83057 CGIAR Annual Report 2012 Partnership for impact Science for a food secure future CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. CGIAR research is dedicated to reducing rural poverty, increasing food security, improving human health and nutrition, and ensuring more sustainable management of natural resources. It is carried out by the 15 centers who are members of the CGIAR Consortium in close collaboration with hundreds of partner organizations, including national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, and the private sector. www.cgiar.org This report, and additional associated content, is available online at www.cgiar.org/AR2012 Citation: CGIAR. 2013. Annual Report 2012: Partnership for impact. CGIAR. Montpellier, France. 49 pp. This report was printed on FSC certified paper according to the high environmental standards of the Imprim'Vert specification: ensuring the use of only non-toxic products, and proper containment and disposal of hazardous substances. Writing by Scriptoria (www.scriptoria.co.uk), CGIAR Consortium, and CGIAR Fund Office. Design and layout by Scriptoria, with creative support from Michelle Fotsy and Martina Mascarenhas, CGIAR Consortium. Special thanks to Michele Pietrowski, CGIAR Fund Office, for support with this report's concept, content, and coordination. Photo credits Cover (left to right): Neil Palmer/CIAT, Felix Clay/WorldFish, 2012, Neil Palmer/CIAT, Stevie Mann/ILRI; Foreword: Neil Palmer/CIAT; p.2 (left to right): World Bank, World Agroforestry Centre; p.3: Petterik Wiggers/IWMI; p.5: Munira Morshed Munni/IRRI; p.7: Md Masudur Rahaman/WorldFish, 2012; p.9: Neil Palmer/CIAT; p.10: Ollivier Girard/CIFOR; p.13: Neil Palmer/CIAT; p.14: Fiona Paumgarten/CIFOR; p.17: Felix Clay/WorldFish, 2012; p.19: Neil Palmer/CIAT; p.21: Felix Clay/WorldFish, 2012; p.22: WorldFish, 2004; p.25: X. Scheldeman/Bioversity International; p.27: Andy Kristian Agaba/ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; p.29: Neil Palmer/CIAT; p.31: Georgina Smith/WorldFish, 2012; p.32: CGIAR Fund Office, 2012; p.33: IRRI; p.35: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; p.36: Ollivier Girard/CIFOR; p.44: Neil Palmer/CIAT; p.47: ICRISAT Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Strong progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Looking outward and thinking inclusively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Focus: Partnership for impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Reducing poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Increasing food security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Improving nutrition and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Sustainably managing natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Moving CGIAR forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Shaping the research agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Improving efficiency and effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Tribute to CGIAR donors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Investment in CGIAR: Financial summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 CGIAR 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 CGIAR Consortium Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 www.cgiar.org/AR2012 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 FOREWORD Foreword As CGIAR begins its fourth year of reform, it varieties get into farmers' fields with greater is important to take stock of our efforts, speed and scale, with the ultimate goal of recognize the enormous progress we have combating malnutrition. made to date, as well as the challenges we still face, and ensure that we are making the Recognizing the importance of most of new opportunities to optimize the private–public partnerships to improve and impact of our research for the benefit of the accelerate access to the best technologies, poor. In this regard, CGIAR made strong knowledge, and innovation to achieve progress in 2012, marked by critical maximum impact for the poor, in 2012 milestones and important developments CGIAR adopted its first ever system-wide ranging from scientific breakthroughs, to Principles on the Management of Intellectual historical gains in funding, to landmark Assets. This groundbreaking policy will achievements in how we conduct our enable CGIAR to better harness the business. We solidified our commitment to a strengths of all partners so that the programmatic approach to research with a outcomes of CGIAR research can be used fully approved portfolio of CGIAR Research effectively by those who need them most. Programs; launched initiatives to ensure that Ensuring that the results of our research gender equality is a top priority in all aspects move more quickly into the hands of small- of our work; took steps to create a more scale farmers, fishers, and foresters will performance-based system; and generated continue to be both a challenge and a new knowledge, tools, and technologies, priority in future. including agricultural innovations that are nutrition-sensitive and climate smart. Complementing this effort, during the second CGIAR Funders Forum, donors This year's Annual Report showcases how endorsed the Strategy and Results new ways of doing research are improving Framework Action Plan developed by the the incomes, food security, and health and CGIAR Consortium in 2012. The Plan, wellbeing of poor smallholders and their which also defines a set of goals and families, and illustrates the importance of targets for good partnerships, promises an strategic partnerships in delivering that increased focus on impact-driven research impact. Success stories range from linking by identifying more precise intermediate small-scale producers of chili peppers in development outcomes for each of the Bolivia and Peru with international markets, CGIAR Research Programs. Clearly defined to blending traditional knowledge with indicators will improve and streamline modern technologies to sustainably increase reporting, facilitate transparent decision- the productivity of farmers, fishers, and making, and better ensure that donors know livestock keepers in the Zambezi River what to expect from their investments, basin in southern Africa. making the entire system more accountable. As part of our work to exploit the potential of CGIAR also took a number of steps in 2012 agriculture to improve nutrition and health, to better meet the needs of poor rural in 2012 CGIAR and its partners made women, reduce the gender gap in available four new biofortified food crops to agriculture, and empower female farmers. In farmers in India, Nigeria, Rwanda, and collaboration with the United States Agency Zambia. In addition to containing higher for International Development (USAID) and levels of critical nutrients, the crops – beans, the Oxford Poverty & Human Development cassava, maize, and pearl millet – are high Initiative (OPHI), CGIAR developed a first- yielding and drought or heat tolerant, of-its-kind tool that measures the offering the potential for significant empowerment and inclusion of women in nutritional benefits in regions that are agriculture to document obstacles and increasingly affected by climate change. In constraints, and ultimately overcome them. India and Zambia, CGIAR is partnering with Research by other CGIAR scientists private seed companies to ensure that new identified opportunities for increasing www.cgiar.org/AR2012 1 FOREWORD women's earnings through the marketing of CGIAR's history, putting us well on track to non-timber forestry products. And when reach our US$1 billion target in 2013. women have more opportunities to flourish, everyone benefits. Food security increases, As elaborated in the financial section of this poverty drops, children are better nourished, Annual Report, the increase in overall and environmental stewardship improves. funding is just one indicator that the reform process is bearing fruit. The growth in The first step to transforming people's lives contributions to CGIAR's multi-donor trust through the benefits of agricultural research, fund is perhaps an even better indicator of however, often starts in an office or donors' commitment to key aspects of the laboratory. And on that front, CGIAR also reform. From 2011 to 2012, contributions registered major accomplishments in 2012. received through the Fund increased by Using the latest biotechnology tools, for 33%. Of that, nearly two-thirds was provided example, scientists discovered in CGIAR's as harmonized funding, enabling CGIAR to extensive seed collections a gene that pool resources to finance research priorities enables rice plants to produce 20% more and reflecting increasing interest in a grain by increasing uptake of phosphorus. multilateral approach to funding. This discovery will enable small-scale farmers who cannot afford fertilizers for their Although CGIAR made considerable and poor soils to grow more rice, improving food noteworthy progress on many fronts in security and incomes while conserving the 2012, we are determined to do more and to world's rapidly diminishing reserves of rock do it better, so that every dollar received will phosphate. In Southeast Asia, rice farmers deliver even greater benefits for poor rural are already benefiting from new CGIAR communities in developing countries. technologies, including a mobile phone CGIAR is committed to continually application that enables them to receive measuring and assessing the impact of our advice on applying the right type of fertilizer work to ensure that good intentions and in the correct amount at the optimum time. best efforts consistently lead to tangible improvements in people's lives. But we None of these achievements, of course, certainly cannot do it alone. In order to fully would be possible without strong support reap the fruits of reform, we need to from our valued investors. Despite fiscal enhance and expand our collaboration – difficulties and tight aid budgets among with civil society, national research partners, many of our donors, financial contributions academia, development practitioners, new to CGIAR continued to grow at a very robust investors, and long-time donors. By working rate, reflecting donors' confidence in together, we are confident that we can CGIAR's ability to tackle some of the most ultimately achieve our mutual goals of pressing global development challenges. eradicating poverty, conserving vital natural With more than a 20% increase in funding resources for future generations, and over the previous year, 2012 marked the ensuring everyone's right to safe, nutritious, single largest annual increase in funding in and sufficient food. Rachel Kyte, Carlos Pérez CGIAR Fund del Castillo, Council Chair CGIAR Consortium Board Chair 2 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS Strong progress In 2012, CGIAR continued to deliver innovative, comprehensive, and CGIAR Research Programs sustainable development solutions  Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) while strengthening collaborative  Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) research through the new CGIAR  Climate Change, Agriculture and Research Programs brought about Food Security (CCAFS) by reform.  Dryland Cereals  Dryland Systems CGIAR's reform process was designed in  Forests, Trees and Agroforestry large part to ensure that the knowledge  Grain Legumes generated by CGIAR scientists and their  Integrated Systems for the Humid partners leads to results – for small-scale Tropics (Humidtropics) farmers, poor forest and fishing communities,  Livestock and Fish national agricultural research systems, rural  Maize (MAIZE) women, and policymakers. The changes  Managing and Sustaining Crop brought about by reform – a Consortium to Collections (Genebanks) unite the Centers, a programmatic approach  Policies, Institutions and Markets to research, a Fund to harmonize (PIM) investments in that research, and a  Rice (Global Rice Science determined commitment to work inclusively Partnership – GRiSP) with partner organizations to create synergies  Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) and maximize impact – are manifest in the  Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) new strategic focus and way in which CGIAR  Wheat (WHEAT) works. By the end of 2012, all 16 CGIAR Research Programs had been approved. Alleviating poverty, increasing food security, that focuses explicitly on poor people in improving nutrition and health, and developing countries. The Programs managing natural resources are all closely position CGIAR to pursue innovative, linked. The CGIAR Research Programs comprehensive, and sustainable solutions – tackle these issues through a such as crops resilient to extreme weather, comprehensive strategy of research-for- pests and disease, and more efficient ways development – the CGIAR Strategy and to manage water, trees, soils, livestock, Results Framework (SRF). The SRF is an fisheries, and forests – and to deploy evidence-based, impact-oriented agenda technologies now available. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 3 STRONG PROGRESS humans and vice versa – falls on one billion INNOVATION poor livestock keepers. In poor countries zoonoses affect one in seven livestock, In 2012, although all 16 CGIAR Research leading to 2.3 million people becoming ill Programs had been approved and some and 1.7 million dying each year. CGIAR had been operating for a year or more, researchers in the Dynamic Drivers of others were only just getting started. During Disease in Africa Consortium published a the transition from 'old' projects and report3 showing the links between poverty programs to the new integrated Programs, and regions prone to zoonoses. The report CGIAR scientists continued to develop new attracted wide media coverage and drew knowledge and technologies, improve attention to diseases associated with practices, contribute to policymaking, build agriculture, one of the issues being capacity, and empower scientists, poor addressed by the CGIAR Research smallholders, and rural women. Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health4 (A4NH). The report and an Alleviating poverty and food accompanying UK Institute for Development Studies (IDS) rapid response briefing for insecurity policymakers went 'viral' across the internet As the global population increases to a and print media and attracted, for example, predicted nine billion by 2050, pressure the attention of Indian policymakers to the mounts to produce more food without potential threats associated with zoonoses. destroying the planet. Research to empower poor rural communities and raise the CGIAR's International Rice Research productivity of crops and agricultural Institute (IRRI) and its partners in the Global systems – including livestock, fish, and Rice Science Partnership5 (GRiSP) reported agroforestry – will be essential to alleviate the discovery of a new gene in rice, the poverty and ensure food security. CGIAR culmination of 10 years of research. The Research Programs are designed to gene, PSTOL1, makes it possible for rice address these interrelated issues. roots to absorb more phosphorus from the soil or fertilizers, thereby producing up to New knowledge 20% more grain. This is particularly In 2012, CGIAR scientists published 1,290 important for smallholder farmers who papers in peer-reviewed publications and cannot afford to buy fertilizers. produced many significant reports. In one key paper1 scientists of the CGIAR Research Sequencing the chickpea genome was also Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and completed during the year. This Food Security2 (CCAFS) described the groundbreaking research opens the door to expected impacts of climate change on the much more efficient and effective production of cassava and six other staple improvement of the third most important crops in sub-Saharan Africa – potato, maize, grain legume in the world. The potential bean, banana, millet, and sorghum. A news value of this is significant: grain legumes release based on the article generated major such as chickpea are the 'meat of the poor', coverage in the international media. The providing protein and helping to meet other coverage contributed to a key goal of nutritional needs. CCAFS – promoting options for adapting to climate change. Agricultural research-for-development takes place in the context of national, regional, The greatest burden of zoonotic diseases – and international agendas. In 2012, diseases transmitted from animals to CGIAR's International Food Policy Research 1 Jarvis A, Ramirez-Villegas J, Herrera Campo BV, and Navarro-Racines C. 2012. Is cassava the answer to African climate change adaptation? Tropical Plant Biology, 5:1 (9–29). DOI: 10.1007/s12042-012-9096-7 2 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 3 Grace D, Mutua F, Ochungo P, Kruska R, Jones K, Brierley L, Lapar L, Said M, Herrero M, Phuc PM, Thao NB, Akuku I, and Ogutu F. 2012. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots. Zoonoses Project 4. Report to the UK Department for International Development. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute 4 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 5 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Rice (GRiSP), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 4 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS Institute (IFPRI), which leads the CGIAR more than 150 food security and Research Program on Policies, Institutions development-related indicators in the region. and Markets6 (PIM), published the first of a The atlas will provide researchers and new annual series covering major food policymakers with tools and information for policy developments. The Global Food strategic policy decisions at the subnational, Policy Report 2011 spelled out the good national, and regional levels, based on the and bad news on food security (see box on best and most up-to-date data and page 6). This first report, making the case information available. Data sources include for keeping food policy issues high on the the World Bank's World Development global agenda, will serve as a reference for Indicators databank, International Monetary policymakers and stakeholders when Fund, World Health Organization, FAO, discussing sustainable solutions for ending United States National Aeronautics and hunger and poverty. Space Administration, United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Feedipedia, a groundbreaking new website, Administration, CGIAR, and IFPRI among is the fruit of a partnership between other regional, national, and subnational CGIAR's International Livestock Research statistical bodies. Institute (ILRI), which leads the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish,7 New technologies and improved the Food and Agriculture Organization of the practices United Nations (FAO), and others. Work by CGIAR continues to change the Feedipedia is a mine of information on lives of rural communities in developing animal feeds. The website describes 1,400 countries. This has included developing a different types – from the traditional to the toolkit for rapidly assessing value chains, an lesser known and unconventional – for a index-based insurance to help Ethiopian wide variety of livestock and fish farming pastoralists manage climate variability, and systems. The information, gathered together a new protocol for measuring and for the first time in one place and accessible monitoring soil organic stocks to help to all, will help boost small-scale livestock advance understanding of their adaptation farming, increasing smallholder productivity and mitigation potential. and thus making meat, milk, and fish more available and affordable to consumers Modern maize breeding programs use the across the developing world. doubled haploid method, a technique for dramatically cutting the time and effort The first pan-African study of groundwater required to produce hybrids compared with was also concluded, filling gaps in research conventional breeding. However, few public on groundwater irrigation and water breeding programs or small- and medium- management. Arab Spatial was another size seed companies, especially in important tool that was completed. This developing countries, use the procedure. digital atlas contains maps and data for The CGIAR Research Program on Maize8 6 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 7 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish (Livestock and Fish), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 8 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Maize (MAIZE), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports www.cgiar.org/AR2012 5 STRONG PROGRESS Global Food Policy Report 2011 The good news The bad news  Agriculture, nutrition, and health  High and extremely volatile food climbed to the top of national and prices in the first half of the year global agendas, and the links between threatened the food security of agriculture, food, land, water, and millions of people. energy received more attention.  Biofuel policies in the United States  The world's major political leaders of America (USA) and the European made food policy a high priority, with Union (EU) have not been changed the G20 agreement on an Action Plan to take into account their impact on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture. on land-use change and food price  At the World Economic Forum, the volatility. world's business and society leaders  The Doha Round of trade gave agriculture a boost when they negotiations has still not been initiated their New Vision for finalized, so countries continue to Agriculture. maintain domestic policies that  Encouraging progress was made at the undermine the trading prospects of climate change conference in Durban, developing countries and the acknowledging the role agriculture can sustainability of the global food play in the mitigation of and adaptation system. to climate change.  Setting a clear international standard  China's focus on agricultural policy or 'code of conduct' for large-scale bore fruit as total grain production foreign investment in land has exceeded 570 million tons, a new received too little attention. record.  African countries are not meeting  India's parliament introduced a their target of allocating at least 10% National Food Security Bill to provide of national budgetary resources to affordable grains to more than half of agriculture. its 1.2 billion people.  The international community  New initiatives such as Feed the responded slowly and too late to the Future, the Global Agriculture and disaster that was unfolding in the Food Security Program, and Horn of Africa. South–South cooperation boosted  Hunger still persists globally: nearly agriculture investments. one billion people go hungry every  Promoting mother and child nutrition day. The 2011 Global Hunger Index gained momentum as it became widely indicates that more than two dozen accepted that the nutrition in the 1,000 countries have 'alarming' or days between conception and a child's 'extremely alarming' hunger levels. second birthday are of crucial importance for the child's future. (MAIZE) organized training courses in Latin America, Africa, and Asia to help breeders in "The course was a very good these regions apply the doubled haploid experience for me. I'd read about method and to encourage them to become [doubled haploids], but was able proactive in producing hybrids adapted to local environments. Breeders trained in the to practice all the steps." doubled haploid method will help speed the Victor Moran Rosas, breeder, delivery of improved maize varieties to Semillas Berentsen, Mexico small-scale farmers and cooperatives. 6 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS Technologies for making low-intensity tilapia–shrimp aquaculture profitable In southern Bangladesh, the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural "Mali has only five seed Systems10 (AAS) organized training companies serving the country, courses for 23,000 men and 23,000 thus it is imperative to build the women to introduce new aquaculture skill base in breeding." technologies. Low-intensity commercial tilapia–shrimp aquaculture has significantly Ntji Coulibaly, Head, National Maize expanded and is now practiced over Program, Institute of Rural Economy, 92,000 hectares, changing the lives of Mali participants. Fish farmers who took part in training sessions on pond management and breeding in the USAID-funded Feed In western India, the CGIAR Research the Future Aquaculture project generated Program on Dryland Cereals9 introduced greater profits after the training than they techniques for growing improved varieties of did before. sorghum, such as treating seed with thiamethoxam to control shoot fly, using Take Ensan Ali, owner of a fish nursery seed drills to space plants favorably, in Barisal, Bangladesh. He had no applying fertilizer based on the results of formal training in nursery management soil tests, and managing water. The 25,000 and his losses were so severe that he farmers using the new techniques have was going to close his nursery. Now that harvested 40% more grain and 20% more Ensan has been trained in preparing fodder, and farm incomes have risen by and managing ponds, planning, 50% over 2 years. stocking, and harvesting, he expects to make a net annual profit of US$2,450 – Urbanization is putting pressure on water up from US$500 the year before. "I used resources, especially in water-scarce areas. to work with risk before, but now I know In these regions, introducing technologies to how and what to do for successful fry recover urban waste water and use it safely production," he says. His pond serves can help maintain sustainable food supplies. as a demonstration for neighboring One notable success in reusing waste water farmers, and Ensan plans to extend his is in the Near East where the CGIAR business by opening two new ponds. Research Program on Water, Land and 9 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals (Dryland Cereals), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 10 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports www.cgiar.org/AR2012 7 STRONG PROGRESS Ecosystems11 (WLE) worked with farmers in can speed up and make breeding more arid and semi-arid areas of Jordan, efficient. To harness the potential of these Lebanon, and Palestine to set up grey water technologies, the CGIAR Research Program treatment stations and show that urban on Roots, Tubers and Bananas13 (RTB) is waste water could safely be used for creating comprehensive maps of the genes irrigation. Between 2010 and 2012, 24 and metabolic processes in the main RTB treatment stations were set up. Farmers in crops. The 'Omics approach' combines Jordan successfully using treated waste research in three key areas: genomics, the water are encouraging others to follow suit. use of DNA sequencing to uncover and map Following a visit by Palestinian farmers and thousands of single nucleotide technical staff from the West Bank and polymorphism (SNP) markers; Gaza Strip to farms in Jordan where grey metabolomics, the study of chemical water was being used, the Palestinians fingerprints of cellular processes; and have since repaired a neglected waste phenomics, the evaluation of how genes water treatment station in the City of Ateel, determine phenotypes. Applying these new on the northern West Bank. techniques will accelerate the development of more productive varieties and improve According to FAO, Ug99, a new race of farmers' yields. stem rust, could cut global wheat production by 60 million tons and cause food prices to Improving nutrition and health spike. The CGIAR Research Program on Wheat12 (WHEAT) is part of the fight against Six CGIAR Research Programs are working stem rust, developing and releasing new on enhancing the productivity, resilience, varieties resistant to Ug99. In India, two new and the nutritional value of staple food crops. varieties derived from CGIAR germplasm One is the CGIAR Research Program on that are resistant to Ug99 and yield 12–14% Grain Legumes,14 a partner in the Pan-Africa more than currently grown popular varieties were planted on 50,000 hectares. But for more farmers to be able to grow varieties resistant to Ug99, they need to be able to obtain seed. Wheat scientists at CGIAR's International Maize and Wheat Improvement "Investments in agricultural Center (CIMMYT) foresaw the risk of not research are vital to improve having enough seed in a crisis. They alerted food security and nutrition in donors who provided funds for seed developing countries. Canada is production. Thanks to rapid methods of seed production introduced by CGIAR a proud supporter of CGIAR, Research Programs, six countries – which develops scientific and Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, policy innovations to improve Nepal, and Pakistan – have produced sufficient seed of Ug99-resistant wheat to both the quantity and quality of counter a potential outbreak. food produced, leading to healthier children and mothers, Raising yields of root, tuber, and banana and reduced rural poverty." crops is cumbersome because of their biology. Increases in yields tend to lag Honorable Julian Fantino, Canadian compared to major cereals. Next-generation Minister of International Cooperation sequencing technologies and plant metabolite profiling (fingerprinting), however, 11 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 12 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Wheat (WHEAT), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 13 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 14 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes (Grain Legumes), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 8 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS Bean Research Alliance (PABRA). PABRA (ICRISAT) developed new varieties of pearl partner organizations have together solved millet that are rich in iron and zinc. Pearl problems in bean production that few could millet is another crop with the potential to handle individually. Members have released boost both nutrition and incomes, about 450 improved bean varieties since particularly as it is one of the few crops that 1985, raising the incomes of eight million thrives on poor land. Across large tracts of rural households – about 45 million people – the poorer, less fertile parts of India, bread, and promising them a healthier future. chapatti, and porridge are made from millet Because the new varieties give higher yields flour. Improving the nutritional value of pearl and are more resistant to disease, they help millet could therefore make a big difference rural households become more food secure to people's health in these areas. In the and boost household incomes. According to states of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, a recent impact study, improved beans are and Uttar Pradesh where pearl millet is a expected to deliver economic benefits of staple food, an estimated 70% of children US$200 million from 1986–2015. under five are anemic, mainly due to iron deficiency. HarvestPlus launched a Larger harvests and more nutritious crops partnership with an Indian company, Nirmal from the same area of land are particularly Seeds Pvt. Ltd, to distribute iron-rich millet important for improving nutrition and health seeds more quickly to farmers. Nirmal where agricultural land is scarce. In 2012, the Seeds is arranging field demonstrations to Government of Rwanda released five iron- promote ICTP-8203Fe – a variety that is not rich bean varieties that were developed only higher in iron but also gives 15% under the HarvestPlus Program in A4NH by higher yields – and selling seed through its the Rwanda Agriculture Board and CGIAR's network of distributors. In 2012, Nirmal International Center for Tropical Agriculture Seeds sold 180 tons of ICTP-8203Fe seed. (CIAT). Thanks to partnerships with More than 35,000 farmers in Maharashtra cooperatives, agro-dealers, and even adopted the high iron variety ICTP-8203Fe. churches, more than 136,000 Rwandan households received 'iron bean' seed packs Pearl millet is just one of six crops being in 2012. Because of their high iron content evaluated for their nutritional value – looking the new varieties help combat iron-deficiency at Vitamin A, iron, or zinc levels – by the anemia in Rwanda where per capita bean large cross-Center HarvestPlus Program, consumption is the highest in the world. which breeds and develops biofortified crops. Once high-yielding varieties of staple Also as part of the HarvestPlus Program, foods with superior levels of micronutrients scientists at CGIAR's International Crops have been tested for their nutritional impact, Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics the best will be rolled out on a large scale. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 9 STRONG PROGRESS Managing natural resources the steep slopes of Lake Tanganyika. They have planted two million indigenous trees, sustainably greatly improving hydrological services – such as stream flow, control of sediment Agricultural landscapes provide a variety of deposited into the lake, and water quality benefits apart from food production, such as downstream – and boosting rural ecosystem and hydrological services. livelihoods. The CGIAR Research Program Balancing the different functions will be on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry15 and the important for managing natural resources World Wildlife Fund are now scaling up sustainably in the twenty-first century. In practices and tools developed during this CGIAR, WLE leads crosscutting research work – low-cost community nurseries for on agriculture and ecosystem services, raising seedlings, tools to assist extension, which involves nearly all CGIAR Centers, as and rural advisory services for farmers – as well as major international organizations part of the Lake Tanganyika Regional such as the Stockholm Environment Center, Integrated Management Programme. The Nature Conservancy, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche Translating the results of research into agronomique pour le développement development outcomes often depends on (CIRAD), and Ecoagriculture Partners. A influencing national governments to make working group on ecosystem functions in changes to policies. CGIAR research – farming systems has developed a which showed that banana–coffee systems framework to integrate ecosystems services are not only profitable, but also resilient to into agricultural land-use planning and climate shocks – has led several coffee- decision-making as a way of sustainably producing countries in East Africa and increasing overall productivity. Other areas Central America that previously encouraged to be tackled include in situ agrobiodiversity monocropping to change their as a way of increasing sustainability in recommendations. Based on the evidence, diversified and intensified systems, authorities are now advising farmers to managing ecosystem functions and intercrop coffee and banana. As well as agrobiodiversity, and methods to manage reducing soil erosion, farmers not only earn trade-offs between improving productivity more from intercropping but also spread and sustainably managing natural risks, as crop failures seldom affect both resources. coffee and banana simultaneously. In Africa, farmers are putting the results of In Peru, a new law takes into account work combining local and scientific research by WLE on payments for knowledge of native species into practice on ecosystem services (PES) in the Cañete 15 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 10 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS River basin. The research on innovative raise awareness nationally and globally on ways of sharing the benefits of protecting the challenges and opportunities associated watersheds is part of an exploration of how with REDD+. agriculture fits within wider ecosystems. Projects undertaken by CIAT in partnership Agriculture is a major source of greenhouse with the Peruvian Ministry of Environment in gases; the potential to mitigate climate the Cañete watershed investigated and change by reducing emissions from piloted benefit-sharing mechanisms. The agriculture is therefore huge. Much of this results of the pilot projects will help the potential is in developing countries. Ministry develop PES schemes for more Nationally appropriate mitigation actions than 30 other basins. In consultation with (NAMAs) are a new mechanism of the various research partners, including CIAT, United Nations Framework Convention on which is part of the advisory group on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for developing national ecosystem services legislation, countries to establish mitigation plans and Peru's Ministry of Environment has drafted actions. An analysis by FAO and CCAFS of new legislation to catalyze PES schemes. how agriculture was dealt with in 12 NAMAs The schemes could defuse potential conflict has been used by five other countries while over the uneven distribution of benefits from preparing their NAMAs. FAO and CCAFS ecosystem services. The Ministry is now also organized a workshop for experts in engaged in public consultations to build smallholder mitigation to help them support for the new law in the Peruvian understand how NAMAs can be a tool for Congress. national mitigation planning and climate- smart agriculture, and how to go about In Indonesia, CGIAR's Center for developing them. International Forestry Research (CIFOR) worked very closely with the President's A CGIAR study16 that modeled land-use REDD+ Task Force to develop a changes contributed to modifications in the government strategy on reducing emissions EU biofuel policy proposed by the European from deforestation and forest degradation Commission in 2012. The modified policy (REDD+). The strategy is part of a joint proposal reduces the share of biofuels to be Indonesia–Norway effort to slow the pace of derived from food crops and would remedy climate change by reducing the rate of some of the unintended environmental deforestation, thereby bringing sustainable consequences of regulations on biofuels. environmental, social, and economic benefits. As well as providing research On international climate change policy, findings to inform the strategy, CIFOR CCAFS, with funding from the Global Donor worked with the Indonesian Government to Platform for Rural Development, set up the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change. The report of the Commission, published in 2012, made seven major recommendations and has "We are leaving the old influenced several governments. In Mexico, for example, Congress supported a draft paradigm of having trees cut and climate change bill, which was subsequently getting revenues from this, and passed as the General Climate Change Law entering a new era: the trees will 2012 – only the third such law in the world. In Bangladesh, Commissioner Mohammed stand, and at the same time Asaduzzaman used the findings in the revenues are received and report to validate Bangladesh's submission people's welfare is improved." on agriculture to the UNFCCC's Subsidiary Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, Indonesia Body on Scientific and Technological Advice. In Kenya, the Commission's report Task Force for REDD+ was used as a reference when preparing Kenya's Agriculture Act 2012. 16 Laborde D and Valin H. 2012. Modeling land use changes in a global CGE: assessing the EU biofuels mandate with the Mirage-BioF model. Climate Change Economics. DOI: 10.1142/S2010007812500170 www.cgiar.org/AR2012 11 STRONG PROGRESS An analysis of climate change and food resources such as production inputs, systems17 by CCAFS showed that knowledge, and improved technologies; and agriculture and agricultural systems are control over outputs such as harvested rice, highly vulnerable to climate change. The processed rice, and other products. paper calculated emissions in all aspects of food production and distribution – direct emissions from crops and livestock, the indirect emissions of food production as a result of changes in land cover, emissions from manufacturing fertilizer, and from "Providing opportunities for storing, transporting, and refrigerating food. women in the agricultural sector A companion policy brief18 concluded that a is not only about gender 'recalibration' of the food system will be empowerment. It is also about required to ensure future food security and sustainable use of critical natural resources ensuring that the best minds, in a changing climate. In some contexts this whether male or female, are may mean switching from major staples given an equal chance to deploy such as bananas to potatoes. The their skills and energy as publications sparked debate in the media on the advantages and disadvantages of local scientists, farmers, extension as opposed to imported food, food waste, agents and others." and the use of fertilizer, and influenced the Mark Holderness, Executive climate change debate at the international level. The UN Committee on Food Security, Secretary, Global Forum on for example, drew on the analysis to Agricultural Research (GFAR) prepare its recommendations on climate change and food security. Gender The approach to gender taken by AAS similarly seeks to realize irreversible, deep, Gender inequalities affect access to and and enduring change for women. To create use of technology, land, water, forests, lasting change the AAS 'gender livestock, fisheries, education, income, transformative approach' investigates the investment, and labor. The Consortium underlying causes of gender inequalities. Gender Strategy, launched in 2010, covers Research addresses the unequal power both gender in research and gender in the dynamics that adversely affect household workplace. Each CGIAR Research Program livelihoods. The Program works with men is developing a strategy for integrating and women to reflect on and question gender into research. In 2012, there was existing norms, beliefs, practices, concrete progress across Programs in and structures. AAS also partners with incorporating gender issues into research organizations in the health and education and cooperating on crosscutting gender sectors to learn from their approaches, issues. By the end of the year, eight methods, tools, and experience. In Programs had approved a gender strategy, combination with strategies to develop the six were already implementing their productivity of agricultural systems, the strategies, and two were working on drafts. gender transformative approach will improve access to resources for production and GRiSP's gender strategy, for example, aims control over life choices that affect to empower women and accelerate the development. delivery of development objectives by integrating women into designing, The CGIAR Research Program on Forests, experimenting, and evaluating rice Trees and Agroforestry embeds attention to research-for-development. The strategy also gender and addresses imbalances in each seeks to improve women's access to research theme, taking a systematic 17 Vermeulen SJ, Campbell BM, and Ingram JSI. 2012. Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37: 195–222. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608 18 Thornton P. 2012. Recalibrating Food Production in the Developing World: Global Warming Will Change More Than Just the Climate. CCAFS Policy Brief no. 6. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) 12 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS approach to designing and implementing aspect of the reform – including among gender-responsive research. Gender CGIAR Research Programs, national and specialists guide and train Program regional programs, and global climate scientists, managers, and partners in order change and nutrition research groups. to improve the quality and quantity of gender research. Recent gender research A competitive grants scheme, for example, includes a study of non-timber forestry launched by MAIZE and WHEAT, and open products which identified opportunities for to non-CGIAR researchers, aims to fill increasing women's earnings, opportunities research gaps and thus achieve greater that the Program is investigating further. impact. In 2012, MAIZE and WHEAT awarded 55 Competitive Partner Grants. Of Many Programs have adopted the these, WHEAT approved grants for 19 recommendations of the CGIAR Gender projects in India, Uzbekistan, Turkey, China, and Agriculture Research Network, UK, and USA. The Competitive Partner launched during 2012, on areas where joint Grants extend MAIZE and WHEAT monitoring and evaluation, common partnerships, harness a wider range of methods, and sharing data would add value. innovative ideas, and complement ongoing PIM is already developing methods for MAIZE and WHEAT research. collecting and analyzing gender- disaggregated data that all Programs can In Egypt, Livestock and Fish, CARE, and use. CGIAR's WorldFish joined forces to create jobs and improve incomes in aquaculture. A study by A4NH assessed food safety in AAS set up two women's fish-marketing informal markets, where women's groups to empower members and secure involvement predominates. CCAFS has more equitable benefits. CARE Egypt and integrated gender into climate-risk private sector hatcheries play key roles in management in 22 climate-smart villages in disseminating and ensuring women have West Africa, East Africa, and South Asia, and access to the highly productive Abbassa has collected data on gender inequality in 16 strain of tilapia. Also during 2012, Livestock benchmark sites across 13 countries. and Fish helped bring together the Tanzania Dairy Board, Sokoine University of Agriculture, ILRI, Heifer Project COLLABORATION International, SNV (The Netherlands Development Organisation), Land O'Lakes, The emphasis on collaborative research Inc., and the Tanzania Ministry of Livestock brought about by CGIAR reform gained and Fisheries Development to set up a momentum throughout the year, multi-stakeholder Dairy Development notwithstanding delays in some Programs Forum. This alliance, linking all stakeholders because of the security situation in Syria in the dairy value chain for the first time, will and disruption in some Arab Spring address bottlenecks and develop countries. More effective partnerships were appropriate solutions for the dairy sector in forged to achieve greater impact – a key Tanzania. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 13 STRONG PROGRESS CCAFS partnered with the Common Market value chain approach, a promising means to for Eastern and Southern Africa, the East address market limitations faced by the Africa Community, and the Southern Africa poor. In 2012, researchers in Livestock and Development Community, to organize two Fish, PIM, and A4NH joined forces to workshops – in Arusha, Tanzania, and develop a practical toolkit for assessing Johannesburg, South Africa – to help value chains. The toolkit – covering the African representatives in climate change entire value chain from producers to negotiations articulate African perspectives consumers and bringing together scattered on agriculture. This collaboration meant approaches and tools – will help CGIAR and that, for the first time, African countries were partner researchers to rapidly analyze able to provide a joint submission on livestock and fish value chains. Scientists at agriculture to the UNFCCC, and make their CIAT, the International Center for views known to the Subsidiary Body for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas Scientific and Technical Advice and the (ICARDA), IFPRI, and WorldFish developed Conference of Parties. The African the tools and tested them with the help of submission to the UNFCCC process argued partners in Egypt, Ethiopia, Tanzania, for agriculture to be included in any Uganda, Vietnam, and Zambia. The toolkit international agreement on climate change, can be used across all Programs. and for African countries to be provided with access to research and technology. A common methodology is also important for providing evidence on progress toward In Vietnam, IRRI, CCAFS, and international, gender equity across empowerment national, and local partners work together schemes. Working with A4NH, all Programs on the project Climate change affecting land will use the Women's Empowerment in use in the Mekong Delta: adaptation of rice Agriculture Index, recently launched at the cropping systems (CLUES). CLUES is the United Nations, and in the UK and Indian first project to focus specifically on rice parliaments. The Index will provide evidence production and climate change in a regional that is unambiguous, quickly understood, context. By November 2012, Vietnam had and that decision makers can use. So far 19 released 15 new climate-change-ready rice countries have adopted the Index as part of varieties, and CLUES partners had the US Government Feed the Future successfully promoted management initiative. techniques to help farmers lessen the impacts of climate change on rice Sentinel landscapes, sites where scientists production. can track changes in forest cover over the long term and across national borders, also catalyze joint approaches and methods. The Common approaches and CGIAR Research Program on Forests, methodologies Trees and Agroforestry is developing a standard research framework to collect The CGIAR Research Programs that focus evidence across the network of sites on key on commodities are following the same indicators of change that affect 14 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS development. The sentinel landscapes initiative builds on and complements the Tackling aflatoxin in maize and work done by partners in target regions and groundnuts is an excellent vehicle for partners to African economies lose a staggering influence research that can bring about US$450 million a year due to aflatoxin development outcomes. Long-term socio- contamination, which affects staple ecological research at sentinel sites will crops such as maize and groundnuts. track changes in how forests, agroforestry, and tree genetic resources are managed Over the past 15 years, scientists at and used, and on the effects of these on CGIAR's International Institute of livelihoods. Tropical Agriculture (IITA) have developed aflasafe™, a natural, Scientists are also developing common low-cost biocontrol treatment that approaches to studying the extent to which drastically cuts aflatoxin contamination climate change could exacerbate the in food crops. Used alongside other damage caused by crop pests and improved management practices, diseases. The RTB and CCAFS Programs, aflasafe™ could reduce aflatoxin for example, are working together to identify contamination by more than 70% in which ones could become more serious or maize and groundnuts, increase crop more widespread, and to help governments, value by at least 5%, and improve the international organizations, and farmers to health of children and women. The protect crops. At a workshop in December World Bank estimates that in Senegal, 2012, the RTB–CCAFS group identified the reducing aflatoxin contamination would most damaging pests and diseases, add US$281 million a year to the value developed a framework for improving risk of groundnut exports. prediction, and planned for shared databanks. Three Programs coordinate efforts to close research gaps on aflatoxin risks and mitigation in maize and groundnuts. Addressing crosscutting The MAIZE and Grain Legumes issues Programs focus on technologies to reduce and test aflatoxins in maize and CGIAR Research Programs made groundnuts on-farm and in local value promising advances in jointly addressing chains. A4NH focuses on assessing and crosscutting issues and sharing lessening both market and health risks, responsibilities. Three Programs working on and on policy advice. Working together agricultural systems – AAS, Dryland on value chain interventions, the three Systems,19 and Integrated Systems for the Programs aim for a more robust overall Humid Tropics20 – meet regularly to discuss approach to managing aflatoxin in the common research approaches and tools for two crops. different agroecosystems. Sustainable intensification is a crosscutting Security Research Strategy and assembles issue in CGIAR. Africa RISING, a Program to the expertise of 10 CGIAR and other develop an integrated research-for- international centers, local and US development model for sustainable universities, national governments, national intensification that is scalable and adaptable, agricultural research institutes, non- aligns CGIAR work with Comprehensive governmental organizations (NGOs), and Africa Agricultural Development Programme the private sector. (CAADP) national and continent-wide priorities, and complements investments by During 2012, Africa RISING's start-up year, USAID country missions. Africa RISING is 15 'early win' projects in West Africa, East part of the Feed the Future Global Food and Southern Africa, and the Ethiopian 19 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems (Dryland Systems), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 20 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Integrated Systems for the Humid Tropics (Humidtropics), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports www.cgiar.org/AR2012 15 STRONG PROGRESS highlands fast-tracked promising approaches to intensification with Synergies with the Comprehensive smallholder farmers, such as labor saving Africa Agricultural Development and water harvesting technologies, Programme (CAADP) 'doubled-up legumes' intercropping (for In 2012, work continued on harmonizing example, pigeon pea with groundnut), and CGIAR Research Program priorities dual purpose crops. One project in Malawi, with those of national investment for example, led by CIMMYT, introduced strategies under the umbrella of CAADP. members of two smallholder maize producer Several regional workshops and a organizations to conservation agriculture conference in Dublin gathering all practices such as no-till, residue partners – including the World Bank, management, and crop rotation. Applying USAID, and Forum for Agricultural methods like these will boost household Research in Africa (FARA) – helped incomes and improve nutrition, soil fertility, align their work. A team at IFPRI and resilience to climate change. created a prototype mapping tool for organizing and providing access to national and regional spatial information on projects. The mapping tool will enable CAADP to coordinate investments by development partners, "Ensuring that CGIAR research as well as technologies developed and products reach large numbers of released by national agricultural research organizations, regional smallholder farmers is a key to organizations, and CGIAR Research transforming African farming Programs. systems and a high priority for Feed the Future research programs. For example, Africa The RTB Program launched a strategic assessment of research priorities to identify RISING's CGIAR-led research areas where combining research efforts will on maize–pigeon pea systems in benefit from synergies and have the Malawi contributes to another greatest potential impact on poverty, food USAID-supported nutrition security, human nutrition and health, gender equity, and environmental sustainability. The project involving thousands of survey on production constraints and farmers." research options for the main root, tuber, Rob Bertram, USAID and banana crops drew more than 1,500 responses from experts ranging from potato breeders in Bolivia and plantain pathologists in East Africa, to extension staff in India. Synergies In Central Africa, a pilot bioinformatics platform to manage and analyze sequencing Synergies between CGIAR Research data in plant breeding is a good example of Programs are already evident in countries the efficiencies made possible by Program and across regions, and in methods and synergies. Several Programs helped GRiSP approaches. Programs working in develop the tools on the website that will Bangladesh, for example, are now help scientists breed new varieties of rice collaborating more closely. In Africa, PIM more rapidly. Impact assessments have worked with several other Programs on shown that rice breeding research can aligning research with national priorities improve productivity and deliver significant under the umbrella of CAADP. Much of the benefits to rice farmers. IRRI's improved food safety work of A4NH supports rice varieties, for example, have increased Livestock and Fish value chain work and farmers' returns by US$127 a hectare in cross-program team work on assessing southern Vietnam, US$76 a hectare in value chains, developing tools, and building Indonesia, and US$52 a hectare in the national capacity. Philippines. If new and improved rice 16 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS Capturing synergies between global demand of 100,000 tons from Unilever supply chains and development and other companies. Sustainable Synergies between the private sector, domestication was the answer. ICRAF scientists, and NGOs are important in worked with farmers to domesticate linking smallholder farmers into global trees that grow quickly and produce supply chains. The seeds of the wild large quantities of oil-rich quality seeds. Allanblackia tree have been harvested for Farmers are being trained to plant centuries by communities in equatorial Allanblackia and are encouraged to join Africa. Allanblackia fruit contains oil with a smallholder schemes so as to become unique composition, structure, and part of the supply chain. Unilever helped melting properties. It is ideal for co-fund and co-found local companies margarine and dairy cream alternatives, and is helping them towards and can be used in developing new independently owning and running the products and improving the quality of supply chain. So far, around 11,000 existing ones. After discovering the farmers, half of whom are women, are potential of Allanblackia in 2000, Unilever involved and have increased their played a leading role in helping to set up earnings. The goal is to link 500,000 a public–private partnership to establish smallholder farmers into Unilever's supply chains for producing oil from wild supply network by helping farmers harvested seeds. Partners include the improve their agricultural practices and International Union for Conservation of to supply the global market at Nature, CGIAR's World Agroforestry competitive prices. Centre (ICRAF), and NGOs such as TechnoServe. "We wanted to make Allanblackia a crop which would benefit large By 2011, it had become clear that the numbers of African farmers and amount of Allanblackia fruit gathered from the wild – about 200 tons – was biodiversity at the same time." insufficient to meet an estimated Harrie Hendrikx, Unilever varieties can be delivered even more Programs means that the synergies of quickly and the benefits extended to Africa, combining efforts can widen the impact by this could have a significant global impact. delivering innovations, such as these cooperatives, to several locations GRiSP has also designed cooperatives for simultaneously. Pilot rice cooperatives rice growers, producers, processors, and backed by microfinance in Cameroon, marketers to commercialize quality rice Chad, and the Central African Republic products. The reach of the CGIAR Research currently involve around 179,000 farmers. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 17 STRONG PROGRESS Synergies along value chains that involve policy processes. In the Blue Nile Basin, ILRI the private sector are a key feature of the and International Water Management Drought-Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Institute (IWMI) researchers set up local project run by IITA and CIMMYT, as part of innovation platforms to manage rainwater. the MAIZE Program. In Mali, linking up with Participants worked together to identify private sector partner Faso Kaba Seeds has issues and design pilot projects that been important for promoting improved represented community and decision makers' varieties, training farmers to produce seed, concerns. Although the pilot interventions and setting up a distribution network for six were largely unsuccessful, the lessons popular crops, including drought-tolerant generated have been invaluable for those maize. involved. Researchers worked with members of the innovation platforms to review their efforts, to encourage a sense of ownership, and to ensure that interventions take into account community concerns and meet the needs of different social groups. "Drought-tolerant maize beats conventional maize as the horse In another project recognizing the beats the donkey." importance of local context, CCAFS, ILRI, IDS, the International Institute for Lassana Diakite, Chair of a local Environment and Development, the farming cooperative in Mali International Development Research Centre (IDRC), and other partners studied social learning and other participatory approaches to find ways to systematically embed In 2008, Faso Kaba Seeds contracted research on climate change adaptation and farmers to produce 100 tons of seed of mitigation in community knowledge drought-tolerant maize. By 2012, the systems. The work showed the power but company was producing 10-times more also the challenges in social engagement at seed, employing 11 people, running its own the local level. The findings point to a range seed cleaning and packing unit, and of needs and opportunities that CCAFS coordinating around 150 franchised stores. could engage with at – and across – local, Without the collaboration between Faso subnational, national, and international Kaba Seeds and researchers, few farmers scales. They also raise questions regarding in Mali would be able to get hold of seed. the internal functioning and strategy of the The DTMA project is now developing CCAFS network and how this might best drought-tolerant maize varieties and value support improved communications and chains for 13 countries in Africa. social learning on climate change. CGIAR Research Programs are also Innovation networks and uniquely placed to tap expertise on knowledge systems innovation networks and knowledge systems at other levels. In determining how As CGIAR takes on more responsibility for best to use innovation platforms to achieving development outcomes, CGIAR strengthen collaborative research in Research Programs increasingly engage with smallholder maize production, for example, multi-stakeholder networks and platforms to the MAIZE Program linked up with the scale up innovations and anchor CGIAR Netherlands Royal Tropical Institute (KIT). research in local realities. In the WLE Nile The Institute, which has a good Basin Development Challenge in Ethiopia, for understanding of innovation platforms in example, researchers benefit from wide many development contexts, reviewed 11 interaction with a range of public and private projects that work through such platforms organizations, and local and national decision and helped MAIZE select pilot projects to makers through dedicated innovation promote learning among stakeholders along platforms. Such cooperation leads to positive the value chain, from farmers and extension outcomes in terms of relevance to local agents to representatives of seed contexts, uptake of innovations, community companies and government departments. empowerment, and engagement in national Through the pilot innovation platforms, 18 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS developing world knowledge, on the Biodiversity, food, and nutrition nutritional value of local agricultural In 2012, scientists at Bioversity biodiversity, for example, is undocumented. International, with partners from Save Programs provide technical backup and the Children UK and the National contacts through their extensive networks to Museum of Kenya, studied how five wild, strengthen South–South alliances. The neglected, and underutilized fruits and A4NH Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition vegetables can lower food costs and Project, for example, draws on CGIAR's improve nutrition. The research showed Bioversity International and other that by making the five wild foods part international partners – the United Nations of a woman's diet, her food costs fall Environment Programme, FAO, World Food by around 40%. Programme, The World Vegetable Center, Crops for the Future, the Earth Institute at The World Food Programme, FAO, UN Columbia University, the World Bank, Global Environment Fund, and Brazil’s agricultural research entity Bioversity International are working to Embrapa, the Forum for Agricultural integrate biodiversity into school feeding Research in Africa (FARA) and ICRAF– to projects in communities facing severe support and foster the Africa–Brazil poverty and hunger. Research Agricultural Innovation Marketplace. underway in Brazil, Turkey, Sri Lanka, and Kenya will offer long-term solutions to improve diets and dietary behaviors. School gardens and junior farmer field schools will show how young people can grow local, seasonal, nutritious "The Marketplace is an effort to foods and will raise awareness about move from retail South–South the importance of these foods as part collaboration, where each time of a diverse and sustainable diet. we are facilitating one arrangement at a time, to a MAIZE and KIT will jointly coach and wholesale approach, where we support researchers and local partners to put in place a model that will help them understand farmers' needs and allow many different realities from a 'systems' perspective. The collaborations to be effective." lessons learned will give all Programs a better understanding of innovation platforms Willem Janssen, Lead Agriculture as a means to scale up impact. Specialist, World Bank In addition to tapping into expertise, Programs also help partners in South–South alliances share their expertise. Much unique www.cgiar.org/AR2012 19 STRONG PROGRESS together just-in-time responses to The lifeblood of crop improvement unexpected problems that span national research borders, such as outbreaks of crop The CGIAR Research Program on diseases. In 2011, a new disease – maize Managing and Sustaining Crop lethal necrosis – emerged in East Africa. Collections21 (Genebanks) collects, Partners in the MAIZE Program were able to conserves, and characterizes the respond rapidly to requests from African diversity of the world's major food crops. countries to help contain the disease. In Over the last 10 years, CGIAR 2012, working with the Kenya Agricultural genebanks have distributed more than Research Institute and regulatory authorities, one million samples to plant breeders the Program drew on international networks and crop researchers – helping them to identify and speed up distribution of develop new, resilient crop varieties disease-resistant germplasm to replace which have saved millions of lives. susceptible varieties. Maize from the CIMMYT genebank was an important factor In 2012, CGIAR genebanks provided in the speed of the regional response. 131,181 samples to users in 105 countries. Often, CGIAR genebanks are the sole source of clean, healthy, LOOKING OUTWARD documented material for national AND THINKING agricultural programs, universities, and farmers' groups in the developing world. INCLUSIVELY Maintaining high standards is vital. CGIAR Research Programs – though some During the year, the CIMMYT Maize and had been underway for just a few months Wheat Germplasm Bank became the by the end of 2012 – have already clearly second CGIAR genebank to attain demonstrated how collaboration stimulates International Organization for more outward-looking and inclusive thinking. Standardization (ISO) certification. The In communicating and sharing knowledge, CGIAR's International Potato Center scientists have started to 'work out loud', (CIP) genebank gained ISO accreditation connecting with colleagues and partners in in 2008. Work also progressed on more open research processes, and making developing a common web portal that known more of what they do. The Livestock will give breeders and researchers and Fish Program, for example, plans and easier access to information on CGIAR documents meetings on an open wiki and genebank accessions. website, shares 'reports' and 'outputs' early in the research cycle, publishes and CGIAR also partners with the Global disseminates all documents as open Crop Diversity Trust to manage the access, and encourages scientists to blog CGIAR genebanks and to raise funds for about their research. Most other Programs a US$500 million endowment to ensure have a similar approach. financing for the genebanks in the future. Looking outward is not confined to researchers, or to the internet. CGIAR By helping leverage expertise from the Research Programs and Centers also make agricultural research-for-development use of the power of information and community to strengthen platforms such as communication technologies and the Agricultural Innovation Marketplace, partnerships to put knowledge into the Programs will help widen the scope of hands of many more who could benefit from South–South collaboration and multiply the it. Such outreach often involves re- value of their work many times over. purposing and re-packaging research findings for those beyond the reach of Responsiveness traditional research articles and books. The wide reach of CGIAR means that For instance, information for livestock CGIAR Research Programs can quickly put farmers provided by Livestock and Fish 21 Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research Program on Managing and Sustaining Crop Collections (Genebanks), available at www.cgiar.org/CRP2012Reports 20 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 STRONG PROGRESS reaches hundreds of thousands of Indian scientists evaluated 150 promising smallholders through a pilot mKisan mobile technologies, and integrated biophysical phone project. In Kenya, CCAFS and crop and climate models with the geospatial ICRAF work with the 'Shamba Shape Up' work of HarvestChoice, a program that TV series to reach out to large audiences in generates knowledge products to help guide an entertaining way. In Bangladesh and strategic investments to improve the India, IRRI, CIMMYT, and partners in the wellbeing of poor people in sub-Saharan Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia Africa through more productive and project team up with Digital Green to profitable farming. The Global Futures disseminate information on a wide variety of project helps leaders understand priorities agricultural technologies – new varieties and for development and apply appropriate types of crops, better methods of planting technologies, for example in designing the seed, irrigating, managing soils and pests, Science Agenda for Africa under the and composting. ILRI and CIMMYT work leadership of FARA. with Farm Radio International on community radio programs for Ethiopian farmers. Collaborative work among Programs is, in many cases, already promising to have an In the science policy arena, the Global impact greater than the sum of its parts. Futures project – aiming to improve There are several reasons for this. Many agricultural productivity and environmental partners, both within and outside CGIAR, sustainability in developing countries by are involved in planning work, bringing their evaluating promising technologies, diverse perspectives and helping set investments, and policy reforms – integrates relevant priorities. Research can be carried efforts across six Centers and is building a out in more regions and in more countries, Consortium-wide research program. The and along value chains. Tools and methods project uses a set of biophysical and contributed by upstream research partners socioeconomic models, including the can speed up research by downstream International Model for Policy Analysis of partners. The right partners in the right Agricultural Commodities and Trade places working together can produce (IMPACT), hydrology and water relevant results more rapidly. And the basic supply–demand models, and crop models to principles underlying collaboration – open assess the potential returns to a range of sharing of knowledge, teamwork, and possible investments in new technologies innovation – together power a relentless and policy and programs. In 2012, project drive for results. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 21 22 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT Focus: Partnership for impact At the heart of reform within CGIAR development outcomes. Active collaboration is a change in the way that we work with the private sector has extended the with our network of partners to reach and impact of CGIAR research on both crop and livestock production. The capture and respond to needs, and CGIAR Research Programs are a concerted deliver results. effort to build and broaden partnerships for greater development impact. In establishing the CGIAR Research Programs we are changing the way we work in order to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century. These changes acknowledge that the impact of our work will depend not only on the quality of our "The problems we are trying science and its relevance to people's needs, to address are complex but on how we collaborate with partners. In this section of the Annual Report, we change processes and no one spotlight partnerships within our four areas organization can tackle of focus – reducing poverty, increasing food them alone." security, improving health and nutrition, and Andrea Rodericks, Executive Director, managing natural resources sustainably. More detail on these and other partnerships Program Quality and Learning, CARE across CGIAR can be found on our website India at www.cgiar.org/AR2012. Working in partnerships is not always straightforward. It often brings together partners with different interests, different ways of doing things, different time frames, Making research partnerships on and different views and values. Competition roots, tubers, and bananas stronger over agendas, resources, and who does The RTB Program asked the what are ever present, albeit sometimes in a Institutional Learning and Change subtle or disguised manner. As collaboration Initiative (ILAC), a CGIAR program is crucial for sustainable development, it is hosted at Bioversity International, to important to improve our understanding of analyze its partnerships and suggest how partnerships work, what their limitations ways to improve them. ILAC reviewed are, and how they can be made to be more RTB's network, gathering information effective, efficient, and equitable. from scientists on issues ranging from the kind of research they do to the Over the years, CGIAR Research Centers number and nature of their partnerships. have built up an extensive array of The responses are being used to map partnerships with diverse players. These are and analyze how 578 researchers in not just hands-off, long-distance 315 organizations interact, to arrangements. Many projects, often in understand how the network evolved, to remote locations, involve side-by-side explore new models for sharing teamwork in the field to make new knowledge, developing capacity, and technologies and practices available to learning collectively, and to recommend farmers. National and civil society how Programs can strengthen their institutions have proved indispensable in partnerships. translating the results of research into www.cgiar.org/AR2012 23 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT Reducing poverty Alimentos, which is developing new chili WARMING CHILI products using native chili peppers. So far, MARKETS chilies have been bottled, canned, dried, made into jam, and used as an ingredient in Agricultural growth has often been specialty cheeses. held back by inappropriate laws, ineffective organizations, and undeveloped value chains. Partners in the CGIAR Research Program on "The project has provided the Policies, Institutions and Markets opportunity to develop new (PIM) are working to establish how these barriers can be overcome to processed chili products for the reduce poverty, improve food market and has opened our eyes security, and increase the incomes to the diversity of chili we have of smallholder producers. in the country. So far we have developed 15 products from 15 Peru has the highest cultivated chili pepper (Capsicum) diversity in the world, and ecotypes, but there is plenty of Bolivia is the origin of several cultivated and diversity left for us to develop wild chili peppers. Yet much of this diversity more products." is untapped, although consumers are Edwin Serrano, Instituto de becoming more and more interested in exotic and spicy tastes, as well as in healthy Tecnología de Alimentos, Bolivia and nutritious foods. Food companies and gourmet chefs are looking for new flavors, while pharmaceutical companies are searching for chili varieties high in capsaicin – used in making pain relievers – and other Tackling the value chain products based on the valuable biochemical traits of chili, such as antioxidants. New Partnerships are at the heart of the project. value-added chili products made from Researchers, farmers, farmer associations, hitherto little-used native chilies are NGOs, foundations, private companies, appearing in response to this interest; some universities, development agencies, national are already being sold in supermarkets in and international research institutions, Peru. What does this mean for a smallholder farmer in the Ucayali region of Peru such as Esaú Hidalgo del Águila? He has always "The Capsicum project is a had chili peppers on his table, but now his pioneer effort in trying to link the chilies are being exported around the world. Hidalgo, who grows organic produce and different actors of the value who is a member of APE-Pimental – a chain of a native Andean species farmers' ecological organization – has been with great genetic variability and able to capitalize on the growing interest in chilies because he is involved in a project great potential for the led by PIM. The project links smallholder development of agribusinesses." producers of native chilies to markets, Manuel Sigueñas, Director, Genetic providing them with opportunities to earn Resources and Biotechnology, more from the chilies they grow. Over the border in Bolivia, farmers are working with Instituto Nacional de Innovación the Fundación Instituto de Tecnología de Agraria, Peru 24 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT regional government officials, restaurants, Overcoming barriers and food processors are just some of the players working together to develop the chili The chili research project is an example of market. Most of the chilies native to Peru why partners are so important. Partnering to and Bolivia are grown on small farms and tackle failures in markets will raise incomes, have never been put to commercial use. make farming livelihoods more resilient, and Partners are working to characterize the prepare farmers to face future challenges, useful and commercially interesting traits of such as climate change. chilies in these countries, map the Capsicum value chain, identify bottlenecks, and develop strategies to overcome challenges in developing and taking products to market. Filling the knowledge gap "I am very excited because I Smallholder farmers, producers, and exporters along the value chain can see have access to a market that I positive changes. Take Stefan Bederski, did not have years ago. The Chief Executive Officer of Agro Export Peruvian market has reacted in Topará, a company that produces, a very positive manner to the processes, and exports organic certified chili products to the USA and EU. Twenty years native chilies, a very ago, Stefan was stumped when clients encouraging change." asked about the attributes of the chili Stefan Bederski, Chief Executive varieties he offered. Research is now Officer, Agro Export Topará providing him with the answers and helping Stefan fulfill his dream of promoting native Peruvian chilies in international markets. Originally, Agro Export Topará worked with commercial chili varieties, but after partnering in the research project, it has started using various native chilies. "This case can be replicated and Commercializing native species has promise expanded around the world to but needs to be done sustainably. This help farmers who are struggling means conserving precious biodiversity. To do this, Peru has set up a genebank of 700 with declining commodity prices, accessions – the most diverse national and are looking for opportunities collection of native chili pepper varieties in to increase their incomes through the world – at the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, where accessions with high-value, high-quality markets." commercially valuable traits are available. In Stefano Padulosi, Bioversity Bolivia, a NGO, Centro de Investigaciones International Fitoecogenéticas Pairumani, maintains a unique collection of 600 chili landraces and wild species. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 25 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT Increasing food security RICE ADVICE The CGIAR Research Program on "The Nutrient Manager is so fast Rice, known as the Global Rice and easy to understand." Science Partnership (GRiSP), is a Mamerto Jimenez, Filipino farmer unique collaboration for impact- oriented rice research-for- development. GRiSP streamlines CGIAR rice research and aligns it to complement research by more than NMRiceMobile and NMRiceApp help 900 partners worldwide. farmers optimize their rice production. Farmers who have a simple mobile phone Rice is and will remain the most important (widely used in both countries) can use crop in Asia, and is becoming significant in NMRiceMobile by making a toll-free call. Latin America and Africa too. In all locations, They then use the keypad to answer 15–20 fertilizers have a huge impact in boosting simple questions about the location of their rice yields. But fertilizer is an expense that field, the variety of rice, when it was sown, subsistence farmers cannot usually afford. the availability of irrigation water, how they When they can invest in fertilizers, most manage crop residues, and the yield history farmers do not have enough accurate of the field. Based on the replies, the information to know what type and program provides fertilizer combination to use, or how much or when recommendations – when, how much, and to apply it to optimize productivity. One of what sort of fertilizer to apply to maximize the objectives of GRiSP is to bring down yield and profit, and cut down on waste – as costs and increase profits for smallholder a text message. rice farmers – and one way to do this is by helping farmers make effective use of NMRiceApp, the smartphone equivalent, fertilizer. For production systems such as tends to be used more by extension workers irrigated rice, where using fertilizer correctly with access to such phones – but it asks the can make a big difference in productivity same questions and gives the same result. and profitability, information and communications technology can provide NMRiceMobile and NMRiceApp put into farmers with timely site-specific advice on practice the principles of site-specific managing their crop. nutrient management for rice that have been well established after more than a For free decade of research in Asia's major rice- One such innovation is 'Nutrient Manager', a simple software package that gives farmers or extension workers pre-season and location-specific fertilizer recommendations that can be run on a mobile phone. Since its "It marks the realization of one debut in the Philippines in 2011 and subsequent release in Indonesia in 2012, concrete step towards giving the Nutrient Manager for Rice Mobile has farmers better access to proven, been providing rice farmers with specific easy-to-use and cost-effective advice on fertilizer for a particular rice field rice technologies." either by mobile phone or smartphone, or by internet. In 2012, a smartphone app, Proceso Alcala, Philippine NMRiceApp, was also released in the Agriculture Secretary Philippines. 26 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT growing areas. The knowledge that small-scale evaluations, Senegalese underpins them is also available in an online farmers who followed the recommendations decision-making tool named Nutrient of Nutrient Manager registered a yield Manager for Rice, which is tailored to the increase of 1.9 tons per hectare or 35% rice-growing conditions of the specific compared to farmers' own practices, country. translating into an increase in net profitability of US$600 per hectare per year. In Indonesia, farmers in all provinces increased their rice yields and net income However, the Nutrient Manager is not an when switching from their current fertilizer end product, and requires further practice to the practice recommended by improvement including adding other crop NMRiceMobile. In most cases, the increase management practices apart from nutrient in net income for farmers exceeded US$100 management and choice of fertilizer types. per hectare per season. Indonesia has Looking ahead, AfricaRice and its national about 15 million rice farmers. If just a small partners will develop new decision support proportion of these farmers adopt the systems beyond the Nutrient Manager to recommendations it would correspond with address other concerns of farmers, in a significant overall rise in farmer incomes, collaboration with partners in GRiSP. food security, and considerable national economic benefits. Heading to Africa Farmers in Africa will soon have access to "The application is highly similar advice. CGIAR's Africa Rice Center adaptable. We already have the (AfricaRice) and its partners have web-based version in advanced conducted more than 300 fertilizer testing. We can adapt that for a management trials since the 1990s, and have developed decision support systems tablet or a smartphone, and we for fertilizer recommendations. Databases can move toward a cellphone- drawing on this work and updated rice based short message service 'passport' data – the standard descriptors that characterize rice cultivars – as well as (SMS), like the one that already recent field observations, have been used to works well in the Philippines." adapt the Nutrient Manager to West Africa. Dr Stephan Haefele, IRRI The Nutrient Manager has been calibrated for Senegal, and the application is currently being developed for other countries. In www.cgiar.org/AR2012 27 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT Improving nutrition and health GROWING HEALTHY Teaming up Helen Keller – founder of one of The partnership between IFPRI and HKI is a model of successful cooperation between CGIAR's partner organizations, researchers and an international NGO Helen Keller International (HKI) – heavily involved in development programs would have approved of leveraging on the ground. The collaboration between and enhancing the synergies IFPRI and HKI, set to strengthen as A4NH between agriculture, nutrition, and gets fully under way, represents the kind of health to improve the wellbeing of relationship that is critical to improving the poor people, especially women and nutrition and health of poor people and, young children. The idea jells with more broadly, to reducing poverty, increasing food security, and managing her philosophy that joint efforts can natural resources more sustainably. achieve much more than individual efforts. The CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), which is led by CGIAR's International Food "For programs like this to thrive, Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), works with key players in three areas that will make a different sectors must come difference to the nutrition and health of poor together and share resources people, particularly women and children: and knowledge. The time for making more nutritious and safer foods accessible to the underprivileged; integrating silos is past. Those working in agriculture, nutrition, and health in nutrition, food security, development programs; and promoting, agriculture, water, and health enabling, and supporting cross-sectoral must join together to conquer the policies and investment in health and nutrition. The research issues in the three cause of one-third of child areas are complex and span value chains, deaths worldwide – crops, diseases associated with agriculture, undernutrition." and development policies and programs. Kathy Spahn, President and Chief This means partnering across sectors and with a variety of players with different Executive Officer, Helen Keller expertise. International IFPRI, bringing its research expertise to the partnership, evaluated HKI homestead food production programs in Cambodia and "Alone we can do so little; Burkina Faso. Looking at the findings together we can do so much." together, IFPRI and HKI were able to work Helen Keller (1880–1968), Founder out what programs might need to do – what Helen Keller International kind of training or capacity building might be needed, and what processes might need to be put in place – for programs to achieve their objective of improving the health and 28 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT nutrition of mothers and children. The networks, part of the evaluation, will also be resulting 'program impact pathways', as they helpful. They will provide information on how are called, show where and how programs HKI's behavior change communications could be modified or strengthened for a strategy has influenced women's health, greater impact, and what might be helping improved their knowledge, and made a or hindering their success. They also help difference to children's nutrition. IFPRI to design better ways to evaluate Documenting the success of these programs. In 2012, A4NH and CARE programs is critical to establish a body of evaluated processes and undertook endline scientific proof that small-scale agricultural surveys to measure program impact in programs improve nutrition, economic Burkina Faso. The evaluations over the next growth, and health. HKI is working with 2–5 years will provide the evidence needed IFPRI in a number of countries to help build to jointly develop the impact pathways and this evidence base. theory of change. The findings of evaluations will be used to Finding the keys help plan further HKI homestead food production programs in Cambodia, Burkina Partnerships between researchers and Faso, and elsewhere. This type of those running development programs to partnership is an example of how provide evidence of what works and what development programs and researchers can does not are important because little has work together to improve program design been done to date in this regard. In Burkina and implementation, and to optimize the Faso, IFPRI and HKI did the first rigorous potential for impact. Each contributes, evaluation of a homestead food production according to their own area of expertise, to program. HKI put some of the collecting rigorous evidence about the recommendations into practice straight impact of programs, and explaining how and away. The findings of a census of social why impacts were achieved or not achieved. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 29 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT Sustainably managing natural resources ZAMBEZI FOOD A traditional–modern mix BASKET WorldFish, which leads the AAS Program, is fostering productive partnerships with The Zambezi River basin is a food research, government, and community basket for the landlocked southern sectors. WorldFish is garnering technical African nation of Zambia. The river know-how from international and national and surrounding floodplains support research institutions like CGIAR's IWMI and agriculture, fisheries, and livestock. the University of Zambia, which bring expertise on farm water management that Around three million people – a improves productivity and increases quarter of Zambia's population – understanding of flooding regimes in the directly rely on the Barotse region. National and international Floodplain aquatic agricultural development NGOs that focus on system for their livelihoods. development issues are valuable to the Program. Concern Worldwide, for example, Despite the natural potential of this dynamic contributes knowledge and experience of wetland system, life for its inhabitants is community-based canal management and beset with poverty and hardship. More than gender mainstreaming. Similarly, Catholic four out of five people live below the poverty Relief Services brings development line, over half of children under the age of 5 expertise on community-based years are stunted, and HIV prevalence has microfinancing, which helps small-scale risen by 2% over the past 5 years while the producers predict the profitability of their national rate has declined in the same business before they start production and period. marketing. Valuable policy support in the elaboration and development of agricultural The Barotse Floodplain exemplifies the and natural resource value chains is challenges and opportunities faced by communities dependent on Africa's inland wetlands. Low agricultural productivity, poor infrastructure, and poorly developed agricultural value chains mean that Barotse communities are unable to tap into the "WorldFish has…managed to growing market for rice, fish, and livestock bring us on board from stage to products in the region. stage… Our partnership is The CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic overwhelming, because we have Agricultural Systems (AAS) aims to tackle come to realize that we agree in these issues head-on through research that accelerates learning and brings together almost all our key areas of the combined knowledge of users, operation, these being the government, and civil society organizations. livelihood of people in the Since 2011, the AAS Program has been Barotse, and our common goal working in five countries across Africa, Asia, and the Pacific to raise agricultural and fish of realizing the potential of the production, and expand the markets for Barotse Floodplain." produce in the regions. Zambia's Barotse Fines Nasilele, Program Coordinator, Floodplain was selected early in the People's Participation Service planning stage of the Program as one of three areas to focus on, along with Cambodia and the Solomon Islands. 30 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 PARTNERSHIP FOR IMPACT provided by local and central government Respect and understanding agencies. These partnerships are helping to blend traditional knowledge with modern Working directly with local communities agricultural innovations to sustainably ensures that the Program fully considers improve productivity for the people of the community concerns and culture when Barotse Floodplain. designing and implementing activities. This participatory approach helps communities Local communities and organizations are become custodians and beneficiaries of the partners in the Program and have natural resources on which they rely. As part contributed valuable input from the outset. of this ongoing process, the Program has In the early stages, Barotse community empowered community members to tell their groups came together to map out their goals stories through a series of short films. and plans for the region. This resulted in an These films provide a unique insight into the Action Plan, which included goals such as varied and interconnected issues that face value chain development, crop diversity, and the people of the Barotse Floodplain; their canal management. Three partner testimonies reinforce the need for a organizations in the Barotse Floodplain systems-based approach to development in have been instrumental in this process, the region. bringing an essential local perspective to the Program: the People's Participation Service, Caritas Mongu – a partner to Catholic Relief Services – and the Barotse Royal Establishment. "We already have the indigenous way of preserving our natural resources, hence we believe that the partnership with WorldFish "We are working as a team and and the [CGIAR Research we have prioritized team work Program on] Aquatic Agricultural from the onset of the Systems will help us to revive partnership. Our partnership has and improve the lost value of our a bright future." traditional know-how of natural Albert Mulanda, Program resource preservation." Coordinator, Caritas Mongu Mr. Mwangelwa Akapelwa Silumbu, a senior leader in the Barotse Royal Establishment www.cgiar.org/AR2012 31 MOVING CGIAR FORWARD Moving CGIAR forward Committed donors, good governs the CGIAR Fund. The Fund Council, management, clear accountability, made up of representatives of Fund donors effective evaluation, transparency, and other stakeholders, sets overall priorities on the use of Fund resources, and appoints and strong research programs are the Independent Science and Partnership the building blocks of continued Council (ISPC), a panel of world-class success. CGIAR is moving forward scientific experts that advises CGIAR Fund on all these fronts to enable donors. In March 2012, the Fund Council scientists to deliver research that held its spring meeting at the Bill & Melinda has an impact. Gates Foundation in Seattle, as well as a forum with Bill Gates, who called for the use Progress continued throughout CGIAR in of report cards that would enable players in 2012, and we are grateful to all of our the international agricultural system to set funders, who ultimately make our work goals and be measured against them – a possible. In addition to ongoing efforts to proposal in direct alignment with CGIAR's ensure that research meets the needs and new policy of producing scorecards to gets into the hands of smallholder farmers, measure performance and efficiency. Noting CGIAR persisted in implementing reforms. CGIAR's unique role in generating world- In many ways 2012 may be seen as a year class science for the benefit of poor of consolidation, marked by healthy financial smallholder farmers, Gates added that "if the growth, shaping research for the benefit of CGIAR system didn't already exist, we'd some of the world's poorest people, and need to invent it." attention to improving efficiency and effectiveness across CGIAR. 2012 was the third and final year of the inaugural CGIAR Fund Council, which "The Netherlands is proud to be a long-standing partner of the CGIAR, given that sustained "Spending on agriculture is a investment in high-level research wise investment; long after you is an important first step in contribute, the benefit continues," generating innovations that said Bill Gates, pictured here with improve the livelihoods of poor Rachel Kyte, during his dialogue smallholder farmers, fishers, and with the CGIAR Fund Council on foresters. With current reforms March 8, 2012 and diverse partnerships, the CGIAR, a proven contributor to Immediately following the Fund Council's fall public knowledge on agricultural meeting in Punta del Este, Uruguay, the science and technology, is Fund Office held the second biennial strongly positioned to continue Funders Forum on November 2. Donors to be relevant." had the opportunity to share their Fund experiences and planned future Rob Swartbol, Director General for contributions; they also discussed common International Cooperation, Ministry goals, issues, and concerns; and received for Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands updates on the Fund and the impact of CGIAR research. The Funders Forum 32 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 MOVING CGIAR FORWARD endorsed the CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework (SRF) Action Plan, which had SHAPING THE been developed by the CGIAR Consortium RESEARCH AGENDA with support from the ISPC. The Action Plan sets out the new performance management For CGIAR to do research as effectively as system that will link priorities and targets possible, our research priorities need to across CGIAR Research Programs and align with those of global, regional, and provide a clear statement of the overall national partners and stakeholders. This impact of CGIAR work. means involving them in shaping the research agenda. The second Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD2), held in Punta del Este, Uruguay, October 29–November 1, was an opportunity to advance alignment. "Australia, as a long-standing The event brought together more than 1,000 investor and partner in CGIAR, representatives from across the agricultural places great importance on sector – farmers, NGOs, researchers, donors, policymakers, and development research that is specifically experts – to explore ways to partner better designed to tackle major global and more effectively, and deliver impact. development challenges for the benefit of some of the world's poorest people. As host of the G20 summit in 2014, Australia "The level of discussions and hopes to highlight the critical role results achieved over the entire of agricultural research-for- event were remarkable. I am development and to shape the also particularly glad to notice international agenda accordingly that GCARD's [Global on issues related to food security Conference on Agricultural and economic growth." Research for Development's] Nick Austin, Chief Executive Officer, conclusive remarks focused on Australian Centre for International farmers, women, youth, and Agricultural Research extension as main partners to work with for the future challenges and activities of GCARD." Robert Carlson, President, World Farmers' Organisation www.cgiar.org/AR2012 33 MOVING CGIAR FORWARD Delegates convened around the global themes that CGIAR Research Programs IMPROVING address, which helped program leaders EFFICIENCY AND shape their programs to meet the needs and expectations of partners and EFFECTIVENESS stakeholders. The discussions led to new CGIAR is one of the largest research-for- commitments by CGIAR – on partnerships, development organizations in the world and capacity development, gender strategies, the only global agricultural research body and long-term planning. that is dedicated to generating world-class science for the specific benefit and needs of CGIAR is committed to reducing the gender poor smallholders. There is tremendous gap in agriculture and ensuring that potential for scientists and practitioners research benefits and empowers rural around the globe to leverage CGIAR women and meets the needs of poor female research. In 2012, CGIAR adopted farmers. As part of recent reforms, we have Principles on the Management of Intellectual redoubled efforts in this respect, knowing Assets (IA), a landmark achievement. This that we will not achieve lasting impact first ever system-wide policy on IA will unless we take gender disparities into harness the strengths of all partners, account in all aspects of our work. 2012 including those in the private sector, to saw important steps forward in ensuring that disseminate research outcomes with greater research outputs and evidence have speed and scale on behalf of the poor. The positive impacts on gender outcomes. The IA Principles – which promote collaboration, Women's Empowerment in Agriculture open innovation, knowledge dissemination, Index, launched in 2012, measures the and benefit sharing – were approved for a empowerment, agency, and inclusion of trial period of 2 years, so that the CGIAR women in the agriculture sector in can assess and learn from the experience. developing countries, helping to identify The next steps, already underway, are to ways to overcome those obstacles and develop an annual CGIAR Intellectual Asset constraints. The Index is a significant Report, and a detailed Open Access Policy innovation in its field and aims to increase and corresponding guidelines. understanding of the connections between women's empowerment, food security, and The CGIAR Consortium energized agricultural growth. The Index is a leadership with the hiring of a new Chief partnership between the US Government's Executive Officer in May, and several other Feed the Future initiative, USAID, IFPRI, key staff appointments. Other important and OPHI of Oxford University. developments were the approval of the CGIAR Policy for Independent External Evaluation and the appointment of a new head of the Independent Evaluation Arrangement (IEA). Evaluations, including of "An empowered person is the CGIAR Research Programs, will assess someone who has the power to the comparative advantage of CGIAR in decide – to say, if they have efficiently contributing to the achievement of development results, and the value-for- land, 'well, I can go farm, I can money proposition that CGIAR represents. grow crops, I can plant seeds' – The ISPC Standing Panel on Impact or if they have animals, to say, 'I Assessment will also assess the impact of CGIAR work in priority research areas. can sell them without going to Evaluations will help CGIAR demonstrate ask permission.' This is a person benefits from its research, improve cost- who has the power to decide effectiveness, and promote a results-based about their things, their life, their culture. actions." Complementing these developments, the 39-year-old Guatemalan woman Fund Office worked with other parts of the system to develop scorecards to measure 34 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 MOVING CGIAR FORWARD the performance of system entities. The satisfaction rate of 75% expressed by current scorecards incorporate goals, performance and former partners. CGIAR performed well indicators, and targets in a number of areas: in core areas of expertise – research outputs plans and results, client services, financial and research outcomes – especially in food measures, internal business processes, staff security and sustainability. But the survey learning and growth, and risks. The showed that these factors have a relatively scorecards will be used in reporting to the weak impact on perceptions of satisfactory Fund Council in 2013. The objective is to partnerships. The survey identified two major develop a robust scorecard for showing areas where CGIAR needs to improve its impact – on poverty, food security, nutrition stakeholder engagement: transparency and and health, and natural resources – across collaboration. The full results of the report are CGIAR. available on the CGIAR website (www.cgiar.org), and a Partnership Action The ability of CGIAR to contribute to Plan is planned for 2013. improving farmers' lives and livelihoods, and to ensure food security, ultimately depends In response to significant gaps and on the strength of its partnerships. To ensure challenges in governance that came to light that we are being good partners ourselves, in in 2012, the CGIAR Consortium and Fund 2012 we conducted an extensive stakeholder Council jointly commissioned a review of perception survey. The survey was sent to corporate governance, to be undertaken in approximately 4,000 past, current, and 2013, seizing the opportunity to strengthen potential partners; 1,071 responses were management and leadership across the received from more than 115 countries. entire system. Improving governance is an Respondents rated CGIAR in a number of issue of great strategic importance for categories on a seven-point scale ranging CGIAR and is critical to reaping the from 'very poor' to 'excellent'. The good news promises of reform, a more effective and is that the results showed that stakeholders efficient system, high-quality scientific work, are generally positive about their and CGIAR's ability to achieve impact on the partnerships with CGIAR, with an overall ground. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 35 TRIBUTE TO CGIAR DONORS Tribute to CGIAR donors Poor rural communities in developing and malnutrition, CGIAR is making progress countries face mounting challenges to with new initiatives and innovations for the agricultural development and food security. benefit of smallholder farmers, fishers, and Tackling these challenges requires foresters. We are extremely grateful to all of significant resources and long-term our funders, who make this work possible, financing for sophisticated programs. and we will continue to strive to be more Thanks to the support and contributions efficient, collaborative, and impact-oriented from our valued investors, who share our so that together we can truly transform the commitment to eradicating poverty, hunger, lives of the poor. Donors contributing to the CGIAR Fund in 2012  Australia  Korea  Bangladesh  Luxembourg  Belgium  Mexico  Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation  Netherlands  Canada  New Zealand  China  Nigeria  Denmark  Norway  European Commission  Portugal  Finland  Russia  France  Spain  India  Sweden  International Development Research  Switzerland Centre  Thailand  International Fund for Agricultural  Turkey Development  United Kingdom  Iran  United States of America  Ireland  World Bank  Japan 36 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 FINANCIAL SUMMARY Investment in CGIAR: Financial summary STRONG FINANCIAL CGIAR FUND GROWTH The increase in overall funding is just one In 2012, financial support for CGIAR indicator that the reform process is bearing continued to grow at a strong rate, reflecting fruit. The growth in contributions to CGIAR's donors' confidence in CGIAR's ability to multi-donor trust fund is perhaps an even tackle global food-security challenges and better indicator of donors' commitment to develop a range of innovations in agriculture key aspects of the reform. Launched in on behalf of the world's poorest people. December 2010, the CGIAR Fund was Despite global economic distress, funding for established to provide reliable and CGIAR increased dramatically between 2008 predictable multi-year funding and thereby and the end of 2012, from US$531 million to enable research planning over the long US$860 million (see Figure 1). With a 21% term, resource allocation based on agreed increase in funding of US$147 million, 2012 priorities, and the timely and predictable also marked the single largest annual disbursement of funds. increase in funding in CGIAR's history. This level of growth is particularly noteworthy To maximize funding coordination and considering the continuing fiscal difficulties harmonization, reduce transaction costs, experienced by many of our donors. and avoid funding and research fragmentation, donors to CGIAR are Since 2008, total funding has increased by encouraged to channel their resources almost 62% (US$329 million), an average through the Fund. Donors may designate annual increase of over 15%. In the decade their contributions to one or more of three prior to reform (1998–2007), the average funding windows. Contributions to Window 1 growth rate in funding was 4.8%. This of the Fund are the least restricted, leaving growth demonstrates sustained donor the CGIAR Fund Council to decide how confidence in and support for the reforms, these funds are allocated to CGIAR including CGIAR's commitment to a results- Research Programs, used to pay system oriented approach to research. It also costs, or otherwise applied to achieving the contributes to steady progress toward the CGIAR mission. Contributions to Window 2 goal of reaching funding of US$1 billion in are designated by Fund donors to specific 2013 in order to strengthen the portfolio of research programs. Contributions to CGIAR Research Programs and further Window 3 are allocated by Fund donors to advance CGIAR's mission. specific CGIAR Centers. Figure 1. Total CGIAR funding, 2008–2012 www.cgiar.org/AR2012 37 FINANCIAL SUMMARY From 2011 to 2012, contributions received through the Fund increased by 33%, CGIAR FUND DONORS growing from US$384 million to US$512 million. That, together with US$127 million Just as contributions to the CGIAR Fund carried over from 2011, resulted in a total of increased from 2011 to 2012, so did the US$639 million available for distribution, as number of Fund donors, growing from 26 in indicated in Table 1 below. US$458 million 2011 to 33 in 2012. Table 2 shows donor was disbursed during the year, so the Fund contributions by Window. Of the US$514 had a balance of US$181 million at the end million committed to the Fund in 2012, nearly of 2012. The high balance remained two-thirds was provided as harmonized because many grants were received by the funding, meaning via Windows 1 and 2, Fund late in 2012 and, consequently, could enabling CGIAR to pool resources from not be disbursed before the end of the year. different donors to finance research priorities. Of the total US$458 disbursed, US$325 million was via Windows 1 and 2, and Based on agreed priorities, the CGIAR Fund US$133 million was via Window 3. Council allocates funding to CGIAR Research Programs as well as to other Figure 2 illustrates the monthly cash flow system operations. Before receiving and Fund balance during 2012, indicating funding, Programs set out their expected how the disbursements are affected by the achievements and provide verifiable targets pace of receipts in the Fund during the year. against which progress can be measured The Fund is able to attenuate the effects of and monitored. Streamlining the funding the pattern of donor contributions, the process, linking funding to results, and majority of which are received in the last legally binding performance agreements quarter of the year, through carrying over give donors better value for money, and funds from the previous year to support ensure the cost-effective use of resources funding requests during the first 6 months of and that research translates into tangible the current year. benefits for the poor. Table 1: CGIAR Fund statement of receipts, disbursements, and Fund balance as of December 31, 2012 (US$ million) Window 1 Window 2 Window 3 Provisional Total CGIAR Fund Balance b/f from 2011 93 21 1 12 127 2011 contributions received in 2012 1 2 3 6 2012 contributions received in 2012* 184 116 185 20 505 Cost-sharing percentage 1 1 Sub-total receipts in 2012 186 118 188 20 512 Total available in 2012 279 139 189 32 639 Transfers 8 3 (5) (6) 0 Less: disbursements 219 106 133 0 458 Fund balance 68 36 52 25 181 *See Table 2 Figure 2. Monthly CGIAR Fund balance in 2012 38 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 FINANCIAL SUMMARY Table 2: CGIAR Fund 2012 donor contributions (US$ million) Receipts Window 1 Window 2 Window 3 Provisional Total CGIAR Fund Australia 8.8 20.5 11.3 40.6 Bangladesh** 0.1 0.1 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 1.5 24.3 25.8 Canada 15.6 15.6 China 0.1 2.7 2.8 Denmark 3.1 3.0 6.1 European Commission 21.0 21.0 Finland 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.9 France 1.2 1.2 IDRC 8.0 8.0 IFAD 2.6 2.6 India 0.7 0.5 1.8 0.1 3.1 Iran 0.5 0.5 Ireland 1.9 3.4 5.3 Japan 0.1 0.7 1.0 1.8 Korea 0.3 0.3 Luxembourg 0.3 0.4 0.6 Mexico 0.5 0.5 1.0 Netherlands 5.8 30.0 2.0 37.8 New Zealand 2.0 2.0 Nigeria 0.1 0.1 0.1 Norway 18.5 18.5 Portugal 0.6 0.6 Russia 3.8 3.8 Spain 0.5 0.5 Sweden 17.6 20.6 38.2 Switzerland 6.5 6.7 1.9 15.0 Thailand 0.1 0.1 Turkey 0.5 0.5 United Kingdom 51.4 22.6 74.1 Unites States of America 0.5 21.0 85.5 16.1 123.1 World Bank 50.0 50.0 Sub-total 2012 receipts 183.7 116.3 184.6 20.0 504.5 Belgium* 7.1 1.3 8.4 Nigeria* 0.5 0.5 Iran* 0.5 0.5 Total 2012 contributions 184.2 123.4 186.4 20.0 514.0 *Contributions that are supported by a signed contribution agreement but for which the money was not yet received by December 31, 2012. **Includes contributions that have been received but for which the contribution agreement is still in process. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 39 FINANCIAL SUMMARY MULTI-YEAR OVERALL 2012 CONTRIBUTION FINANCIAL RESULTS AGREEMENTS In 2012, the CGIAR Fund was the major donor to the system, financing US$316 Supporting a core objective of CGIAR million or 45% of total CGIAR Research reform – to foster financial stability, Program activities during the year. As predictable funding for long-term research, indicated in Table 3, US$260 million in and timely disbursement of funds – by the funding was provided by Windows 1 and 2, end of 2012, nine donors had made multi- while US$56 million came from Window 3. year funding commitments: Australia, the Bill Bilateral grant income accounted for & Melinda Gates Foundation, Denmark, US$384 million (55%) of CGIAR system IDRC, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Russia, activities. Spain, and the United Kingdom. The largest multi-year contribution to the CGIAR Fund Total system revenue in 2012 was US$887 was more than US$165 million over 4 years million (which comprises US$860 million in (2012–2015) from the Netherlands. funding and US$27 million in Center- generated income), up from US$735 million in 2011, which represents a 21% increase. "The Netherlands has demonstrated Expenditures in 2012 were US$876 million tremendous leadership not only in – an increase of US$169 million (24%) over 2011 – resulting in an operating surplus of making the most significant multi- US$11 million, which was added to year contribution to the CGIAR accumulated reserves. Fund to date, but also in choosing to provide its support in the form of unrestricted aid, evidence of the multilateral approach in action. … Contributions like this enable the CGIAR to invest in big ideas for big impact. We hope that other partners are inspired by the Netherlands' example." Rachel Kyte, CGIAR Fund Council Chair Table 3: CGIAR financial results (US$ million) Total CRPs Non-CRPs Total CRPs Non-CRPs 2012 2012 2012 2011 2011 2011 Revenue CGIAR Fund Windows 1 and 2 284 260 24 187 95 92 CGIAR Fund Window 3 78 56 22 16 2 14 Bilateral 498 384 114 510 124 386 Sub-total funding 860 700 160 713 221 492 Center own income 27 22 Total revenue 887 735 Expenditure CRPs 700 221 Center own programs 162 477 Systems entities 14 9 Total expenditure 876 707 Net result 11 28 CRP: CGIAR Research Program 40 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 FINANCIAL SUMMARY Table 4: Summary of CGIAR Research Program funding 2012 (US$ million) From financial statements of % of individual individual centers CRP funding W1/2 W3 Bilateral Total W1/2 W3 Bilateral Total (% of total) Dryland Systems 9.1 2.8 18.6 30.5 30 9 61 4 Humidtropics 7.2 2.9 9.9 20.0 36 11 53 3 AAS 7.5 1.0 11.6 20.1 36 5 59 3 PIM 15.2 9.5 50.4 75.1 21 13 66 11 WHEAT 11.4 2.3 27.0 40.7 28 5 67 6 MAIZE 13.5 9.2 51.5 74.2 18 12 69 11 GRiSP 35.4 12.7 50.9 99.0 35 13 52 14 RTB 22.3 2.6 26.3 51.2 44 7 49 7 Grain Legumes 7.5 3.8 11.1 22.4 33 19 47 3 Dryland Cereals 3.2 0.1 4.1 7.4 43 2 55 1 Livestock and Fish 7.7 0.3 7.9 15.9 47 2 51 2 A4NH 9.1 1.2 27.1 37.4 24 3 73 5 WLE 22.4 5.1 28.4 55.9 38 10 51 8 Forests, Trees and Agroforestry 29.4 1.3 40.5 71.2 41 1 58 10 CCAFS 46.4 0.5 16.0 62.9 73 1 26 9 Genebanks 12.6 – 3.3 15.9 79 0 21 2 260 56 384 700 37% 8% 55% 100% CRP: CGIAR Research Program multilateral approach to funding. In terms of SOURCES OF CGIAR untied aid, Windows 1 and 2 together REVENUE accounted for 25% of total revenue in 2011 and 32% of the total in 2012, indicating slow As illustrated in Figure 3, the increase in but steady progress towards one of the CGIAR revenue is clearly driven by the important goals of reform. In terms of increase in contributions through the CGIAR percentage change, Windows 1 and 2 Fund. From 2011 to 2012, the Fund's share combined grew by 52% from 2011 to 2012, of total CGIAR revenue grew from 28 to while Window 3 saw a dramatic increase of 41%, evidence of increasing interest in a 388%. Figure 3. Total CGIAR revenue by source, 2011 CGIAR RESEARCH and 2012 PROGRAM FINANCIAL SUMMARY CGIAR Research Program expenditures in 2012 amounted to US$700 million, or 80% of the total US$876 million, compared to US$221 million (31%) in 2011. This change reflects the significant shift from Center- focused research to system-wide research programming as the full portfolio of CGIAR Research Programs came online. The breakdown of CGIAR Research Program funding by source is shown in Table 4. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 41 FINANCIAL SUMMARY EXPENDITURE BY EXPENDITURE BY REGION COST CATEGORY CGIAR expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa Personnel costs as a percentage of total have increased from an average of 43% of CGIAR costs have decreased significantly the total during the period 1972–2008 to from 43% in 2011 to 36% in 2012, while 53% in 2012. During this same period, supplies and services have increased from CGIAR investment has decreased in Asia 30 to 35%. From 2011 to 2012, partnership from 31% to 27% of total expenditures; in expenditures only increased by 1%, from 16 Latin America from 15% to 13%; and in the to 17%. However, the share of partnership Central and West Asia and North Africa expenditures relative to total costs is (CWANA) region from 11% to 7%. The 2012 noticeably up from a historical average of expenditures are shown in Figure 4. 4%, clearly demonstrating a change in the modus operandi of CGIAR. Expenditures in 2012 are shown in Figure 5. Figure 4. CGIAR expenditure by region, Figure 5. CGIAR expenditure by cost category, 2012 2012 42 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 FINANCIAL SUMMARY FINANCIAL SUMMARY OF CENTERS In 2012, the Centers' total revenue was US$844.4 million, of which they implemented or spent US$833.9 million, leaving a surplus of US$11 million. A breakdown of individual Centers' surplus and deficits is shown in Table 5. Table 5: 2012 financial results by Center (US$ million) Revenue Expenditure CRP Non- Other Total CRP Non- Total Surplus/ Center CRP CRP (deficit) AfricaRice 20.7 1.8 0.2 22.7 20.7 1.5 22.2 0.5 Bioversity 30.4 5.2 1.7 37.3 30.4 6.3 36.7 0.6 CIAT 51.9 17.4 4.3 73.5 51.9 16.2 68.1 5.5 CIFOR 34.0 6.8 0.3 41.1 34.0 (0.1) 33.8 7.2 CIMMYT 108.5 6.4 1.1 116.0 108.5 1.6 110.1 5.9 CIP 39.4 3.9 0.8 44.0 39.4 4.4 43.8 0.2 ICARDA 32.7 5.8 1.5 39.9 32.7 12.9 45.6 (5.7) ICRISAT 39.6 15.7 4.8 60.1 39.6 16.8 56.3 3.8 IFPRI 80.6 3.1 0.4 84.0 80.6 3.7 84.3 (0.2) IITA 47.5 14.7 1.0 63.2 47.5 27.9 75.4 (12.2) ILRI 30.0 20.6 5.2 55.7 30.0 24.1 54.0 1.7 IRRI 77.3 7.3 2.0 86.5 77.3 7.9 85.1 1.4 IWMI 37.2 2.2 1.4 40.7 37.2 2.4 39.6 1.1 ICRAF 45.4 5.6 1.7 52.7 45.4 7.1 52.5 0.2 WorldFish 25.9 0.7 0.7 27.3 25.9 0.9 26.8 0.5 Sub-total 700.4 117.0 27.1 844.4 700.4 133.6 833.4 10.5 System-level activities 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.9 0.0 700.4 130.9 27.1 858.3 700.4 147.5 847.3 10.5 Challenge Program partners 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 0.0 700 160 27 887 700 177 876 11 CRP: CGIAR Research Program CONCLUSION across the system. Through the reform process, CGIAR has embraced a new The 2012 finances confirm strong and approach that is centered on innovative sustained donor commitment to the CGIAR ways to pursue scientific work and the system, with an increasing amount of funding it requires. It is bringing donors funding being channeled through the Fund together for better results and enabling and targeted at CGIAR Research Programs. scientists to concentrate more on the This increased financial commitment by research through which they develop and investors reflects confidence in key deliver big ideas for big impact. As a elements of the reform, including a more result, CGIAR is well on course to reach efficient and effective approach to both its US$1 billion goal in 2013 and achieve governance and research, with a focus on greater impact in the lives of the poor in results, and clear lines of accountability developing countries. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 43 44 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 CGIAR 2012 CGIAR 2012 CGIAR FUND CGIAR FUND COUNCIL The CGIAR Fund is a multi-donor trust fund The CGIAR Fund Council, a representative that, guided by the Strategy and Results body of Fund donors and other Framework (SRF), finances CGIAR stakeholders, is the decision-making body of research. The CGIAR Fund is administered the CGIAR Fund. It also appoints the by the World Bank, as Trustee, and Independent Science and Partnership governed by the Fund Council. Council (ISPC), a panel of leading scientific experts who provide independent advice and expertise to all Fund donors. CGIAR FUND TRUSTEE Chair of the CGIAR Fund Council The World Bank, as trustee, provides the Rachel Kyte following functions: it holds in trust the funds transferred by Fund donors under Trust Executive Secretary of the CGIAR Fund Administration Agreements; it serves Fund Council as an agent of the Fund Council in Jonathan Wadsworth disbursing Fund resources based on specific instructions from the Fund Council and through Fund Transfer Agreements CGIAR Fund Council members between the World Bank and the Association of Agricultural Research Consortium; and it provides regular reports Institutions in the Near East and North on its Trustee activities to the Fund Council, Africa Fund donors, and the Consortium. Australia Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Brazil Trustee Canada Pamela Crivelli China Egypt European Commission CGIAR FUND OFFICE Food and Agriculture Organization of the The Fund Office is the support unit of the United Nations Fund Council, the Funders Forum, and their Global Forum on Agricultural Research respective Chairs. In support of the Fund India Council, the Fund Office assists the Fund International Development Research Council and its Chair in the conduct of the Centre Fund Council's business, including: International Fund for Agricultural managing relations with Fund donors; Development analyzing the Consortium's compliance with Japan performance agreements based on Kenya information submitted by the Consortium; Nigeria and supporting the Fund Council in Papua New Guinea resource mobilization efforts, in close collaboration with the Consortium. Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Head of the CGIAR Fund Office United States of America Jonathan Wadsworth World Bank www.cgiar.org/AR2012 45 CGIAR 2012 Consortium Office; and the 15 Research INDEPENDENT Centers that are members of the CGIAR SCIENCE AND Consortium. The CGIAR Consortium PARTNERSHIP develops and carries out research programs to address complex development issues COUNCIL related to agriculture. The ISPC advises Fund donors on major science issues. The ISPC is a panel of Chief Executive Officer, CGIAR world-class scientific experts chosen by the Consortium Fund Council to provide independent Frank Rijsberman (since May 2012) advice. Where there is no conflict of interest, the ISPC also responds to requests for advice from the Consortium. As the ISPC reports to the Fund Council, it is also an CGIAR CONSORTIUM important link between donors and the BOARD Consortium on scientific issues. The Consortium Board leads the CGIAR Consortium, sets policies, and is Council Chair responsible for the attainment of the CGIAR Kenneth Cassman Consortium's purpose. The Consortium Board has 10 members, including an ex Secretariat Executive Director officio member, the Chief Executive Officer Peter Gardiner of the CGIAR Consortium. INDEPENDENT Chair Carlos Pérez del Castillo EVALUATION ARRANGEMENT Vice Chair Carl Hausmann The IEA is the totality of the provisions of the CGIAR Policy for Independent External Members Evaluation which was adopted by the Fund Tom Arnold (retired from the Board Council and became effective in February December 31, 2012) 2012. The policy addresses the independent Mohamed Ait-Kadi external evaluation of the CGIAR as a Ganesan Balachander whole, and of its ongoing and completed Gebisa Ejeta policies, programs, and institutional entities, Ian Goldin (retired from the Board in particular the CGIAR Research Programs. December 31, 2012) Lynn Haight Agnes Mwang'ombe Head, Independent Evaluation Arrangement Rachel Bedouin Ex officio member Frank Rijsberman, Chief Executive Officer Observer CGIAR CONSORTIUM Pamela Anderson, Director General, CIP, Consortium Research Centers' The CGIAR Consortium is an international Representative to the CGIAR Consortium organization that, together with the CGIAR Board Fund, advances international agricultural research for a food-secure future by Observer integrating and coordinating the efforts of Alan Tollervey, DFID, CGIAR Fund those who fund research and those who do Council's Representative to the CGIAR the research. The CGIAR Consortium is Consortium Board made up of: the Consortium Board; the 46 ANNUAL REPORT 2012 CGIAR 2012 mobilizes resources; explores opportunities CGIAR CONSORTIUM to improve efficiency, adopt best practices, OFFICE and share knowledge; develops, in cooperation with the Research Centers that The CGIAR Consortium set up its are members of the CGIAR Consortium, Consortium Office Headquarters in donors, and partners, the CGIAR Strategy Montpellier, France, in March 2011. The and Results Framework for approval by the Consortium Office: supports the Consortium Funders Forum; approves and manages the Board and helps it carry out its performance of CGIAR Research Programs; responsibilities; helps Research Centers reviews the efficiency and structure of the that are members of the CGIAR Consortium Research Centers that are members of the communicate and collaborate among CGIAR Consortium and decides on themselves and with the Consortium Board; appropriate action in accordance with the positions the Consortium globally, advocates Constitution; and develops, manages, and for international agricultural research and operates shared services to boost efficiency. www.cgiar.org/AR2012 47 CGIAR Consortium Research Centers Center Board Chair Director General Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) Peter Matlon Papa Abdoulaye Seck www.africarice.org Bioversity International (Bioversity) Paul Zuckerman Emile Frison www.bioversityinternational.org International Center for Tropical Agriculture Wanda Collins Ruben Echeverría (known by its Spanish acronym CIAT for Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) www.ciat.cgiar.org Center for International Forestry Research Hosny El-Lakany Frances Seymour; (CIFOR) Peter Holmgren www.cifor.org (since September 2012) International Maize and Wheat Improvement Sara Boettiger Thomas Lumpkin Center (known by its Spanish acronym CIMMYT for Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo) www.cimmyt.org International Potato Center (known by its Peter VanderZaag Pamela Anderson Spanish acronym CIP for Centro Internacional de la Papa) www.cipotato.org International Center for Agricultural Research Henri Carsalade; Mahmoud Sohl in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Camilla Toulmin www.icarda.org (since November 2012) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas International Crops Research Institute for the Nigel Poole William Dar Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) www.icrisat.org 48 Center Board Chair Director General International Food Policy Research Institute Fawzi Al-Sultan Shenggen Fan (IFPRI) www.ifpri.org International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Bruce Coulman Nteranya Sanginga (IITA) www.iita.org International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Knut Hove Jimmy Smith www.ilri.org International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Emerlinda Roman Robert Zeigler www.irri.org International Water Management Institute John Skerritt Colin Chartres; (IWMI) Jeremy Bird www.iwmi.cgiar.org (since October 2012) World Agroforestry Centre (previously known as Eric Tollens Tony Simons the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF) www.worldagroforestrycentre.org WorldFish Remo Gautschi Stephen Hall www.worldfishcenter.org 49 CGIAR CONSORTIUM CGIAR Consortium c/o Agropolis International 1000 Avenue Agropolis F-34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 tel: +33 4 67 04 7575 fax: +33 4 67 04 7583 email: consortium@cgiar.org www.cgiar.org CGIAR FUND CGIAR Fund Office The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 USA tel: +1 202 473 8951 fax: +1 202 473 8110 email: cgiarfund@cgiar.org Science for a food secure future www.cgiarfund.org