E1227 REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE Mozambique Integrated Professional Reform Program (PIRE) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAM EWORK Final Draft September 20, 2005 Mbaye Mbengue FAYE Consultant in Environmental and Social Assessment Email: fayeconseil(isentoo.sn Phone: (221) 832 44 31- 549 76 68 Dakar - Senegal TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................... . . 5 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................9 ..........................9 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................... . 10 2.1 CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES OF PIREP .............................. ................... ........ 0 2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS .............................. ......... 10 3. BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE COUNTRY ......... ........................ 12 3.1. BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................... ........................ 12 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIAL CONSTRAINTS .................................................................... , 14 3.3. SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .................................................................... 15 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF PIREP .................................................. ........................ 17 4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO PLANNED REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES ....................... .. 17 4.2. SOCIAL IMPACTS DUE TO PLANNED REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES ............................................ ..18 5. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGED [ENT ............... 23 5.1. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ...................................................... . 23 5.2. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (NEMP) ............. ......................... 24 5.3. SOCIAL STRATEGIES ...................................................... . 24 5.4. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION ...................................................... , 25 5.5. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................... 28 5.6. DECENTRALIZATION - LOCAL GOVERNMENT ...................................................... , 30 5.7. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CONSTRAINTS ...................................................... . 31 7. OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF AND METHODOLOGY USED ...................................................... 33 7.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) ... ....... . 33 7.2. METHODOLOGY USED TO PREPARE THE ESMF ...................................................................... . 34 7.3. SUMMARY OF THE OUTCOME OF THE CONSULTATION PROCESS ...................................................................... 35 8. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS ................................ ........................ 36 8.1. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS ......................................................3................. 36 8.2. THE SCREENING STEPS ....................................................................... 36 8.3. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCREENING PROCESS .................................................... 4 1 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ............................................................3........... 43 9.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES . ................................................... 43 9.2. INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING AND MONITORING THE MITIGATION MEASUI; ES .................... 43 9. 3. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJEC . . 44 10. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ . 48 11. ANNEXES ................................................................ ........................ 50 1 1.1. ANNEX 1: PRE-ASSESSMENT FORM OF MICOA ("FICHA DE PRE-AVALIACAO") . . 50 11.2. ANNEx 2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM (ESSF) PROPOSED . . 52 11.3. ANNEX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHECKLIST ............... .......................... . 57 11.4. ANNEX 4: MITIGATION MEASURES LIST ......................................... . 58 11.5. ANNEX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS ...................................... .............|.-.-.-.-.- 60 11.6. ANNEX 6: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK PROTECTION POLICIES ........................... ........................ 61 11.7. ANNEX 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN FOR PIREP .................................................. 64 11.8. ANNEX 8: DRAFT EA TERMS OF REFERENCE .................................................. . 67 11.9. ANNEX 9: LIST OF INDIVIDUALS/INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED .............. ........................ 69 11.10. ANNEX 10: REFERENCES ................................... ........ .... 70 11.11. ANNEX 11: TERMS OF REFERENCES (TOR) ................................... ........................ ......... 71 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 National Parks in the project area ............................3.................... ........ 13 Table 2 Forest Reserves in the project area ............................ ,......... 13 Table 3 Organizational structural of COREP ............................ . ......... 30 LIST OF ACRONYMS COREP National Commission for TVET Reform CP Cooperating Partners DIN-ET National Directorate for Education and Training DNDR Directorate of Rural Development DNFFB National Directorate of Forestry and Wildlife DNOT National Directorate for Land Planning DPADER Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Rural Development DPAIA Provincial Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment DPCOA Provincial Directorate for the Coordination of Environmental Af airs EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESMF Environmental and Social management Framework ESSP Education Sector Strategic Plan FUNDEC Skills Development Fund GoM Government of Mozambique HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency S tndrome INEFP National Institute for Education and Vocational Training MADER Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MEC Ministry of Education and Culture MICOA Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs MISAU Ministry of Health NCSD National Commission for Sustainable Development NEMP National Environmental Management Programme NGO Non governmental organization PARPA Action plan for the reduction of absolute poverty PIREP Mozambique Integrated Professional Reform Program PEPA Environmental Quality Standards of Mozambique Projects PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework ToR Terms of Reference TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training WB World Bank 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background: The Government of the Republic of Mozambique is preparing a project to transform the TVET system to respond more effectively, equitably and in a timely and articulated manner to labour mar et needs, using a qualifications framework and being sensitive to gender and HIV/AIDS issues. In the amework of this project it is planned, among other things, to improve the physical infrastructure. At pil t institutions, the project will fund rehabilitation of the physical infrastructure, including workshops, w er and sanitation facilities, and other teaching facilities essential for piloting the new courses. Project Components * Component A: Institutional Arrangement. Component A will assist the GO I to establish the institutional framework necessary to develop a labour-market relevant and ac ssible TVET in Mozambique in a coordinated, stakeholder-driven and sustainable manner. The objective of the component is to set up, or prepare the establishment of, appropriate structures for t e administration, management and financing of the TVET system in collaboration with the social pa ers. * Component B: Standard-based Qualification and Training System. The dvelopment of a standard-based qualification, training and assessment framework is a key to raisi g relevance and quality in the TVET system. * Component C: Quality Improvement. This component is designed to address the quality problems affecting the DINET and the INEPF (Ministry of Labour) schools. Major problems ae under-qualified and insufficiently skilled teachers, shortage of teaching aids, partly dilapidate workshops for practical training and outdated curricula. * Component D: Fundo para o Desenvolvimento de Competencias Profissi ais (FUNDEC). Component D is designed to assist the emergence of market-responsive tr ining in various occupational areas and for different target groups on a demand basis. Negative environmental and social impacts Under PIREP, physical environmental impacts will result mainly from the rehabilitatio and construction activities. The environmental impacts are expected to be limited to the managemen of wastes at the rehabilitation /construction sites (waste water, solid waste, rejection and elimination of rastes such as oils and paints, unsafe disposal of asbestos), soil erosion, loss of vegetation, as well as dus and noise during the works. At the social level, the rehabilitation works can generate adverse effects, for example, isk of outbreak of social conflicts; occupation of private lands during works; exclusion of vulner ble groups from participating in and benefiting from project activities; land acquisitions/use resulti ig in involuntary resettlement and/or loss of livelihoods or access to economic resources. PIREP has prey ared, separately, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) which will guide the implementation of m igation measures related to land acquisition should this become necessary. National Environmental legislation At national level, there are various legal instruments approved in environmental field: * The National Environmental Management Programme (NEMP); * The Environmental laws : environmental law n° 20/97, of October 1; The Land law N°19/97 of 1 October 1997; * EIA regulations: The decree n°45/2004 of September, 29, related on the process of A; 5 * EIE guidelines: The decree n°32/2003 of august, 12, concerning the Enviro mental Audit Environmental quality standard World Bank's Safeguard Policies PIREP has triggered two of the World Bank's Safeguard Policies, namely, OP 4. 1 Environmental Assessment and OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement. The remaining operational policie are not triggered by PIREP. Annex 6 summarizes these safeguards policies. Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) The objective of this Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to provide an environmental and social screening process to allow for the identification, assessment ind mitigation of potential negative environmental and social impacts related to the rehabilitation of 1 0-1 4 existing teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems. It has not been determine which of these training centers and related facilities will be rehabilitated. According to Mozambique E ivironmental law, specific investment activities require EIAs, whereas there are no clear EIA requirementi for activities of a smaller scale, but which might have negative localized impacts that would require appr priate mitigation. This is the reason why the PIREP will use the environmental and social screening proc ss outlined in the ESMF. This process will allow the PIREP to identify, assess and mitigate otential negative environmental and social impacts at the time they are planning rehabilitation activities, nd, if necessary, carry out separate EIAs should the screening results indicate the need for such separate IAs. Methodology used to prepare the ESMF The present ESMF was prepared based on existing general literature, among them: the Mozambican Education Policy Framework, Mozambican Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelir s, and the World Bank's Safeguard Policies. Besides these documents, a lot of consultations with var ous stakeholders, including communities and the general public, were undertaken before writing the frame ork. The screening process The different stages of the environmental and social screening process are summarize in the following paragraphs. The scope of the environmental and social measures required for the PIRE activities will be dependent on the results of the screening process. Thus, the results of this scree ing process will determine whether (a) no environmental work will be required; (b) the impleme tation of simple mitigation measures will suffice; or (c) a separate EIA will be required. Stages Responsibilities 1. Screening of teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems at each of the sites of these facilities, using the Environmental Focal Point located i the Planning and Environmental and Social Screening Form Monitoring Unit of the Executive S cretariat of COREP (Annex 2) l 2. Assigning the appropriate Environmental The Environmental Focal Point loca ed in the Planning Categories (A, B, or C) and Monitormng Unit of the Executii e Secretariat of Environmental Focal Point located in the Planning and 3. Carrying out Environmental Work, i.e. Monitoring Unit of the Executive S cretariat of COREP implementing simple mitigation measures will make appropriate recommenda ons to the MICOA (Annex 3), or, carrying out a separate EIA Provincial Directorates as to the ne ssary environmental work. 6 4. Review and Approval 4.1 Approval of (i) the screening results ; (ii) the assigned environmental category; and (iii) MICOA Provincial Directorates recommendations of the Environmental Focal Point (COREP) * The EFP of COREP will (i) draft EIA terms of reference; (ii) prepare criteria analysis and analyse proposed candidatures; (iii) sel ct the most qualified consultant and submit it to the a proval of coordinator of the project coordination uni (iv) lead the public 4.2 Selection of the consultant in case consultations; and (v) le, d the EWAJESMP of the need for a separate EIA authorization procedure by the A ICOA departments. * The Project Coordination Unit (I xecutive Secretariat of COREP) approved the selecti n of consultant prepared by the EFP and design greement to conduct the required EIA. 4.3 Carrying out the Environmental Authorized Consultants Impact Assessment (EIA) 4.4 Approval of environmental assessment MICOA Provincial Directorates. Environmental Focal Point located i the Planning and Monitoring Unit of the Executive Sc retariat of COREP will ensure that the results of (i) the nvironmental and 5. Public consultations and disclosure social screening process; and (ii) the separate EIA report are made accessible to all relevant sl keholders, including potentially affected persons Technical services of municipalities where training 6. Monitoring facilities will be rehabilitated * Environmental Focal Point locat d in the Planning and Monitoring Unit of the ExecutiN Secretary of COREP will ensure that the envir nmental and social 7. EniomnanScaniaosmonitoring indicators listed in t e ESMF are included 7. Environmental and Social Indicators in PIE, moiorn pr gramadfloe in PIREP' s monitoring prc gam and followed regularly * Technical services of muni ipalities ensure the monitoring Environmental management Plan (EMP) An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for PIREP is intended to ensure effici nt environmental management of the Project. Thus, the EMP lists (a) the relevant project activities- (b) the potential negative environmental and social impacts; (c) the proposed mitigation measures; (d) hose who will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures; (e) those who will monitor the mplementation of the mitigation measures; (f) the frequency of the afore-mentioned measures; (g) capaci y building needs; 7 and (h) the cost estimates for these activities. The EMP will be included in PIREP's Project Implementation Manual, and the costs for implementing the EMP will be included in PREP's Project Costs. A summary table of the EMP is provided in Annex 7. Capacity building Capacity for environmental management and monitoring will be required at the natior and provincial level for: (i) The Environmental Focal Point (EFP) of the Plan & Monitoring Unit (Exc utive Secretariat of COREP) to strengthen his/her capacity to apply the screening process as outlined in I e ESMF; (ii) for members of the Technical services of those municipalities where training facilities are t be rehabilitated; (iii) As necessary, members of the Technical Review Committee of the Provincid I Directorates of MICOA, will receive training with regard to review of screening results and separate EIA reports, and making effective recommendations for the approval/disapproval of construction ind rehabilitation activities to the Executive Committee of the Provincial Directorate of MICOA. Trai ing programmes should be carried out by national firms specialized in EIA (such as IMPACTO, etc.). Ilhus the total cost for capacity building is estimated at 35 000 US$. Institutions responsible for implementing and monitoring the mitigation measures The main institutions with key roles and responsibilities for environmental and social ma iagement are: Coordination/supervision * The Environmental Focal Point located in the Executive Secretariat of COREP will be responsible for completing the environmental and social screening lists (Annex 2); the c vironmental and social checklists (Annex 3); and determining the environmental category of thc screened activity to be able to identify and mitigate the potential environmental and social impa( ts of construction and rehabilitation activities. As required, he/she will receive environmental trai ing to be able to carry out this task. * The Environmental Focal Point will ensure the supervision (overseeing) of the mplementation of mitigation measures Execution/implementation * Individual consultants or consultancy firm will be responsible for (a) carrying o t the EIA studies, and (b) drafting the environmental section of a manual for the maintenance of eaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems.. * The contractors are responsible for the implementation of the mitigation measu es as indicated in the Environmental Guidelines for Contractors (Annex 5), including the borrow pits rehabilitation for material construction. Monitoring * The Technical services of municipalities (where training facilities will be re ibilitated) will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of the mitigation measures. ! ~~~8 1. INTRODUCTION Background: The Government of the Republic of Mozambique is preparing a project to tran form the TVET system to respond more effectively, equitably and in a timely and articulated n anner to labour market needs, using a qualifications framework and being sensitive to gender and HIV/AIDS issues. In the context of this project it is planned among other things, to impri ve the physical infrastructure. At pilot institutions, the project will fund the rehabilitation )f the physical infrastructure, including water supply and sanitation systems, workshops, anI other teaching facilities essential for piloting the new courses. Maintenance procedures will Fe introduced in connection with the rehabilitation. While planning of the civil works is schedule for years 1 and 2, the actual rehabilitation is likely to be carried out during years 3 and 4.) It is within this context that this current Environmental and Social Manage ent Framework (ESMF) was prepared to ensure that the environmental and social aspects c f future PIREP rehabilitation activities are correctly taken into account. The proposed project will support the TVET reform efforts of the Government of Mozambique. It supports the Action Plan for Reduction of Poverty (PARPA) which emphasizes t ie importance of investing in relevant quality skills development as a means to reduce pove ty. The Bank's investment in TVET in Mozambique is justified through its expected impact on p )verty reduction through the enhancement of the competitiveness and productivity of key econ mic sectors and increased opportunities for gainful employment in the informal sector. Th investment is complementary to the Bank's effort to develop the private sector and increase , cess to general education. As part of the project's support to Mozambique's TVET reform efforts, it wil be necessary to improve the physical infrastructure, for example, teaching facilities and related ater supply and sanitation systems. To ensure that these infrastructure improvements are c rried out in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner, the project develop d the present Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) as per terms of re lrence below. A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared under separate terms f reference, and will be implemented in conjunction with this ESMF. The objective of this ESMF is to provide an environmental and social screenin , process for the future rehabilitation of PIREP's teaching facilities and related water suppl and sanitation systems, as the exact facilities to be rehabilitated could not be identified prior to ppraisal. 9 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Context and Objectives of PIREP In August 2004 the World Bank (WB) and Cooperating Partners (CP) entered in o an agreement with the Government of Mozambique (GoM) to assist with financial and tech iical support to prepare an investment operation in Technical and Vocational Education and Ti aining (TVET). The intended investment expects to support Government's efforts to: (a) im lement system reforms to modernize the TVET system; (b) increase the supply and productivity f skilled labour in key sectors of the economy; (c) increase, relevance, internal efficiency and qt ality of existing TVET; and (d) improve the opportunities of school leavers to find gainful em )loyment in the formal and informal sectors of the economy. The Government's policy intentio s, including the proposed Integrated TVET Project, are outlined in the Government's Plan 2005-2 09. The proposed project will support the TVET reform efforts of the Government of Mozambique. It supports the Action Plan for Reduction of Poverty (PARPA) which emphasizes t] Le importance of investing in relevant quality skills development as a means to reduce poverty. 2.2 Project Components The PIREP will comprise four components, a description of each is outlined be w. Transversal thematic issues such as HIV/AIDS and gender will be central in the design of he components. Operational and implementation issues related to procurement, financial n anagement and monitoring and evaluation will be incorporated in the design of the components nd in particular, into the roles and responsibilities of the institutions that will be entrusted with tl e execution and coordination of the Project. Similarly, environmental management will be an integral part of project implementation. * Component A: Institutional Arrangement. Component A will ass st the GOM to establish the institutional framework necessary to develop a labour-mar -et relevant and accessible TVET in Mozambique in a coordinated, stakeholder-driven and sustainable manner. The objective of the component is to set up, or prepare the ( tablishment of, appropriate structures for the administration, management and financil g of the TVET system in collaboration with the social partners. Component Sub-con ponents include (Al) Setting of the institutional framework; (A2) sustainable TVET financing and (A3) Decentralized TVET management. * Component B: Standard-based Qualification and Training System. he development of a standard-based qualification, training and assessment framework is a key to raising relevance and quality in the TVET system. It will change the current eurriculum-based (input-based) orientation in TVET towards outcome-orientation, with training contents defined as competency standards that form the benchmark for training and assessment. This will enable integration and articulation of different TVET delivery ystems and thus foster access of previously neglected target groups through the emergen e of non-formal and private training provision. During the preparation process, a preliminary qualifications framework outline has been agreed upon consisting of five evels aligned to 10 existing qualification levels in the general education system. This will f rm the basis of the component activities. The new standard-based qualification and tr4 ning system in Mozambique will be harmonized, as far as possible, with best practice n neighbouring SADC countries. The sub-components include (BI) Development of occupational tandards; (B2) Development of training programs based on occupational stand rds; and (B3) Development of standard-based assessment and certification. * Component C: Quality Improvement. Component C is designed to ad ress the quality problems affecting the DINET and the INEPF schools. The objective of t e component is to increase the relevance of the competencies of men and women throug improving the quality of the technical education provided by the pilot institutions. A 10-11 selected pilot TVET institutions, the project will fund (i) development and pilotirig of courses for teachers and management staff; (ii) relevant equipment, tools, and learning materials; (iii) necessary rehabilitation of the physical infrastructure; (iv) development and piloting of new learning materials; and (v) development and piloting of student coun eling methods. The sub-components comprise (Cl) Provision of relevant pre and in-ser ice teacher and instructor training and capacitization of school management; (C2 Provision of equipment, tool, and learning materials; (C3) Improvement of physic 1 infrastructure; (C4) Development and provision of appropriate learning materials; and (C 5) Development of career guidance and student/trainees services. * Component D: Fundo para o Desenvolvimento de CompetWnci s Profissionais (FUNDEC). Component D is designed to assist the emergence of m rket-responsive training in various occupational areas and for different target groups on a demand basis. It is specifically aimed at promoting innovation and initiatives for the mprovement of quality and relevance of training, and at increasing access of out-of-schc ol population in the rural areas (especially women) to employment oriented TVET. The cc mponent will be implemented as a fund (FUNDEC: Fundo para o Desenvolvimento a e Competencias Profissionais) accessible to public and private training providers on a c mpetitive basis. Unlike Components B and C, activities to be financed by FUNDEC a not limited to selected target sectors. Thus, the ESMF is designed to identify, assess and mitigate potential negative er vironmental and social impacts related to sub-component (C3). To the extent that PIREP activi ies involve land acquisition, the principles and procedures outlined in the afore-mentioned RPF will be applied to ensure that potential negative social impacts are mitigated appropriately. I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3. BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE COUNTRY 3.1. Biophysical Environment The republic of Mozambique is located at the sub-east of African Contine t. Mozambique borders it at the North; Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Swaziland at t le West; South Africa at the South and Indian Ocean at the East. There are 799,380 km2 of riational territory including inland bodies of water. The country is relatively flat particularly in the coastal regions. From the coasts to the interior in an east-west direction, there is a coastal pL in (40% of the territory with the highest population density); plateaus with altitudes of 200 to 000 meters and finally high plateaus and mountains over 1000 meters high. Mozambique's ndian coastline stretches for approximately 2500 km. The proximity of the sea and the ichness of the Mozambican River basins favor small scale and industrial fisheries. The co ntry is rich in wildlife and natural resources, such as coal and natural gas. Soils The northern and some parts of the central and western areas have red soils o varying texture (from light sandy soils to clay loams). Low fertility red soils occur in Sofala p ovince north of Beira. Alluvial soils occur in the Zambezi river basin. Though prone to salinisai on, particularly in delta areas, these soils have a high potential for agriculture. Due to slope, sh, lowness of soil ands high rainfall there is a high potential for soil erosion in these areas. Climate There is great variation in mean annual rainfall across the target area. Most f the coastline receives 750 to 1,000 mm of rain per year. The interior of the Zambezi Valley, i i Tete province, is semi arid, receiving less than 600 mm average annual rainfall. There are a seri s of very humid pockets associated with mountains areas e.g., Mt. Binga (Manica Province), Mt. Gorongosa (Sofala Province) and Mt. Namuli (Zambezia Province) which receive more t] an 2,000mm of rainfall per year. There is a distinct rainy season between November to Marc followed by a distinct dry season between April and October. Mozambique frequently suff rs from floods, cyclones and droughts that some times reach disastrous proportions, causing dea h of people and animals, mass population displacement, negative effects on agricultural productic , etc. Hydrology Mozambique comprises thirty-nine major rivers which drain into to the Indian cean along the country's 2,700 km coastline. The major perennial rivers of Zambezia province are the Licungo (Lugela), Raraga, M'lela, Molocue, Ligonha and Meluli. The most imp rtant River in Mozambique is the Zambezi. The Zambezi River enters Mozambique at umbo where it immediately swells into the impoundment of Lake Cahora Bassa. The most impd -tant tributary of the Zambezi is the Shire River, which drains Lake Mozambique via the Rift Vall y. Vegetation In Mozambique the main broad vegetation type, based on structure, is savannal woodland. The most common woodland type is "miombo" covering much of Niassa, Cabo De gado, Nampula, Zambezia, Sofala, Manica and Inhambane provinces. There are several different ypes of miombo determined by variations in rainfall and soils. The second most extensive woodl nd is "mopane" 12 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ woodland occurring in the Limpopo- Save area and in the mid-Zambezi Valley Together these two types of woodland cover approximately 70% of Mozambique. Other vegetation types include: Acacia woodland. There are two extensive ireas of Acacia woodland, a southern; formation (in the area of Moamba, Magude and Guij ) and a central formation; running approximately in a north-east direction through Manica and S:ofala provinces; Lowland palm savannah in coastal areas containing badly drained soils of ofala province; Vegetation on alluviums in the Zambezi Delta. A seasonally-inundated lowlan formation (the Gorongosa "tandos") links the Zambezi Valley with the Pungue River in the soui via the Urema trough (Rift Valley); and Mangroves are well developed in coastal Zambeziia anc Sofala. Fauna Mozambique has rich diversity of mammal fauna; 211 terrestrial mammal specie and 11 marine mammals have been recorded. Only one mammal species is considered endemic o Mozambique, a white-bellied red squirrel confined to Namuli Mountain (Zambezia province) Approximately 900 species have been recorded for southern Africa; of these 581 have b en recorded in Mozambique. There are a number of near endemic and restricted range species, r ostly associated with isolated mountains habitats such as Gorongosa (Sofala), Chimanimani (Ma lica), Chiperone and Namrrli (Zambezia) Mountains. However, it has to be recognized that without the PIREP programme, out of the i to 11 training facilities to be rehabilitated, only (3) of them are located in regions containing pr tected areas. They are the industrial Scholl of Pemba which is located in the district of de Pem a that hosts the following forest reserves: Mepalue; Ribaue; Mecuburi; Matibane; Baixo Pinda ). We have to point out that the teaching facilities are located in urban and semi urban areas, an consequently will not have any effects on these protected areas. Table 1 National Parks in the project area Designation Provinces Districts Areas (km2) PN das Quirimbas C. Delgado Quissanga; Ibo; Pemba-Metuge; 7.500 Meluco; Ancuabe; Macomia Table 2 Forest Reserves in the project area Designation Provinces Districts Areas (km2) Mepalue Nampula Ribaue 42,5 Ribaue Nampula Ribaue 37,5 Mecuburi Nampula Mecuburi 2.300, Matibane Nampula Nacala 199,0 Baixo Pinda Nampula Memba 196,0 13 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3.2 Environmental potential constraints Major environmental issues in the country can be classified in relation to either 1 d degradation or the erosion of biodiversity, both of which should be taken into consideration d ring both the preparation and implementation on the PIREP project. Land degradation . loss of soil fertility - intrinsically linked to itinerant agriculture and it's shiftin cultivation system and prevalent across all provinces . soil erosion - the area of great risk covers the central provinces of Manica, Tele and . Zambezia . soil salinisation - a problem common to major river basins e.g. the Zambezi . soil acidification - typically a consequence of intensification of agriculture pr duction; . loss of vegetation cover - the driving forces are: forest clearings for agricultur purposes (itinerant agriculture and it's shifting cultivation system for regeneration of so 1 productivity, were the prime cause of the damages to forest, natural vegetation and ecosyst ms); uncontrolled forest fires; wood-fuel and building material extractions, and tirr ber harvesting and hand-crafting. Land productivity symptoms resulting from these situations may be the followix g: . Reduced crop yields, because of the lower nutrient and organic matter conten , . Reduced soil depth, salinity, poor structure and aeration, etc; . Great need for agriculture inputs, e.g. more fertilizers to compensate for nutri nts losses; . Reduced land value, and eventually loss of land due to salinisation, sodificati n, desertification, etc; . Increased frequency and seriousness of floods; . Loss of water resources with consequences to loss of hydropower and fish stc ks; • Effects on health and quality of life caused by soil and water pollution. Erosion of Biodiversity Of the country's entire protected areas network, 50% of the national parks, 4 % of the game reserves, 77% of the hunting Coutadas and all of the forest reserves are situa led in the target provinces, along with 75% of the country's areas of outstanding biological value. Loss of biodiversity through a broad spectrum of development related activities remain a critical threat and is of special significance to the target provinces which contain a disproportic nate share of the country's flagship areas of conservation significance. 14 3.3. Socioeconomic Environment Mozambique's population is approximately 17, 600,0001 and the natural growth ate is 2.4%. The proportion of children under 15 years old, projected for 2001, is 44.5% of th population and about 75% of the population lives in rural areas, but in the past 10 to 15 year , there has been significant migration to cities due to the war (19976-1992). The groups that fo med around the cities and towns have been settled there, causing problems of urban organizatio , sanitation and waste management. Administratively, the country is divided into 10 provinces a id Maputo City, the national capital, which has the status of a province. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Mozambique was estimate( at 230 USD in 2000. Agriculture, manufacturing industry and commerce are the largest area in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. The variables that determine poverty are : (i) slow economic growth until the beginning of the 1990s; (ii) low educational level of eco- lomically active household members, particularly women; (iii) high rates of dependency within ouseholds; (iv) low family agricultural productivity; (v) lack of work opportunities both withir and outside the agricultural sector; (vi) poor development of infrastructure, particularly in n ral areas. Some indicators illustrate this situation: the incidence of poverty is 69.4% (72.2% i] i rural zone and 62% in urban zone); the number of doctors for 100 000 inhabitants is 6 and t e prevalence of HIV is rather high. Mozambique's growth rate has been 9% from 1997 to 2002, well above the Afr can average and among the highest in the world, and is projected at between 7% and 12% ann ally until 2005. Growth has been driven mainly by mega-projects, foreign investment, and st ong agricultural performance. Poverty, however, remains deep and may not have been reduced in the rural areas, where 70% of Mozambicans live. Improved quality of and increased access to safe water in urban and rural areas is among the six priority areas of the Government's p verty reduction strategy, known as PARPA, endorsed by the Board of Directors of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in August 2001. Education and Training sector In Primary Education, Mozambique has made substantial progress in impi ving access to primary education. Between 1992 and 2004, Primary Education 1 et 2 enrolmc it rose from 1.3 million to 3.5 million, and the number of schools grew dramatically from 2,8 6 to 9,489. The Gross Admission Rate in grade 1 increased from 59% to 123% in the same pe iod. At the EP2 level enrolment has also risen substantially. The secondary education is marked by the following situation: Total 2004 enrolment (both was 200,000 in secondary education 1 of vhich 15% were in private schools; secondary education 2 enrolment was 28,000 with 31% o these in private schools; Roughly 41% at both levels were girls. Annual Population Projections by Province, 1997-2010 15 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Vocational and Technical Education and Training (TVET) Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is an essential elem nt of secondary education whose key aim is to contribute to the creation of a skilled workf rce essential to strengthening economic growth and lifting individuals and communities ut of poverty. However, up to now, TVET in Mozambique has been relatively ineffective. The reasons include aspects of access, relevance, effectiveness and efficiency, coherence and coordinC ion. More than 90% of the labor force depends on the informal sector for its subsi tence, while an estimated 520,000 are employed in the formal sector, public and prival . Overall, the Mozambican workforce is very poorly educated and has limited skills. Half of th population has no education at all or only basic literacy skills. Technical and vocational edu ation is mainly provided by the National Directorate of Technical Education (DINET) of he Ministry of Education (MINED), but also other ministries and a few private training institutions are providing post-primary education. DINET is in charge of about 45 TVE scho ls offering pre- employment training, primarily at the lower secondary level and enrolling about 41,000 students (20% are girls). The Ministry of Labor (MINTRAB) through the National Institt te for Technical and Vocational Training (INEEP), NGOs and churches offer non-formal vocat onal training to different target groups (including school leavers) without alternative educationa options. While DINET schools enroll about 11,000 people, the five MINTRAB training centers offer short-term courses to an estimated 1,5000 people every year. The private training marke is at an infant stage. Employers-based staff training is mainly found in large enterprises, the so-called mega- projects. Traditional apprenticeship is widespread in the informal sector. More han 95% of all TVE is provided by public schools. 16 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF PIREP 4.1. Environmental impacts due to planned rehabilitation activities a. Potential negative environmental impacts The adverse environmental impacts of the project will mainly come from the reh bilitation works of the teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems (loss o vegetation, soil and ground water pollution, soil erosion, generation of solid and liquid wastes . Rehabilitation activities will include water proofing of leaking roofs, replacement of broken fitt 1gs, repairing of malfunctioning drainage, water and electrical installations, painting, etc. In add tion we have to point out that the extraction of construction materials from quarries could const tute a source of adverse impacts on the natural environment in terms of loss of vegetatio i, but also the degradation of the landscape aesthetics. The temporary quarries will certainly ne d to be restored after exploitation. The environmental impacts are expected to be limited to the management ( f wastes at the construction sites (waste water, solid waste, rejection and elimination of wastes uch as oils and paints), asbestos disposal, as well as dust and noise during the works. The environmental impacts such as soil erosion, soil and water pollution, vegeta on loss, and the impact caused by the increase of solid and liquid wastes can originate from t e rehabilitation activities, from the subsequent operation of these teaching facilities and the u of quarries as sources of construction materials. These impacts depend mainly on the scope md scale of the works, but also on the rolling stock to be mobilized, the surface area needs and the surface area availability, the importance of the supply needs, etc. As a whole, the direct an indirect effects are the following ones: * Various pollutions (uncontrolled discharge of solid and liquid wastes from le rehabilitation sites) and possible negative impacts on public health such as traffic accident , or exposure to noise and dust. * The use of machines working with fuel, oils and lubricants on work sites ma be a siource of groundwater's contamination risks by infiltration, particularly in some com unes where the groundwaters are shallow. * Unsafe disposal of asbestos: the rehabilitation of training facilities will requi the disposal of asbestos (from degraded roofs, etc.). Anarchical rejection of these hazardous vaste may cause nuisances on public health if any safe system is not taken for their disposal Proper asbestos disposal will be among the responsibilities of the contractors. Asbestos can b disposed safely in sealed plastic containers to be buried for example in municipal landfills. In order to cope with these adverse impacts, the environmental and social s eening process proposed in the ESMF will be conducted in such a way as to ensure that p tential negative impacts are mitigated appropriately.. It is recommended that Environmenta Guidelines for 17 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Contractors (Annex 5) are used to ensure that the rehabilitation activities ard carried out in compliance with the mitigation measures proposed in the ESMF. These guidelines can be written into contractual agreements and form the basis for monitoring compliance. In addition, ESMF would have to mitigate potential health impacts on the surrounding populati0 t such as dust, noise, traffic accidents and an increase in water-related diseases due to standii g waters in the borrow pits. 4.2. Social impacts due to planned rehabilitation activities The main social issues in Mozambique today are: * Acute Poverty - poverty is wide spread in the country, despite its potenti and rich resource endowment * The Tragedy f HIV/AIDS - HIV/AIDS affects both education coverage E id quality. It dampens the demand for education as affected households have fewer res( urces to spend on education either because of reduced income due to morbidity of incom earners or diversion of source resources for health care. * The Crisis in Education - An exceedingly small proportion of the Mozan bican age group completes secondary education. * Gender Issues - Women are often poorer than men, own less land and liv stock and have fewer years of schooling. a. Positive Social Impacts Overall, the PIREP is likely to have a positive impact on the social issues in Mo ambique, in the short, medium and long term, for the following reasons: * The PIREP, under the overall objectives of the program will address th following five main issues: (i) Lack of access and completion of TVE; (ii) Inequit of access and throughput among geographical areas, income groups and between gende s; (iii) High per student cost on households and the public sector in TVE; (iv) Low qu lity of TVE in terms of learning outcomes; (v) Ineffective organization and management f TVE. * Through increase enrolment in TVE, additional opportunities for public I alth awareness and education for protection and prevention against HIV/AIDS will be a, ilable for TVE school going age among boys and girls. It is this age group that is particu arly vulnerable to this epidemic. Thus, the improvement of the teaching facilities will have major positive effects n the education system in general, (particularly in the technical and vocational fields): increase the number of schools; improving working conditions; etc. The rehabilitation of teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation s tems are likely to contribute to improvements in the visual aesthetics of the environment ncluding good landscape integration. More specifically, these activities can help improve the dil pidated state as well as the enviromnmental hygiene at these teaching facilities. 18 I Rehabilitation of school infrastructures: The rehabilitation of teaching facilities will facilitate the reintegration of a great Oumber of pupils into the school system, and particularly boost a qualitative and quantitative de elopment of the education system in the concerned areas (increase of school attendance by boys E d girls; etc.). The works will contribute towards recreating a healthy school environme its (schools are enclosed and are not used anymore as open sewers, and access is controlled), th strengthening of the quality of learning and work context for respectively pupils and teachers - |he tranquility of premises is ensured with the erected fences). This will encourage also many mo parents to send their children to school and mainly strengthen proximity teaching in conce ed areas. This situation will also help to improve hygiene, reduce begging and the number c children in the streets. Rehabilitation will also contribute to: the increase of the number of schools (increase of the number of available seats for schoolboys) including working conditions; -he decrease of disparities between girls and boys; access to basic education for the poorest ocial strata; the improvement of the quality of education, increasing schools attendance rate; improvement of hygiene in the schools; the reduction of begging and the number of children i the streets; the reduction of children working in the crafts industry and home economies; t e eradication of illiteracy as well as the reduction of disparities between regions. Rehabilitation works will contribute to consolidating and creating jobs in the t wns hosting the teaching facilities to be targeted by the project. The work will bring about a higb local manpower use and the hiring of skilled workers (masons, carpenters, building wo kers, plumbers, electricians, etc.), this will increase the incomes of the local populations, imp ove their living conditions, and contribute significantly to the fight against poverty. Rehabilitation of the clean water supply systems in schools: The availability of clean water in schools will help pupils to have correct pers nal hygiene and dietary habits, and reduce the effects of lethal and debilitating diseases. As a hole, the living conditions will be improved because the pupils will no longer use unsanitar water sources. Moreover, the repair of some damaged pipes will allow for a reduction of watr leaks and will contribute thus to fighting against the waste of water. Rehabilitation of sanitary installations in schools: The absence or the non-operation of sanitary installations (WC) in schools ca be a cause for serious nuisances in schools. The building or restoration of sanitary installation will strengthen hygienic conditions prevailing in the concerned areas, avoid them to be areas for he development and proliferation of waterborne diseases and other diseases given by insects, th deterioration of living conditions of school attendants, to avoid the pollution of ground-waters and other water sources by wastewaters, etc... The sanitary installations in schools must be reg larly cleaned in order to offer to pupils an environment where it is pleasant to study. 19 b. Negative Social Impacts At the social level, the rehabilitation works can generate the below adverse effect : * During rehabilitation - poor performance of civil works contractors (and t eir supervisors) leading to unsuccessful incorporation of the proposed mitigation measures. * Poor implementation of the maintenance plan during operational phases of tle public service infrastructure/school financed under this project, due to a lack of funds, negli gence of staff or failure in the monitoring this stage. * On the human environment, the goings and comings of vehicles transport ng the building materials may hold up the traffic and mobility in general, thus adding to the r uisances (noise, dusts) the populations will be exposed to, without forgetting to mention roa I accidents. The same applies also to the handling of dust materials (cement and sand) hat may annoy neighboring inhabitants (dusts). * Impacts on the health of the populations: The different pollution and nuis nces associated with the works could have some effects on the health of neighboring populati bns: dust, noise, road and accidents. * Toilet facilities at schools (including waste management): The teaching facilities in the urban centres and in some rural areas are very degraded and damaged. Ther fore in order to minimise these negative impacts, it is recommended that toilet management committees are set up in all teaching facilities. The committees shall be charged wit i cleaning and maintenance of the toilets and running awareness campaigns. Afte - infrastructure rehabilitation, the Headmasters or Directorates of training facilities will be responsible for overseeing the work of these committees. * Sanitary risks associated with quarries: PIREP has to take into a count potential environmental impacts due to the use of borrow pits as sources of constructi :n materials for the rehabilitation of the teaching facilities. Quarries (mainly temporar3 ones) for the exploitation of the material necessary for rehabilitation of infrastructures co ld contribute to the proliferation of disease carrier insects (malaria), they can also be the cai ise of drowning particularly with children, and contribute to the development of waterborne disease such as bilharzias. * Risk of outbreak of social conflicts: In terms of local employment, the X on-use of local resident manpower during the rehabilitation and construction of the infra tructures could cause some frustrations at the local level (and could lead to social conflicts), |f we know that unemployment is widespread in the dry season. * Occupation of private lands during works: In the course of the rehabilita ion works, it is possible for the works to occupy private lands (installation of building sites I ases, storage of equipment, parking of machines etc.). This could lead to the degradation of oncerned lands 20 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ or even be a source of loss of revenue and livelihoods for their owners and isers in terrns of exploitation or/valorization. In addition, other adverse social impacts are likely to arise from the following: * Absence of a participatory process involving local communities in the prc aration of their District and Provincial Schools Development Plans by their Local Govern nents. * Exclusion of vulnerable groups from participating in and benefitir from project activities, i.e., from barriers to access to/ enrolment in secondary |chools due to stigmatization, harmful cultural practices, acute poverty among vu] ierable groups, discrimination, lack of participation in the planning process etc. * Land acquisitions/use resulting in involuntary resettlement or loss of livel hoods. PIREP will also focus on reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS in schools and t] [eir surrounding communities through the following measures: Training of school administrators and teachers in methods of HIV/AIDS control in public institutions, building fences around ins tutions to avoid unnecessary interaction between surrounding communities and students, cre ting awareness among students, communities and staff through the introduction of HIV/AI S programmes, provision of resources to schools for capacity building in HIV/AIDS aiid encouraging participation of public and private organizations including NGOs in HIV/ IDS awareness campaign in schools. A list of possible factors was presented to the sample of stakeholders intervic wed in order to elicit some clear responses or give examples of possible risks and adverse in pact, especially regarding issues such as gender and rural areas. According to the Social Assessment, the implementation of PlIREP may pose some risks and adverse impacts vis-a-vis the socio-cultural and political context of each provii ce. Factors that may hinder the success of the program are of special interest. Among the facto s mentioned by stakeholders that constitute potential risks which may contribute to adverse impact are: * Lack of TVET institutions in rural areas * Industrial sector incapable of absorbing all graduates due its own weakne, es * Lack of capacity to increase the salary of workers even after acquiring prc fessional skills * Insufficient number of TVET institutions at the national level * Lack of boarding facilities to facilitate access of women to TVET * Insufficient classrooms, which results in a high student-teacher ratio an low quality of training * Discrimination of women pursuing industrial courses both by teachers anc employers * Low involvement of employers in definition of training needs, graduate pi Dfile and course content * Inadequate or insufficient training of teachers and school directors in th context of the new curriculum, management and teaching-learning system * Teachers who are not well paid or who lack incentives to perform under ttie new system * Misunderstanding or non consideration of the socio-cultural factors tha prevent young women from attending TVET institutions or that force them to drop out ol school. 21 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Potential significant differences may appear between pilot and non ilot institutions regarding the quality of training provided and the type of resources and tr ining they have access to. Some non pilot institutions may become unhappy about this ituation after a couple of years, especially if they are not able to access grants through F EC. The environmental and social screening form (Annex 2); the environmental and social checklist (Annex 3); the mitigation measures described in Annex 4, and the environment 1 guidelines for contractors described in Annex 5 are specifically designed to ensure that advers social impacts from PIREP activities are identified and captured in the planning stages and the e-in effectively mitigated. Both environmental and social mitigation measures would be verin able monitored during the various stages of the program cycle. 22 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMEN AL MANAGEMENT In this section the legal and institutional framework for environmental management in Mozambique is summarised, as well at international as at nation al level. In t e context of the PIREP, the key elements of the framework are: * The international conventions * The National Environment Management Program * The Environmental Law * EIA Regulations * The Land Policy * The others natural resources law * The role of District and Provincial Administrations and MICOA and regarding environmental management in urban areas 5.1. International Conventions The Republic of Mozambique is a party to many international agreements on Bic diversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone layer protection, N rie Life, Conservation, etc. Examples are: * Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazar lous Wastes and their Disposal (1989) * Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural eritage, Paris (1972) * Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological ( Biological and Toxic Weapons, and their Destruction, London (1972) * Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) * Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna And Flora (CITE S) (1973) * Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Trans boundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes Within Africa, Bamak , Mali (1991) * UN Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Ser bus Drought an /or Desertification particularly in Africa (1994) * Lusaka Agreement on Co-operative Enforcement Operations Directed at legal Trade in W ld Fauna and Flora (1994) * Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987) * Phyto-sanitary Convention for Africa, Kinshasa (1967) * UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) * UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) * Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. 23 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5.2. National Environmental Management Programme (NEMP) The National Environmental Management Programme (NEMP), approved by the Council of Ministers in 1995, seeks to promote and implement sound environmental pol cy. The NEMP represents the culmination of a series of initiatives and activities coordinated by the Ministry for Co-ordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). It is the master plan for the environment in Mozambique and contains a National Environment Policy, Framework Environmental Legislation and Environmental Strategy. The NEMP consists of Sectoral Plans, for the medium and long term, which is intended to lead to sustainable development in Mo ambique. Three policy areas are defined: Rural; Coastal and Urban. The other environmental s ategies existing are: * The National Strategy and action Plan on Biodiversity Conservation * The National Strategy on Climate Change * The National Action Plan to combat Desertification. 5.3. Social strategies * Action Plan for the reduction of absolute poverty (2001-2005) (PARP ) The Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty (PARPA) is ttie Government's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). As such it provides the bluepi nt for economic and social development and reflects the commitments of both the Go ernment and its external partners. It further identifies expansion of access and incre sed educational opportunity as the first of six priority areas of action, together wi th health, rural development, rural infrastructure, good governance, and careful macr economic and financial management. * The Education Sector Strategic Plan II The ESSP II strategy is designed to support the three key objectives of tt e Government's overall economic and social development policy: (i) Reducing absoli ite poverty; (ii) Ensuring justice and gender equity; and (iii) Fighting the spread of H1V/AIDS and mitigating its impact. ESSP II supports PARPA through strategic inte -ventions in the education system. As per strategy in Technical and vocational education Training, t e ESSP II will provide a framework for starting to address some of the main problems id ntified above. In a Letter of TVET Sector Policy (LSP) signed in June 2005, the Gover iment spells out in more detail its intention with respect to the intended TVET ref rm. Elements highlighted in the LSP are: (i) creation of a new labour-market orient d paradigm for TVET with special attention to the situation of women and the rural population; (ii) emphasis on the struggle against HIV/AIDS; (iii) introduction of occup tional standards and modularized curricula; (iv) establishment of an independent nati, nal system for evaluation and certification; (v) introduction of an accreditation system; (z i) establishment of a system for technical teacher training; and (vii) introduction of a dec tralized system 24 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ for TVET management. Furthermore, the Government has expressed its commitment to diversify the funding sources for TVET in order to maintain long-term sus ainability. 5.4. National Environmental Legislation At national level, there are various legal instruments approved in environmental eld: a. The fundamental law The Mozambican Constitution mentioned that Government must promote initia ives in order to guarantee ecological equilibrium, conservation and preservation of environment aiming a better quality of life for all citizens. b. The National Environmental Management Programme (NEMP), whic is the national environmental strategy document. The NEMP puts special emphasis on environmental management, pollutions and nuisances, and the necessity to have a safe well-being for populations. This recommending needs to be considered during the rehabilit tion of training facilities. c. Environmental laws * The environmental law n° 20/97, of October 1: The environmental lav was approved by the Parliament on October Ist, 1997. The objective of this law is to define some legal basis for a correct use and a viable management of environment and it components, in order to establish a system of sustainable development in Mozambique. rhis law forbids storing or disposing toxic pollutant products on the ground, the underg und, on waters and in the atmosphere. It also recommends that the Government establi environmental quality standards in order to ensure the sustainable use of the Nation's re urces. This law contains chapters about environmental pollution and environmental qua ity standards. It focuses on the necessity of realizing environmental impact assessment ( IA) for projects and programs having negative effects on environment or public health. n this field, the MICOA had elaborated directives for EIA, including the main compor ant of the study and the approval procedure. In this respect, the environmental law is di ctly relevant to the PIREP activities. * The Land Law N°19/97 of 1 October 1997: The law establishes the terr s under which the creation, exercise, modification, transfer and termination of the right r land use and benefit operates. It mainly focuses on: ownership of the land and public d main; right of use and benefit of land; exercising of economic activities; powers and res onsibilities; authorisation process of applications for land use and benefit. d. EIA regulations * The decree n°45/2004 of September, 29, related on the process of I CA: This decree focus on the following points: Categorization of projects et sub-pro. cts (A, B, C); Competencies in EIA field; Process of EIA; Initial Assessment; Criteria or Assessment; Technical commission for assessment (members, functioning, etc.) ; Con ains of Terms of 25 references; Public participation process ; Modalities of assessmet of EIA Environmental Agreement ; Procedures of consultation. This decree conc ms directly the PIREP activities, particularly as regards the classification of activities and he carrying out of the EIAs. In the appendices of the decree governing EIAs de ling with the categorization of activities, there is a nominative list of areas and sectors f activities (for instance: infrastructures, forest exploitation, Agriculture; Industry; Energy etc.) that have to be taken into consideration in Category A. As per projects related to category B, the decree appendix does not indic te any specific list or field of activities; it only indicates that these activities do not aff ct significantly populations and environmental sensitive zones. These projects need nly Simplified Environmental Assessment Concerning the category C, the decree precise that the environmental ne ative effects of such activities are minor, neglictable and do not require Environ lental Impacts Assessment e. EIE guidelines . The decree n°32/2003 of august, 12, concerning the Environment l Audit: This decree defines the main component in the environmental auditing proc ss, for existing infrastructures, equipments or activities such may have negative mpact on the environment. This decree does not directly concern the PIREP activities. * Environmental quality standard: Since 1997 activities have been de eloped for the elaboration of environmental quality standards. As a first step the Enviro mental Quality Standards of Mozambique Projects has been formulated in order to def ne and prepare adequate standard for the environmental situation in the country and to repare required regulations. An environmental standard regulation has been prepared and 4 iscussed with a broad participation of representatives of relevant bodies. The PIREP programme is concerned with the compliance with standards in the field of building, re habilitation and management of infrastructures and equipments. f. The EIA procedure The EIA process in Mozambique is presented in the decree n°45/2004 of Septemb r, 29, prepared by the MICOA. The EIA procedure involves the following: * Registering a project: The proponent is required to register the project wi th the MICOA. * Screening: The project is classified to determine the level at which th environmental assessment should be carried out. The screening is realised par the MICOA. * Conducting an EIA: This involves the three main stages of the EIA p ocess (scoping, preparing terms of reference and preparing an environmental impact sta ement). It is at this stage that the decision is made whether to conduct the EIA or not. 26 * Reviewing the EIA: A Technical Review Committee established by the VIICOA reviews the EIA and decides whether the EIA is acceptable or not. * Issuing the relevant permits: If the EIA is approved, the MICOA issu s the necessary environmental permit that confirms the EIA has been satisfactorily co] ipleted and the project may proceed. * Decision-making: A decision is made by MICOA as to whether a propos 1 is approved or not; a record of decision explains how environmental issues w re taken into consideration. * Monitoring project implementation: The proponent prepares arn executes an appropriate monitoring program (i.e. an environmental management progr im). * Extent of Public participation Public participation is required during the scoping stages and while fulfil ng the terms of reference for the impact assessment of the EIA process. The proponent i responsible for identifying interested and affected parties and ensuring that all parties con' erned are given adequate opportunity to participate in the process. A public informa on program is initiated, and public notices are issued during the scoping and EIA stages. Whenever a strong public concern over the proposed project is indicated and impacts are extensive and far-reaching, the MICOA services is required to organize public hearing. The results of the public hearing should be taken into account when a d cision is taken whether or not a permit is to be issued. According to Mozambican EIA Regulations, all development projects are subject to environmental screening. Prior to granting permission to proceed w h a project, a proponent is obliged to complete a Pre-evaluation Form ("Ficha de Pre-, valiacao ") that has been developed by the Ministry for Coordination of Environmental A fairs (MICOA). The nature, type and location of the project is described in the environ ental screening form with a preliminary indication of potential socio-economic and biof ysical impacts (number of people/ communities affected, sensitive habitats, threatenc species, etc). Based on the screening exercise MICOA makes a decision on whether an EIA is required or not. In the event of an EIA not being required the proponent is still ob ged to describe methods and procedures for proper environmental management (st rage of semi- hazardous materials, solid waste disposal, etc). Apart from the EIA content, the decree on EIA requires a public surv y prior to the issuance of any authorization on the basis of the EIA and within a maximl m timeframe of three months. The EIA conducted by the consultants at the request of he promoter is submitted for approval to the departments of the Ministry of Enviro mental Affairs (MICOA), that looks after the procedure for the conduction of EIAs ( pproval of the TOR, approval of the studies, authorization given to consultants et and co sultancy firms, etc.). According to the classification level of the project, the conduction f the procedure 27 is monitored at national level (category A projects) by the environment 1 directorate of MICOA, or at provincial level (category B or C projects) by provinciaL departments of MICOA. Since the PIREP project falls within category B, only the MI OA provincial departments will be called upon, except for Maputo-City where this role s played by the central level. I g. National needs to improve the national environmental selection proces If the institutional responsibilities are clearly defined during the carrying ut, elaboration, and approval of environmental assessments (between the MICOA departr -nts, the project promoters, the consultants and the concerned populations), it rema s that in the environmental legislation, some improvement will have to be brougli regarding the classification of the activities and the screening of projects. This recomm6 dation is taken into account in the screening process defined in the chapter 8 of this report 5.5. Institutional framework Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs - MICOA At central level The Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) s responsible for implementing the National Environmental Management Programme and associ ted environmental policy and legislation. The Ministry has, primarily, a co-ordinating role. A 11 ministries share environmental management and sector policies must incorporate environment 1 dimensions. The responsibilities of MICOA are: To revise and develop policies and sustai ble, inter-sectoral development plans; Promote sectoral legislation; Co-ordinate policy implement ,tion; Educate and promote public awareness; Create regulations. This ministry has elaborated Nati nal Environmental Action Programmes and specifics strategies on Biodiversity Conservation, C mate Change and Desertification. MICOA is also responsible for regulating Environmental Impact Assessment ( IA) procedures in Mozambique. In this process, the National Direction of Environmental Impact Assessment is the mainly involved structure. As indicated above, all projects likely to have signifi ant environmental impacts are obliged by the new Environmental Law to carry out an EIA pri r to authorisation. Legislation stipulates that it is MICOA's role to coordinate, assess, contro and evaluate the utilization of the natural resources of the country, and in doing so, to promote th ir preservation and rational use. It should also coordinate the activities in the area of environment, in order to ensure the integration of environmental variables in the process of planning and managi lg socio-economic development. Due to its role as a coordinating ministry, MICOA's performance depends to a lar ge extent on the degree to which it manages to co-operate with the other ministries and sector because these sectors remain responsible for the integration of environmental matters in th er own sectoral programmes. This means that MICOA has to establish a working relationship with each of the sectors that are dealing with the environment. 28 U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the environmental management of PIREP, the MICOA national department wi 1 be responsible for giving the final approval of environmental assessments and certifying the c mpliance of the proposed activities with Mozambique's EIA legislation, for EIAs that might ha e to be carried out for rehabilitation activities in Maputo-City. At provincial level MICOA has established Provincial Directorates in all the Provincial capital The level of organization and capacity varies from province to province. However, MICOA i not represented at the lower levels of government (i.e. district level) in any of the provinces, The provincial structure follows, but does not strictly adhere to, the structure at central level. In the PIREP, the Technical Review Committees of the MICOA provincial Dir ctorates will be responsible for reviewing the results of the environmental and social screening process, and, as necessary, the separate EIA reports, and the recommending approval/disap roval of these documents to the MICOA provincial Directorates. Institutional and implementation arrangements of PIREP Overall responsibility for the implementation of PIREP rests with the "Comis sio Nacional de Reforma de EducaCdo Profissional (COREP)" established by Government in une 2005. The Council is a high level tripartite stakeholder body to steer the overall TVET refc process with decision-making competencies. It delegates its day-to-day supervisory respo ;ibilities to the Executive Committee comprised of high level technical cadres of the stakehold s. A Technical Council made of key sector experts including an representative of the cooper ing donors has advisory function. COREP is supported by a high level Executive Secretariat, in charge of the day-to-day implementation of PIREP. The Executive Secretariat of COREP will compris four technical units: Qualifications & Training Programs Unit (Component B), Institutional evelopment & Capacity Building Unit (Component C), FUNDEC Unit (Component D), id Planning & Monitoring Unit. Furthermore, there will be units for Finance & Procurement as well as an HIV/AIDS and gender coordination desk. The 12 institutions included in COREP Council are the following: Ministr of Education and Culture ; Ministry of Labor; Ministry of Finances ; Ministry of Agriculture; inistry of Plan and Development; Ministry of Sciences and Technology; Private company (2 ); Lab r Union (2); Ngos (2) The Executive Committee comprised 6 members: DINET (MEC); INEFP (] inistry of Labor); Polytechnic coordination; Private sector; Union Labor; NGO COREP will have the institutional responsibility for PIREP's environmental m nagement. The Environmental Focal Point (EFP) will be responsible for supervising the implei entation of the Social and Environmental Management Framework (ESMF). In order to fulfill t is mandate, the environmental capacities of the EFP and the MICOA Provincial Direc )rates will be strengthened. 29 5.6. Decentralization - Local Government Since the mid-nineties, Mozambique has embarked upon a gradual process of deconcentration and decentralization. Deconcentration is the process whereby administrative re ponsibilities are gradually transferred to second (provinces) and third (districts) tiers of cent Sal government. Decentralization started with the creation of 33 autonomous municipalities an is expected to expand, both in terms of numbers as well as fiscal independence. This double p ocess increases the pressure on the local institutions and their human resources to perform b tter carry more responsibility and be increasingly accountable. Decentralization will not affect environmental management, however the m icipalities and decentralized other Local Communities will be involved in the screenir g process and implementation of operational activities. These communities will also pa ticipate in the supervision of the works that will take place in their area, particularly in urbaij areas; they can even help in the regulation of the works (regulating diversions). Municipalities have Technical services which should be involved during th monitoring of mitigation measures, if their capacities are reinforced in environmental issues. Table 3 Organizational structural of COREP COREP - Orgarisational structure I _eaC_ I gP-1 ~~~~~I aiIiwp i. qpI ,qsi ~ u aquA SI ,,.w I Tm 1em. Tmi TOCEBMu Tomuiio S _~~F bWM RJDE | Pg TR_b Pnfgn US | m _ US UhR lt ----- - -------- ------ L-_-_-_---- - -- L 3 0 U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5.7. Institutional and legal constraints Levels of Government There are several levels (central, provincial and district/municipal) of decision-r haking involved in environmental protection, land allocation and resource management. Ce ntral (national) institutions comprise ministries with their respective national directorates based i] Maputo. These agencies have the competence to formulate policies and strategies and to enforce tnd control their implementation. Other decision-making or consulting bodies include the Cour 3il of Ministers and the National Council for Sustainable Development, created under the Env ronmental Law (but not yet operational) All central level ministries are represented at Provincial level. The provincial go ermnent (under a Provincial Governor) comprises a set of Directorates, representative of each Mi istry, each with component "Services". Provincial directorates are in charge of the implementatio of policies and strategies approved at central level. At the district level the administration falls under a District Administrator. Most sectoral line ministries are represented at this level but not a Policy development and implementation Although the policy and legal framework for environmental management may be considered well advanced, the institutional capacity to implement policies, laws and regu ations is weak especially at the lower levels of government. Institutional roles and competen es are not well defined resulting in gaps and overlaps in environmental management especiall z in coastal and marine management. In addition to weak institutional capacity within sectors there is lack of inter-institutional coordination between higher and lower levels of government In parallel, the Government of Mozambique is promoting decentralization across sectors to pr vincial, district and municipal levels. Local Government Both horizontal (more municipalities need to be created) and vertical (mandatin: more authority to district administrations) processes require further legal interventions, Progress on deconcentration is closely linked to the long awaited approval of the new law on local state bodies. Several versions of this law have been prepared and discussed (internal y, not publicly) over the past few years, but it has not yet found its way to the Parliament. It is anticipated that this law will foster a restructuring of provincial and district governments as well ts clearly define competencies of the different levels of government responsibilities for the manal tement of sector policies. Furthermore, there is a clear necessity to generalize procedures and wor ing methods, as they both seem to vary from one district to the other. Without approval of tl e new law and unifonnly applied procedures, it is very hard to develop an effective capacity buil ing strategy. 31 6. OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES The World Bank's ten safeguard policies are designed to help ensure that proje ts proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sustainable, and thus improve di cision making. These operational policies include: OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment; O 4.04 Natural Habitats; OP 4.09 Pest Management ; OP 4.11 Cultural Heritage; OP 4 2 Involuntary Resettlement; OP 4.10 Indigenous People; OP 4.36 Forests; OP 4.37 Safety of Dams; OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways ; OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas. In a ldition, there is the Bank's Disclosure Policy BP 17.50 which requires that all safeguard docume ts are disclosed in the respective countries and at the Bank's Infoshop prior to appraisal. Of t ese operational policies, OP 4.01 is the "umbrella" policy as the environmental screening result will determine which of the afore-mentioned safeguard policies are likely to be triggered, in addi ion to OP 4.01. PIREP has triggered two of the World Bank's Safeguard Policies, nar iely, OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment and OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement. The remai ing operational policies are not triggered by PIREP. Annex 6 summarizes these safeguards polici s. OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment: The objective of OP 4.01 is to ensu e that projects financed by the Bank are environmentally and socially sustainable, and that the ecision making process is improved through an appropriate analysis of the actions includin their potential environmental impacts. Environmental assessment (EA) is a process whose bre dth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); h man health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and cultura property); and transboundary and global environmental aspects. EA considers natural and soc al aspects in an integrated way. OP 4.01 is triggered if a project is likely to present some ris s and potential adverse environmental impacts in its area of influence. Thus, in the case of IiIREP, potential negative environmental and social impacts due to rehabilitation activities are like y to include soil erosion, soil and groundwater pollution, air pollution, loss of vegetation, publi health impacts such as traffic hazards, noise, dust, and loss of livelihoods. The ESMF has been designed to address potential impacts at the planning stage of the rehabilitation activities. OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement: The objective of this operational policy i to (i) avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement, where feasible and explore all viable al -mative project designs; (ii) assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them; (iii) encour ge community participation in planning and implementing resettlement, and (iv) provide assis ,nce to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure. The policy does not only cover physical relocation, but any loss of land or other assets resulting in: (i) relocation or lo, of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets; and (iii) loss of income sources or means of liv lihood, whether or not the affected people must move to another location. This policy als applies to the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected a] eas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. In the event of nd acquisition, PIREP will implement the provisions of the Resettlement Policy Framework ( PF) which has been prepared as a separate document. 32 7. OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF AND METHODOLOGY USED 7.1. Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (E SMF) The objective of this Environmental and Social Management Framework (ES F) is to provide an environmental and social screening process to allow for the identification assessment and mitigation of potential negative environmental and social impacts related to the rehal ilitation of 10-11 existing teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems. It has not b en determined at this time which of these training centres and related facilities will be rehabilitate . The ESMF is intended to be used as a practical tool during project implementation. The ES F describes the steps involved in identifying and mitigating the potential environmental and social impacts of future rehabilitation activities. It also provides guidance in cases where the screening results indicate that a separate Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required. T1:e ESMF will be applied by a qualified Environmental Focal Point (EFP) located in the Planning and Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secretariat of COREP. The EFP will coordinate his/her a tivities with the MICOA Provincial Directorates. To ensure that the screening process is carriec out effectively, PIREP will provide support for environmental training, as required. This ESMF has been prepared in recognition of the fact that Mozambique's re ulation on EIA (defined by the law of December 1997 and the decree 45/2000 of September, 2 ) include a tool only for pre-assessment of sub project related on preliminary environmental infc rmation's of the development projects (Ficha de Informacao Ambiental Preliminar - Annex 1). I e provisions of the national law on EIA are less comprehensive than those of the World 3ank's OP.4.01 Environmental Assessment which calls for the environmental screening of a] Bank-financed projects, and subsequently the assignment of an environmental category, rangir from category A (significant negative impacts); to category B (impacts less significant than tho e of category A project, and which can be mitigated effectively); to category C (no significarit environmental impacts, and hence, no additional environmental work is required). In omparison, the assessment form of existing projects at the level of MICOA seem very brief and yven incomplete in the procedure for the classification of projects likely to have adverse enviroi ental impacts, but also in the conditions for the conduction of related environmental assessment . To close this gap, an Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF, An iex 2) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of planned rehabilitation activities under PI P. The form is designed to place information in the hands of implementers and reviewers so hat impacts and their mitigation measures, if any, can be identified and/or that requirem nts for further environmental impact assessment be determined. According to Mozambique Environmental law, specific investment activitie require EIAs, whereas there are no clear EIA requirements for activities of a smaller scale, l tut which might have negative localized impacts that would require appropriate mitigation. This i the reason why the PIREP will use the environmental and social screening process outlined in he ESMF. This process will allow the PIREP to identify, assess and mitigate potential negativ environmental and social impacts at the time they are planning rehabilitation activities, and, if necessary, carry out separate EIAs should the screening results indicate the need for such separate ElAs. 33 This is the reason why the PIREP will use the enviromnental and social sa eening process outlined in the ESMF. This process will allow the PIREP to identify, asse s and mitigate potential negative environmental and social impacts at the time they are planni ig rehabilitation activities, and, if necessary, carry out separate EIAs should the screening results dicate the need for such separate EIAs. The ESSF contains information that will allow reviewers to determine the char cteristics of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment with the aim to assess the r tential impacts of the rehabilitation activities on this environment. The ESSF will also identify potential socio- economic impacts that will require mitigation measures and/or resettlement an compensation. As mentioned earlier, any resettlement and/or compensation measures will be implemented in accordance with the RPF, and will be completed before any rehabilitation activiti s can begin. The ESMF includes an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for PIREP, to facilitate its implementation. The EMP summarizes institutional arrangements for the im lementation of mitigation measures, the monitoring of the implementation of mitigation measu se, and capacity building needs as well as cost estimates and time horizons for such activities and monitoring indicators. The EMP will be included in the Project Implementation Manual. The proposed screening process would be consistent with the Bank's safeguard policy OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. This policy requires that all Bank-financed operati ns are screened for potential environmental and social impacts, and that the required environ nental work be carried out on the basis of the screening results. Thus, the screening results may indicate that (i) no additional environmental work would be required; (ii) the application of si mple mitigation measures by qualified staff would suffice; or, (iii) a separate environmental im pact assessment (EIA) would be required. Although the potential negative environmental and social impacts of the rehabi itation activities under Component C (3) above are expected to be generally minimal, poten ially significant localized impacts may occur, thus requiring appropriate mitigation. Potentiz environmental impacts such as loss of vegetation, soil erosion, soil and groundwater poll tion would be addressed in the context of this ESMF, while potential social impacts due to land acquisition such as loss of livelihoods or loss of access to economic assets would be addressed i n the context of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). The RPF has been prepared as a se arate document and outlines the policies and procedures to be applied in the event of land quisition under PIREP. 7.2. Methodology used to prepare the ESMF The present ESMF was prepared based on existing general literature, an ong them: the Mozambican Education Policy Framework, Mozambican Environmental Im ct Assessment Guidelines, and the World Bank's Safeguard Policies. Besides these docu ents, a lot of consultations with various stakeholders, including communities and the gene al public, were undertaken before writing the framework. Our methodological approach was based on the systemic approach, in colla ration with all stakeholders and partners concerned by PIREP particularly the Ministries of E, lucation, Labor, 34 but also the Ministry of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) and some NGOs involved in the health sector. We conducted the study using participatory approach on the basis of c nsultation with different partners in order to allow for a common understanding of the problei iatic subject, to further discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the different activitie| of PIIREP at environmental and social levels. The study gave priority to participatory approach and this allowed progressively t ike into account the point of views and arguments of the different stakeholders. Our work plan was articulated around four major areas of intervention: * Analysis of project documents and of other strategic planning document at national and local levels (Project Appraisal Documents, Aide-memoires, Action plan a r the reduction of absolute poverty, National Strategies on Environmental Managemen , National Law and Regulation on EIA and Environmental Management, Education Sect ir Strategic Plan II, etc.; * Visits paid to some technical and vocational infrastructures (A ican Training Technology- Maputo; Commercial Institute of Maputo; Industrial Institut of Maputo); * Meeting with institutional stakeholders mainly those concerned by the p ject: Executive Secretariat of PIREP; MICOA (National Direction of EIA and Natioi Lal Direction of Natural Resources Conservation); Direction of Roads; Ministry of Agri ulture (National Direction of Rural Extension); Ministry of Health (National Direction o Environmental Health); Ministry of Education and Culture (National Direction of Education and Training-DINET); Ministry of Labour (National Institute of Education and Vocational Training - INEFP) ; Municipality of Maputo (Technical services); NG ) "LIVANGO" (Environmental Advocacy Ngo; * Analysis of environmental information and studies available in the field of environment and education and vocational training infrastructures. The data collected were used to back the environmental study that wil involve many components: initial analysis, impact identification, screening process for rehabili ation activities,, environmental and social management plan, including implementation mech nisms, training needs and monitoring-evaluation. 7.3. Summary of the outcome of the consultation process All institutional stakeholders met have recognized the relevance of PIREP. T ie rehabilitation activities of infrastructures have been welcomed, particularly in the teaching fac ilities where the clean water supply system and water closets are broken down, lighting networ s are defective, roofs are damaged roofs, etc... At the social and academic levels, the perspecti es of drawing a larger number of students, of improving the curricula and strengthening the st uctures are also major satisfaction reasons. 35 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS 8.1. The Environmental and Social Screening Process The sections below illustrate the stages (steps 1-7) of the environmental and ocial screening process (the screening process) leading towards the review and approval of archil ctural plans for the rehabilitation of teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation sys ems. The purpose of this screening process is to determine which rehabilitation activi ies are likely to have negative environmental and social impacts; to determine appropriate miti ation measures for activities with adverse impacts; to incorporate mitigation measures into he architectural designs of the teaching facilities as appropriate; to review and approve t e rehabilitation proposals; to monitor environmental parameters during the construction and reh bilitation of the teaching facilities, including the related water supply and sanitation systems. The extent of environmental work that might be required prior to the comm ncement of the rehabilitation of the teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitati n systems will depend on the outcome of the screening process described below. 8.2. The screening steps The process of screening can be broken down into the following steps: Step 1: Screening of Teaching Facilities and Sites Before visiting the teaching facilities to be rehabilitated, a desk appraisal of t ie rehabilitation plans and activities, including structural designs, will be carried out by the Envi ronmental Focal Point of the Planning & Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secretariat of CC REP, located in Executive Committee of TVET Reform Council. Subsequently, the initial screening in the field will be carried out by the Envi *onmental Focal Point (EFP) located in Planning & Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secretariat of COREP. The EFP will complete the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex 2). C mpletion of this screening form will facilitate the identification of potential environmental anc social impacts, determination of their significance, assignment of the appropriate environT ental category, proposal of appropriate environmental mitigation measures, and conduct of a] Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), if necessary. To ensure that the screening form is completed correctly in the various oject locations, environmental and social training will be provided to the EFP appointed in the of the Planning and Monitoring unit of the Executive Secretariat of COREP. The EFP will trave to the locations at the time the rehabilitation activities are planned. 36 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Step 2: Assigning the appropriate Environmental Categories The assignment of the appropriate environmental category to a particular reha ilitation activity will be based on the information provided in the environmental and social| screening form (Annex2). The EFP will be responsible for categorizing a rehabilitation activity e ither as A, B, or C. * Category A: activities requiring an environmental impact assessment * Category B: activities requiring an environmental impact statement or th implementation of simple mitigation measures * Category C: activities neither requiring either an environmental impact tatement nor an environmental impact assessment. The assignment of the appropriate environmental category will be based on the I irovisions in OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. Consistent with this operational policy, mc st rehabilitation activities under PIREP are likely to be categorized as B, meaning that their I tential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important a eas - including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats - are site-specific, fe v if any of the impacts are irreversible, and can be mitigated readily. Some rehabilitation activities such as the water proofing of leaky roofs or paintii ig of classrooms might be categorized as "C" if the environmental and social screening results i dicate that such activities will have no significant environmental and social impacts and therefoi e do not require additional environmental work. Thus, if the screening form has ONLY "T [o" entries, the proposed activity will not require further environmental work, and EFP will reco nmend approval of this proposal and implementation can proceed immediately. Since the PIREP has been classified as a category B project, it will not fund any ehabilitation or construction activities that have been assigned the environmental category , based on the environmental and social screening results. In the context of PIREP activities, the PIREP Environmental Focal Point (an age t of the COREP Executive Secretariat/ Planning & Monitoring Unit) will have to fill the environn ental and social screening forms of the activities, propose an environmental classification of the planned rehabilitation activities and send the results to the MICOA Provincial Directora s Managers for approval. Step 3: Carrying out Environmental Work After analyzing the data contained in the environmental and social screening form and after having identified the right environmental category and thus the scope of the env ronmental work required, the EFP will make a recommendation to establish whether: (a) no env ronmental work will be required; (b) the implementation of simple mitigation measures will be nough; or (c) a separate environmental impact assessment EIA will be carried out. 37 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ According to the results of the screening process, the following environment 1 work can be carried out: (a) Use of the environmental and social check list (Annex 3): The environmental ad social check list will be filled by the Environmental Focal Point (EFP) of the project. This activity will be handled in parallel to the preparation of the plans and sketches of the reha ilitation of the teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems. Activities categorized as simple category B activities might benefit from the application of simple miti ation measures outlined in this checklist. In situations where the screening process identifies th b need for land acquisition, qualified service providers would prepare a Resettlement Action Pla Compensation Plan, consistent with OP 4.12. (b) Carrying out Environmental impact assessment (EIA - Annex 8): In some cas s, the results of the environmental and social screening process may indicate that the activitie scheduled are more complex and they consequently require conducting a separate EIA; draft EIA terms of reference have been provided in Annex 8 of this ESMF. The EIA will be cc hducted by the consultancy firms authorized/agreed by the EFP in coordination with MICOA. Th ose consultancy firms will be recruited by the EFP, Executive Secretariat of COREP, under the su pervision of it's coordinator and after announcement made of the consultation position in the local newspapers. In selecting consultants and organizing authorization procedures, the roles of the Pro ect Coordination Unit and the EFP of Executive Secretariat of PREP will be as follow: * The EFP of COREP will (i) draft EIA terms of reference (Annex 8 of the ESMF provides a sample - to be adapted as necessary); (ii) prepare criteria analysis and analyse pr( osed candidates after the consultation position has been announced, with assistance fror i the Provincial Directorates of MICOA, if necessary. He will focus on consultants acceptable to MICOA; (iii) select the most qualified consultant and submit the name to the coordinat( r of the Project Coordination Unit (Executive Secretariat of COREP) for approval; (iv) lead the public consultations in accordance with the terms of reference; and (v) lead the ELA/ES hP authorization procedure by the MICOA departments. * The Project Coordination Unit (Executive Secretariat of COREP) will approv the selection of consultant prepared by the EFP and design agreement to conduct the required EL L The EIA will identify and assess the potential environmental impacts f )r the planned rehabilitation activities, assess the alternatives solutions and will design the mitigation, management and monitoring measures to be proposed. These measures will b quoted in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) that will be prepared as pa] t of the EIA for each activity. The preparation of the EIA and the ESMP will be done in collab ration with the concerned parties, including the people likely to be affected. The EIA will follow the national procedure established in the framework of th Environmental Framework Law and the decree regulating EIAs and will be consistent with OP 4.01. Draft EIA terns of reference have been provided in Annex 8 of the ESMF, to be adapted as |ecessary. 38 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Step 4: Review and Approval Review: At the provincial level, the Technical Review Committee established by the MICOA Provincial Directorate, will review the environmental and social screening foi s as well as the EIA reports, and will make recommendations as to whether the results of the scrc ning process or the EIA reports are acceptable or not. Thus, this structure at the provincial lev will review (i) the results and recommendations presented in the environmental and social scre ning forms; (ii) the proposed mitigation measures presented in the environmental and social ch( cklists; and (iii) as appropriate, the results of EIAs to ensure that all environmental and social in pacts have been identified and effective mitigation measures have been proposed for PIREP's acti vities. Recommendation for Approval/Disapproval: Based on the results of the above review process, the Provincial Technical Review Committee will make recommendations to the provincial level of MICOA for approval/disapproval of the review results and proposed mitigatiol I measures. Approval/Disapproval: The screening results and EIA reports will have to be approved/disapproved by the Provincial MICOA Directorates. If the EIA i approved, the MICOA issues the necessary environmental permit that confirms the EIA has b en satisfactorily completed and the project may proceed. A decision is made and a record of d ccision explains how environmental issues were taken into consideration. Upon approval of the r commendations of the environmental and social screening process, MICOA's Provincial Directo ates will inform the EFP, and subsequently, rehabilitation activities can proceed. Stage 5: Public consultations and disclosure: Public consultations will also take place during the screening process, and th results will be communicated to the public by the EFP. According to the decree governing he EIA, public information and participation must be ensured during the scoping period and tl e preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment, in collaboration with the competen , bodies of the administrative constituency and the concerned commune. Public infon ation includes particularly: * One or several meetings for the presentation of the project gathering loc authorities, the populations, the concerned organizations; * The opening of a register available to all the populations where are kept t e appreciations, remarks and suggestions formulated on the project. A public information program is initiated, and public notices are issued during the scoping and EIA stages. Whenever a strong public concern over the proposed project is indic ted and impacts are extensive and far-reaching, the PIREP is required to organize a public hearir g. The results of the public hearing should be taken into account when a decision is taken whethc or not a permit is to be issued. These consultations should allow for the identification of the main issues and de termine how the concerns of all parties will be tackled in the terms of reference for the EIA. T e results of the 39 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ consultations will be included in the EIA report and made available to the p hlic by PIREP, through its EFP. In the framework of the PIREP, the consultation process will be done in two pl ases: (i) during the screening and classification of project activities and (ii) during the analysis c environmental and social impacts. Upon receipt of the EIA report, the MICOA Provincial Direc orates will also send a copy to the concerned Local Communities in order to get their remarks and comments. The MICOA Provincial Directorates, in collaboration with the PIREP Execu ve Secretary - through the EFP -, will involve all relevant stakeholders in the project's pul ilic information process; these stakeholders would include: State technical departments, mu icipal technical departments, NGOs, local associations, etc. Stage 6: Environmental monitoring and follow up: Environmental monitoring aims at checking the effectiveness and rel vance of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. In coordination with the Project Coordination Unit, monitoring will be done at local levels, by Technical services of municipalities where training facilities should be rehabili ated. However, the capacities of these technical services need to be reinforced in environmental n ionitoring. Stage 7: Monitoring indicators: In order to assess the efficiency of PIREP's rehabilitation activities, we propose c use the below monitoring indicators: Environmental indicators * Maintenance of improved sanitation systems at the teaching facilities * Water quality at the teaching facilities meets local standards * Compliance with the Environmental Guidelines for Contractors * Safe disposal of asbestos Social indicators * Number of people provided with environmental training to implement the ESMF * The number of local workers used during of the works These monitoring indicators will be included in the PIREP Project Monitoring M nual. 40 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8.3. Responsibilities for the implementation of the screening process The below mentioned table give a summary of the stages and institutional respo sibilities for the screening, preparation, assessment, approval and implementation of the rehabilit ion activities. Stages Responsibilities 1. Screening of teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems at each of Environmental Focal Point located in t Planning and the sites of these facilities, using the Monitoring Unit of the Executive secre ariat of COREP Environmental and Social Screening Form M (Annex 2) 2. Assigning the appropriate Environmental Environmental Focal Point located in tle Planning and Categories (A, B, or C) Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secre tariat of COREP Environmental Focal Point located in t] e Planning and 3. Carrying out Environmental Work, i.e. Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secrt ariat of COREP will implementing simple mitigation measures make appropriate recommendations to he MICOA Provincial (Annex 3), or, carrying out a separate EIA Directorates as to the necessary enviro mental work (Annex 8) 4. Review and Approval 4.1 Approval of (i) the screening results ; (ii) the assigned environmental category; and (iii) MICOA Provincial Directorates recommendations of the Environmental Focal Point (COREP) * The EFP of COREP will (i) draft E A terms of reference; (ii) prepare criteria analysis and an lyse proposed candidatures; (iii) select the most q alified consultant and submit the name to the coordinator f the Project 4.2 Selection of the consultant in case Coordination Unit for approval; (iv lead the public of the need for a separate EIA consultations; and (v) lead the EIA ESMP authorization procedure by the MICOA departm its. * The Project Coordination Unit will ipprove the selection of consultant prepared by the EFP d design agreement l________________________________________ to conduct the required EIA. 4.3 Carrying out the Environmental Authorized Consultants Impact Assessment (EIA) 4.4 Approval of environmental assessment MICOA Provincial Directorates. Environmental Focal Point located in tlt Planning and Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secrc ariat of COREP will ensure that the results of (i) the environ nental and social 5. Public consultations and disclosure screening process; and (ii) the separate ,IA report are made accessible to all relevant stakeholders, cluding potentially affected persons. 41 Technical services of municipalities w e training facilities 6. Monitoring are rehabilitated * Environmental Focal Point locate I in the Planning and Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secretary of COREP will ensure that the environmental ind social monitoring 7. Environmental and Social Indicators indicators listed in the ESMF are included in PIREP's monitoring program and followed r . Fgularly * Technical services of munici alities ensure the monitoring 42 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 9.1. Environmental management for the implementation of activities An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for PIREP is intended to nsure efficient environmental management of the Project. Thus, the EMP lists (a) the relevant I roject activities; (b) the potential negative environmental and social impacts; (c) the pro sed mitigation measures; (d) those who will be responsible for implementing the mitigation me sures; (e) those who will monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures; (f) the frequei Icy of the afore- mentioned measures; (g) capacity building needs; and (h) the cost estimates fo these activities. The EMP will be included in PIREP's Project Implementation Manual, ar the costs for implementing the EMP will be included in PIREP's Project Costs. A summary I ible of the EMP is provided in Annex 7. 9.2. Institutions responsible for implementing and monitoring the mitigation measures Roles and responsibilities regarding environmental planning and approval I r rehabilitation activities are outlined and summarised below. The main institutions with key roles and responsibilities for environme 1tal and social management are: National coordination/supervision * The Environmental Focal Point located in the Executive Secretariat of COREP will be responsible for completing the environmental and social screening list (Annex 2); the environmental and social checklists (Annex 3); and determining th environmental category of the screened activity to be able to identify and mitig te the potential environmental and social impacts of construction and rehabilitatio activities. As required, he/she will receive environmental training to be able to carry ou this task. * The Environmental Focal Point will ensure the supervision (ove seeing) of the implementation of mitigation measures which will be executed by private contractors Execution/implementation * Individual consultants or consultancy firm will be responsible for (a) can yng out the EIA studies, and (b) drafting the environmental section of a manual for tht maintenance of teaching facilities and related water supply and sanitation systems.. * The contractors are responsible for the implementation of the mitigal on measures as indicated in the Environmental Guidelines for Contractors (Annex 5 , including the borrow pits rehabilitation for material construction. Monitoring * The Technical services of municipalities (where training facilities will be rehabilitated) will be responsible for monitoring of the implementation of the mitigatioi measures. 43 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9. 3. Capacity building for the environmental and social management of the iroject (a) Training needs Environmental capacity will be needed for technical personnel who are involved ith the civil works program of PIREP (the technical units of Executive Secretariat of COREP, including the Plan and Monitoring Unit, Technical Services of Municipalities, and Provincial E rectorate of MICAO if necessary). To ensure that screening and PIIREP activities are carried out in a manner that is nvironmentally and socially sound, it has been suggested to appoint an Environmental Focal Po t (EFP) within the Plan & Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secretariat of COREP. To do his jo ), particularly in (i) completing the screening forms; completing the environmental and s cial checklists; developing the terms of References for EIA to realize; recruitment of cons tants ; (ii) and submitting the screening results and the EIA to the approval of MICOA, the Fo al Point will be trained in environmental and social assessment and on EIA procedures and the in plementation of the ESMF to allow them play the role of environmental and social ex -rts during the implementation of PIREP activities. The environmental focal point will be r ;ponsible at the level of PIREP for coordination and supervision (overseeing) of the impler entation of the ESMF. For this, the EFP should visit all the facilities to be rehabilitated, only )ne time, at the beginning of the works, in order to complete the screening forms. This expert wi take advantage of the support and permanent assistance of the MICOA environmental departme t services at the provincial levels. In coordination with the Project Coordination Unit, the day-by-day monitoring Lctivities will be done by the Technical services of municipalities where training facilities are rehabilit Led, to follow-up environmental and social indicators and the implementation of corrective measur s if necessary. Capacity for environmental management and monitoring will be required it the national, provincial and municipal level for: * The EFP of Executive Secretariat of COREP to strengthen his/her capa ity to apply the screening process as outlined in the ESMF; * Selected members of the Technical services of municipalities, to reinforce eir capacities in environmental monitoring; * As necessary, members of Provincial Directorates of MICOA, to enable em to assist the EFP of the Executive Secretariat and Executive Committee of OREP in the implementation of the screening process as outlined in the ESMF, incl ding the review and approval of EIAs for projects of category B (see Annex II and III oft e decree related to EIA and OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment) as well as the environ nental and social screening results of the ESMF. 44 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Environmental Focal Point within the Executive Secretariat will conduct the elow activities: * Screening of the teaching facilities and related water supply and sanit, ion systems at each of the sites of these facilities, using the Environmental and Social Sci cening Form * Completion of the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex 2) and submission for approval to the MICOA Provincial services * Carrying out Environmental Work, i.e. recommending simple miti tion measures (Annex 3), or, arranging for the preparation of a separate EIA (Annex 8) * Preparation of the draft TORs for the PIREP activities requiring a separat| EIA; * Submission of the TORs to MICOA departments for approval; * Recruitment of qualified consultancy firms to conduct the EIAs if necessa * Sending the EIA reports to the appropriate institutions accessible to the pu blic; Concerning the environmental management of PIREP activities, the specific nee s in the field of environmental capacity building are the following ones by category of stakeholde fs. Concerned stakeholders Topic of the training PIREP Executive Training in the field of: Secretariat (Environmental - Environmental assessment (screening and classification oi sub-projects; EIA procedure: focal Point of the Planning etc.) and Monitoring Unit and - Impacts identification. other agents) - Draft terms of reference for environmental assessments and , -lection of consultants. - Selection of simplified mitigation measures in the checklists - Hygiene and quality standards including HIV/AIDS aspects - Mozambique's national environmental policies, procedures, a Ild legislation Technical services of - Monitoring the implementation of measures and environmen al indicators. municipalities - Hygiene and quality standards including HIV/AIDS aspects Provincial Directorates of - EIA procedures MICOA - World bank Safeguards Policies The following environmental training would be necessary to ensure that PIREP ctivities will be implemented in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner: Environmental and Social Management process * Review of Environmental and Social Management Process. * Assignment of environmental categories * Use of Screening form and Checklist * Preparation of terms of reference for carrying out EA * Design of appropriate mitigation measures. * How to review and approve EA reports * The importance of public consultations in the ESMF process. * How to monitor project implementation and mitigation measures. 45 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * How to embed the Environmental and Social Management process into th works. Environmental and Social policies, procedures and guidelines * Review an' discussion of Mozambique's national environmental policies, ocedures, and legislation. * Review and discussion of the Bank's safeguards policies. * Strategies for consultation, participation and social inclusion * Collaboration with institutions and stakeholders at all levels (local, provin ial, national) Selected topics on environmental protection * Hygiene and security during the works * Maintenance of school and training infrastructures * Safe disposal of asbestos In Mozambique, there is number of consultant firms specialised in EIA issues. Th -se independent consultants or firms could be contracted to design short courses that are tailored t environmental conditions and problems specific to the scope of work conceptualised for e ch of the four provinces. Training Cost Estimates The Training program is to be implemented by the Secretariat Executive of COREP in collaboration with MICOA services. The costs estimates, including travel expen es, and training modalities will be prepared by the EFP of PIREP (with the support of MI COA services). Qualified trainers will be recruited by PIREP (there are national firms specialize in EIA, which could carry out these training courses). For planning purpose, a national workst bp (for 5 days), including the technicians from Executive Secretariat of COREP and the Executi e Committee of COREP (EFP of PIREP and other technical agents); Technical services of muni ipalities (about 10 agents) and if necessary, the Provincial Directors of MICOA (about 10 ag nts), should be organized during the implementation of the project, for a total cost of 20 000 USS (b) Other capacity building activities The others capacity building activities scheduled for the implementation of the ESMF will concern: * Provision for EIA: EIAs could be required for PIREP activities elating to the building/restoration of schools to ensure they are environmentally and soc ally sound. For planning purposes of the pilot phase, 10 -11 schools are targeted. So, th project should contract with one national consultant to carry out one global EIA for the all aining facilities requiring an EIA. In this order, the cost could be estimated at 10 000 US$. * Drafting the environmental section of a manual for the maintenance of schools and training infrastructures: The technical document will help ensure better ry nitoring of the infrastructures built of restored, in order to guarantee the sustainability of the project. This manual will be prepared by national Consultants, and this support is estimated at 5 000 US$. 46 This manual refers to all aspects of building maintenance, including the environmental aspects; its will be included in the PIREP Project Manual. Thus the total cost for capacity building is estimated at 35 000 I S Monitoring Plan - Monitoring indicators The objective for monitoring is two fold: (i) to alert project authorities and to provid( timely information about the effectiveness of the Environmental and Social Managemen process outlined in the ESMF in such a manner that changes can be made as required to e [sure continuous improvement to the process; (ii) to make a final evaluation in order to letermine whether the mitigation measures designed into the training facilities rehabilitation activities have been successful in such a way that the pre- program environmental and social con iition have been restored, improved upon or worst than before and to determine what further nitigation measures may be required. Potential Social and Mitigation Monitoring Phase/Sta ge Responsibility Environmental Measures Measures Negative Impacts * Soil degradation uncontrolled Fully implement Periodic monitoring On going The Technical; Services storage of product or materials the ESMF, and evaluation of throughou of Municipalities for building use screening verifiable indicators the life of he (where training * Unsafe disposal of asbestos form and checklist for all impacts project facilities will be * Dust, emissions, noise/vibration in Annex 3 and 4), identified in the sub rehabilitated); in * Accidents efficiency use, project ESMP and coordination with the * Perturbation of education and environmental examples of which Project Coordination training session restoration, are Unit * Toilets becoming dirty regular and contained in this * Septic tanks overflowing and suitable section above creating health risk maintenance of * Risk of outbreak of social Infrastructure/equi conflicts (non-use of local pment/plant, etc. resident for employment) * Spread of HIV/AIDS . _ A number of indicators would be used in order to determine the status of affected nvironment. Therefore, the projects Environmental and Social Management process will set tw major socio- economic goals by which to evaluate its success: (i) Has the pre -project environment;l state human and natural environment been maintained or improved upon at training facilities sites, Ind (ii) the effectiveness of the ESMF technical assistance, review, approval and monitoring Erocess. In order to assess whether these goals are met, the project (EFP of Secretariat Executive of CORE .) will indicate parameters to be monitored and provide necessary supply for technical services of .nunicipalities to carry out the monitoring activities. The following are some pertinent parameters a d verifiable indicators to be used to measure the ESMF process, mitigation plans and perforn nce: 47 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Environmental indicators: Maintenance of improved sanitation systems at the eaching facilities; Water quality at the teaching facilities meets local standards; Comp iance with the Environmental Guidelines for Contractors; Safe disposal of asbestos * Social indicators: Number of people provided with environmental training to mplement the ESMF; The number of local workers used during of the works These monitoring indicators will be included in the PIREP Project Monitoring M nual. 10. RECOMMENDATIONS The PIREP is a programme that contributes to the improvement process of the e ucation system, particularly the technical and vocational education. In this respect, it is a social rogramme, and its beneficial aspects take over compared to adverse effects. According to he Word Bank operational policies, PIREP has been classified as a category B project because tl - environmental adverse effects generated by the PIREP are low. However, the rehabilitation ictivities of the teaching infrastructures and related water supply and sanitation systems can have moderate adverse impacts, particularly in terms of public and private space occupation, isturbance and nuisances and waste generation during the works. This ESMF takes a ount of these environmental and social requirements. The aspects relating to the displacement Lnd resettlement of the populations are tackled in a separate document, namely the Rese tlement Policy Framework (RPF). For a better inclusion of the environmental and social requirements in the preparation and implementation of the PIREP activities, the following recommendations that are ecessary before the identification of the sites intended to receive the PIREP programmes: ( i identify good environmental practice measures (environmental and social clauses) to be inclu ed in the terms of references of construction and/or renovation works to be achieved; (ii) O anize frequent environmental supervision (overseeing) missions of the PIREP project and nsure that the mitigation measures of the PIREP project recommended by the EIA are compli d with. During the project implementation, evaluation missions will include environmental expe s (Environment Focal Point of Executive Secretariat of COREP and municipal technical ser ices) who will produce a report on the implementation of the environmental and social managen- -nt plan. More specifically, the project will have to focus on the following recommendatio s: * Nomination of an environmental focal point at the level of the Planning and N onitoring Unit of the Executive Secretariat of COREP. * Recruitment of national consultants for the drafting of the environmental secti n of the maintenance manual. (The EFP will prepare of terms of reference and propos the most qualified consultant to the approval of the Coordinator of the Project Coordinat n Unit of COREP). * Organization of meetings with the MICOA's national and provincial departmc ts but also with municipal technical services in the areas concerned by the works in orde to provide some information on the project and define with them the collaboration condi ons in the framework of the implementation monitoring. 48 * Require national expertise in EIA (specialized firms in EIA such as IMPACT ), etc.) in environmental training sessions. In addition, the following recommendations need to be followed: The Proponent The proponent should undertake to manage operations in a manner that protects Lhe environment and the health and safety of employees, customers, contractors and the public. Tc this effect, he: * has overall responsibility for ensuring that the EMPs for the rehabilitat n activities are prepared and implemented, and that they comply with all legislative and contractual requirements * Ensures that non-conformities are corrected. * Ensures that subcontractors fulfil their environmental obligations. * Ensure that the RPF is being implemented, as required, by qualified persc nel. * Advises managers, supervisors and employees of safety, health an, environmental requirements, and holds them accountable for their performance; * Monitors, evaluates and reports on performance in safety, health an environmental protection; * Provides training when needed on topics pertaining to environmental prol ction; * Informs personnel that failure to report incidents and wilful non-complia lce will result in disciplinary action in accordance with internal disciplinary guidelines. In addition, the Coordinator of the Project Coordination Unit (Executive Secretary f COREP) recruit EIA Consultants and contractors. The contractor should: * Comply with the environmental guidelines described in Annex 5 * Comply with all of the requirements of the EA and EMP and shall, in accordance with accepted standards, employ techniques, practices and methods of cons ruction that will ensure compliance with this standard and, in general, minimise enviro imental damage, control waste, avoid pollution, prevent loss or damage to natural resourc s, and minimise effects on surrounding landowners, occupants and the general public. * Such agreed remedial measures shall be undertaken immediately to prevent further damage and to repair any damage that may have occurred. * Organise labour, plant, transport and equipment to perform the work in accordance with the environmental requirements. * Ensure the project is implemented in accordance with the enviroru iental standards specified in the EMP. * Implement agreed actions resulting from routine monitoring, or inspectio Is. * In addition the contractor shall implement their own audits to ensure c nformance with the requirements of the EMP. Members of the Technical Services of the relevant municipalities will monitor th compliance with these guidelines, in coordination with the Project Coordination Unit. 49 1 1. ANNEXES 11.1. Annex 1 :Pre-Assessment Form of MICQA ("Ficha De Pre-Avaliacao") Environmental information's for Development Project 1 Name of project: 2 Type of activities: a) Tourism:- ----------------------------------- b) Industrial :------------------------------------ c) Agricultural:- - of------ ology-operation----- d) Other:- -and---------- tary-activities--- specify:- - and-- umber--f-workers:---- 3 Identification of components: :- - primary-material:---------- 4 Contact:- ----------------------------------- 5 Location of activities: * 5.1 Administrative Localization (town, city, district, province, geographical posi on) * 5.2 Insertion: (Urban - Rural) 6 Zoning: * Residential :- ----------------------------------- * Industrial:- - ---------------------------------- * Services:- - -for-Development-Projec * Parks/gardens:------------------- 7 Description of activities 7.1 Infrastructures and dimensions (attach map, etc.) :-- * 7.2 Associated activities:--------------------------- * 7.3 Short description of technology operation:------ 7.4 Principal and complementary activities: - * 7.5 Type, origin and number of workers:----------- * 7.6 Type, origin and quantity of primary material:----- ------------ * 7.7 Chemical product proposed of use - * 7.8 Type, origin and quantity of water and energy resource: ---------- * 7.9 Type, origin and quantity of combustibles and oils proposed to use: primary aterial: --- - * 7. 10 Other necessary resources : -------------------------- 8 Land ownership (legal situation, owners, modality of acquiring, etc.) :---------- - *-------- 9 Alteratives for location of activities:- (implementation justification, etc.) 50 10 Short information on local and regional environmental references: 10.1 Physical Characteristics for implementation of activities: * Plains * Plateau * Valley * Mountains 10.2 Principal Ecosystrems: * River * Lake * Sea * Land 10.3 Location/zone: * Coastal Zone * Continental Zone * Island 10.4 Type of principal vegetation: * Flora * Savana * Others (specify) 10.5 Land use: * Residential * Industrial * Protected area * Others (specify) 10.6 Principal existing infrastructures in the protect area: ---------------------------------- 11 Complementary Informations: * Location map * Other information related to the project activities. 51 11.2. Annex 2: Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF) proposed The MICOA screening form seems incomplete and doesn't permit to appreciate the Adverse effects of projects activities. To complete this gap, the precise Environmental and Social Screeni g Form has been designed to assist in the evaluation of planned construction and rehabilitation activities tinder PIREP, The form is designed to place information in the hands of implementers and reviewers so that mpacts and their mitigation measures, if any, can be identified and/or that requirements for further envi onmental impact assessment be determined. The ESSF contains information that will allow reviewers to determine the chara( terization of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment with the aim to assess the pot ntial impacts of construction and rehabilitation activities on this environment. The ESSF will also identil y potential socio- economic impacts that will require mitigation measures and/or resettlement and compens tion. Name of sub-project .......................................................| Sector .......................................................| Name of the region/community in which the construction and rehabilitation of training i acilities is to take place ...................................................... Name of Executing Agent .......................... Name of the Approving Authority ................................................ Name, job title, and contact details of the person responsible for filling out this ESSF: Name:------------- Job title: ------------------------------------ Telephone numbers: ------------------------------------ Fax Number: ------------------------------------ E-mail address:------------------- Date: ------------------------------------ Signature: ------------------------------------ PART A: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES Please provide information on the type and scale of the construction/rehabilitation activ ty (area, required land, approximate size of total building floor area). Provide information about actions needed during the construction of facilities includin support/ancillary structures and activities required to build them, e.g. need to quarry or excavate borro materials, laying pipes/lines to connect to energy or water source, access road etc. Describe how the construction/rehabilitation activities will be carried out, including suy ort/activities and resources required to operate it e.g. roads, disposal site, water supply, energy requireme t, human resource etc. 52 PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS Describe the education facility's location, sitting; surroundings (include a map, even a sk tch map) Describe the land formation, topography, vegetation in/adjacent to the training facility's rea Estimate and indicate where vegetation might need to be cleared. Environmentally sensitive areas or threatened species Are there any environmentally sensitive areas or threatened species (specify belo v) that could be adversely affected by the project? (i) Intact natural forests: Yes No l (ii) Revering Forest: Yes _ No l (iii) Surface water courses, natural springs Yes No (iv) Wetlands (lakes, rivers, swamp, seasonally inundated areas) Yes No _ (v) How far is the nearest wetland (lakes, rivers, seasonally inundated areas'? km. (vi) Area of high biodiversity: Yes No l (vii) Habitats of endangered/threatened or rare species for which protectior is required under the Malawian national law/local law and/or international agreements. (es No _ (viii) Others (describe). Yes -No l Rivers and Lakes Ecology Is there a possibility that, due to construction and operation of the training facility, e river and lake ecology will be adversely affected? Attention should be paid to water quality and q antity; the nature, productivity and use of aquatic habitats, and variations of these over time. Yes No 53 Protected areas Is the education facility (or parts of the facility) located within/adjacent to any protecte areas designated by the government (national park, national reserve, world heritage site etc.). Yes No If the training facility is outside of, but close to, any protected area, is it likely to ad iersely affect the ecology within the protected area areas (e.g. interference with the migration routes of m mals or birds). Yes No Geology and Soils Based upon visual inspection or available literature, are there areas of possible geologic or soil instability (prone to: soil erosion, landslide, subsidence, earthquake etc)? Yes No Based upon visual inspection or available literature, are there areas that have risks of I ge scale increase in soil salinity? Yes No Based upon visual inspection or available literature, are there areas prone to floods, po rly drained, low- lying, or in a depression or block run-off water Yes No Contamination and Pollution Hazards Is there a possibility that the education facility will be a source of contamination ar pollution (from latrines, dumpsites, industrial discharges etc) Yes No Landscape/aesthetics Is there a possibility that the education facility will adversely affect the aesthetic attracti eness of the local landscape? Yes No Historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site. Based on available sources, consultation with local authorities, local knowledge an Uor observations, could the education facility alter any historical, archaeological, cultural heritage traditi nal (sacred, ritual area) site or require excavation near same? Yes No 54 Resettlement and/or Land Acquisition Will involuntary resettlement, land acquisition, relocation of property, or loss, denia or restriction of access to land and other economic resources be a result of the construction/ rehabil ation of training facilities? Yes No If "Yes" OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement is triggered. Please refer to the RC ettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for appropriate mitigation measures to be taken. Loss of Crops, Fruit Trees and Household Infrastructure Will the construction/rehabilitation of the training facility result in the permanent or emporary loss of crops, fruit trees and household infra-structure (such as granaries, outside toilets and itchens, livestock shed etc)? Yes No Block of access, routes or disruption of normal operations in the general area Will the training facility interfere with or block access, routes etc (for people, livesto( k and wildlife) or traffic routing and flows? Yes --No Noise and Dust Pollution during Construction and Operation Will the operating noise level exceed the allowable noise limits? Yes No Will the operation result in emission of copious amounts of dust, hazardous fumes? Yes No Degradation and/or depletion of resources during construction and operation Will the operation involve use of considerable amounts of natural resources (constructi, n materials, water spillage, land, energy from biomass etc.) or may lead to their depletion or degradation a points of source? Yes No Solid or Liquid Wastes Will the education facility generate solid or liquid wastes? (including human excreta/se% age, asbestos) Yes No If "Yes", does the architectural plan include provisions for their adequate collec on and disposal, particularly asbestos? Yes No 55 Occupational health hazards Will the construction/rehabilitation of the training facility require large number of aff and laborers; large/long-term construction camp? Y es __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _N o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Are the construction/rehabilitation activities prone to hazards, risks and could they resu t in accidents and injuries to workers during construction or operation? Yes No Will the education facility require frequent maintenance and/or repair Yes No Public Consultations Has public consultation and participation been sought? Yes No PART C: MITIGATION MEASURES For all "Yes" responses, describe briefly the measures taken to this effect. Once the Environmental and Social Screening Form is completed it is analysed by the E vironmental Focal Point of the Planning and Monitoring Unit of the Executive Secretariat of COREP who will classify it into the appropriate category based on a predetermined criteria and the information pr( ided in the form. 56 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 11.3. Annex 3: Environmental and social checklist For each building or renovation activity proposed, fill the corresponding section on the c ecklist; Annex 4 includes several mitigations measures; that can be amended if necessary. PIREP activity Questions to be answered Yes No If 'es, Building and * Are there cultivated or non-cultivated lands, Re er to general renovation of natural resources, structures or other properties, mi gation measures school and used or non-used for any purpose, and any way? (A mex 4 and 5) education * Will there be any vegetation loss during infrastructures construction/renovation? * Are there appropriate departments for the collection of scheduled waste during construction/renovation works? * Will the construction/renovation be often cleaned? * Will the refuse generated during works collected? * Will the materials and assistance facilities be available during construction/ renovation works? Operation of school * Are there pollution risks of groundwater by If, es, see the Plan for and education work sites activities? the appropriate infrastructures * Are there ecologic and sensitive zones in the mi gation and neighboring areas of the infrastructure that mc itoring measures, could be adversely impacted? see also Annex 6 * Are there impacts on the health of the populations living next to the infrastructure scheduled to be build /renovated? * Are there visual impacts caused by work site installations but also during the transport and discharge of work site wastes * Are there smells coming from the discharge of work site wastes? * Are there human settlements and land uses (such as agriculture, recreational areas) next to the school infrastructures, or sites of cultural, religious or historic importance? 57 11.4. Annex 4: Mitigation measures list Table a: general mitigation measures Potential adverse impacts Potential Mitigation meas res * Visual impact following the turning of work * Regular collection and evacuation of work site efuse towards authorized sites discharge areas into waste dumps dumps * Air pollution during the burning of some work * Involve the Local Communities in the selectio of discharge sites site wastes (wheels, papers, etc ...) * Put in place safety measures * Risks of accidents during works * Conduct an awareness raising campaign for th work sites staff and the * Contamination risk by HIV during the transfer users of school infrastructures (schoolboys, te hers, etc.) of manpower * Conduct awareness raising campaigns on HIV IDS * Disturbance of school and education activities * Select work periods (avoiding as much as poss ble period of classes) during works * Design traffic deviation plans approved by the oncemed administrative * Disturbance of the circulation of goods and authorities persons by the engines, the storage of * Make careful and motivated selection of install tion sites materials (works done in town) * Conduct an awareness raising campaign befor the start of the works * Involuntary displacement of populations or * Ensure hygiene and security measures are resp cted in work sites economic activities * Post signaling systems for the works * Waste generation during building works * Hire in priority local man power * Pollutions et Nuisances; degradation of the * Ensure the safety rules are complied with durin i works living environment * Include in the project support measures (conne tion to water ad electricity * Non use of local manpower and sanitation networks, equipment; Upkeep nd management * Use of the lands of displaced people programme) * Disruption or destruction of sites of cultural, * Design an action plan for the resettlement in c se of involuntary of historic or religious importance populations as per RPF * Avoid to install the facilities in a way thal will need resettlement, the Exploitation phase displacement of other important soil uses; or 1 ie encroachment on historic, * Lack of maintenance measures cultural or traditional use areas; refer to the 3ank's safeguard policies in * Lack of support measures (equipment; staff; Annex 6 connection to water and electricity network;) * Compensation/resettlement according to Res ttlement Policy Framework * Non operation because the non execution of (RPF) the works Exploitation phase * Closely involve provincial departments in the mplementation monitoring * Reclaim the quarries and other sites that have een borrowed * Design a management and maintenance plan o infrastructures * Ensure regular monitoring of works Impacts on the natural environment * Avoid to excavate building materials in natura protected areas * Impacts on protected areas; critical habitats * Careful planning and selection of new installal on sites for rare species or of ecologic or domestic * Respect protected areas particularly trees importance; and wills areas. * Refer to the Bank's safeguard policies, Annex| Impacts on water quality I * Potential pollution of the quality of surface * Install work sites far from waterways and groundwater's * Regular collection of work sites refuse toward authorized dumps * Protect water resources putting them away fro: n discharge areas of work sites wastes. 58 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Table b: Specific mitigation measures for Sanitation at Training Facilities Potential Negative Impacts Possible Mitigation measu es Septic tanks I Soil and water pollution due to seepage from Ensure regular emptying; conduct hygien education campaign to tanks raise awareness of the health risks of ex osed sewage; establish and support affordable pump out services Contamination of water supply sources Locate latrine at least 30, but preferably 60 n away from well, springs and boreholes Soak pit overflowing and contaminating water Ensure that pits are located in soil where se page can percolate surface Establish and support affordable pump out ervices Blocked and overflow latrine (health risks) Establish a routine maintenance and cleani] g service Lack of water for continuous toilet services Ensure the installation of water supply or M ater reservoir with enough capacity I Inadequate cleaning and maintenance service, Establish a system to support the employm nt of a caretaker or creating unhygienic condition, and as a result routine cleaning and maintenance students avoid using them Animal vector such flies and rodents carry Ensure regular cleaning diseases from the latrines Ensure access pathways to decomposing e) rements for flies and rodents are blocked Students defecating in open areas Design, promote and conduct public hygier e awareness campaigns focusing on adverse health impacts arising s a consequence of open defecation and promote latrine use 59 11.5. Annex 5: Environmental Guidelines for Contractors The following guidelines should be included in the contractor's agreements: * Installation of the work site on areas far enough from water points, houses and se isitive areas. * Sanitary equipments and installations * Site regulation (what is allowed and not allowed on work sites) * Compliance with laws, rules and other permits in vigor. * Hygiene and security on work sites * Protect neighboring properties * Ensure the permanence of the traffic and access of neighboring populations durii the works to avoid hindrance to traffic * Protect staff working on work sites * Soil, surface and groundwater protection: avoid any wastewater discharge, oil sp 11 and discharge of any type of pollutants on soils, in surface or groundwaters, in sewers, drainag ditches or into the sea. * Protect the environment against exhaust fuels and oils * Protect the environment against dust and other solid residues * Waste management: install containers to collect the wastes generated next to the reas of activity. * Degradation/demolition of private properties: inform and raise the awareness of he populations before any activity of degradation of gods. Compensate beneficiaries before any emolition. * Use a quarry of materials according to the mining code requirements * Compensation planting in case of deforestation or tree felling * No waste slash and bum on site * Speed limitation of work site engines and cars * Allow the access of Public and emergency services * Organize the storage of materials on the public highway * Parking and displacements of machines * Footbridges and access of neighbors * Signaling of works * Respect of cultural sites * Dispose safely of asbestos * Consider impacts such as noise, dust, and safety concerns on the surroundin population and schedule construction activities accordingly; * Protect soil surfaces during construction and revegetate or physically stabilize el dible surfaces; * Ensure proper drainage; * Prevent standing water in open construction pits, quarries or fill areas t avoid potential contamination of the water table and the development of a habitat for disease-ca rying insects; * Select construction materials sustainably, particularly wood; * Control and clean the construction site daily; * During construction, control dust by using water or through other means; . Provide adequate waste disposal and sanitation services at the construction site; * Dispose of oil and solid waste materials appropriately. * Preserve natural habitats along streams, steep slopes, and ecologically ser itive areas; * Develop maintenance and reclamation plans and restore vegetation and h bitat. 60 11.6. Annex 6: Summary of the World Bank Safeguard Policies OP 4.01 Environmental The objective of the policy is to ensure the Depending on the proje( , and nature of impacts assessment projects financed by the Bank are sound and a range of instrumen can be used: EIA, sustainable, and decision making be improved environmental audit, ha ard or risk assessment through an appropriate analysis of actions and of and environmental management plan their potential environmental impacts. This (EMP).When a project likely to have sectoral policy is triggered if a project is likely to have or regional impacts, se oral or regional EA is environmental risks and impacts (adverse) on its required. The EIA is t e responsibility of the area of influence. OP 4.01 covers the borrower. environmental impacts (nature air, water and land); human health and security; physical In the context of the PIR P, an Environmental cultural resources; as well as transboundary and and Social Management lan was prepared global environmental problems. (ESMF), including an E] vironmental Management Plan (EMT ; the ESMF will help assess the impacts of fut re constructions and rehabilitation activities e d orient implementation. OP 4.04 Natural This policy recognizes that the conservation of This policy is triggerec by any type of project Habitats natural habitats is essential for long-term (including any sub roject under sectoral sustainable development. The Bank, therefore, investment regime or i ernediary funding) that supports the protection, maintenance, and have the potential to cause some important rehabilitation of natural habitats in its project conversion (loss) or egradation of natural financing, as well as policy dialogue and habitats, whether directl (by the construction) or analytical work. The Bank supports, and expects indirectly (by human a tivities triggered by the the Borrowers to apply, a precautionary approach les project). to natural resource management to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable In the context of the PII P, the construction and development. rehabilitation activities hat could have adverse impacts on natural habit ts will not be funded. OP 4.36 Forests The objective of this policy is to help borrowers This policy is triggered -ach time an investment exploit the potential of forests in order to curb project financed by the I ank: (i) has the potential poverty in a sustainable manner, efficiently to cause health impacts nd the quality of forests integrate forests in sustainable economic or the rights and the we being of the people and development and protect vital local and global their dependency level ith the interaction with environmental services and forests values. Where forests; or (ii) aims at ringing some change in forest restoration and plantation are needed in the uses of natural fores or plantations. order to achieve these objectives, the Bank helps borrowers in forest restoration activities in order In the framework of the PIREP, the building and to maintain or develop biodiversity and the renovation activities tha will adversely affect the operation of ecosystems. The Bank help quality of the forests or ring in some change in borrowers in the creation of forest plantations the management will no be financed. appropriate from the environmental viewpoint and socially beneficial and economically sound in order to help meet the growing forests' needs and services 61 OP 4.09 Pest The objective of this policy is to promote the use The policy is triggei d if procurement of Management of biological or environmental control methods pesticides is envisaged (either directly through and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical the project or indirectl through on-lending); if pesticides. In Bank-financed agricultural the project may affect p, st management in a way operations, pest populations are normally that harm could be done even though the project controlled through Integrated Pest Management is not envisaged to Irocure pesticides. This (IPM) approaches. In Bank-financed public includes projects that n:ay lead to substantially health projects, the Bank supports controlling increased pesticide use ind subsequent increase pests primarily through environmental methods. in health and environm ntal risks; and projects The policy further ensures that health and that may maintain o expand present pest environmental hazards associated with pesticides management practices tl it are unsustainable. are minimized. The procurement of pesticides in a Bank-financed project is contingent on an In the framework of t e PIREP, the activities assessment of the nature and degree of associated requiring the use of esticides will not be risk, taking into account the proposed use and the financed. intended user. OP 4.11 Cultural The objective of this policy is the help countries This policy applies to all projects included in Property avoid or reduce the adverse impacts of category A or B of the B vironmental assessment development projects on physical cultural scheduled in OP4.0 1. resources. In order to implement such policy, the word "physical cultural resources" means movable and unmovable objects, sites, structures, With the PIREP, con Lruction and renovation natural's aspects of landscapes that have an activities that are likely to have adverse impacts importance form the archeological, paleontoligic, on cultural property wil not be financed. historic, architectural, religious, aesthetic or other. Physical cultural resources could be found in urban or rural areas, as well as both in the open air, under the ground and in the sea also. OP 4.10 The objective of the policy is (i): ensure that the The policy is triggered hen the project affects Indigenous development process encourages full respect of indigenous people ( ith the characteristics populations dignity, human rights and cultural features of described in OD 4.20 p a 5) in the area covered indigenous people; (ii) ensure they do not suffer by the project from the detrimental effects during the development process; and ensure indigenous With the PREP, b ilding and renovation people reap economic and social advantages activities that are likely to have adverse impacts compatible with their culture. on indigenous people w I not be financed. OP 4.12 The objective of this policy is to avoid or This policy is trigger d not only if physical Involuntary minimize involuntary resettlement where relocation occurs, but lso by any loss of land Resettlement feasible, exploring all viable alternative project resulting in: relocation r loss of shelter; loss of designs. Furthermore, it intends to assist assets or access to asse ; loss of income sources displaced persons in improving their former or means of liveliho , whether or not the living standards; it encourages community affected people must mx ve to another location. participation in planning and implementing resettlement; and to provide assistance to Under PIREP, a Resettl ment Policy Framework affected people, regardless of the legality of title (RPF) has been prepa ed which will serve as of land. guidance for the prepa ation of a RAP should land acquisition be requ ed. OP 4.37 Dams The objectives of this policy are established as The policy is triggered when the Bank finances security follows: For new dams, ensure the design and (i) a project involving e building of a big dam _supervision are done by experienced and (15 m of height or r e) or a dam presenting 62 competent professionals; for existing ones, great hazard; and (ii); project depending on ensure that any dam that can influence the another existing dam. For small dams, general project performance is identified, an assessment safety measures designe by qualified engineers of the dam security conducted, and the other are appropriate. required safety measures and corrective measures implemented. In the framework of the IREP, no funds will be available for the buildin or renovation of dams OP 7.50 Projects The objective of this policy is to operate in such This policy s triggered if a) implemented on a way as the projects financed by the Bank A river, a channel, lake c any other watercourse international affecting the international watercourses do not located between two stat s, or a river or a surface waterways affect: (i) the relationships between the Bank and river discharging into a r er located in one or her borrowers and between States (members or two states, be they memt rs of the World Bank non members of the Bank); and (ii) the or not international watercourses are used and (b) a river branch which s a component of a efficiently protected? watercourse descried un r item (a); recognized to be a necessary commu ication channel The policy applies to the following project types: between the ocean and t- other states, and any (a) hydro electric, irrigation, flood control, river discharging into the e waters and (c) a bay, drainage, water collection, industrial and other strait, or channel bound 1 y two states or more or projects involving the use or potential pollution flowing in an unknown s ate. of international watercourses, and (b) detailed studies for project design under item (a) above In the framework of the IREP, the building and quoted including those carried out by the Bank in renovation activities that are likely to have an her position of implementation agency or else. impact on international v aterways will not be financed. OP 7.60 Projects The objective of this policy is to operate in such This policy is triggered f the project proposed is located in a way as the problems experienced by projects in located in a o