I~~~2-4 -' CEARA CEARA STATE GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT - SDU SECRETARIAT OF WATER RESOURCES - SRH CEARA STATE BANK - BEC URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT PROURB-CE JERIMU1 PUBLIC RESERVOIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY SUMMARY OCTOBER 1993 CONTNT A. INTRODUCTION I B. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE: FRAMEWORK 3 C. PROJECT DESCRITON AND MULTIPLE PURPOSES OF THE RESERVOIR 4 D. BASELINE DATA 6 E. ENVIRONMENTAL IPACTS 8 F. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 8 G. MITIGATION PLANS 11 H. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND TRAINING 12 1. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 13 A. INTRODUCflON 1. FoDowing a brief overview of the ntal assessment procedures for the water resources component of the Ceara Urban Development and Wate Resource Management Prject (PROURD-E, this document sthe Eionmetal Impact Assessment (EIA) and associated Eavironmental Impact Report (RIKA) for the Jerimum Bablic Reseromir, which is representative of the subpojects to be implentedr unier this component of the projet. The EIA/RIMA analyzes the physical, biological and social impacts lIley to result from the construion of the Jeimum Resevoir, to be located on th Cazitor6 River, which is part of the Cura Riv bas in the State of Ceari, Braz The EIA/RIMA also identfies the necessary mitgaion measures for the negtive impacts of the Jerimum projet. 2. The water resources component will iclude the constuction of approximaey 30 new dams (-baxagens-) and reservoirs (acudes) and 47 aqueducts in sparsely etted rural areas in the sei-arid interior of the state of Ceara. These failites are primanly desgned to expand -:^ urban water supply, but wil also regulaiz (prenae) water flow in nvers which are . normally dry for 8-9 months of the year, tereby permittng downstram rrigaton of lands sit-uated on either side of the fiverras wel as floodplain (or "vaznteU) agriculture along the -~ - xreceding edges of the resrvoirs thmsvesJ The reservoirs will also be used for fls2ries development. Togethe, these rovements will help retai rurl and urban population in the intrior of the state, thus reducing migrary pressres on metrpolitan Fortal and oer large cities in Brazil, especially during perods of prolnged drought. 3. The reserv to be created under the &ponent will be distributed throughout the state in the arms of greatest water scarcity (vazios hidrio). Maxmm storage capity of the L,planned res irs ranges from 4 to 400inm,ion cubic meters (m3), with an average size of - .t,; -- about 3VmlDion m3. A total of 16,683 hectares is expected to be flooded as a resdt of the pmposed dams, or an average of roughly 556 ha per reservoir. Accoding to prelminary estmates, a total of about 1,848 families (9,250 persons) will be reseted as a result of the >'- component of which more hn half will be rlocated elsewhere on (Le., the unflooded portons of) their present landoldings. Most of the rest will be rehoused in close vicinity to their existing places of re and provided access to irrgated land wi made avaiable through the project 4. Due to the programmatic nature of the water resources component, an in-house envronmental unit (IEU), conisting of spedalists in the physical, biological, and social (ncluding reset3lement) impacts of dams and reservoirs in semi-arid regions wil be created in the StaftateSRo M znagement n OGER) to be estabished in connecfi SR with the Eee- ad environmental andreset s st w also be pponted to prvide guidance to the IEU with respect to, initr alia (i) the findings of the initial enviMental ice (see pwa. 6 below) and Terms of Ref ce (TOR) for each proposed rsevoir to be prepared jointly by the IEU and the s nmental agency (SEMACE), wc will also be strn ned under the project; (i) th fin s ad ecomdatms of the v menassessments; ii) en plans, procedures, and budgets throughout tie of the watr resources component; and Civ) the spedfic fimcdons and staffing, aining, and other needs of the IEU. The IEU, in tun, will -'3 2 ensure that the initial proect-specific assessments and subsequent monitring and evaluaton will adequatey mnidpae v mental impacts. Togete with SEIACE, it will also ensure that all. romended mitigatory measves are properly -3% S. Both the IEU and the advisory pand will fuction throwghout the implementation of the water resources component ar4 for at least two years after project completion in order to continu to monitor and evabate the envirnmnal and soial impacts of project investments. SEMACE, with the assistance of the Ceara Foundato for Meeorology and Water Resources (FUNCEME), wi monitor water gmlity and control polution in ffie resvoirs to be insaled under the component, as well as in the Wexisting lare rervoirs in the state. SEMACE will ikwis carry out enavnmental education pgrams with the rurl populatin situated in the immediate areas of influence of ach resevoir to reduce the risk of contmination from nearby (generally smal-scale) agricultural and grazing actvities. 6. In accordane with Bazilian law (see pam 10 below) and consistent with World Bank guidelines, en nlassessment of specific r voir prqects will be ared out as follows. Upon submission of basic project docby t proponent - in this case the Secreriat of Water Resources (SRH) - a multi-discqpiary team frm SEMACE, together ith the IEU, undertakes an initial enmvtl of the site of the proposed investment, incldng consultation with the local populaon, to establish the baic gudeln and define the TOR for the environmental mact assme (EIA) and the asocat mentlimpact report (RIMA), which are the responsbiit of the proponent and are normally canied out by prvate consultants under the supevson of the IEU. Upon recept of the draft EA and RIM, SEMACE assesses their coverge and qualy in reaio to the TOR, reviews tir findings and recommenations, and prepares a techical memorandum (uparec tecnico") conaining its own conclusions d recommendations and idic any additional stuies that may be required prior to gnting a license to proceed with the civi works for the projecL 7. When rquested, SEMACE holds publc herngs to discuss the al impacts and proposed mitigatin (and, where applicabl, t) measures i connection with a paricular project The E1A, RIMA, and SEMACE's tchnical memoandum may also be reviewed by the State onmetal Council (COEMA), which meets bi-weeldy, at the la's request. In any case. COEMA is informed of all pendig requests for licensig which requi the mpletinof en mentalassessments. Once theEIAandRIMAareapproved,SEMACE - agan visit the project area and consults with local popatios por to formally issuing a ~ %licese for the iniation of project wors - 8. The English languag summary of the EIA[RIMA for the Jerimum Publc Reservoir Project is prented in the reminder of this document. The mental assesment of the | Jerimum project was reviewed in detai by SEMACE prior to Bank appraisal of the project and - c ~\ found acceptable In additi to the individual project eviroment essm n, a two-phase A- sectorai assessment study covering te progam as a whole wi be prpared, based on Tenns of Refrence to be agreed prior to loan ns The results of Phase I of this study, coverng state-wide informafn, will be presented as a condition of Bank loan 3 effectivens, whie the results of Phase II, involving more proect-pecific irfrtmadion for fte full set of invesmets to be financed under the water resourmes compnnt of e project, wi be presented wiin twelve monfts of the lan effecfiveness date. B. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINESTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 9. Dam constuctio and reservoir formation are of particular importance for most of the -:cidis in the State of Cearl, wbich are essentay agrcultural cities whose sociocoic ; situan is frequently dependent on higbly unfavorable mental condton The irreguar -distribun of rainfal combined with the poor quaity of local saos which, even being fertile, are salow, pesent low permability, are badly drained, and cover a rocky substratum, reul m constriing regional economic development The presence of reservoirs may reduce this problemac situation, lu-addition, dam consucon reates the possibility of epanding --doestic water supply. 10. Tbe constructin of dams and subsequent formaion of resevoirs can not be J"7alUy caried out wio prior elaboration and approval by the competent state or federal authorty of an Envionmental 3mpact Asesment (EIA) and repArt (RIMA), according to Resoli No. 1 of the fdral Environmental Council (CONAMA), created m 1981 in conjunction wfith the forml esblishment of a national en nmental policy. The ETA and RIMA should consder the posive and negative effects of the proposed xoect on the pyscal, biological and social envronments, as we as indicate the mitigation measur reaured to prevent or compensate for any negative impacts. Those responsible for elabonrtio of the EIA/RDdA must also present a summary mental report to be made available, upon request, to the affected popultion through a Public Assembly. 11. As the federal agency responsible for national nmentl policy, some the attxibutions of the Brazilian Enviromental md Natural Resources Instute (IBAMA) include: (I) establishing imental quality standards ard land use distribution; (i) reviewing and approving envronmentalasses s prior to ganting licemses for activities requiring deforestaon or ioMing potentially polluting activities; and (i cratng enrnmental protecdon areas. The thrd aricle of CONAMA Resolution 044 of 1985 defines as 'enviromena protection areas,' the lands and forsts along wate coursus, around rsers and near rver sources. In the case of the Jermum Public Reseroir, Iie areas that are legally protected are those in a 50 mete strip along er side of the Caxtor6 and Mandacaru nivers. Othe laws concerning mental issues of reevance to the project are: io Law No. 5197, wbich deiberates about wildlfe protecton; CH) Law No. 7802, which dehiberates about the use of agrculture chemical residuals; and Cii) Law No. 3824, ddeirates about the deforesdon of reservoirs sites. In the specific case of Jermum, the project sponsor, SRXH, will be responsible for obtaining fte Deforestation Decree from IBAMA, which wll allow it to implement the proposed project. 12. The state e entl prottion agency in Ceara is SEMACE. Among its responsibiis are to requre, analyze and apprve EIAs and RIMs, whih are frequently 4 eLdboaed by private consultant firms. It also ppaes Opaional Guiddines for the elaboration of specfic EIs/IMAs, which requie a detailed c t on of project imnplementaion and identi Of its most significant mental impacts and miigato needs. A projet can only be cared out if the c din E WIMA is appved by SEIALCE. 13. Stte Law No. 11,996 of July 24, 1992 defines ste water resource policy. It aiso estalished the State Council and Stat Committee for Water Resources, which are composed of representatives of the fedeal, state, nmnicipal vments, as well as NGOs and othe civic groups. The state Water Resourre Use Pln icldes mechanisms to acieve the necessary integration and coordnation of acos by the seveal leves of governmt, including the municipalities, for purposes both of decisio maing and project implemenn. The state Water Resources Secretaiat (SRH) has its own responsibilities in the envimnl artena such as the supevision of documents which deal with envimtal issues, including the ARMA, the promotion of meetings with the affected communities, local NGOs, and other state ag the coodafion of activities requred by the mitgati plams and einntal ectim and control of the newly created protected are. 14. At the MUdcipa level, local laws are developed in the framework prvided by federl and state envim lisl The m lis must be iolved in much iMentl issus as limiting g proteted areas, en ntal educaon, and -ontrolling reservoi watershed uses. Since d nai of land use at the watershed levd is responsibilityof the mniad Men the dmes in the ar of influence of the Jernmum Resevir, as part of Curu River basn, shoud adjust ther mental lisdatiom to reflect the u aheady rby the lnd use pln for the watrshed as a whole. The Curu River Watershed Plan has the following goals: (i)to take advantage of the ban's reguaized discharges; (i) to improve regio agrcultmul actvites; (i) to increase the "per - caiaW income of the area by impementing inigao plans; (iv) to resettle approimatey 500 families; and (v) to expand regional food spply and the provision of raw materials for local industries. This plan also reflects two of the State Govenent's brader oectives: to enhance te soo-economic de of cities in the semi-arid hintend and to promote the rational use of the natmal resources of the area, mainly soil and water. C. PROJECT DESCRItUION AND MULTIE PURPOSES OF THE RESERVOIR 15. The Jerimum Public Resevoir is designed for water sWly, rition and fishry acdvities. The dam wiM be situated at the coordinates 350'080S and 39"41'27"W. The Jimm resevoir will be located in the western part of the Curn River basin There are tre tws Jenimum's watrshed, lIapaj, Iraucuba and Tejussoca. Access to the dam site is by federal ighway BR-222., heading west to the twn of Itapaj6 about 120 ]am from Fortale, then trning south on a secnday road about 9 km west of Itapaj for about 20 km. 16. Physical features. The prject's physical escs can be summarzed as follows: Site of the dam: Boundary between iaucuba and Tteussuoca mnicipliis, Stt of Care, Brazil; Watershed: Caxitor; - Project Propoet: Stae Water R urces Seetrit (S); - Area tD be Expr5priated: 421.25 ha; - Populaton tD be served with water supply: 51,275 inhabitants (C year 2013); - Starage capacity: 20.5 x 10' in3; - Area tD be flooded: 269.3 ha; - Watershed basin: 38,600 ha; - Mean annual premiptbn: 739 mm; - Mean annual - - -oraspaton: 2,755 mm; - Type of the dam: rock-fDIl and earth; - 1Maximum height of the dam: 24 meters; - Izvel at the top: 150.5 mters above sea level; - Splllway leveLh 147.0 s; Maximum disdcarge (for I0years risk): 252 m3/secq, lkgguarized discharge: 0.450 m31sec; ,; - - Borrowed material area: 71.47 ha; - Legal enmental protecto ara 151.95 ha. 17. Off-site inesiments. The project incldes a 16.2 km ieline for water spply to the toWn of je. Tbe pieine will be made in cast iron witb 300 mm diameter. It wi be conscd along the left bank of Itapae iver intiating at the -power house to be built on the left bank of Caxitor6 River. The project includes also an irigation area downstrm of the dam. /X '..4A 0 18. Municipal water supply. This is the most important water use in the Jerimum Project. The total water flow demand for the estimated population of 31.675 inhabitants in the town of Itapaje in the year 2013 is 65.95 liters/sec. The town of hraucuba wil also be supplied from the Jerimum Reservoir with a discharge of 40.89 liters/sec for an estimated population of 19,600 > inhabitants in the year 2163. The town of Tejussuoca will be supplied from the Tejussuoca Reservoir (also located on the Caxitor6 River), which is presently neanng completion by the National Department of Works Against Droughts (DNOCS), a federal government agency. - -' 19. Irrigation. The irrigation area downstream from the Jerimum Reservoir has an extension - of 300 ha, and will use 343.16 literslsec. This project wil be implemented by the Support Program of rrigaed Agriculture (PROIR) of the Bank of Northeast Brazil (BNB), using resources from the Constitutional Fund for the Northeast (FNE), whose main purpose is to fix families in the rural areas and small towns in the interior. (Details are provided in Annex 10 of the EIA). , .. . ; ~-1 - - ~- _ i-_ ., -. ;. J* * . - 20. Seasonal Agriculture. Considering the perimeter extension of 10 kn of the reservoir and a strip which permits seasonal agriculture that is 30 meters wide, plus 10 ha of useful area (including upstream of the rivers Mandacaru and Caxitor6), the total area for this use will be 40 ha. This use will be managed by SRH through the 'Projeto Beira D'gua' (or "Water Edge ;-; 7Project") using a 3 ha diesel kit This program is also eligipble for financing under PROIR - C BNBIFNE. Another alternative will be the Progam for the Modetion of Non-Irrigated Agriculture (PROAGRI - BNBIFNE). (Details are als provided in Annex 10 of the EIA). 21. Fisheries Activities. This is one of the most imporant activities undertaken by DNOCS. This use is further detailed in the Fisheries Plan summarized below. D. BASELINE DATA 22. Charcterization of the Affected Area. The hydrographic basin of the Jernium Reservoir is part of the direct influence area of the project All necessary resettlement will be undertaken in this area. The district named Boa Vista do Caxitore will be the nearest urban population group connected with the project. The direct area of influence also mcludes the municipalities of Itapaje, Iraucuba and Tejussuoca. The indirect area of influence is the Curu River basin. Therefore, future operation of the Jerimum Reservoir has to take place within the context of management of the Curu River basin as a whole. 23. Social Environment Accorg to the demographic census of 1991, the populations of the affected towns are: Itapaje - 20,082; Iraucuba - 9,534; and Tqussuoca - 8,645 inhabitants. The demogrphic densities are below 20 inhaitants per square kIlometer. Forty percent of this population is economically active, 40 percent are in the informal sector (i.e., pay no taxes) and 20 percent depend on one or the other of these two groups. Sixty percent.of the active population is engaged in agricultual activities. Even though agrcultural actvities constitute the main potential land use in the region, natural pastures represent the most intensive use of these lands. 7 24. Population of the Impoundment Area. The water level of the future reservoir will affect, totally or partially, 27 properties. Nime families of landowners and 27 families of farm workers, who do not own the land on which they reside, live in the area. Eleven of these 27 families wil be resettled. However, only three of these eleven families will have to be relocated to the rual dwelling nucleus project, to be ilemented by the State Water Resources Secretariat (SRH). The other eight families will be rehoused at other locations on their present lots. The planned nucleus will have all necessary basic iasructu 25. Basic Infrastructure. The basic infastructure in the area includes the following: - Sanitation: Iraucuba town has 684 water connecfions supplying 2,970 persons. Itapaje has 2,405 conneacons supplying 12,025 persons and Tejussuoca has 196 connections supplying 980 persons. - Electric energy: Iraucuba has 1,193 electric energy consumers, Itapaje has 4.378 and Tejussuoca 444. - Communication services: Iraucuba has a post office and 200 telephone lines 99 of which are domestic lines. Itapaje has a post office and 600 1; -hone lines of which 350 are domestic lines. TeJussuoca has a post office b .t iio installed telephone lines. - Transport: Iraucuba has 556 kn of non-paved roads and 18 kmI of paved roads; Itapaje has State Highway CE-141 and Federal Fighway BR-222, which connects it mnth thee other towns and cites m Ceara .State: Frecheimnha, Tiangua and SobraL It has 542 kam of non-paved roads. 26. Present land Distribution. Most of the proprwties in the area are considered medium sized ones. Iraucuba has 1,862 properies occpying a total of 111,130 ha. Itapaje and Tejussuoca count with 3,962 propeties occupying 92,593 ha. The impoundment area has the following land distibution: 7.41 percent of the properdes occupy 0.17 percent of the impoundment area; 33.33 percent of the propies occupy 5.13 percent of the area; 44.44 percent of the properties occupy 18 percent of the area; and 14.81 percent of the properties occupy 76.69 percent of the impoundment area 27. Physical Enment The geological unit that charaeri the area is called the "Northeastern Complex' and is composed mostly by 'gnaisses.' According to the project document, there will not be any difficulty concerning the substratum with respect to dam construction. The geomorphological unit in the project area is called "Sertaneja Surface" and is formed by "sedimentary hills." The soils in the region present low permeability, shallowness and high susceptibility to erosion. However, they also present high levels of decomposed minerals which make them reasonably fertile. For purposes of intensive agriculural uses, soil management requires some conservation techniques. The most important climatological feature 8 of the area is the very uneven distribution of the rainfall during the vear. The area is normally totally without rainfall for about nine months over a one year period. 28. Biological Environment. The vegetation covering the project's area of influence is mosUy composed with open bush-sized "caatnga' forest The speces consdered more resistent to the environmental adversities of the area are: Mlimosa acustistipula (jurema preta); Jatropha mollisima (Pinihao); Solanum sp (urbeba); Cereus gounelli (ique-xique); Pilosocereus sp (facheiro); Cereus Jamacaru (mandacaru); Croton sp (marmeleiro), Copemicia prunifera (caniauba); Licania ngida (oiticica); Jpomea pes-caprae (salsa); Cypeus sp (tririca); among others. Local wvidlife is composed mainly of birds: Rallideos (frango-d'agua); Jacamnideos (acana); Psitacideos (papacu); Picideos (pica-pau); Alcedinideos (marLim-pescador); Tyrannideos (vovo, lavandeira); Fumarideos (crispim); Icterideos (papa-arroz); Fringilideos (gola. papa- capim); Thravpideos (vem-ven). The principal reptles of the area are Prynops sp. (cagado); Helicops sp. (cobra d'agua); Waglerophis sp. (cobra). E. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 29. The env al impacts of the project indicated in the EAIRIMA were systemaized - - and are presented in Table 1 below - in what can be denominat a 'Descriptive Listing of Environmental Impacts,' which is an adaptation of the 'Checklist for Addressing Environmental Impacts of Dam and Reservoir Projects' prepared by the Social and Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1990). F. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 30. Four alternative locations for the project were studied: (a) on the Mandacuru River, (b) on the Caxitore River; (c) at the confluence of the two rivers; and (d) 1,200 meters below the confluence (on the Caxitore River). The following table summazes each alternative, and demonstrates that fte best option is location (c) because it presents a lower cost along with a higher regularized volume. The definition of the crest level (150.5 meters) was done considering the existence of an existing upstream reservoir. The choice of the cross section was made on the basis of the availability of construction maerial. The earth and rockfill type was chosen on the basis of lower costs and good effecriveness, as well as the favorable landscape features it brings to the region. The hydrological and geological studies determined the choice of spillway level (147 meters) and its width (80 meters). The no construction alternative will result in the maintenance of the interitte nce of Caxitore River, which prents no flow at all during drought periods that can extend to 9 months in a year. I5 ii [, II I?I5 g 2g I X gg ig5 220gX i i X 4!F I |~ ~~~~ I*.. rr,1''. th.[1!i,t!Ils,l .1s , 10 tJSrF orprmwn^L IArme FROu 1W coO um1IOK OFTmU DAM. FORmAO OFmoTmimuu PtUur FS-vRvo DrvMR?Jr orTMu WATtR MIN AMD UMCATION IR=Cr CO%TL%I'^PTON AC|IONS THAT AIrC EMRoMCTA. LTRuATIONS TM OF WMPACT RECOMMENEMP I dVUI0NMKMTAL. 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Alternative Annual Inflow Regularized Costs Volume (hm3) Volume (hm3) (USSI/m3 regular.) a 15.5 5.9 0.22 L iR b 17.3 4.2 0.38 -; l c 33.4 9.6 0.22 . / d 35.0 8.6 0.28 G. MITIGATION PLANS 31. Resettlement Plan. The State Water Resources Seretariat (SRH) held a meeting with the affected population and a local NGO to determine: (i) the compensation required for assets to be lost as a result of the proposed impoundment; (ii) the need for reconstruction of houses; (iii) the new infrasuur to be installed in the area to be occupied by resettled families; and (iv) other resettlement issues including institutional responsibilities for environmental protection measures to be undertaken in the area In this process, SRH desigated a representative to respond to resetlement-related questions. The documention from this first meeting is included in the EIAFRIMA. Once negotiations with the individual finilies are completed, the SRH will initiate the delivery of the construction material. It will also develop an educational program on sanitation issues and will install sanitation equipment in the houses located around the lake. The resettement process will require 8 months and be completed prior to filing of the reservoir. 32. Rational Deforestation of the Reservoir Area. All land below the 147 meter level, which involves a total of 269.3 ha, will be impounded. This area should be cleared before the reservoir is filled. The implementing agency must clear only the area strictly necessary. The agency should permit the local population to utilize the timber from the area to be cleared. The detailed deforestation process is specified in the EARIMA. This process should last 7 months at most. Only the last two months of the clearing process can coincide with the reservoir filling process. Stump removal is expected to require 45 woridng days using either mechanical or manual methods. 33. Wildife Protection Plan. The wildlife rescue process should be undertken before and during the clearing process. Specifically, rescue operations should start one month prior to the beginning of the deforestation process. If properly equipped with the rescue material, 10 men, worldng 8 hours, can cover 5 ha in one day. For each 8 hours of work, a 12 hour range of no interventions in the prepared area will be needed so that the animals can be rescued. The wildlife protection plan can, thus, be concluded in -54 working days. 34. Fisheries Plan. The fisheries plan can be started as soon as the lake is totally filled. According to the plan presented in the EIA/RIMA, four years will be required for the fish 12 population to reach its most productive stage. SRH will be responsible for installation of the required fisheries infrastructure surrounding of the lake. SRH should encourage the local population to create an institution to obtain funds for formation of a small fisheries industry, regulate and control the activities in the areas surrounding the reservoir for the protection of fish populations, and promote training courses for fisherman and educational programs for local residents concemning proper use of the reservoir. 35. Degraded Areas Recuperation Plan. Specific provisions must be made to eliminate or mitigate environmental damage in the impoundment area during and after construction. Some of these procedures will be the responsibility of the oontactor and others, especially inspection and control activities, will be the responsibility of SRH together with SEMACE. Provisions should be incorporated into all construction contracts with respect to the following construction- related impacts: adequate location of borrow pits; avoidance of air and water pollution from construction equipment, earth movement and living quarters; screening of laborers for imported water-related diseses; adequate solid waste disposal; adequate siting of contractor faciities and other infrastructure to minimi disuption of natral landscape; and minimization of noise pollution. Corrective procedures, including reforestation of the affected area, are further detailed in the EIA/RIMA. H. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND TRANINNG 36. Implementation of the mitigation plans and their respecive costs are detailed in the EIA/RIMA. A general implementation schedule is contained in Annex 7 of the EIA. .37. Although responsibility for carrying out the mitigation measures can be shared with other public sector agencies such as the state Electrical Energy Company, the state Water and Sewerage Company (CAGECE), SEMACE and muncipalities in the direct area of influence of the project. Environmental educational programs should be closely geared to the implementation process. Some of the measures to be promoted, caried out or enforced in the watershed are: (i) farming actvities should always use rational techniques; (i) sanitary control of critical areas, including observation of existing e ental laws and regulations (e.g., Law No. 7,803 of July 1989, requiring a 100 meter protection strip around the reservoir and a 50 meter protection strip along the streams); (iii) the installafion of adequate wastewater disposal facilities in the areas immediately surrounding the lake; Civ) strict observation of upstream land use restrictions concerning soil management, liquid and solid discharges, prohibition of forest burning for agricultural uses, hunting and fishing rules, etc. 38. The State Water Resources Secretariat (SRH) is mainly responsible for the management, monitoring and training activities to be undertaken in connection with the implementation of Jerinum Public Reservoir and its associated mitigation plans. Among other actions, SRH will promote a training course for environmental monitors, which will have the following features: 13 TRAINING COURSE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MITIGATION PLANS OF JERIMUM PUBLIC PROJECT NAME OF THE COURSE I COURSE FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROMOTION OF SRH (Stae Water Resource Secretariat) INTERESTED POPULATION Fisheries, Reforestaion, Agriculture and Operative Engineers as weU as technicians from Federal Technical School of Engineers from SRH NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS 20 DURATION: 200 hours, 45 days SCHOLARSHIP GRANT USS 5lstudentlday COSTS . US$ 5,000 for professor payment . USS 1,000 for management, installations, matial and equipment expenses . US$4,500 for scholarship grants . Total: US$10,500 SELECTION PROCESS Interview with a reesentative of SRH I. CONCLUSIONS JAND RECO4MMENDATIONS 39. The implementation of Jerimum Public Reservwir in the Curu River basin was analyzed under two points of view. The first assesses the need to accumulate water for several uses in that part of CearA State. The second analyses the environmental impacts likely to result from construction of the dam and subsequent formation of the lake. Regarding the first feature, it can be affirmed that it is not possible to store water in the underground aquifers of the region because the substratum is mostly rock, which means that there is no other way of accumulating and using the poorly distnbuted rainf of the area except by forming artificial lakes. Regarding the second aspect, a pottmial envionmental imact checklist was elaboated, focussing primarily on negative impacts so that the necessary mitigation measures could be identified. Upon analysis of the checklist, it can be concluded that, even though there are sevemal negative impacts, they can all be minimized tbrough appropriate mitigating measures. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIAIRIMA) does not have any objections concerning the proposed alternatives for the location and design of the dam and reservoir, understanding that their environmental and social impacts will not be such as to impede construction of the dam. 14 40. The main recommendations of the ELA/RrMA concem two key stages of project implementation: prior to dam construction and duTing and after filling of the reservoir. Prior to dam construction: 1. Promotion of a meeting between the implementing agency and the affected local population to define resettlement arrangements and procedures; 2. Development of plans to employ inanpower from the local community; 3. Development of plans for resettlement and downstream agricultural use; 4. Development of environmental education programs linked with preserved ecological and cultural areas; 5. Owners and non-owner residents of all the expropriated lands should be paid before initiation of the proposed project. in market pnces and in cash. The affected population should receive from SRH the market value of all assets that will be lost as a result of project implementation. During and after filling of the reservoir: 1. Replanting of grass on reservoir banks to prevent soR erosion and afforestation of slopes with fast growing tees to rehabilitate deforested areas; 2. Control of agricultural and grazing activities upstream of and around the reservoir to prevent deforestation and water pollution. 3. Carrying out health and environmentl education programs with the local population; 4. Monitoring and control of water quality upstream, within, and downsteam of the reservoir by SEMACE; 5. Provision of social and production support assistance to resettled and other local populations in the reservoir's immediate area of influence.