WTP414 ARABIC ~~,JJWV/t' ~z~II~ j V/Y 't'" &JJj 2VsVJ I1 >1~~~~~_ e ctAw 8fP 1 iUj. }uLJ j J 1 cJJ=I - 40JJLJA# i I AJ /1 _kL U jj&1 , 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. .j r S j 5 A l :(,. l - :.1 j l 1 J SF'v1 &Y' .,~ .......... y; (JyI L91)J~1J CIz @ W IsI.J919 !4YlJ o11 -S- V 1 Salman, Salman M.A, 198 -1 colc-JI Sam1an M.A, Salma, Laur,ence Boissol d o Lk, Ds 1 L)J CliL !)-j JJl L-A ;,>' i pYI-J>l "9, iWLl L3 ZJ l @ZLD "Jil ;WIJ IJ *J1_-1 "- L+Ia&a -JiY ->. t7.,1 sijzJ JL1_ Li.l A3. L21 eL--4 il 1, 1ll Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, U.S.A. ISSN: 0253-7494 0213 Jj1 alDWI njlil ;IySJA LANSj i,,Jjl eJjlillj :,.;11 J.' L'1 ;.Ock a5 41d"1 ZL' V4._pyj ; -n_,S-Atr ka WZ4S.*.^# Salman, Salman M.A., 1948- Intemational watercourses: enhancing cooperation and managing conflict / Salman M.A. Salman, Laurence Boisson de Chazournes. p. cm. -- (World Bank technical paper; no. 414) ISBN 0-8213-4432-3 1. International rivers. 2. Intemational lakes. 3. Pacific settlement of intemational disputes. 4. Water resources development--International cooperation. I. Boisson de Chazoumes, Laurence. II. Title. III. Series. JZ3700.S25 1998 98-28212 341.4'42--dc2l CIP n C h ~ ~ ......... ......... ........ .. .......................... A rU' In 1 . .............1... t3 lix lrIlb I''> yS1 e,* .(V W*-..----.. .......................................... "0"- tr.h: m lx rrfrv 1wtK m r(lT-on lrmv ?7 75Mol Lf 71 1 fls -1 1mv * - - -............................... im. T.,wj: ............1m 1F............................... 1 - ,:ltr v t \., E Dt ^ *----..-. . . .. . . . ....................................................... li f t + s ~~~~~~~~~~..... 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LJL XJ 4 (L)Sljl 1'e d15 9n 9U) 13 iL WIul t 1 4 ;I 4L.a1 Q 1 A siU 3 1 * S Z, v Aik z j -~V ,AW &4 kQ1 -L1&1 d1 A1 41?~^d .-. tU II Y +,l L,-0- k-1 D & 1+e 1g Lsj-& tIl _g_ "WI ar 1 _90 a 1A &";: I -3 L, in lpaii i e~~~~~~~~~~~~ Iu l ;l Yi1> 1;2 W ~~.14+Z. N4" A_1 Li 3A > < EI~dY A2.', (jl_ j J) d2a z-ui S yu41 6LS 1. ' c,-~ *&t LS 4Jv M. LA1ZWl A U c1 iA J a l A LL~ , k: 6AC*jXl .A aA4 ;AL ;Ju l 4Ai A ~5 wa E . v ~p &1JY Ailla Tazi Codli54 th Minimu Stndrd of; the Law of Ineraioa WaeoresearsonPr Oe an a1 Half 21 NAT. REORE J. 10 (1997);u 1 ^'''t EY" L. c 0,3a4l e37 (1997) Reporto theItrainl Law Comisio on th orfits Fory-ixth Sssion U.N.5 GAO 49th j Ses. )Supp.t1 R No. 10, 197, Uj.N. Doc. A14910. (1994) [heiaf 1994 LC- Report. ,.1 1 ~.r L Uz L,;aja e-'611 Ju Y_l j- JJLWI .5/2O-A.x 2uQ 1Jl4Z > -1 :,1 L,;I<) >11Aj,18 A-L41 Lv ZM 1J I.:aAar r Atilla Tanzi, Codifying the Minimum Standards of the Law of International Watercourses: Remarks on Part One and a Half, 21 NAT. RESOURCES J. 109 (1997); John Crook & Stephen McCaffrey, The United Nations Starts Work on a Watercourses Convention, 91 AM. J. INTL L. 374 (1997) Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Forty-sixth Session, U.N. GAOR, 49th Sess., Supp. No. 10, 197, U.N. Doc. A/49/10 (1994) [hereinafter 1994 ILC Report. ~r &JjLAj LAII eU I rrAl4 ,yl_IJ ;,1 ,t .%)2Ji, ,,,,Lj I ti .ia.AidIbAll~ ~ J ~()SM4.~*iI UAII~n Ww u IAI&4 dl4i.A. .-; i A ii AY I Ct ">1l S9AI 46YsL1 Ud LiJ3I Al WWI dCA I.11 " t Yl 4 " U" StSA c) '-A& I jA 'u 1 S 1 (# ^> J1i c-is rNTL. L. COMM'N, vol. 2, pt. 2, 68 (1986). [1985] IY.B. Js uf,i - JI K, a r ;U .atS ZA , - J dL , vU !4Z l4 O AJ Wsl UL1 ;>UI ^4 ~,1 c j S tgLI ;j J,WL 1 t J LIJ S4_A-Al (:.ilZVI ~OV 4h ZEDWL4It LJ6VI 4 >4 3 r &Yt)W 3JZ 9zi;l Jj.. oiiY aL 4ijiY 9 V A1 JIS ,.121zt o j 5 e LUf Igtst(;O l=f J9J 5 jJJ9. 4e~jf a>i4 JWj *ijl iaaf l. l Y Ua 45W 4,tS u1~ ntAY ^A~ jI s3j jf i i jZ . 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A/CN.4/3 20. For the second report, see The Law of Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 1980 Vol. II, pt. 2 Y.B. INT'L L. COMM'N 104, U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/332 and Add. 1. For the Third Report, see Third Report on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, U.N. Doc. A/CN4/348. Judge of the International Court of Justice. Jens Evensen, rapp., First Report on the Law of the Non-Navigatiohnal ' Uses of International Watercourses, 1983 vol. II, pt. 1 Y.B. INT'L. L. COMM'N 155, U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/367. For the second report, see U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/381. &L~ ;4I b1A ).WI LVL JJ-- _9 J 1 3 1 c-+ L4 L-s-L - a J LDLS (13 u 8 ^1 - Y I L1 _ + 0J LA4Si AV_ . Cj_Wl -i Cjaic.L ii_> ,U=-I 1I S&j '(system) ,^Ua" ,,A"LLAIJ Z41:. i ."e iafiz LlAln 11sai ;t- -i &L.LZ .!AL41 A 4 U L-L LAl U 1-5 CLW .i 3 . Jt " A al eI .x Ll ) 9AII LA 4,jS y J LS _ tl^i>. . ..-- Ai11a ZIM ;li 9. 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StJ , LA I.I1 Q.wl .JI.*1 WIt o AjuAl .JS1. .U JSMJ j.Lj,9 (J l JI .JL- tyL j) oLU ;1J,,*Li a ti ,> 1 A l, , t .xlIA -A ,,~~~ .4.,L IJ ,vat, ,, ,{0 s ,<,tI lji i. :e1 J L 1 1L.1 M 9A J1 .bI LLI 1xIJLI J ,1 8J; 4A SUA .u4 cU A tl_)J tj.,:,Lj j-. C- i.Aj AY2 A ! ;.il1l L4jAL u1i1 i . fiS ;- 4 Vi ul )i b431 ?1 A :A *'A4 _ ?jAI jUa' I' :,i J_j 4SLZ. I L3 bS AA CalLjoj ~ ~ ~ b: "'Aiil "~ 1"t..t,~ - WATER IN EUROPE (forhcoinug. See a*so Brs -)vI Eviea Scui A R u gJ sT ?~~'- Jc7lu b .ul.1 k2.al 1 Ajfs 2-k- u--- oi5^J 3 J vi "iA l . 3L~ SY (a3sS:~ Dw@ A--U LISI: g4_ All; IaA ii; n5< i41l !l&t SJSlHosl i9 r) ;4L.n Sij915 oJlJl SJA-1i A4l j.JIWI WAES IUOE (frhorning See alsoBak Bsjkvic Enionetl iiSecu,r9i2;IY49ty: A Reioa Perspective for Countries in Transition, In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP "ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT" (Marcel T.J. Kok ed., 1996). 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L IZI kAji JS tvIs i8X;111 )rr efi 1-L _ L+MY oL $t;5t,i-Ij15hzs. l b,5 ieL s.I, Yail 1 1 u L5z,_ AiLlAj os*9^ at 91L+l ~ILLIL J >c i2 !i ,SII ' . j JAJ Cl Z9aj t p t141 il U4 a !A V; S." C9-11 ):JJA. 21 VAI S~ &4 V/z p MJS Uii L4,,. '1_9 S LWs a)- JJ1""'L,SII J; 1-jO.46. SL.ll oald YI ¢1 _Ai ? (A)i ;1.U A4LSY lal ZIU i .at 4ilJlr~ L3=Y LGA si..W sl JIl I ] ii~ l:iiYI ZoJQill JI-;i 411 Cli1 ;,liiS La.L!9 9.,1 ocI" j Jjs U .L.4*il Hri "uL J11 oj > 5 4 4t ;-l ZE-s^ 1 L'a- s| tiilS f tiL! JI~ JLjLJ 1 9 -; - ^J )-9 C +a4fs 9 ,Jc .,,JJ f IjAl A - L)_qW1Z tzl. _-~ CONLEY, A., A SYNOPTIC VIEW OF WATER RESOURCES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA (1995). Grey, D. & C. Sadoff, A Water Resources Management Assistance Strategy for Southern Africa Development Comnmunity Member States (1996) (draft, on file with the authors). Hirji, R., River Basin Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities (1995) (draft background paper, on file with the authors). Hirji, R. & A. Duda, A Comprehensive Approach for Managing the Lake Victoria Basin Ecosystem (1995) (paper presented at the Nile 2002 Conference, on file with the authors). KIRMANI, S. & R. RANGELEY, INTERNATIONAL INLAND WATERS: CONCEPTS FOR A MORE ACTIVE WORLD BANK ROLE (World Bank Technical Paper No. 239, 1994). RANGELEY, R. ET AL., INTERNATIONAL RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATIONS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (World Bank Technical Paper No. 250, 1994). SHARMA, N. ET AL., AFRICAN WATER RESOURCES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (World Bank Technical Paper No. 331, 1996). TROLLDALEN, J.M., INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION: THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS (1992). WORLD BANK, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (Policy Paper, 1993). WORLD BANK, KENYA, TANZANIA, UGANDA: LAKE VICTORIA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT (Report No. 15541 -AFR, 1996). ,ro I I J. - a0) oA1 W~UZ w4 i J- l ALLA S L D II ;j| ~ ~ _ ,s;_lA 1 Y 8*3 tlA 18JUi &- olWl l JL . b .> .5A,9j l-ui;S8>1. , Lii ..r S DJLA ;1L 1 ;SY -59 .S1 b J j~~~U~A (l-~~l LM~ j - A Li :J_>S N?i- ; ,i l1.j5 > DSL UA-t _JlQ1 i5 14 JA3 el 5 5z Jl-" -Ir- ;:a ( ?Ii-11 A,cYa4 LTJJ~l LEL ~J ? 14-4-1 k--J,'Lj 1 ^ A ., ;.)_) L4 41 -^s 1 S 5>l ' J 5 _)-D,Uiijll A 1 !.8A,?ur ,1 Case Concerning the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hung./Slovk.), 1997 I.C.J. 92 (Sept. 25); 37 I.L.M. 162 (1998); - [hereinafter Case Concerning the Gabcikovo Nagymaros Project]. For background, see 32 I.L.M. 1293 (1993); also PHILIPPE SANDS, PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 351-4 (1995). The Summary of the Judgment appears as an *. 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ABAS THEl GAGE WAE D-ISPT (192) a nd (iv)S B ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~L . ,tJll J1oJldIi3L SJjf1;^tN i SaaAl e. 54A\ < 441 < 31 4 ;;L o S)A 5Ji0Xf t ;x; eSJl L 1 L q A-JaY11JoXy 1ela 41 <_3r c Aj i VELR WAT- LEIS OF HOPE N WATER R DE N AND RGN ii.J isl Aia I ^ sl J il sJ 41i4. c>., Z;ss -- J. iul WL\ 4 ) i y L~o Vi Xt _8a oiiL: J 4a ii eQAfU ,L I Y L >j A ,i 3W JJL .sl S.- LI -i 'AU "p i a 0 1 Jjt dLAt iW U.; ! 8>uuS Il i AIJ .}o* -5. 5 1 s,1v,41 <1 ~A '-U l A 1o sa INDIA BILATERAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENT,vol. 3, 427 (1997). _IJAi .) 5 s C7-ji '11- t35113 i ; 'I.Aiti ju "6 t )L" r (i) BEN CROW, SHARING THE GANGES - THE POLITICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF RIVER DEVELOPMENT (1995); (ii) FARAKKA - A GORDIAN KNOT, PROBLEMS ON SHARING THEGANGA WATER (Sunil Sen Sarma ed., 1986); (iii) B.M. ABBAS, THE GANGES WATER DISPUTE (1982); and (iv) B.G. VERGHESE, WATERS OF HOPE, INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND REGIONAL COOPERATION WITHIN THE HIMALAYAN-GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA-BARAK BASIN (1990). 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II 611; AIJ SLl!..I olll GVNE O i THE PEOilPl REULI OF B ASH, T A LASTN s."Ij 2j5I cjL tl s) ilAl ;-iLAl olllaf- L^ e i LAllMo Lz Ll , _j. I, _>.u1AjL_ 4LL j A.31Ii S l *..j lu=s .liL JJ viL il ;silQl11 illp I -> a sjbsl" GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECT PROFORMA (TAPP) FOR THE FEASIBILITY STUDY AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN OF THE GANGES BARRAGE PROJECT 6 (May 1997, Recast, June 1997). ';.U Oj.A I jr" ?Jj l s,1i: Lb &i r i jI 0_v 4_0 1.,.I U iA3 y4I j e IiZ 5 Z *I ;te'4 pjA Sjlalilt-'Al "I :,=I .-i Ll bt1 Y*c Zk ill siai L}tj9 ;j- li :U1) * 4n,1 "l-lS I s, 5-) ILil Alsl ..i ':t *t.:A.L YlKA L&-5 LL : j.Y )J p> 1 J btl -Lj & u Jjs oUaSAI~ )A a c ~4IJ. (Y LMC J1 JI Ms aA# L J 9 y A ;1u J 1 s 4 @ T 4i4 j, &1sA QW 14 9V Z= 4 1i JI Jl Jhn Ce n, AH cAc Shig GaLg Atr wh aI J 1 17 at t-._j t-^;1A JjAaV J LAVE 9IL3A# 4iGI piJx a; j vti LDS>. R. GOOLAN EVIl RNETL ASME OF DE4C REAS GA ll FLO wiN BG*LA jS HL,A _j. \ i :i514~ LS a_.t _SL jaZ5 PL..;21I "L.,a .-: 5 j ' ) ,Y I U" ri I iUll 1L ,L t-;*Ž UPE LIj ,1ivLAY A~~i I- IWl1 ff )Si . 1 6L-, ) i1 Y 01 ZL.. L1 If HA W1 J. .i Y 1i) i i 5 .a1 kzi John Cherian, A Historic Accord, Sharing Ganga Water with Bangladesh, FRONTLINE, January 10, 1997, 47 at 49. R. GOODLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF DECREASED GANGES FLOW IN BANGLADESH, A STUDY BY INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING COMPANY, (I1977). yo j1 .8 ro Z u r L 6&N8ev J1",15r;;.-1l Vz 4J s> v - PRETI L.; -)1;j r,5 ii .,, .:. ); (;ii yof 3wl.,a1f.J , L e . 9.31w va%l~ Ah(,JS l ;~" - I At) Aj Aiwl )UA)p~ .7~ i6.' -Li& V2 'y-|" ;_, --' :'\ 9-' 6~ 4 J-.. Lju..I. oaa 4.AJ3 vt .,i,1 J (,s , 1 ^ yI 8,uV v1 uX US LiA -L. j.; s I t bL -.A Jll _j,S.L.YI o j J4Ssy ,i1 S j& L1 i. 1 il lS l l1 J;IaI 4J A4 La1 vl ,l . ; )tSl 4ALS; u 4 s- JsLI;il J~ 4-al j 1A 4)1A 4:;1 aL)J Y OO k_iLL:iiv J, i cL wi-, -Asl is.JI LW4.2 L jl19 4