honey pomelo from project areas; Cooperative  Monitor the soil of pomelo base, adopt one sampling point in every 100 mu, 1 time/year, to determine the standard reaching status of soil;  Monitor pomelo fruits, connect sampling point with sampling point of soil in 154 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan orchard, adopt one point in every 100 mu, 1 time/harvesting season (harvesting one season of honey pomelo in every year), and determine the standard reaching status of honey pomelo fruits.  Rice with excessive heavy metal content shall be prohibited from entering the grain market and grain purchase points shall be established exclusively for purchase and storage of such rice;  In case of rice with a Cd content of over 0.2 mg/kg, a Purchase and Sales Contract shall be signed with Hunan Dingguyi Wine Industry Co., Ltd located in Disposal of rice with Risk and social impacts of Xidu Town’s Industrial Park of Hengyang County so as to enable such rice to be excessive heavy metal improper disposal of excessive Cd used as a liquor-making material and Cd in rice is mainly enriched in the by-product content content rice of lees;  The by-product of lees generated in liquor-making from excessive Cd content rice shall be monitored with the monitoring factors of as least Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Such lees as are in conformity with Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001) could be used as feed; otherwise the said lees shall be properly disposed by way of sanitary landfills and other measures. 155 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan  Form subsidy scheme to ensure the income of farming households not to be reduced. 156 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 9.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan 9.6.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring The purpose of establishment of environmental monitoring plan is to supervise the implementation of each measure so as to adjust environmental protection action plan according to monitoring results and provide basis for implementation time and implementation scheme of environmental protection measures. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to comprehensively and timely master the pollution trends of proposed project, get to know the degree of change of local environmental quality due to project construction, scope of influence and environmental quality trends during project operation, and timely feedback information to the competent department so as to provide scientific basis for environmental management of the project. The environmental monitoring plan of the proposed project can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Hengyang County. The entrusted party shall have monitoring qualification and shall take charge of acquiring and analyzing monitoring data, issuing environmental analysis report, and submitting the report to the entrusting unit which shall submit duplicate to the World Bank. The responsibilities of monitoring plan organization of the project are shown in Table 9-8 below. Table 9-8 List of Responsibilities of monitoring plan organization Implemented item Responsible unit Local environmental monitoring station or company with Acquisition of monitoring data monitoring qualification is entrusted. Data analysis The monitoring unit is responsible for acquiring and analyzing data. Preparation of environmental The monitoring unit issues an analysis report according to report monitoring data. The abovementioned monitoring plan can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Hengyang County. The entrusted environmental monitoring station shall sort and analyze monitoring data implemented, issue an environmental analysis report, and submit the report to the entrusting party which shall submit a duplicate to World Bank every quarter according to monitoring plan. 157 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan After submission of environmental analysis report, World Bank PMO of Hengyang County will uniformly manage and file the Management plan report as collected material indicating environmental impact in project implementation stage for the purpose of project completion acceptance. 9.6.2 Monitoring organization The management organization is recommended to entrust local environmental monitoring station or social environmental monitoring organization with monitoring qualification to execute monitoring plan. The development organization shall sign relevant monitoring contract with the monitoring unit before project implementation. 9.6.3 Environmental monitoring plan Sensitive points with relatively obvious pollution will be determined as monitoring points according to predicted results of environmental impact. Based on pollution conditions during project implementation period, relatively significantly affected irrigation surface water body, soil, agricultural products, and organic fertilizers and pesticide applied are selected as monitoring contents. The monitoring factors are determined according to characterization factors of the project. Monitoring analysis method of relevant project of the state is adopted. National standards determined during environmental impact assessment are executed as assessment standards. Project monitoring contents are determined according to characteristics of project and environment. See Table 9-9 for details. 1. Monitoring of irrigation surface water body (1).Point arranging principle Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up in river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area, main irrigation water inlets of main canals/branch canals and small reservoir in each key reservoir level by level. Irrigation water drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. (2).Monitoring time and frequency Monitoring year: the first and third year upon implementation of project. Monitoring frequency: 4 times within a year (March, May, July and September in case 158 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan of double cropping rice). (3).Surface water monitoring factors pH, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr6+, CODCr, NH3-N and TP (once only). 2. Monitoring of sediment from water sources for irrigation (1). Monitoring site Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all monitoring points from water sources for field irrigation matching sampling points for monitoring of irrigation surface water. One sample is collected from each monitoring site of sediment. (2). Monitoring time Once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). (3). Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. (3) Monitoring of sediment in sedimentation tank (1).Monitoring point position One sample is acquired for each sedimentation tank using quartering method. (2).Monitoring time Once every year (3).Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. 4. Arrangement of soil monitoring points (1)Point arranging principle Typical patches on flat ground with naturally good soil conditions and relatively stable combination of elements and covering an area of 2 mu or so shall be selected from the grids as sampling patches for monitoring points with the grid method and in line with the data demand of one point per 30-50 mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas. Sampling patches shall neither be located near residences, ditches, dunghills, scrap heaps and grave mounds nor be located at sloping fields, marsh lands and other spots featuring supporting landscape. Moreover, sampling patches shall be situated 159 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan far away from highways or railways beyond 50m, though no polluted sites shall be avoided or approached intentionally. (2). Monitoring project and frequency A. Monitoring of soil in the entire project area ① pH and available Cd: Once every year ② Total Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr: Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). ③Organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC): Once only throughout implementation of project B. Monitoring of soil in the selected demonstration fields In the course of implementation, two fields are selected from the project-based county (1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice located at high risk areas as much as possible) as the demonstration areas where soil sampling and monitoring are conducted in strict correspondence with farm produce. ① Monitoring factors: pH, total Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cr and available Cd. ② Monitoring frequency: Twice per crop per year, namely, on an annually basis in case of Hengyang County featuring double cropping rice. 5. Heavy metal detection of agricultural products (1).Sampling principle The sampling point of agricultural products shall be as correspondent to soil heavy metal monitoring sampling points as possible. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from every agricultural product. (2).Detection time During sampling in crop harvest period, twice per year in case of double cropping rice. (3).Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr 6. Monitoring of manure and other agricultural inputs (1). Compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer 160 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected. ② Monitoring time Once in the first year. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr. (2). Organic fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected for each batch of organic fertilizer. ② Monitoring time Each batch is monitored prior to application of organic fertilizer. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr, readily oxidized organic carbon and total carbon. (3) Other agricultural inputs, such as lime, passivator, etc. ① Sampling principle Collect three samples in every batch of passivator. ② Inspection time Before using other agricultural inputting materials, inspect every batch. ③ Inspecting factor Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr. 7. Monitoring of plant diseases and insect pests (1).Use of pesticide Record types of pesticide used in project area as well as pesticide application frequency and dosage. The monitoring frequency is once every year; (2).Conditions of farmland ecosystem Monitor morbidity of plant diseases and insect pests, quantity of injurious insects and quantity of natural enemies; The monitoring frequency is 4 times per year (seedling period, adult-plant period, fruiting period, and harvesting and picking period); 161 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan (3).Pesticide residues of crops Detect pesticide residues of agricultural products. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from each agricultural product with monitoring frequency of 2 times per year. 8. Balance monitoring 2 typical project areas are selected in the project-based country and 3 typical fields are selected for each project area. Fields selected for balance monitoring shall not be subject to any restoration measures in the course of implementation of project. Soil: 1 basic sample is collected for each typical field and is monitored on an annually basis with the monitoring factors of Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Vegetation: 3-5 samples each with 5-7 roots are collected from the upper part of rice fields at maturity stage. Irrigation water: 1 composite sample is collected at every time of field irrigation of incoming water and 8 samples are collected each year. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition: to be monitored for 2 consecutive years and samples are collected once every 3 months within a year with the simple method of sedimentation vat collection. Fertilizer: heavy metal contents in fertilizers applied to fields is counted based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring. 9. Monitoring on the orchard receiving removed straws Soil: For the orchard receiving removed straws, implement sampling and monitoring based on grid distribution according to the data requirement of one point per 100 mu. Implement soil monitoring once every year, and inspect Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Fruit: Connect fruit sampling point with orchard soil sampling point. The monitoring frequency of orchard shall be 1 time/harvesting season, and inspect Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. 10. Monitoring of byproduct distillers’ grains from wine made of rice with out-of-limit cadmium Monitor Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr; collect three samples in every batch of distillers’ grains, and inspect each batch. 162 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 9-9 Project Environmental Monitoring Plan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Farmland irrigation water source detection points are located at river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated Monitoring year: the first land in project area, and third year upon main irrigation water implementation of the Procedural regulations pH, Cd, Pb, 6+ inlets of main project. regarding the environment Qualified Provincial Irrigation surface As, Hg, Cr , canals/branch canals Monitoring frequency: 4 quality monitoring of water for 472 124,608 organization and county water CODCr, NH3-N and small reservoir in times within a year agricultural use entrusted PMOs and TP (once each key reservoir (March, May, July and (NY/T396-2000) only) level by level. September in case of Irrigation water double cropping rice). drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all Twice, namely, once in the monitoring points pH, total Cd, first year and once at the Sediment from from water sources Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Pb, As, Hg, Cr end of the implementation irrigation water for field irrigation Environmental Monitoring 432 9,504 organization and county and water of project (for sources matching sampling (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs soluble Cd. implementation effect points for monitoring review). of irrigation surface water. One sample is collected from each 163 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) monitoring site of sediment. One sample is acquired pH, Cd, Pb, As, Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial Sediment in for each sedimentation Hg, Cr and Once every year environmental monitoring 432 28,512 organization and county sedimentation tank tank using quartering available Cd (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs method. pH and On an annually basis 100 156,000 available Cd Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the Total Cd, Pb, One point per 30-50 end of the implementation 300 156,000 As, Hg and Cr mu in mountain areas of project (for Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil and one per 50-100 implementation effect Environmental Monitoring organization and county mu in vast of flat review). (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Organic matter areas and cation exchange Once only in the first year 100 26,000 capacity (CEC) Two fields are selected: 1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice pH, total Cd, During sampling in crop Soil in located at high risk Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial As, Pb, Hg, Cr harvest period, twice per demonstration areas as much as Environmental Monitoring 418.5 125,550 organization and county and available year in case of double fields possible. One point (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Cd cropping rice. per 30-50 mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas Cd, Pb, As, Hg Product sampling Samples are collected National food safety standard: Qualified Provincial Agricultural products 352 1,098,240 and Cr points shall match during harvest period and Determination of cadmium in foods organization and county 164 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) sampling points for are monitored per crop per (GB 5009.15-2014); National food entrusted PMOs monitoring of soil year on an annually basis safety standard: Determination of heavy metals as much in case of double cropping lead in foods (GB 5009.12-2010); as possible and more rice. National food safety standard: than 5 composite Determination of total mercury and samples shall be organic-mercury in foods (GB collected for each 5009.17-2014); National food safety sample standard: Determination of chromium in foods (GB 5009.123-2014); National food safety standard: Determination of total arsenic and abio-arsenic in foods (GB 5009.11-2014) Monitoring of Qualified Provincial compound fertilizer Cd, Pb, As, Hg 3 samples are Once only in the first year / 500 1,500 organization and county and and Cr collected entrusted PMOs phosphate fertilizer Cadmium content in organic fertilizer shall be limited below 1 mg/kg and the proportion of readily oxidizable organic 3 samples are carbon content in total carbon Qualified Provincial Monitoring of Cd, Pb, As, Hg collected for each Twice per year content shall not exceed 15%. 500 18,000 organization and county organic fertilizer and Cr batch of fertilizer For other restrains, refer to the entrusted PMOs standard of organic fertilizer from the Ministry of Agriculture - Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012) Other agricultural Collect three samples Qualified Provincial inputs, such as Cd, Pb, As, Hg Monitor 1 time in every in every batch of / 500 18,000 organization and county lime, passivator, and Cr batch purchased passivator entrusted PMOs etc. 165 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Types, frequency and dosage of Type, frequency and pesticide; Monitoring of crops dosage of pesticide used, morbidity of and pesticide residues morbidity of plant plant diseases in agricultural diseases and insect pests, and insect pests, products shall be quantity of injurious National Standards for Food Monitoring of plant Qualified Provincial quantity of made a key to each insects and natural Safety - Maximum Residue diseases and insect / 30,000 organization and county injurious insects project area with more enemies are monitored on Limits for Pesticides in Food pests entrusted PMOs and quantity of than five composite an annually basis. (GB2763-2014); natural enemies; samples being Pesticide residues in output of collected for each agricultural products are agricultural farm product sample. monitored once per crop products and per year. pesticide residues 2 typical project areas 1 basic sample is collected are selected and 3 Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil: Cd, As, for each typical field and typical fields are Environmental Monitoring 300 10,800 organization and county Pb, Hg and Cr is monitored on an selected for each (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs annually basis project area. Each sample with 5-7 Vegetation: roots is collected from 3-5 samples, twice per Qualified Provincial Cd, As, Pb, Hg the upper part of rice year in case of double / 352 21,120 organization and county Balance and Cr fields at maturity cropping rice. entrusted PMOs monitoring stage Irrigation 1 composite sample is Technical Specification for water: ph, Cd, Qualified Provincial collected at every 8 samples are collected Environmental Quality Pb, As, Hg, 472 22,656 organization and county 6+ time of field irrigation each year Monitoring of Agricultural Cr , CODCr, entrusted PMOs of incoming water Water Source (NY/T396-2000) NH3-N and TP Atmospheric Two points in total, To be monitored for 2 Technical Specification for Qualified Provincial dry and wet one for each typical consecutive years and Automatic Monitoring of 600 9,600 organization and county deposition project area samples are collected once Environmental Air Quality entrusted PMOs 166 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) every 3 months within a (HJ/T 193-2005) year Specification for Monitoring of Environmental Air Quality (No.4 Notice of the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2007) Qualified Provincial Fertilizer Based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring / / organization and county entrusted PMOs Technical Standard of Soil Qualified Provincial One point in every Soil 1 time/year Environment Monitoring (HJ/T 300 36,000 organization and county 100 mus 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Food Safety National Standard – Testing of Cadmium in Food (GB 5009.15-2014); Food Safety National Standard – Testing of Lead in Food (GB Monitor of orchard Connect sampling 5009.12-2010); Food Safety receiving straws 1 time/harvesting season point with orchard National Standard – Testing of Qualified Provincial removed from field (harvesting one season in Fruit soil sampling point, Mercury and Organic Mercury in 352 42,240 organization and county every year for orange adopt one point in Food (GB 5009.17-2014); Food entrusted PMOs candy) every 100 mu Safety National Standard – Testing of Chromic in Food (GB 5009.123-2014); Food Safety National Standard – Testing of Total Arsenicin Food (GB 5009.11-2014); Monitoring of byproduct Adopt three samples Qualified Provincial Cd, As, Pb, Hg Monitor 1 time in every Feed Sanitary Standard (GB distillers’ grains in every batch of 500 18,000 organization and county and Cr batch 13078-2001) from wine made of distillers' grains entrusted PMOs rice with 167 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) out-of-limit cadmium 1,952,300 Subtotal Yuan 275,700 Sampling expense and others Yuan 2,228,000 Total monitoring expense Yuan 168 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 9.6.4 Monitoring report system The monitoring unit shall submit a formal monitoring report after end of each monitoring task and submit it to relevant departments level by level as per procedure. Quarterly report and annual report shall be provided during operation period. Upon occurrence of sudden accidents, they must be immediately reported. The monitoring report procedure of this project is shown in Figure 9-3 below. Environmental Protection Project management organization Department of Hunan Province Environmental Protection Bureau of Environmental Protection Bureau of Environmental monitoring Herngyang City Hengyang County organization Figure 9-3 Diagram of monitoring report procedure 9.7 Estimation of environmental and social management expenses The total investment of environmental protection and social risk prevention to be listed in this project is RMB 8.228 million yuan; for more details, please refer to Table 9-10. Table 9-10 Environmental and Social Management Expenses of this Project Estimated Environmental No. Content of measures investment (10 and social factors thousand yuan) Acoustic Construction equipment foundation shock absorption 1 20 environment or setting vibration attenuation base or other measures Cover the surface of powder materials, dust Atmospheric 2 suppression with water or other measures during 20 environment construction period Water 3 temporary dry toilet within construction site, water 160 environment and soil preservation measures, etc. Dregs transportation, absorb and balance at construction site; collect living garbage and 4 Solid waste collectively transport to the living garbage dump; 100 transportation of dredge sediment and other handling measures, etc. 169 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Monitoring of irrigation surface water, irrigation Monitoring sediment, sedimentation tank sediment, soil, expense during agricultural products, fertilizer and agricultural 5 project inputting materials, plant diseases and insect pests, 222.8 implementation heavy metal balance, orchard receiving removed period straws, byproduct distillers’ grains from wine made of rice with out-of-limit cadmium, etc. Compensate for agricultural product price lower than Control of 6 government purchasing price caused from rice failing 300 out-of-limit rice to reach standard 822.8 9.8 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan 9.8.1 Information communication The environmental management requests necessary information communication among different departments and posts of PMO, project construction unit and project implementation organization within the organization. Meanwhile, relevant information shall be notified to outside (related parties, social public, etc.). Internal information communication can be carried out by various means such as meeting and internal briefing. However, a formal meeting shall be convened once every month. All communicated information shall be recorded and archived. External information communication shall be conducted once every half a year or every year. Information communication with collaborative units shall form minutes and shall be archived. 9.8.2 Recording mechanism In order to realize effective operation of environmental management system, the organization must establish a complete recording system and preserves the records involving the following aspects: (1) Statutory and regulatory requirements; (2) Permission; (3) Environmental factors and related environmental impacts; (4) Training; (5) Inspection, checking and maintenance activities; 170 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan (6) Monitoring data; (7) Effectiveness of corrective and preventive measures; (8) Information of related parties; (9) Audit; (10) Review Besides, it is also required to conduct necessary control over various records mentioned above, including identification, collection, cataloguing, filing, storage, management, maintenance, query, preservation term and disposal of records. 9.8.3 Reporting mechanism During project implementation, project construction unit, project implementation organization, monitoring unit and PMO shall record project progress, ESIA execution conditions and environmental monitoring results and timely report to relevant departments. Contents of the following six parts are mainly included: (1) The project implementation organization and project construction unit shall record project progress and ESIA execution conditions in detail on a quarterly basis, timely submit the quarterly report to each PMO, and meanwhile copy the quarterly report to Environmental Protection Bureau of Hengyang County. (2) After completing entrusted monitoring tasks, the monitoring unit shall timely submit the monitoring report to PMO and meanwhile copy it to Environmental Protection Bureau of Hengyang County. (3) PMO of Hengyang County shall timely submit project progress report to provincial PMO and meanwhile copy to Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Province. The project progress report (e.g. monthly report, quarterly report and annual report) must include contents of ESIA progress, e.g. execution progress and effect of ESIA and especially environmental monitoring results. (4) The annual ESIA execution report of the project must be completed and submitted to the World Bank before March 31 next year. ESIA execution report may include the following main contents: 171 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan a. Implementation conditions of training plan; b. Condition of project progress; c. Execution conditions of environmental protection measures of the project, launching conditions of environmental monitoring and main monitoring results; d. Check if there are public complaints. If a complaint occurs, the main contents of the complaint, solution and degree of satisfaction of the public shall be recorded; e. ESIA execution plan in next year 9.8.4 Document management During implementation of project, the World Bank, leading committee of the project and provincial PMO as well as county project leading team, county PMO, environmental impact assessment unit, social impact assessment unit and construction unit shall manage relevant documents. The details are shown in Table 9-11 below. 172 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Table 9-11 Document management requirements of each organization Name of organization Document management ①Construction unit 1. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction every week and submit to county PMO; 2. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction and submit to county PMO upon emergency and sudden condition; 3. Complete rectification within 3 working days (within 10 working days if coordination of management organization is needed) and file documents after receiving notice of rectification. ② Unit with construction project 1. Prepare contents of ESIA and file first draft, draft for environmental impact assessment review and approved draft. qualification certificate ③ Unit with qualification certificate of evaluating the social influences of construction projects ④ Project leading committee and 1. Properly record, sort and file complained contents during provincial PMO project construction and operation; 2. Record conditions reported by construction unit every quarter and submit relevant report (statement) to provincial PMO; 3. Sign for site checklist of construction unit and verify and file environmental sensitive problems; 4. Manage and file notice of rectification reported. ⑤ Project leading committee and 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation and filing of provincial PMO ESIA; 2. Record conditions reported by leading team and PMO in each project point every half a year and submit relevant report to the World Bank for filing; 3. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems and record and file specific measure conditions. ⑥World Bank 1. Record and file conditions reported by provincial project leading team and PMO every half a year. 173 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Chapter 10 Conclusion 10.1 Project brief The project is a Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Hengyang, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production. The contents of project construction mainly include four parts, respectively the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation. Hengyang County has three project areas, including Hongshi Town Project Area, Xidu Town Project Area and Taiyuan Town Project Area. (1) Project area of Hongshi Town Hongshi Town covers a total project area of 529.5 hectares. The soil cadmium content is mainly within the scope of 0.3~0.6 mg/kg followed by the scope of 0.6~0.9 mg/kg, so its pollution grade brings a medium risk. All the 37 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1980s, and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area. (2) Project area of Xidu Town Xidu Town covers a total area of 397.25 hectares. The soil cadmium content in the project area is mainly within 0.3~0.6mg/kg followed by ≤0.3mg/kg, so its pollution grade 174 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan belongs to the low risk level. All the 38 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area. (3) Project area of Taiyuan Town Taiyuan Town covers a project area of 445.59 hectares. The soil cadmium content is mainly within 0.3~0.6 mg/kg followed by 0.6~0.9 mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the low risk level. All the 37 rice samples in the project area have the heavy metal pollution risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Zhengshui River. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal and these canals have a low standard and cannot guarantee the flooding irrigation demands in the project area. 10.2 Current situation of environment (1) Investigation and evaluation results of the current situation of surface water environment The irrigation water source of project area is Zhengshui River, the monitoring results indicates that monitoring factors of each cross section of Zhengshui River (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). (2) Investigation and evaluation results of the current situation of soil quality Based on the monitoring result of soil in project areas, farmlands in the project area of Xidu Town contain excessive content of cadmium and arsenic. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.30—0.54mg/k exceeding 0.06-0.8 times of the standard value, while the arsenic content is within 6.62—45.1mg/kg exceeding 0.14-0.5 times of the standard value. Farmlands in the project area of Hongshi Town contain excessive content of cadmium, 175 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan arsenic and mercury. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.30—0.83mg/kg exceeding 0.06-1.76 times of the standard value, the arsenic content is within 3.56—91.4mg/kg exceeding 0.2-2.04 times of the standard value, and the mercury content is within 0.037—1.28mg/kg which is 0.31-3.26mg/kg higher than the standard value. Farmlands in the project area of Taiyuan County contain excessive content of cadmium, arsenic and mercury. In which, the cadmium content is within 0.32—0.68mg/kg exceeding 0.06-1.26 times of the standard value, the arsenic content is within 6.36—47.7mg/kg exceeding 0.013-0.59 times of the standard value, and the mercury content is within 0.021—0.58mg/kg exceeding 0.1-0.93 times of the standard value. (3) Investigation and evaluation of the current situation of sediment of irrigation canals Based on the monitoring result of sediment of irrigation canals, the sediment of irrigation canals in the Xidu Town Project Area and Taiyuan Town Project Area of Hengyang County didn’t exceed the Grade III standard of the Soil Environment Quality Standard (GB15618-1995), the sediment of irrigation canals in the Tianfang Group of Hongshi Town Project Area exceeded the Grade III standard of the Soil Environment Quality Standard (GB15618-1995), and the cadmium exceeded the limit by 0.8 times. 10.3 Analysis of influence on project environment and mitigation measures Civil construction activities related to Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County consist of two categories: ①Small civil engineering, including the construction of sedimentation tanks, repair of the small field roads (only involving the road leveling and reinforcement without increasing the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel); ② the field irrigation channel engineering construction, including the drainage channel and irrigation system renovation. The project civil engineering construction activities may exert some impact on the water environment, ambient atmosphere, acoustic environment and ecological environment during the construction period. 176 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Civil construction engineering activities in Hengyang County are actually conducted on a smaller scale. The project is located in the farmland in the immediate vicinity. Project and the surrounding area have no environmentally sensitive districts and the project scale is actually very small. The project construction workers are no more than 5-10 persons without any need of building the construction camp. Moreover, the project is not involved with land expropriation, dismantling and relocation and ethnic minorities. It is likely to produce dust, noise, waste water (sewage) and solid waste, etc., in the construction process, the impact of which is temporary and insignificant as they are only limited within the construction scope and may be immediately gone with the conclusion of the engineering construction. In the agricultural activities of Hengyang County, the factors generating influence on the environment include: flooding irrigation, liming (soil acidification to adjust pH value), use of organic fertilizer and fertilizer, use of soil passivator, use of pesticide, disposal of agricultural material wastes, etc. During the period of rice filling and heading, flooding irrigation could reduce absorption of heavy metals into rice. Use of lime could adjust pH value of soil and reduce the absorption of heavy metals into crops. But excessive use of lime could cause soil hardening. If not adopting protective measures, the use of lime could affect the health of liming personnel. The use of organic fertilizer could improve physicochemical property of soil, but use of unqualified organic fertilizer could bring secondary pollution of heavy metal to farmland soil. Use of soil passivator could reduce the heavy metal activity in soil. Removal of straws from field could remove heavy metal in straws from farmland, so as to reduce heavy metal in farmland soil. Therefore, although the construction scheme of this project would bring certain environmental influence, such influence could be avoided or reduced by adopting related environmental protection measures, and the influence on construction period will be little and temporary; while implementing this project could enhance grain safety and improve people’s living quality, so it is a project benefiting livelihood and would bring long-term benefit to the society and environment. 177 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan 10.4 Analysis of social influence of project and mitigation measures All the agricultural activities of Hengyang County are carried out in farmland and will not involve land acquisition, demolition and ethnic minorities. Generally speaking, the Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land project would generate positive influence on the society since it can improve the soil in project areas, enhance the quality of agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition of project areas, improve the ecological environment of project areas, promote the social and economic development of project areas, enhance farmers’ quality, enhance comprehensive agricultural service level, benefit the popularization of advanced agricultural technology, and promote the enhancement of agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention and treatment. While the possible transformation of agricultural production structure, acquisition of partial lands and involved claims of interest would be its main negative social influences; as long as realizing rationality and legality and proper compensation in land acquisition, its negative social influences can be basically eliminated. 10.5 Conclusion Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan in Hengyang County involves the Hongshi Town Project Area, Xidu Town Project Area and Taiyuan Town Project Area, whose managed farmland area is 1,372.34 hectares; the project construction contents include the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation; the project would make risk level evaluation on the farmlands of selected project areas, and select proper comprehensive technical management measures for demonstration, strengthen the control of farmland pollution source and farmland pollution risks, and enhance the safe utilization level of agricultural resources, so as to produce safe food. Implementation of this project could enhance food safety, and improve people’s living quality, so it is a project benefiting livelihood and having significant environmental benefit 178 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan and social benefit, whose positive influences are the majority. The negative influences are mainly in the aspects of atmosphere environment, water environment, acoustic environment, etc., and mainly occur during the engineering construction process, so the degree of influence would be very little. After adopting the related environmental protection measures, the various negative influences can be effectively controlled. Therefore, it is believed through the general evaluation from the perspective of environmental protection that there are no restrictive factors influencing environment and society in the project of Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan in Hengyang County, Hunan Province, and the project construction is feasible. 179 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Appendix 1 Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Hengyang County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Small Civil Engineering Works Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 Environmental Protection Procedure of Small Civil Engineering Works 1. Bid invitation and bidding (1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures. (3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures. 2. General provisions (1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure. (2) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced 1 construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (3) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (4) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (5) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. The construction time shall be strictly controlled within 8:00~20:00. Construction shall be stopped during lunch break (12:00~14:00) to ensure normal rest of residents at night. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. (6) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (7) Based on weather conditions, the involved personnel must timely water the construction site to suppress dust. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. 3. Environmental protection provisions on construction site preparation This project will not involve land acquisition; the temporary sites such as construction site and mixing site are set at the waste land or dry land with scarce plantation; the setting and use of temporary site would involve the ecological issues such as plantation damage, water and soil loss, influence on landscape, etc., and involve the influence on water 2 environment, acoustic environment and atmosphere environment, so it needs to be carefully treated. (1) Common environmental requirements for selection of temporary construction sites ①Temporary sites shall be kept far away from rivers. It is usually prohibited to set up temporary sites within a range of 200m away from river bank; ②Types of land occupation: Temporary land shall be selected in wasteland or dry bottomland with sparse vegetation as much as possible; ③Less occupation of land: The area of temporary land occupied shall be strictly controlled. Farmland shall be occupied as little as possible. Temporary sites can be set up within the scope of land occupation of roads. Also, one parcel of land can be used for multiple purposes. For example, a parcel of land can be used as stockyard and also mixing yard. In addition, spoil ground shall be set up first and then mixing yard can be established based on construction sequence so as to reduce the area of land temporarily acquired. (2) Special environmental requirements for site selection of various temporary sites Since different temporary sites have different environmental influences, the environmental requirements for site selection of different sites also differ: ①Stockyard: It shall be set up far away from residential area. It shall be selected along the downwind direction of perennial prevailing wind direction of environmental sensitive point. The distance shall be beyond 300m; ②Cement and concrete mixing yard: Cement and concrete mixing yard shall be set up 300m away from the downwind direction of perennial prevailing wind direction of environmental sensitive point. (3) Site survey shall be carried out ahead of time before entry into construction site. Specific position of construction site shall be reasonably arranged according to status quo of environment of the construction site. 4. Environmental protection provisions on society (1) Management of land acquisition ①Since permanent or temporary land occupation of the project results in reduction of local residents’ acreage under cultivation, decline of yield and reduction of income, the development organization shall timely offer relevant economic compensation to reduce the influence of the project on residents’ lives. As for young crops, crops, etc. on the acquired 3 land, the compensation will be made according to yield of crops in current season; if no young crops are involved, compensation will be made according to actual input in current quarter. Land compensation fee shall be executed in strict accordance with relevant regulations including Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and Rules of Implementation of Land Administration in Hunan Province. ②If land acquisition of the project is involved, the local government shall take charge of land acquisition work. The issue shall be settled after negotiation of land and resource administrative departments in each level and project towns. The development organization shall formulate reasonable land acquisition plan and execution scheme before commencement as well as pay land acquisition fee according to relevant policies and standards. ③The principle of “a fixed sum is for a fixed purpose” must be implemented for the use of compensation fee which shall be timely distributed to relevant village groups and individuals as stipulated. Meanwhile, effective publicity approach shall be utilized to vigorously publicize relevant economic settlement compensation policy of the state. (2) Management measures against influence on farmland and water conservancy along the line ①Parallel operation shall be adopted during earth borrowing in construction. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. ②Works involving relocation of farmland water channels and electric pump stations shall be constructed in non-irrigation period as much as possible in order to ensure unimpeded farmland water channels and prevent water and soil loss. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period. (3) Management measures against influence on infrastructure including existing transportation ①As for all public facilities and structures influenced by the proposed project, the contractor shall take all proper measures to protect such facilities and structures during construction period of the proposed project. ②Protective measures shall be properly adopted to protect infrastructure within scope of roadbed including existing road, communication, electric power, and pipeline network facilities to prevent damages. 4 ③The transport of raw and auxiliary materials or use of large machinery may damage local roads. Therefore, such roads shall be timely repaired during and after construction, or compensation fee shall be paid to local road administrative department for repair. ④The development organization shall properly make a transport plan. Road materials shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours of local roads in order to avoid causing traffic blockage and reduce traffic accidents. ⑤As for excavation work close to public facilities, the contractor shall inform relevant department and invite representative from such department to be present during construction. (4) Environmental protection provisions on traffic ①Project construction in sections shall be adopted as much as possible and excavation and backfill work shall be completed within a period as short as possible. ②Construction methods shall be determined section by section based on project contents and scale. It is required to not only reduce investment but also ensure project quality. Construction method combining advancing and excavation shall be implemented to avoid traffic interruption and blockage. ③Signboards around construction points shall be properly set up in consideration of influence of construction on access of targeted groups. Special personnel are set up at the intersection to take charge of traffic dredging and assurance of pedestrians’ safety. ④The construction unit shall post relevant announcement in project construction area one week before project implementation to inform the residents of influence of project construction ahead of time and obtain their understanding. 5. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of physical cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of 5 cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of cultural heritage are shown in Figure 5-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and excavated indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out. 6 Figure 5-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction period 6. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to 7 high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets. 7. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures During the period from foundation excavation to backfill and covering during construction period, the construction site shall be enclosed in order to prevent generation of raising dust from construction. Under the condition that it is continuously sunny and windy during construction, watering or green covering net shall be adopted at the temporary stacking and storage place of excavated earthwork for covering so as to prevent generation of raising dust. The construction unit shall timely dispose spoil as planned and use canvass to cover the carriage of trucks used to transport residual earth during loading (keep enclosed transport of vehicles) as well as carry out watering on transport route without earth pavement. Meanwhile, it is required to avoid excavation of earthwork and handling of materials in windy days. The loading vehicles shall not be overloaded. Certain measures shall be adopted to ensure that the residual earth transport vehicles do not scatter materials along the journey. Before driving of vehicles, mud on the wheels shall be cleaned using sweeper to prevent falling of spoil along the journey to influence environmental tidiness. Meanwhile, clean-keeping system shall be implemented on construction road and spoil shall be timely cleaned if any. The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize 8 the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures 9 ①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment. 8. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence (1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent flushing of such materials from flowing into the river together with rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm. (2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater flushing and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body. (5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or 10 existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is. 9. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized. The remaining materials may be timely cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization. 11 10. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment (1) Vegetation protection measures ①Existing farmland and trees shall be properly protected. It is recommended to carry out relevant training of construction personnel before use of temporary land. Civilized work shall be emphasized during construction and damages beyond the work shall not be caused. Management shall be strengthened and trees and vegetation within temporary land shall be strictly and properly protected to reduce damages of surrounding ecological environment in project areas. ②Construction, greening, slope protection and construction of drainage ditch shall be simultaneously implemented. It is strongly recommended to realize simultaneous use, leveling, greening and secondary ploughing. However, in consideration of feasibility, leveling and greening shall be emphasized after end of project. ③As for temporary land occupation, it shall be timely leveled and reclaimed or greening and land construction shall be conducted after end of project. ④Green vegetation beyond the scope of land shall be protected as much as possible. If the existing green vegetation is damaged due to construction of temporary works, it shall be recovered during demolition of temporary works. ⑤Area of vegetation damaged during project construction shall be strictly controlled. Besides unavoidable project land occupation and felling, no other form of man-made damage shall take place. ⑥Strengthen education of protection of natural resources and wild animals for construction personnel and stipulate in the employment contract that it is strictly prohibited to fell trees at will. (2) Cultivated land protection measures ①Unnecessary land occupation shall be reduced or avoided during construction as much as possible. Operation shall be carried out according to greening design requirements within scope of project land. ②Occupation of cultivated land shall be reduced as much as possible. Earth borrow 12 and abandoning shall be combined with agricultural development planning and design and basic construction of farmland so as to provide conveniences for development of local economy and solving of local actual difficulties. ③Project greening shall carefully implement requirements of relevant policies. If it is cultivated land around the project, width of greenbelts shall be strictly controlled. (3) Greening measures ①Plant protection measures in directly affected areas: There are several land types in directly affected areas, namely, cultivated land, waste slope (wasteland) and grassland. The greening principle in the directly affected areas is that the original land utilization types shall be recovered after completion of main works. Therefore, after completion of project, land remediation of cultivated land shall be carried out to reclaim the land to farmland; after completion of project, land remediation of waste slope and grassland shall be carried out to create forests mixing trees and shrubs or plant high-quality grass. ②Other greening measures for land occupation: It is mainly to recover farmland and vegetation damaged by place with earth borrowed. 11. Environmental protection provisions on construction site During site selection of the project, the following requirements shall be observed according to site selection requirements of construction site and based on actual circumstances of project. ① Rent villagers’ residences around project areas and set up household garbage collection points or garbage collecting cans. ② Construction personnel shall abide by local village regulations and nongovernmental agreements, implement civilized construction, and properly handle relationship with local residents. ③ Wastewater sedimentation tank is set up for setting of production site. After sedimentation, production wastewater is reused for construction work and is not discharged out. The domestic sewage is collected and treated in toilets of villagers’ residences and then used by local farmers for farmland fertilization. 13 12. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety and health of construction personnel. (1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations; (4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.); (5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time; (6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-driven equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks); 14 (8) Guardrails (one middle bar and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users; (10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases. 15 Appendix 2 Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Field Irrigation Facility Construction Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 16 Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land is a project implemented in order to improve quality and safety of agricultural products and safeguard people’s life health in consideration of the severe situation of heavy metal pollution of cultivated land in Hunan Province. In order to maintain normal implementation of the project, realize use of clean and standard-reaching irrigation water sources during implementation of the project, and provide guarantee for smooth implementation of the project and obtaining of expected effect, the field irrigation facilities in the project areas are hereby reconstructed and perfected. The construction contents of field irrigation facilities in Hengyang County include reconstruction of drainage channels and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditches. 1. Bid invitation and bidding (1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures. (3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the 1 construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures. 2. General provisions (1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure. (2) The construction unit is required to entrust a qualified unit to conduct construction supervision and supervise and urge construction unit to implement each environmental protection measure. (3) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (4) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (5) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (6) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as 2 possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. (7) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (8) During work on construction site and construction of canal embankments, watering shall be timely conducted to reduce dust based on weather conditions. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. (9) Formulate construction plan and carry out construction of channel works. The influence of construction period on use of irrigation water in farmland along the river bank shall be considered. Construction shall be better implemented in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage shall be built when necessary to ensure irrigation water of farmland. 3. Construction site management measures The project construction unit must abide by the following management measures to minimize adverse environmental influence caused from the construction site. (1) Working hours The construction time is within 8:00~20:00. Construction shall be stopped during lunch break (12:00~14:00). Meanwhile, construction at night is restricted. Besides, when it is unavoidable to construct at night, surrounding residents shall be notified and relevant formalities shall be handled. Moreover, measures shall be adopted to reduce influence on such residents. Access of construction transport vehicles shall comply with requirements of local government; (2) Borrow area and spoil (slag) ground 3 It is not required to borrow earth during construction according to engineering features of irrigation facilities involved in this project. Therefore, no borrow area is set up. During construction, “zero balancing” of earthwork and stonework is realized through reasonable allocation and transport of excavation. No spoil ground is set up. (3) Wastewater sedimentation tank is set up on construction site. The construction wastewater is reused for construction work after sedimentation and it is not discharged outside. Instead, the domestic sewage is collected and treated in the toilets of villager’s residence and then used by local farmers for farmland fertilization. (4) Public information platform ①Set up construction nameplate in eye-catching position to make clear of name of project, scope of construction site, names of development organization, construction organization, supervision unit and regulatory body, name of project leader, date of completion and supervision and complaint hotline, specific environmental protection measures, etc.; ②The construction unit shall post letter of notification of commencement around the site 7 days before planned commencement of the project. The letter of notification shall contain information such as project overview, construction plan, names of units responsible for construction, name of project leader, complaint hotline, etc..; ③Construction at night is restricted. The influence of construction at night on surrounding environment shall be controlled and residents shall be informed ahead of time under special circumstances in order to obtain their understanding; ④The construction unit shall post notice to inform the public in project points and around affected residents and enterprises 5 days before service interruption (including water, electricity, communication, traffic, etc.). (5) Accident risk prevention The construction unit shall formulate accident prevention plan ahead of time and set up person in charge of emergency accident. Once an accident occurs, the construction unit may seek help from relevant department; (6) People’s safety and health 4 Construction site shall be isolated and enclosed and traffic signs and guard bars shall be set up to ensure pedestrians’ safety; safety training shall be carried out for construction personnel before construction and personal protection facilities shall be provided and required for mandatory use; ensure that materials containing asbestos or other toxic substances are disassembled and handled by specially trained workers; all work shall be stopped in case of rainstorm or any emergency. (7) Prohibited matters It is prohibited to fell trees at will beyond the approved construction area; it is prohibited to use unapproved toxic substances, such as lead paint and asbestos; it is prohibited to use open fire or let workers to use alcohol. 4. Construction site construction and facility management measures 4.1 Management of construction building materials Building materials used in the construction of irrigation facility works mainly include sand, stone, cement, quick lime, raw wood, steel and brick. If these building materials are not properly handled during transport, storage and use, different degrees of influence will be imposed on the environment. Therefore, relevant environmental protection prevention and control measures shall be adopted to minimize such influence. The proposed management measures during transport, storage and use of construction building materials during construction of irrigation facility works are shown as follows: (1) Low-noise vehicles shall be used. The daytime transport shift system shall be strictly executed and management shall be strengthened to reduce number of times of transport at night under abnormal conditions; (2) Speed restriction control measure is adopted for transport vehicles. When passing through environmental protection objectives (e.g. hospitals, residential areas, schools, etc.), the vehicles shall slow down; (3) Vehicle access signboard shall be set up. Vehicle drivers shall drive the vehicles in a civilized way to ensure safe transport; 5 (4) Powdery materials such as cement and lime shall be canned or bagged. Bulk transport is prohibited; vehicles transporting aggregates and construction materials shall be provided with anti-scattering equipment. Excessive loading shall be avoided to prevent materials from being blown up by big wind. It is strictly forbidden to let such materials raise dust and scattered during journey of transport. Felt cloth must be covered; transport route and time shall be properly planned to reduce the influence on environmental sensitive points (areas) as much as possible; (5) Place for stacking of powdery building materials shall be selected 300m along the downwind direction of environmental sensitive point. Stocking volume shall be reduced and should be used in time. Wind-proof and rain-proof measures should be taken when the materials are stacked, and if necessary, fences should be erected and water should be sprayed regularly to prevent dust rising. Felt cloth shall be added under severe weather conditions; (6) Construction vehicles must be checked on a regular basis and damaged carriages shall be timely repaired to reduce scattering of building materials and wastes of vehicles during driving; (7) Management of transmission and use of powdery materials shall be strengthened during construction period. Watering and cleaning shall be conducted for working faces easily generating secondary raising dust. 4.2 Management of construction equipment Construction equipment used for construction of irrigation facility works mainly includes excavator, blender, vibratory unit and tamping machine. Noise and tail gas generated by such construction equipment during construction as well as possible deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and liquid leakage would have an influence on environmental elements in the project areas. In order to minimize such adverse influence, it is planned to adopt the following management measures: (1) Construction equipment shall be stored according to construction area divided. It is not allowed to park construction equipment at will beyond the construction site in order 6 to avoid increase of area of temporary land occupation and destruction of vegetation and soil; (2) Low-noise equipment shall be adopted as construction equipment as much as possible; (3) Foundation damping or damping support may be adopted; (4) Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and machinery must be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gas; (5) Equipment shall be reasonably used and equipment maintenance and repair of equipment shall be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and liquid leakage and avoid causing influence on surface water environment, soil environment, etc. in the project areas. 5. Environmental protection provisions on construction stockyards 5.1 Quarry Gravel materials used for project construction are usually adopted from the existing qualified quarry. Aggregates needed for construction of irrigation facility works shall be purchased from aggregate factory with formal business license in project areas. However, noise and raising dust generated during handling and vehicle transport of aggregates as well as stacking and storage of aggregates in construction place shall be strictly managed and controlled. 5.2 Prefabrication and mixing yard Sand gravel cushion paving + Concrete precast block + Channel lining + Pointing construction procedure shall be adopted for irrigation and drainage channel of irrigation facility construction. Prefabrication and mixing yard shall be arranged around construction point according to environmental features along irrigation channel and based on direction of irrigation channel planned and designed. Noise and maintenance wastewater generated during machinery mixing, vibration of vibratory unit and watering maintenance will have an influence on surrounding acoustic environment and surface water environment. (1) Prefabrication and mixing yard shall be selected 300m beyond downwind 7 direction of environmental sensitive points. Fence shall be set up when necessary; (2) Silencer shall be installed at noise sources of blender and vibratory unit to eliminate sound. Meanwhile, foundation damping or damping support may be adopted; (3) Maintenance wastewater is comprehensively utilized after being treated in temporary sedimentation tank set up. (4) The construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange construction personnel and reduce the operation time of operators of high-noise machinery. Earmuffs can be equipped for construction personnel to reduce the influence of noise on construction personnel. 6. Environmental protection provisions on society The reconstruction of field irrigation facilities mainly has an influence on farmland water conservancy along the line. The management measures are shown as follows: (1) Parallel operation shall be adopted during construction excavation. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. (2) In order to ensure unimpeded water channels in farmland and prevent water and soil loss, reconstruction of drainage and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditch shall be arranged in non-irrigation period as much as possible. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period. 7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of material cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of cultural heritage are shown in Figure 7-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: 8 (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and dug indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out. Figure 7-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction period 9 8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual 10 protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets. 9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure 11 that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures ①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment. 10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence (1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent such materials from flowing into river together with rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm. (2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage 12 collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body. (5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is. 11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized. The remaining materials may be timely 13 cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization. 12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment 12.1 Ecological resource protection and management measures (1) Reasonably optimize layout of construction site, reduce scope of construction activities and reduce the degree of damage caused by project implementation to vegetation; (2) Building materials that shall be purchased during construction such as stone, sand and cement; they shall be transported when needed. Land occupation and vegetation damage shall be reduced; after completion of project, construction site shall be timely cleared and construction site shall be greened to recover the damaged vegetation as much as possible; (3) Temporary protective fences shall be established around trees not felled or transplanted within construction site before construction according to checking results of construction site; (4) It is not allowed to add other signs besides identification label on the trees or stack or store building materials and park mechanical equipment around tree protection areas; (5) Temporary intercepting ditch shall be built on construction site, and flood guiding channel shall be constructed for surface runoff channel damaged for the project so as to 14 lead the flood formed in rainy season away and avoid scouring of surface runoff to the project; (6) The construction unit shall shorten time of temporary land occupation, control construction time of earthwork, maintain stable excavation and filling of side slope and reduce the influence beyond project construction under the precondition that construction quality is ensured. 12.2 Water and soil conservancy measures (1) Temporary measures During stacking of sand gravel materials needed for excavation and backfill of earthwork of buildings and structures as well as construction project, in order to avoid wind erosion and water erosion. Temporary covering measure shall be adopted for protection. Temporary protective measures adopted mainly include temporary straw bag pressing, covering and watering. ①Covering In order to prevent wind erosion and water erosion, temporary covering measure is adopted for exposed parts of slag body in this temporary mound yard. Dense-mesh dustproof net is selected and used as covering material. Demolition of dustproof covering shall be carried out upon start of earthwork backfill. The dustproof net shall be gradually rolled up backward from a place close to foundation pit. The dustproof net will be recycled after earthwork is fully back filled. ②Temporary pressing measure using earth loading straw bag Dustproof net around temporary mound yard shall be pressed by earth loading in straw bag. Requirements for removal of straw bags: When backfill is conducted after completion of casting of building foundations of main works, the straw bags around shall be manually removed from two sides from the opening and the earth in the straw bags is continuously filled into foundation pit. Straw bags can be recycled for reutilization. ③Watering Watering shall be conducted for 1-2 times after land remediation of construction site. 15 Surface crust with thickness enough to effectively resist wind erosion can be formed if the degree of infiltration of soil reaches approximately 2cm, which benefits recovery of water and soil conservation functions. (2) Engineering measures ①Concave-convex leveling and backfill: Including determination of backfill area and depth, unit weight of backfill object and unit weight of grinding as well as backfill grinding method as well as determination of possible sinking and its hazard prediction and protective measures; ②Plan transport routes of backfill object and earth covering; ③Pit backfill and utilization: During pit backfill, abandoned earth and stone slag shall be fully utilized to strive to realize leveling of pit and full consumption of slag after backfill. The backfill method is determined according to factors such as terrain, construction conditions and area. Manpower and machinery combined method is usually adopted. When area remediated is relatively big, bulldozer is adopted to conduct trip-type remediation. The lap width between strips is 0.5m; as for corners with relatively area in which mechanical operation is unavailable or applicable, manpower will be employed to remediate dead angles. Shovels are adopted for manpower remediation to carry out pit backfill within depth of 0.3m in remediation area; ④During rough remediation, key parts requiring backfill shall be determined according to features of landform and terrain in project area. Then, construction machinery such as bulldozer shall be adopted to transport the earthwork to filling area of pit place. During pit backfill, relatively fine sand gravel shall be used and compressed below, while macadam with relatively big grain size shall be paved above and then flatly grinded. After end of rough remediation, tools such as shovel shall be manually used to shovel parts such as edges and dead angles of construction area disturbed and small pits left over by machinery remediation flatly. The landfill treatment shall finally meet the design requirements of leveling. (3) Vegetation measure During vegetation recovery in construction area after end of project, local species 16 shall be adopted and introduction of external species shall be avoided. 13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety and health of construction personnel. (1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations; (4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.); (5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time; (6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-drive equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye 17 protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks); (8) Guardrails (one middle bar and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users; (10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases. 18 Appendix 3 Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hengyang County with World Bank Loan Agricultural Activities Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities 1 Environmental protection measures for lime application 1.1 Lime quality requirements Lime material selected in this project: It is a composite product comprising quick lime (CaO content>70%), limestone (CaO content>40%) and dolomite (CaO+MgO content>45% with ratio of 1:3. The quality indexes are required as follows: Fineness: Passing of 2mm standard sieve (10-mesh standard sieve) ≥80%; Mercury (Hg) content≤2 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content≤3 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content≤50 mg/kg｡ 1.2 Lime transport (1) Bid invitation is adopted to ensure timely application. Public purchasing by invitation to bid is adopted for late rice according to normal procedure. After determination of bid winner, the bid inviter will sign quick lime powder product supply service contract with the bid winner and the bid winner shall transport the product to village groups where the project is conducted as scheduled with required quantity. (2) Waterproof cloth shall be adopted during transport to cover the lime and prevent spreading and overflow of lime during transport. 1.3 Protective measures for lime application (1) When using lime, the lime application personnel shall pay special attention to their safety protection. They shall wear masks, eyeshades (or goggles) and work clothes. After completion of lime application, they shall timely take showers and change cloths. (2) During process of lime application, even application shall be realized to prevent excessive local concentration. (3) During storage of lime, weather and moisture prevention shall be noticed. Lime 1 shall not be stored for a long term. It shall be better used when received. Besides, lime shall not be simultaneously used with chemical fertilizers and pesticide. 1.4 Determination of application period In order to make it convenient for farmers to use, lime application shall be better carried out beyond busy season and high-temperature season. Period of lime application once every year shall be flexibly determined according to different planting systems. (1) Double cropping rice-slack winter season area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 1 month before winter or transplanting of early season rice. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of early season rice. (2) Double cropping rice-oilseed rape/green manure area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field 2-3 days before oilseed rape straws or green manure is ploughed. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately to transplant early season rice. (3) Oilseed rape-single-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 15 days before transplanting of middle-season rice after harvesting of oilseed rape. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of middle-season rice. (4) Tobacco-late-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field in winter or about 1 month before transplanting of flue-cured tobacco. Then, the paddy field shall be immediately ploughed. 1.5 Other attentions (1) During top dressing of lime, there shall be no water on the standing grain leaves. In other words, lime shall not be applied in the morning when there is dew or after rain, or under the weather condition of big wind. (2) During application of lime, organic fertilizer shall be applied as coordination. (3) Lime shall not be mixed with chemical fertilizers especially ammonium nitrogen and thoroughly decomposed excrements and urines of people and livestock during application to avoid loss of nitrogen fertilizer. (4) Lime shall not be mixed with trace elements such as boric fertilizer so as to 2 prevent the reduction of effectiveness of lime. 2 Environmental protection measures for application of soil passivator 2.1 Quality index of soil passivator Silicon-containing and water-soluble fertilizers already applied in rice and registered in Ministry of Agriculture with cadmium blocking effect above 30% are selected according to Guiding Opinion on Standardization Heavy Metal Pollution Repair Products of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Cultivated Land in 2015 and Service Technical Quality Requirements. The specific quality indexes are shown as follows: Water: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥70g/L; water-insoluble matter content ≤10 g/L Powder: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥10%; water-insoluble matter content≤5% Mercury (Hg) content ≤5 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content ≤10 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content ≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content ≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content ≤50 mg/kg. 2.2 Selection of soil passivator (1) Use of industrial waste as passivation restorative agent shall be avoided as much as possible so as to avoid bringing new secondary pollution to farmland soil or destroy soil structure as well as its physical and chemical properties and environmental quality. (2) Soil conditioner already applied in rice and registered by Ministry of Agriculture shall be selected. (3) Soil conditioner shall be applied in strict accordance with product description. Excessive application shall be prevented. 2.3 Temporary storage requirements A specific indoor warehouse is set up to temporarily store soil passivator. The 3 temporary storage warehouse shall resist rain, wind and seepage. 3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers 3.1 Selection and use of commercial organic fertilizers The heavy metal contents of commercial organic fertilizers must be lower than the standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012). The specific indexes are shown as follows: (1) Technical indexes: Mass fraction of organic maters (calculated as per dried basis): 45; Mass fraction of total nutrient (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated as per dried basis): ≥5.0; Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample): ≤30; Potential of hydrogen (PH): 5.5-8.5 (2) Metal indexes: Total arsenic (As) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤15 mg/kg; Total mercury (Hg) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤2 mg/kg; Total lead (Pb) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤50 mg/kg; Total chromium (Cr) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤150 mg/kg; Total cadmium (Cd) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤3 mg/kg｡ (3) Bacterial indexes Roundworm ova death rate and number of fecal coliforms shall comply with requirements raised in NY884. 3.2 Attentions during application of organic fertilizers (1) Use of commercial organic fertilizers is promoted. Commercial organic fertilizers already passing field test, confirmed as safe through secondary pollution evaluation, and certified and registered by relevant certification organization shall be selected. (2) The contents of elements in organic fertilizers applied including Cd, As, Hg, Pb 4 and Cr shall be lower than standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012) (3) If manure of livestock and poultry is used as organic fertilizer, the feeds used to feed livestock and poultry must comply with requirements of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001). (4) As for livestock’s excrements generated by surrounding farmer households in breeding industry, PMO shall strengthen supervision. Excrements generated by breeding industry without detection or exceeding standard during monitoring shall not be delivered to farmland in order to prevent bringing new heavy metal pollution. (5) Attentions to use of bio-organic fertilizers ①The bio-organic fertilizers shall not be applied to a very deep earth layer. It is suitable to apply the bio-organic fertilizers at a place of 10-15cm below the surface. ②During application, bio-organic fertilizers shall be not mixed with single chemical fertilizer. Since single chemical fertilizer has singular ingredients and the pH value differs, if it is abundantly applied, the biological activity of bio-organic fertilizers will be inevitably compromised. Therefore, bio-organic fertilizers shall be better separately applied. ③The proportioning of bio-organic fertilizer, farm manure and DAP compound fertilizer shall be reasonable. When they are selected and used, they shall be calculated first and then scientific proportioning shall be carried out before application. 4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes (1) Strengthening publicity and enhance farmers’ environmental protection awareness Since farmers are the subjects using agricultural means of production and agricultural package wastes, it is required to strengthen technical training of scientific use of pesticide and other agricultural products for the farmers and enable them to get to know the hazards of agricultural package wastes to agricultural production and environment and enhance their environmental protection awareness. Also, the farmers shall be educated not to abandon agricultural films at will and to collect and take away agricultural package wastes. 5 (2) Implementing centralized collection and avoiding storage at will Agricultural package waste collection points are set in each project area. Farmers are required to waste agricultural films, pesticide and agricultural packages already used up in collection points. Meanwhile, they shall contact with agricultural package recycling station of Hengyang County and transport agricultural package wastes in the collection points to the recycling station on a regular basis. (3) Strengthening management and ensuring transfer treatment PMO shall strengthen management and supervise the collection and transfer work of agricultural package wastes to ensure that all such package wastes in project areas are transported to agricultural package recycling station of Hengyang County that shall recycle such wastes or entrust a qualified unit to treat such wastes. 5. Environmental protection measures for removing straw from farmland (1) PPP mode is adopted as operation mechanism to motivate and subsidize farmland operators or professional harvesting cooperatives to change harvesting model (semi-feeding harvesting to ensure overall straw relocation and utilization) and increase crushed grass bundling method (bundling machine can be purchased for harvesting) to realize relocation of crop straws from farmland in project areas. (2) Select advantaged enterprises to profit from acquisition of straws and utilization of resources to sustain normal operation of the project. (3) Straws in the project areas are transported to candy orange planting bases including Qianjin, Yongsheng and Longwangling Shenlong according to the principle of proximity. The straws will be used for covering and sheltering in sweet orange planting bases. (4) PMO shall strengthen supervision to ensure that straws are smoothly transported out of the farmland and properly disposed. 6 6. Environmental protection measures for management and control of standard-exceeding rice in the husk (1) PMO shall strengthen supervision and entrust relevant unit with relevant detection qualification to detect the rice in the husk in project areas on a regular basis and avoid entry of standard-exceeding rice in the husk in project areas to grain ratio market. (2) As for rice with cadmium content＞0.2mg/kg, , it will be used as raw material for liquor making after a purchase and sales contract is signed with Hunan Dinguyi Wine Industry Co., Ltd and Hunan Linglu Wine Industry Co., Ltd located in Xidu Town industrial park of Hengyang County. (3) Stillage, a by-product during wine brewing, shall be detected. If complying with the standard of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001), it can be used as feed. Otherwise, it shall be dried and then transported to refuse landfill for sanitary landfill. 7 1