E4519 REPUBLIC OF GUINEA-BISSAU Emergency Water and Electricity Services Upgrading Project (P148797) Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework (ESSAF) I. Objectives 1. Based on the nature of the activities planned, the project is classified as a B operation. Three safeguard policies are triggered: OP/BP on 4.01 Environmental Assessment; OP/BP 4.11 on Physical Cultural Resources; and OP/BP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. However, given the fragility and emergency situation in Guinea-Bissau, the team has recommended the preparation of an Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework (ESSAF), consistent with Bank operational policies and procedures, investment operations subject to OP/BP 10.00 paragraph 11, for Situations of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints (FCCE) and the guidance note for crises and emergency operations for application of Bank safeguard and disclosure policies. This ESSAF provides general policies, guidelines, codes of practice and procedures to be integrated into the implementation of the proposed project. This Framework has been developed to ensure compliance with the World Bank’s safeguard policies at the early stage of project implementation and till the approval of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). The objective of the ESSAF is to ensure that activities under the proposed project will address the following issues: Minimize environmental degradation as a result of either individual subprojects or their cumulative effects; Protect human health Enhance positive environmental and social outcomes; and Prevent or compensate any loss of livelihood II. General Principles 2. Recognizing the emergency nature of the proposed project and the related need for providing immediate assistance, while at the same time ensuring due diligence in managing potential environmental and social risks, the ESSAF is based on the following principles: The proposed operation will support multiple subprojects, the detailed designs of which were not known during the combined preparation and appraisal mission. To ensure effective application of the World Bank’s safeguard policies, the ESSAF provides guidance on the approach to be taken during project implementation for the selection and design of subprojects and the planning of mitigation measures; No resettlement issues are expected in any of the proposed subprojects under the proposed project. If any do occur, such as in the extension areas, Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), for the specific subprojects will be prepared, consulted upon and disclosed prior to commencement of works. The proposed project will finance feasibility and detailed design studies for these subsequent investments, which will include environmental assessments and social studies as required by the World Bank safeguard policies; Employment opportunities within the subproject areas will be targeted and extended, as much as possible, to the affected communities and households and households that lost their livelihoods due to the political crisis. In all subprojects which require consultations with local communities or beneficiaries, consultations will be conducted to elicit the views of the male and female population; and Consultation and disclosure requirements will be simplified to meet the special needs of this project. This ESSAF will be disclosed in-country in the concerned sector ministries and other public places and at the World Bank InfoShop. III. Environmental and Social policies’ considerations 3. This ESSAF has been developed specifically for the proposed project to ensure due diligence, to avoid causing harm, and to ensure consistent treatment of social and environmental issues by the Government of GB and the World Bank. The purpose of this Framework is also to assist the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) in screening all the subprojects for their likely social and environmental impacts, identifying documentation and preparation requirements and prioritizing the investments. 4. OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. Most of the proposed subprojects will focus on the rehabilitation, improvement and upgrading of infrastructure for safe water and electricity. The work in these areas will be done under OP 4.01 and it is not anticipated that OP 4.04, OP 4.09, OP 4.10, OP 4.36, OP 4.37, OP 7.50 and OP 7.60 will be triggered in this project. 5. Environmental Assessment (EA) and/or Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) may be carried out during project implementation. At the same time, prior to sub-project implementation, the implementing agency will agree to apply the following minimum standards during implementation: Inclusion of standard Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) in the rehabilitation, improvement and construction bid documents of all subprojects; review and oversight of any major works by specialists; implementation of environmentally and socially sound options for disposal of debris or drain spoils; and provisions for adequate budget and satisfactory institutional arrangements for monitoring effective implementation. The EA and/or ESMP will be consulted upon and disclosed before works begin. 6. OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement. The need for involuntary resettlement or land acquisition in specific subproject areas will only be known during project implementation, when site-specific plans are available in the extension zone. Therefore subprojects will be screened for applicability of the resettlement policy and any subprojects involving involuntary resettlement or land acquisition will only be approved after preparation of a resettlement plan acceptable to the Bank. Several issues will increase the complexity of land acquisition - the lack of reliable land 2 record systems, and the inability of people losing land to either document ownership or be physically present to make their claims for eligibility. The safeguards framework will therefore include procedures for identifying eligible project-affected people, calculating and delivering compensation, and mechanisms for land dispute grievance redress. 7. OP 4.12 covers those persons displaced by the project activities. Given the long lasting crisis and possible land disputes between residents and to ensure effective poverty reduction, the borrower will prepare, consult upon and disclose a Resettlement Policy Framework during project execution and implement measures to minimize and mitigate adverse social impacts, particularly on poor and vulnerable groups. Well documented consultation mechanisms will be required to establish eligibility for compensation. Absent people who later claim compensation will require clear legal remedies to resolve or adjudicate disputes. 8. OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources. The proposed operations are not expected to pose risks of damaging cultural property. Nevertheless, proposed subprojects will be reviewed for their potential impact on cultural property and clear procedures will be required for identification, protection of cultural property from theft, and treatment of discovered artifacts, and will be included in standard bidding documents. While not damaging cultural property, subproject preparation may later identify and include assistance for preservation of historic or archeological sites. If these opportunities occur, cultural property management plans would be prepared for those subprojects. A chance find procedure will be included in the EA and/or ESMP. 9. OP 4.04 Natural Habitat. The activities envisaged under the proposed project will not induce impacts on natural habitat, fauna flora or biodiversity. The policy is not triggered. But, the opening/exploitation of new borrowing pits will have to be done away from sensitive habitat and nearby locations. The bidding documentation, of any activity which has such a requirement, will set clear guidance for the sustainable management of borrowing pit. 10. OP 4.09 Pest Management. The proposed project does not include the purchase, distribution, direct or indirect use of pesticide. No subproject will trigger this policy. 11. OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples. The proposed project will not trigger this safeguard policy as there are no Indigenous Peoples in the project area. 12. OP 4.36 Forests. The proposed project does not include any activity that would trigger this policy. 13. OP 4.37 Safety of Dams. The proposed project does not include construction of any dams and therefore this policy would not be triggered. 14. OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways. The proposed project does not include any activity that would trigger this OP. 15. OP 7.60 Projects on Disputed Areas. The proposed project does not include any activity that would trigger this policy. IV. Safeguard Screening and Mitigation 3 16. The selection, design, contracting, monitoring and evaluation of subprojects will be consistent with the following guidelines, codes of practice and requirements. The safeguard screening and mitigation process will include: A list of negative characteristics rendering a proposed subproject ineligible for support, Attachment 1; A proposed checklist of likely environment and social impacts to be filled out for each subproject or group of subprojects, Attachment 2; Guidelines for land and asset acquisition, entitlements and compensation, Attachment 3; Procedures for the protection of cultural property, including the chance discovery of archaeological artifacts, unrecorded graveyards and burial sites, Attachment 4; Relevant elements of the codes of practice for the prevention and mitigation of potential environmental impacts, Attachment 5; and A sample Environmental Safeguards procedures for Inclusion in the Technical Specifications of Contracts, Attachment 6. V. Responsibilities for Safeguard Screening and Mitigation 17. The PIU of the ongoing EEWRP has an environmental and social specialist who will be responsible for following up all safeguards concerns and would also ensure that all safeguard screening and mitigation requirements to each subproject be applied. VI. Capacity-Building and Monitoring of Safeguard Framework Implementation 18. As part of the capacity-building to be provided for implementation of the proposed operations, the PIU which is staffed with a qualified professional as a focal person to apply the ESSAF provisions will also receive training in ESSAF’s application from the World Bank’s safeguards specialists. 19. To assist in this capacity-building, and to provide subsequent guidance and review of the ESSAF’s application, the World Bank environmental and social safeguard specialists in the project task team will provide guidance to the PIU. During implementation support missions, the World Bank will assess the implementation of the ESSAF, and recommend additional strengthening, if required. VII. Consultation and Disclosure 20. This ESSAF will be shared with the Government of Guinea Bissau, concerned nongovernmental organizations and development partners, and will be disclosed in country and at the World Bank’s InfoShop. The implementing agency will consult project-affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations on the project's environmental and social aspects, and will take their views into 4 account. The implementing agency will initiate these consultations as early as possible, and for meaningful consultations, will provide relevant material in a timely manner prior to consultation, in a form and language(s) that are understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted. 5 Attachment 1 List of Negative Activity Attributes Activities with any of the attributes listed below will be ineligible for support under the proposed project. Attributes of Ineligible Activities GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS • Concerning significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats (protected areas, wetlands, etc.). Damages cultural property, including but not limited to, any activities that affect the following sites: • Archaeological and historical sites; and • Religious monuments, structures and cemeteries. Requiring pesticides that fall in WHO classes IA, IB, or II. Drinking Water Supply New or expanded of piped water schemes to serve 10,000 or more households. Sanitation New wastewater treatment plants to serve 10,000 or more households. Solid Waste New disposal site or significant expansion of an existing disposal site. • • Irrigation • New irrigation and drainage schemes. Dams • Construction of dams more than 5 meters high. Rehabilitation of dams more than 15 meters high. Power New power generating capacity of more than 10 MW. Income Generating Activities Activities involving the use of fuel wood, including trees and bush. Activities involving the use of hazardous substances. 6 Attachment 2 Checklist of Possible Environmental and Social Impacts of Activities I. Activity Related Issues S No ISSUES YES NO Comments A. Zoning and Land Use Planning 1. Will the subproject affect land use zoning and planning or conflict with prevalent land use patterns? 2. Will the subproject involve significant land disturbance or site clearance? 3. Will the subproject land be subject to potential encroachment by urban or industrial use or located in an area intended for urban or industrial development? B. Utilities and Facilities 4. Will the activity require the setting up of ancillary production facilities? 5. Will the activity require significant levels of accommodation or service amenities to support the workforce during construction (e.g., contractor will need more than 20 workers)? C Water and Soil Contamination 6. Will the activity require large amounts of raw materials or construction materials? 7. Will the activity generate large amounts of residual wastes, construction material waste or cause soil erosion? 8. Will the activity result in potential soil or water contamination (e.g., from oil, grease and fuel from equipment yards)? 9. Will the activity lead to contamination of ground and surface waters by herbicides for vegetation control and chemicals (e.g., calcium chloride) for dust control? 10. Will the activity lead to an increase in suspended sediments in streams affected by road cut erosion, decline in water quality and increased sedimentation downstream? 11. Will the activity involve the use of chemicals or solvents? 12. Will the activity lead to the destruction of vegetation and soil in the right-of-way, borrow pits, waste dumps, and equipment yards? 7 13. Will the activity lead to the creation of stagnant water bodies in borrow pits, quarries, etc., encouraging for mosquito breeding and other disease vectors? D. Noise and Air Pollution Hazardous Substances 14. Will the activity increase the levels of harmful air emissions? 15. Will the subproject increase ambient noise levels? 16. Will the activity involve the storage, handling or transport of hazardous substances? E. Fauna and Flora 18. Will the activity involve the disturbance or modification of existing drainage channels (rivers, canals) or surface water bodies (wetlands, marshes)? 19. Will the activity lead to the destruction or damage of terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems or endangered species directly or by induced development? 20. Will the activity lead to the disruption/destruction of wildlife through interruption of migratory routes, disturbance of wildlife habitats, and noise-related problems? F. Destruction/Disruption of Land and Vegetation 21. Will the activity lead to unplanned use of the infrastructure being developed? 22. Will the activity lead to long-term or semi-permanent destruction of soils in cleared areas not suited for agriculture? 23. Will the activity lead to the interruption of subsoil and overland drainage patterns (in areas of cuts and fills)? 24. Will the activity lead to landslides, slumps, slips and other mass movements in road cuts? 25. Will the activity lead to erosion of lands below the roadbed receiving concentrated outflow carried by covered or open drains? 26. Will the activity lead to long-term or semi-permanent destruction of soils in cleared areas not suited for agriculture? 27. Will the activity lead to health hazards and interference of plant growth adjacent to roads by dust raised and blown by vehicles? G. Cultural Property 28. Will the activity have an impact on archaeological or historical sites, including historic urban areas? 29. Will the activity have an impact on religious monuments, structures and/or cemeteries? 30. Have Chance Finds procedures been prepared for use 8 in the activity? H. Expropriation and Social Disturbance 31. Will the activity involve land expropriation or demolition of existing structures? 32. Will the activity lead to induced settlements by workers and others causing social and economic disruption? 33. Will the activity lead to environmental and social disturbance by construction camps? II. Site Characteristics No. YES NO Comments ISSUES 1. Is the activity located in an area with designated natural reserves? 2. Is the activity located in an area with unique natural features? 3. Is the activity located in an area with endangered or conservation-worthy ecosystems, fauna or flora? 4. Is the activity located in an area falling within 500 meters of national forests, protected areas, wilderness areas, wetlands, biodiversity, critical habitats, or sites of historical or cultural importance? 5. Is the activity located in an area which would create a barrier for the movement of conservation-worthy wildlife or livestock? 6. Is the activity located close to groundwater sources, surface water bodies, water courses or wetlands? 7. Is the activity located in an area with designated cultural properties such as archaeological, historical and/or religious sites? 8. Is the activity in an area with religious monuments, structures and/or cemeteries? 9. Is the activity in a polluted or contaminated area? 10. Is the activity located in an area of high visual and landscape quality? 11. Is the activity located in an area susceptible to landslides or erosion? 12. Is the activity located in an area of seismic faults? 13. Is the activity located in a densely populated area? 14. Is the activity located on prime agricultural land? 15. Is the activity located in an area of tourist importance? 16. Is the activity located near a waste dump? 17. Does the activity have access to potable water? 9 18. Is the activity located far (1-2 km) from accessible roads? 19. Is the activity located in an area with a wastewater network? 20. Is the activity located in the urban plan of the city? 21. Is the activity located outside the land use plan? Recommendation: Ineligible activity: Change activity site: Conduct a simple ESIA (category B): No ESIA required. Apply following measures: o xxxx (measure, period/timeline, who ?) o yyyy (measure, period/timeline, who ?) o zzzz (measure, period/timeline, who ?) Signed by (DNACPN designated person): Name: _____________________________ Title: _______________________________ Date: _______________________________ Signed by Project Manager: Name: _______________________________ Title: _______________________________ Date: _______________________________ Approved by National Institution in charge of EIA on (date and signature) Copied to: • xx • yy 10 Attachment 3 Guidelines for Land and Asset Acquisition, Entitlements and Compensation I. Objectives 1. Resettlement and private land acquisition will be avoided or kept to a minimum, and will be carried out in accordance with these guidelines. Activity proposals that would require demolishing houses or acquiring productive land should be carefully reviewed to minimize or avoid their impacts through alternative alignments. Proposals that require more than minor expansion along rights of way should be carefully reviewed. No land or asset acquisition may take place outside of these guidelines. A format for Land Acquisition Assessment Data Sheet is attached as Attachment 3(i). 2. These guidelines provide principles and instructions to compensate negatively affected persons to ensure that they will be assisted to improve, or at least to restore, their living standards, income earning or production capacity to pre-project levels regardless of their land tenure status. II. Categorization 3. Based on the number of persons that may be affected by the activity, Project Affected People (PAPs) and the magnitude of impacts, activities will be categorized as follows: (a) activities that will affect more than 200 PAPs due to land acquisition and/or physical relocation and where a full Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) must be produced. These will be prepared prior to activity implementation. (b) activities that will affect less than 200 persons require the following documentation: (i) a census survey of displaced persons and valuation of assets; (ii) description of compensation and other resettlement assistance to be provided; (iii) consultations with displaced people about acceptable alternatives; (iv) institutional responsibility for implementation and procedures for grievance redress; (v) arrangements for monitoring and implementation; and (vi) a timetable and budget. (c) activities that are not expected to have any land acquisition or any other significant adverse social impacts; on the contrary, significant positive social impact and improved livelihoods are expected from such interventions. III. Eligibility 4. PAPs are identified as persons whose livelihood is directly affected by the project due to acquisition of the land owned or used by them. PAPs deemed eligible for compensation are: (a) those who have formal legal rights to land, water resources or structures/buildings, including recognized customary and traditional rights; 11 (b) those who do not have such formal legal rights but have a claim to usufruct rights rooted in customary law; and (c) those whose claim to land and water resources or building/structures do not fall within (a) and (b) above, are eligible to resettlement assistance to restore their livelihood. IV. Compensation Principles 7. The project implementation agencies will ensure timely provision of the following means of compensation to affected peoples: (a) Project affected peoples losing access to a portion of their land or other productive assets with the remaining assets being economically viable are entitled to compensation at a replacement cost for that portion of land or assets lost to them. Compensation for the lost assets will be made according to the following principles: (i) replacement land with an equally productive plot, cash or other equivalent productive assets; (ii) materials and assistance to fully replace solid structures that will be demolished; (iii) replacement of damaged or lost crops and trees, at market value; (iv) other acceptable in-kind compensation; (v) in case of cash compensation, the delivery of compensation should be made in public, i.e., at the Community Meeting; and (vi) in case of physical relocation, provision of civic infrastructure at the resettlement sites. (b) Project affected peoples losing access to a portion of their land or other economic assets rendering the remainder economically non-viable will have the options of compensation for the entire asset by provision of alternative land, cash or equivalent productive asset, according to the principles in (a) i-iv above. V. Consultation Process 8. The PIU will ensure that all occupants of land and owners of assets located in a proposed activity area are consulted. Community meetings will be held in each affected district and village to inform the local population of their rights to compensation and options available in accordance with these Guidelines. The Minutes of the community meetings shall reflect the discussions held; agreements reached, and include details of the agreement, based on the format provided in Attachment 3(ii). 9. The PIU shall provide a copy of the Minutes to affected people and confirm in discussions with each of them, their requests and preferences for compensation, agreements reached, and any eventual complaint. Copies will be recorded in the posted project documentation and be available for inspection during supervision. 12 VI. Activity Approval 10. In the event that an activity involves acquisition against compensation, the PIU shall: (a) not approve the activity unless satisfactory compensation has been agreed with the affected person; and (b) not allow works to start until the compensation has been delivered in a satisfactory manner to the affected persons. VII. Complaints and Grievances 11. Initially, all complaints should be registered by the PIU, which shall establish a register of resettlement/compensation related grievances and disputes mechanism. The Grievance Redress Mechanism shall include: (i) a register of grievances and disputes related to project activities; (ii) a local level Grievance Committee; (iii) the complaint processing and notification; (iv) the monitoring. The existence and conditions of access to this register (where, when, how) will be widely disseminated, at the early stage of the implementation phase, in form and language accessible to all the stakeholders. The Grievance Committee will consist of the following members: (i) the Mayor/Local Authority; (ii) a Legal advisor; (iii) a Local Representative within the elected Council; (iv) a Leader of Community Based Organization and/or Civil Society Organization; and (v) the Community leaders. This committee will meet on an “as-needed” (i.e. when a significant complaint is registered by the PIU or a dispute arises in a given community). 12. When a grievance/dispute is recorded as per above-mentioned registration procedures, the grievance committee will meet, and mediation meetings will be organized with interested parties. The mediators will attempt amicable mediation/litigation in first instance. Minutes of meetings will be recorded. The existence of this first instance mechanism will be widely disseminated to the affected people as part of the consultation undertaken for the sub- project in general. It is important that these grievance committees be set up as soon as RAP preparation starts. Disputes documented e.g. through socio-economic surveys should be dealt with by appropriate mediation mechanisms which must be available to cater for claims, disputes and grievances at this early stage. A template form for claims should be developed and these forms be collated on a quarterly basis into a database held at project level. VIII. Verification 12. The Mediation Meeting Minutes, including agreements of compensation and evidence of compensation made shall be provided to the Municipality/district, to the supervising engineers, who will maintain a record hereof, and to auditors and socio-economic monitors when they undertake reviews and post-project assessment. This process shall be specified in all relevant project documents, including details of the relevant authority for complaints at the municipal/district or implementing agency level. 13 Attachment 3(i) Land Acquisition Assessment Data Sheet (To be used to record information on all land to be acquired) 1. Quantities of land/structures/other assets required: 2. Date to be acquired: 3. Locations: 4. Owners: 5. Current uses: 6. Users: • Number of Customary Claimants: • Number of Squatters: • Number of Encroachers: • Number of Owners: • Number of Tenants: • Others (specify): ______________________ Number: ___________________ 7. How land/structures/other assets will be acquired (identify one): • Donation • Purchase 8. Transfer of Title: • Ensure these lands/structures/other assets are free of claims or encumbrances. • Written proof must be obtained (notarized or witnessed statements) for the voluntary donation, or acceptance of the prices paid from those affected, together with proof of title being vested in the community, or guarantee of public access, by the title-holder. 9. Describe grievance mechanisms available: 14 Schedule of Compensation of Asset Requisition Summary of Units to be Compensated Agreed Compensation Affected Unit/Item a. Agricultural land (m2): ___________________ ___________________ b. Houses/structures to be • demolished (units/m2): _____________________ ___________________ c. Type of structure to be demolished (e.g. mud, brick, cement block, etc.,) _____________________ Not Applicable. d. Trees or crops affected: _____________________ ___________________ e. Water sources affected: _____________________ ___________________ Signatures of local community representatives, Sheikh/Head of Tribe: Include record of any complaints raised by affected persons: Map attached (showing affected areas and replacement areas): 15 Attachment 4 Protection of Cultural Property 1. Cultural property include monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of significance points of view, and are defined as sites and structures having archaeological, historical, architectural, or religious significance, and natural sites with cultural values. This includes cemeteries, graveyards and graves. 2. The initial phase of the proposed project poses limited risks of damaging cultural property since activities will largely consist of rehabilitation of existing roads across and along wadis, and minor public works for rehabilitation of school and hospital buildings, irrigation systems, water and power supply. Further, the list of negative activity attributes, which would make an activity ineligible for support (Attachment 1), includes any activity that would adversely impact cultural property. Nevertheless, the following procedures for identification, protection from theft, and treatment of discovered artifacts should be followed and included in standard bidding documents as provided in Attachment 6. Chance Find Procedures 3. Chance find procedures will be used as follows: (a) Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find; (b) Delineate the discovered site or area; (c) Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture take over; (d) Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture immediately (within 24 hours or less); (e) Responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archeologists of the Ministry of Culture (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values; (f) Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities and the Ministry in charge of Cultural Heritage and Archeology. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; (g) Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the Ministry of Cultural heritage; and (h) Construction work could resume only after permission is given from the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture concerning safeguard of the heritage. 16 4. These procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts, when applicable, and as proposed in section 1.5 of Attachment 6. During project supervision, the Site Engineer shall monitor the above regulations relating to the treatment of any chance find encountered are observed. 5. Relevant findings will be recorded in World Bank Project Supervision Reports (PSRs), and Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs) will assess the overall effectiveness of the project’s cultural property mitigation, management, and activities, as appropriate. 17 Attachment 5 Codes of Practice for Prevention and Mitigation of Environmental Impacts Potential Impacts Prevention and Mitigation Measures Disruption of drainage: • Hampers free drainage, causes • Design to provide adequate drainage and to minimize stagnant pools of water. changes in flows, not limited to the road reserve. • Increased sediments into • Provision of energy dissipaters, cascades, steps, and ponds, streams and rivers due checks dams. to erosion from road tops and • Provision of sufficient number of cross drains. sides. • Balancing of cut and fill. • Increased run-off and flooding. • Re-afforestation to protect susceptible soil surfaces. • Rehabilitation of borrow areas. Erosion: • Erosion of land downhill from • Design to prevent soil erosion and maintain slope stability. the road bed, or in borrows • Construction in the dry season. areas. • Protection of soil surfaces during construction. • Physical stabilization of erodible surfaces through turfing, • Landslides, slips or slumps. planting a wide range of vegetation, and creating slope breaks. • Bank failure of the borrow pit. • Rehabilitation and re-grading of borrow pits and material collection sites. Loss of vegetation. • Balancing of cut and fill. • Re-afforestation to protect susceptible soil surfaces. • Minimize loss of natural vegetation during construction. • Re-afforestation and replanting to compensate any loss of plant cover or tree felling. Loss of access. • Design to include accessibility to road sides in case roadbed is raised. • Alternative alignments to avoid bisecting villages by road widening. 18 Potential Impacts Prevention and Mitigation Measures Impacts during construction: • Fuel wood collection. • Provision of fuel at work camps to prevent cutting of firewood. • Disease due to lack of sanitation. • Provision of sanitation at work camps. • Introduction of hazardous • Removal of work camp waste, proper disposal of oil, wastes. bitumen and other hazardous wastes. • Groundwater contamination (oil, grease). • Accidents during • Management of construction period worker health and construction. safety. • Potential impacts to cultural • Use archaeological chance find procedures and coordinate property. with appropriate agencies. • Increased migration from • Provide comprehensive community participation in nearby cities. planning, and Migration issue to be resolved through local conflict resolution system. 19 Attachment 6 Safeguards Procedures for Inclusion in the Technical Specifications of Contracts I. General 1. The Contractor and his employees shall adhere to the mitigation measures set down and take all other measures required by the Engineer to prevent harm, and to minimize the impact of his operations on the environment. 2. The Contractor shall not be permitted to unnecessarily strip clear the right of way. The Contractor shall only clear the minimum width for construction and diversion roads should not be constructed alongside the existing road. 3. Remedial actions which cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be carried out on completion of each Section of the road (earthworks, pavement and drainage) and before issuance of the Taking over Certificate: (a) these sections should be landscaped and any necessary remedial works should be undertaken without delay, including grassing and reforestation; (b) water courses should be cleared of debris and drains and culverts checked for clear flow paths; and (c) borrow pits should be dressed as fish ponds, or drained and made safe, as agreed with the land owner. 4. The Contractor shall limit construction works to between 6 am and 7 pm if it is to be carried out in or near residential areas. 5. The Contractor shall avoid the use of heavy or noisy equipment in specified areas at night, or in sensitive areas such as near a hospital. 6. To prevent dust pollution during dry periods, the Contractor shall carry out regular watering of earth and gravel haul roads and shall cover material haulage trucks with tarpaulins to prevent spillage. II. Transport 7. The Contractor shall use selected routes to the project site, as agreed with the Engineer, and appropriately sized vehicles suitable to the class of road, and shall restrict loads to prevent damage to roads and bridges used for transportation purposes. The Contractor shall be held responsible for any damage caused to the roads and bridges due to the transportation of excessive loads, and shall be required to repair such damage to the approval of the Engineer. 20 8. The Contractor shall not use any vehicles, either on or off road with grossly excessive, exhaust or noise emissions. In any built up areas, noise mufflers shall be installed and maintained in good condition on all motorized equipment under the control of the Contractor. 9. Adequate traffic control measures shall be maintained by the Contractor throughout the duration of the Contract and such measures shall be subject to prior approval of the Engineer. III. Workforce 10. The Contractor should whenever possible locally recruit the majority of the workforce and shall provide appropriate training as necessary. 11. The Contractor shall install and maintain a temporary septic tank system for any residential labor camp and without causing pollution of nearby watercourses. 12. The Contractor shall establish a method and system for storing and disposing of all solid wastes generated by the labor camp and/or base camp. 13. The Contractor shall not allow the use of fuel wood for cooking or heating in any labor camp or base camp and provide alternate facilities using other fuels. 14. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots, asphalt plants and workshops are located in appropriate areas as approved by the Engineer and not within 500 meters of existing residential settlements and not within 1,000 meters for asphalt plants. 15. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots and particularly storage areas for diesel fuel and bitumen and asphalt plants are not located within 500 meters of watercourses, and are operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses, either overland or through groundwater seepage, especially during periods of rain. This will require lubricants to be recycled and a ditch to be constructed around the area with an approved settling pond/oil trap at the outlet. 16. The contractor shall not use fuel wood as a means of heating during the processing or preparation of any materials forming part of the Works. IV. Quarries and Borrow Pits 17. Operation of a new borrow area, on land, in a river, or in an existing area, shall be subject to prior approval of the Engineer, and the operation shall cease if so instructed by the Engineer. Borrow pits shall be prohibited where they might interfere with the natural or designed drainage patterns. River locations shall be prohibited if they might undermine or damage the river banks, or carry too much fine material downstream. 18. The Contractor shall ensure that all borrow pits used are left in a trim and tidy condition with stable side slopes, and are drained ensuring that no stagnant water bodies are created which could breed mosquitoes. 21 19. Rock or gravel taken from a river shall be far enough removed to limit the depth of material removed to one-tenth of the width of the river at any one location, and not to disrupt the river flow, or damage or undermine the river banks. 20. The location of crushing plants shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer, and not be close to environmentally sensitive areas or to existing residential settlements, and shall be operated with approved fitted dust control devices. V. Earthworks 21. Earthworks shall be properly controlled, especially during the rainy season. 22. The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times and cause the least possible disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits of the work. 23. The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cross-sections at any one location as soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation to avoid partially completed earthworks, especially during the rainy season. 24. In order to protect any cut or fill slopes from erosion, in accordance with the drawings, cut off drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes and be planted with grass or other plant cover. Cut off drains should be provided above high cuts to minimize water runoff and slope erosion. 25. Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated tipping areas as agreed to by the Engineer. 1. Tips should not be located where they can cause future slides, interfere with agricultural land or any other properties, or cause soil from the dump to be washed into any watercourse. Drains may need to be dug within and around the tips, as directed by the Engineer. VI. Historical and Archeological Sites 27. If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall: a. Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find. b. Delineate the discovered site or area. c. Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture take over. d. Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture immediately (less than 24 hours). e. Contact the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture who would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by 22 the archeologists of the Ministry of Culture (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage, including the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values. f. Ensure that decisions on how to handle the finding be taken by the responsible authorities and the Ministry of Culture. This could include changes in the layout (such as when the finding is an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage. g. Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the Ministry of Culture; and h. Construction work will resume only after authorization is given by the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture concerning the safeguard of the heritage. VII. Disposal of Construction and Vehicle Waste 28. Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing structures shall be suitably reused, to the extent feasible, in the proposed construction (e.g. as fill materials for embankments). The disposal of remaining debris shall be carried out only at sites identified and approved by the project engineer. The contractor should ensure that these sites (a) are not located within designated forest areas; (b) do not impact natural drainage courses; and (c) do not impact endangered/rare flora. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas. 29. In the event any debris or silt from the sites is deposited on adjacent land, the Contractor shall immediately remove such, debris or silt and restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of the Supervisor/Engineer. 30. Bentonite slurry or similar debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed of to avoid overflow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area. 31. All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, where necessary, will be considered incidental to the work and should be planned and implemented by the contractor as approved and directed by the Engineer. 32. Vehicle/machinery and equipment operations, maintenance and refueling shall be carried out to avoid spillage of fuels and lubricants and ground contamination. An oil interceptor will be provided for wash down and refueling areas. Fuel storage shall be located in proper bounded areas. 33. All spills and collected petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with standard environmental procedures/guidelines. Fuel storage and refilling areas shall be located at least 300m from all cross drainage structures and important water bodies or as directed by the Engineer. 23