59892 V2 Annex 1 A list of plant species recorded in 3 Nature reserves in TSHPP area Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC I. PSILOTOPHYTA 1. PSILOTACEAE 1 Psilotum nudum (L.) Griseb. x x x II. LYCOPODIOPHYTA 1. LYCOPODIACEAE 1 Huperzia carinata (Poir.) Trevis. x x 2 Huperzia subdisticha Mak. x x x 3 Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring x x x 4 Lycopodium cernuum Linn x x x 5 Lycopodium clavatum L. x x x 2. SELAGINELLACEAE 6 Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston x x 7 Selaginella dolichoclada Alst. x 8 Selaginella nipponica Franch. & Sav. x 9 Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring x x x 10 Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring x 11 Selaginella wallichii (Wall. Ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring x III. EQUISETOPHYTA 1. EQUISETACEAE 12 Equisetum diffusum D.Don x x x 13 Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. x x x IV. POLYPODIOPHYTA 1. ADIANTACEAE 14 Adiantum cappinus-veneris L. x x 15 Adiantum caudatum L. x x x 16 Adiantum flabellulatum L. x 17 Adiantum induratum Chr. x 18 Adiantum philippense L. x 19 Antrophyum annamensis Chr. & Tard. x 20 Antrophyum coriaceum (D. Don) Wall. x 21 Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm.f.) Sw. x x 22 Coniogramma macrophylla (Blume) Hieron. x 23 Pteridium aquilinum (Linn) Kuhl x 129 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 24 Vittaria amboinensis Fee. x 25 Vittaria elongata Sw. x 26 Vittaria flexuosa Féc x 2. ASPLENIACEAE 27 Asplenium colaniae Tard.-Blot x x 28 Asplenium ensiforme Wall. x 29 Asplenium exiguum Bedd. x 30 Asplenium griffithianum Hook. x 31 Asplenium lacciniatum D. Don x 32 Asplenium nidus L. x x 33 Asplenium nitidum Sw. x 34 Asplenium normale D.Don x 35 Blechnum orientale L. x 36 Bolbitis cadieri (C. Chr.) Ching x 37 Bsplenium semicordata (Bac.) Ching x 38 Christella molliuscula (Kuhn) Iwats x 39 Christella parasitica (L.) Lev. x 40 Diplazium conterminum Chr. x 41 Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. x 42 Polystichum deltodon (Bak.) Ching x 43 Tectaria polymorpha (Hook.) Copel. x 44 Tectaria quinquephida (Bak.) Ching x 45 Neottopteris nidus (Linn) J. Sm. x 3. ATHYRIACEAE x 46 Callipteris eseulenta (Retz.) J. Sm. x 47 Diplazium lanceum (Thumb.) Bedd x 4. BLECHNACEAE 48 Blechnum orientale L. x x 49 Woodwardia javanica (Blume) Sm. x 50 Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino.) Nakai x 5. CYATHEACEAE 51 Cyathea contaminans (Wall.) Cop x x x 52 Cyathea podophylla Cop x 53 Cibotium barometze (L.) J. E. Sm. x 6. DAVALLIACEAE 54 Davallia formosana Blume x x 130 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 55 Davallia repens (L.f.) Kuhn x 56 Nephrolepis cordifolia (Linn) Presl x 7. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE 57 Microlepia marginata (Houtt.) C. Chr. x 58 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn x 8. DICKSONIACEAE 59 Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Smith x x x 9. DIPTERIDACEAE 60 Dipteris chinensis (Kaulf.) Reinw. x x 10. GLEICHENLACEAE 61 Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f) Underw. x x x 62 Gleichenia truncata (Willd) Spring x 11. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 63 Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel. x x 64 Microgonium becearianum x x 12. MARATTIACEAE 65 Angiopteris cochinchinensis Vriese x x 66 Angiopteris crassipes Wall. x x 67 Angiopteris polytheca Tard. et Chr. x 13. OSMUNDACEAE 68 Osmunda vachelii Hook. x x x 14. POLYPODIACEAE 69 Aglaomorpha coronans (Wall. ex Mett.) Copel. x x x 70 Drynaria bonii (Kze) J. Sm. x x x 71 Drynaria fortunei (O. Kuntze ex Mett.) J. Smith x x 72 Pseudodrynaria coronans (Wall. et Mett) Ching x x 15. PTERIDACEAE 73 Pteris cadieri Christ x x x 74 Pteris ensiformis Burm.f. x x x 75 Pteris grevilleana Wall. x 76 Pteris vittata L. x x x 16. SCHIZEACEAE 77 Lygodium conforme C.Cher x x x 78 Lygodium digitatum Presl x x x 79 Lygodium polystachyum Wall. ex Moore x x 80 Lygodium scandens Sw. x x 131 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 17. THELYPTERIDACEAE 81 Thelypteris sp. x x V. PINOPHYTA 1. CUPRESSACEAE 82 Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz x 83 Cunninghamia knonishii Hayata x 84 Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry et Thomas x x x 2. CYCADACEAE 85 Cycas balansae Warb. x x x 86 Cycas pectinata Griff. x x x 3. GNETACEAE 87 Gnetum latifolium Bl. var. blumei Mgf x x 88 Gnetum montanum Mgf x x 4. PINACEAE 89 Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. x x 90 Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang x x 91 Pinus massoniana D.Don x x x 92 Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese x x x 5. PODOCARPACEAE 93 Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. et Hook. x x 94 Dacycarpus imbrricatus (Bl.) De Laub. x x 95 Nageia fleuryi (Hiekel) de Laub x x x 96 Podocarpus macrophyllus D.Don var. maki Endl x x 97 Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don x x x 98 Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw. x x 6. TAXACEAE 99 Amentotaxus yunnanensis H.L.Li x x VI. MAGNOLIOPHYTA A. MAGNOLIOPSIDA 1. ACANTHACEAE 100 Dicliptera chinensis Ness x x 101 Justicia gendarussa L. x 102 Justicia poilanei Benn. x x 103 Justicia vagabunda R.Ben. x x x 104 Justica ventricosa Wall. x x 105 Rungia parviflora Nees x 132 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 106 Strobilanthes acrocephalus T. Anders x x 107 Strobilanthes brunnescens R. Ben x x 108 Strobilanthes cusia (Ness) Kuntze x x 109 Strobilanthes multangurus R. Ben x x 110 Thumbergia eberhardtii Benoist x x 2. ACERACEAE 111 Acer flabellatum Kend x 112 Acer tonkinensis H. Lec. x 113 Acer wilsonii Rehd. x 3. ACTINIDIACEAE 114 Actinidia coriacea (Fin et Gapnep) Dunn x x x 115 Saurauia griffithii Dryer var. annamica Gagnep. x x x 116 Saurauia tristylla DC. x x x 4. ALANGIACEAE 117 Alangium chinense (Lour.) Rehd. x x x 118 Alangium kurzii Craib x x x 5. ALTINGIACEAE 119 Liquidambar formosana Hance x x x 6. AMARANTHACEAE 120 Achyrathes aspera L. x x x 121 Achyrathes bidentata var. longifolia Makino x x 122 Altemanthera sessils R. Br. x x 123 Amaranthus caudatus L. x x x 124 Amaranthus lividus L. x x x 125 Amaranthus spinosus L. x x x 126 Amaranthus tricolor L. x 127 Celosia argentea L. x x x 128 Celosia cristata Miq x 129 Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume x x 130 Gomphrena globosa L. x 131 Psilotrichum ferrugineum (Roxb.) Miq. x x 7. ANACARDIACEAE 132 Allospondias lakonensis Pierre x x x 133 Buchanania latifolia Roxb. x x 134 Buchanania lucida x 135 Choerospondias axillaris Burtt. et Hill x x x 133 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 136 Dracontonmelum duperreanum Pierre x x x 137 Mangifera foctida Lour. x x x 138 Mangifera indica L. x x x 139 Rhus chinensis Muell. x x x 140 Rhus rhetsoides Craib. x x x 141 Rhus succedanea L. x x x 142 Semecarpus annamensis Tard. x 143 Semecarpus anacardiopsis Evr. et Tard. x 144 Semecarpus perniciosa Evr. et Tard. x 145 Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Moladenke x x x 8. ANCISTROCLADACEAE 146 Ancistrocladus cochinchinensis Gagnep. x x 147 Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour.) Merrill x x x 9. ANNONACEAE 148 Alphonsea boniana Fin. et Gagnep. x x x 149 Alphonsea tonkinensis DC. x x x 150 Annona squamosa L. x x x 151 Artabotrys hongkongensis x x 152 Dasymaschalon macrocalyx Fin. & Gagn. x x 153 Dasymaschalon rostratum Merr. & Chun x 154 Desmos chinensis Lour. x x x 155 Desmos cochinchinensis Lour. x x x 156 Desmos dumosus Safford x 157 Fissistigma bicolor (Roxb.) Merr. x 158 Fissistigma capitaum ex Li x 159 Fissistigma latifolium (Dun.) Merr. x 160 Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. x x 161 Goniothalamus vietnamensis Ban x 162 Goniothalamus yunnanensis Wang x 163 Polyalthia cerasoides Genth et Hook x x 164 Polyanthia corticosa (Pierre)Fin. et Gagnep. x x 165 Polyalthia thorelii (Pierre) Din. & Gagnep. x x 166 Polyanthia macrocalyx x 167 Popowia pisocarpa (Blume) Engl. x 168 Uvaria boniana Finet et Gagnep. x x 169 Uvaria hirsuta Jack. x x 134 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 170 Uvaria macrophylla Roxb. x x 171 Uvaria micrantha (A. DC.) Hook. f. x x 172 Uvaria microcarpa Champ. ex Benth. x x 173 Xylopia Sp. x 174 Xylopia vielana Pierre x x 10. APOCYNACEAE 175 Alstonia mairei Le'vl. x x 176 Alstonia scholaris R.Br. x x x 177 Kibatalia macrophylla (Pitard) Woodson x x x 178 Melodinus annamensis Pitard x 179 Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. x 180 Paravallaris macrophylla Pierre x x x 181 Rauvolfia verticillata Lour. Baill. x x x 182 Strophanthus caudatus (Brum.) Kurz x x x 183 Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour.) Hook. et Arn. x x 184 Tabernaemontana bovina Lour. x 185 Tabernaemontana bufalina Lour. x x 186 Tabernaemontana luensis Pierre x 187 Wrightia annamensis Eberh. x x x 188 Wrightia laevis Hook.f. x x 189 Wrightia pubescens R.Br. x x x 11. AQUIFOLIACEAE 190 Ilex crenata Thumb. x x 191 Ilex eugenifolia Pierre x x 192 Ilex cinerea Champ x x 193 Ilex rotunda Thumb. x x x 12. ARALIACEAE 194 Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) x x x 195 Aralia armata (Wall. ex. G. Don) Seem. var. armata x x x 196 Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Blume) Regd. x x x 197 Heteropanax fragrans Hem x x 198 Schefflera alpina Grushv. et N. Skvorts. x x 199 Schefflera elliptica (Blume) Harms x x x 200 Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin x x x 201 Schefflera lencantha R. Vig. x x x 202 Schefflera pes-avis R. Vig. x x x 135 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 203 Trevesia palmata (Roxb.) Vig. x x x 13. ASCLEPIADACEAE 204 Dischidia acuminata Cost. x x x 205 Hoya multiflora Blume x x 206 Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f. x x x 14. ASTERACEAE 207 Adensostemma lavenia (L.) Kunzt x x x 208 Adensostemma macrophyllum (Blume) DC. x x x 209 Ageratum conyzoides L. x x x 210 Artemisia carvillora Wall. x x x 211 Artemisia japonica Thunb. x x x 212 Bidens pillosa L. x x x 213 Blumea balsamifera (Linn.) DC. x x x 214 Chromolaena odorata (L.) King et Robinson x x x 215 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq x x 216 Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.)Moore x 217 Erechtites valerianaefolia (Wolf.) DC. x x 218 Eupatorium adenophorum x 219 Eupatorium odoratum L. x x x 220 Gynura crepidoides Benth. x x 221 Mikamia cordata (Brum.) Robinson x x x 222 Pluchea indica (L.) Less x x x 223 Sphaeranthus africanus L. x x 224 Xanthium strumarium L. x x x 15. BALSAMINACEAE 225 Impatiens claviger Hook.f. x x x 16. BEGONIACEAE 226 Begonia aptera Bl. x x 227 Begonia baviensis Gagnep. x x 228 Begonia bonii Gagn. x x 229 Begonia villifolia var. australis Irmscher x x x 17. BIGNONIACEAE 230 Hernandia brilletti Steenis x x x 231 Markhamia cauda-felina (Hance) Craib x x x 232 Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. x x x 233 Oroxylon indicum Vent x x x 136 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 234 Pauldopia ghorta (G. Don) Steen x x x 235 Radermachera boniana Dop. x 236 Stereospermum colais (Dilllw.) Mabberl x 237 Stereospermum neuranthum Kuzz x 18. BOMBACACEAE 238 Bombax anceps Pierre x x x 239 Bombax ceiba L. x x x 240 Ceiba pentadra (L.) Gaertn. x x x 19. BURSERACEAE 241 Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch x x x 242 Canarium bengalense Roxb. x x x 243 Garuga pinnata Roxb. x 244 Protium serratum (Wall. et Colebr) Engl x x x 20. CAESALPINIACEAE 245 Bauhinia acuminata L. x x x 246 Bauhinia alba Hamilt x x 247 Bauhinia lecomtei Gagnep. x x 248 Bauhinia pyrrhochada Drake x 249 Bauhinia variegata L. x x 250 Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. x x x 251 Caesalpinia latisiliqua (Cavan) Hattink x x 252 Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk. x x 253 Caesalpinia minax Hance x x x 254 Caesalpinia pubescens (Desf.) Hattink x x x 255 Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. x 256 Gleditschia australis Hamsl x 257 Gymnocnadus angustifolius (Gagnep.) J.E.Vidal 1 258 Peltophorum dasyrachis (Miq.) Kurz x x 259 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K. Heyne x x x 260 Saraca dives Pierre x x x 261 Senna alata (L.) Roxb. x x x 262 Senna siamea (Lamk.) Irwin & Barneby x x 263 Senna tora (L.) Roxb. x x x 264 Sindora tonkinensis A.Chev.exK.etS.Larsen x 265 Tamarindus indica L. x x x 21.CAPPARACEAE 137 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 266 Capparis micracantha DC. x x 267 Capparis tonkinensis Gagn. x x 268 Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. x x x 269 Stixis scandens Lour. x x x 22. CAPRIFOLIACEAE 270 Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex. Blume x x x 271 Viburnum lutescens Blume x x 272 Viburnum punctatum Buch.-Ham ex D.Don x x x 23. CELASTRACEAE 273 Celastrus annamensis Tardieu x 274 Celastrus tonkinensis Pitard x 275 Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. x x 24. CLUSIACEAE 276 Callophyllum balansae Pitard. x x 277 Callophyllum poilanei Gagnep. x x x 278 Garcinia cambodgiensis Vesque x 279 Garcinia cowa Roxb. x x x 280 Garcinia fagracoides A. Chev. x x x 281 Garcinia multifora Champ x x x 282 Garcinia obolongifolia Benth. et Champ x x x 25. COMBRETACEAE 283 Anogeissus acumilata var. lanceolata Wall ex Clark x x 284 Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Lamk x x 285 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. x x 286 Terminalia catappa L. x x x 287 Terminalia myriocarpa Heurck et Muell. Arg x x 26. CONNARACEAE 288 Cnestis papala (Lour.) Merr. x x x 289 Connarus paniculata Roxb. x x x 290 Rourea minor spp. microphylla (Hook. & Arn.) J.E. Vidal. x x 27. CUCURBITACEAE 291 Gymnopetalum cochichinensis Kurz x x x 292 Hodgsonia macrocarapa Cogn x x x 293 Trichosanthes rubriflos Thorel ex Cayla x x x 294 Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. x x x 295 Zehneria indica (Lour.) Keraudren x x x 138 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 28. CUSCUTACEAE 296 Cuscuta chinensis Lamk. x x 297 Cuscuta japonica choisy x x x 29. DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE 298 Daphniphyllum chartaceum Rosenst. x x 30. DILLENLACEAE 299 Dillenia heterosepala Finet et Gagnep. x x x 300 Dillenia indica L. x x x 301 Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. x x 302 Dillenia scabrella Roxb. x 303 Tetracera scandens (L.) x x x 31. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 304 Dipterocarpus retusus Blume x x x 305 Hopea chinensis () Hand.-Mazz. x x 306 Hopea mollissimia C.Y.Wu x x 307 Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie x x x 308 Vatica diospyroides Sym. x x x 309 Vatica fleuryana x 310 Vatica odorata Symington x x 32. EBENACEAE 311 Diospyros apiculata Hiern. x x x 312 Diospyros cauliflora Blume x x x 313 Diospyros decandra Lour. x x x 314 Diospyros filipendula x x 315 Diospyros mun A. Chev. ex Lecomte x 316 Diospyros petelotii x x 33. ELAEAGNACEAE 317 Elaeagnus bonii II.Lee x x x 34. ELAEOCARPACEAE 318 Elaeocarpus apiculatus Gagnep. x x 319 Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A Gray x x x 320 Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. x x 321 Elaeocarpus laoticus Gagnep. x x 322 Elaeocarpus nitentifolius & Chun x x 323 Elaeocarpus sylvestris Poir x x 35. ERICACEAE 139 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 324 Rhododendron hainanense Merill x x x 325 Rhododendron saxicolum Sleumer x 326 Rhododendron simsii Planch. x x 327 Vaccinium sprengelii (G. Don) Sleum x x 328 Vaccinium tonkinense Dop x x 36. EUPHORBIACEAE 329 Acalypha lanceolata Willd. x x x 330 Acalypha kerrii Craib x x 331 Actephila excelsa var. acuminata Airy-Shaw x 332 Alchornea annamica Gagnep. x x x 333 Achornea rugosa Muell-Arg x 334 Achornea tiliaefolia Muell-Arg x x 335 Aleurites moluccana Willd. x x x 336 Antidesma acidum Retz. x x 337 Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. x x 338 Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. x x x 339 Antidesma velutinum Blume x x x 340 Aporosa dioica (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg. x x x 341 Aprosa mycrocalyx x x x 342 Aporosa planchonania Baill. ex Muell-Arg x x x 343 Aporosa serrata Gagn. x x 344 Aporosa sphaerosperma x x 345 Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. x x x 346 Bischofia javanica Bl. x x x 347 Breynia angustifolia Hook.f. x x x 348 Breynia fleuryi Beille x 349 Breynia fruticosa Hook.f x x x 350 Breynia grandiflora Beille x x x 351 Breynia septata Beille x x x 352 Bridelia balansae Tutch x x 353 Chaetocarpus castanocarpus Thw. x x 354 Claoxylon indicum Hassk x x x 355 Claoxylon longifolium Endl. ex Hassk. x x 356 Cleistanthus myrianthus Kurz x x 357 Cleistanthus pierrei (Gagnep.) Croiz. c 358 Croton arguratus Blume x x x 140 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 359 Croton glandulosus L. x x x 360 Croton roxburghianus Bal. x x 361 Croton tiglium L. x x 362 Croton tonkinensis x x x 363 Croton sp. x 364 Deutzianthus tonkinensis Gagnep. x x 365 Drypetes perreticulata Gagnep. x x 366 Endospermum chinensis Benth. x x 367 Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. x x 368 Flueggea spirei Beille x 369 Fluggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Bail x 370 Glochidion arnottianum Muell.-Arg. x x 371 Glochidion eriocarpum Champ. x x 372 Glochidion glomerulatum (Miq.) Boerl. 373 Glochidion hirsutum Muell-Arg x 374 Glochidion lanceolarium (Roxb.) Voight. x x 375 Glochidion obliquum Decne. x x 376 Homonoia riparia Lour. x x 377 Jatropha curcas L. x x x 378 Macaranga andamanica Kurzz. x x x 379 Macaranga auriculata (Merr.) Airg-Shaw x x x 380 Macaranga balansae Gagnep. x x 381 Macaranga denticulata Muell-Arg x x x 382 Macaranga henryi (Pax et Hoffm) Rehder x x x 383 Mallotus apelta Muell-Arg x x x 384 Mallotus barbatus Muell-Arg x x x 385 Mallotus cochinchenensis Lour. x x x 386 Mallotus paniculatus (Lamk.) Muell. - Arg. x x x 387 Mallotus peltatus (Geis.) Muell.-Arg. x x 388 Mallotus philippinensis Muell-Arg x x 389 Phyllanthus emblica L. x x x 390 Phyllanthus reticulata Poir x x x 391 Phyllanthus ruber (Lour.) Spreng x x x 392 Sapium baccatum Roxb. x x x 393 Sapium discolor (Champ) Muell-Arg. x x x 394 Sapium sebiferum Roxb. x x x 141 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 395 Suregada multiflora (Juss.) Baill. x x x 396 Vernicia fordii (Hemsl) Airy-Shaw x 397 Vernicia montana Lour. x 37. FABACEAE 398 Crotalaria acicularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth x x 399 Crotalaria alata Hans x 400 Crotalaria chinensis L. x x 401 Crotalaria ferruginea Grah. ex Benth. x x 402 Crotalaria mucronata Desv. x x 403 Dalbergia assamica Benth. x x x 404 Dalbergia tonkinensis Pierre x 405 Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. x x 406 Derris elliptica Benth. x x x 407 Derris trifolia Lour. x x x 408 Desmodium caudatum (Thunb. ex Murr.) DC. x x 409 Desmodium podocarpum DC. x x 410 Erythrina variegata L. x x x 411 Flemingia grahamiana Wight et Arn. x x x 412 Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain. x x x 413 Indigofera tinctoria L. x x 414 Ormosia balansae Drake x x 415 Ormosia henryi Prain x x 416 Ormosia pinnata (Lour.) x x 417 Ormosia tonkinensis Gagn. x x 418 Pueraria montana (Lour.) x x x 419 Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. x x 38. FAGACEAE 420 Castanopsis annamensis Hance x 421 Castanopsis canathiformis (Hickel et Cam) Rehder et Wils x x x 422 Castanopsis cerebrina Barnet x x 423 Castanopsis chapaensis Luong x x 424 Castanopsis chinensis (Spreng.) Hance x x x 425 Castanopsis crassifolia Hickel et A.Camus x x x 426 Castanopsis indica x x x 427 Castanopsis tonkinensis Seem x x x 428 Lithocarpus ailaonensis A.Camus x x x 142 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 429 Lithocarpus amygdalifolia (Sken) Hayata x x x 430 Lithocarpus annamensis (Hick. et A. Camus) Barn. x 431 Lithocarpus areca (Hick. et A. Camus) Drake x x x 432 Lithocarpus cornea (Lour.) Rehder x x x 433 Lithocarpus cryptocarpus A. Camus x x x 434 Lithocarpus dealbatus (Hook.f.) Rehd. x x x 435 Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus x 436 Lithocarpus laoticus (Hickel et A.Cam) A.Cam x x 437 Quercus chrysocalyx Hickel et A.Camus x x 438 Quercus platycalyx Hickel et A.Camus x x 39. FLACOUTIACEAE 439 Flacourtia rukam Zoll x x 440 Hydnocarpus annamensis H. Lec. x x 441 Hydnocarpus anthemintica Pierre x x x 442 Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merr.) Sleum x x x 443 Hydnocarpus kurzii (King) Warb. x x x 40. GESNERIACEAE 444 Aeschynanthus bracteatus DC. x x 445 Aeschynanthus hosseusii Pell. x x 446 Chirita anachoreta Hance x x 447 Chirita eberhardtii Pell. x x 448 Hemiboea subcapitata C.B. Clarke x x 449 Paraboea chinensis (Oliv.) Stapf. x x 41. HAMAMELIDACEAE 450 Exbuclandia populnea (R.Br.) R.Br. x 451 Exbuclandia tonkinensis (Lecomte) V.Steen x 42. HERNANDIACEAE 452 Illigera celebica Miq. x x x 453 Illigera dunniana Levl. x x x 454 Illigera parviflora Dunn. x x x 43. HIPPOCASTANACEAE 455 Aesculus assamica Griff. x 44. HYDRANGEACEAE 456 Dichroa febrifuga Lour. x x 457 Dichroa hirsuta Gagn. x x 45. HYPERICACEAE 143 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 458 Cratoxylum cochinchinensis (Lour.) Blume x x x 459 Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Dyer x x 460 Cratoxylon prunifolium Dyer x x 46. ICACINACEAE 461 Gomphandra hainanensis Merr. x 462 Gonocaryum maclurei Merr. x x 463 Iodes cirrhosa Turcz x x x 47. ILLICIACEAE 464 Illicia combodianum Hance x x 465 Illicium parviflorum Merr. x x 466 Illicium tsaii A.C Smith x 48. IXONATHACEAE 467 Ixonanthes chinensis Champ x 49. JUGLANDACEAE 468 Anamocarya sinensis (Dode) Leroy x x x 469 Cayra tonkinensis Lee x 470 Engelhardia roxburgiana Wall. x x x 471 Engelhardia spicata Lesch. ex Blume x x x 472 Engelhardia spicata var. integra (Kurz) Manning x x x 473 Pterocarya tonkinensis Dode x x x 50. LAURACEAE 474 Actinodaphne ellipticibacca Kosterm. x x 475 Actinodaphne obovata (Nees) Blume x x 476 Actinodaphne pilosa (Lour.) Merr. x x 477 Beilschmiedia balansae Lecomte x x x 478 Beilschmiedia ferruginea Liou x x x 479 Beilschmiedia laevis Allen x x x 480 Beilschmiedia laotica Kosterm. sec. Phamh. x x 481 Beilschmiedia percoriaceae Allen x x x 482 Carydaphnopsis tonkinensis (H.Lec.) Airy-Shaw x x x 483 Cassytha filiformis Linn x x x 484 Cinnamomum balansae Lec. x x 485 Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet x x 486 Cinnamomum burmanii (Nees) Blume x x 487 Cinnamomum cassia Bl. x 488 Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Drury x x 144 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 489 Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume x x x 490 Cinnamomum longipes (Jonhst.) Kosterm. x x x 491 Cinnamomum loureiri H.Lec. x 492 Cinnamomum polyadelphum (Lour.) Kosterm. x x 493 Cinnamomum tetragonum A. Chev. x x 494 Cinnamomum tonkiensis (Lecomte) A. Chev. x x 495 Cryptocarya chinensis (Hance) Hemsl. x x x 496 Cryptocarya lenticellata H. Lec. x x x 497 Cryptocarya maclurei x x x 498 Lindera racemosa II. Lec. x x 499 Lindera sinensis (Blume) Hmesl. x 500 Lindera tonkinensis Lec. x x 501 Litsea baviensis H. Lec. x x x 502 Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. x x x 503 Litsea ferruginea Liou. x x x 504 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Roxb. x x x 505 Litsea lancilimba Merr. x 506 Litsea monocepala (Roxb.) Pers. x x 507 Litsea verticillata Hallee x x x 508 Machilus grandifolia S.K. Lee et F.N. Wei x x 509 Machilus odoratissima Nees x x 510 Machilus platycarpa Chun. x x 511 Machilus velutina Champ x 512 Neolitsea angustifolia A. Chev. x 513 Neolitsea elaeocarpa Liou. x 514 Phoebe cuneata Blume x x 515 Phoebe lanceolata Nees x x x 516 Phoebe macrocarpa C.Y.Wu x x 517 Phoebe tavoyana (Meisn.) Hook. f. x x x 51. LECYTHIDACEAE 518 Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. x x 519 Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume ex DC. x x 52. LEEACEAE 520 Leea acuminata Wall. x x x 521 Leea bracteata C.B.Clarke x x x 53. LOGANIACEAE 145 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 522 Gelsemium elegans Benth. x x x 523 Strychnos axillaris Coleh. x x 524 Strychnos sp. G.Don x x 54. LORANTHACEAE 525 Dendrophthoe siamensis (Kurz) Dans. x x x 526 Helixanthera parasitica Lour. x x 527 Macrosolen bibracteolatus (Hance) Dans. x x x 528 Taxillus sp. x x x 55. LYTHRACEAE 529 Lagestroemia calyculata Kurz x x 530 Lagestroemia corniculata Gagne. x x 56. MAGNOLIACEAE 531 Magnolia coco DC. x x x 532 Magnolia nana Dandy x x 533 Magnolia sp. x x 534 Manglietia chevaliari Dandy x x x 535 Manglietia conifera Dandy x x x 536 Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy x x 537 Manglietia fordiana (Hemls.) Oliv. x x x 538 Manglietia insignis (Wall.) Blume x x 539 Michelia balansae (A.DC.) Dandy x x x 540 Michelia foveolata Merrill x x x 541 Michelia mediocris Dandy x x x 542 Paramichelia baillonii (Pierre) Hu x x 543 Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun x 57. MALVACEAE 544 Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. x x x 545 Abutilon indicum G.Don x x x 546 Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb. x x x 547 Hibiscus vitifolius L. x x x 548 Kydia calycina Roxb. x x x 549 Sida cordifolia L. x x x 550 Sida rhombifolia L. x x x 551 Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalz. & Gilbs. x x x 552 Urena lobata L. x x x 58. MELASTOMACEAE 146 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 553 Blastus borneensis Cogn. x x 554 Melastoma candidum D.Don x x x 555 Melastoma malabathicum L. x x x 556 Melastoma normale D.Don x x x 557 Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. x x x 558 Melastoma sanguineum Sims x x x 559 Melastoma septemnervium (Lour.) x x x 560 Memecylon acuminatum var. tenuis Guillaum. x x x 561 Memecylon edule Roxb. x x x 562 Memecylon scutellatum (Lour.) Naud. x x x 563 Osbeckia chinensis L. x x x 564 Phyllagathis driessenioides C. Hansen x x x 59. MELIACEAE 565 Aglaia dasyclada (Haw &T.C.Chen) C.Y.Wu x x 566 Aglaia globosus Pierre x x x 567 Aglaia silvestris (M. Roem.) Merr. x x 568 Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain. & Bennet. x x 569 Amoora gigantea Pierre x x x 570 Aphanamixis grandifolia Blum x x x 571 Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.N.Parker x x 572 Chisocheton cochinchinensis Pierre x x 573 Chisocheton paniculatus Hierne x x 574 Chisocheton thorelli Pierre x x 575 Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. x x x 576 Cipadessa baccifera (Roxb.) Miq. x x x 577 Dysoxylum binectariferum (Roxb.) ex Bedd. x x 578 Disoxylum tonkinensis A. Chev. x x x 579 Heynea trijuga Roxb. x x 580 Khaya senegalensis A.Juss. x x x 581 Melia azedarach L. x x x 582 Toona ciliata Roem x x 583 Toona sureni (Blume) Moore x x x 60. MENISPERMACEAE 584 Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. x x 585 Fibraurea recisa Pierre x 586 Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. x 147 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 587 Pericampilus glaucus (Lamk.) Merr. x x 588 Stephania brachyandra Diels x x x 589 Stephania dielsiana C.Y.Wu x x x 590 Stephania hernandiifolia Spreng. x x x 591 Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers. x x x 592 Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) x x 61. MIMOSACEAE 593 Acacia confusa Merr. x x x 594 Acacia pennata Willd. x x x 595 Archidendron balansae (Oliv) I. Niels x x x 596 Archidendron chevalieri (Kost) I. Neils x x x 597 Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I. Niels x x 598 Archidendron lucidum Benth. x x x 599 Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. x x 600 Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk) De Wit x x x 601 Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle x x x 602 Mimosa pudica L. x x x 62. MORACEAE 603 Antiaris toxicaria Leschen x 604 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. x x x 605 Artocarpus masticata Gagnep. x 606 Artocarpus styracifolius Pierre x x 607 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L. Her ex Vent x x x 608 Ficus altissima Bl. x x 609 Ficus auriculata Lour. x x x 610 Ficus benjamina L. x x x 611 Ficus callosa Willd. x x x 612 Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume x x 613 Ficus fulva Reinw. x x 614 Ficus heterohylla L. x x x 615 Ficus hirta Vahd x x 616 Ficus hispida L.f. x x x 617 Ficus macrophylla Desf x x x 618 Ficus microcarpa L.f. x x x 619 Ficus nervosa Heyne x 620 Ficus obscura var. borneensis (Miq.) Corner x 148 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 621 Ficus racemosa L. x x x 622 Ficus vasculosa Wall. x x 623 Maclura cochinchinensis Kudo et Masan. x x 624 Morus alba L. x x 625 Streblus apsper Lour. x x x 626 Streblus ilicifolia (Kurz.) Corn. x x x 627 Streblus laxiflorus (Hutch.) Corn. x x x 628 Streblus macrophyllus Bl. x x x 629 Stroblus tonkinensis Lour. x 630 Tacxotrophis macrophylla x 631 Trophis scandens (Lour.) Planch x x x 63. MYRISTICACEAE 632 Horsfieldia amygdalina Warbg x x x 633 Horsfieldia longiflora De Wilde x x 634 Knema conferta x 635 Knema globularia (Lamk.) Uarb. x x x 636 Knema pierrei Warb. x x x 637 Knema poilanei Wild. x x 638 Knema tonkinensis (Warb.) De Wilde x 64. MYRSINACEAE 639 Ardisia aciphylla Pitard. x x x 640 Ardisia arboreseens Wall. ex A. DC. x x 641 Ardisia capillipes Pit. x x x 642 Ardisia colorata Roxb. x x 643 Ardisia depressa C.B. Clarke x x 644 Ardisia quinquegona Bl. x x 645 Embelia acuminata x x x 646 Embelia henryi E. Walker x x x 647 Embelia laeta (L.) Mez x x x 648 Embelia ribes Burm. f. x x x 649 Embelia vestita Roxb. x x x 650 Maesa acuminatissima Merr. x x x 651 Maesa balansae Mez x x 652 Maesa indica Wall. x x 653 Maesa membranaceus A.DC. x x x 654 Maesa perlarius (Lour.) Merr. x x 149 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 655 Myrsine linearis (Lour.) S. Moore x x 65. MYRTACEAE 656 Baeckea frutescens L. x x 657 Cleistocalyx opereulatus (Rexb) et Pev x x x 658 Psidium guajava L. x x x 659 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. x x x 660 Syzygium attopeuense (Gagn.) Merr. & Perry x x x 661 Syzygium baviense (Gagn.) Merr. & Perry x x x 662 Syzygium boisianum (Gagn.) Merr. & Perry x x 663 Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels x x x 664 Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam. x x x 665 Syzygium jambos var. syvaticum (Gagnep.) & Perry x x x 666 Syzygium levinei (Merr.) Merr. & Perry x x x 667 Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp x x 668 Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. x x 66. OLACACEAE 669 Erythropalum scanden Blume x x 67. OLEACEAE 670 Jasminum longipetalum King et Gamble x x x 671 Jasminum nervosum Lour., x x x 672 Jasminum sambac (Linn) Ait x x x 673 Jasminum scandens Vahl x x 674 Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume x x x 675 Ligustrum indicum (Lour.) Merr. x x x 676 Olea brachiata (Lour.) Merr. x x x 677 Olea dioica Roxb. x x 678 Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata x 68. OPILIACEAE 679 Urobotrya latisquama (Gagnep.) Hiepko x x 69. OXALIDACEAE 680 Averrhoa carambola L. x x x 681 Biophytum sensitivum DC. x x 682 Oxalis corniculata L. x x x 683 Oxalis croniculata L. x x x 684 Oxalis sp. x x 70. PANDACEAE 150 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 685 Mierodensmis caseariaefolia Palch. ex Hook. x x 71. PASSIFLORACEAE 686 Adenia heterophylla (Blume) Kood x x x 687 Passiflora foetida L. x x x 72. PIPERACEAE 688 Peperomia pellucida (L.) H. B. K. x x x 689 Piper betle L. x x x 690 Piper bonii DC. x x x 691 Piper lolot L. x x x 73. PLANTACEAE 692 Plantanus kerrii Gagnep. x x 74. PLANTAGINACEAE 693 Plantago major L. x x x 75. POLYGONACEAE 694 Fallopia multiflora (Thumb) Haraldson (E) x x x 695 Polygonum barbatum L. x x x 696 Polygonum chinensis L. x x x 697 Polygonum dichotomum Blume x x x 698 Polygonum leptostachyum De Bruyn x x x 699 Polygonum odoratum Lour. x x x 700 Polygonum perfoliatum L. x x x 76. PORTULACEAE 701 Portulaca oleracea L. x x x 77. PROTEACEAE 702 Helicia caulifolia Merr. x x x 703 Helicia formosa Hemsl x x 704 Helicia grandifolia Lecomte x x 705 Helicia hainanensis Hayata x x 78. RANUNCULACEAE 706 Clematis armandii Franch x x x 707 Clematis buchaniana DC. x x 708 Clematis granulata (Fin. & Gagnep.) Ohwi. x x 709 Clematis smilacifolia Wall. x x x 79. RHAMNACEAE 710 Berchemia lineata DC. x x x 151 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 711 Gouania leptostachya DC. x x x 712 Sageretia theezans Brongn x x x 713 Ziziphus funiculosa Ham. ex Lans x x x 714 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. x x x 715 Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill x x x 80. RHIZOPHORACEAE 716 Carallia dipplopetala Hand.-Mezz. x x x 717 Carallia lancaefolia Roxb. x x 81. ROSACEAE 718 Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke x x x 719 Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkm x x x 720 Rubus alcaefolius Poir x x x 721 Rubus althacoides Hance x x x 722 Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt x x x 723 Rubus leucanthus Hance x x x 724 Rubus moluccanus L. x x x 82. RUBIACEAE 725 Adina cordifolia Hook x 726 Aidia oxyodonta Drake x x 727 Aidia pycnantha (Drake) Tirveng. x x 728 Canthium horridum Blume x x 729 Canthium parvifolium Roxb. x x 730 Hedyotis acutangula Champ. ex Benth. x x x 731 Hedyotis auricularia L. x x x 732 Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lamk. x x x 733 Hedyotis multiglomerulata (Pit.) P.H.Ho x x x 734 Ixora coccinea Linn x x 735 Ixora finlaysoniana Wall.ex G. Don. x 736 Lasianthus annamicus Pitard x x x 737 Lasianthus baviensis (Drake) Pitard x x x 738 Lasianthus tonkinensis (Drake) Pitard. x x x 739 Morinda citrifolia L. x x x 740 Morinda officinalis How x x 741 Morinda umbellata L. x x x 742 Mussaenda cambodiana Pierre x x x 743 Neonauclea purpurea (Roxb.) x x 152 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 744 Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. x x x 745 Psychotria montana Blume x x x 746 Psychotria oligoneura Pierre ex Pit. x x 747 Psychotria poilanei Pitard x x 748 Psychotria pseudo-ixora Pitard x x x 749 Psychotria reevesii Wall. x x x 750 Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. x x x 751 Psychotria silvestris Pitard sec. Phamh. x x x 752 Randia canthioides Champ. ex Benth. x x x 753 Randia spinosa (Thb) Poir x x x 754 Uncaria macrophylla Wall. x x x 755 Wendlandia glabrata DC. x x x 756 Wendlandia laotica Pit x x x 757 Wendlandia paniculata DC. x x x 83. RUTACEAE 758 Acronychia peduncunata (L.) Miq x x x 759 Citrus aurantifolia (Christm. & Panzer) Swingle x x x 760 Citrus grandis (L.) Osb. x x x 761 Citrus sinensis Osbeck x x x 762 Citrus reticulata Blanco x x x 763 Clausena dunniana Levl. x x x 764 Clausena lansium Skeels x x 765 Euodia lepta (Speng.) x x x 766 Euodia meliaeflia Benth. x x 767 Glycosmis gracilis Tanaca ex Guillaumin x x 768 Glycosmis pentaphylla Corr. x x 769 Micromelum falcatum Tanaka x x 770 Micromelum minutum (Forst. f.) Wight. x x 771 Paramignya monophylla Wight. x x x 772 Zanthoxylum avicenniae (Lamk.) DC. x x x 773 Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC. x x x 84. SAPINDACEAE 774 Amesiodendron chinensis (Merr.) Hu x x x 775 Cardiospermum halicacabum L. x x x Dinocarpus fumatus (Blume) Leenh. spp. indochinensis x x x 776 Leenh. 153 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 777 Dinocarpus longana (Lour.) Steud x x x 778 Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh x 779 Litchi chinensis Radlk x x x 780 Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radkl x x 781 Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume x x 782 Nephelium cuspidatum Blume x x x 783 Nephelium melliferum Gagnep. x x x 784 Pavieasia annamensis Pierre x x x 785 Pometia pinnata spp. tomentosa (Blume) Jacobs x x x 85. SAPOTACEAE 786 Eberhardtia tonkinensis H. Lec. x 787 Madhuca hainanensis Chun. et How x 788 Madhuca pasquieri H.J. Lamb x x x 86. SARGENTODOXACEAE 789 Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils. x x 87. SAURURACEAE 790 Saururus chinensis Bail x xx x 88. SCROPHULARIACEAE 791 Adenosma caeraleum R.Br. x x x 792 Adenosma indiana (Lour.) x x x 89. SIMARUBACEAE 793 Ailanthus altissima Swingl x x x 794 Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst) Alston x x 795 Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. x 796 Eurycoma longifolia Jack x 90. SOLANACEAE 797 Solalum nigrum Swart x x x 798 Solanum procumbens Lour. x x x 91. SONNERATIACEAE 799 Duabaga sonneratioides Ham x x x 92. STERCULIACEAE 800 Abroma augusta (L.) Willd. x x x 801 Commersonia platyphylla Anch x x x 802 Helicteres angustifolia L. x x x 803 Helicteres hirsuta Lour. x x x 804 Pterospermum angustifolium Jard. x x 154 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 805 Pterospermum grandifolium Craib. x x 806 Pterospermum heterophyllum Hance x x x 807 Pterospermum lancaefolium Roxb. x x x 808 Sterculia lanceolata Cav x x 809 Sterculia nobilis Smith x x 810 Waltheria americana L. x 93. STYRACACEAE 811 Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hardw x x x 94. SYMPLOCACEAE 812 Symplocos adenophylla Wall. ex G. Don x x 813 Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) Moore x x 95. THEACEAE 814 Adinandra integerrima T. And x x 815 Adinandra millettii (Hook. et Arn.) Benth. et Hook. f. x 816 Camellia caudata Wall. x x 817 Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze x x x 818 Camellia sasamqua Nakai x 819 Eurya acuminata DC. x x x 820 Eurya laotica Gagnep. x x 821 Eurya nitida Korth. x x 822 Eurya tonkinensis Gagnep. x 823 Schima wallichii (DC.) Choisy x x x 96. THYMELEACEAE 824 Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte x 825 Wikstroemia indica (L.) C. A. Mey x x x 97. TILIACEAE 826 Colona auriculata Desf. x x x 827 Corchorus aestuans L. x x 828 Burretiodendron tonkinensis Gagnep.) Chang & Miau x x x 829 Grewia annamica Gagnep. x x x 830 Grewia asiatica L. x x x 831 Grewia glabra Blume x 832 Grewia hirsuta Wahl x x 98. ULMACEAE 833 Celtis japonica Planch. x x x 834 Celtis philippinensis Blanco x x 155 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 835 Gironniera cuspidata (Blume) Pl. ex Kurz. x x x 836 Gironniera subaequalis x x x 837 Trema angustifolia (Pl.) Blume x x x 838 Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. x x x 839 Ulmus lancifolia Roxb. x x 99. URTICACEAE 840 Boehmeria clidemioides Miq. x x 841 Boehmeria macrophylla Horn. x x 842 Boehmeria tonkinensis Gagn. x 843 Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew x x x 844 Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew x x 845 Elatostema balansae Gagnep. x x x 846 Elatostema cuneatum Wight. x x x 847 Laportea violacea Gagnep. x x 848 Pellionia repens Lour. x 849 Pouzolzia sanguinea (Blume) Merr. x 850 Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. x 100. VERBENACEAE 851 Callicarpa arborea Roxb. x 852 Callicarpa brevipes (Benth.) Hance x x 853 Callicarpa erioclona Schauer in DC. x x 854 Callicarpa longifolia Lamk. x x x 855 Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl x x 856 Clerodendrum chinensis (Obeck) Mabb. x x x 857 Clerodendrum chinensis var. simplex (Mold.) S.L. Chen x x 858 Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. x x 859 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turz. x 860 Clerodendrun paniculatum x x x 861 Lantana camara L. x x x 862 Vitex helogiton K.Schum. 2 863 Vitex negundo L. x x 864 Vitex quinata F.N. Will x x 101. VITACEAE 865 Cayratia hayatae Gagn. x x x 866 Cissus quadrangularis L. x x 867 Cissus triloba (Lour.) x x 156 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 868 Tetrastigma beauvaisii Gagn. x x 869 Tetrastigma strumarium Gagnep. x 870 Vitis pentagona Diels & Gilg x x x B. LILIOPSIDA 102. AGAVACEAE 871 Agave amaniensis Tral. x x x 103. ARACEAE 872 Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott x x x 873 Amorphophallus sp. x x x 874 Anadendrum montanum (Blume) Schott x x x 875 Arisaema balansae Engl. x x 876 Epipremmum giganteum x x x 877 Homalonema occulta Schott x x 878 Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr. x x x 879 Pothos grandis Buch. x x x 880 Pothos repens (Lour.) Druce x x 881 Pothos scandens L. x x x 882 Raphidophora chevalieri Gagnep. x x x 883 Raphidophora tonkinensis Engl. x x 104. ARECACEAE 884 Calamus platyacanthus Warb. x 885 Calamus redentum Lour. x x 886 Calamus tetradactylus x x x 887 Calamus tonkinensis Becc. x x 888 Caryota mitis Lour. x x x 889 Caryota monostachya Becc. x x x 890 Licuala fatua Beec x x x 105. CANNACEAE 891 Canna edulis L. x x x 106. COSTACEAE 892 Costus tonkinensis Gagnep. x x x 107. DRACENACEAE 893 Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep. x x x 894 Pleomele cochinchinensis il x x x 108. HYPOCYDACEAE 895 Curculigo latifolia Dryand. x 157 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 109. LILIACEAE 896 Ophiopogon latifolius Rodr x x x 110. MARANTACEAE 897 Phynium dispermum Gagnep. x x x 111. MUSACEAE 898 Musa uranoscopos Lour. x x x 899 Musa paradisiaca L. x x x 112. ORCHIDACEAE 900 Aerides odorata Lour. x x 901 Anoectochilus setaceus Blume x x 902 Appendicula cornuta Blume x 903 Bulbophyllum concinnum Hook. f. x 113. PANDANACEAE 904 Pandanus tonkinensis Martelli x x x 114. POACEAE 905 Arundinaria amabilis Mc. Clure x x x 906 Bambusa blumeana J.A. et J.H.Schult. x x x 907 Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Rocusch x x x 908 Centosteca latifolia (Osbeck.) Trin x x x 909 Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. x x x 910 Cymbopogon caesius (Nees.) Stapf. x 911 Cynodon dactylon Pres x x x 912 Dactyloctenium acgyptium (L.) Richt x x x 913 Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro x x x 914 Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro x x x 915 Imperata cylindric (Linn.) Beauv x x x 916 Indosasa sinica Chu et Chao x x x 917 Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi x x x 918 Neohouzeana dulloa A. Camus x x x 919 Paspalum longifolium Roxb. x x x 920 Pennisetum purpureum K. Scahun x x x 921 Phragmites caommunis x x x 922 Saccharum spontaneum L. x x x 923 Schizostachium leviculme Mc. Clure x x 924 Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hacak. x x x 925 Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kantz x x x 158 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name Hu Nha PC 115. SMILACACEAE 926 Smilax glabra Wall. et Roxb. x x x 927 Smilax petelotii T. Koyama x 928 Smilax ovalifolia Roxb. x x x 116. STEMONACEAE 929 Stemona tuberosa Lour. x x x 117. TACCACEAE 930 Tacca chantrieri Andre x x 931 Tacca integrifolia Ker.-Gaul. x 118. ZINGIBERACEAE 932 Alpinia conchigera Griff. x x 933 Alpinia globosa Horan x x 934 Amomum echinosphaera K.Schum x x x 935 Amomum vespertilio Gagnep. x x x 159 Annex 2. List of mammal species recorded in 3 Nature Reserves in TSHPP Area Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC 1. I. SCANDENTIA TREE-SHREWS 1. Tupaiidae Tree Shrews 2. Tupaia belangeri Northern Tree Shrew + + + II. PRIMATES II. PRIMATES 2. Lorisidae Lorises 3. Nycticebus bengalensis Bengal Slow Loris + + 4. Nycticebus pygmaeus Pygmy Slow Loris + + + 3. Cercopithecidae Old World Monkeys 5. Macaca arctoides Stump-tailed Macaque + + + 6. Macaca assamensis Assam Macaque + + 7. Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey + + + 8. Trachypithecus crepusculus Grey Langur + + 9. Trachypithecus francoisi Delacour's Langur + 4. Hylobatidae Gibbons 10. Nomascus concolor Western Black-crested Gibbon + 11. Nomascus leucogenys White-cheeked Gibbon + III. HEDGEHOGS ERINACEOMORPHA 5. Erinaceidae Hedgehogs 12. Hylomys suillus Short-tailed Gymnure + IV. SORICOMORPHA VII. SHREWS 6. Soricidae Shrews, Shrew mice 13. Crocidura attenuata Asian Gray Shrew + 14. Crocidura fuliginosa Shoutheast Shrew + 15. Suncus murinus Asian House Shrew + + + 7. Talpidae 7 . Moles 16. Euroscaptor longirostris Long-nosed Mole + + V. CHIROPTERA V. BATS 8. Pteropodidae Fruit Bats 17. Cynopterus sphinx Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat + + 18. Rousettus leschenaulti Leschenault's Rousette + 9. Rhinolophidae 9. Horseshoe Bats 19. Rhinolophus pearsonii Pearson's Horseshoe Bat + 10. Hipposideridae Old World Roundleaf Bat 20. Aselliscus stoliczkanus Stoliczka's Asian Trident Bat + 21. Hipposideros armiger Great Leaf-nosed Bat + 22. Hipposideros larvatus Intermediate Leaf-nosed Bat + 23. Hipposideros pomona Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat + 11. Vespertilionidae Evening Bats 24. Pipistrellus javanicus Javan Pipistrelle + + 25. Pipistrellus tenuis Least Pipistrelle + + 26. Ia io Great Evening Bat + VI. PHOLIDOTA PANGOLINS 12. Manidae Pagolins 27. Manis pentadactyla Chinese Pagolin + + + 160 VII. CARNIVORA CARNIVORE MAMMALS 13. Felidae Cats 28. Catopuma temminckii Asian Golden Cat + + + 29. Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Cat + + + 30. Neofelis nebulosa Clouded Leopard + 31. Panthera pardus Leopard + + 32. Panthera tigris Tiger + + 14. Viverridae Civets 33. Arctictis binturong Binturong + 34. Paguma larvata Masked Palm Civet + + + 35. Paradoxurus Asian Palm Civet + + + hermaphroditus 36. Chrotogale owstoni Owston's Palm Civet + + + 37. Prionodon pardicolor Spotted Linsang + + + 38. Viverra zibetha Large Indian Civet + + + 39. Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet + + + 15. Herpestidae Moongooses 40. Herpestes javanicus Small Asian Mongoose + + + 41. Herpestes urva Crab-eating Mongoose + 16.Canidae Gray Dogs 42. Cuon alpinus Dhole + + + 43. Nyctereutes procyonoides Raccoon Dog + + 17. Ursidae Bears 44. Helarctos malayanus Sun Bear + + 45. Ursus thibetanus Asian Black Bear + + + 18. Mustelidae 18. Otters and Weasels 46. Lutra lutra European Otter + + 47. Arctonyx collaris Hog Badger + + + 48. Martes flavigula Yellow-throated Marten + + + 49. Melogale moschata Chinese Ferret-badger + + + 50. Mustela kathiah Yellow-bellied Weasel + + VIII. ARTIODACTYLA EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 19. Suidae Pigs 51. Sus scrofa Wild Pig + + + 20. Tragulidae Chevrotains 52. Tragulus kanchil Lesser Mouse-deer + 21. Cervidae Deers 53. Muntiacus muntjak Red Muntjak + + + 54. Rusa unicolor Sambar + + 22. Bovidae Cattles and Serow 55. Bos frontalis Gaur + + 56. Capricornis sumatraensis Sumatran Serow + + + IX. RODENTIA RODENTS 23. Sciuridae Squirrels 57. Ratufa bicolor Black Giant Squirrel + + + 58. Belomys pearsonii Hairy-footed Flying Squirrel + + 59. Petaurista elegans Spotted Giant Flying Squireel + 60. Petaurista philippensis Indian Giant Flying Squirrel + + + 161 61. Callosciurus erythraeus Pallas's Squirrel + + + 62. Callosciurus inornatus Inornate Squirrel + + + 63. Dremomys pernyi Perny's long-nosed Squirrel + + + 64. Dremomys rufigenis Asian Red-cheked Squirrel + + + 65. Tamiops macclellandii Himalayan Striped Squirrel + + 66. Tamiops maritimus Maritime Striped Squirrel + + + 24. Spalacidae 24. Bamboo Rats 67. Rhizomys pruinosus Hoary Bamboo Rat + + + 68. Rhizomys sumatrensis Indomalayan Bamboo Rat + + 25. Muridae Rats and Mice 69. Bandicota indica Greater Bandicoot Rat + 70. Bandicota savilei Savile's Bandicoot Rat + 71. Chiromyscus chiropus Indochinese Chiromyscus + 72. Leopoldamys edwardsi Edwards's Leopoldamys + + 73. Leopoldamys sabanus Long-tailed Giant Rat + 74. Mus musculus House Mouse + + + 75. Niviventer fulvescens Indomalayan Niviventer + + 76. Rattus andamanensis Indochinese Forest Rat + + 77. Rattus rattus Roof Rat + + + 78. Rattus tanezumi Oriental House Rat + + + 26. Hystricidae Porcupines 79. Atherurus macrourus Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine + + + 80. Hystrix brachyura Porcupine + + + 162 Annex 3. List of birds recorded in 3 Nature Reserves in TSHPP catchment Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC I. GALLIFORMES GALLIFORMS 1. Phasianidae Pheasants, Grouse 1. Francolinus pintadeanus Chinese Francolin + + 2. Coturnix japonica Japanese Quail + + 3. Coturnix chinensis Blue-breasted Quail + + 4. Arborophila brunneopectus Bar-backed Partridge + + 5. Arborophila charltonii Scaly-breasted Partridge + 6. Gallus gallus Red Junglefowl + + + 7. Lophura nycthemera Silver Pheasant + + + 8. Polyplectron bicalcaratum Burmese Peacock Pheasant + II. ANSERIFORMES ANSERIFORMs 2. Turnicidae Button Quails 9. Turnix tanki Yellow-legged Buttonquail + 10. Turnix suscitator Barred Buttonquail + + III. PICIFORMES 3. Picidae 11. Sasia ochracea White-browed Piculed + + 12. Dendrocopos hyperythrus Rufous-bellied Woodpecker + 13. Dendrocopos canicapillus Grey-capped Pygmy + Woodpecker 14. Celeus brachyurus Rufous Wookpecker + + 15. Picus rabieri Red-collared Woodpecker + 16. Picus chlorolophus Lesser Yellownaped + 17. Picus flavinucha Greater Yellownaped + + 18. Chrysocolaptes lucidus Greater Flameback + + 19. Gecinulus grantia Pale-headed Woodpecker + 4. Megalaimidae 20. Megalaima virens Fire-tufted Barbet + 21. Megalaima lagrandieri Red-vented Barbet + + + 22. Megalaima faiostricta Green-eared Barbet + + + 23. Megalaima asiatica Blue-throated Barbet + 24. Megalaima franklinii Golden-throated Barbet + + 25. IV. UPUPIFORMES 5. Upupidae 26. Upupa epops Common Hoopoe + + 27. V. TROGONIFORMES 6. Trogonidae 28. Harpactes erythrocephalus Red-headed Tragon + + + 29. VI. CORACIIFORMES 7. Coraciidae 30. Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller + 31. Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird + + 8. Alcedinidae 32. Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher + + + 163 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC 33. Ceyx erithacus Orientail Dwarf Kingfisher + 9. Halcyonidae 34. Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher + + + 35. Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher + 10. Meropidae 36. Nyctyornis athertoni Blue-bearded Bee-eater + + 37. Merops viridis Blue-throated Bee-eater + + 38. Merops superciliosus Blue-tailed Bee-eater + VII. CUCULIFORMES 11. Cuculidae 39. Clamator coromandus Chestut-winged Cuckoo + + 40. Hierococcyx sparverioides Large Hawk Cuckoo + + 41. Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo + + + 42. Cacomantis merulinus Plaintive Cuckoo + 43. Cuculus canorus Eurasian Cuckoo + 44. Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel + + + 45. Phaenicophaeus tristis Green-billed Malcoha + + + 12. Centropodidae 46. Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal + + + 47. Centropus bengalensis Lesser Coucal + + + VIII. PSITTACIFORMES 13. Psittacidae 48. Psittacula himalayana Slaty-headed Parakeet + + 49. Psittacula alexandri Red-breasted Parakeet + + + IX. APODIFORMES 14. Apodidae 50. Cypsiurus batasiensis Asian Palm Swift + + 51. Apus affinis House Swift + + 52. Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift + X. STRIGIFORMES 15. Tytonidae 53. Tyto capensis Grass Owl + 16. Strigidae 54. Otus sunia Oriental Scops Owl + 55. Otus spilocephalus Moutain Scops Owl + + 56. Otus bakkamoena Collared Scops Owl + + + 57. Ketupa zeylonensis Brown Fish Owl + 58. Glaucidium brodiei Collared Owlet + + 59. Glaucidium cuculoides Asian Barred Owlet + + 60. Ninox scutulata Brown Hawk Owl + 17. Caprimulgidae 61. Caprimulgus macrurus Large-tailed Nightjar + 62. Caprimulgus asiaticus Indian Nightjar + 63. Caprimulgus indicus Grey Nightjar + XI. COLUMBIFORMES 18. Columbidae 164 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC 64. Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle Dove + 65. Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove + + + 66. Streptopelia tranquebarica Red Collared Dove + + + 67. Macropygia unchall Barred Cuckoo Dove + + 68. Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove + + + 69. Treron apicauda Pin-tailed Green Pigeon + 70. Treron curvirostra Thick-billed Green Pigeon + + 71. Ducula badia Mountain Imperial Pigeon + + 72. Ducula aenea Green Imperial Pigeon + XII. GRUIFORMES 19. Rallidae 73. Gallirallus striatus Slaty-breasted Rail + 74. Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen + + XIII. CICONIIFORMES 20. Scolopacidae 75. Gallinago nemoricola Wood Snipe + 76. Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe + + 77. Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper + 78. Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper + 21. Charadriidae 79. Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover + 80. Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover + + 22. Glareolidae 81. Glareola maldivarus Oriental Pratincole + 23. Accipitridae 82. Aviceda leuphotes Black Baza + 83. Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite + 84. Milvus migrans Black Kite + + 85. Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent Eagle + + + 86. Spizaeetus nipalensis Moutain Hawk Eagle + 87. Circus melanoleucos Pied Harrier + 88. Accipiter trivirgatus Crested Goshawk + + 89. Accipiter nisus Eurasian Sparrowhawk + 90. Buteo buteo Common Buzzard + 24. Falconidae 91. Microhierax melanoleucos Pied Falconet + 92. Microhierax caerulescens Collared Falconet + 93. Falco severus Oriental Hobby + 94. Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel + 95. Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon + 25. Ardeidae 96. Egretta garzetta Little Egret + + 97. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret + + 98. Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond Heron + + + 99. Butorides striatus Litle Heron + + 100. Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern + 165 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC XIV. PASSERIFORMES 26. Pittidae 101. Pitta oatesi Rusty-naped Pitta + 102. Pitta elliotii Gurney's Pitta + 27. Eurylaimidae 103. Psarisomus dalhousiae Long-tailed Broadbill + + 28. Irenidae 104. Irena puella Asian Fairy Bluebird + + + 105. Chloropsis cochinchinensis Blue-winged Leafbird + + 106. Chloropsis hardwickii Orange-bellied Leafbird + + 29. Laniidae 107. Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike + 108. Lanius collurioides Burmese Shrike + + + 109. Lanius schach Long-tailed Shrike + + 30. Corvidae 110. Urocissa erythrorhyncha Red-billed Blue Magpie + 111. Urocissa whiteheadi White-winged Magpie + + 112. Cissa hypoleuca Indochinese Green Magpie + 113. Cissa chinensis Common Green Magpie + 114. Dendrocitta formosae Grey Treepie + + 115. Crypsirina temia Racked-tailed Treepie + + 116. Temnurus temnurus Ratchet-tailed Treepie + + 117. Corvus macrorhynchos Large-billed Crow + 118. Artamus fuscus Ashy Woodswallow + + 119. Oriolus chinensis Black-naped Oriole + 120. Oriolus traillii Maroon Oriole + 121. Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckooshrike + 122. Coracina melaschistos Black-winged Cuckooshrike + + 123. Pericrocotus roseus Rosy Minivet + 124. Pericrocotus solaris Grey-chinned Minivet + 125. Pericrocotus flammeus Scarlet Minivet + + + 126. Hemipus picatus Bar-winged Flycatcher + + Shrike 127. Rhipidura albicollis White-throated Fantail + + + 128. Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo + + + 129. Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy Drongo + + 130. Dicrurus annectans Crow-billed Drongo + 131. Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo + + + 132. Dicrurus remifer Lesser Racket-tailed + + Drongo 133. Dicrurus paradiseus Greater Racked-tailed + Drongo 134. Hypothymis azurea Black-naped Monarch + + + 135. Terpsiphone paradisi Asian Paradise-flycatcher + + 136. Aegithina tiphia Common Iora + + + 137. Aegithina viridissima Green Iora + 138. Aegithina lafresnayei Great Iora + + 166 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC 31. Muscicapidae 139. Monticola solitarius Blue Rockthrush + + 140. Myophonus caeruleus Blue Whistling Thrush + + + 141. Zoothera dauma Scaly Thrush + 142. Zoothera marginata Dark-sided Thrush + 143. Turdus merula Eurasian Blackbird + 144. Turdus obscurus Eyebrowed Thrush + 145. Brachypteryx leucophrys Lesser Shortwing + 146. Muscicapa dauurica Asian Brown Flycatcher + + + 147. Ficedula strophiata Rufous-gorgetted + Flycatcher 148. Ficedula parva Red-breasted Flycatcher + + 149. Niltava davidi Fujian Niltava + 150. Eumyias thalassina Verditer Flycatcher + + 151. Cyornis concreta White-tailed Flycatcher + + 152. Cyornis hainanus Hainan Blue Flycatcher + 153. Culicicapa ceylonensis Grey-headed Canary + + flycatcher 154. Luscinia sibilans Rufous-tailed Robin + + 155. Luscinia calliope Siberian Rubythroat + 156. Luscinia cyane Siberian Blue Robin + 157. Tarsiger cyanurus Orange-flanked Bush Robin + 158. Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin + + + 159. Copsychus malabaricus White-rumped Shama + + 160. Myiomela leucura White-tailed Robin + + 161. Enicurus schistaceus Slaty-backed Forktail + + 162. Chaimarrornis White-capped Water + leucocephalus Redstart 163. Saxicola torquata Common Stonechat + + 164. Saxicola ferrea Grey Bushchat + + + 32. Sturnidae 165. Sturnus sericeus Red-billed Starling + 166. Sturnus nigricollis Black-collared Starling + 167. Sturnus burmannicus Vinous-breasted Starling + 168. Acridotheres grandis White-vented Myna + 169. Acridotheres cristatellus Crested Myna + + + 170. Gracula religiosa Hill Mynah + + 33. Sittidae 171. Sitta frontalis Velvet-fronted Nuthatch + 34. Paridae 172. Parus major Great Tit + + + 173. Melanochlora sultanea Sultan Tit + 174. 35. Aegithalidae 175. Aegithalos concinnus Black-throated Tit + 36. Hirundinidae 176. Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow + + + 177. Hirundo daurica Red-rumped Swallow + + + 167 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC 37. Pycnonotidae 178. Pycnonotus atriceps Black-headed Bulbul + 179. Pycnonotus melanicterus Black-crested Bulbul + + + 180. Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul + + + 181. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul + + 182. Pycnonotus aurigaster Sooty-headed Bulbul + 183. Pycnonotus sinensis Light-vented Bulbul + 184. Pycnonotus finlaysoni Stripe-throated Bulbul + 185. Alophoixus pallidus Puff-throated Bulbul + + + 186. Iole propinqua Grey-eyed Bulbul + + 187. Hypsipetes mcclellandii Mountain Bulbul + + 188. Hypsipetes leucocephalus Black Bulbul + + 38. Cisticolidae 189. Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola + + 190. Prinia rufescens Rufescent Prinia + + 191. Prinia hodgsonii Grey-breasted Prinia + 39. Zosteropidae 192. Zosterops palpebrosus Oriental White-eye + + 193. Zosterops japonicus Japanese White-eye + + 40. Sylviidae 194. Tesia olivea Slaty-bellied Tesia + 195. Tesia cyaniventer Grey-bellied Tesia + 196. Bradypterus seebohmi Russet Bush Warbler + 197. Locustella lanceolata Lanceolated Warbler + 198. Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird + + + 199. Orthotomus atrogularis Dack-necked Tailorbird + + + 200. Phylloscopus maculipennis Ashy-throated Warbler + 201. Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-browed Warbler + 202. Phylloscopus fuscatus Dusky Warbler + 203. Phylloscopus affinis Tickell's Leaf Warbler + 204. Phylloscopus proregulus Pallas'Leaf Warbler + + 205. Phylloscopus borealis Arctic Warbler + + + 206. Phylloscopus davisoni White-tailed Leaf Warbler + + 207. Phylloscopus ricketti Sulphur-breasted Warbler + 208. Abroscopus superciliaris Yellow-bellied Warbler + 209. Megalurus palustris Striated Grassbird + 210. Garrulax perspicillatus Masked Laughingthrush + + 211. Garrulax leucolophus White-crested + + + Laughingthrush 212. Garrulax monileger Lesser Necklaced + Laughingthrush 213. Garrulax chinensis Black-throated + + + Laughingthrush 214. Garrulax canorus Hwamei + + + 215. Garrulax sannio White-browed + Laughingthrush 216. Pellorneum tickelli Buff-breasted Babbler + + + 168 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC 217. Pellorneum albiventre Spot-throated Babbler + 218. Pellorneum ruficeps Puff-throated Babbler + + 219. Malacopteron cinereum Scaly-crowned Babbler + 220. Pomatorhinus hypoleucos Large Scimitar Babbler + 221. Pomatorhinus erythrogenys Rusty-cheeked Scimitar + Babbler 222. Pomatorhinus schisticeps White-browed Scimitar + + + Babbler 223. Pomatorhinus ferruginosus Coral-billed Scimitar + Babbler 224. Napothera brevicaudata Streaked Wren Babbler + 225. Napothera epilepidota Eyebrowed Wren Babbler + 226. Stachyris rufifrons Rufous-fronted Babbler + 227. Stachyris nigriceps Grey-throated Babbler + + 228. Stachyris striolata Spot-necked Babbler + + 229. Macronous gularis Striped Tit Babbler + + + 230. Timalia pileata Chestnut-capped Babbler + 231. Leiothrix argentauris Silver-eared Mesia + + + 232. Pteruthius flaviscapis White-browed Shrike + Babbler 233. Alcippe vinipectus White-browed Fulvetta + 234. Alcippe rufogularis Rufous-throated Fulvetta + 235. Alcippe peracensis Mountain Fulvetta + 236. Alcippe brunnea Dusky Fulvetta + 237. Alcippe poioicephala Brown-cheeked Fulvetta + 238. Alcippe morrisonia Grey-cheeked Fulvetta + 239. Yuhina zantholeuca White-bellied Yuhina + 240. Yuhina nigrimenta Black-chinned Yuhina + + 41. Alaudidae 241. Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark + + + 42. Nectariniidae 242. Dicaeum chrysorrheum Yellow-vented + + Flowerpecker 243. Dicaeum concolor Plain Flowerpecker + + + 244. Dicaeum cruentatum Scarlet-backed + Plowerpecker 245. Hypogramma Purple-naped Sunbird + hypogrammicum 246. Anthreptes singalensis Ruby-cheeked Sunbird + 247. Aethopiga christinae Fork-tailed Sunbird + 248. Nectarinia jugularis Olive-backed Sunbird + 249. Aethopiga siparaja Crimson Sunbird + + 250. Arachnothera longirostra Little Spiderhunter + + 251. Arachnothera affinis Grey-breasted Spiderhunter + 252. Arachnothera magna Streaked Spiderhunter + + + 43. Passeridae 253. Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow + + + 169 Pu Xuan HK- No Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC 254. Motacilla alba White Wagtail + + + 255. Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail + 256. Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail + + + 257. Anthus richardi Richard's Pipit + + + 258. Anthus hodgsoni Olive-backed Pipit + 259. Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit + 260. Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia + + + 261. Lonchura punctulata Scaly-breasted Munia + + 44. Fringillidae 262. Emberiza rutila Chestnut Bunting + 170 Annex 4. List of Reptile and Amphibian species recorded in 3 NRs in TSHPP Catchment Pu Xuan HK- No. Scientific name English name Hu Nha PC I. SQUAMATA I. SQUAMATA 1. Gekkonidae 1. Gekkons 1 Gekko gecko Tockay + + + 2 Hemidactylus frenatus Spiny-tailed House Gecko + + + 2. Agamidae 3 Acanthosaura lepidogaster Scale-bellied Tree Lizard + + + 4 Calotes mystaceus Maustached + 5 Physignathus cocincinus Indochinese Water Dragon + + + 3. Scincidae 6 Eumes quadrilineatus Blue-tailed Skink + 7 Euremes tamdaoensis Tamdao blue-tailed Skink + 8 Mabuya chapaensis Sapa Skink + 9 Mabuya longicaudata Long-tailed Skink + + + 10 Mabuya multifasciata Many-lined Sun Skink + + + 4. Lacertidae 11 Takydrromus sexlineatus Srass Lizard + + 5. Anguidae 12 Ophisaurus harti Asian Grass Lizard + 6. Varanidae 13 Varanus salvator Water Monitor + + 7. Typhlopidae 14 Ramphotypholops braminus Common Blind Snake + + 8. Xenopeltidae 15 Xenopeltis unicolor Sunbeam Snake + + + 9. Boidae 16 Python molurus Burmere Python + + + 10. Colubridae 17 Ahaetulla prasina Oriental Whip Snake + + + 18 Amphiesma stolata Buff-striped Keelback + + 19 Boiga multomaculata Multitemporaled Cat Snake + + 20 Calamaria pavimenlata Collared Reed Snake + 21 Cyclophiops multicinctus Munticincted Green Snake + 22 Dendrelaphis pictus Gmelin's Bronzeback + + 23 Dinodon futsingensis Futsing Wolf Snake + 24 Elaphe taeniura Taiwan Beauty Snake + + 25 Elaphe radiata Copperhead Racer + + + 26 Elaphe porphyracea Black-banded Trinket + + Snake 27 E. mandarnus Mandarin Rat Snake + 28 E. moellendorffii Moellendorff's Rat Snake + + 29 Enhydris plumbea Plumbeous Water Snake + + 30 Pareas margaritophorus White-spotted Slug Snake + 31 Ptyas korros Indochinese Rat Snake + + + 32 P. mucosus Common Rat Snake + + 171 33 Psammodynastes pulverulentus Mock viper + + 34 Rhabdophis chrysagus Speckle-bellied Keelback + + 35 Rhabdophis subminiatus Red-necked Keelback + 36 Xenochrophis piscator Checkered Keelback + + + 37 Sibynophis chinensis Chinese Mountain Snake + 38 Sinonatrix percarinata Mountain Water Snake + + 11. Elapidae 39 Bungarus fasciatus Banded Krait + + + 40 Bungarus multcinctus Many Banded Krait + + + 41 Calliophis macclellandi McClelland's Coral Snake + 42 Naja atra Chinese Cobra + + + 43 Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra + + + 12.Viperidae 44 Trimeresurus albolabris Bamboo Snake + + 45 T. stejnegeri Bamboo Pit Viper + + II. TESTUDINATA 46 13. Platystermidae 47 Platysternon megacephatum Big-headed Turtle + + 14. Emydidae 48 Cuora galbinifrons Indochinese Box Turtle + + 48 Cuora trifasciata Chinese three-striped Box + Turtle 50 Cyclemys tcheponensis Stripe-necked Leaf Tuetle + 51 Geoemyla spengleri Black-breasted Leaf Turtle + 52 Ocadia sinensis Chinese Striped-neck + Turtle 53 Pyxidea mouhoti Keeled Box Turtle + + 54 Sacalia quadriocellata Four-eyed Turtle + 15. Testudinidae 55 Indotestudo elongata Elongated Tortoise + 56 Manouria impressa Immpressed Tortoise + + 16.Trionychidae 57 Palea steindachneri Wattle-necked Softshell + + Turtle 58 Pelodiscus sinensis Chinese softshell Turtle + + AMPHIBIA AMPHIBIANS I.GYMNOPHIONA 1. Ichthyophis 1 Ichthyophis bannanicus Banna Caecilian + II. ANURA 2. Megophryidae 2 Leptolalax pelodytoides Thao Asian Toad + + 3 Megophrys longipes Malacca Spadefoot Toad + + 3. Bufonidae 4 Bufo galeatus Gamboja Toad + 5 Bufo melanostictus Asian Common Toad + + + 4. Ranidae 6 Amolops ricketti Chinese Sucker Frog + + 7 Chaparana delacouri Tonkin Asian Frog + 172 8 Hoplobatrachus rugulosus Common Lowland Frog + + + 9 Huia nasica Tonkin Hiua Frog + 10 Limnonectes kuhlii Kuhl's Creek Frog + 11 Limnonectes limnocharis Grass Frog + + + 12 Occidozyga laevis Yellow-bellied Puddle + + Frog 13 Occidozyga lima Green Puddle Frog + + 13 Paa spinosa Giant Spiny Frog + + 15 Paa verrucospinosa Granular Spiny Frog + + + 17 Rana andersoni Golden Croossband Frog + 17 Rana guentheri Gunther's Amoy Frog + + 18 Rana johnsi Johns' Frog + + 19 Rana livida Tenasserim Frog + + + 20 Rana macrodactyla Guangdong Frog + + + 21 Rana maosonensis Maoson Frog + 22 Rana nigrovittata Black-striped Frog + 23 Rana taipehensis Taipei Frog + + 5. Rhacophoridae 24 Chirixalus vittatus Striped Asian Treefrog + + 25 Polypedates leucomystax Four-lined Treefrog + + + 6. Microhylidae 26 Microhyla bermorei Berdmore's Frog + 27 Microhyla butleri Butler's rice Frog + + 28 Microhyla marmorata Marble Pigmy Frog + + 29 Microhyla ornata Ornate Pigmy Frog + + 30 Microhyra pulchra Guangdong Rice Frog + + + 173 Annex 5. A list of plant species of national and international conservation significance in TSHPP area (Note: RDBVN: Red Data Book of Vietnam (2007), IUCN: IUCN Red List (2007), End.VN: Endemic to Vietnam. CR: Critically endangered; EN: Endangeres; VU: Vulnerable; NT: Near threatened, LR/nt: Near threatened, DD: Data defficient ) TT Scientific name Cons. importance Pu Xuan HK- RDB IU End. Hu Nha PC VN CN VN 1. Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) EN x x x 2. Acer tonkinensis H. Lec. + x 3. Actinodaphne ellipticibacca Kosterm. VU VU x x Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain. & VU LR x x 4. Bennet. 5. Alphonsea boniana Fin. et Gagnep. + x x x 6. Alphonsea tonkinensis DC. + x x x 7. Alstonia scholaris R.Br. LR x x x 8. Amentotaxus yunnanensis H.L.Li EN x x Ancistrocladus cochinchinensis + x x 9. Gagnep. 10. Angiopteris cochinchinensis Vriese + x x Anogeissus acumilata var. lanceolata + x x 11. Wall ex Clark 12. Antrophyum annamensis Chr. & Tard. VU x 13. Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte EN CR x 14. Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. + x x 15. Bauhinia acuminata L. + x x x 16. Boehmeria tonkinensis Gagn. + x 17. Bridelia balansae Tutch + x x Burretiodendron tonkinensis (Gagnep.) EN EN x x x 18. Chang & Miau 19. Calamus platyacanthus Warb. VU x 20. Calamus tetradactylus VU x x x 21. Calamus tonkinensis Becc. + x x 22. Callophyllum balansae Pitard. VU x x 23. Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz EN VU x 24. Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch + x x x 25. Canarium bengalense Roxb. + x x x 26. Capparis tonkinensis Gagn. + x x Carydaphnopsis tonkinensis (H.Lec.) + x x x 27. Airy-Shaw 28. Caryota mitis Lour. + x x x 29. Castanopsis annamensis Hance + x 30. Castanopsis chapaensis Luong + x x 31. Castanopsis tonkinensis Seem + x x x 32. Cayra tonkinensis Lee VU x 33. Celastrus tonkinensis Pitard + x 34. Chisocheton cochinchinensis Pierre + x x 174 TT Scientific name Cons. importance Pu Xuan HK- RDB IU End. Hu Nha PC VN CN VN 35. Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. VU LR x x x 36. Cinnamomum balansae Lec. VU EN x x Cinnamomum tonkiensis (Lecomte) A. + x x 37. Chev. 38. Costus tonkinensis Gagnep. + x x x 39. Croton tonkinensis + x x x 40. Cunninghamia knonishii Hayata VU VU x 41. Cycas balansae Warb. VU NT x x x 42. Cycas pectinata Griff. VU VU x x x Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. et LR x x 43. Hook. 44. Dacycarpus imbrricatus (Bl.) De Laub. LR x x 45. Dalbergia tonkinensis Pierre VU + x 46. Desmos cochinchinensis Lour. + x x x 47. Deutzianthus tonkinensis Gagnep. + x x 48. Diospyros mun A. Chev. ex Lecomte EN CR x 49. Dipterocarpus retusus Blume VU VU x x x 50. Disoxylum tonkinensis A. Chev. + x x x 51. Dracontonmelum duperreanum Pierre + x x x 52. Drynaria bonii (Kze) J. Sm. VU x x x Drynaria fortunei (O. Kuntze ex Mett.) EN x x 53. J. Smith 54. Eberhardtia tonkinensis H. Lec. + x 55. Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. EN + x 56. Eurya tonkinensis Gagnep. + x Exbuclandia tonkinensis (Lecomte) + x 57. V.Steen 58. Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. + x x 59. Fallopia multiflora (Thumb) Haraldson VU x x x (E) Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry et EN LR x x x 60. Thomas 61. Garcinia multifora Champ LR x x x 62. Garuga pinnata Roxb. + x 63. Gnetum latifolium Bl. var. blumei Mgf + x x 64. Gnetum montanum Mgf + x x 65. Goniothalamus vietnamensis Ban VU x 66. Grewia annamica Gagnep. + x x x 67. Gymnopetalum cochichinensis Kurz + x x x 68. Hernandia brilletti Steenis + x x x 69. Hopea chinensis () Hand.-Mazz. CR x x 70. Hopea mollissimia C.Y.Wu VU CR x x 71. Hydnocarpus annamensis H. Lec. VU + x x Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merr.) VU x x x 72. Sleum 73. Hydnocarpus kurzii (King) Warb. DD x x x 175 TT Scientific name Cons. importance Pu Xuan HK- RDB IU End. Hu Nha PC VN CN VN 74. Ilex rotunda Thumb. + x x x 75. Impatiens claviger Hook.f. + x x x Jasminum longipetalum King et + x x x 76. Gamble 77. Justicia vagabunda R.Ben. + x x x 78. Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. VU LR x x 79. Khaya senegalensis A.Juss. VU x x x Kibatalia macrophylla (Pitard) LR x x x 80. Woodson 81. Knema tonkinensis (Warb.) De Wilde + 82. Lasianthus annamicus Pitard + x x x 83. Lasianthus baviensis (Drake) Pitard + x x x 84. Lasianthus tonkinensis (Drake) Pitard. + x x x 85. Licuala fatua Beec + x x x 86. Lindera tonkinensis Lec. + x x Lithocarpus amygdalifolia (Sken) VU x x x 87. Hayata Lithocarpus annamensis (Hick. et A. + x 88. Camus) Barn. 89. Litsea baviensis H. Lec. + x x x Maclura cochinchinensis Kudo et + x x 90. Masan. 91. Madhuca pasquieri H.J. Lamb EN VU x x x 92. Mallotus cochinchenensis Lour. + x x x 93. Mangifera foctida Lour. LR x x x 94. Mangifera indica L. DD x x x 95. Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy VU x x 96. Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. VU x x x 97. Melodinus annamensis Pitard EN + x Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) + x 98. Merr. 99. Michelia balansae (A.DC.) Dandy VU x x x 100. Microlepia marginata (Houtt.) C. Chr. + x 101. Nageia fleuryi (Hiekel) de Laub NT x x x 102. Ormosia tonkinensis Gagn. + x x 103. Pandanus tonkinensis Martelli + x x x 104. Paramichelia baillonii (Pierre) Hu VU x x 105. Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie EN x x x 106. Pauldopia ghorta (G. Don) Steen EN x x x 107. Pavieasia annamensis Pierre + x x x 108. Phoebe macrocarpa C.Y.Wu VU x x 109. Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang VU x x 110. Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese VU x x x 111. Piper betle L. + x x x 112. Piper bonii DC. + x x x 113. Piper lolot L. + x x x 176 TT Scientific name Cons. importance Pu Xuan HK- RDB IU End. Hu Nha PC VN CN VN 114. Plantanus kerrii Gagnep. VU x x 115. Pleomele cochinchinensis il + x x x Podocarpus macrophyllus D.Don var. LR x x 116. maki Endl 117. Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don LR x x x 118. Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw. CR x x Protium serratum (Wall. et Colebr) VU x x x 119. Engl 120. Radermachera boniana Dop. + x 121. Raphidophora tonkinensis Engl. + x x 122. Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt + x x x 123. Schefflera lencantha R. Vig. + x x x 124. Semecarpus annamensis Tard. + x Sindora tonkinensis EN DD x 125. A.Chev.exK.etS.Larsen 126. Smilax petelotii T. Koyama CR x 127. Stephania dielsiana C.Y.Wu VU x x x 128. Strobilanthes brunnescens R. Ben + x x 129. Strobilanthes multangurus R. Ben + x x 130. Stroblus tonkinensis Lour. + x 131. Strychnos sp. G.Don + x x Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) + x x 132. Moore Syzygium baviense (Gagn.) Merr. & + x x x 133. Perry 134. Tacca integrifolia Ker.-Gaul. VU x 135. Thumbergia eberhardtii Benoist + x x 136. Toona ciliata Roem DD x x 137. Trevesia palmata (Roxb.) Vig. + x x x 138. Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun VU x 139. Uvaria boniana Finet et Gagnep. + x x 140. Vaccinium tonkinense Dop + x x 141. Vatica diospyroides Sym. CR x x x 142. Wrightia annamensis Eberh. + x x x 143. Wrightia laevis Hook.f. + x x 177 ANNEX 6. CONSERVATION NEED ASSESSMENT OF PU HU NATURE RESERVE I. GENERAL INFORMATION Assessment team: Management Board of Pu Hu NR: Le Than Ngoi (Director), Vu Van Dat (Deputy-Director), Nguyen Dinh Hieu (Technical officer), Trinh Dang Tinh (Legislation officer) Consultants: Nguyen Xuan Dang, Dang Ngoc Can, Do Huu Thu, Ngo Xuan Tuong Date: 22 April 2008 Name of protected area Pu Hu Nature Reserve Location of protected area Coordinate: 20o 22'30" ­ 20o 40'00" N. and 104o 40'00" ­ 105o 05'00" E In territory of 2 District (Quan Hoa and Muong Lat) of Thanh Hoa Province Date of establishment Decision 447/Q-UB, dated 20/3/1999 of Chairman of Thanh Hoa Provincial People Committee on approval of Investment plan of establishment of Pu Hu NR. Decision 741/Q-UB, dated 24/4/1999 of Chairman of Thanh Hoa Provincial People Committee on establishment of Management board of Pu Hu NR Ownership details Management Board of Pu Hu NR Management Authority Forest Protection Department of Thanh Hoa Province Size of protected area (ha) NR: 27.502,89ha ;Buffer zone: 87.336,34ha. Designations (IUCN category) Nature Reserve. IUCN Category Ib (Wilderness Area). Brief details of government National Programme 661 projects in protected areas List of top two protected area objectives Objective 1 Conservation of scientific values and typical biodiversity of North Central Vietnam and Northwest Thanh Hoa. Protection of watershed forest and supporting economic development in downstream area Objective 2 Conservation of precious and rare species of flora and fauna, especially globally endangered wildlife species Objective 3 Contribution to national security protection and social security of frontier area 178 II. ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT CAPACITY (Quadrate with bold letters is selected one as best reflects situation of assessed NR) Issue Criteria Score Comments 1. Legal status The protected area is not gazetted 0 · Decision 447/Q-UB, dated 20/3/1999 of Chairman of Thanh Hoa Provincial People Does the park have The government has agreed that the protected area should 1 Committee on approval of Investment plan legal status? be gazetted but has done nothing about it as yet of establishment of Pu Hu NR. The protected area is in the process of being gazetted but 2 · Decision 741/Q-UB, dated 24/4/1999 of the process is still incomplete Chairman of Thanh Hoa Provincial People The protected area has been legally gazetted (or in the 3 Committee on establishment of Management case of private reserves is owned by a trust or similar) board of Pu Hu NR 2. Protected area Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 0 Staff members lack of conservation regulations activities in the protected area are not in place experience Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and Lack of equipment for conservation activities Are inappropriate activities in the protected area exist but there are major 1 Very high pressure from 11 buffer zone land uses and problems in implementing them effectively communes, especially, H'Mong minority with activities (e.g. Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 2 very strong tradition of nomadic life, shifting poaching) activities in the protected area exist but there are some cultivation, wildlife hunting and free-ranging controlled? problems in effectively implementing them cattle Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 3 There is one village (Co Cai Village, Trung Context activities in the protected area exist and are being Ly Commune, 46 households) situated inside effectively implemented NR Two communes have agriculture lands inside NR 3. Law The staff have no effective capacity to enforce protected 0 Management Board of Pu Hu NR has 38 staff enforcement area legislation and regulations members (7 members less than planned in the There are major deficiencies in staff capacity to enforce 1 already approved Investment Plan of Pu Hu NR, Can staff enforce protected area legislation and regulations (e.g. lack of 1999) of which 24 are graduated universities or protected area rules skills, low patrol capacity) 179 Issue Criteria Score Comments well enough? The staff have acceptable capacity to enforce protected 2 high schools, 13 are graduated forestry vocational area legislation and regulations but some deficiencies schools and 3 has no vocational training. Majority Context remain of the NRs staff members are young with limited The staff have excellent capacity to enforce protected area 3 professional experience and has not receive legislation and regulations appropriate training on law enforcement and conservation skill. 4. Protected area No firm objectives have been agreed for the protected area 0 General management objectives of NR were objectives There are some objectives, but these are out-dated and bear 1 defined by scientists and approved by related little resemblance to the way that the site is managed stakeholders, however, detailed objectives are not Have objectives There are clear objectives for the establishment and 2 determined been agreed? management of the protected area, but these were set by a few professionals Planning The protected area has clear objectives agreed by a 3 wide range of stakeholders 5. Protected area Inadequacies in boundary design mean that achievement of 0 In general, boundary design is suitable for boundary design major objectives of the protected area is impossible biodiversity conservation, however, in the Does the protected Inadequacies in boundary design mean that 1 field, the boundary is not clear in some areas area need enlarging, achievement of major objectives of the protected area causing difficulty for NR management corridors etc to meet are constrained to some extent Co Cai village with 46 households, 215 its objectives? Boundary design is not constraining achievement of major 2 people is located inside Strict Protection Zone Planning objectives of the protected area of NR Reserve design features are significantly aiding 3 achievement of major objectives of the protected area 6. Protected area The boundary of the protected area is not known by the 0 The NR boundary was firstly demarcated in boundary management authority or local residents the field, however, due to recent revision of 180 Issue Criteria Score Comments The boundary of the protected area is known by the 1 management authority but is not known by local residents The boundary of the protected area is known by both 2 the management authority and local residents but is not fully demarcated The boundary of the protected area is known by the 3 management authority and local residents and is fully demarcated 7. Management There is no management plan for the protected area 0 Investment plan was revised for period 2006- plan A management plan is being prepared or has been 1 2010 and approved by People Committee of prepared but is not being implemented Thanh Hoa Province Is there a An approved management plan exists but it is only being 2 A management Plan (2005-2009) has been management plan partially implemented because of funding constraints or developed by NR Management Board in and is it being other problems collaboration with SNV staff consultants in implemented? An approved management plan exists and is being 3 2004 but there no budget for implementation implemented Planning 8. Annual work No annual work plan exists 0 NR Management board develops annual work plan An annual work plan and actions but activities are not 1 plan based on available budget from Province monitored against this budget and Programme 661. Is there an annual An annual work plan exists and actions are monitored 2 The annual plan was monitored however work plan? against this, but many activities are not completed many activities described in Investment Plan An annual work plan exists, and actions are monitored 3 can not implement due to lack of fund. Planning/Outputs against this and most or all prescribed activities are completed 9. Resource There is little or no information available on the critical 0 There was a very preliminary biodiversity survey inventory habitats, species and cultural values of the protected area for development of Investment plan in 1998 Information on the critical habitats, species and 1 Baseline assessment of NR biodiversity and Do you have enough cultural values of the protected area is not sufficient to ecological studies of some endangered species information to support planning and decision making 181 Issue Criteria Score Comments manage the area? Information on the critical habitats, species and cultural 2 were planned to conduct, but no fund allocated for values of the protected area is sufficient for key areas of implementation planning/decision making but the necessary survey work is Lack of information on population station of Context not being maintained species of national and international Information concerning on the critical habitats, species and 3 conservation significance cultural values of the protected area is sufficient to support planning and decision making and is being maintained 10. Research There is no survey of research work 0 There is planned baseline biodiversity assessment Is there a programme There is some ad hoc survey and research work 1 in Investment plan but not yet implemented of management- There is considerable survey and research work but no 2 There is no research of biodiversity in NR orientated survey overall programme and research work? There is a comprehensive, integrated programme of survey 3 Inputs and research work 11. Resource Requirements for active management of critical 0 Lack of basic information on status, management ecosystems, species and cultural values have not been distribution and habitat requirement of species assessed of national and international conservation Is the protected area Requirements for active management of critical 1 significance. adequately managed ecosystems, species and cultural values are known but are There is no plan/strategies for management of (e.g. for fire, not being addressed key ecosystem and species invasive species, Requirements for active management of critical 2 poaching)? ecosystems, species and cultural values are only being Process partially addressed Requirements for active management of critical 3 ecosystems, species and cultural values are being substantially or fully addressed 182 Issue Criteria Score Comments 12. Staff numbers There are no staff 0 Management board now has 38 members Are there enough Staff numbers are so inadequate that they seriously hamper 1 while 45 members requested as in approved people employed to site management Investment Plan manage the Staff numbers are below optimum level 2 Most of staff members lack of conservation protected area? experience and knowledge Inputs Staff numbers, are in tune with the management needs of 3 the site 13. Staff training Staff are untrained 0 All staff members of NR Management Board Is there enough Staff training and skills are inadequate for the needs of the 1 have not received any training on training for staff? protected area conservation knowledge and skills Staff training and skills are acceptable, but could be further 2 Inputs/Process improved to fully achieve the goals/objectives of management Staff training and skills are perfectly in tune with the 3 management needs of the site 14. Current budget There is no budget for the protected area 0 Annual budget comes from 2 sources: Is the current budget The available budget is inadequate and presents a 1 Provincial budget (Thanh Hoa) which will sufficient? serious constraint to the capacity to manage generally pay for salary of staff members and The available budget is acceptable, but could be further 2 NR protection activities. improved to fully achieve effective management Inputs The available budget is sufficient and meets the 3 National Programme 661 to pay for management needs of the site contracting local communities to protect forest and forest fire prevention activities. This Programme will finish in 2010 . Budget is not enough to implement of activities planned in Investment Plan 15. Security of There is no secure budget for the protected area and 0 Budget portion from Provincial budget management is wholly reliant on outside funding administration budget is secure but not 183 Issue Criteria Score Comments There is very little secure budget and the protected 1 enough to implement all activities in Is the budget secure? area could not function adequately without outside Investment Plan, especially conservation and funding research Inputs There is a reasonably secure core budget for the protected 2 area but many innovations and initiatives are reliant on outside funding There is a secure budget for the protected area and its 3 management needs 16. Management of Budget management is very bad and significantly 0 Accountant need better training on budget budget undermines effectiveness management Is the budget Budget management is poor and constrains effectiveness 1 managed well Budget management is adequate but could be improved 2 enough? Budget management is excellent and aids effectiveness 3 Process 17. Maintenance No maintenance of equipment/facilities is undertaken 0 Received budget is poor not enough for regular Is equipment Maintenance is undertaken only on an ad hoc or 1 maintenance adequately emergency basis maintained? Most equipment/facilities are regularly maintained 2 Process All equipment/facilities are regularly maintained 3 18. Personnel Problems with personnel management significantly 0 Management Board has a personnel planning management constrain management effectiveness with clear duty designated to each staff Are the staff Problems with personnel management partially constrain 1 members, however, policy of periodical managed well management effectiveness change of forest rangers makes the planning enough? difficult Personnel management is adequate but could be 2 Process improved Personnel management is excellent and aids effectiveness 3 19. Communication There is little or no communication between managers and 0 There is communication between managers and and outreach stakeholders involved in the protected area 184 Issue Criteria Score Comments There is communication between managers and 1 stakeholders for information exchange on ad hoc Is there a planned stakeholders but this is ad hoc and not part of a basis communication and planned communication programme outreach There is a planned communication programme that is being 2 programme? used to build support for the protected area amongst relevant stakeholders but implementation is limited Process There is a planned communication programme that is being 3 used to build support for the protected area amongst relevant stakeholders 20. State and There is no contact between managers and neighboring 0 There is collaboration with local authorities commercial official or corporate land users and related agencies, however, the neighbours There is limited contact between managers and 1 collaboration is still low effective neighboring official or corporate land users There is no plan for regular cooperation Is there cooperation There is regular contact between managers and 2 with adjacent land neighboring official or corporate land users, but only users? limited co-operation Process There is regular contact between managers and 3 neighbouring official or corporate land users, and substantial cooperation on management 21. Indigenous Indigenous and traditional peoples have no input into 0 Not all, but some management decisions such people decisions relating to its management as boundary demarcation, forest protection Do indigenous and Indigenous and traditional peoples have some input 1 contracting, etc. has direct involvement of traditional peoples into discussions relating to its management but no indigenous people. resident or regularly direct involvement in decisions Management Plan is developed with using the PA have Indigenous and traditional peoples directly contribute to 2 consultancy of local communities but not yet input to management some decisions relating to its management implemented decisions? Indigenous and traditional peoples directly contribute to all 3 Process decisions relating to its management 185 Issue Criteria Score Comments 22. Local Local communities have no input into decisions relating to 0 Not all, but some management decisions such communities its management as boundary demarcation, forest protection Do local Local communities have some input into discussions 1 contracting, etc. has direct involvement of communities relating to its management but no direct involvement in indigenous people. resident or near the the resulting decisions Management Plan is developed with protected area have Local communities directly contribute to some decisions 2 consultancy of local communities but not yet input to management relating to its management implemented decisions? Local communities directly contribute to most decisions 3 Process relating to its management 23. Visitor facilities There are no visitor facilities and services 0 The NR has good potential for tourism Are visitor facilities Visitor facilities and services are inadequate for current 1 development but no facilities are developed (for tourists, pilgrims levels of visitation etc) good enough? Visitor facilities and services are adequate for current 2 Outputs levels of visitation Visitor facilities and services are excellent for current 3 levels of visitation 24. Commercial There is little or no contact between managers and 0 Not evaluated tourism tourism operators using the protected area Do commercial tour There is contact between managers and tourism operators 1 operators contribute but this is largely confined to administrative or regulatory to protected area matters management? There is limited co-operation between managers and 2 tourism operators to enhance visitor experiences and Process protect park values There is excellent co-operation between managers and 3 tourism operators to enhance visitor experiences and protect park values 25. Tourism fees There is no fee for visiting the protected area 0 Not evaluated 186 Issue Criteria Score Comments Does the protected There is a fee for visiting the protected area, but it goes 1 area charge fees for straight to central government and is not returned to the tourists? park or its environs There is a fee for visiting the protected area, that ends up 2 Outputs with the local authority There is a fee for visiting the protected area that helps to 3 support this or other protected areas 26. Condition Many of the most important biodiversity, ecological and During first stage of investment plan, some 0 assessment cultural values are being severely degraded protection activities have been conducted, Is the protected area Some of the most important biodiversity, ecological and wildlife hunting and forest products harvest 1 being managed cultural values are being severely degraded reduced in some level. Shortage of budget consistent to its Some biodiversity, ecological and cultural values are significantly reduces effectiveness of objectives? being partially degraded but the most important values 2 protection activities Outcomes have not been significantly impacted Lack of adequate information on NR Biodiversity, ecological and cultural values are biodiversity predominantly intact 3 There is no monitoring and evaluation system. 27. Access Protection systems (patrols, permits etc) are ineffective in 0 Lacks of patrol routes coming deeply inside assessment controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance with NR, current patrol mostly follows existing designated objectives road and Ma River in buffer zone Are the available Protection systems are only partially effective in 1 management controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance mechanisms working with designated objectives to control access or Protection systems are moderately effective in controlling 2 use? access or use of the reserve in accordance with designated objectives Outcomes Protection systems are largely or wholly effective in 3 controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance with designated objectives 187 Issue Criteria Score Comments 28. Economic There is little or no flow of economic benefits to local 0 Contracting forest for protection and for benefit assessment communities from the existence of the protected area natural generation brings some economic There is some flow of economic benefits to local 1 benefit to local communities though still Is the protected area communities from the existence of the protected area but limited providing economic this is of minor significance to the regional economy. assessments to local There is a flow of economic benefits to local communities 2 communities? from the existence of the protected area and this is of moderate or greater significance to the regional economy but most of this benefit accrues from activities outside the park boundary (e.g. spending by visitors getting to the park). Outcomes There is a major flow of economic benefits to local 3 communities from the existence of the protected area and a significant proportion of this derives from activities on the park (e.g. employment of locals, locally operated commercial tours etc). 29. Monitoring and There is no attempt at monitoring and evaluation in the 0 There is no system of evaluation criteria evaluation protected area NR staff members have no experience development of monitoring system There is some ad hoc monitoring and evaluation, but no 1 Lacks of equipment for monitoring and Planning/Process overall strategy and/or no regular collection of results evaluation There is an agreed and implemented monitoring and 2 evaluation system but results are not systematically used for management A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation exists, is well 3 implemented and used in adaptive management TOTAL SCORE (MAXIMUM POSSIBLE SCORE 91): 31/91 188 III. THREATS ASSESSMENT Direct threat Description Ranking 1. Illegal timber Illegal timber extraction from NR is made by local residents and occurs all around year, but with small scale, 3 extraction mainly selected cutting of some valuable timber species such as Parashorea chinensis, Manglietia fordiana, Michelia spp., Chukrasia tabularis, Fokenia sp., etc. Illegal timber extraction occurs in areas close to villages or in boundary areas. Local residents cut timbers for local use (house construction, making instruments) and also for sale. The demand of timber for house construction of local communities are very high. The reason is that local residents are too poor to make brick houses and also local ethnic groups (Thai and Muong) want to keep their long tradition of living in wooden houses on stilts. As usually, one wooden house in stilts needs about 20-39 m3 of timber and in order to have this amount of timber, the people have to cut a bout 50- 100m3 of round wood. Illegal timber extraction leads to degradation of forest quality, modification of forest structure and species composition, destruction of forest canopy that is very important for many endangered animal species. 2. Hunting Hunting and trapping wildlife in NR is taken mainly by local residents. This is a long tradition of local ethnic 1 and Trapping communities. Wild animals are hunted by guns, hunting dogs, bows and many kind of traps, of which hunting wildlife by guns and dogs are the most dangerous to wildlife. Management board of Pu Hu NR in collaboration with local authorities have conducted campaign for confiscation of guns from buffer zone communes, however, due to gun use is a long tradition of local ethnic minorities and they can produce hunting guns themselves, the guns continue to be used for hunting in the area. It is very difficult for enforcement people to control the guns because the hunters usually hide their guns in forests. Hunting occurs all around year (mostly from October to March next year). The hunters kill or catch any animals they encounter in forest. In the past, hunted animals were mainly for local use as supplementary food to their families, however, now hunted large animals are for sale to local restaurants or transported to big towns and cities for sale. 189 3. Forest Local ethnic groups (Thai, Muong, and H'Mong people) has a long tradition of shifting cultivation. At present, 2 clearance for this practice is still commonly used due to various reasons such as slope land, limited land area for cultivation, agriculture lack of irrigation system, disadvantage cultivation technology that lead to rapid soil erosion and fertile cultivation degradation. Upland fields are usually made by clearance of old field land, scrublands, grasslands and regenerating young forests. However, local people (especially, H'Mong minority) also often clear forests of NR which are situated close to villages for their upland field. The reason is that local people face with limitation of cultivation land and tend to increase their land, and mainly, forest land of NR is always has higher fertility. At present, Co Cai village of Trung Ly commune is still located deep inside strict protection zone of NR which cause very high risk of NR's forest clearance for agriculture cultivation. The risk of NR's forest clearance is also high in buffer zone villages, especially, villages of H'Mong people. It also often happens in Phu Son, Thanh Xuan and Trung Ly communes. Forest clearance for agriculture cultivation is the most dangerous threat, that cause forest loss and disturbance of normal forest restoration. 4. Over- Local residents have long tradition of harvesting and use of many kinds of NTFPs. Some kinds of now commonly 4 harvesting harvested NTFPs are medicine plants, rattans, bamboos, young bamboo shoots, fuelwood, honey, orchids, palm NTFPs leaves, weed plants, etc. Except for palm leave which are used mainly locally for house roof making and for fuel, other products are collected mainly for sale. Various family members can do NTFPs harvesting. Depending on kind of products, harvesting may occurs seasonally or all around year. Harvested products are sold locally because traders usually come directly to villages or commune centre for buying. Un-controlled over-harvesting of NTFPs has made several kind of products become rare or exhausted in the area such as sent wood Aquilaria sp., rattans, medicine plant Elettaria cardamomum, etc. This activities can cause great disturbance to wildlife habitats in the NR. 5. Forest fire The reasons of forest fires are annual field burning or use of fire in forest by hunters, bee honey collectors, etc. 5 Forest fires often occur in dry season from November to May next year in Ecological Restoration of NR. At present, influence of forest fire on NR's biodiversity is small, however, the risk of forest fire is high and it can lead to damage of forest area, degradation forest quality, disturbance of natural forest regeneration. 6. Free-ranging Lack of cattle raising ground is the reason of widespread free-ranging cattle raising practice in Pu Hu NR. 6 cattle raising Buffaloes, cows and goats are left free in NR's forest, and will be taken back to villages when the hosts need them for working or for sale. Local authorities still have no regulations for management of cattle raising. 190 191 ANNEX 7. CONSERVATION NEED ASSESSMENT OF XUAN NHA NATURE RESERVE I. GENERAL INFORMATION Assessment team: Management Board of Xuan Nha NR: Dinh Van Thuan (Director), Nguyen Hung Chien (Technical officer) Consultants: Nguyen Xuan Dang, Dang Ngoc Can, Ngo Xuan Tuong Date: 7 May 2008 Name of protected area Xuan Nha Nature Reserve Location of protected area Coordinate: 20034'45" - 20054'54" N; 104028'42" ­ 104050'26"E In territory of Moc Chau District, Son La Province Date of establishment Decision 194/CP, dated 19 August 1986 of Chairman Ministers Council (now, Prime Minister). Decision 3440/2002/Q-UB, dated 11December 2002 of Chairman of Son La Provincial People Committee on establishment of Management board of Xuan Nha NR Ownership details Management Board of Xuan Nha NR Management Authority Forest Protection Department of Son La Province Size of protected area (ha) - At Decision 2288/QD-UBND, dated 16 August 2004 of Chairman of Son La Province People Committee, NR area: 27.084 ha. - At Decision 2955/ Q-UBND, dated 17 December 2007 of Chairman of Son La Province People Committee, NR area: 16.316,8 ha . - Buffer zone: 27.306,2ha . Designations (IUCN category) Nature Reserve. IUCN Category Ib (Wilderness Area). Brief details of government National Programme 661 projects in protected areas List of top two protected area objectives Objective 1 Protection of Tropical and Sub-tropical forest ecosystems of Northwest Vietnam and Son La Province in particular Objective 2 Conservation of precious and rare species of flora and fauna existing in NR Objective 3 Watershed protection for Ma and Da rivers; environment protection and climate regulation for Moc Chau, Mai Chau District (Son La Province), and Ba Thuoc District (Thanh Hoa Province). 191 II. ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT CAPACITY (Quadrate with bold letters is selected one as best reflects situation of assessed NR) Issue Criteria Score Comments 1. Legal status The protected area is not gazetted 0 · Decision 194/CP, dated 19 August 1986 of Chairman Ministers Council (now, Prime Does the park have The government has agreed that the protected area should 1 Minister). legal status? be gazetted but has done nothing about it as yet · Decision 3440/2002/Q-UB, dated 11 The protected area is in the process of being gazetted but 2 December 2002 of Chairman of Son La the process is still incomplete Provincial People Committee on The protected area has been legally gazetted (or in the 3 establishment of Management board of Xuan case of private reserves is owned by a trust or similar) Nha NR 2. Protected area Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 0 Staff members lack of conservation regulations activities in the protected area are not in place experience Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and Lack of equipment for conservation activities Are inappropriate activities in the protected area exist but there are major 1 High pressure from 3 buffer zone communes, land uses and problems in implementing them effectively especially, H'Mong minority with very strong activities (e.g. Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 2 tradition of nomadic life, shifting cultivation, poaching) activities in the protected area exist but there are some wildlife hunting and free-ranging cattle controlled? problems in effectively implementing them There is 4 villages of H'Mong Minority Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 3 situated inside NR. Son La PC already Context activities in the protected area exist and are being decided to remove these villages out of NR effectively implemented In 2006-2007, Management Board in collaboration with local authorities revised the boundary to exclude villages and agriculture land from NR boundary 3. Law The staff have no effective capacity to enforce protected 0 Management Board now has 23 staff members, of enforcement area legislation and regulations which 10 have experience in law enforcement, There are major deficiencies in staff capacity to enforce 1 others are young with limited professional Can staff enforce protected area legislation and regulations (e.g. lack of experience and has not receive appropriate protected area rules skills, low patrol capacity) 192 Issue Criteria Score Comments well enough? The staff have acceptable capacity to enforce protected 2 training on law enforcement and conservation area legislation and regulations but some deficiencies skill. Context remain The staff have excellent capacity to enforce protected area 3 legislation and regulations 4. Protected area No firm objectives have been agreed for the protected area 0 General management objectives of NR were objectives There are some objectives, but these are out-dated and bear 1 defined by a group scientists and approved in little resemblance to the way that the site is managed stakeholders workshop, however, detailed Have objectives There are clear objectives for the establishment and 2 objectives are not determined been agreed? management of the protected area, but these were set by a few professionals Planning The protected area has clear objectives agreed by a wide 3 range of stakeholders 5. Protected area Inadequacies in boundary design mean that achievement of 0 In general, boundary design is suitable for boundary design major objectives of the protected area is impossible biodiversity conservation, however, in the Does the protected Inadequacies in boundary design mean that 1 field, the boundary is not clear in some areas area need enlarging, achievement of major objectives of the protected area causing difficulty for NR management corridors etc to meet are constrained to some extent NR boundary was revised in 2007 to exclude its objectives? Boundary design is not constraining achievement of major 2 5 compartments for protection forest and Planning objectives of the protected area agriculture land, Local communities do not Reserve design features are significantly aiding 3 know new boundary achievement of major objectives of the protected area There is 5 villages located inside Strict Protection Zone of NR: Ban Lun, Ban Lay, A Lang, Cot Moc and Sa Lai Communes causing much difficulties for NR management 193 Issue Criteria Score Comments 6. Protected area The boundary of the protected area is not known by the 0 NR boundary was revised in 2007 to exclude boundary management authority or local residents 5 compartments for protection forest and demarcation The boundary of the protected area is known by the 1 agriculture land, Local communities do not management authority but is not known by local know new boundary Is the boundary residents A number old boundary posts and sign-boards known and The boundary of the protected area is known by both the 2 have been spoiled should be renovated demarcated? management authority and local residents but is not fully Most of local residents do not know the NR demarcated boundary Context The boundary of the protected area is known by the 3 management authority and local residents and is fully . demarcated 7. Management There is no management plan for the protected area 0 Investment plan was and approved in 2004 by plan A management plan is being prepared or has been prepared 1 People Committee of Son La Province but is not being implemented (Decision 2288/ Q-UBND, dated 16 August Is there a An approved management plan exists but it is only 2 2004 of Chairman of People Committee of management plan being partially implemented because of funding Son La Province) however mostly not yet and is it being constraints or other problems implemented due lack of budget and other implemented? An approved management plan exists and is being 3 reasons Planning implemented 194 Issue Criteria Score Comments 8. Annual work No annual work plan exists 0 NR Management board develops annual work plan An annual work plan and actions but activities are not 1 plan but focusing on law enforcement not yet monitored against this conservation activities. Is there an annual An annual work plan exists and actions are monitored 2 Annual plan was developed based on work plan? against this, but many activities are not completed available budget allocated from Provincial An annual work plan exists, and actions are monitored 3 administration budget Planning/Outputs against this and most or all prescribed activities are Management Plan was developed for 2005- completed 2009 by Management board and Netherlands SNV consultants but no budget for implementation The annual plan was monitored however many activities described in Investment Plan can not implement due to lack of fund. 9. Resource There is little or no information available on the critical 0 A biodiversity assessment was conducted in inventory habitats, species and cultural values of the protected area 2005-2006, however, limited results obtained and Information on the critical habitats, species and cultural 1 no monitoring programme developed Do you have enough values of the protected area is not sufficient to support There is limited information on population information to planning and decision making station of key species not enough to develop manage the area? Information on the critical habitats, species and 2 monitoring programme cultural values of the protected area is sufficient for key areas of planning/decision making but the necessary Context survey work is not being maintained Information concerning on the critical habitats, species and 3 cultural values of the protected area is sufficient to support planning and decision making and is being maintained 10. Research There is no survey of research work 0 There is no management- oriented research of Is there a programme There is some ad hoc survey and research work 1 biodiversity in NR of management- There is considerable survey and research work but no 2 orientated survey overall programme 195 Issue Criteria Score Comments and research work? There is a comprehensive, integrated programme of survey 3 Inputs and research work 11. Resource Requirements for active management of critical 0 Important ecosystems and species of high management ecosystems, species and cultural values have not been conservation significance are known but no assessed conservation action conducted Is the protected area Requirements for active management of critical 1 Due to limited budget, there no plan for adequately managed ecosystems, species and cultural values are known but conservation of key ecosystems and species, (e.g. for fire, are not being addressed at present, NR focuses only on management invasive species, Requirements for active management of critical 2 activities and some re-forestation activities poaching)? ecosystems, species and cultural values are only being Process partially addressed Requirements for active management of critical 3 ecosystems, species and cultural values are being substantially or fully addressed 12. Staff numbers There are no staff 0 Management Board has 23 staff members Are there enough Staff numbers are so inadequate that they seriously hamper 1 (only 9 has permanent staff membership other people employed to site management are contracted members) with 4 university manage the Staff numbers are below optimum level 2 graduated and others forestry vocational protected area? school graduated or without vocational Inputs Staff numbers, are in tune with the management needs of 3 training the site Most of staff members lack of conservation experience and knowledge 13. Staff training Staff are untrained 0 All staff members of NR Management Board Is there enough Staff training and skills are inadequate for the needs of 1 have not received any training on training for staff? the protected area conservation knowledge and skills Staff training and skills are acceptable, but could be further 2 Inputs/Process improved to fully achieve the goals/objectives of management 196 Issue Criteria Score Comments Staff training and skills are perfectly in tune with the 3 management needs of the site 14. Current budget There is no budget for the protected area 0 Annual budget comes from 2 sources: Is the current budget The available budget is inadequate and presents a 1 Provincial budget (Son La) which will sufficient? serious constraint to the capacity to manage generally pay for salary of staff members and The available budget is acceptable, but could be further 2 NR protection activities (about 60 million improved to fully achieve effective management VND per year) Inputs The available budget is sufficient and meets the 3 National Programme 661 to pay for management needs of the site contracting local communities to protect forest and forest fire prevention activities (2007: 350 million VND, 2008: no more). 15. Security of There is no secure budget for the protected area and 0 Budget portion from Provincial budget management is wholly reliant on outside funding administration budget is secure but not There is very little secure budget and the protected 1 enough to implement all activities in Is the budget secure? area could not function adequately without outside Investment Plan, especially conservation and funding research Inputs There is a reasonably secure core budget for the protected 2 area but many innovations and initiatives are reliant on outside funding There is a secure budget for the protected area and its 3 management needs 16. Management of Budget management is very bad and significantly 0 Accountant graduated Forestry University, need budget undermines effectiveness better training on budget management Is the budget Budget management is poor and constrains effectiveness 1 managed well Budget management is adequate but could be improved 2 enough? Budget management is excellent and aids effectiveness 3 Process 17. Maintenance No maintenance of equipment/facilities is undertaken 0 One Car (Yaz) and one computer have regular 197 Issue Criteria Score Comments Is equipment Maintenance is undertaken only on an ad hoc or 1 maintenance adequately emergency basis maintained? Most equipment/facilities are regularly maintained 2 Process All equipment/facilities are regularly maintained 3 18. Personnel Problems with personnel management significantly 0 Management Board needs more staff management constrain management effectiveness members, clear duty assignment should be Are the staff Problems with personnel management partially constrain 1 made managed well management effectiveness enough? Personnel management is adequate but could be 2 Process improved Personnel management is excellent and aids effectiveness 3 19. Communication There is little or no communication between managers and 0 There is monthly meeting with border army and outreach stakeholders involved in the protected area chiefs and local authorities for information There is communication between managers and 1 exchange and cooperation, however, cooperation Is there a planned stakeholders but this is ad hoc and not part of a planned is less effective due to limitation of fund communication and communication programme outreach There is a planned communication programme that is 2 programme? being used to build support for the protected area amongst relevant stakeholders but implementation is Process limited There is a planned communication programme that is being 3 used to build support for the protected area amongst relevant stakeholders 198 Issue Criteria Score Comments 20. State and There is no contact between managers and neighboring 0 There is collaboration with local authorities, commercial official or corporate land users border army and related agencies, however, neighbours There is limited contact between managers and 1 the collaboration is still low effective neighboring official or corporate land users Is there cooperation There is regular contact between managers and 2 with adjacent land neighboring official or corporate land users, but only users? limited co-operation Process There is regular contact between managers and 3 neighbouring official or corporate land users, and substantial cooperation on management 21. Indigenous Indigenous and traditional peoples have no input into 0 Indigenous and traditional peoples are not people decisions relating to its management involved into making management decision Do indigenous and Indigenous and traditional peoples have some input 1 however, before application of any management traditional peoples into discussions relating to its management but no decision Management board has a meeting with resident or regularly direct involvement in decisions them for agreement. using the PA have Indigenous and traditional peoples directly contribute to 2 input to management some decisions relating to its management decisions? Indigenous and traditional peoples directly contribute to all 3 Process decisions relating to its management 22. Local Local communities have no input into decisions relating to 0 Local communities are consulted but not directly communities its management involved in making management decisions Do local Local communities have some input into discussions 1 communities relating to its management but no direct involvement in resident or near the the resulting decisions protected area have Local communities directly contribute to some decisions 2 input to management relating to its management decisions? Local communities directly contribute to most decisions 3 Process relating to its management 199 Issue Criteria Score Comments 23. Visitor facilities There are no visitor facilities and services 0 The NR has good potential for tourism Are visitor facilities Visitor facilities and services are inadequate for current 1 development but no facilities are developed (for tourists, pilgrims levels of visitation etc) good enough? Visitor facilities and services are adequate for current 2 Outputs levels of visitation Visitor facilities and services are excellent for current 3 levels of visitation 24. Commercial There is little or no contact between managers and 0 Not evaluated tourism tourism operators using the protected area Do commercial tour There is contact between managers and tourism operators 1 operators contribute but this is largely confined to administrative or regulatory to protected area matters management? There is limited co-operation between managers and 2 tourism operators to enhance visitor experiences and Process protect park values There is excellent co-operation between managers and 3 tourism operators to enhance visitor experiences and protect park values 25. Tourism fees There is no fee for visiting the protected area 0 Not evaluated Does the protected There is a fee for visiting the protected area, but it goes 1 area charge fees for straight to central government and is not returned to the tourists? park or its environs There is a fee for visiting the protected area, that ends up 2 Outputs with the local authority There is a fee for visiting the protected area that helps to 3 support this or other protected areas 26. Condition Many of the most important biodiversity, ecological and Lack of adequate information on NR 0 assessment cultural values are being severely degraded 200 Issue Criteria Score Comments Is the protected area Some of the most important biodiversity, ecological and biodiversity. There is no monitoring and 1 being managed cultural values are being severely degraded evaluation system. consistent to its Some biodiversity, ecological and cultural values are objectives? being partially degraded but the most important values 2 Outcomes have not been significantly impacted Biodiversity, ecological and cultural values are 3 predominantly intact 27. Access Protection systems (patrols, permits etc) are ineffective in 0 NR has 4 Guard Station (each station has 3-4 assessment controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance with rangers), however, 3 station has no designated objectives communication system, together with Are the available Protection systems are only partially effective in 1 complicated terrain and villages situated inside management controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance NR, therefore, very difficult to control access to mechanisms working with designated objectives NR to control access or Protection systems are moderately effective in controlling 2 use? access or use of the reserve in accordance with designated objectives Outcomes Protection systems are largely or wholly effective in 3 controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance with designated objectives 28. Economic There is little or no flow of economic benefits to local 0 Contracting forest for protection and for benefit assessment communities from the existence of the protected area natural generation brings some economic There is some flow of economic benefits to local 1 benefit to local communities though still Is the protected area communities from the existence of the protected area limited providing economic but this is of minor significance to the regional assessments to local economy. 201 Issue Criteria Score Comments communities? There is a flow of economic benefits to local communities 2 from the existence of the protected area and this is of moderate or greater significance to the regional economy but most of this benefit accrues from activities outside the park boundary (e.g. spending by visitors getting to the Outcomes park). There is a major flow of economic benefits to local 3 communities from the existence of the protected area and a significant proportion of this derives from activities on the park (e.g. employment of locals, locally operated commercial tours etc). 29. Monitoring and There is no attempt at monitoring and evaluation in the 0 There is no system of evaluation criteria evaluation protected area NR staff members have no experience development of monitoring system There is some ad hoc monitoring and evaluation, but no 1 Lacks of equipment for monitoring and overall strategy and/or no regular collection of results Planning/Process evaluation There is an agreed and implemented monitoring and 2 evaluation system but results are not systematically used for management A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation exists, is well 3 implemented and used in adaptive management TOTAL SCORE (MAXIMUM POSSIBLE SCORE 91): 36/91 202 III. THREATS ASSESSMENT Direct threat Description Ranking 1. Illegal timber Illegal timber extraction from NR is made by local residents and occurs all around year, but with small scale, 3 extraction mainly selected cutting of some valuable timber species such as Parashorea chinensis, Manglietia fordiana, Michelia spp., Chukrasia tabularis, Fokenia sp., etc. Illegal timber extraction occurs in areas close to villages or in boundary areas. Local residents cut timbers for local use (house construction, making instruments) and sometimes for sale. Illegal timber extraction often occurs in Pha Luong village of Truong Son communes. The timbers are chopped into short pieces anf transported to Moc Chau Town for sale. 2. Hunting Hunting and trapping wildlife in NR is taken mainly by local residents. This is a long tradition of local ethnic 1 and Trapping communities. Wild animals are hunted by guns, hunting dogs, bows and many kind of traps. Management wildlife board of Xuan Nha NR in collaboration with local authorities have conducted campaign for confiscation of guns from buffer zone communes, however, the guns continue to be used for hunting in the area. It is very difficult for enforcement people to control the guns because the hunters usually hide their guns in forests. 3. Forest Local ethnic groups (Thai, Muong, and H'Mong people) has a long tradition of shifting cultivation. At present, 2 clearance for this practice is still commonly used due to various reasons such as slope land, limited land area for cultivation, agriculture lack of irrigation system, disadvantage cultivation technology that lead to rapid soil erosion and fertile cultivation degradation. During recent year, market demand for corn seeds is increased encouraging local people clear NR forest for more cultivated land. 4. Over- Local residents have long tradition of harvesting and use of many kinds of NTFPs. Bamboos for house making and 4 harvesting for sale, young bamboo shots and various vegetables are for local use and for sale. Commercial harvest of young NTFPs bamboo shoots is more dangerous to NR now. 203 5. Forest fire The reasons of forest fires are annual field burning or use of fire in forest by hunters, bee honey collectors, etc. 5 and also very hot and dry western wind (Lao wind). NR has no facilities/equipment of effective control of forest fire. In 2005, 106.6 ha was burned, 2006-2007: no large fires. 6. Free-ranging Buffaloes, cows and goats are left free in NR's forest, and will be taken back to villages when the hosts need 6 cattle raising them for working or for sale. Local authorities still have no cattle raising ground and no regulations for management of cattle raising. 7. Villages, communes and districts sharing territory with NRs and in NR buffer zones always have high demand 7 Infrastructure for development of infrastructure (roads, irrigation, hydropower works, etc.). A large road (3.5 m large) for development border control is being constructed along international Vietnam-Lao border. Another large road (3.0 ­ 3.5m) running across NR from National road no.6 (Van Ho) to Vietnam-Lao border is also being constructed. inside NRs (roads, irrigation works, etc.) 204 ANNEX 8. CONSERVATION NEED ASSESSMENT OF HANG KIA ­ PA CO NATURE RESERVE I. GENERAL INFORMATION Assessment team: Management Board of Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR: Nguyen Manh Dan (Director), Vu Quoc Hung (Deputy-Director), Tran Manh Cuong (Technical officer) Consultants: Nguyen Xuan Dang, Dang Ngoc Can, Ngo Xuan Tuong, Le Tran Chan Date: 10 May 2008 Name of protected area Hang Kia ­ Pa Co Nature Reserve Location of protected area Coordinate: 200 40' 30''- 200 45' 30' N; 105051' 20''- 1050 00' 35''E In territory of Mai Chau District, Hoa Binh Province Date of establishment - NR was Gazetted by Decision 194/CP, dated 19 August 1986 of Chairman Ministers Council (now, Prime Minister) - Management board was establishment by Decision 453/QUB, dated 23 May 2000 of Chairman of Hoa Binh Provincial People Committee Ownership details Management Board of Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR Management Authority Forest Protection Department of Hoa Binh Province Size of protected area (ha) 7,091ha (Strict Protection Zone: 2,680.8ha, Ecological Restoration Zone: 4,410.2ha) Designations (IUCN category) Nature Reserve. IUCN Category Ib (Wilderness Area). Brief details of government National Programme 661 projects in protected areas List of top two protected area objectives Objective 1 Protection of forest ecosystems of Northwest Vietnam and North Truong Son Range in particular, Conservation gene pool Objective 2 Protection of natural environment Objective 3 Support socioeconomic development of mountainous communes 205 II. ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT CAPACITY (Quadrate with bold letters is selected one as best reflects situation of assessed NR) Issue Criteria Score Comments 1. Legal status The protected area is not gazetted 0 · NR was Gazetted by Decision 194/CP, dated 19 August 1986 of Chairman Ministers Does the park have The government has agreed that the protected area should 1 Council (now, Prime Minister) legal status? be gazetted but has done nothing about it as yet · Management board was establishment by The protected area is in the process of being gazetted but 2 Decision 453/QUB, dated 23 May 2000 of the process is still incomplete Chairman of Hoa Binh Provincial People The protected area has been legally gazetted (or in the 3 Committee case of private reserves is owned by a trust or similar) 2. Protected area Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 0 Staff members lack of conservation regulations activities in the protected area are not in place experience Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and Lack of equipment for conservation activities Are inappropriate activities in the protected area exist but there are major 1 There is a numbers of villages and agriculture land uses and problems in implementing them effectively lands inside NR activities (e.g. Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 2 In 2006-2007, Management Board in poaching) activities in the protected area exist but there are some collaboration with local authorities revised the controlled? problems in effectively implementing them boundary to exclude villages and agriculture Mechanisms for controlling inappropriate land use and 3 land from NR boundary Context activities in the protected area exist and are being Forest clearance for agriculture land and effectively implemented harvest of NTFPs is severe 3. Law The staff have no effective capacity to enforce protected 0 · Management Board of Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR enforcement area legislation and regulations has 13 staff members (2 graduated university, There are major deficiencies in staff capacity to enforce 1 10 graduated forestry vocational school. Can staff enforce protected area legislation and regulations (e.g. lack of protected area rules skills, low patrol capacity) · Staff members lack of conservation well enough? The staff have acceptable capacity to enforce protected 2 knowledge and skill area legislation and regulations but some deficiencies · Governmental support to livelihood of local Context remain 206 Issue Criteria Score Comments The staff have excellent capacity to enforce protected area 3 communities is limited legislation and regulations 4. Protected area No firm objectives have been agreed for the protected area 0 Management objectives of NR were clear and objectives There are some objectives, but these are out-dated and bear 1 agreed by stakeholders: local authorities, related little resemblance to the way that the site is managed agencies/organizations. All villages know the Have objectives There are clear objectives for the establishment and 2 management objectives of NR been agreed? management of the protected area, but these were set by a few professionals Planning The protected area has clear objectives agreed by a 3 wide range of stakeholders 5. Protected area Inadequacies in boundary design mean that achievement of 0 Boundary design is suitable for biodiversity boundary design major objectives of the protected area is impossible conservation. Does the protected Inadequacies in boundary design mean that achievement of 1 There are some villages situated inside NR area need enlarging, major objectives of the protected area are constrained to however, management objectives can be corridors etc to meet some extent achieved its objectives? Boundary design is not constraining achievement of 2 Planning major objectives of the protected area Reserve design features are significantly aiding 3 achievement of major objectives of the protected area 6. Protected area The boundary of the protected area is not known by the 0 Local people clearly know the reserve boundary boundary management authority or local residents 207 Issue Criteria Score Comments The boundary of the protected area is known by the 1 management authority but is not known by local residents The boundary of the protected area is known by both the 2 management authority and local residents but is not fully demarcated The boundary of the protected area is known by the 3 management authority and local residents and is fully demarcated 7. Management There is no management plan for the protected area 0 First Investment plan was and approved in 1994 plan A management plan is being prepared or has been prepared 1 and revised investment plan for 2005-2010 was but is not being implemented approved in 2004 in by People Committee of Hoa Is there a An approved management plan exists but it is only 2 Binh Province, however, implementation of management plan being partially implemented because of funding conservation activities and researches is limited and is it being constraints or other problems due lack of budget and skill implemented? An approved management plan exists and is being 3 Planning implemented 8. Annual work No annual work plan exists 0 NR Management board develops annual work plan An annual work plan and actions but activities are not 1 plan based on limited available budget and but monitored against this focusing on law enforcement not yet conservation Is there an annual An annual work plan exists and actions are monitored 2 activities. work plan? against this, but many activities are not completed An annual work plan exists, and actions are monitored 3 Planning/Outputs against this and most or all prescribed activities are completed 9. Resource There is little or no information available on the critical 0 The first biodiversity assessment was conducted inventory habitats, species and cultural values of the protected area in 1994 and some other studies were conducted. Information on the critical habitats, species and 1 There is limited information on population Do you have enough cultural values of the protected area is not sufficient to station of key species not enough to develop information to support planning and decision making 208 Issue Criteria Score Comments manage the area? Information on the critical habitats, species and 2 monitoring programme cultural values of the protected area is sufficient for key areas of planning/decision making but the necessary Context survey work is not being maintained Information concerning on the critical habitats, species and 3 cultural values of the protected area is sufficient to support planning and decision making and is being maintained 10. Research There is no survey of research work 0 There is some baseline biodiversity surveys Is there a programme There is some ad hoc survey and research work 1 conducted by scientific institutes but of management- There is considerable survey and research work but no 2 Management board could not access to the orientated survey overall programme research results and research work? There is a comprehensive, integrated programme of survey 3 Inputs and research work 11. Resource Requirements for active management of critical 0 Important ecosystems and species of high management ecosystems, species and cultural values have not been conservation significance are known but no assessed conservation action conducted due to lack of fund Is the protected area Requirements for active management of critical 1 adequately managed ecosystems, species and cultural values are known but (e.g. for fire, are not being addressed invasive species, Requirements for active management of critical 2 poaching)? ecosystems, species and cultural values are only being Process partially addressed Requirements for active management of critical 3 ecosystems, species and cultural values are being substantially or fully addressed 209 Issue Criteria Score Comments 12. Staff numbers There are no staff 0 Management Board has 13 staff members, Are there enough Staff numbers are so inadequate that they seriously hamper 1 enough in allowable number, however, most people employed to site management of staff members lack of conservation manage the Staff numbers are below optimum level 2 experience and knowledge protected area? Inputs Staff numbers, are in tune with the management needs 3 of the site 13. Staff training Staff are untrained 0 Some staff members of NR Management Is there enough Staff training and skills are inadequate for the needs of the 1 Board have received training on biodiversity training for staff? protected area research and monitoring, however, more Staff training and skills are acceptable, but could be 2 training is necessary. Inputs/Process further improved to fully achieve the goals/objectives of management Staff training and skills are perfectly in tune with the 3 management needs of the site 14. Current budget There is no budget for the protected area 0 Annual budget comes from 2 sources: Is the current budget The available budget is inadequate and presents a serious 1 Provincial budget (Hoa Binh) which will sufficient? constraint to the capacity to manage generally pay for salary of staff members and The available budget is acceptable, but could be further 2 NR protection activities (about 31 million improved to fully achieve effective management VND per year) Inputs The available budget is sufficient and meets the 3 National Programme 661 to pay for management needs of the site contracting local communities to protect forest and forest fire prevention activities (2007: 30 million VND, 2008: 30 millions VND). 15. Security of There is no secure budget for the protected area and 0 Budget portion from Provincial budget management is wholly reliant on outside funding administration budget is secure but not 210 Issue Criteria Score Comments There is very little secure budget and the protected 1 enough to implement all activities in Is the budget secure? area could not function adequately without outside Investment Plan, especially conservation and funding research Inputs There is a reasonably secure core budget for the protected 2 area but many innovations and initiatives are reliant on outside funding There is a secure budget for the protected area and its 3 management needs 16. Management of Budget management is very bad and significantly 0 Accountant need better training on budget budget undermines effectiveness management Is the budget Budget management is poor and constrains effectiveness 1 managed well Budget management is adequate but could be improved 2 enough? Budget management is excellent and aids effectiveness 3 Process 17. Maintenance No maintenance of equipment/facilities is undertaken 0 Management board has 1 car (Uaz), 2 computers, Is equipment Maintenance is undertaken only on an ad hoc or 1 1 GPS, 1 digital camera. All have regular adequately emergency basis maintenance maintained? Most equipment/facilities are regularly maintained 2 Process All equipment/facilities are regularly maintained 3 18. Personnel Problems with personnel management significantly 0 Management Board divided into 3 divisions: management constrain management effectiveness accountancy (2), Technical (1), Legislation Are the staff Problems with personnel management partially constrain 1 (1), the rest are rangers working in guard managed well management effectiveness stations. Some members need more training enough? Personnel management is adequate but could be 2 Process improved Personnel management is excellent and aids effectiveness 3 19. Communication There is little or no communication between managers and 0 · There is monthly meeting with local and outreach stakeholders involved in the protected area 211 Issue Criteria Score Comments There is communication between managers and 1 authorities and district rangers for information Is there a planned stakeholders but this is ad hoc and not part of a planned exchange and cooperation. Forest rangers communication and communication programme keep close contact with villages. outreach There is a planned communication programme that is 2 · Difficult terrain and existence of villages programme? being used to build support for the protected area inside NR make it difficult to control amongst relevant stakeholders but implementation is violation activities Process limited There is a planned communication programme that is being 3 used to build support for the protected area amongst relevant stakeholders 20. State and There is no contact between managers and neighboring 0 There is collaboration with local authorities, commercial official or corporate land users border army and related agencies, however, neighbours There is limited contact between managers and 1 the collaboration is still limited neighboring official or corporate land users Is there cooperation There is regular contact between managers and 2 with adjacent land neighboring official or corporate land users, but only users? limited co-operation Process There is regular contact between managers and 3 neighbouring official or corporate land users, and substantial cooperation on management 21. Indigenous Indigenous and traditional peoples have no input into 0 Indigenous people include H'Mong (60%), Dao people decisions relating to its management (5%), Muong (20%) and Thai (20%). Indigenous Do indigenous and Indigenous and traditional peoples have some input 1 and traditional peoples are not involved into traditional peoples into discussions relating to its management but no making management decision however, before resident or regularly direct involvement in decisions application of any management decision using the PA have · Indigenous and traditional peoples directly contribute 2 Management board has a meeting with them for input to management to some decisions relating to its management agreement. decisions? Indigenous and traditional peoples directly contribute to all 3 Process decisions relating to its management 212 Issue Criteria Score Comments 22. Local Local communities have no input into decisions relating to 0 Local communities are consulted but not directly communities its management involved in making management decisions Do local Local communities have some input into discussions 1 communities relating to its management but no direct involvement in resident or near the the resulting decisions protected area have Local communities directly contribute to some decisions 2 input to management relating to its management decisions? Local communities directly contribute to most decisions 3 Process relating to its management 23. Visitor facilities There are no visitor facilities and services 0 · The NR has good potential for tourism Are visitor facilities Visitor facilities and services are inadequate for current 1 development but no facilities are developed (for tourists, pilgrims levels of visitation · Some tourists come to NR under tour of Hoa etc) good enough? Visitor facilities and services are adequate for current 2 Binh Tourism without collaboration with NR Outputs levels of visitation management board. Province plan to make a Visitor facilities and services are excellent for current 3 tourism trail in NR. Tourists do not cause levels of visitation problem to NR management now. 24. Commercial There is little or no contact between managers and 0 No liaise between NR management board and tourism tourism operators using the protected area Tourism company Do commercial tour There is contact between managers and tourism operators 1 operators contribute but this is largely confined to administrative or regulatory to protected area matters management? There is limited co-operation between managers and 2 tourism operators to enhance visitor experiences and Process protect park values There is excellent co-operation between managers and 3 tourism operators to enhance visitor experiences and protect park values 25. Tourism fees There is no fee for visiting the protected area 0 213 Issue Criteria Score Comments Does the protected There is a fee for visiting the protected area, but it goes 1 area charge fees for straight to central government and is not returned to the tourists? park or its environs There is a fee for visiting the protected area, that ends up 2 Outputs with the local authority There is a fee for visiting the protected area that helps to 3 support this or other protected areas 26. Condition Many of the most important biodiversity, ecological and Lack of adequate information on NR 0 assessment cultural values are being severely degraded biodiversity. There is no monitoring and Is the protected area Some of the most important biodiversity, ecological and evaluation system. 1 being managed cultural values are being severely degraded consistent to its Some biodiversity, ecological and cultural values are objectives? being partially degraded but the most important values 2 Outcomes have not been significantly impacted Biodiversity, ecological and cultural values are 3 predominantly intact 27. Access Protection systems (patrols, permits etc) are ineffective in 0 Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR has headquarter offices assessment controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance with and 2 guard station firmly constructed. One designated objectives station has telephone communication, another can Are the available Protection systems are only partially effective in 1 management be assessed by mobile phone, however, controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance mechanisms working with designated objectives headquarter office still has neither telephone nor to control access or Protection systems are moderately effective in controlling 2 mobile communication. Office equipment and use? access or use of the reserve in accordance with designated equipment for enforcement, forest patrolling and objectives biodiversity monitoring is very poor. Outcomes Protection systems are largely or wholly effective in 3 controlling access or use of the reserve in accordance with designated objectives 28. Economic There is little or no flow of economic benefits to local 0 Contracting forest for protection and for benefit assessment communities from the existence of the protected area 214 Issue Criteria Score Comments There is some flow of economic benefits to local 1 natural generation brings some economic Is the protected area communities from the existence of the protected area benefit to local communities though still providing economic but this is of minor significance to the regional limited. Now, 120 households contracted for assessments to local economy. 300 ha forest. communities? There is a flow of economic benefits to local communities 2 from the existence of the protected area and this is of moderate or greater significance to the regional economy but most of this benefit accrues from activities outside the park boundary (e.g. spending by visitors getting to the Outcomes park). There is a major flow of economic benefits to local 3 communities from the existence of the protected area and a significant proportion of this derives from activities on the park (e.g. employment of locals, locally operated commercial tours etc). 29. Monitoring and There is no attempt at monitoring and evaluation in the 0 There is some ad hoc monitoring and evaluation protected area evaluation, but no overall NR staff members have no experience There is some ad hoc monitoring and evaluation, but no 1 development of monitoring system Lacks of Planning/Process overall strategy and/or no regular collection of results equipment for monitoring and evaluation There is an agreed and implemented monitoring and 2 evaluation system but results are not systematically used for management A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation exists, is well 3 implemented and used in adaptive management TOTAL SCORE (MAXIMUM POSSIBLE SCORE 91): 49/91 215 III. THREATS ASSESSMENT Direct threat Description Ranking 1. Illegal timber Illegal timber extraction from NR is made by local residents and occurs all around year, but with small scale, 1 extraction mainly selected cutting of some valuable timber species such as Parashorea chinensis, Manglietia fordiana, Michelia spp., Chukrasia tabularis, Fokenia sp., etc. Local residents cut timbers for local use (house construction, making instruments), not for sale. Most of forests of NR is limestone forests which have been undergone selected logging with low number of tall trees remained. Further timber extraction can lead to destruction of forest structure and reduction of habitat quality of many animal species. 2. Hunting Hunting and trapping wildlife in NR is taken mainly by local residents. This is a long tradition of local ethnic 2 and Trapping communities. Wild animals are hunted by guns, hunting dogs, bows and many kind of traps. Management wildlife board in collaboration with local authorities have conducted campaign for confiscation of guns from local communes, however, the guns continue to be used for hunting in the area. It is very difficult for enforcement people to control the guns because the hunters usually hide their guns in forests. Local people know that wildlife hunting is illegal and prohibited by NR rangers, however, they keep hunting for food and for sale. 3. Forest Due to many villages situated inside NR, forests in valley and lower slope have been cleared for agriculture 4 clearance for cultivation (rice, corn, plum, peach, etc.) . At present, forest clearance for agriculture land is rarely happened agriculture cultivation 4. Over- Local residents have long tradition of harvesting and use of many kinds of NTFPs: medicine plants, mushroom, 3 harvesting NTFPs honey, etc. They collect NTFPs mainly for local use, rarely for sale (medicine plants, etc.). Collecting fuelwood is problem because of widespreading, and daily basic. About 80% of demand for fuel in the area are from fuelwood collected from NR. 5. Forest fire The reasons of forest fires are annual field burning or use of fire in forest by hunters, bee honey collectors, etc. 5 . NR has no facilities/equipment of effective control of forest fire, however, during recent years large fires not happened in NR. 6. Free-ranging Local people raise buffaloes, cows, etc. Although, all villages have separate cattle grounds, people continue to 6 cattle raising keep cattle free in NR for better forage sources. 216 7. Infrastructure In Hang Kia-Pa Co NR, there are several villages situated inside including centres of Pa Co and Hang Kia 7 development Communes. At present, large inter-communal roads (2-3 m wide) were constructed and inter-village roads are inside NRs being developed. Road development causes habitat loss and easier access to forests for illegal hunting, timber (roads, logging and NTFPs collection. irrigation works, etc.) 217 Annex 9. Form of Questionnaire for households survey in buffer zone communes (On livelihood, forest product exploitation/use, awareness on biodiversity conservation and impacts of TSHPP) -------------------------------- HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE Village :_____________________________________Commune :____________________ District :_________________________ Province___________________________________ I. General information Name of household host:_____________ male female Age______ Ethnic group______ Education____________________________ Vietnamese speaking ability: ______________ Occupation___________________________Number of people in households____________ Wife/ husband: age______ education______________ Ethnic group____________________ Economic status (self evaluation): Rich Fair Middle Poor Very poor wooden house on stilts wooden house brick house soil house bamboo house Migration from other area? Years living in this village: _____Original_____________ II. Agriculture production Items Area (ha) Total agriculture land of household, including - Paddy rice land - Upland fields - Crop land - House garden land - Forest garden land - Pond, lake Has your household receive land certificate?: yes no Which year received ?: ____ How many ha of production land your household has in Nature Reserve?_____________ Does your household have enough land for agriculture production? yes no If no, which kind of land lacks? paddy rice , upland field , forest garden , other Did your household clear forest for new agriculture land during 5 recent years? yes no If yes, where? Outside Nature Reserve Outside Nature Reserve What Government should support your household to increase your household economic status? More land , Fund , Technology , Stock plant and stock domestic animal 218 Others (specify): Does your household lack of rice? yes no If yes, how long for each time of lack? Every year 2 years/time 3 year/time Rarely In the year when your household lacks of rice, how many months do you lack for?________ What does your household do when lack of rice? Borrow from others Sell cattle/poultry Eating corn, manioc instead Cutting timber for sale Harvesting other forest products for sale Others (specify): III. Cattle raising Which cattle does your household raise? No. Aim of raising Cattle of For For For For household For stock indiv. working transport sale consumption raising Buffalo Cow Horse Pig Goat other Does your household keep free-ranging cattle? : yes no . How many months does your household keeps free-ranging? Month (by lunar calendar):___________ Month (Solar calendar):_______________ Total number of months per year:______ Does your household keep free-ranging cattle inside Nature Reserve ? yes no . Does your household have cattle keeper?. If yes, which months the cattle are taken by the keeper? Months by lunar calendar:_____________ by solar calendar_____________ Total of months by keeper:___________________ Does your household have private cattle-raising ground? yes no If yes, how large the ground?__________________ Is there communal cattle raising ground ? yes no. If yes, how large the ground?____________________________ 219 Does your commune or village have regulations of cattle raising? yes no Is the cattle raising ground located in territory of your village? yes no Is the location of the ground suitable for cattle raising ? yes no What suggestion for the ground do you have ? Enlarge , Move to other location IV. Forest use and management Does your household participate in following activities ? Type yes no un-known area (ha) Contracting with Nature Reserve for forest protection Contracting with Nature Reserve for forest protection for natural regenerating Other (specify) How important for your household is the payment your household receives from those activities? little important important very important Which kinds of forest products does your household usually harvest from natural forest (mark with + in appropriate place) Products Often Not often No For household use For sale 1 ­ Hunting and trapping wildlife 2 ­ Fishing 3 ­Timber 4 ­ Fuelwood 5 ­ Bamboo stems 6 ­ Mushrooms 7 ­ Medicine plants 8 ­ Bee honey 9 ­ Young bamboo shoots 10 - Vegetables 11 - 12- 13- 14- 15 - How difficult to your household income if harvesting above forest products will be prohibited? little , much very much What kind of forest products from NR, do you think, should be permitted to harvest? 220 Knowledge about Nature Reserve Which kind of forest occurs in your commune/village? Yes No What is the name of the Nature Reserve ? Nature reserve Xuan nha Pu hu Hang Kia Pa Ko Production forest other name not know Protection forest Communal forest Village forest Other Do all members of your household know where is the NR boundary? yes no Who do you know to manage following forest land? Forest land Govern- Commune Forest Local No Not know ment People rangers residents body committee Nature Reserve Production forest Protection forest Commune's forest Which activities listed bellow are permitted ? Forest land Harve- Harve- Collecting Hunting, Tourism Timber Other Not sting sting young trapping visit logging (specify) know fuelwood medicine bamboo wildlife plants shoot, mush- room, honey Nature Reserve Production forest Protection forest Commune's forest There are different opinion about Nature Reserve. Do you agree/not agree with following opinion? Nature Reserve is very important because it protect wild animals and plants Agree Not agree Nature Reserve just makes local people poor because the people are not allowed to use the forest products 221 Agree Not agree Nature Reserve is very important because it protect water sources and prevent soil erosion Agree Not agree Nature Reserve just wastes the land while local people need land for agriculture production Agree Not agree Forest rangers can not protect forests, the forest should be allocated to local people for better management Agree Not agree People lives and/ conduct agriculture production inside Nature Reserve is reasonable Agree Not agree V. Impacts of Trung Son HPP Do you know that a hydropower station will be constructed soon on Ma River of Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa District, Thanh Hoa Province? No Yes If yes, how do you know? Commune authority informed , By radio , By Newspaper , By TV , Heard from someone How do you think, Trung Son HPP will affect livelihood of local communities: Good. Why?: Not good. Why?: How do you think, a hydropower station should be constructed in this area? yes no What do you suggest the Government should do to stabilize livelihood of your household and others? Date________month___________2008 Surveyor Reported household host (sign and full name) (Sign and full name) 222 Annex 10. A list of surveyed households in buffer zones of Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NR No. Name of household host Ethnic Address I. Pu Hu NR (Thanh Hoa) 1 Phm Bá Nng Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 2 Phm Hùng Nhân Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 3 Phm Bá ài Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 4 Ḷ Khm Thanh Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 5 Vi Vn Phú Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 6 Lng Th Hèn Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 7 Ngân Vn Khng Mng Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 8 inh Công nh Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 9 Hà Vn Su Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 10 Hà Vn Pháp Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 11 Ḷ Vn Toàn Mng Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 12 Phm Hùng Mi Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 13 Ngân Vn Hn Mng Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 14 Phm Minh Thoa Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 15 Phm Bá Thiên Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 16 Sùng A Di H'Mông Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 17 Phm Bá Lm Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 18 Lng Ái Giáp Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 19 Vi Vn Tán Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 20 Phm Bá ̉n Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 21 Phm Ngc n Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 22 Phm Minh Thin Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 23 Lng Thanh Xuân Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 24 V́ Thành Thoa Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 25 Phm Bá Hoàng Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 26 Ḷ Khm Thánh Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 27 Phm Thch Sanh Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 28 Hà Vn Thm Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 29 Lng Vn Qunh Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 30 Lng Thành ô Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 31 Phm Minh Thng Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 32 Lng Xuân Mi Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 33 Phm Bá Tu Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 34 Lng Ngc Thun Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 35 Lng Th Hng Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 36 Lng Ngc Tun Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 223 37 Vi Vn Tác Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 38 Phm Mnh Hng Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 39 Ḷ Vn Nng Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 40 Vi Vn Thuyên Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 41 Hà Vn Bo Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 42 Hà Công Liêm Thái Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa, Thanh Hoa 43 Hà Vn Bính Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 44 inh Th Khua Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 45 Sùng A H'Mông Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 46 Sùng A D H'Mông Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 47 Thào A Tính H'Mông Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 48 Vàng A S H'Mông Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 49 Thào A S H'Mông Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 50 Thào A L H'Mông Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 51 Lng Vn Hoàng Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 52 Lng Vn Dng Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 53 Len Vn Minh Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 54 Phm Vn Tú Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 55 Lng Vn Nhng Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 56 Vi Vn ng Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 57 Vi Vn i Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 58 Hà Vn Liên Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 59 Vi Vn Thin Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 60 Hà Vn ng Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 61 Vi Vn Giành Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 62 Lng Vn n Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 63 Lng Vn Quang Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 64 Lng Ngc Quyn Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 65 Hà Th Tính Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 66 Vi Vn Thin Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 67 Ngân Vn Cnh Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 68 inh Công Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 69 Lng Th Vit Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 70 Lng Th Pḥi Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 71 Ḷ Vn Thm Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 72 inh Công im Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 73 Ḷ Th Phng Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 74 inh Th Lnh Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 75 inh Th Lm Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 224 76 inh Công in Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 77 inh Th Th Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 78 inh Công t Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 79 inh Th Xùm Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 80 inh Công m Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 81 inh Th Sùng Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 82 inh Công ́nh Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 83 Lng Th Pén Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 84 inh Công Khoà Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 85 inh Th Kht Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 86 inh Công Thoà Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 87 Ngân Th Lâm Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 88 inh Công Thày Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 89 Hà Th Ching Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 90 inh Công Quyt Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 91 Hà Th n Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 92 Lng Vn Thuyt Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 93 Ḷ Th Nh Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 94 inh Công iu Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa 95 Hà Th Mt Thái Trung Ly Commune, Muong La, Thanh Hoa II. Xuan Nha NR (Son La) 1 Mùi Vn Thoán Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 2 Hà Vn Tư Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 3 inh Vn Thiu Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 4 Ḷ Vn Ngi Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 5 Hà Vn Dng Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 6 Ḷ Vn Hng Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 7 inh Xuân Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 8 Ḷ Vn Xi Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 9 Hà Vn Thoàn Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 10 Ḷ ip Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 11 Hà c Dung Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 12 inh Vn Thuyn Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 13 inh Th Ping Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 14 Hà Vn Thun Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 15 Hà Th Vng Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 16 inh Th Chính Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 17 Hà Vn Vin Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 18 Hà Minh Truyn Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 225 19 Hà Vn Tu Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 20 inh Th Nhung Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 21 Hà Vn Tun Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 22 Ḷ Th Hin Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 23 Mùi Vn Gii Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 24 Mùi Th Xuyên Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 25 Mùi Vn Khiêm Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 26 inh Công Loan Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 27 Ḷ Th Giang Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 28 inh Th Sung Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 29 inh Th Sáu Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 30 Hà Vn Thim Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 31 Hà Th Vui Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 32 inh Th Chnh Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 33 Hà Th B́nh Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 34 inh Công Cng Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 35 inh Th ón Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 36 Ngn Th Th Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 37 inh Công DuNn Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 38 inh Công Tài Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 39 V́ Th N gc Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 40 Hà Vn Phúc Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 41 Hà Vn iu Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 42 inh Công Diu Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 43 inh Công Duyt Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 44 inh Công Thnh Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 45 inh Công Hu Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 46 N gn Th Thoa Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 47 Hà Vn Thu Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 48 inh Th Hn Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 49 inh Quc Dính Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 50 inh Công N hót Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 51 Ḷ Vn Thng Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 52 N gn Vn È Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 53 Hà Vn H́nh Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 54 inh Công Lang Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 55 inh Công Phui Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 56 inh Công Êu Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 57 Hà Vn Qunh Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 226 58 Phm Th N hài Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 59 Hà Th Àn Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 60 Hà Vn Hin Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 61 Ḷ Vn Huyn Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 62 inh Công Hi Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 63 Hà Vn Ton Thái Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 64 Mùi Th Chúc Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 65 Mùi Th Chm Mng Tan Xuan Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 66 Mùi Vn Hun Mng Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 67 V́ Vn Thm Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 68 inh Vn Khánh Mng Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 69 Mùi Vn Huyên Mng Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 70 Hà N gc ip Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 71 Vi Th Oi Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 72 Vi Th Chng Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 73 N gân Vn Du Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 74 Hà Th Hng Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 75 inh Công N guyn Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 76 Lng Xuân Mi Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 77 Lng Thành ô Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 78 Lng Vn Qunh Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 79 Lng Th Hng Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 80 Hà Công Liêm Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 81 Lng N gc Thun Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 82 Lng N gc Tun Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 83 Phm Bá Tu Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 84 Vi Thành Thoa Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 85 Lng Minh Thch Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 86 Ḷ Vn Toàn Mng Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 87 Vi Vn Tái Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 88 Ḷ Vn N ng Mng Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 89 Vi Vn Thuyên Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 90 Hà Vn Bo Thái Xuan N ha Commune, Moc Chau, Son La 227 Annex 11 SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND RELATED AGENCIES/ ORGANIZATIONS 1. Consultation with Forest Protection Department (FPD) of Thanh Hoa Province Date: 21 April 2008 FPD of Thanh Hoa Province Mr. Le The Long ­ Deputy Director Mr. Le Thanh Ngoi ­ Deputy Director Organization structure: FPD Thanh Hoa has about 300 official staff members (forest rangers) and 70 contracted members. About 80 forest rangers are working in 3 protected areas of Thanh Hoa Province. FPD structure consists of one director, 2 deputy-directors, Forest Protection Unit, Legislation Unit, Administration Unit, Mobile rangers team and district forest protection units Summary opinion on management of Pu Hu NR and impacts of TSHPP: Pu Hu NR was established by Decision of Thanh Hoa Provincial People Committee (PC) and under management of Thanh Hoa PC. FPD Thanh Hoa is responsible for management of personnel and professional consultancy. FPD takes care of following activities: - Forest fire prevention and stopping - Update information of forest resources - Protesting illegal trade of forest products - Providing equipment for law enforcement (uniform, weapons) Management Board of NR has its own stamp, budget, account number and can accept any investment projects from national and international donors. Main difficulties of NR management board are as following: - Limitation of budget for running - Staff members have no training on conservation knowledge Main threats to NR are: - Hunting and trapping wildlife - Forest clearance for agriculture land by local communities In regard to TSHPP, Mr. Long personally is not yet officially informed and FPD has no meeting/workshop to discuss on impacts of TSHPP on Pu Hu NR and Biodiversity in general. However, some negative impacts can be foreseen as following: - Reservoir filling upto elevation of 160 m asl. will cause inundation of agriculture land of local communities leading to increase forest clearance for new agriculture land. - Resettlement of a number of households in new localities close to NR will cause forest destruction and wildlife hunting and trapping there. 228 - Increase of water in rivers and stream will facilitate deeper access into NR for exploitation and transport of forest products - Increase of water in rivers, streams may submerge some habitats of wildlife especially, loss of grassland leading to reduction of food source for ungulates, etc. - Increase of water in rivers, streams may increase habitat fragmentation , disturbing normal movement of wildlife In order to prevent and mitigate negative impacts of TSHPP on Pu Hu NR and Biodiversity, there are so many works to do, some works of priority are: - Increase management capacity of NR Management board (additional training, providing equipment, securing budget allocation for activities, etc.) - Baseline biodiversity assessment needs to conduct. - To find the ways to reduce pressure of local people on NR biodiversity, there is a village situated inside NR, the villagers lack of land for agriculture production - Support local people to increase their living standard to reduce their pressure on forest products. FPD Thanh Hoa is seeking fund for: - Application of GIS technology on forest resources monitoring - Developing a video film on biodiversity of Pu Hu NR - Developing a website for Pu Hu NR Note: Some documents and maps of NR were provided for our reference. 2. Consultation with FPD of Hoa Binh Province Date: 5 May 2008 FPD of Hoa Binh Province Mr. Bui Van Tuong ­ Director Mr. Nguyen Van Minh ­ Technical officer Mrs. Bui Thi De ­ Staff member of Forest Protection Unit Organization structure: The FPD has about 200 staff members, 34 of them are working in FPD head office. The organization structure consists of Director, Deputy director, Forest Protection unit, Legislation unit, Administration unit, Mobile rangers team and district forest protection units. In regard to Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR, FPD manages its personnel and professional techniques of forest protection, forest fire prevention and stopping, updating information on forest resources. NR management board has its own stamp, budget, account number and can accept any investment projects from national and international donors, now, only National programme 661 Summary opinion on management of Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR and impacts of TSHPP: Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR has high biodiversity values. Especially, in this NR inhabits a endemic coniferous species ­ Paco pine (Note: this species is mistakenly described as endemic to Northwest Vietnam, however, the species was latter identified as Pinus kwangtungensis). 229 The most difficult issue for NR management is a number of villages situated just inside NR which cause much of disturbance for forest and high risk of forest fire. Three communes are completely encompassed inside NR boundary and 2 of them are communes of H'Mong Minority who has very strong tradition of shifting cultivation, wildlife hunting and harvest of forest products. The people face with lack of land for agriculture production, using disadvanced cultivation technology made the lack of agriculture land more serious and the people alway try to encroach NR forest for angriculture land. Capacity of Management board is weak due to limited budget and staff members not yet properly trained. Another problem is tourists begin to come to NR more and more while Management Board could not control the tourists visit. TSHPP will not cause forest inundation or other direct forest loss for NR, however, will cause more difficulties for NR management due to potential increase of forest products harvest and wildlife hunting. Therefore, some investment may need to increase capacity of NR management board, so that they can protect NR effectively. In order to ensure biodiversity conservation of the NR many measures should be conducted and following are some of higher priority: - Measures to increase living standards of local communities, mitigating their dependence on forest products such as support them to make good land-use planning, provide them with enough land area for agro-forestry production, application of new technology, new stock animals and stock plants of high productivities, provide low credit loan for households, etc. - More education to increase their awareness on biodiversity conservation, nature protection, better understanding and obey national legislations on nature protection and biodiversity conservation. - Developing facilities for ecotourism development into NR, including specific ethnic culture, try to involve local people into appropriate tourism services for increase of their household income - Training staff members of NR Management board on biodiversity conservation knowledge and skill, providing them with better equipment for patrol and for conservation activities. - Call of national and international investment projects for NR to help them conducts all conservation activities and biodiversity monitoring. Note: Some documents and maps of NR were provided for our reference. 3. Consultation with FPD of Son La Province Date: 7 May 2008 FPD of SonLa Province: Mr. Chu Viet Hao ­ Deputy Director 230 Mr. Nguyen Manh Hung ­ Technical officer Organization structure: The FPD has about 330 staff members, 40 of them are working in FPD head office, 290 forest rangers working in the field. The organization structure consists of Director, Deputy director, Forest Protection unit, Legislation unit, Administration unit, Mobile rangers team and district forest protection units. In regard to Xuan Nha NR, FPD manages its personnel and professional techniques of forest protection, forest fire prevention and stopping, updating information on forest resources. NR management board has its own stamp, budget, account number and can accept any investment projects from national and international donors, now, only National programme 661 Summary opinions on management of Xuan Nha NR and impacts of TSHPP: Xuan Nha NR has very high biodiversity values. The most difficulty in NR management is existence of many villages inside NR (about 2,000 people). They ethnic minorities H'Mong and Thai with very difficult livelihood by shifting cultivation and forest products harvest. H'Mong villages especially, are situated just close to the best forests of NR where they often clear forest for agriculture land, hunting wildlife, harvesting forest products. Another big problem is migration of H'Mong people from other areas into NR for settlement. FPD Son La together with NR management board have tried much to stop this situation, however, the situation does change much. Local communities hunt wildlife and cut timbers and harvest NTFPs just for their local use, not for sale because the roads are very bad. The temporary policy of Province is that to keep villages of long history of stay inside NR on the same places, supporting them to develop agriculture production, animal husbandry or seeking new production industries to reduce their pressure on forest resources. On other hand, to use any measures to stop further migration into NR and remove all migrant people outside of NR. In regard to TSHPP, FPD Son La heard about but not yet receives any official notification, and therefore, there is no meeting/workshop to discuss about this issue. Preliminarily, it can see that TSHPP will cause significant negative impacts on NR because, NR is located just in catchments of TSHPP reservoir and very close to dam. Reservoir filling will cause inundation of forest along Quanh stream and some villages must be removed closer to NR. The forest damage should be thoroughly estimate to find mitigation solutions. Xuan Nha NR is one of the most important watershed forest of TSHPP, therefore, TSHPP Management should collaborate with Management board of Xuan Nha NR to find the best measures for mitigation of forest loss and biodiversity damages. Note: Some documents and maps of NR were provided for our reference. 4. Consultation with People Committee of Trung Ly Commune, Quan Hoa District, Thanh Hoa Province 231 Date: 2 May 2008 Trung Ly Commune: Mr. Luong Van Quang ­ Chairman of Commune People Committee Mr. Luc Van Que ­ Deputy Chairman of Commune People Council Summary opinions: Trung Ly Commune has been stayed here for long time. As inventory in April 2008, Trung Ly commune has 928 households, 5,200 people. Of them, H'Mong minority: 528 households, 3,337 people; Thai Minority: 330 households, 1,571 people; Muong Minority: 48 households, 205 people and Kinh (Vietnamese): 22 households, 83 people. The commune has 16 village, of which 11 villages are situated along Ma River. Trung Ly is frontier specially difficult commune with about 751 poor households ( mainly H'Mong minority) by new governmental criteria (Programme 135). About 10% households faces food deficiency. Trung Ly people live by agriculture cultivation and harvesting forest products. Paddy rice land is very little (29ha only), mainly upland fields for cultivation of upland rice, corn, manihoc with low productivity. Some Thai households grow a limited area of luong bamboo. Tao village produces bamboo pieces for sale, however, in limited amount. Agriculture land of villages situated along Ma river has low fertilility, therefore, the people try to encroach NR forest for new better land and move to other areas with better lands. Domestic animals husbandry is also poorly developed, inventory in April 2008 recorded 525 buffaloes, 143 horses, 257 goats, 1, 513 pigs, 690 dogs and 7,036 poultry. TSHPP will cause inundation of low land area and several households have to resettle to new places (Ban Lin village: 16 households, Co Cai village: 14 households); other households will loose agriculture land, that will cause more difficulties for local residents. Households which should be resettled do not like new FS&FCAs planned by TSHPP because of lack of water, agricultural lands, there is only land for housing. Because of poor agriculture production, livelihood of commune people is very difficult and much depends on forest products. The households could produce some food while other products should be harvested from the natural forests. Some most often harvested products are timbers for house construction and instrument making, bamboos (for local use and for sale), young bamboo shoots for food (local use and for sale), dong leaves (local use and for sale), mushrooms and medicine plants (local use and for sale), fishes and wild animals (local use and for sale). Most of commune forests have been exhausted due to over-harvest, the people have to illegally harvest forest products from Pu Hu NR. Some villages have contracts with Pu Hu NR Management board for forest protection and forest regeneration, however, the contracted area is low that could not bring considerable income for local households. Pu Hu NR management board has negotiated with villages to sign Village Commitment of forest protection, however, the effectiveness is still low, 232 forest encroachment for agriculture land is often happened. In regard to TSHPP, Trung Ly Commune has following proposals: - Living conditions for resettled households in new area should be equal or better those which they have now. - Basic infrastructure facilities such as schools, roads, health service, etc.) must be constructed and also houses for poor households. - Supporting investment, stock plants and animals of high productivity for commune households - Pu Hu NR continues contracts with villages for forest protection with larger area to increase household income. - Supporting commune to enrich already exhausted forests (about 5,000 ha) by additional growing of valuable timber trees - Confiscation of hunting guns from people and negotiate household to sign village forest protection commitment - Supporting rice for poor villages to reduce difficulties of their livelihood and also pressure on forest. - Supporting commune land-use planning to provide households with enough land for agriculture production 5. Consultancy Meeting with Trung Son Commune People committee and villagers Date: 1 May 2008 Trung Son Commune:: Mr. Lo Kham Thanh ­ Secretary of Commune Party Committee Mr. Luong Thanh Xuan ­ Deputy-Chairman of Commune People Committee 10 households from Pieng Village 10 households of Ta Pan Village General information about Trung Son Commune (Provided by Trung Son PC): Trung Son Commune has stayed in this area for long time. At present, total area of the Commune: 7,216ha,including 5,592 ha forestry land and 367 ha agriculture land. The commune has 577 households with 2,599 people. Ethnic groups include Thai, Muong, Kinh, H'Mong. Thai minority occupies about 63% total population number. The people living by agriculture cultivation (paddy rice, upland rice, other crops, etc.) husbandry cattle and poultry. The people also grow luong bamboo and Melia azedarch for local use and mainly for sale. Although, luong bamboo growing bring significant household income, however, livelihood of local villagers is difficult. The commune has poor infrastructure facilities, especially roads. Trung Son commune shares about 900ha forests of Pu Hu NR. Other forestry land is mainly Watershed protection forest (1,881ha) and luong bamboo plantation (28 ha). The Watershed protection forest was exhausted due to over-exploitation. 233 Summary opinions: Highest concern of meeting participants is household resettlement by TSHPP. In general, local villagers support TSHPP because this is a great work for the Country development, however, they show very high concern about their livelihood in new proposed FR&FCAs. The main reason is that all proposed resettlement options will lead to lack of land for agriculture production, lack of water sources or house site is very far from their agriculture lands. In the option of resettlement close to Ban Pieng Village and Pu Hu NR, available land is too small, there is only land for housing no land for production. In the option of within-village resettlement (resettlement to higher land of the same villages) there is also no land for their production, moreover, all lands already allocated to each households with tenure certificate. In regard to use of natural forest products, all households of the commune have to harvest natural forest products for their subsistence (timber, fuelwood, medicine plants, etc.). Luong bamboo plantation can provide them some source of materials for construction and fuel, however, major sources of the materials are from natural forest (Commune Protection forest is exhausted, therefore, most of forest products are harvested from Pu Hu NR though this is prohibited by laws. The proposed resettlement households show their concern of that, in resettlement, only about 20% of woods from old house can be used, other 80% should be cut from natural forest. As Thai and Muong people do not like to stay in brick houses, they want build new wooden houses on stilts again. This will pose great pressure on forests of Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs. Trung Son people have little area of paddy rice. TSHPP may submerge this lands and the people have to use upland rice production which usually has much lower productivity, consequently people should look for new lands for production, This again pose more pressure on Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs. Right now, some households from Ban Pieng village already ask Pu Hu NR to spend them some area of forest land for agro-cultivation. Trung Son people suggests that TSHPP will lead to reduce their production land and makes their livelihood more difficult. They support Government to construct TSHPP, however, Government should help them to develop their economic conditions such as fund loan, stock plants and animals of higher productivity, application of advanced technology for production, buying their luong bamboos at more reasonable price than middle traders do now, etc. 5. Consultation with Xuan Nha Commune People committee Date: 9 May 2008 Xuan Nha Commune:: Mr. Ha Xuan Dat ­ Secretary of Commune Party Committee Mr. Ha Cong Duong ­ Deputy Secretary of Commune Party Committee Mr. Vi Van Tham ­ Vice-chairman of Commune People Committee 234 Summary opinion: Xuan Nha Commune is special difficult commune by Governmental poverty criteria. Ethnic groups include Thai, Muong, H'Mong , Kho Mu minorities and small portion of Kinh (Vietnamese). The people live by agriculture production and forest products harvest. There is small area for paddy rice, the agricultural crops consist mainly of upland rice, corn, manihoc. Recently, Commune encourages people grow also luong bamboo, tea and cotton plantation for higher incomes. The road system is very bad, there is no road for cars to come to commune centre. At present, a new road of 3-3.5m wide is in construction to connect national 6 to Vietnam-Lao border. TSHPP will submerge a part of production land in low elevation of villagers and Pu Lau villages should be resettled to new area. Commune People Committee request TSHPP thorough estimate the property loss (houses, plantation, etc.) of these households for appropriate compensation. The new FS&FCAs must have enough basic infrastructure facilities (schools, health care, roads, electricity, water supply, etc.) and enough land for agriculture production, including land for cotton plantation. In addition, Government should support the commune with fund loan for production, stock plants and animals of high productivities, etc. Note: Old Xuan Nha Commune was divided into 3 new communes: Xuan Nha, Truong Xuan and Tan Xuan Commune. Pu Lau village belonging to new Xuan Nha communes while Tay Ta Lao and Dong Ta Lao villages belong to Tan Xuan Commune. Xuan Nha People Committee shows less concern about impacts of TSHPP than Tan Xuan Communes 5. Consultation Tan Xuan Commune People committee Date: 14 May 2008 Tan Xuan Commune:: Mr. Ha Duy Thoan - Secretary of Commune Party Committee Mr. Ha Ngoc Diep ­ Vice-Chairman of Commune People Committee Mr. Vi Van Thuy ­ Officer of Commune People Committee Mr. Ha Van Hung ­ Chief of Ta Lao Dong village Mr. Ha Van Toan ­ Chief of Ta Lao Tay Village Summary opinions: Tan Xuan Commune is just separate from Xuan Nha Commune. Population consists of mainly Thai, Muong and H'Mong minorities. Being located deeply in forest area of Xuan Nha NR, the commune has bad infrastructure facilities. Roads are very bad for motorbikes and almost can not used in rainy season. This is a special difficult commune be government poverty criteria. The people live by agriculture production: paddy rice, upland rice, corn, manihoc. Some households in Ta Lao Dong and Ta Lao Tay Villages grow few ha of luong bamboo. Many things for daily subsistence, the people have to collect from natural forest such as timber, bamboo, fuel wood, chit weed for brooms, 235 young bamboo shoots, tree barks (for sale), etc. The commune households also have contracts with Xuan Nha NR for forest protection (National programme 661) but the contracted area is not large. TSHPP will submerge two villages Ta Lao Dong and Ta Lao Tay villages. TSHPP has planned to move people to FS&FCA no 5 in Xuan Nha Commune. The villagers very concern about this area because of not fertile land, limited lands for agriculture production and also this area no more belongs Tan Xuan Commune. The People like to seek other area with better lands. At present, there are 5 villages of H'Mong People situated deeply inside Xuan Nha NR, their livelihood is very difficult. The people usually harvest timbers, NTFPS and hunt wildlife for their daily subsistence. They also often clear forests for shifting cultivation. Ironically, being situated inside Xuan Nha NR, many Tan Xuan people do not know where is NR boundary and where is limit of their production lands. Another problem is that H'Mong people from nearly Muong Ly Communes (Thanh Hoa Province) also often clear forest of Xuan Nha NR for agriculture land. In regard to TSHPP, Tan Xuan people fully support TSHPP, however, people from Ta Lao Tay and Ta Lao Dong villages show very high concern about seeking place for new FR&FCA. They do not like FR&FCA No.5 as planned by TSHPP as described above. Their requests for resettlement as following: - To allow people to find other suitable FR&FCA instead of FR&FCA No.5 - Government should pay for the loss of properties and help to stabilize their livelihood in new place. - Ensure enough production land for each households (5-10ha per households) and support them with fund loan, stock plant and animals of high productivity, advanced cultivation technologies, etc. - Ensure contracts of forest protection for increase of their household income - Ensure policy of priority for vocational training of their children. 236 Annex 12 SOME PICTURES OF CUNSULTATION WITH LOCAL ATHOURITIES AND FIELD SURVEY Consultation meeting with Management Discussion with forest rangers in Pa Quan Board of Pu Hu NR, Thanh Hoa Prov Guard Station, Pu Hu NR Consultation meeting with Management Consultation meeting with Management Board of Xuan Nha NR, Son La Prov. Board of Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR, Hoa Binh Province Mr. Vu Van Dat - Deputy Director is Interviewing villagers from Ta Com Village, introducing about Pu Hu NR Trung Ly commune, Thanh Hoa Prov. 237 Consultation meeting with Trung Son A resident of Trung Son Commune is speaking Commune PC, Thanh Hoa Prov. (Secretary out his concerns about TSHPP impacts of Party Committee is speaking) Consultation meeting with Xuan Nha Consultation meeting with Tan Xuan Commune PC, Moc ChauDistrict, Son La Commune PC, Moc Chau District, Son La Province Province Consultation meeting with Hang Kia Consultation meeting with Trung Ly Commune PC, Mai Chau District, Hoa Binh Commune PC, Muong Lat District,Thanh Province Hoa Prov. 238 Consultation meeting with Pieng and Ta Pan Interviewing villagers from Ta Pan Village, Villagers, Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa Trung Son Commune, Thanh Hoa Prov. District,Thanh Hoa Prov. Interviewing villagers from Ta Lin Village, Discussion with forest rangers in Ta Com Trung Ly commune, Thanh Hoa Prov. Guard Station, Pu Hu NR Consultation meeting with Ta Lao Tay Interviewing Chairman of Pak Com Village, Villagers, Tan Xuan Commune, Quan Hoa Hang Kia Commune, Mai Chau District, District, Thanh Hoa Prov. Hoa Binh Province 239 Natural habitat along Ma River Survey along Ma River Secondary tropical dense evergreen forest in Primary tropical dense evergreen forest in Pu Hu NR Xuan Nha NR Bamboo (Luong) plantation Exhausted forest in buffer zone 240 Young regenerating forests Upland fields in buffer zone Black bear stuff Ursus thibetanus in Quan Hoa Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis in Town Chieng Ve townlet Skin of Owston's palm civet Chrotogale Hunted stump-tailed macaque Macaca owstoni from Pa Quan village arctoides village 241 Leopard cat hunted from Pu Hu NR Black squirrel Ratufa bicolor Hunted civet Paguma larvata Palm civet Pradoxurus hermaphroditus Civet Melogale moschata Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus 242 Hipposideros larvatus Hipposideros armiger Giant squirrel Petaurista philippensis Brush-tailed porcupines Atherurus macrourus Rat Niviventer fulvescens Bamboo rat Rhizomys pruinosus 243 Serrow horn Naemorhedus sumatraensis Gaur head Bos frontalis Silver pheasant Lophura nycthemera trapped Burmese Peacock Pheasant Polyplectron from Pu Hu NR bicalcalatum trapped from Pu Hu NR Khu bc má Garrulax chinensis Khu khoang c Garrulax monileger 244 Psittacula alexandri Streptopelia tranquebarica Centropus sinensis Harpactes erythrocephalus Rhipidura allbicollis Hypothymis azurea 245 Bubulcus ibis in Ma River Butorides striatus Ho mi Garrulax canorus Khu bi u en Stachyris nigriceps Macronus gularis Sasia ochracea 246 Lonchura striata Ceyx erithacus Trimeresurus stejnegeri Bungatus fasciatus Phisignathus cocincinus Hemidactynus frenatus 247 Palea steindachneri Platysternon megacephatum Sacalia quadriocellata Pycidea mauhoti Cuora galbinifrons ch sui Rana nigrovittata 248 Chu Rana guentheri ch cây mép trng Polypedates leucomystax Rana taipehensis Rana livida Limnonectes kuhlii Rana nigrovittata 249 Annex 13 MAIN CONTENTS OF TSHPP Project title: Trung Son Hydropower Project. Location: Head works are located in Trung Son Commune, Quan Hoa District, Thanh Hoa Province Management agency: Trung Son HPP Management Board Coordinates: X = 2 279 739,48; Y = 482 791,16 (VN2000) . I. Main features of TSHPP Basic Features Unit F.Study design Catchment Catchment area Flv Km2 13.175 13.175 Reservoir Normal full supply level m 160 160 Dead supply level m 152,5 150 6 3 Water volume at Normal full supply level Wbt 10 m 330,64 348,53 6 3 Water volume at death supply level Wc 10 m 247,2 236,40 2 Water surface at Normal full supply level km 12,73 13,13 Main dam Elevation level of dam crest m 162,4 163,7 Crest length m 358,5 353 Maximum height of dam m 79,6 88 Crest width m 10 10 Spillways Elevation level of spillway m 144 145 Spill gates 6 6 Energy Average annual electricity E0 106 KWh 1027,78 1029,47 Discharge tunnel Base with (b) m 30 70 Length (L) m 50 80 237 II. Ancillary works Occupation Item Technical features area (ha) Gravel Gliding facilities & storing ground 800000 m3 gravel/year 7,55 Rolling concrete facilities & normal concrete 300 m3/h + 60m3/h 3,72 Normal Concrete making facilities & storing 100 m3/h 0,51 ground for already made concretes Steel facilities 14 T/ca 0,48 Wood casing facilities 417, 000 m3/year 0,23 Steel casing facilities 86,26 tons 0,19 Garage and parking ground 420 vetches 7,86 Assembling facilities 3300 T/year 1,34 Explosive storage 2 x 40 T 2 x 0,25 Laboratory - 0,21 Fire extinguish station 2 vehicle 0,06 Petrol & diesel storehouse 350 T 0,26 Technical supply storehouse - 0,48 Hydraulic facilities - 0,23 Water & electricity supply facilities - 0,26 Supplementary Power supply station 2 x 500 KVA 2 x 0,05 Technical water Pumping & Treatment 100 m3/h 0,06 Station Living water Pumping and Treatment Station 30 m3/h 0,06 Stones storing ground 40000 m3 1 Sand storing ground at quarries 209000 m3 3,49 Right river bank Discharge ground 2161000 m3 14,40 Left river bank Discharge ground 3287000 m3 21,91 Offices for Contractor 330 people 0,67 Construction work camps 3600 people 5 House for offices of A Party 50 people 0,29 House for offices of consultants 50 people 0,27 Schools and kin garden - 0,11 Health station 30 beds 0,1 Sources: PECC4 238 III. Landuse in Reservour area (ha) Province, Fruit Forest Setlle Watersu District, Paddy Uplan tree Plantation Nat. ment Crop rface, Totsal commune, rice d rice garde Other Luong forest land gravels village n trees T. Thanh Hóa 10,24 16.06 12,09 60,14 7,78 7,06 631,99 63,04 127,16 935,55 H. Quan Hóa 5,76 14.95 5,46 52,91 4,20 0,06 410,90 0,00 19,83 514,07 X. Trung Sn 5,76 14.95 5,46 52,91 4,20 0,06 410,90 0,00 19,83 514,07 Bn Tà Bán 4,44 11.7 1,60 43,45 3,45 0,06 325,23 5,00 394,93 Bn Xc 0,92 2.25 3,70 0,60 47,99 3,03 58,49 Bn Co Me 0.25 5,21 15,69 7,80 30,45 Bn Quán 30,21 nhc 0,40 0.75 2,36 0,55 0,15 22,00 4,00 H. Mng Lát 4,48 1.11 6,63 7,23 3,58 7,00 221,09 63,04 107,33 421,48 X. Mng Lư 3,04 0.53 0,38 3,65 1,40 179,71 27,51 46,55 262,77 Bn Nàng 1,68 1,63 0,80 56,37 8,20 68,68 Bn Kít 56,70 7,51 9,25 73,46 Bn Mau 20,00 8,75 28,75 Bn Chiêng 12,61 Na 0,38 1,22 3,86 7,15 Bn Tài 72,92 Chánh 1,36 0.53 0,80 0,60 62,63 7,00 Bn Mung 2 0,15 6,20 6,35 X. Trung Lư 1,28 6,24 2,75 1,60 38,67 35,53 44,88 130,95 Bn Ba Búa 2,24 0,96 5,68 8,88 Bn Ĺn 0,64 4,00 1,79 0,85 9,30 5,28 9,12 30,98 Bn Tà Cóm 30,25 9,85 40,10 Bn Ching 37,29 Lư 0,64 0,75 29,37 6,53 Bn U 6,45 6,45 Bn Cà Giáng 7,25 7,25 X.Tam Chung 0,16 0.58 0,01 0,83 0,58 7,00 2,71 15,90 27,76 Bn Poom 8,88 Khuông 0,53 8,35 Bn Cân 0,13 0,13 Bn Poom 0,90 Buôi 0.58 0,33 Bn Lát 1,50 1,50 Bn Kha Ni 0,16 0,01 0,50 0,58 0,56 7,55 9,36 L.trng M 7,00 .Lát 7,00 T. Sn La 5,04 28.43 56,89 119,20 8,59 0,60 361,36 5,30 18,00 603,40 H. Mc Châu 5,04 28.43 56,89 119,20 8,59 0,60 361,36 5,30 18,00 603,40 X. Xuân Nha 5,04 28.43 56,89 119,20 8,59 0,60 361,36 5,30 18,00 603,40 Bn Tà Lào 362,27 ông 4,00 22.18 36,99 58,00 5,34 0,00 229,51 6,25 Bn Ta Lào 156,53 Tây 0,96 3.95 19,90 57,20 3,25 67,52 3,75 Bn Pù Lu 0,08 2.29 4,00 0,60 64,32 5,30 8,00 84,60 Total 15,28 44.48 68,98 179,34 16,37 7,66 993,35 68,34 145,16 1538,95 Source: PECC4 239 · Inside construction roads - Construction-transport road connecting National road 15A (from Co Luong to Co Me Village) on the right bank of Ma river, 20.12 km long. In first period 1: gravelled road with surface width of 5.5m and base width of 7.5m. In second period: the road will be paved with asphalt. - Road VH1 for construction of main dam, spillway and water intake gates is 2.1 km long. In the first period, the road has base of 7.5m and gravelled surface of 5.5 m wide and in second period, the road will be paved to 5.5m wide. - Road VH2 for construction of power station is 0.91 km long. In the first period, the road has base of 7.5m and gravelled surface of 5.5 m wide and in second period, the road will be paved to 5.5m wide. - Roads for construction of 10.4 km long including road to quarries, ancillary facilities, waste grounds, storing ground and work locations. Roads have base of 7.5 m long, gravelled surface of 5.5 m wide. · Natural construction materials - Stone quarries: located on right and left banks of Ma river at distance of 8 km always from work line towards upstream. - Sand quarries: 3 sand quarries available of about 225.000m3. - Soil quarries: on the right bank of Ma river in distance of about 10 km and have volume of 4 million m3. · · Fixed Ressettlement and fixed cultivation Areas (FR&FCAs) According to EIA report of TSHPP (January 2008) made by PECC4, there will 4 FR&FCAs and current landuse of these FR&FCAs are as following: FR&FCA No.1 ­ Trung Son Commune: Area of 3,540ha, for 216 households with 1,030 people from 2 villages (Ta Pan Village: 190 households with 910 people, Xuoc Village: 26 households with 120 people). Current land-use includes mainly forestry land (1,809 ha), un-used land (1,306.8ha), agricultural land (229.2ha) and non-agricultural land (195 ha). FR&FCA No.2 ­ Muong Ly Commune: Area of 1,910ha, for 85 households with 461 people from 2 villages (Nang 1 Village: 47 households with 255 people, Tai Chanh Village: 38 households with 206 people). Current land-use includes mainly forestry land (864 ha), un-used land (643.4ha), agricultural land (228.6ha) and non-agricultural land (174 ha). 240 FR&FCA No.3 ­ Trung Ly Commune: Area of 1,050ha, for 36 households with 195 people from 2 villages (Lin Village: 18 households with 107 people, Chieng Village: 18 households with 88 people). Current land-use includes mainly forestry land (733 ha), un- used land (172.1ha), agricultural land (68.2 ha) and non-agricultural land (76.7 ha). FR&FCA No.4 ­ Xuan Nha Commune: Area of 1,200ha, for 170 households with 834 people from 2 villages Dong Ta Lao (113 households, 512 people) and Tay Ta Lao (57 housedholds, 322 people). Agriculture land: 162ha, Protection forest land: 98 ha and non-used land: 932ha and non-agricultural land: 8 ha. · Construction schedule The TSHPP will be constructed for 5 years, including 1 year for preparation and 4 years for constuction as following: Preparation year: Construction of road network, water and electricity supply network, living houses/camps and ancillary works, compensation work, FR&FCAs. In the begining of July, Main dam foundation construction on dry land will be initiated. Natural river flow remains. Construction year 1: Begining construction of foundations of power station, water intake gates, pressure tunnels. Construction of flow divert tunnel in left river bank at 86.0 m high. Completion in May. Natural river flow remains Construction year 2: Dry season: in begining of December, river blockage started. Construction of dam foundation at river bed for 2 months. Construction RCC concrete dam until the end of May, part in river bed up to elevation of 105.0 m, parts in left and right river banks upto 115.0m. In the end of 3-d quarter: completion of concrete work of water intake gates, and begining equipment installation. Concrete installation of power stattion upto equipment installation level. Constrution year 3: Completion of equipment installation in water intake gates by the end of June. Completion of concrete work at main dam. In September, installation of flap spill gate. Completion of concrete work of discharge tunnel. Installation of hydraulic mechanical equipment. 241 Construction year 4: In May, begining water filling into reservoir. Installation of spillway equipment completed in July. In July, first power generators No. 1 begins to operate. in October, all construction completed, all power generators operating. 242