Higher Education Development Program (HEDP) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) April 23, 2019 Higher Education Commission, Government of Pakistan Abbreviations ACs Affiliated Colleges AUs Affiliating Universities CC Community College DAIs Degree Awarding Institutes E East EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GCF Grand Challenge Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product HDI Human Development Index HE Higher Education HEC Higher Education Commission (of Pakistan) HEDP Higher Education Development Program HEIs Higher Education Institutions HEMIS Higher Education Management Information System HR Human Resource HRD Human Resource Development ICT Information and Communication Technology IEE Initial Environmental Examination ISF Innovator Seed Fund IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IT Information Technology km Kilometers LI Learning and Innovations LMS Learning Management System mm Millimeter M&E Monitoring and Evaluation N North NAHE National Academy of Higher Education NEQs National Environmental Quality Standards OH&S Occupational Health and Safety OP Operational Policy ORIC Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization PERN Pakistan Education & Research Network pH Power of Hydrogen Ion Concentration PCR Physical Cultural Resources PID Program Information Document PCU Project Coordination Unit PMD Pakistan Meteorological Department POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants QAA Quality Assurance Agency QEC Quality Enhancement Cell R&D Research and Development RE Resident Engineer S South SC Supervision Consultant TDF Technology Development Fund TNA Training Needs Assessment TPV Third Party Validation W West WB World Bank WESC Works, Environment and Social Safeguard Committees WWF World Wide Fund for Nature yr Year 3 Executive Summary In Pakistan, tertiary education refers to post-secondary education and is comprised of two distinct subsectors: Universities/degree awarding institutes (DAIs) and affiliated colleges (ACs). Both subsectors are comprised of public and private institutions with public institutions holding a slightly larger share of the sector and Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) predicts that this will continue to be the case. Universities are regulated by the federal HEC whereas ACs are under dual management. For administrative matters, they are under the control of their respective provincial higher education departments whereas for academic matters they are under the authority of their affiliating universities. ACs are funded by the provincial governments but their tertiary level degrees are awarded by the affiliating universities (AUs). ACs offer upper secondary grades (11 and 12) alongside tertiary level programs and serve as a transition between the two. After decades of neglect, Pakistan’s tertiary education sector has seen a revival with the establishment of HEC in 2002 which was granted more funding and autonomy as compared to the previous institution. HEC introduced initiatives to improve quality and instill a culture of research. It closed low quality programs and controlled the mushrooming of substandard higher education institutions. Despite making considerable headway towards addressing the challenges facing the tertiary education system much remains to be accomplished, especially in the multi-layered governance of the sector. The four major challenges in the way of meeting the priorities identified in the 11th Five Year Plan and the HEC’s ambitious Vision 2025 development strategy are: (a) low and inequitable participation in tertiary education; (b) poor quality of teaching and research conditions (including inadequate and irrelevant research, and limited links between Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the industrial and service sectors of the economy); (c) insufficient funding; and (d) below-par institutional governance and management, especially lack of the Higher Education Management Information System (HEMIS), which severely complicates long-term sectoral and institutional planning, monitoring, and accountability. These challenges are particularly exacerbated for affiliated colleges.1 To overcome these challenges, the HEC Pakistan plans to obtain the World Bank’s technical support and financing. The Project The proposed World Bank support entitled “Higher Education Development Program (HEDP)” aims to support Government of Pakistan in strengthening the tertiary education system in the country. The proposed objective(s) of the Project is to support research excellence in strategic sectors of the economy, improve teaching and learning and strengthen governance, in the higher education sector. 1 World Bank Program Information Document (PID) 4 Project Components The five major components of the Project are as under: Component 1. Nurturing academic excellence in strategic sectors Sub-component 1.1: Promoting Innovative and Relevant Research Sub-component 1.2: Encouraging Entrepreneurship and Self-employment Sub-component 1.3: Local Challenge Funds Component 2: Supporting Decentralized Higher Education Institutes for improved teaching and learning Sub-component 2.1: Strengthening the Affiliation System Sub-component 2.2: Bringing Education in Affiliated Colleges at par with International Standards Sub-component 2.3: Improving the relevance of ACs to support the local socio-economic landscape Sub-component 2.4: Connecting Affiliated Colleges to Pakistan Education and Research Network (PERN) Component 3: Equipping students and higher education institutions with modern technology Subcomponent 3.1: Improving the policy environment for ICT use Subcomponent 3.2: Enhancing PERN Activities Subcomponent 3.3: Expanding PERN vertically Component 4: Higher Education Management Information System and Data Driven Services Subcomponent 4.1: HEC Data Repository Subcomponent 4.2: Digitization of University Administration Component 5: Capacity Building, Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Environmental and Social Management Framework In compliance with Environment Assessment OP4.01 triggered by the Project, inter alia, Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is required for the World Bank financed projects to ensure compliance of environmental and social safeguard requirements of the national laws and World Bank’s safeguard policies for those project activities that are not defined and/or whose locations are unknown at the time the Bank appraises the project. This ESMF has been prepared using primary and secondary information collected through literature review, reconnaissance survey and stakeholder consultation workshop. This framework will be followed once specific projects activities are identified and their details are available. This framework also discusses the stakeholder engagement and involvement throughout the project life cycle and mechanism to disclose project information to them and redress the grievances of the affected community. 5 Environmental and Social Baseline: Environmental Challenges relevant to the Project’s Strategic Sectors The cost of environmental degradation in Pakistan is Rs. 365 billion per year or 6 percent of the GDP, mainly due to (i) illness and premature mortality caused by air pollution (indoor and outdoor), (almost 50 percent of the total damage cost); (ii) diarrheal diseases and typhoid due to inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene (about 30 percent of the total), and (iii) reduced agricultural productivity due to soil degradation (about 20 percent of the total). In the physical domain, the major threat is posed by climate change, associated with increased frequency and intensity of floods and hurricanes, prolonged droughts and growing water stress, shift of disease vectors, and the frightening possibility of the melting of the Himalayan icecaps. In Pakistan, primary energy sources are mainly thermal (64%), hydropower (27%), nuclear power (7%) and renewable energy (2%). Share of hydro in electricity generation has decreased over the last five years, mainly due to lower availability of water. Thermal sources of energy pose serious threat to environment. Presently the share of renewable sources to energy supply in Pakistan is only 2% but future prospects of renewable energy are encouraging in Pakistan with a total potential of about 167.7 GW which is more than enough to meet the total electricity demand of the country. Pakistan’s agriculture sector plays a central role in the economy. Agricultural performance in Pakistan has been poor in recent years with slow growth (3.3% over the last decade). Major factors underlying this poor performance include a slow rate of technological innovation, limited adoption of progressive farming techniques, problems with quality, quantity and timeliness of input supply, limited investment in construction and maintenance of infrastructure; marketing and trade restrictions, pest and livestock disease problems, and limited amounts of credit for agricultural production and processing and the lack of agriculture-specific financing. Agriculture related environmental challenges include excessive withdrawal of scarce freshwater resources, waterlogging and salinity, soil erosion and desertification, disintegration of agro- ecosystem with excessive use of chemicals and pesticides, human health ailments due to excessive use of hazardous chemical pesticides, GHG emissions and rangelands degradation. The country depends much on Indus Basin canal irrigation system, which is posed to serious operational, and maintenance issues. Huge water losses in transit through leakages, illegal pumping and inefficiency of the system adversely affect the small landholders and those at the tails of the distribution channels. The recurrence of droughts in certain areas and floods in recent years has further increased the number of food insecure people. These issues have reduced water use efficiency at farm level a major reason of low average yields of crops at national level. The irrigation water availability for 2016-17 has been assessed at 132.7 MAF against the targeted 134.56 MAF. Rain fall during early Rabi season remained low causing water shortages, affecting especially wheat sowing in rain fed areas. With an estimated population of 227 million by 2025, Pakistan’s current water availability of less than 1100 cubic meters per person, down from 6 5000 cubic meters in 1951 classifies it as a “water-stressed” country that is headed towards becoming a “water-scarce” country if actions are not taken urgently. Climate change compounds environmental and development challenges. Changing climate already manifests itself in rising temperatures and more prevalent heatwaves, melting in the cryosphere, and an increased risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding (GLOF) in mountainous regions, as well as a rising sea level, accelerated coastal erosion, and salination of surface and groundwater. According to 2017 population census reports, the total population of the Pakistan is approximately 207 million. The most heavily populated province is Punjab with a population of 110 million, followed by Sindh with 48 million Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with 30 million and Balochistan with a population of 12 million. The population of Islamabad Capital Territory is 2 million, while that of FATA is 5 million. The population density is 250 persons per square km of the major part of the project area. The urban centers are densely populated with an average of 1000 person per square kilometer. Districts located close to the city centers are thickly populated, whereas, the districts lying in the southern and northern boundaries are relatively thinly populated. Urbanization growth in Pakistan is currently at 2.7 percent. The urban population shows a growing trend with 36.38 percent of the population living in urban areas. Sindh province is the most urbanized among all the provinces in Pakistan as per the results with 52.02 percent of its population based in urban areas. Punjab has the highest share of population of 52.9 percent in population pie but its share has declined as compared to 1998. The share of urban population in Punjab has increased from 31.27 percent in 1998 to 36.71 percent in 2017. Environmental challenges of rapid urbanization include air, water, land and noise pollution, deforestation and habitat degradation resulting in serious health issues, poverty, water stresses and climatic changes. Pakistan has been urbanizing rapidly and it is estimated that about 50 percent of the population will be living in urban areas by 2030. This has translated into Pakistan being ranked as one of the countries with the highest levels of exposure to air pollution in the South Asia region, measured as mean annual exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). The Pakistan Vision 2025 identified six technologies that are likely to drive the future of development in the country, namely: micro-electronics, computers, telecommunications, human-made materials, robotics, and biotechnology. Specifically, the growth in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has shifted the world to a virtual space, particularly for the delivery of services, and has given birth to a new global operating model for businesses. The various environmental hazards of ICT, from production/manufacturing, distribution, consumption/operations and disposal stages have been categorized as climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, particulate matter formation, metal depletion and fossil 7 depletion, agricultural and urban land occupation, natural land transformation and ionizing radiation. Environmental and Social Baseline: Social Challenges relevant to the Project’s Proposed Activities The objective of HEDP to support research excellence in strategic sectors of the economy, improve teaching and learning and strengthen governance, in the higher education sector will result in a number of social benefits. However, given the competitive nature of project activities, specifically research and entreprenuerial grants, there is a risk of social exclusion and discriminiation. HEC data shows that 40% of the total students enrolled in Master, MS, MPhil and PhD were female in 2017-18. However, the proportion of female students in engineering, science and technology universities is observed to be low, ranging from 10% to 25%. Representation of women in research is also low. Statistics for the National Research Programme for Universities (NRPU) and Technology Development Fund (TDF) show that only 16% of the principal investigators in the accepted TDF projects in 2017-18 were female, while only 14% of the principal investigators for projects accepted under the NRPU from 2010-2014 were female. Enrollment figures for 2016-17 show that 55% of students enrolled in ACs were female. Statistics for PhD enrollment and research grants show that almost half of all students’ research is being conducted in Punjab, with historically underserved areas such a Balochistan having a very small proportion. HEC reports that in 2017-18, the highest number of PhD students were reported in Punjab (55%), followed by 21% in universities located in Islamabad. Similarly, majority of the NRPU grants from 2010-2014 were awarded to researchers based in universities in Punjab (43%), followed by universities in Islamabad 29%, 14% in KPK, 10% in Sindh and only 2% to universities in Balochistan. As per data provided by HEC, there are 3032 affiliated colleges (ACs) located across Pakistan, 95% of which are located in urban areas. 45% of students are enrolled in Affiliated Colleges in Punjab, followed by 24% in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 22% in Sindh. Balochistan has a mere 3% of the students enrolled in Affiliated Colleges . There is also risk of low quality research outcomes from grants as well as non-applicability of research to contribute towards solving societal and economic problems in Pakistan. An analysis of four years of PhD theses uploaded to the Pakistan Research Repository from 2014 – 2017 shows that a total of 2468 theses were published and uploaded to the PRR during this period, of which 26% can be classified in subjects relevant to the priority sectors identified for the project. Further analysis based on PhD titles and abstracts provided on PRR for theses published in 2017 shows that just 34% of the research conducted in the strategic sectors had potential applications for the public and private sector. 8 Spending on research and development in Pakistan has been exceptionally low, with only 0.25% of the GDP being invested into R&D in 2015.2 Major research funding in Pakistan is through HEC funds such as the NRPU and the Technology Development Fund, the Pakistan Science Foundation, COMSTECH and Ignite. The HEC has been increasing research funding in these programmes which primarily fund research in science and technology. The majority research projects are funded by the NRPU in science and technology, with a mere 3% projects being in social and political sciences. 3. Regulatory Review Following national policies and laws are relevant to the project and linked sub-projects with respect to environmental guidelines and identification of environment and social issues and accordingly researches need to be conducted for specific issues: National Policies:  Climate Change Policy of Pakistan 2012  National Environmental Policy, 2005 National Laws:  Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997  Provincial Environmental Protection Acts of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Sindh and Balochistan  Pakistan Climate Change Act 2016  Forest Protection Laws and Rules  The Canal and Drainage Act 1873  Pakistan Penal Code  The Antiquities Act, 1975  The Public Health (Emergency Provision) Act 1954 read with West Pakistan Epidemic Control Act 1958  Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007)  Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001  Land Acquisition Act 1894 World Bank Safeguard Policies: The World Bank safeguard policies and their relevance to the project is presented in the table below. WB Safeguard Policies Relevance No. Operational HEDP Relevance Policies 1 Environmental To help ensure the Yes, However, no significant Assessment environmental and social and/or irreversible adverse [OP 4.01] soundness and sustainability of environmental impacts are investment projects. anticipated from the investments 2 The World Bank - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?end=2015&locations=PK&start=1997 3 The University Research System in Pakistan, 2018, The Knowledge Platform and British Council 9 (including some IT equipment replacements) and technical activities to be financed, which will be mostly delivered as small works to improve existing education and scientific facilities and research grants. Even though the project research activities (to be financed through the Grand Challenge Fund, the Technology Transfer Support Fund, the Innovator Seed Fund and Local Challenge Funds) would be related to sectors involving environmental issues as pollution, use of natural resources, etc. the overall impact of the project is positive. The provision of access to modern technology could lead to a limited potential of e-waste management and recycling. Because the precise details and exact locations of the investments (small works to be identified) are not known and defined, an Environmental Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared. different types of activities supported by the project. 2 Performance To facilitate Bank financing for This policy is not triggered as this Standards for private sector led economic is not a for private sector led Private Sector development projects by economic development project. Activities applying environmental and [OP 4.03] social policy standards that are better suited to the private sector, while enhancing greater policy coherence and cooperation across the World Bank Group. 3 Natural Habitats To promote environmentally This policy is triggered with a [OP 4.04] sustainable development by precautionary approach. By supporting the protection, appraisal it is not clear if the project conservation, maintenance, and will support research activities 10 rehabilitation of natural involving natural habitats. As the habitats and their functions. funds supported by the project will target the environment sector, the ESMF includes a screening protocol to identify this potential scenario during the submission and evaluation of research grants and to advise project proponents with specific management measures, if necessary. In particular, this policy is also triggered because some research activities could involve forest areas and may be located near or inside the protected forest, which are also considered as natural habitats as per the this policy. 4 Pest To minimize and manage the Yes, as project interventions are Management environmental and health risks likely to be carried for agriculture [OP 4.09] associated with pesticide use sector. These researches and and promote and support safe, interventions might require pest effective, and environmentally management. sound pest management. 5 Indigenous To design and implement This policy is triggered with a Peoples projects in a way that fosters precautionary approach. No [OP 4.10] full respect for Indigenous physical investments are planned Peoples’ dignity, human rights, for IP areas. In case research and cultural uniqueness and so proposals for Kailash people, that they: (a) receive culturally valleys or land, are considered, all compatible social and such proposals will need to be economic benefits; and (b) do vetted by the World Bank (under not suffer adverse effects guidance of OP 4.10 and ESMF during the development which will contain guidelines on process. screening the proposals for any impact on Kalash as per provisions of OP4.10) and will be required to acquire all necessary and relevant clearances from the Bank. This due diligence will be carried out before initiating any type of review process by any entity and has been clarified in the ESMF. 6 Physical To assist in preserving physical No relevance is anticipated. The Cultural cultural resources and avoiding project will not fund proposals Resources their destruction or damage. 11 [OP 4.11] PCR includes resources of involving activities related to archaeological, physical cultural resources. paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. 7 Involuntary To avoid or minimize No relevance is anticipated. The Resettlement involuntary resettlement and, project will not fund proposals [OP 4.12] where this is not feasible, to involving activities related to assist displaced persons in involuntary resettlement. improving or at least restoring their livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. 8 Forests To realize the potential of Some research activities related to [OP 4.36] forests to reduce poverty in a the climate change/environment sustainable manner, integrate sectors could involve forest areas forests effectively into and may be located near or inside sustainable economic the protected forest. The ESMF development, and protect the includes the specific screening vital local and global mechanism to identify this environmental services and scenario, and to request to the values of forests. research project proponents the incorporation of sustainability and protection measures in line with the forest safeguards policy. 9 Safety of Dams To assure quality and safety in No direct relevance is anticipated. [OP 4.37] the design and construction of The project will not fund new dams and the proposals involving activities rehabilitation of existing dams, related to safety of dams and in carrying out activities that may be affected by an existing dam. 10 Projects in To assure that a project in a No direct relevance is anticipated. Disputed Areas disputed area if the The project will not fund [OP 7.60] governments concerned agree proposals involving activities that, pending the settlement of related to projects in disputed the dispute, the project areas. proposed for country A should go forward without prejudice to the claims of country B. 12 11 Projects on To ensure that the international No direct relevance is anticipated. International aspects of a project on an The project will not fund Waterways international waterway are proposals involving activities [OP 7.50] dealt with at the earliest related to projects on possible opportunity. international waterways. 12 Bank Disclosure Under the policy, the Bank Yes Policy would provide access to more information about projects under preparation, projects under implementation, analytic and advisory activities and Board proceedings Stakeholders Consultations ‘Stakeholder’ refers to individuals or groups who: (a) are affected or likely to be affected by the project (project-affected parties); and (b) may have an interest in the project (other interested parties). For the Project, the primary stakeholders include the Higher Education Commission, the Universities, Affiliated Degree Colleges, Teacher Academies in KPK and Balochistan and teacher training institutes in other Provinces; students and teachers of the concerned institutions. In addition, the research proposal activities as well as the interventions related to small work will have to duly go through the consultation process during the reparation stage following the World Bank consultation standards. As part of the Social Assessment conducted for HEDP, key informant interviews (KII) were conducted using structured questionnaires developed with the advice and in discussion with the Higher Education Commission. The KIIs were used to gather information on the current situation of research in Pakistan, status of affiliated colleges, and identify major challenges faced by higher education institutes in conducting quality research. A total of 12 interviews were conducted with HEC and universities. Stakeholder consultations were conducted to explain the project components along with potential environmental and social risks. Prior to the consultations, the ESMF was disclosed on the HEC website and stakeholders were invited to provide their feedback. A three hour consultation was held on April 10, 2019, with participants from 36 Public Universities from all across Pakistan. Participants from each university comprised of their registrars, treasurers, staff from Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) and Offices of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORICs), female and male faculty, and students. Representatives of the Higher Education Departments (HEDs) from four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) were invited to participate in the consultation exercise along with the principals, faculty and students from at least 4 public Affiliated Colleges (2 of each, male and female) of their province. The three hour consultation on April 11, 2019 was attended by HED officers and principals, administrative 13 staff, faculty and students of Affiliated Colleges from Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Registrars and staff of QECs of several public universities also joined this consultation. This ESMF has been revised based on the feedback received during these consultations. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The proposed Project aims to support the Government of Pakistan in strengthening the tertiary education system in the country. The project will support the innovative strategic research through competitive financing under: Grand Challenge Fund (GCF); Innovator Seed Fund (ISF); and Technology Transfer Support Fund (TTSF). It is anticipated that the proposed project will support research under following categories of research areas through above mentioned funding arrangements: (a) Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and Economics; (b) Business and Management; (c) Physical, Biological, and Earth Sciences; (d) Engineering and Technology; (e) Energy and Renewable Energy; (f) Waste Recycling; (g) Climate Change Resilience [Disaster] and Environment; (h) Medical, Health, and Nutritional Sciences; and (i) Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. It is also anticipated that research under some categories may not have any adverse environmental and social impacts, however the others may have negative environmental and social impacts. The research activities may involve laboratory or field-based research work. At this stage the type, extent and exact location of the project(s) and subproject(s) are not known and may not be known at the appraisal stage, the requirement to carry out a detailed environmental and social analysis will be done as part of the project implementation phase. To identify potential environmental and social impacts at proposal screening stage for any project(s) or subproject(s), an environmental and social analysis/screening seems essential and need to be done during project approval for funding. The following screening processes are proposed for the funding approvals:  Research Projects: Identification of possible environmental and social impacts of the proposed project(s) and subproject(s). In some cases, this could be limited to a simple assessment of laboratory facilities and their experience on laboratory. The checklist for such research proposals is attached as [Annexure 4].  As part of the same screening process, HEC will also determine the proposed research project(s) and subproject(s) which can be categorized under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000 [Annexure 1], have to fulfill the applicable legal requirements including either Initial Environmental Examination [IEE], Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] or any other applicable requirement; and  Small Works Projects:  The proponent of the proposed project(s) and subproject(s) involving infrastructure renovation and/or refurbishing construction works, fulfilling 14 eligibility criteria for funding, have to be screened through checklist. This screening is intended to identify the activities that may have environmental and social impacts. The potential environmental and social aspects and impacts of the anticipated project(s) and subproject(s) activities may include:  Vegetation: Loss of aesthetic of the area due to local level air pollution  Air: Local level project specific air pollution resulting in poor visibility, loss of vegetation, property damages, acid rain, soil contamination and health implications on workers and nearby community  Wastewater: Soil and water contamination, odor, health implications (due to breeding of mosquitos and flies), and nuisance due to improper treatment and disposal of sanitary wastewater from construction camps.  Solid Waste and Soil Contamination: Nuisance, health implications on workers and community (due to breeding of mosquitos and flies) (if not disposed/treated properly). Soil contamination due to improper disposal of hazardous solid waste.  Noise: Nuisance, health implications on workers and nearby community, loss of biodiversity.  Occupational Health and Safety [OH&S]: Safety hazards for workers and community. The mitigation measures of the significant environmental and social impacts [if identified] will be required from the project(s) and subproject(s) proponent in the form of a comprehensive impact mitigation plan. The project has also a limited potential of generation of E-waste while there is no policy in place to manage and dispose of E-waste (for e.g. computers, printers etc.) Potential Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures Being a project focusing on education, HEDP has numerous benefits related to improving the quality of higher education and research in Pakistan. However, given the diversity and spread of this project, there is a risk that project activities will not be socially inclusive and equitable. The possible social risks associated with HEDP relate to gender exclusion, geographical exclusion, discrimination and inability of the project to contribute towards solving societal and economic problems. The social risks associated with each component of HEDP are presented below. Project Component Social Risk Component 1: Nurturing Excellence in Moderate risk of gender exclusion, Strategic Sectors geographical exclusion, and inability of the project to contribute towards solving societal and economic problems. 15 Component 2: Supporting Decentralized Moderate risk of gender exclusion, and Higher Education Institutes for improved geographical exclusion. teaching and learning Component 3: Equipping Students and Higher Limited to low social risk Education Institutions with Modern Technology Component 4: Higher Education Management Limited to low social risk Information System and Data Driven Services Component 5: Capacity Building, Project Limited to low social risk Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Institutional Arrangements for ESMF Implementation HEC will set up a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) for taking care of the day-to-day operations, while the thematic and other operational matters of the project/subprojects such as planning, procurements, finances, training and capacity-building, ICT, monitoring, reporting, etc. will be dealt by the respective Section/Division/Cell of HEC such as LI, Academics, QAA, R&D, M&E, etc. For this purpose, the concerned staff members will be well oriented and trained in their respective fields related to the project/subproject’s activities. The objectives for environmental and social management under PCU are: 1. Analyze the potential environmental and social impacts in research and small work projects to be financed. 2. Consider the potential environmental and social impacts in research and small work projects during the evaluation stage. 3. Include specific measures to avoid environmental and social impacts of selected research and small work projects 4. Ensure adequate supervision and monitoring during the implementation of the research and small work projects, including OSH aspect. An Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) shall operate under PCU which shall take care of the environmental and social safeguard requirements of the project components. The ESC shall be comprised of environmental and social specialists. The ESC shall have the liberty to outsource environmental and social compliance requirements to different consultants and specialists. The consultants shall facilitate ESC in preparing environmental and social assessment, monitoring and compliance documents. The ESC has to ensure the compliance of ESMF including:  The review of environmental assessments or documents that analyze the environmental and social impacts of the grants.  Field supervision of social and environmental aspects of the proposals.  Ensure compliance of mitigation measure and request the suspension of disbursements to beneficiaries until the necessary remedial action are implemented. 16  When necessary, consult with other national and provincial entities with competencies in environmental and social management.  Preparation of internal reports. Grievance Redress Mechanism The HEC will respond to concerns and grievances of project affected parties related to the environmental and social performance of the project in a timely manner. For this purpose, the HEC will propose and implement a grievance redress mechanism (GRM). The HEC shall establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to facilitate the resolution of community, project(s) and subproject(s) complaints and grievances. Under this mechanism, a Grievance Redress Cell (GRC) shall be established in the Project Coordination Unit. This GRC shall be directly accessible to the community, project(s) and subproject(s) for the registration of complaints and their resolution. The established GRM shall be communicated to the public and particularly the affected community through print and electronic media and during public consultations and community engagement events. This cell shall maintain a Complaints Management Register (CMR), at the site, for logging complaints and grievances. All written and oral grievances will be recorded in the Register. For operational phase GRM, the respective Engineers and Plant Managers of the utilities and plants respectively shall be responsible for maintaining community complaints in the CCMR and their resolution. Android based GRM Application (GRM App) shall also be established and launched to make GRM effective, easy and accessible to everybody for lodging complaints. PCU will ensure that GRM system will be implemented at the associated universities level. Budget The 5 year budget for the implementation of ESMF is estimated at 67.5 million PKR [482,143 USD @1USD=140PKR]. 17 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 4 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 23 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 23 1.2 The Proponent: Higher Education Commission of Pakistan ................................................................... 23 1.3 The Project ................................................................................................................................................... 23 1.4 Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF) ................................................................... 24 1.4.1 Applicability of the report ...................................................................................................................... 25 1.4.2 Objectives of the ESMF ........................................................................................................................ 25 1.4.3 Structure of ESMF ................................................................................................................................. 26 1.4.4 Report Authors ....................................................................................... 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Bookmark not defined. 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 28 2.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 28 2.2 Project Beneficiaries.................................................................................................................................... 28 2.3 Project Components and activities............................................................................................................. 29 2.3.1 Component 1: Nurturing Excellence in Strategic Sectors .............................................................................. 30 2.3.2 Component 2: Supporting Decentralized Higher Education Institutes for Improved Teaching and Learning ................................................................................................................................................................................ 31 2.3.3 Component 3: Equipping Students and Higher Education Institutions with Modern Technology ................ 34 2.3.4 Component 4: Higher Education Management Information System and Data Driven Services ................... 35 2.3.5 Component 5: Capacity Building, Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation ................................... 36 2.4 Project Implementation .............................................................................................................................. 37 2.4.1 Institutional Arrangement .......................................................................................................................... 37 2.5 Project Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................... 41 2.5.1 Planning and Selection Phase Monitoring ......................................................................................... 42 2.5.2 Implementation Phase Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 42 2.6 Analysis of Project Alternatives ................................................................................................................. 45 2.6.1 No Project Option ................................................................................................................................... 45 2.6.2 Project Research Sites Alternatives .................................................................................................... 45 3 REGULATORY REVIEW ................................................................................................. 47 3.1 National Laws, Policies and Strategies ...................................................................................................... 47 3.1.1 Relevant National Policies ........................................................................................................................ 47 3.1.2 Relevant National and Provincial Legislation: ......................................................................................... 49 3.2 World Bank Safeguard Policies ................................................................................................................. 53 3.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment ................................................................................................... 55 3.2.2 OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management .................................................................................................................. 56 3.2.3 OP/BP 4.36 Forests .................................................................................................................................. 56 3.2.4 BP 17.50 World Bank Disclosure Policy.................................................................................................. 57 3.3 World Bank Guidelines ....................................................................................................................................... 57 3.4 International Conventions/Agreements ..................................................................................................... 58 4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT’S STRATEGIC SECTORS .................................................................................... 59 4.1 Baseline for small works at institutes ................................................................................................................. 59 4.2 Main features of the priority sectors for research activities ............................................................................ 59 4.2.1 Energy ............................................................................................................................................................ 59 4.2.2 Agriculture Development and Food Security................................................................................................. 61 4.2.3 Water Management and Use ..................................................................................................................... 63 4.2.4 Climate change .............................................................................................................................................. 65 4.3 Social Sector ................................................................................................................................................. 67 4.3.1 Population ...................................................................................................................................................... 67 4.3.2 Urbanization................................................................................................................................................... 68 4.3.3 PhD Research in Pakistan .............................................................................................................................. 70 4.3.4 Research Spending in Pakistan ...................................................................................................................... 72 4.3.5 Status of Thematic Research .......................................................................................................................... 74 4.3.6 Commercialization of Research ..................................................................................................................... 76 4.3.7 Gender and Outreach – Postgraduate Studies and Research .......................................................................... 80 4.3.8 Gender and Outreach – Affiliated Colleges ................................................................................................... 83 4.3.9 Technology (Cyber Security, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Nanotechnology, Cloud Computing and Big Data, Aeronautics and Manmade Material) ............................................................................................................ 85 5 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE................................. 87 5.1 Requirement of Stakeholder Consultation ................................................................................................ 87 5.2 Process of Stakeholder Consultation ......................................................................................................... 87 5.3 Identification of Stakeholders .................................................................................................................... 88 5.4 Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF) Consultation and Disclosure .................. 88 5.5 Summary of the Stakeholder Consultations ............................................................................................. 88 5.5.1 Consultation with the Universities (April 10, 2019) ...................................................................................... 89 5.5.2 Consultation with the Affiliated Colleges and representatives of the Higher Education Departments (April 11, 2019) ................................................................................................................................................................. 89 5.5.3 Summary of Consultations and HEC Response ............................................................................................. 90 5.6 Requirement of World Bank for Public Consultation ............................................................................. 98 5.7 Requirements of Public Consultation by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency ........................ 99 19 5.9 Disclosure ................................................................................................................................................... 100 6 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................................................................ 101 6.1 Environmental and Social Screening:...................................................................................................... 102 6.2 Project Activities ....................................................................................................................................... 102 6.3 Potential Environmental Impacts and Associated Mitigation Measures .............................................. 104 6.4 Perceived Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................................................................... 112 7 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................. 120 7.1 Requirements of Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ...................................................................... 120 7.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................................................ 120 8 BUDGET ..................................................................................................................... 122 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. 123 ANNEXURE 1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR SMALL INFRASTRUCTURE AND RENOVATION/REFURBISHING PROPOSAL .......................................................................... 124 ANNEXURE 2: GENERIC SAFEGUARD MEASURES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE RENOVATION AND/OR REFURBISHING CONSTRUCTION WORKS .............................................................. 128 ANNEXURE 3: CHECKLIST FOR RESEARCH PROJECTS [INCLUDING LABORATORY BASED RESEARCH] ........................................................................................................................ 130 ANNEXURE 4: PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (IEE AND EIA) REGULATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 136 ANNEXURE 5: LIST OF BANNED PESTICIDES ........................................................................ 145 ANNEXURE 6 – GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN .... 149 ANNEXURE 7 – LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FROM STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS – UNIVERSITIES ......................................................................................................................................... 150 ANNEXURE 8 – LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FROM STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS – AFFILIATED COLLEGES AND PROVINCIAL HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENTS ...................................... 173 20 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Brief of ESMF ................................................................................................................ 26 Table 2: Summary of Project Beneficiaries .................................................................................. 28 Table 3: ESC Project Tracking Format ......................................................................................... 40 Table 4: Safeguard Policies Applicability .................................................................................... 53 Table 5: International Conventions ............................................................................................... 58 Table 6: Share of Different Sources of Energy ............................................................................. 60 Table 7: Pakistan’s Water Scenarios............................................................................................. 63 Table 8: Population Census-2017 ................................................................................................. 68 Table 9: Province Wise Population and Growth Rate ........................................................... 68 Table 10: Urban share of Population ........................................................................................ 68 Table 11: Population of Major Cities in Pakistan .................................................................... 69 Table 12: Number of PhD Theses in Strategic Sectors................................................................. 71 Table 13: NRPU Approved Projects 2017-18 .............................................................................. 74 Table 14: Number of Established and Notified ORICs in Pakistan.............................................. 80 Table 15: Student Enrollment in PhD Programmes 2017-2018 ................................................... 82 Table 16: Affiliated Colleges by Location.................................................................................... 83 Table 17: Affiliated Colleges by Type (Male, Female, Co-Educational) ..................................... 84 Table 19: Pakistan Environmental Acts Relevant Sections .......................................................... 99 Table 20: HEDP Project Components and Associated Activities .............................................. 103 Table 21: Environmental Aspects and Potential Impacts ........................................................... 105 Table 22: Perceived Social Risks ................................................................................................ 112 Table 23: Perceived Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................................... 114 Table 24: ESMF Implementation Budget ................................................................................... 122 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: HEDP Institutional Arrangement .................................................................................. 41 Figure 2: HEDP ESMF Supervision and Monitoring Arrangement ............................................. 44 Figure 3: Area Weighted Mean Temperatures of Pakistan (1960-2010) ...................................... 65 Figure 4: Precipitation Trends in Pakistan (1901-2009) ........................................................ 66 Figure 5: Ratio of Teaching and Research Time (Survey) ........................................................... 72 Figure 6: Student-Faculty Ratio in Public and Private Universities ............................................. 72 Figure 7: Spending by HEC on Research Programmes (2015-2016) ........................................... 73 Figure 8: Spending by HEC on Research Programmes (2015-2016) ........................................... 74 Figure 9: Ongoing Research Projects in Pakistan ......................................................................... 75 Figure 10: TDF Projects per Province .......................................................................................... 77 Figure 11: Industry Representation in TDF .................................................................................. 78 Figure 12: Female Students in each Province ............................................................................... 81 Figure 13: Proportion of Female Students in Total Student Body................................................ 82 Figure 14: Male and Female Faculty Members in Universities .................................................... 83 Figure 15: Province Wise Enrollment in Affiliated Colleges ....................................................... 84 Figure 16: Province Wise Female Students Enrollment in Affiliated Colleges ........................... 85 21 Figure 17: Province Wise Male Students Enrollment in Affiliated Colleges ............................... 85 22 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides background of the project and its components, which are being proposed to be financed by the World Bank, profile of the proponent and the Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF) for these projects. In compliance with Environment Assessment OP4.01 triggered by the HEDP, inter alia, ESMF is required for the World Bank financed projects to ensure compliance of environmental and social safeguard requirements of the national laws and World Bank’s safeguard policies for those project activities that are not defined and/or whose locations are unknown at the time the Bank appraises the project. Therefore, the ESMF will set out the policies, strategies, procedures and institutional requirements to screen the activities when their locations are identified and/or defined, the environmental and social documents required for these activities and the approval and clearance procedures to be followed. 1.1 Background In Pakistan tertiary education refers to the post-secondary education, offered by two distinct educational sub-sectors: University/degree awarding institutes (DAIs) and affiliated colleges (ACs). Each of the sub-sector is governed by different institutional set ups under different administration, posing a challenge to assure quality and good governance. Both subsectors are comprised of public and private institutions; the later holding larger share of the sector and Higher Education Councils (HEC) predicts that the situation will continue. Universities are regulated by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan, whereas ACs are under dual management. For administrative matters, these have to report their respective provincial higher education departments whereas for academic matters, these follow the standards of their affiliating universities (AUs). ACs obtain financial support from their respective provincial governments but their tertiary level degrees are awarded by the AUs. The quality of Higher Education in the country is hindered by inequitable participation in tertiary education, poor quality of teaching and research conditions, insufficient funding and inadequate institutional governance. To overcome these challenges, the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan plans to obtain the World Bank’s support through a project, entitled “Higher Education Development Program” (HEDP). 1.2 The Proponent: Higher Education Commission of Pakistan The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, established in 2002, is the apex regulatory body to oversee the matters of higher education in the country and ensure highest quality and standards. The Chairperson heads the Commission under the supervision of the Prime Minister of Pakistan. 1.3 The Project The proposed World Bank support entitled “Higher Education Development Program (HEDP)” aims to support the Government of Pakistan in strengthening the tertiary education system in the country. The proposed development objective(s) To support research excellence in strategic sectors of the economy, improve teaching and learning and strengthen governance, in the higher education sector. The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan will implement the project in selected universities and degree colleges of the country. The four major components of the Project are as under: Component 1. Nurturing excellence in strategic sectors Sub-component 1.1: Promoting Innovative and Relevant Research Sub-component 1.2: Encouraging Entrepreneurship and Self-employment Sub-component 1.3: Local Challenge Funds Component 2: Supporting Decentralized Higher Education Institutes for improved teaching and learning Sub-component 2.1: Strengthening the Affiliation System Sub-component 2.2: Bringing Education in Affiliated Colleges at par with International Standards Sub-component 2.3: Improving the relevance of ACs to support the local socio-economic landscape Sub-component 2.4: Connecting Affiliated Colleges to Pakistan Education and Research Network Component 3: Equipping students and higher education institutions with modern technology Subcomponent 3.1: Improving the policy environment for ICT use Subcomponent 3.2: Enhancing PERN Activities Subcomponent 3.3: Expanding PERN vertically Component 4: Component 4: Higher Education Management Information System and Data Driven Services Subcomponent 4.1: HEC Data Repository Subcomponent 4.2: Digitization of University Administration Component 5: Component 5: Capacity Building, Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation 1.4 Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF) The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) will be used by the proponent during designing, construction and operational phases of the project components to ensure safeguard compliance and mitigate environmental and social 24 impacts at all the stages of the project as per the environmental and social management plan provided in the framework. This ESMF has been prepared using primary and secondary information collected through literature review, reconnaissance survey and stakeholder consultation. This framework will be followed once the research sub-projects and small works are identified and their details are available. This framework will also discuss the stakeholder engagement and involvement throughout the project life cycle and mechanism to disclose project information to them and redress the grievances of the affected community. 1.4.1 Applicability of the report The proposed project interventions could have potential environmental and social impacts, which are most likely to be small scale, localized, and reversible in nature, specifically under the Component 1. Because of the nature of the grant funding mechanisms of the project, a framework approach is required to implement the environmental and social management guidelines for this project. The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) states that “The Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) and management of social impacts of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that these are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making” 4 . By ensuring ESMF, the Bank seeks to5:  Avoid or mitigate adverse impacts to people and the environment;  Conserve or rehabilitate biodiversity and natural habitats, and promote the efficient and equitable use of natural resources and ecosystem services;  Promote worker and community health and safety;  Ensure that there is no prejudice or discrimination toward project-affected individuals or communities and give particular consideration to Indigenous Peoples, minority groups, and those disadvantaged or vulnerable, especially where adverse impacts may arise or development benefits are to be shared;  Address project-level impacts on climate change and consider the impacts of climate change on the selection, siting, planning, design and implementation and decommissioning of projects; and  Maximize stakeholder engagement through enhanced consultation, participation and accountability. 1.4.2 Objectives of the ESMF An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) will serve as the roadmap outlining the prerequisite environmental and social safeguard requirements for the project and its components. 4http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTOPMANUAL/0,,contentMDK:20064614~menuP K:64701637~pagePK:64709096~piPK:64709108~theSitePK:502184~isCURL:Y,00.html 5 World Bank, 2016. “World Bank Environmental and Social Framework.” World Bank , Washington, DC 25 Since the nature, extent and location of the project activities (subprojects), requiring physical intervention and thus potentially causing environmental degradation and social impacts, are not known at this stage, a “framework” approach has been adopted during the present environmental and social assessment, and an ESMF has been prepared. The specific objectives of the ESMF are to:  To assess the existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the project areas,  To identify potential generic impacts of the proposed project on the natural, social and human environment of the areas, to predict and evaluate these impacts, and determine their significance, in the light of the technical and regulatory concerns,  To propose appropriate generic mitigation measures that should be incorporated in the design of the project (and subprojects to be designed and implemented during project implementation) to avoid or minimize if not eliminate the potentially adverse impacts,  To assess the compliance status of the proposed activities with respect to the national environmental legislation and WB’s OPs,  To provide basic screening and assessment criteria, list the type of assessment to be carried out and instruments to be developed for each subproject/component, and provide institutional, monitoring, reporting and documentation measures for environmental and social safeguards compliance. 1.4.3 Structure of ESMF The ESMF consists of eight chapters. Table 1 gives the brief of each chapter: Table 1: Brief of ESMF Executive Summary Provides general summary of the ESMF contents and key findings. 1 Introduction Background of the project and their brief description, information of the proponents, introduction of the ESMF, its objective and structure, and study team. 2 Project Description Detailed description of project, its components and institutional arrangements for the implementation of ESMF and environmental and social management of the project and sub- projects 3 Environmental and Social Description of environmental and social baseline of the entire Baseline project area. 4 Regulatory Review Brief description of the national, provincial and World Bank laws, policies, strategies, guidelines, codes and procedures for the categorization, screening, environmental assessment and compliance of the proposed project/subprojects. This chapter establishes that how the various requirements have been or will be complied with during the planning and implementation stages of the subprojects. 26 5 Potential Environmental Description of potential generic environmental and social risks and Social Impacts and and impacts (direct, indirect/induced and cumulative) to be Mitigation Measures caused by the project’s construction and operation phases on surrounding environment and community. Description of mitigation measures as per mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, minimization or reduction, mitigation, compensate/offset). 6 Stakeholder Consultation Describes the objective, process, and outcome of the stakeholder consultations carried out during the ESMF preparation. . 7 Grievance Redress Description of the Grievance Redress Mechanism to be Mechanism adopted by the proponent to facilitate resolution of any community complaints and grievances about the project’s environmental and social performance, in line with the requirements of World Bank. 8 Budget Estimated budget for executing the ESMF, monitoring cost etc. Annexures Checklists, Pakistan Environmental Regulations 27 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Background In Pakistan tertiary education refers to the post-secondary education, offered by two distinct educational sub-sectors: University/degree awarding institutes (DAIs) and affiliated colleges (ACs). Each of the sub-sector is governed by different institutional set ups under different administration, posing a challenge to assure quality and good governance. Both subsectors are comprised of public and private institutions; the later holding larger share of the sector and Higher Education Councils (HEC) predicts that the situation will continue. Universities are regulated by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan, whereas ACs are under dual management. For administrative matters, these have to report their respective provincial higher education departments, whereas for academic matters, these follow the standards of their affiliating universities (AUs). ACs obtain financial support from their respective provincial governments but their tertiary level degrees are awarded by the AUs. After decades of neglect, the Pakistan’s tertiary education sector has seen a revival with the establishment of HEC in 2002, which was granted more funding and autonomy as compared to the previous institutions. HEC introduced initiatives to improve quality and instill a culture of research. It closed low quality programs and controlled the mushrooming of sub-standard higher education institutions. Despite making considerable headway towards addressing the challenges facing the tertiary education system, much remains to be accomplished, especially in the multi-layered governance of the sector. The four major challenges in the way of meeting the priorities, identified in the 11th Five Year Plan and the Higher Education Commission’s ambitious Vision 2025 development strategy are: (a) low and inequitable participation in tertiary education; (b) poor quality of teaching and research conditions [including inadequate and irrelevant research, and limited links between Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the industrial and service sectors of the economy]; (c) insufficient funding; and (d) below-par institutional governance and management, especially lack of the Higher Education Management Information System (HEMIS), which severely complicates long-term sectoral and institutional planning, monitoring and accountability. These challenges are particularly exacerbated for affiliated colleges. The proposed World Bank support entitled “Higher Education Development Program (HEDP)” aims to support the Government of Pakistan in strengthening the tertiary education system in the country. The proposed development objective(s) is to support research excellence in strategic sectors of the economy, improve teaching and learning and strengthen governance, in the higher education sector. 2.2 Project Beneficiaries Table 2 provides summary of the Project’s beneficiaries. Table 2: Summary of Project Beneficiaries Organizations/Institutional Strengthening Individuals/ Human Resource Development Direct Type/ Indirect Direct No. Indirect Number Higher Education Component 4 Federal and Senior and Public at Commission’s Divisions (HEMIS, Provincial mid-level staff large such as IT, HRD, R&D, PERN3) Examination of HEC 300 LI, Academics and M&E Boards (to assess representing and improve the IT, HRD, quality of learning R&D, LI, M&E outcomes) Divisions’ Affiliating Universities Component- Textbook boards University 990 Public at (Works and Services, 1, 20 (Tier 1 (for learning faculty large Laboratories, IT universities) material, revised infrastructure, ORIC, curriculum for QECs, Disciplines Component- UG/Post- obtaining grants) 2, 31 (tier 2 graduation, universities) Distance learning material (C3) Affiliated colleges 500 Directorates of AC (faculty 7,500 Public at (PERN connectivity, Education at development) large QECs, faculty Federal and development, online Provincial teaching-learning Government level assessment) Community Colleges 20 CC (faculty 500 Public at (same as above) development) large Accreditation Councils (to 15 Teacher Training Senior and 150 Public at strengthen the existing and Academies in mid-level staff large develop national KPK and (capacity Accreditation Council) Balochistan and development) Teacher Education institutes in other Provinces 2.3 Project Components and activities The World Bank supported project “Higher Education Development Program (HEDP)” aims to assist the Government of Pakistan in strengthening the tertiary education system in the country. The proposed development objective is support research excellence in strategic sectors of the economy, improve teaching and learning and strengthen governance, in the higher education sector. The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan will implement the project in selected universities and affiliated colleges in the country. The project will have 5 main components, as detailed in the following sections.6 6 Source: HEDP Project Appraisal Document, The World Bank 29 2.3.1 Component 1: Nurturing Excellence in Strategic Sectors This component will help promote relevant and cutting-edge research in universities in Pakistan with a focus on specific strategic sectors for socio-economic progress of the country. This will be done through providing competitive research, innovation and commercialization grants to researchers and entrepreneurs. Sub-component 1.1: Promoting Innovative and Relevant Research This sub-component will focus on development and support of relevant and cutting-edge research in universities, both private and public, as well as encouraging commercialization of research. The project will do so through the establishment of two competitive funds: (i) mega research grants supporting cutting edge research for solution of specific national challenges which may require multi-disciplinary solutions; and (ii) funds supporting faculty and students with potential industrial prototype solutions and research projects to make them market relevant and industry ready and to support with industry partnerships.. The Grand Challenge Fund (GCF) will support large and multisectoral/ multidimensional research projects focused on specific themes within sectors of national interest. The proposals eligible for funding would be from the following strategic sectors: (a) Food Security; (b) Water management and sustainability; (c) Sustainable energy; (d) Sociology/philosophy; (e) Development Economics; (f) urban planning; (g) climate change/environment; and (h) IT/telecom (especially, Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Security, Cloud Computing and Big Data); (i) innovative governance and reforms. Within these strategic areas, proposals from consortia of multi-disciplinary researchers/universities can propose research for solutions of a grand challenge. The Technology Transfer Support Fund (TTSF) will support promising technological research with an existing prototype or advanced model for industrialization/commercialization. The fund will be open to existing students and faculty members of both public and private universities in partnership with local industry. The TTSF will be targeted to specific sectors including telecommunication, information and technology and its application in health, textile, agriculture and agri-business such as dairy; engineering sciences, microelectronics, water, power, energy and fleet management; biotechnology; and material sciences, for example nano-technology. The support package will be executed through the Offices of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC). If the selected researchers are from a university which does not have an ORIC, HEC’s selection committee will assign the research team to work with a functional ORIC within geographical proximity of the research team. 30 Subcomponent 1.2: Encouraging Entrepreneurship and Self-employment This fund will provide a package of support through a seed fund to university students, recent graduates and faculty from both private and public universities. It will provide financial support for commercialization of a product or service, and/or incubation for a start-up. The package will also include entrepreneurial training, legal training and support, financial education and training among other services. The Innovator Seed Fund (ISF) will be implemented and supported through the Business Incubation Centers (BICs) already established and functional within specific universities in Pakistan. Sub-component 1.3: Local Challenge Funds This fund will encourage the Tier 2 universities/Higher Education Institutes to establish and strengthen their research capacities by competing for research grants for solutions for pressing socio-economic problems within the district or locality that the university is located in. The grant will be open to research addressing any of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goal targets, with a focus on generating or adapting solution to the local district/division level in Pakistan. The Local Challenge Fund will be setup as a matching grant fund with the province contributing to the research grant. The research grants will be selected on merit taking into account the relevance of the research to the local community, industry and local government. 2.3.2 Component 2: Supporting Decentralized Higher Education Institutes for Improved Teaching and Learning This component aims to improve the quality of education delivered by the Affiliated Colleges (ACs). The component will support almost 500 public ACs in improved teaching and learning activities by; (i) strengthening the college affiliation system; (ii) improving the curriculum offered in the ACs via change in the types of degree offered; (iii) encourage diversity of students being enrolled and link students and graduates to potential employers within the locality; (iv) improving monitoring and evaluation of the AC system; and (v) connecting ACs to the Pakistan Education Research Network.. Sub-component 2.1. Strengthening the Affiliation Mechanisms In order to make the affiliation mechanism more efficient, the project will support interventions for making affiliating universities (AUs) more pro-active to support ACs and their ACs more responsive to AUs. Activities include the establishment of units in the Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) of AUs which are dedicated to ACs and the formation of a “change team” in each AC. The AU units and the AC teams will enter into a memorandum of understanding spelling out their respective responsibilities. The project will support the development of new minimum quality standards for both entities. 31 Sub-component 2.2. Bringing Education in Affiliated Colleges at par with International Standards The project will support a comprehensive strategy to bring Pakistan’s tier 2 universities and ACs at par with international standards. First, it will facilitate the implementation of the HEC’s mandate to roll out 4-year Bachelor programs based on a semester/credit structure through a strengthening and revision (as required) of the curricula. The Bachelor Program has already been rolled out in almost 205 ACs, and will be rolled out in an additional 95 colleges during the life of the project. The project will support these colleges to transition and implement the program. The AU’s QEC-ACs will be responsible for providing support to these colleges on a regular basis. Detailed ToRs for the QEC-ACs will be developed and include the description of responsibility towards the ACs. HEC’s vision is also to focus the roll-out of the Bachelor programs in tier-2 universities during the life of the project. While curriculum structure for a large number of programs has already been revised, its implementation needs continuous effort to put faculty staff in a position to implement the new program. The project will support this effort in about 32 Tier 2 universities. In addition, in these 32 AUs, the project will also support provision of integral teaching learning tools such library and reference books, basic laboratory equipment and some minor civil work as needed for effective implementation of a good quality bachelors’ program. In addition, the project will support adoption of a gender policy which includes HEC’s policy on sexual harassment in these universities. Second, it will help develop the new 65-68 credit hour semester system Associate Degree (AD) program. The project will support the development of the new 2-year Associate Degree (AD) program, including curriculum framework and specified number of programs. The project will also support the roll-out of the AD programs in approximately 200 colleges through capacity building of faculty and management. The selection of these ACs for AD programs will be done by provincial governments, against criteria defined by HEC. Criteria include, inter alia, selection of at least 50 percent all women colleges. About 21 affiliating universities (AUs) will be involved and have been pre- identified. The development of AD curricula will reflect the ACs’ mission to equip students with mid-level skills and the need to strengthen STEM disciplines. Development of the curricula will include close consultation and engagement of the selected colleges’ locality and local socio-economic needs. A need assessment will precede the implementation of an AD program in a specific AC. 32 Finally, it will support capacity development of faculty and management in almost 500 ACs and 32 AUs to implement the Bachelor program and the AD programs effectively. A comprehensive capacity building plan will be rolled out to facilitate the implementation of the revised curriculum and the semester structure of the AD and Bachelor program. In-service training will be provided to established faculty staff and administrative staff. The training of Master Trainers (faculty and management) will be conducted under the umbrella of the National Academy of Higher Education (NAHE). The Master Trainers trained will impart the further training through their Affiliated Universities’ staff development centers. Sub-component 2.3: Improving the relevance of ACs to support the local socio-economic landscape The first set of interventions under this sub-component will support and encourage students, in particular girls to enroll in and continue their education within the new 4- year bachelor system; and support women to enter and progress in diversified fields of study such as material sciences and mathematics. The project will support female students and students from disadvantaged backgrounds in transitioning from a 2- year AD degree to a 4-year Bachelor program. This will be done through a bridging semester in the AUs offering the 4-year bachelors’ degree - with particular emphasis on STEM disciplines where women are underrepresented allowing students to acquire the academic foundations needed for bachelor studies. At least 50% of the colleges that benefit from these bridge programs will be women colleges. Second, the sub-component will support monitoring of the learning outcomes of the newly introduced degrees. AC student learning assessment will be piloted in order to measure progress linked to the project activities. In parallel, tracer studies will be conducted to assess the longer-term impact of the activities on the performance of AC students in the labor market. Finally, the sub-component will support transformation of approximately 20 ACs of the selected 200 to community colleges on a pilot basis. HEC vision 2025 aims to introduce 150 Community Colleges in the country to provide more access and opportunities in academic, technical and vocational trades. These courses would also enable citizens of all ages to pursue diverse programs in order to develop their creative and problem- solving skills. With the project support, HEC intends to introduce 2 to 3 additional subjects of 3 credit hours each focusing on developing market driven technical skills in affiliated colleges offering Associate Degree programs. These courses will be developed as bridging semester/courses for AD to transition into the 4 year Bachelor Program. To support this transformation, 20 ACs will be selected from already targeted 200 colleges for Associate Degrees and provided the requisite curriculum and staff development from HEC, in collaboration with HEDs to implement these bridging programs. 33 Sub-component 2.4: Connecting Affiliated Colleges to Pakistan Education and Research Network (PERN) As a part of its commitment to strengthen education and research enhancing connectivity for higher education institutes (supported through component 3 below), HEC will support the expansion of PERN to institutions (particularly affiliated colleges) using ‘last -mile’ connections. A total of 300 colleges will be added to the existing PERN network. As part of the last-mile connections, the colleges will receive a campus network, using eduroam technology that offers free WiFi to all staff and students. These connections will be created using the existing PERN infrastructure, that has already connected several affiliated colleges in a few provinces. Colleges will be selected based on Request for Proposals (RFPs), with proposals being submitted from the provincial authorities, affiliating universities and colleges. Credentials for college staff and students will be managed by either the affiliating universities or PERN centrally, depending on the level of readiness of the IT units in the relevant universities. A cost sharing agreement to ensure maintenance and running costs for PERN will be worked out between HEC and respective Higher Education Departments (HEDs) to ensure that the services provided under the project are sustained. 2.3.3 Component 3: Equipping Students and Higher Education Institutions with Modern Technology The objective of this component is to leverage technology to improve the teaching, learning and research environment in Pakistan. This component has three main activities, namely (i) Updating the policy framework for ICT and online learning, (ii) Enhancing PERN Activities, (iii) Vertical expansion of PERN to provide a better service to higher education institutions. . Sub-component 3.1: Improving the policy environment for ICT use This subcomponent will involve the drafting of a new ICT Strategy that sets out the overall vision on the use of technology, while also reviewing quality assurance and accreditation standards and guidelines to facilitate innovation. The new ICT Strategy will also focus on how PERN can be leveraged to develop blended education content, reflecting on the technology needs (Learning Management Systems (LMS), cloud-services, use of international vs. national bandwidth), as well as on the pedagogical and didactical model underlying the blended learning (flipping the classroom, use of learning outcomes, etc.). Subcomponent 3.2: Enhancing PERN Activities PERN is a leased fiber-optic network that connects all universities in Pakistan, providing both an internet connection and online services to facilitate teaching, learning and research. Over the last year, PERN has started the migration into its third phase, with expanded connectivity, and a better managed backbone. In line with this upgrade, the HEC will develop an improved governance system for PERN. This will include allocating more human resources to manage the network, as well as developing a model to further diversify generation of income to manage and sustain the network. PERN will also 34 professionalize its relationship with the universities, by giving universities more control over their campus networks (e.g. by facilitating more network monitoring and management and creating a measurement station at each Point of Presence or ‘PoP’). Building on the Pakistan identity federation servers and its participation in eduGAIN (an international network connecting identity federations), PERN will improve Identity and Access Management (IAM), by giving universities Identity Provider Status (IDP status), and moving its services (digital library, network measurement, ticketing, Customer Relations Management platforms, etc.) under this new Identity Access Management infrastructure. Finally, PERN will expand its training offer to universities by creating a certified pool of master trainers, which can conduct training programs on a variety of topics related to network management and service offering. Sub-component 3.3: Expanding PERN vertically This sub-component will support the expansion of cloud services (X as a Service or XAAS), leveraging the new IAM infrastructure. PERN will use a platform-approach for cloud services, in line with international standards for NRENs. Some of these cloud services will be offered directly by PERN or by universities connected to PERN, while others can be offered by third parties to the members of PERN. One central cloud service is the expansion of data centers to create storage to enable other cloud services that can be offered through PERN (e.g. storing research data, video-data, student data, etc.). Secondly, PERN will procure a high-performance computing cluster that can be used for research purposes (i.e. big data analytics). A third service is the development of blended learning in universities, through the development of a platform from which universities can establish an LMS. 2.3.4 Component 4: Higher Education Management Information System and Data Driven Services The objective of this component is to improve the usage of data for policy-decisions at national level and in higher education institutions. This subcomponent consists of two main activities. The first activity is the creation of a national level data repository at HEC, which can be used for planning and strategic purposes. The second activity is to digitize and automate the financial and student administration of the universities. Subcomponent 4.1: HEC Data Repository To create the data repository, the HEC will design a data system that maps out which kinds of indicators and variables are needed for its planning purposes. The data system will hold key variables (updated at least yearly, but ideally more frequently) on students, enrolments, staff, financials, facilities etc. of all universities in Pakistan. The repository will be created by developing a robust portal along with a data transferring tool. The data integrated into this solution is already collected as part of HEC’s regulatory work (primarily by SIU and Finance Units) and is currently available in Excel format. Initially, HEC staff will feed the data into the portal from the existing proformas, and once the portal is 35 operational, the universities will be enabled to feed data into the system directly, through a data transferring tool that contains basic data validation. Subcomponent 4.2: Digitization of University Administration This subcomponent will support initiative to digitize the administration of universities, which will make university administration more transparent. This will include two sub- activities, (a) to develop a cloud-based enterprise resource planning system (ERP) to manage their human resources, finances and procurement tasks and (b) a digital student administration package that manages the student lifecycle. As a first step, the HEC will ask universities to express their interest and commitment to migrate their administration to an ERP. In the second step, HEC and the universities will index which administrative functions and tasks of the universities can be mapped to these systems. In the case of the ERP, this could potentially include e.g. signing documents, invoicing, payments, contracts, expenses, accounting, RFPs, bidding, and other functions. In the case of the student administration, this could potentially include core and ancillary solutions to take care of admissions; records and enrollment; courses, classes and scheduling; academic advisement, and; student financials, etc. These functions will be mapped to existing structures inside the administration of the universities, and a capacity assessment will be made for the transition. In a third step, bidding documents will be prepared, with the aim of procuring a commercial off the shelf system that is contextualized for the particular university sub-sectors. As a fourth step, the universities will pilot these systems, and attempt to migrate their functions to this new system. Once the system is operational, university administrators will be trained to use this new system. 2.3.5 Component 5: Capacity Building, Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation The project will support the implementation of the activities under various components and sub-components through a comprehensive but targeted set of technical assistance (TA) activities aimed at capacity building of HEC, universities and other relevant HEIs (including ACs). TA will be provided for following purposes: (i) support to the ORICs and BICs for the implementation of both the TTSF grant and the ISF; (ii) support to the HEC new directorate for ACs, Affiliating universities QEC units dedicated to ACs and ACs’ change teams; (iii) support the establishment of the NAHE, which will include capacity building through twinning programs with foreign and reputable universities offering packages similar to the objectives of NAHE. The capacity building activity will support institutionalization of academic and managerial trainings of the faculty and various levels of management staff of HEIs through a service provided by NAHE; (iv) technical support for components 3 and 4 In addition to the capacity building TA, this component will support project operating costs such as cost of consultants hired for the implementation of the project supporting the HEC Project Coordination Division, operational cost such as equipment and supervision cost 36 (transportation and per diems). This will support the monitoring and evaluation of the project and verification of the DLI achievement including the hiring and reimbursement of third party verification agency. This component will also allow HEC and provincial governments to undertake or commission studies (including tracer surveys, satisfaction surveys, gender studies) and/or to recruit short term consultants as need unfolds during the project life. 2.4 Project Implementation HEC will set up a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) for taking care of the day-to-day operations, while the thematic and other operational matters of the project/subprojects such as planning, procurements, finances, training and capacity-building, ICT, monitoring, reporting, etc. will be dealt by the respective Section/Division/Cell of HEC such as LI, Academics, QAA, R&D, M&E, etc.. For this purpose the concerned staff members will be well oriented and trained in their respective fields related to the project/subproject’s activities. 2.4.1 Institutional Arrangement The institutional arrangement for the environmental and social assessment of the project is presented in Figure 1. The proponent HEC shall be responsible for the compliance of environmental and social safeguard requirements of the HEDP project components. The project activities at HEC shall be monitored and managed by the Project Coordination Unit (PCU), to be established specifically for HEDP. The objectives for environmental and social management under PCU are: 1. Analyze the potential environmental and social impacts in grants to be financed. 2. Consider the potential environmental and social impacts in grants during the evaluation stage. 3. Include specific measures to avoid environmental and social impacts of selected grants 4. Ensure adequate supervision and monitoring during the implementation of the grants, including OSH aspect. The Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) shall operate under PCU which shall take care of the environmental and social safeguard requirements of the project components. The ESC shall be comprised of environmental and social specialists. The ESC shall have the liberty to outsource environmental and social compliance requirements to different consultants and specialists. The consultants shall facilitate ESC in preparing environmental and social assessment, monitoring and compliance documents. The ESC have to ensure the compliance of ESMF including:  The review of environmental assessments or documents that analyze the environmental and social impacts of the grants.  Field supervision of social and environmental aspects of the proposals. 37  Ensure compliance of mitigation measure and request the suspension of disbursements to beneficiaries until the necessary remedial action are implemented.  When necessary, consult with other national and provincial entities with competencies in environmental and social management.  Preparation of internal reports. The ESC shall ensure that each call for proposals must include environmental and social guidelines for proponents. These guidelines will ensure that proponents will comply with the following aspects in their proposals:  Environmental and social risks of the proposed activities, especially those related to effluents, emission and the measures to manage them.  Risks related to health, biosafety, chemical safety, radioactive safety and OHS, and the measures to manage these risks.  Potential environmental impacts in ecosystems and the measures to minimize and avoid such impacts.  Potential social impacts, on indigenous people and vulnerable groups, and the mechanisms to manage them.  Environmental clearances/ no objections from the relevant entities, when necessary. ESC shall approve or reject the project activities or research projects as per the screening outcome carried out during proposal stage. For all the project proposals, the following screening processes are proposed: a) Research projects:  The proposed research project(s) and subproject(s) which can be categorized under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000 [Annexure 1], have to fulfill the applicable legal requirements including either Initial Environmental Examination [IEE], Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] or any other applicable requirement; and  The laboratory-based research projects. These will go through a simple assessment of laboratory facilities and their experience on laboratory. This assessment will be in addition to the identification of possible environmental and social impacts of the proposed project(s) and subproject(s). The checklist for such research proposals is attached as [Annexure 4]. b) Small Works projects:  The proponent of the proposed project(s) and subproject(s) involving infrastructure renovation and/or refurbishing construction works, fulfilling eligibility criteria for funding, have to be screened through checklist [Annexure 2]. This screening is intended to identify the activities that may have environmental and social impacts. The specific measures that should be taken into consideration while evaluating such project(s) and 38 subproject(s) proposals are attached as [Annexure 3]. These measures will also be included as part of the bidding documents of contractors and in the documents that ward the grants. The approved proposals will have to demonstrate that the relevant clearances would be obtained. This will be a disbursement condition for the grants. The ESC will be following environmental and social guidelines for screening of project proposals. The environmental and social guidelines are as follows:  The project proposals must follow environmental and social compliance guidelines as described in the call of proposals.  The project proposals must include the compliance of applicable and existing legal framework relevant to project proponents.  Any project proposal involving risks for human health will have to get all the relevant clearance to certify that these would include adequate OS&H protection and control measures.  Any project proposal with significant environmental impacts or involving risks for human health and that cannot be mitigated will be rejected.  Any project proposal without facilities to endure ethical treatment of animals will not be financed.  Any project proposal creating risk for protected areas, natural habitats or endangered/under risk of extinction species will not be financed.  Any project proposal involving land use conversion near natural habitat will not be financed.  Any project proposal involving works related to land acquisition, resettlement, physical or economic displacement, forced evictions or involuntary movements, indigenous people of Kailash, will not be financed.  Any project proposal involving: - greenhouse or field activities using GMO will have to address and include plan for compliance with the biosafety measures. - laboratory activities, using pathogens or GMOs will adopt best practice biosafety measures and/or ISO standards. - laboratory activities, using nanotechnology will adopt the Economic European Community code for responsible conduct. - use of pesticides, will have to comply with the applicable legal requirements of use of pesticides. Moreover, the integrated pest management principles must be included and addressed appropriately. - the construction of small physical infrastructure Renovation and/or Refurbishing Construction Works, will adopt the specific measures included in the ESMF. In case of approved projects, ESC shall be responsible for preparing two types of environmental and social documents. One of these documents shall be prepared for the compliance of provincial environmental requirements and submitted to respective provincial Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for acquiring No Objection Certificate (NOC) and other types of documents shall be prepared for the compliance of safeguard 39 requirements of World Bank and submitted to World Bank Safeguard Staff for review, approval and for further action. The ESC is suggested to keep a record of project activities and clearly document associated roles and responsibilities and the project timeline. A sample project tracking format is given as Table 3. Table 3: ESC Project Tracking Format Project Project Phase Environmental Timeline Responsibility Intervention and social due diligence Small Preparation Be very ESC, works exhaustive in Contractors, what needs to be Recipient or done so this can project be an input to the proponents, project’s EPAs etc. operational manual. Construction/ As above As above Operation Research Preparation of call of As above As above Grants proposals Eligibility / As above As above selecting of projects Implementation As above As above supervision of projects 40 Figure 1: HEDP Institutional Arrangement HEC ▼ HEDP ▼ Project Coordination Unit [PCU] Submitting EIA/IEE for Approval and NOC Acquiring Provincial ▼ Environmental ► Protection Agency Environment & Social Cell ► Submitting Environmental & Social Safeguard Documents for ▼ Review and Approval World Bank Environmental & Social Consultants ► HEDP Screening of the subprojects Subprojects 2.5 Project Monitoring Monitoring of the ESMP is required at construction phase (if construction is involved) and operational phase of the project components. The monitoring is the requisite for 41 World Bank and Provincial Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The monitoring framework is illustrated in Figure 2. 2.5.1 Planning and Selection Phase Monitoring Planning and Selection phase monitoring of the project components shall be required for the compliance of ESMP as well as other specific environmental and social measures. a) Project Coordination Unit: The overall responsibility of compliance of with the project’s environmental and social requirements and arrangements as well as compliance reporting to World Bank and provincial EPA is with HEC. The Project Coordination Unit (PCU), established under HEC for the management of HEDP project activities, shall overall supervise the monitoring and compliance of EMP. Environmental and Social Cell (ESC): The Environment and Social Cell (ESC) under PCU shall overall take care of environmental and social aspects of the project activities. ESC will be in charge of the screening of the research proposals. ESC will also advice project proponents on how to meet the environmental and social standards under the different financing windows with the project. ESC will advise the selection process of the proposals to confirm that they meet the environmental and social criteria established by this ESMF. ESC will also screen the proposals requesting funds to finance small works and will confirm that these meet the eligibility criteria from an environmental point of view. ESC will provide the template to prepare CESMP for contractors. 2.5.2 Implementation Phase Monitoring The overall responsibility of compliance related to the implementation of environmental and social requirements as well as compliance is with HEC. b) Project Coordination Unit: Project Coordination Unit (PCU) shall overall monitor the implementation of safeguards related aspects in project activities. ESC shall arrange environmental monitoring and prepare compliance reports and submit to PCU for further submitting to the World Bank to fulfill its monitoring, reporting, and compliance requirement of environmental and social safeguard. In case of small construction projects, the Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan (CPEMP) shall be prepared and appended with the tender document for the contractors. It will be a standard document. The contractors should be required to prepare their own site specific EMPs. These EMPs shall contain following plans to eliminate, offset or reduce environmental, health and safety impacts during construction phase:  Sanitation plan  Soil pollution control plan  Dust control plan  Waste management plan  Health and safety plan  Noise abatement plan  Traffic management plan  Campsite restoration plan 42  Tree plantation plan a) The compliance of CPEMP shall be the responsibility of the contractor and compliance cost shall be added in the bidding documents. The ESC shall have the responsibility to ensure compliance of CPEMP during construction phase through contractors. The compliance would require measurements of environmental parameters and observations at the construction sites to evaluate compliance. The compliance reports shall be submitted by the respective project executer to the ESC of the PCU. The laboratory reports shall be the part of these compliance reports. The respective project executer shall take corrective actions and preventive measures in case of any nonconformity against the ESMP. These corrective and preventive measures and rectification shall also be the part of the compliance reports. The PCU shall submit the compliance reports to World Bank b) Environmental Laboratory: The PCU shall have the leverage to hire the services of competent environmental laboratory to monitor environmental parameters during project execution. . 43 Figure 2: HEDP ESMF Supervision and Monitoring Arrangement Submitting Monitoring & Compliance Reports to WB World Bank ► Project Coordination Unit (PCU) ▲ Compliance Reports to PCU ▼ IEE/EIA Compliance Environment Reports to EPA & Social Cell ► Provincial (ESC) Environmental Protection Agency ▲ Compliance Reports to ESC ▼ ESMP Env. & Social Management Monitoring Consultant and Plan for Compliance Supervision Evaluation Research ► Activities and Small Work ▲ Environmental Monitoring at Sites & Reports to ESC ◄ Environmental Laboratory 44 2.6 Analysis of Project Alternatives 2.6.1 No Project Option Without this project, Pakistan would continue to be lacking in fundamental and applied research relevant to its social, environmental, economic, and technology issues. The most important reasons behind this lacking are education and research institutions capacity and lack of funds. Demand for the improvement in the education and research institutions has become essential in the light of cropping up of both immediate and long term manmade and natural issues faced by the country. Pakistan is one of the most flood- prone countries in the South Asia Region (SAR); having suffered US$18 billion in losses between 2005 and 2014 (US$10.5 billion from the 2010 floods alone), equivalent to around 6 percent of the federal budget.7 Hydromet hazards have been coupled with rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization, leading to a disproportionate and growing impact on the poor. The frequency and quantity of precipitation in Pakistan is becoming increasingly unpredictable. The severity of these hazards is likely to be exacerbated due to climate change. By 2030, annual average flood damages are projected to increase five-fold relative to 2010.8 In addition, these extreme weather events create vulnerabilities in major natural asset-based sectors. In view of the vulnerability of the country to multiple social, economic, environmental, technology development, and disasters and climate-related risks, strengthening of education and research institutions in Pakistan is considered strategic in assisting the Government to achieve its national goals and global commitments, especially the Five- Year Development Plan of the Government of Pakistan (GoP), SDGs, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) which among many other things, emphasize upon disaster-specific resilience in light of risk-informed development. The Project, by enhancing the capacity of HEC and its affiliated universities and colleges is likely to contribute in establishing the foundation for the sustainable development of the country. 2.6.2 Project Research Sites Alternatives It is anticipated that the major focus of the researches to be conducted under the project will be applied in nature. Owing to this factor, alternative research sites are considered when the project location is sensitive to environmental and/or social impacts associated either to the nature of the research, involved physical works, and due to the operations of the research project sites. At present, the type and nature of research projects is not known. An analysis of alternative locations for sub-projects locations will be provided in the ESMPs prepared for each specific research project. In order to mitigate and avoid adverse environmental impacts, no project site shall be selected and funded under the program that is likely to:  Generate irreversible environmental impacts on affected parties and third parties;  Impact on the natural habitat;  Impact on physical and cultural resources; or 7 World Bank (2015) Fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment Options for Consideration: Pakistan. Chapter 1, page 2. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21920 8 http://floods.wri.org/#/country/170/Pakistan 45  Cause serious occupational or health risks. This notwithstanding, it is explicitly stated that no project site will selected and research will be financed by the program that could be anticipated to lead to or aggravate social conflict between or within communities. To further mitigate and avoid adverse social impacts, no investment shall be funded under the program that:  Requires physical displacement of households;  Is likely to create or exacerbate conflict within communities;  Have significant impacts on vulnerable and/or marginalized/indigenous groups. When undertaking the appraisal of potential research projects, these aspects of environmental and social impacts shall be considered explicitly and, if recommended for implementation, it shall be stated that none of the above prohibiting factors applies. 46 3 REGULATORY REVIEW This chapter briefly describes the national and World Bank laws, policies, strategies, guidelines, codes and procedures for the categorization, screening, environmental assessment and environmental compliance of the proposed project/subprojects which are intended to be financed by World Bank. The project should comply all the relevant national, provincial, local government laws and World Bank guidelines to provide legitimacy to the project implementation and operations and to ensure that environmental and social impacts at the project and sub-project levels are minimized and mitigated 3.1 National Laws, Policies and Strategies This section briefly describes applicable laws, policies and strategies of the Government of Pakistan relevant for the research projects at the national sub-national levels. Following policies are relevant to the project and linked sub-projects with respect to environmental guidelines and identification of environment and social issues and accordingly researches need to be conducted for specific issues: 1. National Policies:  Climate Change Policy of Pakistan 2012  National Environmental Policy, 2005 2. National and Provincial Legislation:  Environmental Protection Act 1997  Provincial Environmental Protection Acts of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pukhtun Khwa, and Baluchistan  Pakistan Climate Change Act 2016  Forest Protection Laws and Rules  The Canal and Drainage Act 1873  Pakistan Penal Code  The Antiquities Act, 1975  The Public Health (Emergency Provision) Act 1954 read with West Pakistan Epidemic Control Act 1958  Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007)  Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001  Land Acquisition Act 1894  Agricultural Pesticide Ordinance, 1971  Pakistan Biosafety Rules 2005  Factories Act 1934 3.1.1 Relevant National Policies These policies provides an overarching common framework for addressing the environmental issues facing Pakistan, particularly adaptation and mitigation of climate change impacts, pollution of fresh water bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters and climate change. These policies also give directions for addressing the cross sectoral issues as well as the underlying causes of environmental degradation and meeting international obligations. Effectiveness of the implementation of these policies varies. However, these policies identify many issues on which research should be done. Climate Change Policy of Pakistan 2012: Pakistan being one of the top 10 most affected countries of climate change requires applied and fundamental researches in the areas of climate change mitigations and adaptation. Climate Change Policy 2012 and Climate Change Act 2016 are the basic policy and regulatory instruments in the hands of government of Pakistan to facilitate the implementation of mitigations and adaptations relevant to Pakistan. Climate Change Policy (CCP) establishes that urban and rural areas in Pakistan are already affected by short-term climate changes. In the long term, it is predicted that areas located in the irrigated plains and along the coast will be significantly affected by climate changes. It is predicted that due to climate changes, changes in hydrological cycle (intensive and erratic monsoon rains, flash floods, increased availability of water due to increased melting of glaciers in the short term; and decrease in water availability in the long term due to decrease in glacier flows) and increase in temperature will affect different parts of Pakistan. 50 cyclonic storms developed in the northern Arabia Sea during 1946-2004. CCP predicts that due to climate change, extreme weather events such as heat and cold waves, heavy or too little precipitation, and strong winds will occur more frequently and will cause health impacts, for example, diarrheal diseases because of insufficient clean water availability for drinking and personal hygiene. It is predicted that vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever may increase. Similarly, extreme weather events will express themselves in the form of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, landslides, and urban flooding. CCP recommends the following strategic actions for conducting applied research:  Framework for the development of city-specific strategic plans, including drainage of rainwater,  Measures and technologies for water resource management (surface and sub- surface) at the national, sub-national, and local level,  Technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse,  Mitigations and adaptations for flood protection,  Climate change impacts on public health, mitigations and adaptations,  Disaster management system, and  Strengthen early warning systems, National Environmental Policy, 2005: Major research areas identified by National Environmental policy are: Water Supply and Management  Develop and promote appropriate technologies for rain water harvesting in rural as well as urban areas 48  Establishment of water consumption standards by water use and accordingly develop technologies for water conservation. Air Quality and Noise  Develop technologies for air pollution abatement and control Waste Management  Develop discharge licensing system for industry  Develop methods and techniques for encouraging reduction, recycling and reuse of municipal and industrial solid and liquid wastes  Develop financial and other incentives (reduction/elimination of tariffs, low interest loans, appreciation certificates and awards) for technology up-gradation, adoption of cleaner technology, implementation of pollution control measures and compliance with environmental standards 3.1.2 Relevant National and Provincial Legislation: Environmental Protection Act: The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA- 97) is the apex environmental law in the country, and provides for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and for promotion of sustainable development. After the 18th amendment in 2010, the power to legislate and decide on the subject of “environmental pollution and ecology” now lies with the provincial government, however, “climate change” remains under federal jurisdiction. Environmental protection acts relevant to all the anticipated projects or subprojects include following: 1. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (For Islamabad and Federally Administered Tribal Areas) 2. Punjab Environmental Punjab Act (Amendment 2012) 3. Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014 4. Balochistan Environmental Protection Act 2013 5. KPK Environmental Protection Act 2014 All the sub-projects of the project will go through environmental assessment screening i.e. IEE/EIA at the proposal stage and later during commissioning and implementation stages. In addition, wherever emissions will be generated these need to be complied with the Environmental Standards. Compliance with environmental protection acts is one of the essential requirement. Pakistan Climate Change Act 2016: Pakistan Climate Change Council has been established under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister. The Council coordinates and supervises the enforcement of the provisions of the Act, monitor implementation of the 49 international agreements relating to climate change, approve and monitor implementation of comprehensive adaptation and mitigation policies, strategies, plans, programs, projects and other measures formulated by the authority to meet Pakistan’s internation al obligations, monitor the implementation of National Adaptation Plan and its constituent provincial and local adaptation action plans, approve guidelines for the protection and conservation of renewable and non- renewable resources, species, habitats and biodiversity adversely affected or threatened by climate change. The Minister In-charge of the Federal Government shall establish the Pakistan Climate Change Authority to exercise the powers and perform the functions under the Act. The functions of the authority shall be to formulate comprehensive adaptation and mitigation policies, plans, programs, projects and measures designed to address the effects of climate change, establish institutional and policy mechanism for implementation of Federal and provincial adaptation and mitigation policies, plans, programs, projects and measures, prepare suitable adaptation and mitigation projects for submission to international and local institutions for funding, including Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Global Environmental Facility (GEF), Green Climate Fund and Adaptation Fund, prepare National Adaptation Plan and its constituents provincial and local adaptation plans, carry out Technology Need Assessment and prepare Climate Change Technology Action Plan in accordance with international best practices, prepare projects for funding under the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Mechanism, prepare guidelines for the protection and conservation of renewable and non-renewable resources, species, habitats and biodiversity which are adversely affected or threatened by climate change, advise Government regarding appropriate legislative, policy and implementation measures and actions relating to disaster preparedness, capacity building, institutional strengthening and awareness raising in relevant sectors affected by climate change, advise the Government regarding implementation of international conventions, design, establish and maintain a national registry and database on greenhouse gas emissions etc. Climate Change Act demands research support in many areas for its effective implementation. The project during the identification of research areas can facilitate universities to select strategic research areas relevant to the Climate Change Act 2016 in coordination with Ministry of Climate Change. Forest Protection Laws and Rules: Since the project interventions will be carried out in four provinces including capital territories, the laws and rules relevant for the protection and conservation of forest, fisheries and wildlife in the country are listed below. However at present the location of research projects with respect to designated forest zones is not known. The provincial and national regulations will only be applicable if research projects will be conducted in the designated forest zones. 1. The Forest Act 1927 Amended 2016 2. Hazara Forest Act, 1936. 3. KPK Forest Ordinance 2002 4. Sindh Forest Act 2012 50 5. Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Act 2014 6. Punjab Firewood and Charcoal (Restriction) Act 1964 7. Punjab Forest (Sale of Timber) Act 1913 8. Punjab Plantation and Maintenance of Trees Act 1974 9. Punjab Land Preservation Act The Canal and Drainage Act 1873: The Canal and Drainage Act 1873 (CDA) focuses on construction and maintenance of drainage channels and defines powers to prohibit obstruction or order their removal. It briefly addresses issues relating to environmental pollution. Section 70(5) of the CDA clearly states that no one is allowed to “corrupt or foul the water of any canal so as to render it less fit for the purposes for which it is ordinarily used.” In addition, Section 73 of the CDA gives power to arrest without warrant or to be taken before the magistrate a person who has willfully damaged or obstructed the canal or “rendered it less useful.” Pakistan has a canal irrigation system for agriculture and there are 5 agriculture universities which are associated with HEC. Any project related to or proposed from these universities, their affiliated colleges or involving canal water and drainage should comply the requirements of this Canal and Drainage Act 1873. Pakistan Penal Code: The Penal Code discusses offences where public or private properties and/or human lives are affected due to intentional or accidental misconduct of an individual or body of people. The Code defines the penalties for violations concerning pollution of air, water bodies and land. In the context of this program, the Penal Code can provide a basis for the infrastructure projects to coordinate activities with the local authorities to ensure that construction and operation activities do not become a cause of public nuisance or inconvenience. The Antiquities Act, 1975: This Act defines how to repeal and reenact the law relating to the preservation and protection of antiquities. The federal government may, by notification in the official Gazette, declare any antiquity to be a protected antiquity for the purposes of this Act. A contravention of any provision of this Act or the rules shall, where no punishment has been specification provided, be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or with a fine which may extend to PKR 5,000, or with both. The Public Health (Emergency Provision) Act 1954 read with West Pakistan Epidemic Control Act 1958: These two laws cover the presentation and spread of human diseases, safeguarding the public health and providing and maintaining adequate medical services and other services essential to the health of the communities in the project research areas. These laws become highly relevant to the biological researches and their linked public health issues. These laws need to be essential complied while preparing and conducting field and laboratory researches. 51 Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007): The project activities include renovation and construction of a few new buildings. The Pakistan Engineering Council governs the application of Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007). Prior to the start of construction the proposed sub project will take design approval from PEC. The obligates following;  The provisions of the Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007) shall apply for engineering design of buildings, like structures and related components.  Construction of buildings in violation of the Building Code shall be considered as violation of professional engineering work as specified under clause (XXV) of section 2 of the Act. The project activities will comply with the seismic provision during building design. Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001: These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land use, the conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public health and safety. These ordinances are highly relevant to all the field research projects and building development activities of the project. Local governments of Pakistan are facing serious capacity issues for the implementation of their mandates. Variety of researches are required in the areas of improvement methods and models for local level governance, waste management (wastewater, solid waste, soil contamination etc.) and public health. The project in collaboration with local governments can conduct multiple applied researches to solve the governance, infrastructure, environmental and social issues. Land Acquisition Act 1894: It is mentioned in the Project Description Section that the project will not be involved in the construction of new buildings at new locations and consequently no acquisition of land will be involved in the project. It is also the understanding that the project will not acquire land for any field research. The field research will only be conducted in the already designated farms such as PARC and NARC research farms for agriculture research. Agriculture Pesticide Ordinance 1971: The project activities include research work related to agriculture. The import, manufacture, formulation, sale, distribution and use of pesticides is controlled by the Agricultural Pesticide Ordinance, 1971, through the Agricultural Pesticides Rules, 1973. The ordinance covers:  Pesticide registration  Period for which registration shall be effective, renewal or cancellation of registration  guidance for import, proper labelling of packages, storage and use of pesticides  quality check through public analyst at Federal/Provincial Pesticide laboratories  appointment of inspectors to monitor pesticides  penalties for defaulters  laws relating to the above mentioned aspects 52 The list of banned pesticides is attached as Annexure 5. Pakistan Biosafety Rules 2005: The project activities which include research work involving microorganism and gene technological products will be following Pakistan biosafety rules 2005. The rules are applied following the National Biosafety Guidelines 2005. These guidelines have been prepared keeping in view the guidelines prepared by UNIDO, FAO, WHO, UNEP, and all the developed and developing countries with modification to suit our unique and specific socio-economic and geographic environment. The objective of these guidelines is to prevent unintentional negligence leading to misuse and irresponsibility by laboratory workers/researchers as well as the end users. Factories Act 1934: The project activities needs focus on occupational health and safety aspects for all the staff carrying out their specific responsibilities. The factories act 1934 provides concerns about health & safety as well as about inspection, working hours, holidays with pay, and special provisions for adolescents and children. The act is now amended to fulfill the provincial needs as the Punjab factories act 2012, the Khyber Pakhtun Khwa factories act 2013 and the Sind factories act 2015. The project activities will be following the relevant applicable legal requirements in this case. 3.2 World Bank Safeguard Policies Table 4 presents the World Bank’s environmental and social policies, consisting of 11 Operational Policies9 and the bank’s disclosure policy, and also describes their relevance to HEDP project. The project and sub-projects will not conduct following activities: - Disturbance to the natural habitats - Disturbance to the indigenous people - Disturbance to physical and cultural resources - Land acquisition - Table 4: Safeguard Policies Applicability No. Operational Brief Description HEDP Relevance Policies 1 Environmental To help ensure the environmental and Yes Assessment social soundness and sustainability of [OP 4.01] investment projects. 2 Performance To facilitate Bank financing for private No relevance is anticipated. The Standards for sector led economic development project will not fund proposals Private Sector projects by applying environmental and involving activities initiated by Activities social policy standards that are better the private sector. [OP 4.03] suited to the private sector, while enhancing greater policy coherence and 9 https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-policies 53 cooperation across the World Bank Group. 3 Natural Habitats To promote environmentally sustainable No direct relevance is [OP 4.04] development by supporting the anticipated. The project will not protection, conservation, maintenance, fund proposals involving and rehabilitation of natural habitats and activities related to natural their functions. habitats. 4 Pest Management To minimize and manage the Yes, as project interventions are [OP 4.09] environmental and health risks likely to be carried for associated with pesticide use and agriculture sector. These promote and support safe, effective, and researches and interventions environmentally sound pest might require pest management. management. 5 Indigenous To design and implement projects in a The Policy is triggered as a Peoples way that fosters full respect for precaution. The project does not [OP 4.10] Indigenous Peoples’ dignity, human specifically have research targets rights, and cultural uniqueness and so for the IP in Pakistan, but there that they: (a) receive culturally can be a research idea focusing compatible social and economic benefits; on them. However, the Project and (b) do not suffer adverse effects will not finance any physical during the development process. intervention on IP in any IP areas. 6 Physical Cultural To assist in preserving physical cultural No relevance is anticipated. The Resources resources and avoiding their destruction project will not fund proposals [OP 4.11] or damage. PCR includes resources of involving activities related to archaeological, paleontological, physical cultural resources. historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. 7 Involuntary To avoid or minimize involuntary No relevance is anticipated. The Resettlement resettlement and, where this is not project will not fund proposals [OP 4.12] feasible, to assist displaced persons in involving activities related to improving or at least restoring their involuntary resettlement. livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. 8 Forests To realize the potential of forests to Yes, as proposed project and [OP 4.36] reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, sub-projects may be located near integrate forests effectively into or inside the protected forest. sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests. 9 Safety of Dams To assure quality and safety in the design No direct relevance is [OP 4.37] and construction of new dams and the anticipated. The project will not rehabilitation of existing dams, and in fund proposals involving carrying out activities that may be activities related to safety of affected by an existing dam. dams 54 10 Projects in To assure that a project in a disputed area No direct relevance is Disputed Areas if the governments concerned agree that, anticipated. The project will not [OP 7.60] pending the settlement of the dispute, the fund proposals involving project proposed for country A should go activities related to projects in forward without prejudice to the claims disputed areas. of country B. 11 Projects on To ensure that the international aspects No direct relevance is International of a project on an international waterway anticipated. The project will not Waterways are dealt with at the earliest possible fund proposals involving [OP 7.50] opportunity. activities related to projects on international waterways. 12 Bank Disclosure Under the policy, the Bank would Yes Policy provide access to more information about projects under preparation, projects under implementation, analytic and advisory activities and Board proceedings 3.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment This policy requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for World Bank financing to help ensure that these are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. The EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. The Bank favors preventive measures over mitigatory or compensatory measures, whenever feasible. The EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (including physical cultural resources) and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. It also takes into account the variations in project and country conditions; the findings of country environmental studies; national environmental action plans; the country's overall policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the environment and social aspects; and obligations of the country, pertaining to project activities, under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The EA is initiated as early as possible in project processing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social, and technical analyses of a proposed project. As per the policy, the Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of the environmental assessment. The Bank classifies the proposed projects into one of four categories of A, B, C and FI depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. 55 3.2.2 OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management In assisting HECs to manage pests that affect either agriculture or public health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. In Bank-financed projects, the HEC addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessment. In appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank assesses the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. As necessary, the Bank and the HEC incorporate in the project components to strengthen such capacity. The HEC must adhere to integrated pest management principles for the research activities using or promoting the use of pesticides. 3.2.3 OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous People For purposes of the World Bank Operational Policy on Indigenous Peoples (OP 4.10), the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees:  Self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others;  Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories;  Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and  An indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country or region. The OP requires the project to define the process to be followed (detailed in the Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework) if it affects the indigenous people. Since there are identified indigenous people in Kalash valley in northern Pakistan (Chitral district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), this OP is triggered as a precaution. Since the Local Challenge Fund under Component 1 will provide grants for research to tackle pressing socioeconomic challenges within any given district or locality that the university is located in. The grant will be open to research addressing any of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goal targets, with a focus on adapting solution to the local district/division level in Pakistan. Since the fund is competitive and open to all universities (including the University of Chitral), there is a possibility that grant applications may be received for research focusing on Kailash people, valleys or land. Keeping that in mind, OP 4.10 is triggered as a precaution. All such requests will need to be vetted by the World Bank (under guidance of OP 4.10) and will be required to acquire all necessary and relevant clearances from the Bank. This due diligence will be carried out before initiating any type of review process by any entity. An IPPF has been prepared and disclosed for HEDP. 56 3.2.4 OP/BP 4.36 Forests The management, conservation, and sustainable development of forest ecosystems and their associated resources are essential for lasting poverty reduction and sustainable development, whether located in countries with abundant forests or in those with depleted or naturally limited forest resources. The objective of this policy is to assist HECs to harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests. Where forest restoration and plantation development are necessary to meet these objectives, the Bank assists HECs with forest restoration activities that maintain or enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. The Bank also assists HECs with the establishment and sustainable management of environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable forest plantations to help meet growing demands for forest goods and services. This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects:  Projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests;  Projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and  Projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. 3.2.5 BP 17.50 World Bank Disclosure Policy The World Bank reaffirms its recognition and endorsement of the fundamental importance of transparency and accountability to the development process. Accordingly, it is the Bank’s policy to be open about its activities and to welcome and seek out opportunities to explain its work to the widest possible audience. The WB Disclosure Policy will be applicable for this project. Under the policy, the Bank would provide access to more information about projects under preparation, projects under implementation, analytic and advisory activities and Board proceedings. 3.3 World Bank Guidelines The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental and social guidelines are listed below.  Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998: Towards Cleaner Production  Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues.  Social Analysis Sourcebook. 57 3.4 International Conventions/Agreements The following Table 5 shows the international conventions to which Pakistan is a signatory are relevant to project interventions: Table 5: International Conventions Category Convention/convention Came into force Chemicals and Stockholm Convention on Persistent April 2008 hazardous wastes Organic Pollutants conventions Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed July 2005 Consent procedures for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. Basel Convention on the control of Trans-boundary July 1994 Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. Atmosphere United Nations Framework Convention on Climate June 1994 conventions/protocols Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC Jan 2005 Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Dec1992 Layer. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Dec 1992 Ozone Layer. Land / environmental United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Feb 1997 cooperation (UNCCD) in those Countries Experiencing Serious conventions Drought and / or Desertification, Particularly in Africa. Cultural and natural Convention Concerning the Protection of World July 1976 heritage Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention) Biodiversity related Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). July 1994 conventions/protocols Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety to the Convention March 2009 on Biological Diversity. Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Nov 1976 especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) Convention on International Trade in Endangered April 1976 Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Dec 1987 Species of Wild Animals (CMS) 58 4 Environmental and Social Baseline: Environmental Challenges relevant to the Project’s Strategic Sectors 4.1 Baseline for small works at institutes As part of the support to Decentralized Higher Education Institutes for improved teaching and learning, the project includes a grant scheme devoted to the betterment of the physical facilities where the teaching is taking place. These small works will happen within buildings where the teaching activities usually take place, including the presence of students, teachers, and visitors. 4.2 Main features of the priority sectors for research activities Pakistan’s economic growth and development has come with extraordinary environmental costs. Natural resource and environmental degradation reduces the pace of growth and the quality of life10. The cost of environmental degradation in Pakistan is Rs. 365 billion per year or 6 percent of the GDP, mainly due to (i) illness and premature mortality caused by air pollution (indoor and outdoor), (almost 50 percent of the total damage cost); (ii) diarrhoeal diseases and typhoid due to inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene (about 30 percent of the total), and (iii) reduced agricultural productivity due to soil degradation (about 20 percent of the total) (World Bank, 2006)11. In the physical domain, the major threat is posed by climate change, associated with increased frequency and intensity of floods and hurricanes, prolonged droughts and growing water stress, shift of disease vectors, and the frightening possibility of the melting of the Himalayan icecaps12. Major environmental challenges of the key strategic sectors, identified by the project are as under: 4.2.1 Energy In Pakistan, primary energy sources are mainly thermal (64%), hydropower (27%), nuclear power (7%) and renewable energy (2%) 13. With regards to share of different sources of electricity generation, it can be observed that share of hydro in electricity generation has decreased over the last five years (Table 6), mainly due to lower availability of water. Presently the share of renewable sources to energy supply in Pakistan is only 2% but future prospects of renewable energy are encouraging in Pakistan 10 TheWorld Bank 2018. PAKISTAN PK@100 - Shaping the Future Environmental Sustainability. World Bank, Islamabad 11 World Bank. 2006. Pakistan - Strategic country environmental assessment (Vol. 2) : The cost of environmental degradation in Pakistan : an analysis of physical and monetary losses in environmental health and natural resources (English). Washington, DC: World Bank. 12 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 13 The Ministry of Energy (Power Division). 2018. Available from http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_18/14-Energy.pdf. with a total potential of about 167.7 GW which is more than enough to meet the total electricity demand of the country (Rafique & Rehman, 2017)14. Table 6: Share of Different Sources of Energy Source Share of Different Sources (percentage) 2012-13 2017-18 Thermal 64 64 Hydropower 31 27 Nuclear 5 7 Renewable energy 0 2 Source: Government of Pakistan’s Ministry of Energy (Power Division) Presently the share of renewable sources to energy supply in Pakistan is only 2% but future prospects of renewable energy are encouraging in Pakistan with a total potential of about 167.7 GW which is more than enough to meet the total electricity demand of the country (Rafique & Rehman, 2017)15. Presently the high dependence on fossil fuels is the biggest challenge of energy sector in Pakistan, which is 64% of all the available energy sources 16 , posing serious environmental challenges. The fossil fuel-based power generation in the country is projected to further grow. Coal fired power plants of cumulative capacity of 4,290 MW from indigenous coal and 5,201 MW from imported coal are under different stages of construction17. Coal technologies are the most polluting (GHGs and classic pollutants) because of their carbon dioxide content. Old and current coal-fired plants are also significantly more polluting in terms of SO2, NOx and CO). For the US, the environmental protection agency (EPA) identifies 2,249 pounds of average emission levels in the production of 1 MWh of electricity by coal. Due to lax enforcement as well as inadequate environmental regulation, in Pakistan emission levels are much higher. However, Pakistan does not have estimates of external cost for local conditions and technologies in use for competitive fuels. What we do know is that the emission of SO 2, NOx, CO, and PM10 is significantly higher than that of these pollutants in Europe or the US. So, the external cost in Pakistan will be higher18. The situation further exacerbates the challenges of energy-environment nexus, adversely impacting in terms of climatic changes, pollution and deforestation. Pakistan is an emerging economy. All the developments made through the current energy consumption patterns will increase the atmospheric concentrations of GHG and toxic pollutants and worsen the existing climate change vulnerabilities. External cost of power generation in 14 Rafique M. M. & Rehman, S. 2017. National energy scenario of Pakistan – Current status, future alternatives, and institutional infrastructure: An overview. 2017. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 69, 156-167. 15 Rafique M. M. & Rehman, S. 2017. National energy scenario of Pakistan – Current status, future alternatives, and institutional infrastructure: An overview. 2017. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 69, 156-167. 16 The Ministry of Energy Power Division. 2017-18 17 https://www.ips.org.pk/energy-environment-nexus-challenges-pakistan/ 18 https://www.ips.org.pk/energy-environment-nexus-challenges-pakistan/ 60 terms of unaccounted cost of environmental and health impacts are quite high. Major external costs of energy-related activities include air pollution, water pollution, negative health impacts and climatic changes19. Energy efficiency is very crucial for keeping a balance between energy, economic growth and environmental sustainability. For Pakistan, the measure of energy efficiency (in 2006) was 219 kilogram of oil equivalent (kgoe) per $1,000 GDP. For India, China, Brazil, UK, France, US, and Germany, the measures were 211, 317, 136, 116, 143, 183, and 131, respectively. The Chinese’s successful effort to increase its energy efficiency from 690 kgoe per $1,000 GDP to 317 kgoe in 15 years can have important lessons for Pakistan (Hussain, 2010)20. 4.2.2 Agriculture Development and Food Security Pakistan’s agriculture sector plays a central role in the economy as it contributes 18.9 percent to GDP and absorbs 42.3 percent of labour force. It is also an important source of foreign exchange earnings and stimulates growth in other sectors. During 2017-18, agriculture sector recorded a remarkable growth of 3.81 percent and surpassed its targeted growth of 3.5 percent and last year’s growth of 2.07 percent. Livestock having share of 58.92 percent in agriculture and 11.11 percent in GDP, recorded a growth of 3.76 percent compared to 2.99 percent during corresponding period last year. The Fishing sector having share of 2.10 percent in agriculture value addition and 0.40 percent in GDP, grew at 1.63 percent compared to growth of 1.23 percent in same period last year. Forestry sector having share of 2.09 percent in agriculture and 0.39 percent in GDP posted a positive growth of 7.17 percent against the negative growth of 2.37 percent recorded in same period last year due to higher timber production reported by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa21. Agricultural performance in Pakistan has been poor in recent years with slow growth (3.1% in 2011- 12 and 3.3% over the last decade). Major factors underlying this poor performance include a slow rate of technological innovation, limited adoption of progressive farming techniques, problems with quality, quantity and timeliness of input supply, limited investment in construction and maintenance of infrastructure; marketing and trade restrictions, pest and livestock disease problems, and limited amounts of credit for agricultural production and processing and the lack of agriculture-specific financing22. Pakistan ranks among the bottom one-third of countries surveyed by the Global Food Security Index (77 out of 113), with marginal improvements over the past few years. The index highlights issues with food quality and safety, as well as challenges in R&D in the sector. Without reform and investment, high population growth coupled with low agricultural growth could lead to food availability concerns. There are projections of a 19 Hussain, T. 2010. Pakistan’s Energy Sector Issues: Energy Efficiency and Energy Environmental Links. The Lahore Journal of Economics 15, 33-59 20 Hussain, T. 2010. Pakistan’s Energy Sector Issues: Energy Efficiency and Energy Environmental Links. The Lahore Journal of Economics 15, 33-59 21 http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_18/02-Agriculture.pdf 22 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 61 shortfall in grains of 5 million metric tons by 2030 (Kirby et al., 2017)23. The reasons have to do with inefficiencies in food distribution, low spending on agricultural R&D and inadequate food safety nets for those in severe poverty. Once a wheat exporter, Pakistan is now in danger of failing to even meet domestic demand for wheat. Such a scenario is not sustainable given the country’s growing population. It is estimated that half of the population of Pakistan experiences malnutrition. The prevalence of stunting (44%) among children aged less than five years has remained virtually unchanged since 1965. In Pakistan, 15% of children under age 5 suffer from acute malnutrition – the second-highest rate in the region. Similarly, a high percentage of the population is underweight or suffers from micronutrient deficiencies. Poverty and hunger is leading to extreme behavior and violence24. Agriculture related environmental challenges include excessive withdrawal of scarce freshwater resources, waterlogging and salinity, soil erosion and desertification, disintegration of agro-ecosystem with excessive use of chemicals and pesticides, human health ailments due to excessive use of hazardous chemical pesticides, GHG emissions and rangelands degradation. In Pakistan, about 11 million hectares are affected by water erosion and 3-5 million hectares by wind erosion. The amount of soil removed by wind is about 28 percent of total soil loss. Due to deforestation, forest cover is shrinking by 3.1percent and woody biomass by 5 percent annually (7000-9000 ha taken away annually). Free grazing of livestock, aridity and prolonged drought in arid lands have affected the biodiversity in various regions25. About 10 million tonnes of fertilizer and 144 thousand tonnes of pesticides are consumed in the country every year (2016-17)26. Pesticide use is increasing annually at a rate of about 6%. Pesticides, mostly insecticides, sprayed on the crops mix with the irrigation water, which leaches through the soil and enters groundwater aquifers. In 107 samples of groundwater collected from various locations in the country between 1988 and 2000, 31 samples were found to have contamination of pesticides beyond FAO/WHO safety limits27. Pakistan is predominantly an arid to semi-arid country with 68 million hectares of land lying in regions where the annual rainfall is less than 300 mm. One-fourth of the country’s land area, which is suitable for intensive agriculture, is threatened by wind and water erosion, salinity, waterlogging, flooding and loss of organic matter. The important driving forces of land degradation in Pakistan are intensive agriculture, unsustainable cropping pattern, unchecked use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, limited land resources and 23 Kirby, M, Mobin-ud-Din Ahmad, Mohammed Mainuddin, Tasneem Khaliq, and M.J.M. Cheema, 2017. Agricultural Production, Water Use, and Food Availability in Pakistan: Histroical Trends and Projections to 20150. Agricultural Water Management 179, 34–46. 24 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 25 http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_16/16_Environment.pdf 26 National Fertilizer Development Centre, Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform. 27 WWF Pakistan, 2007. Pakistan’s waters at risk. Lahore, Pakistan 62 population increase28. Total agriculture-related emissions of Pakistan were 139Mt CO2e in 200829. There is serious deficit of pollinators in Pakistan, due to various reasons such as loss, destruction and degradation of habitats, excessive tillage, destruction of trees, extensive weeding, deforestation, reduced genetic diversity of nectar plants, pests and pathogens, climate change, extensive and intensive use of pesticides especially insecticides and herbicides30. The economic value of insect pollinators in Himalayan region of Pakistan is US$ 954.59 million 31 . Recently the production value of pollinated dependent crop in Pakistan was quantified to be US$ 1.59 billion. Of the total value, fruits are dominant with US$ 0.98 billion, vegetables US$ 0.32 billion, nuts US$ 0.15 billion, oilseed US$ 0.13 billion and spices US$ 0.004 billion32 (Irshad and Stephen, 2013). There are 61 important pollinated crops used as food in Pakistan which include 26 fruit crops, 7 oilseed, 4 pulses, 19 vegetables, 2 spices and 3 nut trees. 4.2.3 Water Management and Use Pakistan’s rising water demands are mostly met by the Indus River System, supplying 180 billion cubic meters of water. The river system is sustained by glaciers in the Hindukush-Karakoram ranges, believed to be receding under influence of climate change and global warming. About 95% of the available water is withdrawn in agriculture/rural areas33. Pakistan’s water scenarios is given in Table 7. The country depends much on Indus Basin canal irrigation system, which is posed to serious operational, and maintenance issues. Huge water losses in transit through leakages, illegal pumping and inefficiency of the system adversely affect the small landholders and those at the tails of the distribution channels. The recurrence of droughts in certain areas and floods in recent years has further increased the number of food insecure people. These issues have reduced water use efficiency at farm level a major reason of low average yields of crops at national level. The irrigation water availability for 2016-17 has been assessed at 132.7 MAF against the targeted 134.56 MAF. Rain fall during early Rabi season remained low causing water shortages, affecting especially wheat sowing in rain fed areas34. Table 7: Pakistan’s Water Scenarios Water Units 2004 2025 Availability MAF 104 104 Requirement [Including Drinking Water] MAF 115 135 28 http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_16/16_Environment.pdf 29 https://www.ceaconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/global-agriculture-and-enironmental-issues-landscape.pdf 30 Irshad, M & Stephen, E. 2014. Review: Pollination, Pollinated and Pollinators Interaction in Pakistan. Journal of Bioresource Management, 1 (1), 19-25. 31 Partap U, Partap T, Sharma HK, Phartiyal P, Marma A, Tamang NB, Ken T and Munawar MS (2012). Value of insect pollinators to Himalayan agricultural economies. Kathmandu, ICIMOD, p. 54. 32 Irshad M and Stephen E (2013). Value of insect pollinators to agriculture of Pakistan Int. J. Agron. and Agric. Res., 3(5),14-21. 33 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 34 Planning Commission. 2017-18. https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/annual2017/Ch20Food%20Agriculture%20(Formatted).pdf 63 Overall Shortfall MAF 11 31 With an estimated population of 227 million by 2025, Pakistan’s current water availability of less than 1100 cubic meters per person, down from 5000 cubic meters in 1951 classifies it as a “water-stressed” country that is headed towards becoming a “water- scarce” country if actions are not taken urgently. Storage capacity is limited to a 30-day supply, well short of the recommended 1000 days for countries of a comparable climate. The supply demand gap is continuing to increase – compounded by the effects of climate change on snowmelt, reducing flows into the Indus River, the primary fresh-water source for the country35. The stress on water resources of the country is from multiple sources. Rapid urbanization, increased industrial activity and dependence of the agricultural sector on chemicals and fertilizers have led to water pollution. Deterioration in water quality and contamination of lakes, rivers and groundwater aquifers has, therefore, resulted in increased water borne diseases and negative impacts on human health36. Major sources of contamination of river water are natural drains passing through urban and industrial areas. The outflow of these drains contains highly contaminated industrial waste that becomes the part of Ravi and Chenab Rivers. Water carries the contaminants along its flow and there is a need of establishment of strict criterion to ensure effective contamination management in Rivers. Water contamination and poor water quality have a direct and very significant impact on the nation’s health – with water borne infections accounting for 70% of all common diseases impacting the national health. Uncontrolled and unregulated pumping of subsurface water in sweet zones and urban areas is resulting in rapid loss of the sub-surface water table, expansion of brackish water zones and expansion of saline zones. Urban water supplies are wasteful, heavily reliant on expensive pumping, poorly managed, ill-priced and often unfit for human consumption37. According to Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), the majority of the population in the country is exposed to the hazards of drinking unsafe and polluted water from both surface and ground water sources. As derived from the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme carried out by the PCRWR, the 4 major contaminants in drinking water sources of Pakistan were bacteriological (68 percent), arsenic (24 percent), nitrate (13 percent) and fluoride (5 percent). It is estimated that around 40 percent of all reported diseases in Pakistan are attributed to poor water quality. As one indicator of the magnitude of the problem, it is estimated that 250,000 children in Pakistan die every year due to diarrheal diseases alone. Safe water alone can reduce diarrhea and other related diseases by up to 50 percent, but an estimated 62 percent of Pakistan’s urban population and 84 percent of the rural population do not treat their water (USAID). Pakistan’s ranking in maintaining water quality standards is 80th out of 122 nations. (UNESCO s’ World Water Development Report)38. 35 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 36 36 WWF Pakistan, 2007. Pakistan’s waters at risk. Lahore, Pakistan 37 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 38 http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_16/16_Environment.pdf 64 The National Conservation Strategy of Pakistan states that almost 40 percent of all disease related deaths are connected to water borne diseases. Other sources of water pollution are industrial effluents, solid waste, hospital waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. 4.2.4 Climate change The mean annual temperature over the country rose by 0.57°C through the 20 th century, with a faster increase in the beginning of the 21st century39. Since 1960 up to 1997, there was inter-annual variability of mean daily temperatures subsequently featuring alternative cold and hot spells but amplitude of variations maintained the average pace. Figure 3 shows the Area Weighted Mean Temperatures of Pakistan (1960-2010). Figure 3: Area Weighted Mean Temperatures of Pakistan (1960-2010)40 Pakistan’s total annual precipitation ranges between 500 mm and 800 mm with higher amounts in the northern half, which receives handsome share from both winter and summer (Figure 4). Southern half of the country receives hardly 50% of the northern one because neither monsoon establishes well nor winter precipitation approaches with generous downpours. In winter, the mid-latitude westerly waves move across the lower latitudes and their troughs generally extend down to 35°N sometimes further south. Under the influence of the troughs of westerly waves as well occluded frontal systems, northern half of Pakistan receives substantial rainfall over low elevation plains and snowfall in mountainous regions during winter season. Summer brings monsoon to Pakistan, which contributes about 60% of the annual total precipitation from July to September. Pre- monsoon (May and June) is very hot and dry season and only localized convective rains occur occasionally. Similarly, autumn (October and November) is the dry season without 39 The World Bank, 2018. PAKISTAN PK@100 - Shaping the Future ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. World Bank, Islamabad 40 Rasul et al., 2012. Climate change in Pakistan: Focused on Sindh Province. Technical Report No. PMD-25. PMD, Islamabad 65 summer or winter rains but low temperatures do not produce as much stress as pre- monsoon does. The time series over the last 109 years shows slightly increasing trend (Fig) but not well-marked change when compared with the centurion scales. The change in total amount of rainfall on countrywide scale is hardly 60 mm increase over a period of 109 years, which makes an average rate of increase around 0.5mm/year. Figure 4 shows the precipitation trends in Pakistan (1901-2009). Predictions show rainfall variability alone could damage existing water infrastructure and push more than 12 million people into absolute poverty41. Figure 4: Precipitation Trends in Pakistan (1901-2009)42 Climate change compounds environmental and development challenges. Changing climate already manifests itself in rising temperatures and more prevalent heatwaves, melting in the cryosphere, and an increased risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding (GLOF) in mountainous regions, as well as a rising sea level, accelerated costal erosion, and salination of surface and groundwater43. Consequences of climate change to Pakistan are more severe due to the dependence of its agro-based economy on glacial melt run off from the Himalaya-Karakoram-Hindukush mountain ranges. The cryosphere in the mountainous areas is retreating, increasing the risk of landslide and flooding in these regions; and sea level is rising, accelerating costal erosion, increasing the frequency and severity of storm surge and flooding, and causing salination of surface and groundwater. Extreme weather events have also grown in severity, with high human and economic costs. Climate change will intensify, with the mean annual temperature rising by 1–3°C around 2050 and 3–6°C around 2100, 41 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 42 Rasul et al., 2012. Climate change in Pakistan: Focused on Sindh Province. Technical Report No. PMD-25. PMD, Islamabad. 43 The World Bank, 2018. PAKISTAN PK@100 - Shaping the Future ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. World Bank, Islamabad 66 depending on global efforts to curb GHG emissions, and the sea level rising by a further 60 cm at the end of the century. Water availability is also expected to become more variable, given enhanced glacier melt, more erratic precipitation patterns, and more prevalent weather extremes, while demand for water is expected to grow, given the higher evaporation rates and demographic and economic growth. Moreover, droughts, floods, and heatwaves are anticipated to gain in severity. Climate change impacts will be felt across all sectors and regions, and will slow down economic growth44. Even low levels of climate change could cost the economy up to 1 percent of GDP annually by mid-century. Climate change will also have profound implications on living standards, with Sindh and Punjab at the forefront (Mani et al., 2018) 45, and make it harder to eradicate poverty, potentially pushing up to 21.4 million additional people into poverty by 2050. There is now one more month of heatwave days, sometimes with devastating consequences, such as the 2015 heatwave in Karachi, which took the lives of over 1,200 people46. Increase in the number of heatwave events towards the end of the century are also predicted to increasingly happen in the provinces of Balochistan and Sindh, however increase in heatwaves is most pronounced over the Punjab plains. In the period between 2076-2100, the increase in the number of heatwave becomes more than 75 over Punjab, implying an average increase of 3 events per year as compared to control period. Considering a high population density in the Punjab, this alarming increase in heatwave will pose a serious concern not only for far future but also for the near future. Moreover, densely populated cities like Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Gujranwala, Sargodha, and Sialkot are all located in this region, which are more susceptible to the negative impact of heatwaves as compared to the rural areas because of the phenomenon called “urban heat island effect”47 4.3 Social Sector 4.3.1 Population According to 2017 population census reports, the total population of the Pakistan is 207,774,520 approximately 207 million48. The most heavily populated province is Punjab with a population of 110 million, followed by Sindh with 48 million Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with 30 million and Balochistan with a population of 12 million. The population Islamabad Capital Territory is 2 million, while that of FATA is 5 million. The population density is 250 persons per square km of the major part of the project area. 49 The urban centers are 44 The World Bank 2018. PAKISTAN PK@100 - Shaping the Future ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. World Bank, Islamabad 45 Mani, Muthukumara, Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay, Shun Chonabayashi, Anil Markandya, and Thomas Mosier. 2018. South Asia Hotspots: The impact of temperature and Precipitation Changes on Living Standards. Washington DC: World Bank. 46 The World Bank 2018. PAKISTAN PK@100 - Shaping the Future ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. World Bank, Islamabad 47 SDPI. 2015. Future Heatwaves in Pakistan under IPCC’s AR5 climate change scenario. https://sdpi.org/publications/files/PB - 46.pdf 48 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, provincial census result 2017 49 Pakistan Population Census Organization 67 densely populated with an average of 1000 person per square kilometer. Districts located close to the city centers are thickly populated, whereas, the districts lying in the southern and northern boundaries are relatively thinly populated. The province wise distribution of population of Pakistan is given in Table 8 and 9. Table 8: Population Census-2017 Population 2017 [million]1998-2017 Administrative Households Average Annual unit (million) Male Female Transgender Total Growth Rate Pakistan 32.20 106.45 101.32 10,418 207.77 2.40 Rural 20.01 67. 30 64. 89 2,767 132.19 2.23 Urban 12.19 39.15 36.43 7,651 75.58 2.70 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Table 9: Province Wise Population and Growth Rate Areas Population Population Average annual Average annual 1998 2017 Growth Rate % Growth Rate % (million) (million) (1981-98) (1998- 2017) Pakistan 132.35 207.77 2.6 2.40 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 17.74 30.52 2.8 2.89 Punjab 73.62 110.01 2.6 2.13 Sindh 30.44 47.88 2.7 2.41 Balochistan 6.57 12.34 2.4 3.37 FATA 3.18 5.00 2.1 2.41 Islamabad 0.81 2.00 5.2 4.91 Source: Population Census-2017, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 4.3.2 Urbanization Urbanization growth in Pakistan is currently at 2.7 percent50. The urban population shows a growing trend with 36.38 percent of the population living in urban areas. Sindh province is the most urbanized among all the provinces in Pakistan as per the results with 52.02 percent of its population based in urban areas. Punjab has the highest share of population of 52.9 percent in population pie but its share has declined as compared to 1998. The share of urban population in Punjab has slightly increased from 31.27 percent in 1998 to 36.71 percent in 2017. Table 10 shows the urbane share of population in Pakistan. Table 10: Urban share of Population Population (Million) Urban Share (%) Area 1981 1998 2017 1981 1998 2017 Pakistan 84.25 132.35 207.77 28.3 32.52 36.38 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 11.06 17.74 30.52 15.06 16.87 18.77 50 Pakistan. Population Census. 2017. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Islamabad. 68 FATA 2.20 3.18 5.00 - 2.69 2.84 Punjab 47.29 73.62 110.01 27.6 31.27 36.71 Sindh 19.03 30.44 47.89 43.32 48.75 52.02 Balochistan 4.33 6.57 12.34 15.62 23.89 27.55 Islamabad 0.34 0.81 2.00 60.06 65.72 50.58 Source: Population Census-2017, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics According to Population and Housing Census 2017, the population of ten major cities has increased by 74.8 percent as compared to 1998 census. The total population of the 10 major cities in Pakistan has increased from 23.41 million in 1998 to 40.92 million in 2017. Approximately 35 percent of Sindh’s total population lives in Karachi and Hyderabad alone. Karachi occupies the top position in the list of most populous cities of Pakistan with population of 14.91 million, which shows an increase of 59.8 percent in 19 years. Likewise, the population of Hyderabad city increased from 1.16 million to 1.73 million showing 49.1 per cent growth. The population of Lahore city has increased by 116.3 percent from 5.14 million to 11.12 million in 2017, while Faisalabad’s population has increased from 2.0 million to 3.2 million in 2017 showing a growth of 60.0 percent. Similarly, the population of Rawalpindi has increased by 49.3 percent from 1.40 million to 2.09 million and Gujranwala by 78.8 percent from 1.13 million to 2.02 million in 2017. The population of Peshawar city has increased by 101 percent from 0.98 million to 1.97 million in the same period. The population of Quetta city has increased by 78.6 percent to 1.0 million in 2017 from 0.56 million in 1998. Table 11 shows the population of major cities in Pakistan. Table 11: Population of Major Cities in Pakistan Major Cities Census 1998 Census 2017 (million) (million) Karachi City 9.33 14.91 Lahore City 5.14 11.12 Faisalabad M.CORP 2.00 3.20 Rawalpindi City 1.40 2.09 Gujranwala M.CORP 1.13 2.02 Gujranwala M.CORP 1.13 2.02 Peshawar City 0.98 1.97 Multan City M.CORP 1.19 1.87 Hyderabad City 1.16 1.73 Islamabad M.CORP 0.52 1.01 Total 23.41 40.92 Source: Population Census-2017, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics The phenomenal increase in urbanization in Pakistan may be attributed to two major causes, which include natural growth in population and internal migration/relocation (Arif and Hamid, 2009)51. 51Arif, M. G. & Hamid, S. (2009). Urbanization, city growth and quality of life in Pakistan. European Jouranl of Social Science, 10(2), 196-215. 69 The other important factors are rural-to-urban migration, war and conflicts. At the time of Indo-Pak partition in 1947, millions of Indian Muslims entered Pakistan, and many established roots in urban areas of Sindh and Punjab provinces. Similar influxes occurred during wars with India in 1965 and 1971. In the 1980s, as the anti-Soviet insurgency raged in Afghanistan, masses of Afghans flowed into Western Pakistan, with many ending up in the cities of Quetta and Peshawar. More recently, military operations in Pakistan’s tribal areas and Afghanistan have triggered an exodus of people to Pakistani cities particularly Peshawar, Quetta, and Karachi. Other causes of rural-to-urban migration are rural water shortage affecting fishermen and farmers; natural disasters including flooding and earthquakes and search for access to better-quality healthcare, employment and education opportunities (Jabeen et al. 2015)52. Environmental challenges of rapid urbanization include air, water, land and noise pollution, deforestation and habitat degradation resulting in serious health issues, poverty, water stresses and climatic changes (Qasim et al. 2014)53. Pakistan has been urbanizing rapidly and it is estimated that about 50 percent of the population will be living in urban areas by 2030. This has translated into Pakistan being ranked as one of the countries with the highest levels of exposure to air pollution in the South Asia region, measured as mean annual exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). The problem is amplified in the cities—the engines of Pakistan’s growth—with urban agglomerations such as Lahore reaching levels of PM 2.5 in the range of 2 to 14 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines54. 4.3.3 PhD Research in Pakistan The Higher Education Commission has through various initiatives focused on increasing the quantity of PhDs in Pakistan over the last 5-10 years. This has resulted in increasing the number of published PhDs from around 800 in 2010 to over 1300 in 201455. As per data provided by the Higher Education Commission, 124 universities out of total 190 had 28,393 PhD students enrolled during the year 2017-2018. Despite the high enrolment, a survey conducted by the Knowledge Platform and British Council on the ‘University Research System in Pakistan’ reveals that the university system in Pakistan produces a very low level of PhDs per university. For example, in 2014, public sector universities graduated on average 12 PhDs, while private universities graduated 1.4 PhDs, giving a combined average of 7.6 PhDs per university each year.56 52 Nasira Jabeen, Umm-e-Farwa and Zafar Iqbal Jadoon. 2015. Urbanization in Pakistan: A Governance Perspective. Proceedings of Sydney International Business Research Conference 2015, University of Western Sydney Campbelltown, Australia, 17-19 April, 2015. 53 Qasim, M., Anees, M.M, Ghani, M.U, Malik, J., Khalid, M and Bashir A, (2014). Environment Degradation Cause By Urbanization in Pakistan (A review Paper). Bulletin of Energy Economics, 2(3),62-71. 54 The World Bank 2018. PAKISTAN PK@100 - Shaping the Future ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. World Bank, Islamabad 55 http://www.hec.gov.pk/english/universities/Pages/PhD-Produced-by-Pakistani-Universities.aspx 56 The University Research System in Pakistan; Knowledge Platform and British Council, 2018 70 Data on PhD theses in Pakistan is publicly available through the HEC established Pakistan Research Repository 57 . The purpose of this repository is to promote the international visibility of research originating out of institutes of higher education in Pakistan by maintaining a digital archive of all PhD and MPhil these and providing a free, single-entry access point to view the manuscripts of research dating as far back at 1933. An analysis of four years of PhD theses uploaded to the PRR from 2014 – 2017 shows that a total of 2468 theses were published and uploaded to the PRR during this period. Of these, 26% can be classified in subjects relevant to the priority sectors identified for the project. Information provided in the Pakistan Research Repository allows for the subject classifications provided in Table 12; Agriculture, Engineering, Economics and Computer Science. Further classifications for strategic sectors such as water, energy, food security, artificial intelligence, cyber security are not available. The PRR shows that Agriculture is a popular research sector, with 10% of all PhD theses from 2014-2017 published on agriculture related topics. Moreover, of the 628 PhD these in the project strategic sectors, 40% were in agriculture, followed by 28% in Engineering. Table 12: Number of PhD Theses in Strategic Sectors Total Number of PhD Topic Theses (2014-2017) Agriculture and Related Technologies 252 Engineering and Allied Operations 184 Economics 123 Computer Science & Knowledge Systems 89 Total PhDs in Strategic Sectors 648 An analysis based on PhD titles and abstracts provided on PRR for theses published in 2017 shows that just 34% of the research conducted in the strategic sectors had potential applications for the public and private sector. The highest potential applicability of 50% was observed in PhD theses in agriculture and computer science, with 26% in engineering and 14% in economics. According to the PhD Doctors Association of Pakistan, there were 720 unemployed PhD holders in September 2018. The Higher Education Commission, in response confirmed that majority of the unemployed PhD holders had degrees in Chemistry, Agriculture, Biology and Physics.58 A survey of 14 universities conducted by The Knowledge Platform, shows the ratio between teaching time and research time of faculty, where even professors are spending more than half their time teaching (Figure 5)59. This also results in faculty working on and supervising research in various fields simultaneously, thus spreading their focus and resulting in lower quality of research. HEC statistics show that the student faculty ratio 57 prr.hec.gov.pk 58 http://hec.gov.pk/english/news/news/Pages/HEC-PhD-DB.aspx 59 The University Research System in Pakistan, 2018, The Knowledge Platform and British Council 71 in public universities is 35:1, while that in private universities is 19:1 (Figure 6). However, private universities only cater to 19% of the university student population.60 Figure 5: Ratio of Teaching and Research Time (Survey) Figure 6: Student-Faculty Ratio in Public and Private Universities 4.3.4 Research Spending in Pakistan Spending on research and development in Pakistan has been exceptionally low, with only 0.25% of the GDP being invested into R&D in 2015.61 It is important to note that a large part of this funding goes directly to government institutes, commissions and departments with research mandates, who do not necessarily have any collaboration with universities. The main avenues open to universities for accessing this allocation include grants 60 The University Research System in Pakistan, 2018, The Knowledge Platform and British Council 61 The World Bank - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?end=2015&locations=PK&start=1997 72 provided by the HEC and the Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF). Some funding, though limited, is also available through federal and provincial government departments. The government also imposes a cess on certain industries and economic activities, part of which is available for research and development in the related industries, which may be through universities. The level of engagement with universities has however, been historically low, with the onus of liaising with industries lying with universities, rather than the industries themselves. 62 An exception to this is the Ignite National Technology Fund, which funds startups and innovative projects that utilize 4th industrial wave tech to solve local problems and target global opportunities in health, education, energy, agriculture, telecom, finance and other verticals. The financial support for Ignite is provided by the federal government, which in turn collects the prescribed contributions from PTA licensees operating in the telecommunications domain.63 Spending by HEC on research programmes in 2015-2016 is provided as Figure 7.64 Figure 7: Spending by HEC on Research Programmes (2015-2016) HEC’s principle research funding programme is the National Research Program for Universities (NRPU), initiated to award research grants to promote and facilitate innovation and R&D in universities. The NRPU is open to public and private sector university faculty for grants up to Rs.20 million per project. The size of the grant is dependent upon the Impact Factor rating of the faculty member’s publications. The funding outlay for the NRPU has significantly increased from close to Rs.300 million in 2010 to over Rs.1 billion in 2016 (Figure 8). 65 The highly competitive grants programme had an acceptance rate of 27% in 2017-18. 62 The University Research System in Pakistan, 2018, The Knowledge Platform and British Council 63 https://ignite.org.pk/ 64 HEC Annual Report 2015-2016 65 The University Research System in Pakistan, 2018, The Knowledge Platform and British Council 73 4.3.5 Status of Thematic Research Of the 1104 approved projects under the NRPU in 2017-18, 40% were in subjects relevant to the strategic sectors identified by the HEC, i.e., engineering, agriculture, social sciences, CS & IT (Table 13). Figure 8: Spending by HEC on Research Programmes (2015-2016) Table 13: NRPU Approved Projects 2017-1866 Subject Approved Projects % Physical Sciences 248 22% Engineering Sciences 161 15% Biotechnology 146 13% Agriculture 139 13% Social Sciences 96 9% Biological Sciences 90 8% Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences 90 8% Veterinary Sciences 51 5% Natural & Environmental Sciences 46 4% CS & IT 37 3% Total 1104 100% Major research funding in Pakistan is through HEC funds such as the NRPU and the Technology Development Fund, the Pakistan Science Foundation, COMSTECH and Ignite. The HEC has been increasing research funding in these programmes which primarily fund research in science and technology. Figure 9 shows the contribution of each programme to the ongoing research projects in Pakistan67. The majority research projects are funded by the NRPU in science and technology, with a mere 3% projects being in social and political sciences. 66 http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/nrpu/Pages/NRPU%20Approved%20Projects.aspx 67 The University Research System in Pakistan, 2018, The Knowledge Platform and British Council 74 Figure 9: Ongoing Research Projects in Pakistan The US-Pakistan Centers for Advanced Studies were launched by USAID in 2014 to strengthen the culture and system of applied thematic research in Pakistan. Under this programme, four thematic centers were set up across the country, with connections to US Universities. 1. The USPCAS in Agriculture and Food Security at the University of Agriculture (UAF), in Faisalabad, in partnership with University of California Davis 2. The USPCAS in Water at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, in partnership with University of Utah 3. The UPSAC in Energy at National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, in partnership with Arizona State University 4. The UPSAC in Energy at the University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar, in partnership with Arizona State University The centers are focused on creating a critical mass of highly skilled manpower for their respective industry sectors and undertaking quality applied research relevant to Pakistan’s needs. This has been achieved by offering up to date MSc, M Phil and PhD programmes with curriculum developed in partnership with US universities, exchange programmes for students and faculty, and applied research grants. Since 2014, a total of 80 applied research projects have been funded by three of the established centers in Agriculture & Food Security at UAF, Energy at NUST, and Water at MUET. Approximately 17% of the research projects are in collaboration with US universities, providing access to international experts and latest technology. In 2017-2018, the HEC, with support of the Planning Commission, took another step towards collaborative thematic research by launching four National Centers in emerging areas of science and technology. 1. National Center for Artificial Intelligence at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 2. National Center for Robotics and Automation at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 3. National Center for Cyber Security at Air University, Islamabad 75 4. National Center for Data Analytics and Cloud Computing at the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) The objective of these centers is to promote collaboration between universities and create a hub for innovation, scientific research and knowledge transfer. The centers aim to facilitate researchers in their respective fields and grow an industry following international trends. The HEC and Planning Commission have established the four centers through a competitive process to identify leading researchers in the field and establish state of the art laboratories under their supervision. While the centers are housed in the universities mentioned above, they will also have affiliated labs at universities across the country. As shown in Figure 9, only about 3% of approved projects under major government backed research funding programmes (NRPU, TDF, Ignite, PSF, PCSIR and COMSTECH) are related to social and political science subjects (Figure 9). The majority of evidence based economic research is being conducted in private centers and higher education institutes in Lahore such as the Center for Economic Research in Pakistan (CERP), International Growth Center (IGC), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) and the Center for Research in Economics and Business (CREB) at the Lahore School of Economics (LSE). Public sector institutions leading in economic research include the FC College, Pakistan Economic Research Institute (PERI) and the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE). IGC, CREB and CERP have been established to contribute towards evidence based policy making in Pakistan. The Centre for Research in Economics and Business (CREB) was established in 2007 to conduct policy oriented research with a rigorous academic perspective on key development issues facing Pakistan. CREB focuses on research on economic policies and institutions and training researchers to international standards. The Center for Economic Research in Pakistan (CERP) is working to bridge the gap between academic research and policy making in Pakistan by using established and frontier scientific research techniques to collect and analyze data to help decision makers create and implement sound economic and social policies. CERP collaborates with governments, policymakers, civil society, and NGOs to promote the use of rigorous research methodology, accountability, and evidence-based decision-making. The IGC Programme in Pakistan was initiated with the aim of improving the capacity to generate world-class policy-oriented research on reform issues critical to sustained economic growth. IGC provides independent and demand-led research to support growth policy in Pakistan and has supported federal and provincial governments on several policy issues. The center has also formed partnerships with the private sector. 4.3.6 Commercialization of Research To enhance the quality and commercialization of research, the Higher Education Commission has a number of initiatives including the National Research Programme for Universities (NRPU), establishment of Offices of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORICs) in universities, and grants for commercialization of research such as the Technology Development Fund (TDF). 76 In 2016, the Higher Education Commission launched the Technology Development Fund (TDF) in collaboration with the Planning Commission with a mission to step up thematic research and facilitate higher education institutions to serve as engines for socioeconomic development in Pakistan. The TDF funds proposals of completed interdisciplinary applied research projects for prototype development and industrial value addition for technology development in the following sectors:68 1. Telecommunication, Information and Technology/Computers (applications in Govt. services, health, textile, agriculture & dairy etc.) 2. Engineering Sciences, Micro Electronics, Water, Power, Energy and Fleet Management 3. Biotechnology and Allied fields (in Health, Agriculture, Textile, Leather & Dairy etc.) 4. Material Sciences/Man Made Material (Nanotechnology) 5. Robotics, Defence and Military needs 6. Any other applied discipline which is inductive or conducive to success of products developed or upscale the process of Industrial level manufacturing. The objective of the TDF is to provide opportunities to researchers to translate their applied research into workable solutions and technologies for adoption by industry. These projects should aim to develop a product or service which would positively impact the economy, solve a current problem, meet a market need, utilize local raw materials, move current products up the value chain, or create large scale employment. The proposals for the TDF must be in collaboration with prospective industries, who can take up the product for its commercialization and marketing. The number of proposals being submitted for the Technology Development Fund has risen rapidly since its start, from 116 for the 1st call in 2015-16 to 339 for the 3rd call in 2018-19. A total of 89 projects were accepted under the 2 nd call of TDF, 45% of which were awarded to the following four universities; The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, and the National University of Science and Technology in Islamabad. 94% of the projects were in collaboration with a private sector industry, while 2 projects were in collaboration with the Pakistan Armed Forces.69 Though majority of the accepted projects have been from Punjab and Islamabad, there has been an increase in representation from other provinces since the 1st call, as shown in Figure 10. There has also been a significant increase in industry sectors collaborating with universities for the TDF, and in investment offered by the private sector (Figure 11). Figure 10: TDF Projects per Province 68 http://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/students/TDF/Pages/Intro.aspx 69 http://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/students/TDF/Pages/Achievements.aspx 77 Figure 11: Industry Representation in TDF The US-Pakistan Centers for Advanced Studies have a specific focus on thematic applied research relevant to the current problems in their respective sectors. Since 2014, a total of 80 applied research projects have been funded by three of the established centers in Agriculture & Food Security at UAF, Energy at NUST, and Water at MUET. The centers have also been working towards funding applied research with industry and sector applications, by conducting research in partnership with the public and private sector. 25% of the applied research projects funded by the UPSCAS in Water at MUET have private sector companies or public sector organizations as research partners. Recognizing the gap in applied research in Pakistan, the Centers of Advanced studies have through their grants evaluation and monitoring procedures included criteria for applicability and commercialization of research. This includes linking release of funds to achievement of milestones, and regular monitoring and evaluation. The Grant Management Unit at the USPCAS for Agriculture and Food Security at University of Agriculture Faisalabad is responsible for managing on-going activities of projects. On receipt of comprehensive annual or biannual progress report (based on milestone covered/delayed, budget utilized/underutilized), F&G and M&E team of experts from the center visit the project site and physically verify the work done/delays in the achievement of time bound targets. If the performance is satisfactory, the team will recommend the next release of funds for the project. In case of unsatisfactory performance, the PI along with his/her team will be asked for justification of the poor performance. After completion of the project, the PI submits a final technical/financial report duly signed by the head of 78 the institute for evaluation of the research findings. She/he also submits a finding/ invention/ discovery report based on the research outcomes ready to be commercialized The centers have also tailored research grants to relate to ongoing and anticipated challenges within their respective sectors and address gaps and issues to increase the societal and economic benefit of applied research projects. For example, the USPAC in Agriculture and Food Security at UAF has an established Council for Research and Policy, with stakeholders from the public sector, agribusiness, private sector and farmer community, to identify gaps and commission research that is relevant and market driven. Similarly, the UPCAS in Energy at NUST has established a Think Tank on Energy and Energy Policy that holds relevant dialogues between he center and Pakistan’s public and private energy stakeholders to mutually identify pressing energy issues of the country. With only around 15% of the applied research projects having been recently completed, there are no assessments or data to evaluate the success of these measures in achieving the desired results of applicability and commercialization. The Higher Education Commission, in its Vision 2025 recognizes the importance of commercialization by setting forth research related objectives to:  Strengthen Offices of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORICs) established in research universities  Increase collaborative research with growing industries in the country  Enhance and expand business incubation centers in universities  Increase applied research programmes and establish new science and technology universities with a focus on applied research  Enhance use of investments made in information and communication technologies  Increase research funding that will lead to international patents The Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC) is envisioned to serve as a pivotal point, encompassing all research activities in the university, from development of research proposals to the commercialization of research products. The HEC is working with universities by providing guidance on the establishment of fully functional ORICs with an objective to develop, expand, enhance and manage the university's research programs and to link research activities directly to the educational, social and economic priorities of the university and its broader community. The ORIC is also responsible for assuring that the quality of research reflects the highest international standards and advances the stature of the university internationally. As per HEC requirements, the ORIC shall guarantee that all research programs and policies reflect the core values of academic freedom, professional integrity and ethical conduct and are in full compliance with all policies, legal requirements and operational standards of the university. The ORIC must work towards improving the environment for all research and scholarship by:  Supporting the strategic research directions and policies of universities  Improving integration of research and education at all levels of the institution  Increasing and diversifying external research funding 79  Improve recruitment and retention of the top faculty  Translating research for the public's benefit  Improving and strengthening university-industry relationships  Promoting entrepreneurship, technology-transfer and commercialisation activities which improve and support the economy  Promoting and improve multi-disciplinary research initiatives As per the Higher Education Commission, there are a total of 66 established and notified ORICs in universities in Pakistan. Most of these, 36%, are in universities located in Punjab, while 26% are in Sindh, followed by 18% in KPK and 17% in Islamabad ( Table 14). Notified ORICs in public universities get a 15% overhead from HEC research grants awarded to the university, as well a recurring budget for new initiatives. ORICs in private universities are not provided any incentives by the HEC. Recognizing the gap in capacity of higher educational institutes, the HEC arranges practical learning for ORIC management mainly on developing and implementing IP policies, licensing and negotiation with the industry, ways of transferring research benefits to society, legal modalities in the commercialization process, and identifying opportunities to generate revenue. For example, the ORIC at NUST, having had great success with innovation and commercialization, is active at helping set up and train ORICs at other universities at the request of HEC. The HEC gathers annual reports from notified ORICs to check progress and efficiency. Table 14: Number of Established and Notified ORICs in Pakistan Federal Punjab Sindh Balochistan KPK Other Total 11 24 17 1 12 1 66 17% 36% 26% 2% 18% 2% 100% The HEC has also collaborated with the Intellectual Property Organisation (IPO) Pakistan and Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST) to support the establishment of Technology and Innovation Support Centres (TISC) under the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) TISC programme at ORICs in higher education institutes and Government Organisations. The purpose of these centers is to provide universities with information and access to online patent database systems, science and technology resources, intellectual property publications, and resources on technology commercialization and marketing. Currently, 23 TISCs have been established in public and private universities in Pakistan. 4.3.7 Gender and Outreach – Postgraduate Studies and Research Statistics collected by the Higher Education Commission from 175 public and private universities shows that there was a total of 211,646 students enrolled in postgraduate programmes (Masters, MS, MPhil and PhD) in 2017-18, 13% of which were PhD students. 40% of the total students enrolled in Master, MS, MPhil and PhD were female as reported by universities. The highest number of female students was reported in 80 Punjab (44,600), followed by Federal/Islamabad (18,900) and Sindh (13,750), as shown in Figure 12. The proportion of female students in total postgraduate student body is shown in Figure 13 for each province. The highest proportion of 47% in Punjab and 41% in Federal/Islamabad. The lowest proportion of 25% was observed in KPK. The highest proportion of female students was observed in medical universities with over 60% of the enrolled students being female. A higher ratio of female to male students was also found in general and social science universities. For example, Forman Christian College in Lahore has 61% female students, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) has 66%, Lahore School of Economics (LSE) has 55% and Quaid-e-Azam University has 53% female students in postgraduate programmes. The proportion of female students in engineering, science and technology universities is observed to be low, ranging from 10% to 25%. The US-Pakistan Centers of Advanced Studies have detailed gender policies to increase the number of female students and faculty. The USPCAS at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad has been successful in meeting its target of 50% female students by keeping quotas while awarding scholarships and fellowships. The USPCAS for Energy at NUST does not have any quotas for female students, but encourages enrolment through extra stipends for female scholarship holders as well as targeting marketing in women’s universities. Despite these efforts, they have only been able to achieve an 18% enrollment rate. UPSCAS for Water at MUET has 34% female students enrolled across the center, however the proportion of female PhD students is much lower at 15%. Figure 12: Female Students in each Province Balochistan Sindh KPK Punjab Federal 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 81 Figure 13: Proportion of Female Students in Total Student Body 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Federal Punjab KPK Sindh Balochistan HEC statistics provided in Table 15 show that out of the 124 universities with PhD enrolment in 2017-2018, 31% were in Punjab, followed by 27% in Sindh and 22% in KPK. However, only 8% of total PhD students were enrolled in universities in KPK and 15% in Sindh. The highest number of PhD students were reported in Punjab (55%), followed by 21% in universities located in Islamabad. Table 15: Student Enrollment in PhD Programmes 2017-2018 Federal/ Islamabad Punjab KPK Sindh Balochistan Other Total Number of Universities 17 38 27 33 3 6 124 Total Enrollment 5,928 15,493 2,144 4,151 222 455 28,393 Statistics collected from 182 universities by the Higher Education Commission show that there were over 49,000 faculty members in public and private universities in 2017-2018, 70% of whom were teaching in public sector universities (Figure 14). The number of male and female faculty members as reported by the universities was almost equal, with 50% of faculty in public universities and 45% of faculty in private universities being female. A higher proportion of female faculty members was observed in social science and general universities. Geographically, majority of universities located in Islamabad have a very high proportion of female faculty members (over 70%), while all universities with less than 10% female faculty members were found to be located in KPK and Balochistan. 82 Figure 14: Male and Female Faculty Members in Universities 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Public Universities Private Universities Male Faculty Female Faculty Data provided by the HEC shows that the majority of the NRPU grants were awarded to researchers based in universities in Punjab (43%), followed by universities in Islamabad 29%, 14% in KPK, 10% in Sindh and only 2% to universities in Balochistan. The number of female researchers is much lower than the number of male researchers in the National Research Programme for Universities (NRPU) and Technology Development Fund (TDF). Only 16% of the principal investigators in the accepted TDF projects in 2017-18 were female, while only 14% of the principal investigators for projects accepted under the NRPU from 2010-2014 were female. 4.3.8 Gender and Outreach – Affiliated Colleges As per data provided by HEC, there are 3032 affiliated colleges (ACs) located across Pakistan, 47% of which are public institutions. These ACs offer graduate and postgraduate courses under the academic guidance of the affiliating university, and are under the administration of Higher Education Departments of provinces. Table 16 shows that 95% of all Affiliated Colleges are located in urban areas. Out of the 146 colleges located in rural areas, 70% are public colleges. Table 16: Affiliated Colleges by Location All Affiliated Public Affiliated Private Affiliated Type Colleges Colleges Colleges Rural 5% 7% 3% Urban 95% 93% 97% 46% of students are enrolled in Affiliated Colleges in Punjab, followed by 25% in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 22% in Sindh. Balochistan has a mere 3% of the students enrolled in Affiliated Colleges (Figure 15). 83 Figure 15: Province Wise Enrollment in Affiliated Colleges Balochistan Federal 3% 4% Sindh 22% Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25% Punjab 46% Table 17 shows that overall, 55% of public and private colleges are co-educational, 26% are female colleges and 18% are all male colleges. The number of co-educational institutions is significantly higher in private colleges (84%). In public affiliated colleges, 45% are all female colleges. Table 17: Affiliated Colleges by Type (Male, Female, Co-Educational) All Affiliated Public Affiliated Private Affiliated Type Colleges Colleges Colleges Male 18% 32% 6% Female 26% 45% 9% Co-Ed 55% 22% 84% Enrollment figures for 2016-17 show that 55% of students enrolled in ACs were female. The highest number of female students are enrolled in colleges in Punjab (276,000), followed by Sindh (100,000) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (96,000). Only 11,000 female students are enrolled in colleges in Balochistan (Figure 16). The highest number of male students is also enrolled in colleges in Punjab (156,000), followed closely by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (132,000) and Sindh (106,000) (Figure 17). 84 Figure 16: Province Wise Female Students Enrollment in Affiliated Colleges 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 - Balochistan Federal Khyber Punjab Sindh Pakhtunkhwa Figure 17: Province Wise Male Students Enrollment in Affiliated Colleges 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 - Balochistan Federal Khyber Punjab Sindh Pakhtunkhwa 4.3.9 Technology (Cyber Security, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Nanotechnology, Cloud Computing and Big Data, Aeronautics and Manmade Material) The Pakistan Vision 2025 identified six technologies that are likely to drive the future of development in the country, namely: micro-electronics, computers, telecommunications, human-made materials, robotics, and biotechnology. Specifically, the growth in ICT has shifted the world to a virtual space, particularly for the delivery of services, and has given birth to a new global operating model for businesses70. The various environmental hazards of ICT, from production/manufacturing, distribution, consumption/operations and disposal stages have been categorized as climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, 70 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 85 particulate matter formation, metal depletion and fossil depletion, agricultural and urban land occupation, natural land transformation and ionizing radiation71. Regarding the electronic waste (e-waste), Pakistan is at the receiving end of the “e-waste divide” due to widespread poverty and sharp inequality. Some may even see this as evidence of our greater ability to use and reuse material items more effectively. Yet this inconsiderate attitude that results in e-waste dumping is already emerging as one of the major hazards to the health of both the environment and the people 72. The health and environmental hazards associated with e-waste are mostly due to electronic goods containing significant quantities of toxic metals and chemicals. Pakistan faces the problem mainly on two fronts: on the one hand, it is used as the dumping ground for over 50,000 tonnes of e-waste by developed countries and, on the other, it generates thousands of tons of local e-waste every year. Karachi is a major dumping ground for e- waste from Pakistan and all over the world. The workers, mostly women and children, are exposed to all sorts of toxins. The waste generated by this industry is dumped in the Lyari River in Karachi, and eventually finds its way into the Arabian Sea, where it contaminates the marine ecosystem. Some of the waste is dumped in landfills, where it contaminates the soil and such landfill sites are also not properly administered73. 71 Yevgeniya Arushanyan. 2016. Environmental Impacts of ICT: Present and Future. Doctoral Thesis. Royal Institute of Technology. Stockholm, Sweden. 72 Global Information Society Watch. 2010. https://giswatch.org/sites/default/files/pak-listo.pdf 73 Global Information Society Watch. 2010. https://giswatch.org/sites/default/files/pak-listo.pdf 86 5 Stakeholder Consultation and Information Disclosure This chapter describes the objective, process, and outcome of the stakeholder consultations carried out before or during the preparation of Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). 5.1 Requirement of Stakeholder Consultation The Bank recognizes the importance of early and continuing engagement and meaningful consultation with stakeholders. The Bank will require the HEC to engage with stakeholders, including communities, groups, or individuals affected by proposed projects, and with other interested parties, through information disclosure, consultation, and informed participation in a manner proportionate to the risks to and impacts on affected communities. The Bank will have the right to participate in consultation activities to understand the concerns of affected people, and how such concerns will be addressed by the HEC in project design and mitigation measures. The Bank will monitor, as part of its due diligence, the implementation of consultation and stakeholder engagement by the HEC. It is important to consult stakeholder before and during the preparation of ESMF and document the consultation outcomes. This consultation is considered very important to validate the potential risks and impacts identified in the ESMF. 5.2 Process of Stakeholder Consultation The HEC will undertake a process of meaningful consultation in a manner that provides stakeholders with opportunities to express their views on project risks, impacts, and mitigation measures, and allows the HEC to consider and respond to them. Meaningful consultation will be carried out on an ongoing basis as the nature of issues, impacts and opportunities evolves. Meaningful consultation is a two-way process, that: a. Begins early in the project planning process to gather initial views on the project proposal and inform project design; b. Encourages stakeholder feedback, particularly as a way of informing project design and engagement by stakeholders in the identification and mitigation of environmental and social risks and impacts; Continues on an ongoing basis, as risks and impacts arise; c. Is based on the prior disclosure and dissemination of relevant, transparent, objective, meaningful and easily accessible information in a timeframe that enables meaningful consultations with stakeholders in a culturally appropriate format, in relevant local language(s) and is understandable to stakeholders; d. Considers and responds to feedback; e. Supports active and inclusive engagement with project-affected parties; f. Is free of external manipulation, interference, coercion, discrimination, and intimidation; and g. Is documented and disclosed by the HEC Research proposal activities as well as the interventions related to small works will have to duly go through the consultation process during the reparation stage following the World Bank consultation standards. 5.3 Identification of Stakeholders ‘Stakeholder’ refers to individuals or groups who: a. are affected or likely to be affected by the project (project-affected parties); and b. may have an interest in the project (other interested parties) For HEDP, the primary stakeholders include the Higher Education Commission, the Universities, Accreditation Councils, Affiliated Degree Colleges, Teacher Academies in KPK and Baluchistan and teacher training institutes in other Provinces; Examination Boards, Textbook Boards; students and teachers of the concerned institutions. 5.4 Environmental & Social Management Framework (ESMF) Consultation and Disclosure The consultation is required with the stakeholders regarding the potential environmental and social risks and impacts of the proposed project/subprojects as part of the ESMF document before or during its preparation. At this point in time, the detail about the project/subprojects and their exact locations are not known, therefore, it is not possible to engage community/stakeholders and carry out the consultation for those projects which are unknown. The ESMF shall be finalized in the light of these stakeholder consultations. 5.5 Summary of the Stakeholder Consultations Primary stakeholders and beneficiaries of the HEDP program include Faculty and researchers from universities; Universities’ administrative staff (registrars, treasurers, QECs, and ORICs); graduate and undergraduate students at universities; and Principals, administrative staff, faculty and students from Affiliated Colleges. HEC has used guidance and advice of the members of the higher education community of Pakistan throughout the development of this project and its underlying activities. An overview of the pertinent consultations held in regard to the project design and activities, their social implications and the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is presented below. Prior to consultations, the ESMF document, after review by the World Bank team, was placed on the HEC website on March 27, 2019 with an invitation to visitors to share their comments and suggestions on the document. The ESMF can be accessed through the link: http://www.hec.gov.pk/english/HECAnnouncements/Pages/ESMF-AGAHEE.aspx 88 5.5.1 Consultation with the Universities (April 10, 2019) A three hour consultation was held on April 10, 2019, with participants from 36 Public Universities from all across Pakistan. The list of participants and photographs are provided as Annexure 7. Most of the interventions planned under the project impact public universities, hence they were targeted primarily for this consultation. A representative sample of the universities was selected which included a mix of large, medium and smaller universities; comprehensive as well as research universities; and universities from both metropolitan and smaller cities. All the public sector women universities (general) in Pakistan had been invited to participate, out of which 11 participated. Participants from each university comprised of their registrars, treasurers, staff from Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) and Offices of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORICs), female and male faculty, and students. During the consultation, the participants were first briefed on each project component and its sub activities, and the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The briefing on ESMF was conducted by Mr. Shafqat Ullah of Cleaner Production Institute. He was supported by Dr. Muhammad Zafar Khan, Associate Professor Karakorum International University, and Ms. Mehrunisa Malik during the consultation process as the Environment and Social Specialists respectively on behalf of HEC. Following the briefings, questions, concerns and suggestions from the participants were invited. The feedback received on the project activities and ESMF and responses by HEC project team were recorded. 5.5.2 Consultation with the Affiliated Colleges and representatives of the Higher Education Departments (April 11, 2019) Representatives of the Higher Education Departments (HEDs) from four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) were invited to participate in the consultation exercise along with the principals, faculty and students from at least 4 public Affiliated Colleges (2 of each, male and female) of their province. The three hour consultation on April 11, 2019 was attended by HED officers and principals, administrative staff, faculty and students of Affiliated Colleges from Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Registrars and staff of QECs of several public universities also joined this consultation. The list of participants and photographs are provided as Annexure 8. The consultation opened with a detailed briefing on the Component 2 of the project i.e. “Supporting Decentralized Higher Education Institutes for improved teaching and learning”. The participants were informed that as per the environmental assessment done for the project the Environmental risk associated with activities under this component is low, and the ESMF document that will be used for the regulation during this project can be accessed at HEC website. They were requested to share their comments and concerns in regard to ESMF on HEC website. Following the briefings, questions, concerns and suggestions from the participants were invited. The feedback received on the project activities and ESMF and responses by HEC project team were recorded. The overall response received from the participants from both consultations was favorable and in overwhelming support for the activities planned in the project. 89 5.5.3 Summary of Consultations and HEC Response The comments and concerns received from the participating stakeholders during the above consultations along with the response from HEC team are summarized below: Table 18: Summary of Stakeholder Consultations April 10, 2019 Sr. Comment Participants’ HEC response No. Affiliation 1. The Balochistan  The activities intended through the sustainability of University of project are strategized according to the investment Information HEC’s own plan and vision for the next 5 made through Technology, years, and are designed to build on this huge loan Engineering, and HEC’s previous and existing programs. should be Management  To ensure the sustainability of the ensured. Sciences activities involving investment in (BUITEMS); Affiliated Colleges, HEC has been Quetta, Balochistan involved in discussions with the provincial HEDs to negotiate and reach an understanding with the provincial governments for support of the project. Provincial HEDs from all provinces have conveyed their initial support for the activities plan under the project. 2. Smaller and Balochistan  GCF grant is designed to encourage relatively University of and support collaborative research. younger Information HEC has not identified the set of research Technology, universities which can assume lead universities Engineering, and roles in the consortiums, however, the might get Management criteria for the lead university will be overlooked Sciences laid down such that labs with higher during selection (BUITEMS); research potential and experience of lead Quetta, Balochistan receive that role. Through this grant, universities researchers from smaller and younger under GCF Government College universities can link up with grants. University, experienced researchers and advanced Faisalabad labs in large universities. It will be an opportunity for smaller and younger universities to improve their research prowess through seeking mentorship and benefiting from facilities available at larger research universities. The grant will be shared by the members of the consortium as laid out in their joint 90 proposal. HEC will also facilitate universities in building or joining consortiums through networking events. Collaborative design of this grant ensures that every kind of research institution will have the opportunity to benefit from this grant. 3. HEC’s own The University of  The suggestion was noted and well capacity and Punjab (PU), Lahore received. For the program under- resources to consideration, capacity building of successfully existing HEC staff, as well as their deliver support through consultancies and extensive recruitment of additional staff is programs for included. the expanding higher education sector needs to be looked into and improved. 4. Community The University of  The suggestion is useful and will be Colleges and Punjab (PU), Lahore taken into consideration during AD programs, development of curriculum and are unfamiliar Government College guidelines. and new Women University, concepts for our Faisalabad HE sector, so their roadmaps should be clear and flexible; with unambiguous exit and entry points for universities and students to exercise. 5. Elaborate the University of  HEC has reviewed the work load and enhanced role Haripur, Khyber capacity of the existing QECs. of Universities Pakhtunkhwa Considering that, capacity building in regard to activities, as well as designation of Affiliated specific HR for ACs has been planned Colleges. in the project. AU QECs will work in close partnership with trained “changed teams” from ACs. 91 6. Universities UET Peshawar,  This is already under serious should be able Khyber consideration, and will be definitely to volunteer for Pakhtunkhwa supported in the project the HEMIS; and implementation strategy. choose to request upgradation of their existing ERP systems. 7. The efficiency Islamic International  HEC has planned to automate the and time University, grants application process. The year management Islamabad before the launch of grant will be used for as a preparation year; and the implementation automation process, the criteria for of the research award of grants, application review grants will be a mechanism, selection of reviewers etc. critical will be put in place. challenge and should be taken care of. 8. HEC already Islamic International  The exercise under this project will regularly University, mainly focus towards the BS and AD undertakes Islamabad degrees. HEC has already initiated the curriculum process to restructure the 4 year revision undergraduate program in order to exercise for enhance quality. The overall objective academic of HEC revamping undergraduate programs, the curriculum is to prepare the students exercise under and develop critical and analytical this project will thinking, evidence-based observation, be different, a deeper sense of civic and social how? rights and responsibilities in them 9. How social Government College  Social Sciences and humanities sciences Women University, themes have been specifically research will be Faisalabad identified for support under GCF encouraged and grants. Additionally, LCF and ISF supported grants are also equal opportunities for through these social scientists to apply, where grants grants? will be awarded primarily on the strength of proposals and relevance of research question. 10. Support and Lahore College for  HEC will hire an Environmental guidance for Women University Specialist to facilitate implementation researchers of the ESMF. He/she will be available undertaking to guide and advise the researchers research on applying for grants under this project. 92 environmental issues , natural sciences , chemicals etc., where ESMF is applicable should be available at HEC. 11. Accreditation IBA-Sukkur, Sindh  That is the current practice in HEC, Councils, and will be seriously considered industries and during the curriculum development prospective exercise under this project. employers  AD and BS programs will replace the including obsolete and irrelevant 2-year Public Service programs ultimately. Commissions, should be engaged in the development of AD curriculum. Additionally, a sunset strategy for sub-par and irrelevant programs should be imposed. 12. Several national Islamia University  The AD programs and the training and provincial Bahawalpur, Punjab programs for the community colleges technical will be developed in consultation with education the technical education institutions institutions such as NAVTTC and other provincial already exist in counterparts. Pakistan, how will they be engaged in the Community College initiative. 13. Introduction of Lahore College for  This is a valid concern. The scope of BS programs Women University, this program does not extend to and Punjab provision of scholarships to AC technological students, however, this will be first advancement in intervention of this scale towards ACs will impact improving opportunities of education 93 the fees that for students and staff development at students will ACs. have to pay for  HEC can bring up this issue for enrollment. consideration of the provincial Whereas, the governments during its discussions national with them. programs for fee reimbursement generally do not extend to students of ACs. 14. The technology University of Turbat,  The suggestion is noted and will be advancement Balochistan considered while developing the activities criteria for selection. HEC plans to including the circulate EoI to colleges through smart HEDs and AUs for showing interest in classrooms being selected for this intervention. initiative is appreciable. However, colleges should be selected depending on their need for such facilities. Farther colleges where such facilities might have more impact may be preferred. April 11, 2019 Sr. Comment Participants’ HEC response No. Affiliation 15. The career Govt. College for  The suggestion is noted, and will be options for Women Township seriously considered during Community Lahore development of curriculum for these Colleges and programs. The AD program will be AD programs Fatima Jinnah structured such that it is vertically should be Women University, aligned with the BS program with clearly thought Rawalpindi clear entry points. out and publicized, so students are 94 aware of the opportunities available for them. 16. The 4 year BS M.A.O. College  The concern has been noted, and will program that is Lahore be taken into consideration during currently being development of the BS program and offered in the University of its implementation in ACs. ACs has a Veterinary and hybrid Animal Sciences, semester/annual Lahore system. A considerable portion of examination is conducted by the AUs which results in delay in completion of degrees. The structure of BS program at ACs needs improvement such that the students can graduate in 4 years’ time. HEC may look into introducing a uniform academic calendar in universities and colleges for BS programs. 17. The AD Govt. Postgraduate  The valuable advice has been noted. program will be College for Women The principals and faculty from beneficial for Samanabad, Lahore women colleges will be consulted female students during the AD programs development in ACs, who process to take this suggestion into due to pressure consideration. from families drop out of BS programs earlier. HEC 95 may look into rolling out AD programs in women colleges first and in disciplines preferred by female students. 18. The existing BS University of  The AUs, ACs, and provincial HEDs programs in Balochistan Quetta will be included in the consultation ACs were process for development of BS commenced by program in ACs under this project. the provincial The concern raised by the University governments will be deliberated with provincial without seeking HEDs during negotiations to institute consultation quality in programs offered in ACs. from the AUs. HEC will need to guide the provincial governments in this regard. 19. The capacity Queen Mary College  The concern and suggestion have been building for Women, Lahore noted, and will be considered during activities the project implementation. planned for the Shaheed Benazir college staff are Bhutto Women a commendable University, initiative. Peshawar However, the roles and policies for QECs and change teams need to be very clear. The staff at colleges is frequently transferred between colleges, this can be challenging in formation of “change teams”. 96 20. Electricity and Directorate of  This is indeed a concern and HEC has power outages Colleges, HED, been looking into options to mitigate are huge Balochistan the power availability challenge in challenge in expansion of PERN and allied Balochistan. services to remote areas. This issue This can pose a will be taken into consideration while huge challenge deliberating selection of colleges for in deriving Smart Classrooms and Smart Campus benefits from initiatives. the technology interventions. Moreover, technical skills should be developed at ACs to maintain and support the usage of technology. 21. While revision Balochistan  Provincial HEDs and AUs decide of Affiliation University of which college will be affiliated with a Criteria, HEC Information university. However, HEC will look may consider Technology, into a possible means for addressing setting a cap on Engineering, and this issue. the no. of Management colleges that a Sciences university can (BUITEMS); affiliate. Quetta, Balochistan Moreover, Affiliation IBA-Sukkur, Sindh Criteria should be made more stringent. 22. HEC may look University of  The concern and suggestion have been into restricting Hazara, Khyber noted, and will be considered during colleges in Pakhtunkhwa the project implementation. remote areas to AD programs Govt. Degree only, as College Kurri Road, commencement Quetta of BS program is a huge challenge in those areas due to lack of 97 qualified faculty. In addition, AD programs at ACs should be similar to programs offered in their AU, so bridging into BS program may become easier for students. 23. Affordability of University of  This is a valid concern. The scope of BS programs is Balochistan, Quetta this program does not extend to a huge concern provision of scholarships to AC for students in Govt. Degree students, however, this will be first Affiliated College Kurri Road, intervention of this scale towards Colleges. Quetta improving opportunities of education for students and staff development at ACs.  HEC can bring up this issue for consideration of the provincial governments during its discussions with them. 24. Representation IBA-Sukkur, Sindh  HEC has been persistently requesting of colleges from provincial higher education department Sindh should be in Sindh for their support and ensured as well. participation in discussions. The Secretary, Universities and Board did attend the initial meeting with provincial HEDs in regard to this project.  HEC definitely wants proportionate representation of colleges and universities from Sindh in this project. 5.6 Requirement of World Bank for Public Consultation For all Category B projects proposed for International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or International Development Association (IDA) financing, during the environmental assessment (EA) process, the HEC consults project-affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) about the project's environmental aspects and takes their views into account. The HEC initiates such consultations as early as possible. 98 5.7 Requirements of Public Consultation by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency After the 18th amendment in 2010, the power to legislate and decide on the subject of “environmental pollution and ecology” now lies with the provincial government, however, “climate change” remains under federal jurisdiction. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA 97) is the apex environmental law in the country, and provides for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and for promotion of sustainable development. Section 12 of the Act requires preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) before commencement of projects likely to cause adverse environmental effects. Immediately after 18th amendment the provinces adopted PEPA 1997 with amendments. Environmental protection acts relevant to all the anticipated projects or subprojects include following: 1. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (For Islamabad and Federally Administered Tribal Areas) 2. Punjab Environmental Punjab Environmental Protection Act (Amendment 2012) Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014 3. Balochistan Environmental Protection Act 2013 4. KPK Environmental Protection Act 2014 The relevant sections of environmental assessment (IEE and EIA) in provincial acts is given in Table 19. Table 18: Pakistan Environmental Acts Relevant Sections IEE/EIA Act Section Punjab Environmental Protection Act (Amendment 2012) Section 12 Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014 Section 17 Baluchistan Environmental Protection Act 2013 Section 15 KPK Environmental Protection Act 2014 Section 13 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (For Islamabad and Federally Section 12 Administered Tribal Areas) These Regulations define procedures for preparation, review and approval of environmental assessments which has been adopted by all the provinces. The projects falling under any of the categories e.g. the project requiring Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report or any other legally applicable reports, have to fulfill requirements of both bank and local regulatory requirement. Public hearing IEE/EAI is one of the essential requirements under federal and provincial Environmental Protection Acts 99 5.9 Disclosure For meaningful consultations between the HEC and project affected groups and local NGOs on all Category B projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, the HEC provides relevant material in a timely manner prior to consultation and in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted. Any separate Category B report for a project proposed for IDA financing is made available to project affected groups and local NGOs. Public availability in the borrowing country and official receipt by the Bank of Category A reports for projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, and of any Category B EA report for projects proposed for IDA funding, are prerequisites to Bank appraisal of these projects. Once the HEC officially transmits any separate Category B EA report to the Bank, the Bank makes it available through its website. 100 6 Potential Environmental & Social Impacts Assessment and Mitigation Measures There are two types of sub-projects that result environmental and social impacts, these are; the research projects, and small construction activities. This chapter describes potential generic environmental and social risks and impacts (direct, indirect/induced and cumulative) associated with the proposed project and its components which needs to be managed during designing and operational phases. The proposed project aims to support the Government of Pakistan in strengthening the tertiary education system in the country. The project will support the innovative strategic research through competitive financing under: 1. Grand Challenge Fund (GCF); 2. Innovator Seed Fund (ISF); and 3. Technology Transfer Support Fund (TTSF) 4. Local Challenge Fund It is anticipated that the proposed project will support research under following major categories of research areas through above mentioned funding arrangements: a. Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and Economics; b. Business and Management; c. Physical, Biological, and Earth Sciences; d. Engineering and Technology; e. Energy and Renewable Energy; f. Waste Recycling; g. Climate Change Resilience [Disaster] and Environment h. Medical, Health, and Nutritional Sciences; and i. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. It is also anticipated that research under category ‘a’ and ‘b’ may not have any adverse environmental and social impacts, however the others may have negative environmental and social impacts. The research activities may involve laboratory or field-based research work. The research projects seeking funds, need to comply with World Bank’s safeguard policies established by this ESMF, in addition to conformity with environmental legislation of the Government of Pakistan and Provincial Governments. At this stage the type, extent and exact locations of the proposed project(s) and subproject(s) are not known and may not be known at the appraisal stage and the requirement to carry out a detailed environmental and social analysis as part of the project implementation phase may not be fulfilled. However, to identify potential environmental and social impacts at proposal screening stage for any project(s) or subproject(s), a limited environmental and social analysis/screening seems essential and need to be done during project approval for funding. Following is the environmental and social screening guidelines for the proposed project(s) and subproject(s): 6.1 Environmental and Social Screening: The project activities with potential environmental and social impacts s will be screened through following two windows: c) Research projects: The research projects screening by HEC will include the following: [but not limited to]:  Identification of possible environmental and social impacts of the proposed project(s) and subproject(s). In some cases, this could be limited t a simple assessment of laboratory facilities and their experience on laboratory. The checklist for such research proposals is attached as [Annexure 4].  As part of the same screening process, HEC will also determine the proposed research project(s) and subproject(s) which can be categorized under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000 [Annexure 1], have to fulfill the applicable legal requirements including either Initial Environmental Examination [IEE], Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] or any other applicable requirement; and d) Small Works projects:  The proponent of the proposed project(s) and subproject(s) involving infrastructure renovation and/or refurbishing construction works, fulfilling eligibility criteria for funding, have to be screened through checklist [Annexure 2]. This screening is intended to identify the activities that may have environmental and social impacts. The specific measures that should be taken into consideration while evaluating such project(s) and subproject(s) proposals are attached as [Annexure 3]. These measures will also be included as part of the bidding documents of contractors and in the documents that award the grants. 6.2 Project Activities Table 20 describes project components and associated activities which could result into potential environmental and social risks and impacts. 102 Table 19: HEDP Project Components and Associated Activities # Project Components Proposed Activities 1 Component 1: Activity 1: Nurturing Excellence in Strategic Sectors Stimulating excellence in research. The categories of research areas may include following: a. Physical, Biological, and Earth Sciences; b. Engineering and Technology; c. Energy and Renewable Energy; d. Waste Recycling; e. Climate Change Resilience [Disaster] and Environment f. Medical, Health, and Nutritional Sciences; and g. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. 2 Component 2: Activity 2A. Supporting Affiliated Colleges to provide Strengthening the Affiliation Mechanisms Mid-Level Skills Activity 2B: Aligning curricula to the labor market Activity 2C: Faculty Training Activity 2D: Interacting with the Socio-economic Environment 3 Component 3: Activity 3A: Equipping Students and Higher Education Update the existing strategy and policies on Institutions with Modern Technology technology Activity 3B: Connecting affiliated colleges and enabling technology enhanced learning Activity 3C: Expanding the service offer of HEC and PERN 4 Component 4: Higher Education Management Information System (HEMIS) 5 Technical Assistance Activity 4A: National Academy for Higher Education (NAHE) Activity 4B: Improving the research management system Activity 4C: Diversifying funding streams of universities and HEC 103 6.3 Potential Environmental Impacts and Associated Mitigation Measures Table 21 presents generic [but not conclusively] potential environmental aspects and impacts of the anticipated project(s) and subproject(s) activities. The mitigation measures of the significant environmental and social impacts [if identified] will be required from the project(s) and subproject(s) proponent in the form of a comprehensive impact mitigation plan. The plan must include following [but not limited to] information to meet the appraisal requirements:  Project phase  Identified Significant Environmental and Social Aspects and Associated Impacts  Proposed Mitigation Measures  The Monitoring Parameters  The Monitoring Frequency  Roles and Responsibilities  Compliance Criteria 104 Table 20: Environmental Aspects and Potential Impacts # Project Activities Actions to be taken Environmental and Social Potential Environmental Aspects to be taken into Impacts Consideration 1 Component 1: Activity 1A: Under Activity 1A: 1. The generic indirect  No direct, physical, Nurturing Stimulating 1. Finance the innovative environmental and social environmental impacts Excellence in excellence in strategic research through aspects need to be taken into can be anticipated for Strategic Sectors research. The following competitive consideration while actions under Activity categories of research financing: financing actions under 1A. activities may include  The Grand Challenge Activity 2A. While financing  The significant following: Fund (GCF): [for such projects, the proponent environmental impacts a. Physical, selected public and [the one who submits that need to be taken Biological, private universities; proposal for the project and into consideration while and Earth critical societal and seeks approval and finance] financing actions under Sciences; economic challenges; must address significant Activity 2A. No b. Engineering individual faculty staff environmental and social project/s should be and on specific themes aspects at all the financed under any of Technology; aligned with national development and operational the competitive c. Energy and priorities] stages of the proposed financing which do not Renewable  The Innovator Seed project/s. provide and implement Energy; Fund (ISF): [for selected 2. The proposed project/s environmental d. Waste public and private should only be financed management or Recycling; universities; students under any of the competitive mitigation plans for the e. Climate and faculty staff; to financing if these provide following [but not Change bring innovative product environmental and social limited to] significant Resilience or service to the market] management plans environmental impacts [Disaster]  The Technology addressing [but not limited at any stage and Transfer Support Fund to] followings: [development and Environment (TTSF): [for public  Vegetation including operational]: f. Medical, Health, and university departments trees, plants, crops etc.  Vegetation: Loss of top and faculties; research  Natural Habitats soil, air pollution, soil Nutritional projects in partnership including terrestrial, erosion, loss of aesthetic Sciences; and with private companies freshwater, or marine of the area 105 g. Agriculture, and in specific fields of geographical unit or  Natural Habitats: Loss Livestock and national interest] airway that supports of natural habitats and Fisheries.  Local Challenge Funds assemblages of living biodiversity (LCF): This will organisms and their  Physical Cultural encourage the Tier 2 interactions with the Resources (PCRs): Loss universities/Higher nonliving environment. of PCRs at the project Education Institutes to  Physical Cultural sites establish and strengthen Resources (PCRs)  Air: Air pollution their research capacities  Air Quality including resulting in poor by competing for fugitive emission and/or visibility, loss of research grants for point source emissions. vegetation, property research solutions for  Wastewater [having or damages, acid rain, soil pressing socio-economic may have pollution contamination and problems within the parameters exceeding health implications on district or locality that legally applicable limits] workers and nearby the university is located  Storage and disposal of community in. Solid and Hazardous  Wastewater: Soil and Waste water contamination,  Noise odor, health implications  Occupational health and (due to breeding of safety [OH&S] concerns mosquitos and flies), of employees and and nuisance due to workers involved and improper treatment and the nearby disposal of sanitary community/passersby wastewater from  Social and economic construction camps. baseline of the project  Solid Waste and Soil area Contamination: Nuisance, health implications on workers and community (due to breeding of mosquitos and flies) (if not disposed/treated 106 properly). Soil contamination due to improper disposal of hazardous solid waste.  Noise: Nuisance, health implications on workers and nearby community, loss of biodiversity.  Occupational Health and Safety [OH&S]: Safety hazards for workers and community.  Social and economic baseline of the project area 2 Component 2: Activity 2A: Under Activity 2A: 1. No direct, physical, 1. No direct, physical, Component Strengthening the Revise and Make Pro-Active environmental aspects can environmental impacts can 2: Supporting Affiliation affiliation mechanism for ACs. be anticipated for actions be anticipated for actions Decentralized Mechanisms Under Activity 2B: under Activity 2A, 2B, 2C, under Activity 2A, 2B, 2C, Higher Activity 2B: 1. Revise the curricula for 2- 2D and 2E. Wherever 2D and 2E. Aligning curricula to year Associated Degree and relevant environmental and 2. Proposed environmental and Education the labor market 4-year BS Degree programs. social aspects should be social actions will directly Institutes for Activity 2C: improved 2. Make degree programs incorporated in the revised and indirectly positively 2.5: Connecting consistent with the semester curricula. contribute in the teaching and Affiliated Colleges and credit structures, and environmental enhancement. learning to Pakistan align assessment methods Education and related with the new Research Activity structures. 2D: Interacting with the Under Activity 2C: Socio-economic 1. Provide training [through Environment AUs] to ACs faculty on Activity 2E: 2. Environmental and social content knowledge in line aspects should be made part with the new curriculum. of the faculty training. 107 Improving Monitoring and Under Activity 2D: Evaluation 1. Engage employers and civil society through a Quality 3. Environment and social Enhancement Cells [QECs] issues being run across all of AUs for curriculum the subjects therefore, it revision and for special should be made integral part training sessions to share of QECs of AUs and their professional environmental and social experiences. Involve internships should also be employers in designing new included. internship programs for ACs. 2. Perform consultative M&E activities by engaging QECs 4. M&E activities should also and M&E specialists to include environmental and provide quality assessments, social monitoring of project trainings, and coaching to activities and actions. ACs and Tier 2 AUs. 3 Component 3: Activity A: Under Activity 3A: 1. No direct, physical, 1. No direct, physical, Equipping Update the existing 1. Revision and updating of environmental and social environmental and social students and strategy and policies existing Information and aspects can be anticipated impacts can be anticipated higher education on technology Communication Technology for actions under Activity for actions under Activity institutions with Activity C: [ICT] strategy 3A, 3C, and 3D. 3A, 3C, and 3D. modern Expanding the 2. The generic indirect 1. The significant technology service offer of HEC Under Activity 3B: environmental and social environmental and social and PERN 1. Modernize selected ACs aspects need to be taken into impacts that need to be taken through Pakistan Education consideration while into consideration while & Research Network financing actions under financing actions under [PERN] connectivity and Activity 3B. This activity Activity 3B. No project/s Eduroam. may include networking, should be financed under 2. Support to develop and cabling, and development of any of the competitive equip smart classrooms, data centers having power financing which do not consuming equipment e.g. provide and implement 108 virtual classrooms, and servers, CPUs, RAMs, environmental and social distance learnings. HVAC systems etc. While management or mitigation 3. Offer relevant capacity financing such projects the plans for the following [but building trainings to AUs an proponent [the one who not limited to] significant ACs. submits proposal for the environmental impacts at project and seeks approval any stage [development and Under Activity 3C: and finance] must address operational]: 1. Develop an online market- significant environmental  Air: Air pollution place for relevant software and social aspects at all the resulting in poor e.g. LMS software, research development and operational visibility, loss of software, anti-plagiarism stages of the proposed vegetation, property software. The web services, project/s. damages, acid rain, soil provision of cloud storage, contamination and and cluster computing, etc. health implications on workers and nearby community Under Component 4:  Wastewater: Soil and Component 4: 1. Dialogue with the HEIs to water contamination, Higher Education select indicators for data odor, health implications Management collection through HEMIS. (due to breeding of Information 2. Develop a comprehensive mosquitos and flies), System (HEMIS strategy for data collection. and nuisance due to 3. Train relevant staff in improper treatment and Quality Enhancement Cells disposal of sanitary [QECs] to feed and access wastewater from their data into the HEMIS construction camps. system.  Solid Waste and Soil 4. Digitization of University Contamination: Administration Nuisance, health implications on workers and community (due to breeding of mosquitos and flies) (if not disposed/treated 109 properly). Soil contamination due to improper disposal of hazardous solid waste.  Noise: Nuisance, health implications on workers and nearby community, loss of biodiversity.  Occupational Health and Safety [OH&S]: Safety hazards for workers and community.  Social and economic baseline of the project area 4 :Technical Activity A: Under Activity 4A: 1. No direct, physical, 2. NO direct, physical, Assistance Support in 1. Support HEC in developing environmental and social environmental impacts can developing National and delivering international aspects can be anticipated be anticipated for actions Academy standard training programs for actions under Activity under Activity 4A, 4B, and for Higher for AUs and AC. 4A, 4B, and 4C. 4C. Education (NAHE) Under Activity 4B: Activity B: 1. Support capacity Improving the development of the research Research evaluation panels [quality Management assurance under Component System 1]. Activity C: 2. Support mechanisms of Diversifying funding partnering with lead streams of researchers and practitioners universities and HEC to strengthen the communities of practices and learning in various sectors. 110 Under Activity 4C: 1. Support capacity development for universities and the HEC in diversification of funding streams, as well as analytical work on the diversification of funding and endowment building strategies. 111 6.4 Perceived Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures Being a project focusing on education, HEDP has numerous benefits related to improving the quality of higher education and research in Pakistan. However, given the diversity and spread of this project, there is a risk that project activities will not be socially inclusive and equitable. The possible social risks associated with HEDP relate to gender exclusion, geographical exclusion, discrimination and inability of the project to contribute towards solving societal and economic problems. Moreover, The Local Challenge Fund under Component 1 will provide grants for research to tackle pressing socioeconomic challenges within any given district or locality that the university is located in. The grant will be open to research addressing any of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goal targets, with a focus on adapting solution to the local district/division level in Pakistan. Since the fund is competitive and open to all universities (including the University of Chitral), there is a possibility that grant applications may be received for research focusing on Kailash people, valleys or land. Keeping this in view, OP 4.10 on Indigenous People has been triggered as a precaution. An IPPF has been prepared for the Project, using two recently developed IPPF for World Bank financed KP Integrated Tourism Development Project (KITE), and KP Irrigated Agriculture Productivity Improvement Project (KPIAP). Both these IPPF’s address research areas which the research grants component Local Challenge Fund will target. Typically, all such areas which fall under SDG’s (which are the main focus for the Higher Education Research) are covered in these two IPPF’s (for example livelihoods, tourism, land, culture, agriculture, horticulture, livestock, education, health, water, climate change and biodiversity). The opportunities and challenges under each have been explored and consulted upon. Hence the IPPF prepared for HEDP will only guide research grants for issues covered and consulted upon within the IPPF of HEDP. In addition, all such requests will need to be vetted by the World Bank (under guidance of OP 4.10) and will be required to acquire all necessary and relevant clearances from the Bank. This due diligence will be carried out before initiating any type of review process by any entity. The social risks associated with each component of HEDP are presented in Table 22 below. Table 23 provides perceived social impacts for each proposed activity under HEDP along with recommended mitigation measures. Table 21: Perceived Social Risks Project Component Social Risk Component 1: Nurturing Excellence in Moderate risk of gender exclusion, Strategic Sectors geographical exclusion, and inability of the project to contribute towards solving societal and economic problems. Component 2: Supporting Decentralized Moderate risk of gender exclusion, and Higher Education Institutes for improved geographical exclusion. teaching and learning 112 Component 3: Equipping Students and Higher Limited to low social risk Education Institutions with Modern Technology Component 4: Higher Education Management Limited to low social risk Information System and Data Driven Services Component 5: Capacity Building, Project Limited to low social risk Management, Monitoring and Evaluation 113 Table 22: Perceived Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures Component/Sub- Perceived Social Risk Recommendations Component Component 1 - Nurturing Excellence in Strategic Sectors Gender exclusion; grants for the Grand Encourage female applicants to apply for grants through Challenge Fund and the Technology bridging workshops to improve research skills. Women Transfer Support Fund may primarily go researchers should be involved in the consultative process to male investigators for determination of eligibility criteria and format of the workshops. Encourage female applicants to apply for grants by providing mentorship opportunities if chosen. Mentors will be established researchers from top universities who will provide guidance on the chosen research. A list of mentors Sub-component 1.1: for each thematic research should be prepared by HEC for Promoting Innovative and this purpose Relevant Research Geographical exclusion; grants for the Ensure that universities in historically underserved areas Grand Challenge Fund and the (Balochistan, South Punjab etc.) are aware of these grants Technology Transfer Support Fund may and encouraged to apply exclude universities in historically underserved areas Provide incentives (such a grant size) for collaborative research between well established research universities/Tier 1 universities, and smaller universities in underserved areas Discrimination; grants for Grand Grants criteria and applications must clearly state that equal Challenge Fund and the Technology opportunity will be given to all applicants regardless of Transfer Support Fund may discriminate gender, race, ethnicity and religion. against gender, religion or ethnicity 114 Component/Sub- Perceived Social Risk Recommendations Component Research conducted using grants from the Evaluation criteria must clearly list the sectors of national GCF and TTSF may be of poor quality priority based on Pakistan Vision 2025 and HEC Vision and not contribute towards solving societal 2025 to ensure relevance and economic problems. HEC must use their platform to collect and analyze data on past research trends to identify gaps in chosen themes and align evaluation criteria to ensure grants are provided for research ideas with higher chances of applicability Research proposals must include plans and budgets for commercialization and outreach Grants proposals should include potential for continued revenue generation from research by the university through licensing fees, patents, royalties and equity stakes in start-up businesses. Evaluation criteria should favour high impact relevant research publications over sheer quantity of research publications by applicants To limit individual research, HEC should provide incentives in terms of grant size, evaluation etc. for collaborative research between universities, public and private sector HEC must prepare a robust grants monitoring system which should include the following:  Release of funds on successful achievement of milestones and assessment through peer review  Bi-annual and annual progress reports  Physical verification of milestones 115 Component/Sub- Perceived Social Risk Recommendations Component Sub-component 1.2: Gender exclusion; Innovation Seed Fund Ensure that some Business Incubation Centers (BICs) are Encouraging and Business Incubation Centers may be established universities accessible to women Entrepreneurship and Self- inaccessible to female entrepreneurs Encourage women to apply for the Innovation Seed Fund employment Geographical exclusion; Innovation Seed Ensure that some Business Incubation Centers (BICs) are Fund and Business Incubation Centers located in universities in historically underserved areas such may be inaccessible to entrepreneurs from as Balochistan and South Punjab historically underserved areas Discrimination; Innovation Seed Fund Selection criteria and applications must clearly state that may discriminate against gender, religion equal opportunity will be given to all applicants regardless or ethnicity of gender, race, ethnicity and religion. Gender exclusion; grants may primarily go Encourage female investigators to apply for grants to male investigators Geographical exclusion; grants may Ensure that universities in historically underserved areas exclude universities in historically (Balochistan, South Punjab etc.) are aware of the Local underserved areas Challenges Fund and encouraged to apply Discrimination; grants may discriminate Grants criteria and applications must clearly state that equal against gender, religion or ethnicity opportunity will be given to all applicants regardless of gender, race, ethnicity and religion. Research conducted using grants Local Evaluation criteria must clearly list the sectors of national Sub-component 1.3: Local Challenges Fund may be of poor quality priority based on Pakistan Vision 2025 and HEC Vision Challenge Funds and not contribute towards solving societal 2025 to ensure relevance and economic problems. HEC must use their platform to collect and analyze data on Research proposals maybe received for past research trends to identify gaps in chosen themes and Kalash Valley and/or Kalash people align evaluation criteria to ensure grants are provided for research ideas with higher chances of applicability Research proposals must include plans and budgets for commercialization and outreach 116 Component/Sub- Perceived Social Risk Recommendations Component Evaluation criteria should favour high impact relevant research publications over sheer quantity of research publications by applicants To limit individual research, HEC should provide incentives in terms of grant size, evaluation etc. for collaborative research between universities, public and private sector HEC must prepare a robust grants monitoring system which should include the following:  Release of funds on successful achievement of milestones and assessment through peer review  Bi-annual and annual progress reports  Physical verification of milestones HEC must ensure that all research proposals exploring, targeting or by any way relevant to Kalash Valley or Kalash people, will be handled in accordance to the IPPF of HEDP, and must be reported to WB before ANY TYPE of action is taken. Component 2: Supporting Decentralized Higher Education Institutes for improved teaching and learning Sub-component 2.1: Gender exclusion; 500 colleges chosen Criteria for choosing colleges must be devised to ensure Strengthening the may disproportionately benefit male or equitable representation of female and male colleges. Affiliation System female colleges Target at least 45% women’s colleges to ensure gender Sub-component 2.2: inclusion. Bringing Education in Affiliated Colleges at par with International Standards 117 Component/Sub- Perceived Social Risk Recommendations Component Sub-component 2.3: Gender and geographical exclusion Ensure student learning assessments and tracer studies assess Interacting with the local project impacts on gender and geographical inclusion Socio-economic Environment. Including Monitoring and Evaluation within the AC Sector Sub-component 2.4: Gender exclusion; 200 colleges chosen Criteria for choosing colleges must be devised to ensure Connecting Affiliated may disproportionately benefit male or equitable representation of female and male colleges. Colleges to Pakistan female colleges Education and Research Network (PERN) Geographical exclusion; 200 colleges Criteria for choosing colleges must be devised to ensure chosen may disproportionately benefit equitable representation of all provinces and inclusion of provinces/areas with higher populations colleges located in historically underserved areas. Component 3: Equipping Students and Higher Education Institutions with Modern Technology Subcomponent 3.1: No perceived adverse social impacts N/A Improving the policy environment for ICT use Subcomponent 3.2: Professionalizing PERN Subcomponent 3.3: Expanding PERN vertically Component 4: Higher Education Management Information System and Data Driven Services Subcomponent 4.1: HEC Gender and geographical exclusion – Indicators and variables set for the data system must include Data Repository HEC’s data repository may not have gender, location and other social variables adequate information to plan for social inclusion 118 Component/Sub- Perceived Social Risk Recommendations Component Subcomponent 4.2: No perceived adverse social impacts N/A Digitization of University Administration Component 5: Capacity Building, Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Component 5: Capacity No perceived adverse social impacts N/A Building, Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation 119 7 Grievance Redress Mechanism The Grievance Redress Mechanism will be adopted by the proponent to facilitate resolution of any community complaints and grievances about the project’s environmental and social performance, in line with the requirements of World Bank. 7.1 Requirements of Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) The HEC will respond to concerns and grievances of project affected parties related to the environmental and social performance of the project in a timely manner. For this purpose, the HEC will propose and implement a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) to receive and facilitate resolution of such concerns and grievances. The GRM will be proportionate to the potential risks and impacts of the project and will be accessible and inclusive. Where feasible and suitable for the project, the GRM will utilize existing formal GRM, supplemented as needed with project specific arrangements. a. The GRM is expected to address concerns promptly and effectively, in a transparent manner that is culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all project-affected parties, at no cost and without retribution. The mechanism, process or procedure will not prevent access to judicial or administrative remedies. The HEC will inform the project-affected parties about the grievance process in the course of its community engagement activities, and will make publicly available a record documenting the responses to all grievances received; and b. Handling of grievances will be done in a culturally appropriate manner and be discreet, objective, sensitive and responsive to the needs and concerns of the project-affected parties. The mechanism will also allow for anonymous complaints to be raised. 7.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism The HEC shall establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to facilitate the resolution of complaints and grievances about the project’s environmental and social performance. This shall be in line with the requirements of the World Bank. Under this mechanism, a Grievance Redress Cell (GRC) shall be established in the Project Implementation Unit. The focal person shall be directly accessible to the community and to the proponents of project(s) and subproject(s) from affiliated universities and colleges for the registration of complaints and their resolution. The GRC shall maintain a Complaints Management Register (CMR), for logging complaints and grievances. All written and oral grievances will be recorded in the Register. The information will include the date and the particulars of the complainant; a description of the grievance; the follow-up action required; the person responsible for implementing the action; and a target date for its completion. Each complaint shall be recorded in the register with a complaint number and provided to the affected person for follow up purpose. GRC member shall take necessary actions as per the nature, scale and type of the grievance registered. GRC members can halt the project activities in case of causing non-resolvable grievances. All the records of GRM shall be accessible to the public and World Bank. A monthly Grievance Redress Report (GRR) shall be prepared and be part of the compliance reports. PCU will essentially make sure that the system of GRM is replicated in associated university as it is presented above. GRC at PCU will be responsible for coordinating with associated universities and accordingly report the GRM activities at the associated universities in the monthly GRR report. 8 BUDGET The cost estimates to implement ESMF is provided in Table 24 below. This cost is included in the overall project cost. As mentioned above that HEC will establish PCU for the implementation of the project. In addition, as it is established in the institutional arrangement that HEC will strengthen its M&E Department by appointing Deputy Director- Environment. It recommended that one environmental specialist and one social specialist should be appointed under Deputy Director-Environment for assisting him to monitor the environmental and social aspects of the project. Additional costs could be included in the sub-project specific ESMPs. Annual cost of ESMF implementation is estimated about Rs. 13.5 million. The estimated total budget for 5 year HEDP project is 67.5 million PKR (482,143 USD; @ 1USD=140PKR) Table 23: ESMF Implementation Budget 5yr Project Annual Cost Description Cost Basis (million PKR) (million PKR) (USD) Environment 3.0 15.0 107,143 PKR 250,000/month Specialist-PCU salary Social specialists- 3.0 15.0 107,143 PKR 250,000/month PCU salary Third party 1.6 8.0 57,143 Four person months per validation year for a team of two experts i.e. environmental and social two person months each. Cost has been calculated on the basis of unit rate of PKR 400,000/month ESMP Trainings 0.6 3.0 21,429 PCU will organize two trainings every years for affiliated project partners for strengthening ESMP preparation and implementation Operational and 5.0 25.0 178,571 Lump sum Logistical Support Miscellaneous and 0.9 4.5 32,143 @ of 7% of the above unforeseen costs Total Annual Cost 14.1 70.5 580,715 Bibliography 1 Planning Commission of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision 2025. www.pc.gov.pk 2 Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. HEC Vision 2025. www.hec.gov.pk 3 Government of Pakistan. 2018. Pakistan Education Statistics 2016-17. National Education Management Information Systems, Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training. Islamabad 4 HEDP Project Document. 2018. HEC Proposal for Improving Tertiary Education in Pakistan. HEC, Islamabad. 5 Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. 2011. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Infrastructure Development Projects in Universities and HEIs in Pakistan. Islamabad: Pakistan 6 World Bank. 2017. System Appraisal for Better Education Results (SABER) Country Report, Pakistan. 7 Environmental and Social Framework, The World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017 8 Appendix 3, The World Bank’s New Operational Manual, January 199 9 9 Environmental Assessment Source Book 1999, Chapter 1, The World Bank Group 10 Topic 4 Screening, EA Training Resource Manual, Second Edition 2002 11 Table A1, Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies – Policy Objectives and Operational principles, The World Bank 12 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment, Operational Manual, The World Bank 13 Environmental Screening, Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update, Environment Department, The World Bank, April 1993 Number 2 14 Climate Change Act, 2016 15 National Sanitation Policy, 2006 16 Balochistan Environmental Act 2012 17 KPK Environmental Protection Act 2014 18 The Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 2014 Annexure 1: Environmental and Safety Checklist for Small Infrastructure and Renovation/Refurbishing Proposal The purpose of this generalized checklist is to identify potential environmental and safety issues related to activities involving small infrastructure renovation/refurbishing work. The checklist must be duly filled by the proponent which afterward reviewed and signed by the respective authority. If the checklist shows potential negative environmental impacts, the proponent will submit a separate mitigation measures table. Title of Sub-project: Applicant Institution: Types of renovation/refurbishing work: Estimated cost of renovation/refurbishing work: Duration of renovation/refurbishing work: Tentative Start Date: Name and Designation of the Sub-project Coordinator/Focal Point: Brief Description of Small infrastructure renovation/ refurbishing work (Within 200 words) Checklist: Answer If [Yes], Possible Negative Sr. No. Question Yes No Environmental Impact Will the renovation work disturb other 1 academic activities? 2 Will it create major noise? 3 Will it create dust problem around the sites? Will it temporarily stop the water supply and 4 sanitation system? Will any refrigeration/air conditioning units 5 be removed/disposed? Will any liquid waste, or an item containing 6 liquids (including oils), need to be transported off-site for reuse, recycle or disposal? Will equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) be removed (i.e. 7 transformers, capacitors, hydraulic and heat transfer systems, etc.)? Will building materials containing asbestos be 8 removed/disposed? Will any building materials be 9 removed/disposed that are coated with lead- based paint? Will any building materials be 10 removed/disposed that contain lead, silver or chrome? Will batteries be removed/disposed (lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries from emergency 11 lights and other battery-powered or battery- backup items? Will mercury-containing devices (switches, 12 gauges, thermostats) be removed/disposed? Will an emergency generator set or other 13 aboveground storage tank (AST) be installed or removed? Will the renovation work have any indirect 14 impact on environment and ecosystem? Mitigation Measures Table Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Project Environmental Proposed Responsibility Monitoring Freq. Responsibility Compliance Phase Impacts Mitigation Parameter(s) Criteria Measures Dsgn. Opr. Signature: The above answers are true and complete. I understand that the HEC is replying on them to make its decision. Sub-project Focal Point Signature & Date: Contact Number and E-mail: Please sign below to verify that the information in this document is accurate and complete to the best of your knowledge. Environmental Professional Signature & Date (Optional): Name: Contact Number and E-mail: Department/Institutional Head Signature & Date: Name: Contact Number and E-mail: Annexure 2: Generic Safeguard Measures for Infrastructure Renovation and/or Refurbishing Construction Works Anticipated Activity Description Suppression of dust The control on dust emissions will be the responsibility of the emission contractor at the dust generation points, during construction activities. The contractor must measures to avoid dust spreading to the nearby areas. In addition, the contractor must ensure the provision of OH&S equipment and ensuring their use by the workers. Safe disposal of domestic Followings must be taken care: solid waste 1. All food waste shall be contained in covered bins and disposed of on a frequent basis to avoid attracting wildlife. 2. Trash bins shall be accessible at all locations where waste is generated. 3. The project area shall be kept clean and free of litter and no litter shall be allowed to disperse to the surrounding area. 4. Solid waste shall be removed from the site and transported to a municipal landfill or disposal site. 5. Waste shall not be dumped or buried in unauthorized areas or burned. Safe disposal of The Hazardous Solid Waste Management shall identify hazardous and proper management procedures for all hazardous materials construction waste and wastes that may be encountered during construction, including handling, labeling, transporting, and storing procedures. In addition, the plan shall address the following: 1. Non-toxic and biodegradable produces will be used whenever possible. 2. Hazardous materials shall be transported and stored in appropriate containers with clearly visible labels. Hazardous materials shall be stored under shed within secondary containment capable of containing its entire volume. 3. Equipment and work areas shall be regularly inspected for signs of leaks and spills. Spill containment and cleanup kits shall be available wherever hazardous materials are being used or stored. Any incidental spills or leaks shall be contained and cleaned up as soon as it is safe to do so. Any contaminated soil shall be collected and disposed of addressing the applicable regulatory requirements. 4. All workers shall receive training on proper handling and storage of hazardous materials, as well as spill response and cleanup procedures, prior to working on the project site. All such trainings will be the responsibility of contractor. Soil pollution control 1. Storage of fuel, paint, and oil containers, oil filters, oily parts and oily rags on impervious floor under shed. 2. Placement of fuel containers under containment and proper decantation arrangement to avoid its spillage and leakage on floor 3. Presence of spill kit to remove spills from the floor 4. Avoid washing the contaminated floors rather dry cleaning the spills from the floor with saw dust and rags Noise abatement 1. Carry out regular inspection and maintenance of the construction equipment 2. In case of severe noise, use sound barriers to avoid the dispersion of sound waves 3. Workers should use noise protection safety equipment when working in a noisy area. 4. The noise level of 85 dBA for 8 hour working for the workers is considered safe. The contractors should ensure keeping noise levels within safe limits. In case of higher noise levels (more than 85 dBA), the workers should be rotated. The workers at higher noise level areas should not be allowed to work for more than two to three hours and shifted to calm places for rest of the hours Protection of workers 1. The contractor is required to comply with all the from health and safety precautions as required for the safety of the workmen as hazards per the national/provincial and World Bank requirements. 2. Contractor has to ensure that all operators of dangerous machinery are properly trained/certified, and also insured. 3. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, safety shoes etc., to the workers and staff. 4. The contractor has to comply with all regulation regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. 5. Workers, who are engaged in welding works, would be provided with welder's protective eye-shields. 6. Suitable transport will be provided to take injured or ill person(s) to the nearest approachable hospital. 7. First Aid Box will be provided at every construction campsite and under the charge of a responsible person who shall always be readily available during working hours. 8. The contractor shall be responsible for providing safe drinking water and for supplying hygienic food for the team at the site. Annexure 3: Checklist for Research Projects [including Laboratory Based Research] The purpose of this checklist is to identify potential environmental and safety issues related to the research proposals (where laboratory testing could be involved or not).. This is a generalized checklist format for all category research activities. However, it is anticipated the research proposals under ‘Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences’ and Business and Management’ will not have any environment impact and thus the proposals under these disciplines will not require to submit the checklist unless the review committee request for such checklist. Please note that the project and sub-projects involving or resulting into following activities shall NOT be considered eligible for financing: - Disturbance to the natural habitats - Disturbance to ndigenous people - Disturbance to physical and cultural resources - Land acquisition - Involving dam safety - Involving International waterways - Involving territories in dispute The proponent will fill-up the format, which will be reviewed and signed by concerning authority. If the checklist shows potential negative environmental impacts, the proponent will submit a separate mitigation measures table. Title of Research Work: Applicant Name: Supervisor Name and Designation: Department: Institution: Level of Research Study [Please specify Masters/Doctoral/Others]: Research Disciplines:  Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences  Business and Management  Physical, Biological, and Earth Sciences  Engineering and Technology  Medical, Health, and Nutritional Sciences  Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Expected Duration of Research Work [Months]: Tentative Start Date: Brief Description of Research Activity [Within 200 words]: Checklist: Answer Sr. No. Question Remarks Yes No Will the research work be laboratory based? 1 [If the answer of question 1 is no, then go to question 6] 2 Does the laboratory have i. Environment, health and safety protocol or guidelines? ii. Adequate fire safety provision? iii. Safety provision for gas cylinder handling? iv. Proper waste disposal facilities? v. Adequate liquid waste management facilities? vi. Proper storage facilities for hazardous chemicals, pesticides etc.? vii. Adequate ventilation system? viii. First-aid facilities? ix. Emergency exit facilities? x. Trained professional to guide the Researchers /students about safety procedures? Will the laboratory based research 3 work: i. Require procurement of hazardous products (WHO Hazard Class I & II)? ii. Produce hazardous waste materials? iii. Generate infectious waste? iv. Cause significant emissions of gas harmful to health? v. Generate liquid waste? vi. Cause any major noise? Does the applicant have received 4 formal training on laboratory operation and safety rules? Does the applicant have previous 5 work experience at laboratory on similar works? Will the research work require 6 interventions at field level? 7 Will the field based research work i. Located at or near an environmentally sensitive area? ii. Require procurement of hazardous products/pesticides (WHO Hazard Class I & II) or will induce to the use of pesticide in the future?74 iii. Discharge any liquid waste in the environment? iv. Discharge large quantities of waste/used water? v. Generate hazardous waste? vi. Impair downstream water quality? vii. Have any possible degradation in land and ecosystem? viii. Cause local air pollution from any plant/system operation? ix. Generate excessive noise and/or dust? Will medical, biophysical or clinical 8 research be conducted using human subjects? Will the project have any indirect 9 impact on environment and ecosystem? Will the research work involve 10 permission or clearance of any government department or agency? Will future expansion or implementation of research finding 11 cause any major environment problem? Will outcomes from the research 12 work have any impact on Indigenous People (Kalash community in Chitral) Will the project be related to dams or 13 will promote activities that will rely on the performance of existing dams? Will the project involve International 14 Waterway as per the WB policy? Will the project involve territories in 15 dispute as per the WB policy> Items 13, 14 and 15 are include to re ensure that proponents exclude in their proposal these aspects which are not eligible for financing. Mitigation Measures Table Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Project Environmental Proposed Responsibility Monitoring Freq. Responsibility Compliance Phase Impacts Mitigation Parameter(s) Criteria Measures 74 Given that project will be investing in research of the agriculture sector, it is essential that clear and easy to follow guidelines are recommended to project proponents to promote the implementation and adoption of an integrated pest management approach and to stimulate the research on biological methods in line with the World Bank Policy on pest management. These type of research proposals will consider the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and Dsgn. Opr. Signature: The above answers are true and complete. I understand that the HEC is replying on them to make its decision. Applicant Signature & Date: ___________________________________________________________________ Contact Number and E-mail: Please sign below to verify that the information in this document is accurate and complete to the best of your knowledge. Supervisor Signature & Date: Contact Number and E-mail: Department Head Signature & Date: Name: Contact Number and E-mail: Annexure 4: Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (IEE and EIA) Regulations This describes the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (IEE and EIA) Regulations. Since the 18th amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan, the subject of ‘environment protection’ has been given to the Provinces. Each of the four provinces has developed their regulations to assess the development projects which may have environmental impacts.  The Punjab EPA [2012] have stated schedules I and II categorizing the proposed projects requiring Initial Environmental Examination [IEE] and/or Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA].  The Sindh EPA [2014] have stated schedules I, II and III categorizing the proposed projects requiring Checklist, Initial Environmental Examination [IEE] and/or Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA].  The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa EPA 2014, has stated Strategic Environmental Assessment [Section 12] and Initial Environmental Examination [IEE] and Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] [Section 13] to list the requirements of proposed project.  The Balochistan EPA 2012, has stated Strategic Environmental Assessment [Section 13] and Initial Environmental Examination [IEE] and Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] [Section 15] to list the requirements of proposed project. Punjab Environmental Protection Act Regulations 2000, Schedule I & II75 SCHEDULE I SCHEDULE II [IEE] [EIA] A. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries A. Energy 1. Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms 1. Hydroelectric power generation over 50 with total cost more than Rs.10million MW 2. Projects involving repacking, 2. Thermal power generation over 200 formulation or warehousing of MW agricultural products 3. Transmission lines (11 KV and above) and grid stations 4. Nuclear power plans 5. Petroleum refineries B. Energy B. Manufacturing and processing 1. Hydroelectric power generation less 1. Cement plants than 50 MW 2. Chemicals projects 2. Thermal power generation less than 200 3. Fertilizer plants KW 4. Food processing industries including 3. Transmission lines less than 11 KV, and sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy large distribution projects products, with total cost of Rs.100 4. Oil and gas transmission systems million and above 75 Source: Punjab EPA Review of IEE & EIA Regulations, 2000 5. Oil and gas extraction projects 5. Industrial estates (including export including exploration, production, processing zones) gathering systems, separation and 6. Man-made fibers and resin projects with storage total cost of Rs.100 M and above 6. Waste-to-energy generation projects 7. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation) 8. Petrochemicals complex 9. Synthetic resins, plastics and man-made fibers, paper and paperboard, paper pulping, plastic products, textiles (except apparel),printing and publishing, paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable ghee projects, with total cost more than Rs.10 million 10. Tanning and leather finishing projects C. Manufacturing and processing C. Mining and mineral processing 1. Ceramics and glass units with total cost 1. Mining and processing of coal, gold, more than Rs.50 million copper, sulphur and precious stones 2. Food processing industries including 2. Mining and processing of major non- sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy ferrous metals, iron and steel rolling products, with total cost less than 3. Smelting plants with total cost of Rs.50 Rs.100 million million and above 3. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost less than Rs.100 million 4. Manufacturing of apparel, including dyeing and printing, with total cost more than Rs.25 million 5. Wood products with total cost more than Rs.25 million D. Mining and mineral processing D. Transport 1. Commercial extraction of sand, gravel, 1. Airports limestone, clay, sulphur and other 2. Federal or Provincial highways or major minerals not included in Schedule II roads (except maintenance, rebuilding with total cost less than Rs.100 million or reconstruction of existing roads) with 2. Crushing, grinding and separation total cost of Rs.50 million and above processes 3. Ports and harbor development for ships 3. Smelting plants with total cost less than of 500 gross tons and above Rs.50 million 4. Railway works E. Transport E. Water management, dams, irrigation and 1. Federal or Provincial highways (except flood protection maintenance, rebuilding or 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage reconstruction of existing metalled volume of 50 million cubic meters and roads) with total cost less than Rs.50 above or surface area of 8 square million kilometers and above 2. Ports and harbor development for ships 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 500 gross tons 15,000 hectares and above F. Water management, dams, irrigation and F. Water supply and treatment flood protection 1. Water supply schemes and treatment 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage plants with total cost of Rs.25 million volume less than 50 million cubic and above meters of surface area less than 8 square kilometers 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15,000 hectares 3. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs.50 million G. Water supply and treatment G. Waste Disposal 1. Water supply schemes and treatment 1. Waste disposal and/or storage of plants with total cost less than Rs.25 hazardous or toxic wastes (including million landfill sites, incineration of hospital toxic waste) 2. Waste disposal facilities for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity more than 10,000 cubic meters H. Waste disposal H. Urban development and tourism 1. Waste disposal facility for domestic or 1. Land use studies and urban plans (large industrial wastes, with annual capacity cities) less than 10,000 cubic meters 2. Large-scale tourism development projects with total cost more than Rs.50 million I. Urban development and tourism I. Environmentally Sensitive Areas 1. Housing schemes 1. All projects situated in environmentally 2. Public facilities with significant off-site sensitive areas impacts (e.g. hospital wastes) 3. Urban development projects J. Other projects J. Other projects Any other project for which filing of an IEE is 1. Any other project for which filing of an required by the Federal Agency under sub- EIA is required by the Federal Agency regulation (2) of Regulation 5 under sub-regulation (2) of Regulation 5. 2. Any other project likely to cause an adverse environmental effect Sindh Environmental Protection Act Regulations 2000, Schedule I, II & III76 SCHEDULE I SCHEDULE II SCHEDULE III [IEE] [EIA] [CHECKLIST] A. Agriculture, Livestock A. Energy a) Construction of, offices and Fisheries 1. Hydroelectric power and small commercial 1. Poultry, livestock, stud generation over 50 MW buildings (1-6 story),home and fish farms 2. Thermal power industrial units, ware 2. 2. Projects involving generation over 100 houses, marriage / banquet packaging, MW facilities, large scale motor formulation, cold 3. Coal power projects vehicles workshops, storage and warehouse above 50 MW restaurants / food outlets of agricultural 4. Transmission lines (11 ,large baking unit subject products. KV and above) and to the compliance with distribution projects. existing zoning laws. 5. Nuclear power plants b) b. Reconstruction / 6. 6. Wind energy projects rehabilitation of roads if falls under any (small roads in urban area sensitive, protected and farm to market roads area. more than 2 km). B. Energy B. Oil and Gas Projects c) On-farm dams and fish 1. Petroleum refineries. farms. d) Pulses mills. 76 Source: SEPA Review of IEE & EIA Regulations, 2014 1. Hydroelectric power 2. LPG and LNG e) Flour Mills generation less than 50 Projects(including LNG f) Projects promoting energy MW Terminals, re- efficiency (small scale). 2. Thermal power gasification units) g) Lining of existing minor generation less than except LPG filling canals and /or water 100MW stations courses. 3. Coal fired power plants 3. Oil and gas transmission h) Canal cleaning with capacity less than systems i) Forest harvesting 50 MW 4. Oil and gas gathering operations 4. Transmission lines less system, separation and j) Rain harvesting projects than 11 KV, and grid storage. k) Rural schools (Secondary station and Higher Secondary) 5. Waste-to-energy and rural and basic health generation projects units having at least ten including bio-mass less beds capacity. than 25 MW 6. Solar project 7. Wind project C. Oil and Gas Projects C. Manufacturing and l) BTS Towers 1. Oil and gas 2D/3D Processing m) Lime Kilns Seismic survey and 1. Cement plants n) Ice factories and cold drilling activities 2. Chemical storage. 2. Oil and gas extraction manufacturing o) Cotton oil mill projects including industries p) Warehouses for pesticides exploration and 3. Fertilizer plants and pharmaceuticals production located 4. Steel Mills outside the 5. Sugar Mills and environmentally Distilleries sensitive areas 6. Food processing 3. Construction of LPG industries including storage facilities beverages, dairy milk 4. Construction of and products, slaughter LPG,CNG filling houses and related station and petrol activities with total pumps cost more than Rs. 200 Million 7. Industrial estates (including export processing zones) 8. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost of Rs 200 M and above 9. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation) 10. Petrochemicals complex 11. Synthetic resins, plastics and man-made fibers, paper and paperboard, paper pulping, plastic products, textiles (except apparel),printing and publishing, paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable ghee projects, with total cost more than Rs. 10 million 12. Tanning and leather finishing projects 13. Battery manufacturing plant D. Manufacturing and D. Mining and Mineral Processing Processing 1. Ceramics and glass 1. Mining and processing units less than 500 of coal, gold, copper, million sulfur and precious 2. Food processing stones industries with total 2. Mining and processing cost less than Rs. 200 of major non-ferrous millions metals, iron and steel rolling 3. Smelting plants (total cost of Rs. 100 M and above) E. Transport 1. Airports 2. Federal or Provincial highways or major roads (including rehabilitation or rebuilding or reconstruction of existing roads) 3. Ports and harbor development 4. Railway works 5. Flyovers, underpasses and bridges having total length of more than 500 m F. Water Management, Dams, Irrigation and Flood Protection 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of 25 million cubic meters and above having surface area of 4 square kilometers and above 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 15,000 hectares and above 3. Flood Protection G. Water Supply and Filtration 1. Large Water supply schemes and filtration plants. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act, 2014 77 12. Strategic environmental assessment: 1. Government may ask to carry out strategic environmental assessment, of all or any of the plan or policy given below: i. Socio-economic development, industrial and agricultural development, urban and rural development; ii. Land use and water use management; iii. The exploitation of natural resources; iv. Economic zones or industrial parks and estates; v. Transport and infrastructure; vi. Solid, municipal and industrial waste; vii. Tourism; viii. Any other plan or policy likely to have an adverse impact on environment; ix. Prevention of water pollution through improper sanitation and control flow of sanitation water into the rivers; and x. Separate zones shall be specified for poultry and cattle farming and slaughtering houses. 2. All Government Agencies, Local Councils and Local Authorities and Departments may be asked to conduct and formulate the strategic environmental assessment statement and shall submit it to the Agency which may contain-- i. Objectives, scale and environmental characteristics; ii. Description of the natural, socio-economic and environmental conditions; and iii. Assessment of possible environmental impact likely to be caused during implementation. 3. The Agency shall, within 120 days of the filing of a strategic environmental assessment screening statement, complete in all respects--- i. Circulate the strategic environmental assessment report and conduct a public hearing of the strategic environmental assessment report; ii. Review any comments received from the circulation and public hearing carried out under clause (i); and iii. Advise the Government Agency, Local Council or Local Authority concerned to include such measures and take such steps, as it deems necessary, to modify the policy or development plan according to environmental objectives and thereafter the policy or development plan shall stand so modified. 4. The provisions of sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) shall apply to such categories of plans and policies and in such manner as may be prescribed. 5. The Agency shall maintain separate registers for strategic environmental assessment reports, which shall contain brief particulars of each policy and development plan and a summary of decisions taken thereon and which shall be open to inspection for the public at 77 The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act, 2014 all reasonable hours and the disclosure of information in such registers shall be subject to the provisions of this Act. 13. Initial environmental examination and environmental impact assessment. 1. No proponent of a project shall commence construction and operation unless he has filed with the Agency an initial environmental examination or where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment, and has obtained from the Agency, environmental approval in respect thereof. 2. The Agency shall a) Review the initial environmental examination and accord its approval or require submission of an environmental impact assessment by the proponent; or b) Review the environmental impact assessment and accord its approval subject to such conditions as it may deem fit to impose, require that the environmental impact assessment be re-submitted after such modifications as may be stipulated, or reject the project as being contrary to environmental objectives. 3. Every review of an environmental impact assessment shall be carried out with public participation and no information will be disclosed during the course of such public participation which relates to a) Trade, manufacturing or business activities, processes or techniques of a proprietary nature, or financial, commercial, scientific or technical matters which the proponent has requested should remain confidential, unless for reasons to be recorded in writing, the Director-General of the Agency is of the opinion that the request for confidentiality is not well-founded or the public interest in the disclosure outweighs the possible prejudice to the competitive position of the project or its proponent; or b) International relations, national security or maintenance of law and order, except with the consent of Government; or c) Matters covered by legal professional privilege. 4. The Agency shall communicate its approval or otherwise within a period of four months from the date of the initial environmental examination or environmental impact assessment is filed complete in all respects in accordance with the prescribed procedure, failing which the initial environmental examination or, as the case may be, the environmental impact assessment shall be deemed to have been approved, to the extent to which it does not contravene the provisions of this Act and the rules, provided that delay is not on part of the proponent for the provision of additional information asked for during the review process or conductance of public hearing of the project. 5. Subject to sub-section (4), Government may in a particular case extend the aforementioned period of four months if the nature of the project so warrants. 6. The provisions of sub-sections (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) shall apply to such categories of projects and in such manner as may be prescribed. 7. The projects or any activity of a proponent not covered under sub-section (6), specified in guidelines shall obtain a general environmental approval in a manner prescribed in guidelines in respect thereof. 8. The Agency shall maintain separate Registers for initial environmental examination and environmental impact assessment projects, which shall contain brief particulars of each project and a summary of decisions taken thereon, and which shall be open to inspection by the public at all reasonable hours and the disclosure of information in such Registers shall be subject to the restrictions specified in sub-section (3). The Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 201278 Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) 13: 1) This section regulates the conditions, methods and procedure according to which the assessment of impact of certain plans and programmes on the environment (hereinafter referred to as: strategic assessment) shall be carried out in order to provide for the environmental protection and improvement of sustainable development through integration of basic principles of environmental protection into the procedure of preparation and adoption of plans and programmes. 2) The Government at all levels of administration and in every sector shall incorporate environmental considerations into policies, plans, programmes and strategies. Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment 15: 1) No proponent of a project of public and private sector shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed an Initial Environmental Examination with the Government Agency designated by Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency, as the case may be, or, where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effects an environmental impact assessment, and has obtained from the Government Agency approval in respect thereof. 2) The Government Agency shall subject to standards fixed by the Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency: a. Review the initial environmental examination and accord its approval, or require submission of an environmental impact assessment by the proponent; or review the environmental impact assessment and accord its approval subject to such conditions as it may deem fit to impose, require that the environmental b. Impact assessment be re-submitted after such modifications as may be stipulated or reject the project as being contrary to environmental objectives. 3) Every review of an environmental impact assessment shall be carried out a. with public participation and no information will be disclosed during the course of such public participation which relates to: i. Trade, manufacturing or business activities, processes or techniques of a proprietary nature, or financial, commercial, scientific or technical matters which the proponent has requested should remain confidential, unless for reasons to be recorded in writing, the Director General of the Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency is of the opinion that the request for confidentiality is not well-founded or the public interest in the disclosure outweighs the possible prejudice to the competitive position of the project or its proponent; or ii. International relations, national security or maintenance of law and order, except with the consent of the Government of Balochistan; or iii. Matters covered by legal professional privilege. 4) The Government Agency shall communicate its approval or otherwise within a period of four months from the date the initial environmental examination or environmental impact assessment is filed complete in all respects in accordance 78 The Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 2012 with the prescribed procedure, failing which the initial environmental examination or, as the case may be, the environmental impact assessment shall be deemed to have been approved, to the extent to which it does not contravene the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations. 5) Subject to sub-section (4) the appropriate Government may in a particular case extend the aforementioned period of four months if the nature of the project so warrants. 6) The provisions of sub-sections (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) shall apply to such categories of projects and in such manner as may be prescribed. 7) The Government Agency shall maintain separate registers for initial environmental examination and environmental impact assessment projects, which shall contain brief particulars of each project and a summary of decisions taken thereon, and which shall be open to inspection by the public at all reasonable hours and the disclosure of information in such registers shall be subject to the restrictions specified in sub-section (3). 8) No concession areas for any developmental activities shall be awarded to any International/National groups or firms without consultation and concurrence of the Government of Balochistan/Environmental Protection Agency. 9) The prospect licenses for mining, quarrying, crushing etc. shall only be awarded/ granted in compliance with the sub section (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) 10) The cellular companies shall obtain environmental approval from the Balochistan EPA before installing Base Transceivers Station (BTS). 11) BTS Stations should be required to undergo routine evaluation for Compliance. Whenever an application is submitted to the Balochistan EPA for construction or modification of a transmitting facility. EPA shall have the authority to take action if a cellular base station antenna does not comply with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines and recommendations of the report titled `Environmental and Health Related Effects of the Cellular Base Station Antennas' carried out by IT and Telecom Division, Ministry of Information Technology. 12) No person or company related to public and private sector shall commence construction or operation unless the concerned building authority accord approval under the provisions of the in vogue Building Code. 13) After fulfilling the sub section (12) an action plan shall be submitted to the concerned municipal/town/union council to carry out the activities for a specific time period as to provide the general public or road users an alternative corridor. 14) The waste generated during the construction or maintenance or repair of any building shall be appropriately disposed of or transported or collected to a designated place allocated for the purpose like any land fill site to avoid public nuisance. 15) The construction or repair activities especially in the main city area shall be carried out in a manner to minimize the road congestion or blockage. 16) The proponent of the project shall remit fifty thousand rupees as review fee of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and one hundred thousand as review fee for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). 17) The person or company in public or private sector intend to commence any scheme or project do not falling under schedule I and II of this Act shall remit twenty five thousand rupees as an Environmental approval fee to the Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency. Annexure 5: List of Banned Pesticides Pesticides Banned in Pakistan The following pesticides are de-registered and their import is banned in Pakistan79. 1. Binapacryl 2. Bromophos ethyl 3. Captafol 4. Chordimeform 5. Chlorobenzilate 6. Chlorthiophos 7. Cyhexatin 8. Dalapon 9. DDT 10. Dibromochloropropane + Dibromochloropropene 11. Dicrotophos 12. Dieldrin 13. Disulfoton 14. Endrin 15. Ethyene dichloride + Carbontetrachloride (EDCT) 16. Leptophos 17. Mercury Compound 18. Mevinphos 19. Propergite 20. Toxaphene 21. Zineb Internationally Banned Pesticides: Following is the list of internationally banned pesticides80. 1 Acephate 2 Acrolein 3 Alachlor 4 Aldicarb 5 Alpha-BHC; Alpha-HCH 6 Alpha-chlorohydrin 7 Amitraz 8 Anthracene oil 9 Arsen and its compounds (see annex 1) 10 Atrazine 11 Azafenidin 12 Azinphos-ethyl 13 Azinphos-methyl 79 1994 Pesticides and Environment Situation in Pakistan; by Abdul Jabbar and Seeme Mallick; Working Paper Series # 19 80 2015 LIST OF BANNED PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDES WATCHLIST Version 1.0; www.utz.org/resource-library.org 14 Benomyl 15 Beta-cyfluthrin; Cyfluthrin 16 Beta-HCH; Beta-BCH 17 Blasticidin-S 18 Borax; disodium tetraborate decahydrate (only if used as pesticide) 19 Boric acid (only if used as pesticide) 20 Brodifacoum 21 Bromadiolone 22 Bromethalin 23 Bromoxynil butyrate 24 Butoxycarboxim 25 Cadusafos 26 Captafol 27 Carbaryl 28 Carbofuran 29 Carbosulfan 30 Chlordane 31 Chlorethoxyphos 32 Chlorfenapyr 33 Chlorfenvinphos 34 Chlormephos 35 Chlorophacinone 36 Chlorotoluron 37 Chlozolinate 38 Coumaphos 39 Coumatetralyl 40 Creosote 41 Cyhalothrin 42 Daminozide 43 DDT 44 Demeton-S-methyl 45 Dichlorvos; DDVP 46 Dicofol 47 Dicrotophos 48 Difenacoum 49 Difethialone 50 Dimethenamid 51 Dimoxystrobin 52 Dinocap 53 Dinoterb 54 Diphacinone 55 Disulfoton 56 DNOC and its salts 57 Edifenphos 58 Endosulfan 59 E-Phosphamidon 60 Epichlorohydrin 61 EPN 62 Ethiofencarb 63 Ethoprophos; Ethoprop 64 Ethylene oxide 65 Ethylene thiourea 66 Famphur 67 Fenamiphos 68 Fenchlorazole-ethyl 69 Fenthion 70 Fentin acetate; Triphenyltin acetate 71 Fentin hydroxide; Triphenyltin hydroxide 72 Fenvalerate 73 Ferbam 74 Flocoumafen 75 Fluazifop-butyl 76 Flucythrinate 77 Flumioxazin 78 Fluoroacetamide 79 Flusilazole 80 Formaldehyde 81 Formetanate 82 Furathiocarb 83 Haloxyfop-R 84 Heptenophos 85 Hexachlorobenzene 86 Hexchlorocyclohexane; BHC mixed isomers 87 Isoxathion 88 Lindane 89 Linuron 90 Maleic hydrazide 91 Mecarbam 92 Mercury and its compounds 93 Methamidophos 94 Methidathion 95 Methiocarb 96 Methomyl 97 Methyl bromide 98 Mevinphos 99 Molinate 100 Monocrotophos 101 Monolinuron 102 Nicotine 103 Nitrobenzene 104 Nonylphenol ethoxylates 105 Omethoate 106 Oxamyl 107 Oxydemeton-methyl 108 Paraffin oils; mineral oils 109 Paraquat dichloride 110 Parathion 111 Parathion-methyl 112 PCP; Pentachlorphenol 113 Pentachlorobenzene 114 Permethrin 115 Phorate 116 Phosalone 117 Phosphamidon 118 Profoxydim 119 Propetamphos 120 Propham 121 Propylene oxide, Oxirane 122 Pyrazophos 123 Pyriminil 124 Quintozene 125 Silafluofen 126 Simazine 127 Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) 128 Strychnine 129 Sulfotep 130 Tebupirimifos 131 Technazene 132 Tefluthrin 133 Tepraloxydim 134 Terbufos 135 Thiodicarb 136 Thiofanox 137 Thiometon 138 Thiourea 139 Thiram in formulations with benomyl and carbofuran 140 Triazamate 141 Triazophos 142 Tributyltin compounds; triorganostannic compounds 143 Trichlorfon 144 Tridemorph 145 Vamidothion 146 Vinclozolin 147 Warfarin 148 Zeta-Cypermethrin 149 Zinc phosphide 150 Zineb 151 Z-Phosphamidon Annexure 6 – Guidelines for the development of E-Waste Management Plan The project couldl procure IT equipments for the countrywide locatios to modernize the connectivity and communication systems. Hence, it is assessed there will be a potential risk associated with the improper disposal of the old and obsolete IT equipments. HEC will implement management measures to ensure the management of hazardous waste that would be generated under the project scope. If necessary, HEC will undertake the following task to prepare the E-Waste Management Plan for the project; a) Conduct the detail scoping exercise under to determine the type, quantity of the IT equipments and risks associated with the E- Waste generated by the these equipments. b) Assess and analyze the type of hazardous waste and its risk to the human health, physical and biological environment and ecosystem services. c) Apply the mitigation hierarchy to the management of e waste during all the phases of the project. Propose appropriate measures to minimize and reduce the risks of waste generated propose safe disposal of the e- waste. d) Review the national laws, regulations, policies, international agreements, conventions, and treaties which implies the E waste management rules and guiding principles for environmental sound safe disposal. e) Develop the E-Waste Management Plan for the IT waste generated under the project according to the Good International Industrial Practices (GIIP) of disposal and WB ESHSG. f) The E-Waste Management Plan will be developed by taking in account the technical input and close consultation with the national Focal Point of Basel Convention based at the Ministry of Climate Change. g) The E-Waste Management plan include the following criteria for third party or vendor information about and/or provided by and pertinent to the third party may need to include:  Information in public records, for example, corporate registers;  Current business licenses, registrations, permits, certificates, and approvals;  Documents relating to their track record pertaining to hazardous waste management systems;  Safety records; and  Copies of relevant previous contracts. Annexure 7 – List of Participants from Stakeholder Consultations – Universities The Consultations were facilitated by the following team members from HEC Sr. Name Designation Email Contact No. Relevant No. Component 1 Mr. Fida Hussain DG (Learning fhussain@hec.gov.pk 051- Component 2 Innovation) 90402100 2 Mr. Abdullah Director (IT) achattha@hec.gov.pk 051- Component Fayyaz Chattha 90402212 2.4, Component 3 3 Ms. Noshaba Director nawais@hec.gov.pk 051- Component 1 Awais (R&D) 90401905 4 Mr. Fawad Raza Dy. Director fawadraza@hec.gov.pk 051- Component (IT) 90402265 2.4, Component 3 5 Mr. Rizwan Consultant rrashid@hec.gov.pk 051- Component 4 Rashid (IT) 90402266 6 Ms. Khushbakht Assistant kejaz@hec.gov.pk 051- Coordination Ejaz Director 90401609 and (A&C) Administrative support Details of participants from Universities are provided in the tables below FEDERAL Name of INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Associate 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dr. Tariq Javed Math & Stat Professor 3005283773 Assistant 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Nyla Jabeen Biological Science Professor 3315446902 Syed Naveed Addl Dir 3 Registrar male Academics 3003065603 Ehtesham (Acad) Addl Dir 4 Treasurer male Mr. Ayaz Ali Financae 3005262680 (Finanace) 5 MS/PHD student Male Basharat Husain Ph.D Scholar Psychology 3465353662 6 MS/PHD student Female Sadaf Anwar scholar Bilogical Science 3315142330 Dr. Medicinal mriaz1786@yahoo.co 7 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Professor Muhammad Riaz Chemistry m Assistant ikram.ullah@iiu.edu.p 8 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dr. Ikram Ullah Biological Science Professor k Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 3 Registrar Male Inam ul Haq Director (Exams) 3335265351 9 Director ORIC/QEC male M. Adnan Khan Director (HR) (HR) 3335000250 Name of Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Assistant 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dr. Tariq Majeed Economics Professor Miss. Robina 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Lecturer Info. Tech. Rashid Dr. Shafiq-ur- 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar office Rehman Mr. Fayyaz Acting 4 Treasurer Male Treasurer Office Muhammad Treasurer Ph.D. (1st 5 MS/PHD student Male Zahir Ahmed History semester) Ph.D. (5th 6 MS/PHD student Female Tazeem Imran History semester) Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Dr. Shafiq-ur- 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar office Rehman Mr. Muhammad 8 Director ORIC Male Director, ORIC ORIC Khawar Rauf Name of COMSATS University Islamabad University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Dr. Majid Iqbal Associate Computer 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Khan Professor Science 0300-5278858 Dr. Muhammad Electrical 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Professor Junaid Mughal Engineering 0300-9855622 Dr. Fahim A. 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office 0321-8415890 Qureshi Senior 4 Senior Manager (IT) Male Aumair Qayyum IT Center 0321-5324442 Manager (IT) Muhammad 5 Treasurer Male Treasurer Treasurer Office 0345-5241556 Azam Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Dr. Fahim A. 1 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office 0321-8415890 Qureshi Senior 2 Senior Manager (IT) Male Aumair Qayyum IT Center 0321-5324442 Manager (IT) Muhammad Raza General 3 Director ORIC Male ORIC 0300-9745574 Khan Manager BALOCHISTAN Balochistan University of Information Name of Technology, Engineering and Management University Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Dr. Noor Assistant Management 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male O3138039294 Muhammad Professor Sciences Dr. Rozeena Associate 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Life Sciences O3333599686 Shaikh Professor 3 Registrar Male Jamal Mustafa Registrar Administration O3003855003 Director 4 Treasurer Male Babar Faiz Finance O3337837902 Finance Management 5 MS/PHD student Male Mr. Abdul Qahir MS Scholar O3168184866 Sciences Management 6 MS/PHD student Male Mr. M. Imran MS Scholar O3438174527 Sciences Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 3 Registrar Male Jamal Mustafa Registrar Administration O3003855003 Dr. M. Naeem 8 Director ORIC Male Director ORIC ORIC O3138744737 Shahwani Name of University of Balochistan, Quetta University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Designation Name Department Contact No. r Dr. Malik 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dean Research Philosophy 3337810963 Tariq Dean Department of Dr. Sobia 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Management Management 3458341307 Ramzan Sciences Sciences Mr. 3 Registrar Male Registrar Muhammad Registrar 3337844448 Tariq Jogazai Mr. Jiand Accounts & 4 Treasurer Male Treasurer Khan 3337806227 Finance Jamaldini Mr. Zahoor 5 MS/PHD student Male student Sociology 3318310605 Ahmed Ms Shazia Pakistan Studies 6 MS/PHD student Female student 3108001793 Jaffar Centre Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Mr. 3 Registrar Male Registrar Mohammad Registrar 3337844448 Tariq Jogazai Dr. Waheed IT &Computer 8 Director ORIC/QEC Male Director ORIC 3337837101 Noor Sciences Deptt. Name of Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, District Lasbela University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Business 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Ali Hassan Lecturer 3218715316 Management Environmental 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Reehana Hassan Lecturer 3158133378 Sciences Dr. Ahmed 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar 3468377356 Nawaz Mr. Kamran 4 Treasurer Male Add Treasurer Finance 3443031595 Saeed 5 MS/PHD student Male Jaffar Iqbal MS student WRM 3248946246 6 MS/PHD student Female Farah MS student Linguistic 3471272781 Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Dr. Ahmed 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar 3468377356 Nawaz 8 Director ORIC Male Dr. Mir Dost Director ORIC 3168898425 KPK Name of The University of Haripur University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Soil & Dr. Ali Raza Associate 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Environmental 0331-5251544 Gurmani Professor Sciences Assistant 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Tehsin Tahir Education 031-8115266 Professor 3 Registrar Male Dr. Shiraz Khan Registrar Registrar Office 0315-5081553 Dr. Muhammad 4 Treasurer Male Treasurer Treasurer Office 0300-5205136 Tariq Khan Muhammad 5 MS/PHD student Male PhD Scholar Horticulture 0345-9683358 Affan Khan Muhammad Islamic & 6 MS/PHD student Female PhD Scholar Kamran Religious Studies Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 3 Registrar Male Dr. Shiraz Khan Registrar Registrar Office 0315-5081553 Dr. Muhammad 8 Director ORIC Male Director ORIC 0300-5233057 Jehangir Name of Women University, Sawabi University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Dr. Surraya Assistant 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Zoology 0334-8742560 Khanum Professor Dr. Afsan Assistant 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Mathematics 0345-5237479 Qayyum Professor Assistant 3 Registrar Male Muhammad Bilal 0333-9412625 Registrar Muhammad Aditional 4 Treasurer Male 0333-9166258 Hussain Tresurer 5 M.Sc Student Female Kainat Bibi M.Sc Student Botany 0335-5099856 BS(VIII)studen 6 BS(VIII)student Female Seema Gul Zoology 0301-8580029 t Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Assistant 3 Registrar Male Muhammad Bilal 0333-9412625 Registrar Prof. Dr. 8 Director ORIC Male Director ORIC 0301-8580029 Ihsanullah Name of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Ms Mamoona 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Female lecturer chemistry 3459150245 Alam Dr Rehna Assistant 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Biochemistry 3331345454 masood Professor Faculty Member/Researcher Female Habiba Lecturer Microbiology 3319922258 Ms Zohra 3 Registrar Female Registrar Registrar's Office 3339545350 Shahzad 4 Treasurer Female Ms Sana Younas Treasurer Treasurery 3009024467 Research 5 MS/PHD student Female Ms. Ruqia Chemistry student Research 6 MS/PHD student Female Ms. Rafia Chemistry student Ms. Laiqa Research 7 MS/PHD student Female Biochemistry Mehreen student Research 8 MS/PHD student Female Ms. Shehzadi Biochemistry student Research 9 MS/PHD student Female Ms. Kulsoom Microbiology student Research 10 MS/PHD student Female Ms. Tabinda Microbiology student Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Ms Zohra 3 Registrar Female Registrar Registrar's Office 3339545350 Shahzad Research 8 Director ORIC Female Sana Jamil Oric 3475876699 Assistant Mahwash Deputy 8 Director QEC Female QEC 3329215857 Asmatullah Director Name of University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Asst. Computer System 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dr. Nasir Ahmad 0334-9234797 Professor Engg Engr. Durr-e- Computer System 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Lab Engineer 0334-9220255 Nayab Engg 3 Registrar Male Dr. Khizar Azam Registrar Establishment 091-9222215 Mr. Nek 4 Treasurer Male Muhammad Treasurer Finance 091-9222216 Khan Engr. Arsalan 5 MS/PHD student Male Researcher Mechanical Engg 0345-9234198 Khan Engr. Ms 6 MS/PHD student Female Researcher Mechanical Engg 0312-9598265 Nosheen Bibi Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 3 Registrar Male Dr. Khizar Azam 091-9222215 Prof. Dr. Abdul 8 Director ORIC/QEC Male 3455646565 Shakoor Name of Hazara University, Mansehra University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dr. Bilal Afsar Asst. Prof. Mgmt. Sc. 0336-1569586 Dr. Sadia 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Asst. Prof. Zoology 0300-9712246 Tabassum Lt. Cdr. (R) Dr. 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office 0300-2355036 Mahmood Khan Mr. Khurram 4 Treasurer Male Treasurer Treasurer Office 0321-9129007 Jamal Mr. Muhammad 5 MS/PHD student Male PhD Scholar Mgmt. Sc. 0313-5551030 Waseem Ms. Mehreen 6 MS/PHD student Female PhD Scholar IT Iftikhar Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Lt. Cdr. (R) Dr. 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office 0300-2355036 Mahmood Khan Prof. Dr. Fida Dean Health 8 Director ORIC/QEC Male Agriculture 0342-9460029 Abbasi Sc. PUNJAB Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Mr. Shehryar Assistant Public 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male 3349081732 Naveed Professor Administration Assistant Computer 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Ms. Qurat ul Ain 3333687471 Professor Science Ms. Farzana Deputy 3 Registrar Female Registrar Office 3009756249 Akhtar Registrar Deputy 4 Treasurer Female Ms. Sadaf Zahid Treasurer Office 3325479689 Treasurer Environmental 5 MS/PHD student Male Sadia Batool PhD Student 333-5239388 Sciences 6 MS/PHD student Female Yasmin Akhtar PhD Student English 3325409583 Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Ms. Farzana Deputy 7 Registrar Female Registrar Office 3009756249 Akhtar Registrar 8 Director ORIC Male Dr. Shoaib Akhtar Director ORIC ORIC 3335985866 Name of Government College University, Faisalabad University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Dr. Babak Associate 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Sociology 0300-8669998 Mahmood Professor Associate 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Salma Sultana Zoology 0300-6627246 Professor Mr. Ghulam 3 Registrar Registrar -- 0333-8960648 Ghous Mr. Muhammad 4 Treasurer Traesurer -- 0333-9933503 Akbar Ali Mr. Touheed Applied 5 MS/PHD student Male PhD 0333-8980801 Asghar Chemistry Applied 6 MS/PHD student Female Ms. Nabeela Ilyas PhD 0301-7008552 Chemistry Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Mr. Ghulam 7 Registrar Registrar -- 0333-8960648 Ghous Dr. Khalid 8 Director ORIC Director ORIC -- 0336-6215848 Mahmood Zia Name of Government College Women University, Faisalabad University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Assistant 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Shahla Qasim English Nill Professor Assistant 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Ms. Iram Waqar Economics Nill Professor Dr. Syeda Samina Assistant 3 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Education Nill Tahira Professor Name of University: Information Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Assistant Humanities & 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dr. Abu Bakar 042-99046038 Professor Social Sciences Chairperson 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr.Izza Aftab Ecnomics Ecnomics 042-99046037 Department 3 Registrar Male Zaheer Sarwar 042-99046002 Manak Sher 4 Treasurer Male 042-99046065 Idrees Tard Abdulla 5 MS/PHD student Male Mahmood 6 MS/PHD student Female Anum Afzal Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 1 Registrar Male Zaheer Sarwar 042-99046064 Dr.Saeed Ul 2 Director ORIC Male 042-99046023 Hassan Name of Lahore College for Women University, Lahore University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Prof.Dr.Shagufta Director 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Research Office 0334-4212129 Naz Research Dr.Abuzar Computer 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Chairperson 0300-4267995 Fahiem Science 3 Registrar Female Ms.Uzma Batool Registrar Registrar Office 0333-4731466 4 Treasurer Male Mr.Abdul Ghaffar Treasurer Treasurer Office 0321-9460159 Ms.Kiran 5 MS/PHD student Female Phd Scholar Zoology 0323-4741843 Shahzad Ms.Mehwish 6 MS/PHD student Female Phd Scholar Biotechnology 0332-4743946 Aftab Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 7 Registrar Female Ms.Uzma Batool Registrar Registrar Office 0333-4731466 Prof.Dr.Farkhand 8 Director ORIC Female Director ORIC ORIC 0333-4583936 a Manzoor Senior Prof.Dr.Zohra Manager 9 Senior Manager Female ORIC 0322-4042222 Kiyani research Operations Name of The Govt. Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Dr. Muhammad Associate 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Mathematics 3213280321 Sadiq Professor Assistant 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Saima Anjum Chemistry 3317550707 Professor Prof. Nasim Acting 3 Registrar Female Regsitrar Office 3336386625 Akhtar Registrar Acting 4 Treasurer Male Mr. Saeed Anwar Treasurer Office 3346078974 Traesurer 5 MS/PHD student Female Zainab Shahzad MS Student Mathematics 3030983322 6 MS/PHD student Female Amiza Tahir MS Student Chemistry 3104613116 Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Prof. Nasim Acting 3 Registrar Female Regsitrar Office 3336386625 Akhtar Registrar Prof. Dr. Faiz-ul- 8 Director ORIC Male Director ORIC Office of ORIC 3336386356 Hassan Nasim Name of The Women University Multan University: Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Assistant 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Sara Musadiq Chemistry 3360791356 Professor Assistant 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Aita Iqbal MMG 3370626401 Professor Prof. Samina 3 Registrar Female Registrar Registrar Office 3366047330 Saleem 4 Treasurer Male Mr. Ejaz Hussain Treasurer Treasurer Office 3065268881 5 MS/PHD student Female Ms. Saira Saeed PhD scholar MMG 3370626401 Ms. Shafaq 6 MS/PHD student Female PhD scholar Chemistry 3166111545 Saleem Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Prof. Samina 1 Registrar Female Registrar - 336647330 Saleem Assistant 2 Director ORIC/QEC Female Dr. Malika Rani Physics 3347180808 Professor Name of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore University: Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Assistant 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Dr. Haroon Akber Parasitology 0301-8133268 Professor Associate Anatomy & 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Hafsa Zaneb 0333-4754737 Professor Histology 3 Administration Male Sajjad Hyder Registrar Registrar's Office 0333-4238716 4 Administration Male Dr. Zubair Farooq Treasurer Treasurer's Office 0333-4357198 5 MS/PHD student Male Dr. Nouman Rauf Nil Parasitology 0308-4091356 6 MS/PHD student Female Dr. Fakhra Nil Pathology 0355-7400919 Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 3 Administration Male Sajjad Hyder Registrar Registrar's Office 0333-4238716 Dr. Muhammad 8 Director ORIC Male Director ORIC 0300-4259671 Imran Rashid Name of THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR University: Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r University College Prof. Dr. Incharge of Engineering & Ph: 062-9255474 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Muhammad Faculty of Technology Cell: 0345-9441-806 Amjad Engineering (UCE&T) Department of Ph: 062-9255538 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr. Jawad Iqbal Chairman Management Cell: 0345-9441-812 Sciences Mr. Shahzad Ali Ph: 062-9250235 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office Gill Cell: 0345-9440-759 Mr. Shahid Accounts Ph: 062-9250245 4 Treasurer Male Treasurer Mahmood Khan Department Cell: 0345-9440-636 Dr. Saeed Ahmad Directorate of Ph: 062-9250237 5 Director (QEC) Male Director (QEC) Buzdar QEC Cell: 0300-8682973 Directorate of Mr. Zulfiqar Ph: 062-9255483 6 Director (IT) Male Director (IT) Information Saeed Cell: 0345-9440-953 Technology (IT) Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Mr. Shahzad Ali Ph: 062-9250235 7 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office Gill Cell: 0345-9440-759 Directorate of Prof. Dr. Research, Ph: 062-9250340 Director 8 Director ORIC Male Muhammad Innovation & Cell: 0345-9440-655 (ORIC) Ashraf Commercializatio 0301-7736-059 n (ORIC) Name of UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB, LAHORE University: Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Director, Institute of Prof. Dr. Nasira Institute of 1 Senior Faculty Member Female Administrative 0300-8417359 Jabeen Administrativ Sciences e Sciences Prof. Dr. Dean, Faculty Hailey College of 2 Senior Faculty Member Male Mubbsher of Commerce Banking & 0323-5665534 Munawar Khan & Principal Finance Dr. Muhammad Office of the 3 Registrar Male Registrar 0315-8333800 Khalid Khan Registrar Rao Muhammad Office of the 4 Treasurer Male Treasurer 0333-4652073 Tahire Rafique Treasurer Institute of Syed Shoaib Scholar PhD 5 MS/PHD student Male Administrative 0321-4037690 Zubair Management Sciences Student, Master of Institute of Ms. Amna 6 MS/PHD student Female Public Administrative 0322-4954690 Siddique Administratio Sciences n (MPA) Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Dr. Muhammad Office of the 1 Registrar Male Registrar 0315-8333800 Khalid Khan Registrar Institute of Syed Shoaib Scholar PhD 2 Director ORIC/QEC Male Administrative 0321-4037690 Zubair Management Sciences Name of University of Agriculture Faisalabad University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Male/ Department of 1. Faculty Member/Researcher Dr. Sana Sehar, Lecturer, Resource 0334-6969741 Female Economics Institute of Soil & Assistant 2. Faculty member/Researcher Female Dr. Irshad Bibi, Environmental 0333-6597761 Professor Sciences Mr. Tariq Deputy 3. Registrar Mahmud Gill Registrar Admn. 0321-7611837 (rep.of Registrar) (Admn.) Mr. Muhammad 4. Treasurer Treasurer Treasurer Office 0333-4794059 Tariq Saeed, Institure of Soil PhD, Students Mr. Muhammad and 5. MS/PHD Student Male Reg.No.11-ag- 0321-9666952 Awais Environmental 3338 Sciences Institure of Soil PhD, Students Miss Ayesha A- and 6. MS/PHD Student Female Reg.No.15-ag- 0323-5310167 Waris Environmental 0007 Sciences Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Mr. Tariq Deputy 7. Registrar Mahmud Gill Registrar Admn. 0321-7611837 (Rep.of Registrar) (Admn.) Office of Research Prof. Dr. Zahir 8. Director ORIC Director Innovation and 0300-7664951 Ahmad Zahir, Commercializatio n (ORIC) SINDH Name of IBA SUKKUR University Workshop Gende Day 1: April Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r 10, 2019 Prof. Dr. Abdul Computer 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Rehman Professor 3336662428 Science Soomrani Dr. Sher 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Muhammad Director, QEC QEC 3312791151 Daudpota 3 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Dr Zarqa Bano Assistant Prof. Mathematics 3333663579 Engr. Zahid 4 Registrar Male Registrar Administration 3009312114 Hussain Khand Mr. Feroze Ali 5 Treasurer Male Treasure Finance 3313060105 Mahar Business 6 MS/PHD student Male Mr. Jahanzeb PhD Student 3139040039 Administration Ms. Noreen Computer 7 MS/PHD student Female MS Student 3363618193 Fatima Science Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Engr. Zahid 3 Registrar Male Registrar Administration 3009312114 Hussain Khand Prof. Dr Pervaiz 8 Director ORIC Male Director, ORIC ORIC 3337192266 Ahmed Memon Name of NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi University Workshop Gende Day 1: April Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r 10, 2019 Dr. Zahoor ul Associate Chemical Sr. Faculty Member/Researcher Male 0333-2391166 Hussain Awan Professor Engineering Dr. Suneela Assistant 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Architecture 0300-2209581 Ahmed Professor Mr. Ghazanfar 2 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office 0321-2393354 Hussain Mr. Muhammad Director Directorate of 3 Treasurer Male 0300-2020247 Sajeeruddin Finance Finance Assistant Automotive & Mr. Munir 4 MS/PHD student Male Professor / Marine 0322-8239492 Ahmed Ph.D. Scholar Engineering Computer & Assistant Ms. Urooj Information 5 MS/PHD student Female Professor / 0300-2344670 Ainuddin Systems Ph.D. Scholar Engineering Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Mr. Ghazanfar 3 Registrar Male Registrar Registrar Office 0321-2393354 Hussain Dr. Syed 8 Director ORIC Male Mehmood Director ORIC Office of ORIC 0300-2131121 Hassan Name of Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Sindh Pak University Workshop Day 1: April 10, 2019 Gende Sr. Nomination Name Designation Department Contact No. r Ghotki Campus of Prof. Dr Shah Abdul Latif 1 Faculty Member/Researcher Male Maqsood Zia Director 3009050999 University Shah Khairpur 2 Faculty Member/Researcher Female Shah Abdul Latif Prof. Dr. Asad 3 Registrar Registrar University 3368629257 Raza Abdi Khairpur Finance Wing of Mr. Maqsood Shah Abdul Latif 4 Treasurer Bursar 3009318464 Ahmed Memon University Khairpur Economics of Mr. Barkatullah 5 MS/PHD student Male PhD Student Shah Abdul Latif 3009318697 Qureshi University Economics of 6 MS/PHD student Female Ms Yasmeen Ruk PhD Student Shah Abdul Latif University Workshop Day 2: April 11, 2019 Shah Abdul Latif Prof. Dr. Asad 3 Registrar Male Registrar University 3368629257 Raza Abdi Khairpur Shah Abdul Latif Prof Dr. Ghulam 8 Director ORIC Male Director ORIC University 3003125046 Abbas Shar Khairpur Annexure 8 – List of Participants from Stakeholder Consultations – Affiliated Colleges and Provincial Higher Education Departments The Consultations were facilitated by the following team members from HEC Sr. Name Designation Email Contact No. Relevant No. Component 1 Mr. Fida Hussain DG (Learning fhussain@hec.gov.pk 051- Component 2 Innovation) 90402100 2 Mr. Abdullah Director (IT) achattha@hec.gov.pk 051- Component Fayyaz Chattha 90402212 2.4, Component 3 3 Ms. Noshaba Director nawais@hec.gov.pk 051- Component 1 Awais (R&D) 90401905 4 Mr. Fawad Raza Dy. Director fawadraza@hec.gov.pk 051- Component (IT) 90402265 2.4, Component 3 5 Mr. Rizwan Consultant rrashid@hec.gov.pk 051- Component 4 Rashid (IT) 90402266 6 Ms. Khushbakht Assistant kejaz@hec.gov.pk 051- Coordination Ejaz Director 90401609 and (A&C) Administrative support The participants from Affiliated Colleges and Provincial Higher Education Departments are given in the table below: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Workshop Day: April 11, 2019 Higher Education Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sr. Nomination Gender Name Designation Department Contact No. Directorate of Additional Higher 1 Officer # 1 Male Muhammad Roz Khan Director 0315-6758899 Education Academics Peshawar Directorate of Higher 2 Officer # 2 Female Seema Rehman BS Coordinator 0336-9092889 Education Peshawar Name of College Govt. Degree College Hayatabad (1) for Men Sr. Nomination Gender Name Designation Department Contact No. Principal/Vice 3 Male Abdul Jabbar Professor Botany 0333-9103767 Principal Assistant 4 Faculty Member Male Nasir Noor Statistics 0336-9459189 Professor Associate 5 Faculty Member Male Dr. Sarir Ud Din Physics 0333-5340406 Professor Muhammad Umeed BS Student (6th 6 BS Student Male Physics Khan Semester) BS Student (3rd 7 BS Student Male Manzoor Ali Economics 0317-9744031 Semester) Name of College Govt. Superior Science College Peshawar (2) for Men Sr. Nomination Gender Name Designation Department Contact No. Principal/Vice 8 Male Nasrullah Khan Prof/Principal 0333-0323737 Principal Computer 9 Faculty Member Male Abdul Saboor Chair QAC 0300-5878650 Science 10 Faculty Member Male Atiq Ullah Jan BS Coordinator Mathematics 0331-5578780 BS Student (8th Computer 11 BA/MA Student Male Shayan Ali Kiyani 0315-7808074 Semester) Science BS Student (8th 12 BSc/MSc Student Male Muhammad Ikram Pakistan Studies 0314-9052533 Semester) Name of College Govt. Frontier College for Women Peshawar (1) for Women Sr. Nomination Gender Name Designation Department Contact No. Principal/Vice Associate 13 Female Roshan Zuhra Urdu 0345-9187091 Principal Professor Home 14 Faculty Member Female Shahida Gillani Professor 0300-5975897 Economics Associate 15 Faculty Member Female Humaira Naz English 0334-5021443 Professor BS Student (8th 16 BA/MA Student Female Salma Ayaz Semester) BS Student (8th 17 BSc/MSc Student Female Ruhi Khan Semester) Name of College Govt. Girls City College Gulbahar Peshawar (2) for Women Sr. Nomination Gender Name Designation Department Contact No. Principal/Vice 19 Female Shaheen Umar Principal Urdu 0335-0920036 Principal Assistant 20 Faculty Member Female Mehwish Zoology Professor 21 Faculty Member Female Haleema Lecturer Zoology BS Student (8th 22 BA/MA Student Female Hanfa English Semester) 23 BSc/MSc Student Female Sana BS Student English Punjab Workshop Day: April 11, 2019 Higher Education Department of "Punjab" Queen Mary College, Lahore. Sr. Nomination Gender Name Designation Department Contact No. 1 Principal/Vice Principal Female Dr. Irfana Mariam Professor HED, Punjab 3334399613 2 Faculty Member Female Ms. Shabana Saif Associate Prof English 3349938271 3 Faculty Member Female Madiha Qayyum Lecturer Psychology 3474757671 4 Faculty Member Female Ayesha Sajid Lecturer Pol. Science 3344989890 5 MA Student Female Alina Ashraf Pol. Science 4236317078 6 MSc Student Female Samiya Rehab Psychology 4236317078 Balochistan