SFG2651 V2 The People’s Republic of China World Bank Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals January 2017 Project name: Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Client: Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Assessment unit: Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Institute Qualification certificate No.: G.H.P.Z.Y.Zi No. 2711 Institute Director: Chen Wei Project director: Ouyang Kun Project technical directors: Wang Wei and Wang Ying Project compilers: Xiang Qiulai, Liu Jun, Yao Hui, Yuan Cuiyu, Xun Zhou, Wu Huan and Tang Jinyao Contents Chapter 1 Project Overview .............................................................................................................1 1.1 Project background....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects .......................................................................................2 1.3 Category and characteristics of the project ...............................................................................3 1.4 Environmental assessment method ...........................................................................................4 1.5 Assessment standards ................................................................................................................6 1.6 Scope of assessment ................................................................................................................10 1.7 Environmental and social sensitive sites .................................................................................13 Chapter 2 Framework of laws and regulations ............................................................................27 2.1 Legal and regulatory framework .............................................................................................27 2.2 World Bank's safeguard policies and compliance analysis .....................................................37 2.3 Analysis of difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank’s safeguard policies ..........................................................................................................................20 Chapter 3 Project Content .............................................................................................................30 3.1 Project area overview ..............................................................................................................30 3.2 Project objectives ....................................................................................................................32 3.3 Construction content of the project .........................................................................................34 Chapter 4 Environmental Status ...................................................................................................23 4.1 Natural environment ................................................................................................................23 4.2 Ecological environment...........................................................................................................22 4.3 Social and economic environment ..........................................................................................28 4.4 Current situation of agricultural producing areas ....................................................................34 4.5Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status .....................................23 4.6 Investigation of agricultural products......................................................................................43 4.7 Social influence identification on environment in project area ...............................................45 Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) ........................................................................................................................52 5.1 Analysis on impacts of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures ........................................................................................................................................52 5.2 Analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources and mitigation measures ...............61 5.3 Analysis on impacts of agricultural activities and mitigation measures .................................71 5.4 Analysis on impacts on social environment and mitigation measures ....................................85 Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme..................................................................................100 6.1 Comparison and Selection of With and Without Project ..........................................................100 6.2 Comparison and selection of project area .............................................................................102 6.3 Selection and distribution of project area ..............................................................................129 Chapter 7 Analysis of social impact.............................................................................................132 7.1 Analysis of social impact ......................................................................................................132 7.2 Analysis of social risks ..........................................................................................................136 7.3 Control of social risks ...........................................................................................................139 Chapter 8 Process of Public Participation ..................................................................................143 8.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment.....................................................143 8.2 Public participation of social impact assessment ..................................................................160 8.3 Information disclosure and Opinion Feedback (Complaint) Mechanism during Project Implementing Period ...................................................................................................................168 Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Management Plan ..........................................................173 9.1 Purpose of environmental and social management ...............................................................173 9.2 Contents of environmental and social management plan ......................................................173 9.3 Environmental and social management system.....................................................................173 9.4 Environmental and social management training ...................................................................187 9.5 Summary of mitigation measures of environmental and social influence ............................189 9.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................196 9.7 Estimation of environmental and social management expenses ...........................................207 9.8 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan ...........................................209 Chapter 10 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................1 10.1Project brief ..............................................................................................................................1 10.2 Current situation of environment ............................................................................................4 10.3 Analysis of influence on project environment and mitigation measures ................................5 10.4 Analysis of social influence of project and mitigation measures ............................................7 10.5 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................7 Appendix 1 .........................................................................................................................................1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Small Civil Engineering Works ...................................1 Appendix 2 .........................................................................................................................................1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction.........................1 Appendix 3 .........................................................................................................................................1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities ..................................................1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 1 Project Overview 1.1 Project background Hunan Province is also called as “a land of nonferrous metals”. Many farmlands are seriously polluted by nonferrous metals arising from industrial and mining waste water as well as dust fall during mining and smelting. In 2011, nonferrous metal pollution survey and monitoring were developed in rice growing areas of 1.8 million mu in surrounding areas of industrial and mining enterprises, irrigation areas and medium-large suburbs distributed in 45 districts and counties, and 12,000 soil samples were collected in all. According to the monitoring results, the heavy metals that pollute farmland mainly included Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead), As (arsenic), Hg (mercury), and Cr (chromium), especially Cd. In regard to the types of agricultural products, mainly rice and vegetables were polluted. In 2013, the reports about “cadmium-polluted rice storm” by some media aroused widespread attentions of society and high attention of government of all levels, caused huge impact on the rice industry in the whole southern China, and sounded the alarm for the issues on current agricultural production security and farmland protection. Yongxing County is among the top grain-producing counties, with the grain sowing area and yield always ranking the forefront of counties in Chenzhou. Meanwhile, it is also known as “capital of silver”, with the silver production accounting 1/4 of the national production. Recycling of gold and silver during melting has a long history of more than 300 years. The nonferrous metal industry development drives the rapid growth of local economy, and also brings large pressure on regional environment. Given this, with the aims of curbing and controlling pollution of heavy metals and organic matters in agricultural producing areas, improving environments of agricultural producing areas, and guaranteeing food safety, Yongxing County is listed as the subproject county of “Integrated Management of Farmland Pollution in Hunan” after rapid risk analysis and research of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province, so as to provide reference and demonstration for other areas in Hunan to explore management modes for farmlands polluted by heavy metals. The project is an Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land 1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan in Yongxing County with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Yongxing, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production. 1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects From 2014, pollution control and crop planting structure adjustment pilot works were carried out in heavy-metal-polluted farmland of 2,740,100 mu in Changzhutan. Implementation results of the project: VIP remediation mode was adopted; the Cd content of early rice in standard-reaching production area, controlled special production area and substitute planting area all dropped by over 40%, of late rice by 36.7%-72.1%, and the standard-reaching rates of Cd contents of both early rice and late rice obvious increased; the physical and chemical properties of soils became better; pH value of the soils increased slightly. A series of reproducible and propogable technical paths used in the heavy metal control pilot projects in Changzhutan provide valuable experience for integrated management project of polluted farmland in Hunan with World Bank loan, and are of actual significance to management, implementation and operation of technical schemes and projects. (1) In standard-reaching production area, establish service organizations with village or town as the unit, adopt recovery technologies and measures in a centralized way, including liming, water management optimization, deep ploughing, foliar fertilizer and organic fertilizer, green manure and soil conditioner (passivator and biological agent), and popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties. (2) In controlled special production area, develop emergency treatment, popularize VIP Cd reduction measures, and initiate straw removal and safe utilization pilot; popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties, maintain the original planting habits, 2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan continue to plant rice, and implement “four-special and one-enclosure” (i.e., “special varieties, special production area, special purchasing enterprise and special storage warehouse”) based on recovery and treatment of farmland polluted by heavy metals, so as to prevent food with Cd content exceeding standard from entering the market. (3) In substitute planting area, conduct crop planting structure adjustment, with the adjustment principles as follows: the Cd contents of non-food crops or edible arts of food crops shall not exceed the national allowable value; select low-Cd crop varieties including watermelon as alternative crops for planting structure adjustment. Therefore, during the development and implementation of integrated management project polluted farmland in Hunan, it’s necessary to summarize experience and lessons of previous similar projects, learn from successful experience, prepare project area address selection scheme and technical scheme, strengthen technical training for farmers in the project area, conduct monitoring of pollution source, soils, agricultural products, irrigation water, lime and organic fertilizers, avoid “simultaneous pollution and treatment” and secondary pollution, intensify supervision on the process of project implementation, launch supervision on key nodes in accordance with the project implementation plan, master such conditions as task implementation, fund utilization and progress in a timely way, establish technical measure implementation supervision teams in all project areas, and build job log and technical measure implementation supervision account, so as to ensure smooth implementation of the project. 1.3 Category and characteristics of the project Conduct environmental screening of type, position, sensitivity and scale of the project, as well as characteristics and scales of potential environmental impacts in accordance with environmental screening and classification requirements stated in Environmental Assessment of Safeguard Policies of World Bank (OP4.01), and then the project is determined as type-A. It’s necessary to provide environmental assessment results required by type-A projects, including environmental and social management framework (ESMF), Environmental and social impact (ESIA), environmental assessment summary (EA 3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Summary), pest management plan (PMP), social assessment report (SA). The objective of the project is to analyze effective data including rice, internal agricultural, external agricultural and agricultural production management in Yongxing County, conduct soil pollution risk assessment, farmland pollution source risk assessment and farmland management risk assessment by combining with actual situation in the project area, put forward corresponding risk management measures for different risk model combinations, and realize safety production of agricultural products through farmland risk control with integrated risk control management mechanism. Main contents of the project include contents of four parts, respectively the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation. 1.4 Environmental assessment method (1) Collect farmland soil status monitoring data, irrigation water quality data and surrounding pollution source (including historical pollution source and present pollution source) data in the proposed sub-project area for data arrangement and analysis; determine the proposed project areas according to the project area selection principles stated in the environmental and social management framework. (2) Determine the project implementation area after comparison of proposed project areas; select integrated management technical plan based on farmland soil pollution degrees; analyze the alternative plan from the aspects of technical maturity, construction difficulty, economic cost, acceptance level of the farmers, environmental influence and social influence. (3) Select appropriate assessment scope according to the actual conditions of the project area after the project area is determined. (4) Preliminarily analyze farmland soil pollution in the project area through field survey, data collection and analysis, public consultation and information disclosure. (5) Collect monitoring data or conduct field monitoring according to monitoring data requirements determined in the environmental assessment outline, and prepare field 4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan monitoring plan, including monitoring factor, distribution method, sampling quantity, and sampling and analysis method. (6) Conduct due diligence on heavy metal contamination within the assessment scope, including construction and operation of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste disposal facilities; check if concentration and discharge of waste gas and wastewater reach related standards, and if safety disposal is conducted for solid waste; set up environmental management organization and environmental management system. (7) Build risk model in the project area, and adopt rice standard-exceeding situation as the main assessment index of the risk model; make a comprehensive assessment of soil pollution risk, farmland pollution source risk and farmland management risk, determine different risk models for different project areas according to different risks (no risk I, low risk II, medium risk III, high risk IV, extremely high risk V), and put forward corresponding management and control measures. (8) Identify environmental impacts (including positive and negative impacts) of project activities through analysis of project activities (construction activity, agricultural activity and other activities), and put forward mitigation measures. (9) Prepare environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) of the project area; during project implementation, put forward a series of environmental influence mitigation measures, monitoring and organization construction measures, as well as environmental management, so as to eliminate or reduce adverse influence of the project on the environment; prepare plan to guarantee smooth implementation of the above measures. (10) Prepare a comprehensive pest management plan (offprint) for all project areas in the whole province, which is used to guide pest management of sub-projects. (11) Invite the public to fill in the participation questionnaires and convene field symposiums. Investigation scope of public investigation: project areas and areas which may be influenced; objects of public investigation: important stakeholders, including the residents involved in the project areas, the residents near the project areas, public figures who pay close attention to the project, public groups in the project areas including 5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan agricultural department, environmental protection department, water conservancy department, animal husbandry department, quality and technology supervision department, safety supervision department, and industrial and mining enterprises, and related experts. Conduct two rounds of public consultation and information disclosure during assessment. The first round is after screening the environmental problems and before the final determination of the environmental assessment outline; the second round is in the completion stage of first draft of environmental assessment report. 1.5 Assessment standards 1.5.1 Quality standards (1) Ambient air: level-2 stated in Quality Standards for Ambient Air (GB3095-2012) (This standard is formulated in order to protect and improve the living and ecological environments, and safeguard human health. It stipulates, implements, and supervises the function classification, standard grading, pollutant item, mean time and concentration limit, monitoring method, and data statistics of ambient air. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County implements these standards for evaluation of ambient air). (2) Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002): These standards are formulated in order to prevent water pollution, protect quality of surface water, safeguard human health, and maintain good ecosystem, and they are divided into basic items on environmental quality of surface water, supplementary items and specific items on surface water source of central drinking water system. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County implements these standards for surface water protection). Irrigation water: Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) (these standards specify the methods for implementing the requirements and standards on irrigation water quality, and sampling detection, and they are applicable to China's irrigation water with the surface water, groundwater, treated urban sewage, and the 6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan industrial wastewater that has similar quality with urban sewage as the water source. The evaluation and management of the irrigation water of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County shall be subject to this standard). (3) Acoustic environment: type-2 standards stated in Quality Standards for Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008) (This standard is formulated in order to prevent noise pollution, safeguard the acoustic environment quality for normal life, work, and study of urban and rural residents. It specifies ambient noise limits and measuring methods for 5 acoustic environment function areas. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County adopts this standard for acoustic environment quality and management). (4) Soils: level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) (This standard specifies the maximum allowable concentration index and the corresponding monitoring method for the soil pollutants according to the soil function, protect the target and soil application function, target and main properties of the soil. It is applicable to the soil in farmland, vegetable field, tea garden, orchard, pasture, woodland, and nature reserve. In the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County, the farmland soil assessment adopts the grade II standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995)). (5) Agricultural products (rice samples): National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012) (This standard specifies the limited amount index of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, chromium, nitrite, nitrate, Benzoapyrene, N- dimethylnitrosamine, PCB and 3-MCPD, and the farm produce (rice) of the farmland environmental pollution integrated management project in Yongxing County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (6) Sediments in irrigation canals: level-II standard limit values stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). If the dredging sediments fail to exceed Level-II standard, it shall be leveled and backfilled in nearest low areas with little influence on surrounding environment; if the dredging sediments fail to exceed Level-III standard but exceed Level-II standard, it may be applied to the forest land, but if 7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan the dredging sediments exceeds Level-III standard, it shall be send to the local refuse landfill for backfilling. 1.5.2 Discharge standards (1) Atmospheric pollutants: level-II stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants (GB16297-1996) (This standard specifies 33 atmospheric pollutant emissions limits and also specifies all requirements in the standard implementation process. Activities of Atmospheric Pollutants related to the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (2) Water pollutants: level-I stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Sewage (GB8978-1996) (with a view to implementing “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China” and “Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”), controlling water pollution, keeping the surface water and underground water of rivers, lakes, canals, tunnels, reservoirs and the sea in excellent condition, this standard is thus formulated, and the water pollutant emission activities involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County , Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (3) Noises: Environmental Noise Discharge Standards in Construction Site (GB 12523-2011) (With a view to implementing “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” and “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise”, controlling the building construction noise pollution, improve the sound environmental quality, this standard is thus formulated, and the noise activities during the construction period involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (4) Solid wastes: Standard for Pollution Control on Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001) (revised in 2013) (With a view to 8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan implementing “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste”, preventing and controlling the secondary pollution in the storage and disposal of the general storage and disposal of the general industrial solid waste, this standard is thus formulated, and the storage and disposal of the general storage and disposal of the general industrial solid waste (if any) involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). Pollution Control Standard of Hazardous Weaste Storage (GB18597-2001 revised in 2013): it stipulates the general requirements of hazardous waste storage, also with the packing of hazardous waste, site selection of storage facilities, operating, safety prevention, monitoring and closing. If any hazardous waste after the enterprises moved or closed in Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County, then execute the standard. Table 1-2 Standard Values of Assessment Factors Name of standard Standard value Level-2 stated in Item TSP SO2 NO-2- 3 Quality Standards for Hour average value (ug/m ) / 500 200 Ambient Air Annual average value 200 60 40 (GB3095-2012) (ug/m3) phosphorus Total Ammonia nitrogen Type-II stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard 6～9 15 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.00005 value (mg/L) phosphorus Ammonia nitrogen Total Type-III stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard 6～9 20 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 value (mg/L) Quality Standards for Item COD SS Cd Pb As Hg Cr Farmland Irrigation Standard 150 80 0.01 0.2 0.05 0.001 0.1 Water (GB5084-2005) value (mg/L) Level-II standards Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg stated in Environmental ＜6.5 ≤250 ≤30 ≤0.3 ≤250 ≤0.3 Standard quality standard for 6.5～7.5 ≤300 ≤25 ≤0.3 ≤300 ≤0.5 value (mg/L) soils (GB15618-1995) ＞7.5 ≤350 ≤20 ≤0.6 ≤350 ≤1.0 Level-III standards Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg 9 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan stated in Environmental Standard quality standard for ＞6.5 500 30 1.0 400 1.5 value (mg/kg) soils (GB15618-1995) National Standards for Total Inorganic Item Hg Cd Pb Food Safety: Limits of chromium arsenic Pollutants in Food Standard 1.0 0.2 0.02 0.2 0.2 (GB2762-2012) value (mg/L) Type-2 standards stated Item At daytime At night in Quality Standards for Acoustic Type-2 60dB(A) 50dB(A) Environment standards (GB3096-2008) level-II stated in Item PM SO2 NOX Comprehensive Standards Standard for Discharge of value 120 550 240 Atmospheric Pollutants (mg/m3) (GB16297-1996) Level-I stated in Item pH SS Petroleum Pb As Cd Cr Hg CODCr Comprehensive Standards for Concentration 6～9 70 5 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.05 100 Discharge of Sewage limit (mg/L) (GB8978-1996) 1.6 Scope of assessment 1.6.1 Screening Method (1) Include the area that may affect the project area into the assessment scope ● Identify the irrigation water source of project area, and the surrounding potential surface water, groundwater and air pollution sources, including the industrial and mining enterprises involving discharge of heavy metals in upstream of project area, tailings pond, remaining historical pollution source, and slag heap, etc., and determine the areas that may affect the Project, and include them into the assessment scope. ● Heavy metal pollution brought by agricultural productions, such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and agricultural wastes. ● The upstream tailings pond sharing the same surface water system with project area should be included into assessment scope. ● The mountain pond and reservoir as irrigation water source of project area, as well as the upstream reservoir, river, and sediment in mountain pond shall be included into the assessment scope. (2) Include the area that may be affected by project activities into the assessment 10 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan scope Identify the project construction activity, agricultural activity (such as applying lime and organic fertilizer) and other project activity, and determine the positive or negative influence area that they may cause, and include such area into the assessment scope. 1.6.2 Screening results According to identification results and actual condition of the project area, the assessment scope of the project is as follows: Refer to Figure 1-1: ⑴ Shihu project area The possible influence areas within the project will be included in the scope of evaluation: irrigation water source Laowu reservoir (about 1km to the Northwest of Shihu project area), pollution-holding water body Shihu river and Huangni industrial park with possible influence (about 500m to Southwest of Shihu project area, the park closed in 2013 and 2015, no residue on site, waste water has been transported to Yuantai Company for treatment), agricultural productive activities, such as the service condition of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, generation and treatment of agricultural waste; construction activities, agricultural activities (eg. Liming, organic fertilizer) and other possible influence areas will be included in the scope of evaluation, including peripheral village, school and forest land, refuse landfill, recycling bin of agricultural products package, sweet orange planting base, standard exceeding grain purchasing company, mainly in Shihu village, Quanxi village, Huangni Branch of Chaoyang Experimental Elemental School and Huangni forest land, Yongxing refuse landfill, Yongxing agricultural materials recycle bin, Yongxing Yongsheng sweet orange planting base and Hunan Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd. ⑵ Muzitang project area The possible influence areas within the project will be included in the scope of evaluation: irrigation water source Yapolong reservoir (about 1km to the Northwest of Muzitang project area), pollution-holding water body Shihu river and Huangni industrial park with possible influence (about 400m to Northwest of Muzitang project area, the park 11 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan closed in 2013 and 2015, no residue on site, waste water has been transported to Yuantai Company for treatment), agricultural productive activities, such as the service condition of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, generation and treatment of agricultural waste; construction activities, agricultural activities (eg. Liming, organic fertilizer) and other possible impact areas will be included in the scope of evaluation, including peripheral village, school and forest land, refuse landfill, recycling bin of agricultural products package, sweet orange planting base, standard exceeding grain purchasing company, mainly in Muzitang village, Dongze village, Huangni Middle School, Huangni Shihu Elementary School and Huangni forest land, Yongxing refuse landfill, Yongxing agricultural materials recycle bin, Yongxing Yongsheng sweet orange planting base and Hunan Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd. ⑶ Changlu project area The possible influence areas within the project will be included in the scope of evaluation: irrigation water source Gaoling and Yangjiachong reservoir (about 1km to Changlu project area), pollution-holding water body Bianjiang and Datouchong reservoir with possible influence (upstream of project area), Yongxing Shunxing Nonferrious Metal Co., Ltd (located in Wuni village in Changlu village, closed on the end of 2013, no residue on site, waste water has been transported to Yuantai Company for treatment), agricultural productive activities, such as the service condition of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, generation and treatment of agricultural waste; construction activities, agricultural activities (eg. Liming, organic fertilizer) and other possible influence areas will be included in the scope of evaluation, including peripheral village, school kindergarten and forest land, refuse landfill, recycling bin of agricultural products package, sweet orange planting base, standard exceed grain purchasing company, mainly in Wuni village, Jinli village, Wuni complete elementary school, Jinli elementary School, Bitang Xinxin Kindergarden and Huangni forest land, Yongxing refuse landfill, Yongxing agricultural materials recycle bin, Longwangling Longshen sweet orange planting base and Hunan Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd. ⑷ Songbai project area 12 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan The possible influence areas within the project will be included in the scope of evaluation: irrigation water source and pollution-holding water body west river and Zhengjiachong reservoir (upstream on project area), Yongxing Ruijing Smelting Factory (located in Songbai village in Songbai project area, which will move to Bolin industrial park at the end of 2017 and close the existing site, waste water has been transported to Yuantai Company for treatment, residue transported to Bolin industrial park for recycling), agricultural productive activities, such as the service condition of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, generation and treatment of agricultural waste; construction activities, agricultural activities (eg. Liming, organic fertilizer) and other possible influence areas will be included in the scope of evaluation, including peripheral village, school and forest land, refuse landfill, recycling bin of agricultural products package, sweet orange planting base, standard exceed grain purchasing company, mainly in Songbai village, Xiangyindu Central Elemental School and Huangni forest land, Yongxing refuse landfill, Yongxing agricultural materials recycle bin, Yongxing Qianjin sweet orange planting base and Hunan Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd. 1.7 Environmental and social sensitive sites According to the field investigation of the project areas, the environmental and social sensitive sites of the project are shown in Table 1-2 and Figures 1-1~1-5. 13 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 1-2 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Pollutant-carrying water Tributary of the Bianjiang River, body in Shihu project area; originating from Yuntou Bridge river length: 20km; basin Shihu River and flowing into Bianjiang River area: 107 km2; slope: in Yongxing Xiangyong Coal 2.3‰; natural head: 46m; Mine Surface average flow: 2.8m3/s water Irrigation water source of Shihu project area, originating from Dam height: 18m; total Laowu Yangchong Village, Huangni storage capacity: 3.16 Reservoir Town, with a straight-line million m3 distance of 1km from Shihu project area Atmospheric environment and acoustic environment Mainly for people Shihu influenced by civil works, Village about 4 households Area of treated farmland in Shihu project area: 243.06 hectaress Mainly for people Quantian influenced by civil works, Village about 6 households Shihu project 1 Reman Switch to grow 8 hectares of area Shihu ufactur 41.33 hectares sweet orange, and 33.33 village e hectares of rape-sorghum Huangni Branch of About 800 teachers and In Shihu Village of Shihu project Chaoyang Experimental students area Primary School Huangni Industrial Park is about 500m downstream of Shihu project area in the southwest direction. At present, there are 6 enterprises in the park, i.e., Xintai Silver Co., Ltd, Deweixin Nonferrous Metal Co., Ltd, Shunda Smelting Plant, Yongxin Huangni Industrial Park Silver Co., Ltd and Rongsheng Fuli Co., Ltd in Yongxing County, and Huiyuan NanoST Co., Ltd. in Chenzhou City. The government will close the above enterprises and clean the pollution sources at the end of 2016 to eliminate residual heavy metal contamination. Growing 1,000 mu Yongxing Yongsheng scope of sweet orange Straw will be moved to sweet orange planting and treating 20 Yongshui Villiage, Huangni base thousand tons straw per Town year 14 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Hunan Miluochun exceeding standard grain Wine Brewing Co., / (with cadmium >0.2mg/k) Ltd. purchasing company Located in suburban village, Chengguan town, accepting the content of heavy metal Covered by about 200 Yongxing refuse exceeds in residue, irrigation mu with capacity of landfill channel dredging sediment to 200 tons/day be more than Level III of Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-1995). Used for accepting irrigation channel dredging sediment with heavy metal content Forest land in Covered by 140 exceeding Level II of Soil Huangni Town thousand mu Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-1995), but it meets Level III. Agricultural inputs Yongxing agricultural packaging materials materials recycle / recycling, located in county station seat of Yongxing 15 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 1-2 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Yongxing County (continued) No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Pollutant-carrying water body Tributary of the in Shihu project area; river Bianjiang River, Shihu length: 20km; basin area: originating from Yuntou River 107m2; slope: 2.3‰; natural Bridge and flowing into head: 46m; average flow: the Bianjiang River in Surface 2.8m3/s Xiangyong coal mine water Irrigation water source of Muzitang project area, Yapolong Dam height: 18m; total storage situated in Wen Village, Reservoir capacity: 1.21 million m3 with a straight-line distance of 1km from Muzitang project area Mainly for people influenced Atmospheric environment and acoustic Muzitang by civil works, about 5 Village Area of treated farmland households in Muzitang project area: 226.67 hectares Mainly for people influenced Dongze environment by civil works, about 5 Village households Huangni A total of 511 teachers and Muzitang project area Middle students. School Located in Muzitang Huangni Village in Muzitang 2 A total of 1,012 teachers and Project Area Shihu students Elementar y School Switch to grow 13.33 hectares of sweet Remanuf Muzitang 26.67 hectares oranges and 13.34 acture Village hectaress of plants and flowers Switch to plant 6.66 hectares of Remanuf Dongze 20 hectares rape-sorghum, 13.34 acture Village hectares of plants and flowers 500m away from Southwest of Shihu project area, closed in Huangni Industrial 2013 and 2015, no / Park residue at site, waste water has been transported to Yuantai Company for treatment 16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Yongxing Yongsheng Growing1000 mu’ scope of straw will be moved to Sweet Orange sweet orange and treating 20 Yongshui Village, Planting Base thousand tons straw per year Huangni Town Exceeding standard Hunan Miluochun grain (with Wine Brewing Co., / cadmium >0.2mg/k) Ltd. purchasing company Located in suburban village, Chengguan Town, accepting the content of heavy metal exceeds in residue, Yongxing refuse Covered by about 200 mu with irrigation channel landfill capacity of 200 tons/day dredging sediment to be more than Level-III of Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-1995). Used for accepting irrigation channel dredging sediment with heavy metal content Forest land in Covered by 140 thousand mu exceeding Level II of Huangni town “Soil Environmental Quality Standard” (GB15618-1995), but it meets Level-III. Agricultural inputs Yongxing agricultural packaging materials materials recycle / recycling, located in station county seat of Yongxing 17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 1-2 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Yongxing County (Continued) No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Middle stream of Leishui tributary in the Xiangjiang Pollutant-carrying water body River water system, Bianjiang in Changlu project area; river originating from River length: 43.5km; river width: Huangdong Village and 100-200m; slope: 0.32‰ flowing through the east part of Bitang Village Surface Dam height: 71m; total Gaoling Irrigation water source of water storage capacity: 0.28 million Reservoir 3 Changlu project area m Yangjiac Dam height: 17.5m; total Irrigation water source of hong storage capacity: 2.52 million 3 Changlu project area Reservoir m Datoucho Dam height: 12m; total In Tielu Village of ng storage capacity: 120 Bianjiang Town, upstream Reservoir thousand m3 of the project Mainly for people influenced Atmospheric environment and acoustic Wuni by civil works, about 5 Village households environment Mainly for people influenced Jinli Area of treated farmland in by civil works, about 4 Village Changlu project area: households Changlu project area 412.67 hectares Bitang 3 Xinxin A total of 120 teachers and Kinderga students rten Closed at the end of 2013, Yongxing Shunxing no residue at site, waste Nonferrous Metal / water has been transported Co., Ltd. to Yuantai Company for treatment Longwangling Growing 3,600 mu’ scope of Straw will be moved to Shenlong Sweet sweet orange and treating 72 Tongyi Villiage, Bianjiang Orange Base thousand tons straw per year Town Hunan Miluochun Exceeding standard grain Wine Brewing Co., / (with cadmium >0.2mg/k) Ltd. purchasing company Located in suburban village, Chengguan Town, accepting the content of Yongxing refuse Covered by about 200 mu heavy metal exceeds in landfill with capacity of 200 tons/day residue, irrigation channel dredging sediment to be more than Level-III of 18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan “Soil Environmental Quality Standard” (GB15618-1995). Used for accepting irrigation channel dredging sediment with heavy metal Forest land in content exceeding level II Covered by 180 thousand mu Bianjiang town of “Soil Environmental Quality Standard” (GB15618-1995), but it meets Level-III. Agricultural inputs Yongxing agricultural packaging materials materials recycle / recycling, located in county station seat of Yongxing Jinli Primary School 30 teachers and students In Jinli Village About 400 teachers and Wuni Primary School students In Wuni Village Bitang Xinxin 120 teachers and students Kindergarten 500m upstream of Shunxing Nonferrous farmlands in Wuni Village, Metal Co., Ltd. of closed at the end of 2013 Yongxing County without residual waste residues Irrigation water source of Songbai project area, River length: 136km; basin largest tributary of Xihe area: 2,037m2; slope: 1.9‰; Bianjiang River, River natural head: 240m; average originating from Hougu Surface flow: 42m3/s Mountain and flowing into water the Bianjiang River in estuary of Shangxi River Zhengjia Dam height: 28m; total In Songbai Village of chong storage capacity: 1.15 million Bianjiang Town, upstream Songbai project area reservoir m3 of the project area Atmosph eric 4 environm Mainly for people influenced Area of treated farmland in Songbai ent and by civil works, about 8 Songbai Village: 161.67 Village acoustic households hectares environm ent Xiangyindu Town In Songbai Village of Central Primary 1,334 teachers and students Songbai project area School Downstream of Xihe River Ruijing Smelting of Songbai project area, Plant of Yongxing about 5km from the project County area; it will be closed at the end of 2016. 19 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 1-2 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Yongxing County (Continued) 序号 名称 保护类别 规模 备注 全长 136 公里，流域面 松柏项目区灌溉水源，便江的 积 2037 平方公里，坡降 最大支流，发源于北湖区后鼓 西河 1.9‰，自然落差 240 米， 山，在塘门口镇上西河口汇入 地表水 平均流量 42m3/s 便江 郑家冲水 坝高 28m，总库容 115 位于便江镇松柏村，项目区上 3 库 万m 游 主要为受土建活动影响 松柏村治理农田面积 161.67 公 大气环 松柏村 的人群，约 8 户 顷 境、声环 湘阴渡镇 境 共有师生 1334 人 位于松柏项目区松柏村 中心小学 Switch to plant 40 hectares of Remanuf Songbai 53.33 hectares rape-sorghum, 13.33 hectares of acture Village plants and flowers Located in Songbai Village in Songbai project area, it will be Staff of 68, as required moved to Bolin Industrial Park by government, must be before the end of 2017 and the Yongxing Ruijing moved at the end of existing factory will be closed, Songb Smelting Factory 2016, but for various waste water has been ai causes, it has changed to transported to Yongxing Yuantai 4 project 2017 Company for treatment, residue area transported to Bolin Industrial Park for recycling Growing 500 mu sweet Yongxing Qianjin orange and treating 10 Straw will be moved to Youtang Sweet Orange thousand tons straw per Village, Bianjiang Town Planting base year Hunan Miluochun Exceeding standard grain (with Wine Brewing Co., / cadmium >0.5mg/kg) Ltd. purchasing company Located in suburban village, Chengguan town, accepted the content of heavy metal exceeds covered by about 200 mu Yongxing refuse in residue, irrigation channel with capacity of 200 landfill dredging sediment to be more tons/day than Level-III of “Soil Environmental Quality Standard” (GB15618-1995). Forest land in Covered by 180 thousand Used for accepting irrigation Bianjiang town mu channel dredging sediment with 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan heavy metal content exceeding Level II of “Soil Environmental Quality Standard” (GB15618-1995), but it meets Level-III. Agricultural inputs packaging Yongxing agricultural / materials recycling, located in materials recycle bin county seat of Yongxing 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Figure 1-1 Map of Yongxing County Project Area Location and Enterprises Involved with Heavy Metal Pollution, Distribution of Environment Sensitive Points and Evaluation Scope 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Figure 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Shihu Project Area 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Figure 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Muzitang Project Area 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Figure 1-4 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Changlu Project Area 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Figure 1-5 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Songbai Project Area 26 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Chapter 2 Framework of laws and regulations 2.1 Legal and regulatory framework (1) Relevant national laws, regulations, and policies Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (revised in 2004): The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that all ethnic groups in the People’s Republic of China are equal. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the ethnic minorities and upholds and develops a relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of China’s nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or instigates division is prohibited. The state assists areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in accelerating their economic and cultural development according to the characteristics and needs of the various ethnic minorities. Regional autonomy is practiced, autonomous organ is set up, and the power of autonomy is exercised in the areas where people of ethnic minorities live in compact communities. All national autonomous areas are integral parts of the People's Republic of China. All nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, as well as the freedom to preserve or reform their own customs. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall strictly obey the regulations of the Constitution on equality of nationality, fully respect the cultural custom, religious belief, spoken and written languages of ethnic minority regions, and promote the social and economic development in ethnic minority regions. Law of People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy (implemented on October 1, 1984): Regional national autonomy means that the ethnic minorities, under unified state leadership, practice regional autonomy in areas where they live in concentrated communities and set up organs of self-government for the exercise of the power of autonomy. Regional national autonomy embodies the State’s full respect for and guarantee of the right of the ethnic minorities to administer their internal affairs and its adherence to the principle of equality, unity and common prosperity for all the nationalities. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall fully respect the ethnic minorities’ right of autonomy instead of interfering in their internal affairs. 27 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Law of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 2015): The regulations on environmental protection of this law, which shall be observed by the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, in order to protect and improve the environment, prevent pollution and other public hazards, safeguard public health, advance ecological civilization construction, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (implemented on June 1, 2008): The regulations formulated, in order to prevent water pollution, protect and improve environment, guarantee safety of drinking water, and promote the all-round and harmonious sustainable development of economy and society. Applicable to prevention and control of surface water and ground water pollution in rivers, lakes, canals, channels, and reservoirs within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of water pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (implemented on January 1, 2016): This law specifies the supervision system and main legal system for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, main measures and legal liabilities for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution caused by combustion, emission pollution of motor vehicles and ships, and waste gas, dust and odor pollutions. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution (implemented on April 1, 2005): Applicable to prevention and control of the environment polluted by solid waste within the People's Republic of China, in order to prevent the environment from being polluted by solid waste, safeguard human health, maintain ecological security, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of solid waste. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental 28 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Noise Pollution (implemented on March 1, 1997): Applicable to prevention and control of environmental noise pollution within the People's Republic of China, in order to prevent the environmental noise pollution, protect and improve the living environment, safeguard human health, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of environmental noise pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental Effects (implemented on September 1, 2003): To analyze, forecast, and evaluate the possible environmental impacts after implementation of planning and construction project, and propose the countermeasures to prevent or ease the adverse environmental impacts, as well as the method and system for tracking monitoring, this law stipulates that construction of projects that have environmental impact within the territory of the People’s Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China shall be subject to environmental impact assessment according to this law. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall evaluate the environmental impacts in accordance with this law. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Preservation of Antiques (October 2002): In order to strengthen regulations on protection of cultural relics, this law stipulates that within the scope of protection and the area for construction control of a protected historical and cultural site, no facility that pollutes the site and the environment thereof shall be constructed, neither any activity that may affect the safety and environment of that site shall be carried out. The already polluted historical and cultural site and its environmental facilities shall be controlled in a time limit. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on preservation of antiques. Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 1995): formulated in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of laborers, adjust labor relationships, establish and safeguard a labor system suited to the socialist market economy, and promote economic development and social progress. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on protection of 29 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan employees’ rights and interests. Labor Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 2008): formulated in order to improve the labor contract system, specify the rights and obligations of the parties to the labor contract, protect the legal rights and interests of employees, build and develop the harmonious and stable labor relations. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on employees labor contract. Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Employment (implemented on January 1, 2008): enacted in order to promote employment, coordination between economic development and employment increase, and harmony and stability of society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on employment training, etc. The Social Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on July 1, 2011): formulated for the purposes of regulating social insurance relationship, protecting the legal rights and interests of citizens in participating in social insurance and enjoying social insurance benefits, enabling citizens to share the development achievements and promoting social harmony and stability. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on social insurance. Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland of People’s Republic of China (December 27, 1998): Primary purpose of delimiting protection areas of basic farmlands is to implement special protection of basic farmlands, so as to meet needs of China's future population and national economic development for agricultural products, and guarantee the sustainable, stable and rapid development of agricultural production and even national economy. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land may need to occupy basic farmlands, and shall observe the regulations of this law on protection of basic farmlands, if the protection areas of basic farmlands can't be avoided. The 13th Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority Undertakings (implemented in November 2016): this plan is made by combining the actual situation of ethnic minorities in Hunan Province and minority areas, in order to achieve the strategic target of building a moderately 30 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan prosperous society. According to the work ideas of "develop with project leading, work with project implementation, and plan with project supporting", this plan proposes 12 categories, 66 key construction projects, and policy measures in 8 aspects, including finance and taxation, finance, investment, land, ecology, industry, talent, and counterpart assistance. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall be fully combined with the 13th Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority Undertakings of Hunan Province to implement the mutual promotion. Regulation on the Implementation of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (Decree No. 256 of the State Council) (implemented on December 27, 1998):Article 47 stipulates that for expropriating land, the compensation shall be made according to the original purposes of the land expropriated. Compensation fees for land expropriated include land compensation fees, resettlement fees and compensation for attachments to or green crops on the land. The current land expropriation compensation system is determined in accordance with Article 47 of the Land Administration Law. If the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land involves land expropriation compensation, the specific standards for compensation and settlement shall be formulated in accordance with Article 47 of the Land Administration Law. The State Council’s Decision on Deepening Reform and Managing Strictly Land (GF [2004] No. 28) (implemented on October 21, 2004) further specifies that the procedure for approval and compensation of basic farmland expropriation shall be rigorously enforced, and the expropriation compensation shall be implemented according to the legal highest standard for approval of the basic farmland occupation. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall follow the procedure stipulated by this law for approval and compensation of basic farmland expropriation. Guidance on Improving the System for Land Expropriation Compensation and Settlement (GTZF [2004] No. 238) (implemented on November 3, 2004): Formulated for the purposes of rational use of land, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the land-expropriated farmers, this law develops and improves the expropriation compensation standard, approaches of resettlement of land-expropriated farmers, expropriation working 31 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan procedure, and expropriation implementation and supervision. Involving the guiding work for land expropriation and resettlement, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to obey the compensation and resettlement stipulated by this law. Measures for Announcement of Land Expropriation (Decree No. 10 of Ministry of Land Resources) (implemented on January 1, 2002): These measures are formulated in order to standardize the announcement of land requisition, protect the legal rights and interests of rural collective economic organizations, villagers or other obligees. These measures stipulate that if farmers' collectively owned land is expropriated, the land expropriation scheme and compensation shall be announced in written form within the village and group where the expropriated land locates. The land-expropriated rural collective economic organizations, villagers or other obligees may have different opinions on land expropriation compensation and resettlement scheme, or have the right to hold a hearing. In accordance with these measures, the land expropriation compensation and resettlement scheme involved by the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land belong to announcement and need to be announced and accept the social supervision. Notice of Ministry of Land Resources and Ministry of Agriculture on Improving Facilities and Farmland Management (GTZF [2010] No. 155 Document) (implemented on September 30, 2010): This law is formulated in order to solve the prominent problems in land expropriation, such as low compensation standard, one land different price, and high randomness. It specifies all links, such as calculation method, organization and implementation steps of land expropriation expenses, and provides the clear, specific, and feasible guiding basis for calculation of land expropriation compensation expense. Therefore, it can be implemented in accordance with this law, when the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to formulate and calculate the unified annual output standard and area's comprehensive land price for land expropriation. National Soil Pollution Investigation Bulletin (issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection, and Ministry of Land Resources on April 17, 2014): From April 2005 to December 2013, China conducted the first survey of national soil pollution status and basically mastered the overall status of national soil environment quality. The National Soil 32 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Pollution Investigation Bulletin was published according to the survey results, and its grading method of heavy metal pollution degree was cited in the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land as the pollution grading method of heavy metals except cadmium. Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (issued by the State Council, May 31, 2016): This action plan is made in order to strengthen prevention and control of soil pollution, and gradually improve soil environment quality, and it can serve as the reference for Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land to formulate the management measures for polluted farmlands. (2) Standards Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995): This standard stipulates the index value of maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in soil and corresponding monitoring method, according to soil applications, protection objects, and main properties of soil. It is applicable to the soil in farmland, vegetable field, tea garden, orchard, pasture, woodland, and nature reserve. In the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, the farmland soil assessment adopts the grade II standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995), canal desilting adopts the grade III standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995). Without exceeding the grade III standard, the dredging sediments can be applied to woodland; otherwise, they shall be sent to the local landfill for landfill. Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002): These standards are formulated in order to prevent water pollution, protect quality of surface water, safeguard human health, and maintain good ecosystem, and they are divided into basic items on environmental quality of surface water, supplementary items and specific items on surface water source of central drinking water system. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land strictly implements these standards for surface water protection. Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005): these standards specify the methods for implementing the requirements and standards on irrigation water quality, and 33 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan sampling detection, and they are applicable to China's irrigation water with the surface water, groundwater, treated urban sewage, and the industrial wastewater that has similar quality with urban sewage as the water source. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land strictly implements these for evaluation and management of the irrigation water. Quality standard for ground water (GB/T14848-1993): This standard is formulated in order to protect and develop the groundwater resources reasonably, prevent and control pollution of ground water, safeguard human health, and promote economic development, and it stipulates the quality classification, quality inspection, evaluation method, and quality protection of ground water. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for evaluation of ground water. Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-2012): This standard is formulated in order to protect and improve the living and ecological environments, and safeguard human health. It stipulates, implements, and supervises the function classification, standard grading, pollutant item, mean time and concentration limit, monitoring method, and data statistics of ambient air. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for evaluation of ambient air. Environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008): This standard is formulated in order to prevent noise pollution, safeguard the acoustic environment quality for normal life, work, and study of urban and rural residents. It specifies ambient noise limits and measuring methods for 5 acoustic environment function areas. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for acoustic environment quality and management. Integrated emission standard of air pollutants (GB12697-1996): This standard specifies the emission limit of 33 air pollutants, as well as various requirements during implementation of the standard. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to implement this standard for the activities involving discharge of air pollutants. Standards for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes (GB 18599-2001): this standard is formulated in order to prevent and control the 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan secondary pollution of general industrial solid waste in storage and disposal site. It specifies the location, design, operating management, closing and sealing, pollution control and monitoring of general industrial solid waste's storage and disposal site. Involving the storage and disposal of general industrial solid waste, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall implement this standard. Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001 2013 Revision): this standard is formulated in order to prevent the environmental pollution during storage of hazardous wastes, and strengthen the supervision and management of hazardous wastes storage. It specifies the general requirements on storage of hazardous wastes, as well as the requirements on location design, operation, running, safety protection, monitoring and closure of packing and storage facilities of hazardous wastes. If hazardous wastes are involved in relocation or closure of the enterprises in the area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, this standard shall be implemented. (3) Relevant policies of Hunan Province Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Hunan Province: In Chapter 12, it proposes to speed up the agricultural modernization and improve the agricultural product quality safety system, and it specifies implementing differentiated land management policies, scientifically determining various land scales, and strictly controlling the land use. For different main functional area, different total pollutant discharge control and environmental standard are implemented. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to be included into the development objectives of "The 13th Five-year Plan" of Hunan Province, for performance assessment. Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan Province on Adjusting the Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation of Hunan Province (XZF [2012] No. 46) (December 18, 2012): This law is formulated in order to further standardize the land expropriation compensation of Hunan Province, and safeguard the legal rights and interests of land-expropriated rural collective economic organizations and farmers. This law stipulates that the land expropriation compensation standard includes both land compensation and resettlement compensation. Collective land for construction, rural roads, ponds and other 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan agricultural land shall be expropriated in accordance with the local compensation standard for land expropriation. As stipulated by the above law, involving expropriation of farmland, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall give land compensation and resettlement subsidy to the one with land expropriated, in accordance with the local compensation standard for land expropriation. Several Preferential Policies of the People’s Government of Hunan Province on Accelerating the Social and Economic Development of Ethnic Minorities and Ethnic Regions (April 25, 2000): These policies are preferential policies formulated in order to speed up the economic development and social progress of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions; increase investment efforts in ethnic regions; accelerate construction of transportation, electric power, and communication in ethnic regions; alleviate poverty in ethnic regions through development; introduce preferential fiscal and taxation policies in ethnic regions; increase special ethnic fund; speed up agricultural development of ethnic regions; continue the grain for green and differential subsidy for grain; support ethnic regions to accelerate construction of small towns; strongly support adjustment of the industrial structure in ethnic regions, and speed up reform, reorganization, and restructuring of enterprises; implement national and provincial preferential policies on ethnic trade and fixed manufacturer of ethnic articles; help ethnic regions to speed up technology progress; cultivate and introduce various talents. If the area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land involves the implementation of EMP item points, policy advantages shall be fully taken to realize the social and economic development of ethnic regions. 36 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan 2.2 World Bank's safeguard policies and compliance analysis The World Bank formulates ten safeguard policies in social and environmental aspects. Identify whether the ten policies are involved according to the project nature, determined assessment scope and field investigation, with results shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Analysis of Compliance of WB Safeguard Policies Involved in the Project If No. Safeguard policies Compliance applicable The project is designed to demonstrate a risk-based integrated approach to managing agricultural land contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants for safe agricultural production in selected counties in Hunan. This project aims to demonstrate the risk-based approach to managing contaminated farmlands, and thus has significant positive environmental OP/BP 4.01 and social benefits. The impacts mainly the construction related activities during the construction of the small civil works 1 Environmental Yes such as irrigation canals on the farmland, however, the heavy metal pollution sources could be significant to the environment Assessment and community health if not well managed. If agricultural products contaminated with heavy metals in the project area inflow to the market, it will have a negative impact on society and will lead to food safety issues. Therefore, the project is classified as Category A as per OP4.01 Environmental Assessment. OP/BP 4.04 2 The project is mainly a farming area with frequent human activities. There is no natural habitat here. No Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.36 The policy is not used. The project will not support major changes or degradation activities of important forest regions or 3 No Forests related important natural habitats determined by the policy. The project will support sustainable soil management practice to restore and maintain the soil quality, including chemical management. Therefore, Pest Management (OP/BP4. 09) is used in the project. It’s necessary to prepare a pest management plan (PMP), which puts forward pest control and management method, and stresses the method of integrated pest OP/BP4.09 4 management and recommends application scopes under various conditions, and provides a list of fertilizers, insecticides and Yes Pest Management herbicides conforming to category requirements recommended by the World Health Organization according to the project demands. PMP should also include training and monitoring scheme for project stakeholders, with implementation of training and monitoring scheme included in the project budget. OP/BP 4.11 There is no cultural relics protection unit in the project area. No occupation or removal of graves is involved; however, it’s 5 Physical Cultural No necessary to adopt Disposal Procedures of Cultural Relics. Resources OP/BP 4.37 The project construction involves flooding irrigation, and water source reservoir dam, including irrigation water source 6 Yes Safety of Dams Laowu Reservoir, Yapolong Reservoir, Gaoling Reservoir, Yangjiachong Reservoir, Qingshanlong Reservoir, Datouchong 37 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Reservoir, Zhengjiachong Reservoir and Weizha Dam. It triggers Safety of Dam Guarantee Policy (OP/BP4.37) of the World Bank. The dam safety is completed by the hired dam safety experts. OP/BP4. 10 This project does not apply to the World Bank's definition of ethnic minorities and does not trigger the Bank's policy on 7 No Aboriginal People ethnic minorities. OP/BP4. 12 The majority of civil construction activities in the project villages do not require land acquisition or demolition, and do not 8 Involuntary No involve involuntary resettlement. Resettlement OP/BP7.50 9 Projects in International The policy is not used; there is no international watercourse involved in the project area. No Waterways OP/BP 7.60 10 Project in Disputed The policy is not used; there is no disputed area involved in the project area. No Areas According to the above identification results, the applicable safeguard policies are as follows: ⑴Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01); ⑵Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Safety of Dam (OP/BP 4.37); ⑶Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09). 38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan 2.3 Analysis of difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank’s safeguard policies (1) Difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank's safeguard policies  OP/BP4. 01 Environmental Assessment (EA) Generally speaking, World Bank's requirements on project's EA are basically consistent with China's requirements on EA, but differ a little in some emphasis points and procedure contents. Word Bank has stricter regulations and requirements than domestic ones, while China has its own features in EA. Firstly, the classification method differs. China's Directory of EA Classification and Management specifies the quantitative index thresholds, so as to determine whether the project needs the EA report/table. EA report is subdivided into 3 job classes. World Bank adopts the qualitative classification standard, where experts judge and divide into Class A, B, C projects according to EA policies. Class A and B projects are basically the same in EA contents, unlike China, where the EA scope, period, content, and method are specified after job class is divided further. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land belongs to Class A project, so EA shall be performed in accordance with World Bank's requirements on Class A project. Secondly, the area of influence and range of assessment may differ with projects. World Bank pays simultaneous attention to the impacts and possible impacts of the project. Therefore, when making EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, possible impacts of this project on environment shall be fully considered, and the prepared prevention, mitigation or compensation measures for adverse environmental impacts shall be listed in EA. Thirdly, EA tools differ. China has the planning environmental assessment (EA), EA report, and EA report form, while the World Bank has the strategic EA, regional EA, ESIA, ESMP, EMP, ESMP, ESMF, ECOP, and assessment of hazards and risks involved in due diligence. For the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan ESMF and ESIA have been prepared, and ESIA includes the ESMP and ECOP. Fourthly, when judging environmental impacts of the project, apart from considering the project type, scale, place, and sensitivity, the World Bank has to consider its social impacts comprehensively, closely combine EA and SA (social assessment), however domestic project often makes SA independently. Therefore, when making EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, the social impacts brought by project activities shall be identified fully, and corresponding mitigation measures shall be proposed. Fifthly, public participation. World Bank attaches great importance to information disclosure and public participation. Class A project requires public consultation for at least twice: after completion of EA outline and first draft of EA, In China, EA of project also requires public consultation for twice: after determination of EA presiding unit and completion of first draft of EA report. Therefore, public participation of project shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures of the World Bank, during EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land. Sixthly, associated projects. World Bank requires the due diligence, impact analysis, and proposing measures for the items or facilities affected by this project or affecting this project. During EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, due diligence shall be conducted to the pollution source that affects this project area, and measures shall be taken to mitigate the impacts. Seventhly, World Bank has EHS guidelines for safety and health, while China has independent safety evaluation. Therefore, Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to introduce the applicable measures for EHS guidelines into this project. Eighthly, analyze the alternative schemes. Generally, China's EA requires no comparison or analysis of various schemes for the project. Although the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Assessment requires analysis of alternative schemes for grade I projects, generally EA only demonstrates the rationality of the scheme selected 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan through feasibility study in practice. World Bank requires analysis of alternative schemes for EA of Class A project and it requires the systematic comparison of different scheme's impacts on environment, feasibility of easing these impacts, investment and operating costs for mitigation measures, fitness to local conditions, and requirements on training and monitoring. These alternative schemes may be different construction place, different type of process, raw material, operating conditions, and mitigation measures. ESMF of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land has compared the project county, project area, and with and without project, to provide scientific basis for project decision. Ninthly, EMP and ESMP lay special emphasis on implementation of measures, supervision during project implementation is required in special chapters of ESIA and EIA, while strengthening measure supervision during project implementation is proposed in the latest domestic technical standard, coinciding more and more with World Bank policies.  OP/BP 4. 04 Natural Habitats The World Bank supports the protection, maintenance, and restoration of the natural habitat and its functions, and expects the debtor to take defensive measures in management of natural resources, to ensure the sustainable development of the environment. If the project includes a natural habitat, relevant environmental experts shall be arranged to participate in stages of project preparation, evaluation, and inspection, to ensure to formulate and implement the sufficient mitigation measures. The World Bank won't support the project that causes great transformation or degeneration to critical natural habitats. China has issued the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Nature Reserves, Regulations on Management of Land in Nature Reserves, Regulations Of the People's Republic Of China on Wild Plants Protection, which don't support the project that causes great transformation or degeneration to critical natural habitats either. The area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land is mainly cultivation area that has frequent human activities and involves no natural habitat.  OP/BP 4. 36 Forests 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Forestry factors are considered by the World Bank in order to reduce excessive deforestation, improve environmental construction of forest, propagate afforestation, alleviate poverty, and encourage economic development. The World Bank won't provide funds for felling trade or purchase of tools made of primary tropical rain forest. The bank's lending behavior in forestry is based on government commitment, to ensure the forest management and directional protection. Similarly, Chinese government has implemented protection policies for forestry and formulated the Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China to strictly forbid logging of natural forest and virgin forest, propagate afforestation. Besides, it has formulated and implemented multiple forestry ecological projects and plans, and planted trees vigorously to protect the ecological environment.  OP/BP 4. 09 Pest Management When helping the debtor to prevent and control the pest that affects agricultural or public health, the World Bank advocates and supports this strategy: popularize the biological or environmental control method, and reduce dependence on chemical synthesis pesticides. Among the projects subsidized by World Bank, the debtor studies the problems on pest management through EA of this project. When evaluating the project involving pest management, the World Bank will evaluate the legal and regulatory framework of this state and the capability of the organization, to see whether they can promote and support the safe and effective pest management that benefits the environment. When necessary, the World Bank and the debtor will include relevant contents into the project components to strengthen such capability. In order to boost the specialized uniform prevention and control of crop pest, the pest management policy of the World Bank is striving to prevent the use of and the exposure to dangerous pesticide and the World Bank won't finance any product that is listed by WHO as IA or IB product or belongs to Class II product. Chinese government has formulated the Regulations on Specialized Uniform Prevention and Control of Crop Pest, to advocate supports of the organization that develops the specialized uniform prevention and control of crop pest, standardize the service behaviors of specialized uniform prevention and control, improve the pest prevention and control 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan capability of crops, guarantee the safety of food, agricultural products, and ecological environment. Meanwhile, Chinese government has also published the list of high-toxic pesticides expressly prohibited by the state to use on vegetables, fruit trees, tea leaves, and Chinese herbal medicines. The World Bank and China have consistent requirements on pest management.  OP/BP 4. 11 Physical Cultural Resources Compared with China, World Bank has wider identification scope of physical cultural resources, for instance, the ancestral temple, ancient wells, and old houses which are not listed into domestic protection scope may be listed by the World Bank into the protection scope, but both are consistent in principle and management of cultural relics. Therefore, when we make EA of the World Bank's projects, we shall define the World Bank's policies and cultural resources more clearly, and take corresponding protective measures for projects involving physical cultural resources.  OP/BP 4. 37 Safety of Dams The World Bank pays attention to safety of its financed new dam, and the built dam directly subordinated to its financed project. The World Bank requires the debtor to accept and take safety measures for the dam, during design, bid invitation, construction, operation, and maintenance of the dam and relevant buildings. Chinese government has also given strict requirements for dam safety, issued the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Reservoir Dam, and proposed that the dam shall be constructed and managed in accordance with the policy of safety first. Dam construction shall conform to the technical standard for dam safety prepared by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council jointly with related dam authorities, and have the engineering design. The unit with relevant qualification certificate shall perform the engineering design of the dam, and implement the periodic safety inspection and verification system, which are consistent with World Bank's policy requirements.  OP/BP4. 10 Ethnic Minority In China, except for Han people which account for around 90% of the total population 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan of the country, all other ethnics are considered as the ethnic minority. There is some difference between the definitions by World Bank and Chinese government. The WB IP definition as follows: 1) Self-identification as member of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; 2) Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories. 3) Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture. 4) use an indigenous language, which is often different from the official language of the country or region. According to the definition of WB, ethnic minority means an ethic with its own unique culture and language, and the whole group lives in a specific geographic area, this definition is different from China: even if an ethnic person lives away from his or her original ethnic minority area, such as living in a city, such a person would also still be seen as an ethnic minority. SA group will identify the project area based on World Bank's policy on ethnic minorities; if there is the ethnic minority that meets the definition of World Bank's policy on ethnic minorities, the EMDP will be launched.  OP4.12 Involuntary resettlement Generally speaking, there are no huge differences between involuntary resettlement policy in both China and WB OP4.12, there purpose and normal procedure are the same. Both of them pay attention to avoid involuntary resettlement or try to minimize it and make sure a long-term living for those immigrants at the level they used to have. During the process of involuntary resettlement activities, not only compensation but also healing, ME are required. However, there are some policy gaps between these 2 sides. Firstly, related projects in involuntary resettlement range. When focus on the involuntary resettlement, WB concerns both within and related involuntary resettlement immigrants. But China only focus on the within part. 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Secondly, compensation for legal or illegal buildings and illegally occupation. Generally, according to the policy in China, only legal one would get the compensation, by comparison, WB accept both legal and illegal ones to get compensation. Thirdly, compensation standard. WB requests to compensate all replacement costs or replace affected house and other property with property directly due to OP4.12 policy. However, WB also stipulate if the replacement costs cannot meet the standard in specific country totally, then other methods should be adapted. This policy do not stand the idea of depreciation， hence, compensation standard in WB is always higher than it in countries. Forthly, public participation. Chinese Government has a very indistinct requirements for participation and consultation in policies. Except for the water and electrify project, no policies have required affected immigrants to participate in the resettlement project. But WB has a clear requirement about public(especially affected groups) to join in designing, planning, implementing EA and complaining handling procedure, and treated these as a policy of revealing. WB encourages owners send brochures to the public. SA group will identify the involuntary resettlement in the project area based on the World Bank’s operation guide lines— OP4.12. If there is involuntary resettlement in a wide range, RPF will be formulated according to the World Bank policy; if there is small range or the possibility of land expropriation in the project area later can't be excluded, the abbreviated RPF will be formulated according to World Bank policy.  OP/BP7. 50 International Watercourse Project In each international watercourse project, the World Bank requires that the agreement properly reached between the beneficiary country and other watercourse ownership country has included the problems involved; other watercourse ownership countries will reply to the beneficiary country or the World Bank actively, to show approval, no objection or supporting this project, or confirming that the project won't damage their interests; in all the other cases, this project will neither cause great damage to other ownership countries, nor be greatly damaged by the possible problems on water consumption in these countries, according to the evaluation made by World Bank employees. In China, there is no such law. 26 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan If the project of international watercourses is involved, please refer to World Bank's OP/BP7.50 Projects in International Waterways.  OP/BP7. 60 Project in Disputed Areas World Bank can carry out the project in a disputed area on condition that consent of relevant national government shall be obtained. With dispute settled, the project proposed for Country A shall be carried out without damaging the interests of Country B. In China, there is no such law. If the project involves a disputed area, please refer to World Bank's OP/BP7.60 Project in Disputed Areas. (2) Environmental quality standard for soil Table 2-2 has listed the standard limits of heavy metal in some countries' and international organizations’ environmental quality standards for farmland soil. It is known from comparison that the secondary standard value of cadmium in China's Environmental Quality Standard for Soils GB 15618-1995 is 0.30 (pH<7.5), which is stricter than that in international environmental standards for farmland soil. With different management framework, actual problems on soil environment, economic and technical conditions, different countries have formulated different standards and selected different control indexes, all based on lots of benchmark studies on soil environment, pollution survey and monitoring of relevant media. Therefore, the soil environment standard adopted by the Project should be formulated according to China's situation, based on China's soil benchmark study, combining pollution status and management demands, and actual situation. So the Project adopts China’s Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). 27 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Table2-2 Comparison of Standard Limits of Heavy Metals in Environmental Standards for Farmland Soil Standard value (mg/kg) Item <6.5 6.5～7.5 >7.5 Cd 0.30 0.30 0.60 China Hg 0.30 0.50 1.0 As 30 25 20 Pb 250 300 350 Cr 250 300 350 Intervention value Item Target value (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Cd 0.8 12 The Hg 0.3 10 Netherlands As 29 55 Pb 85 530 Cr 100 380 Item Mass concentration limits of heavy metals in soil (soil pH6~7)/(mg/kg) Cd 1~3 EU Pb 50~300 Hg 1.0~1.5 Cr - Medium Item Standard limit (mg/kg) Copper (Cu) ≤125 Japan Farmland As ≤15 (dry farmland) Cd (note: its content in rice) ≤0.4 (3) Food safety standard After comparing the rules on limits for heavy metal in food in CAC Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CODEX STAN 193-1995), EU(EC) No 1881/2006, and China’s National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012) (see table 2-3), the cadmium limit in rice specified in China's food safety standard is consistent with that specified by EU standard, which is 0.2mg/kg, lower than 0.4mg/kg specified in CAC. Rules on limits for pollutants in food are affected by agricultural production and geographic area, features of food contaminants and control status, environmental pollution status, residents' eating habits. China's National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012) is revised by referring to CAC standard and assessing risk, according to China's food contamination monitoring and total dietary survey data, and combining China's mainly consumed food and heavy metal pollution features. Main purpose of the Project is to reduce the content of cadmium in the rice produced by China's farmland, so the agricultural product safety standard involved in the Project adopts China's 28 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012). Table2-3 Comparison of Limit Standard of Heavy Metals in Food Food safety standards in main Type of Limit standard of heavy metals in food countries and international agricultural organizations product Cd As Pb Cr Hg 0.5 (total 0.02 (total Rice 0.2 0.2 1.0 China arsenium) mercury) National Food Safety Unspecifie Grape 0.05 0.5 0.2 0.5 Standard--Limits for Pollutants in d Foods (GB 2762-2012) Unspecifie Orange 0.05 0.5 0.1 0.5 d Codex Alimentarius Commission Unspecifie Rice 0.4 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified (CAC) d Codex General Standard for Unspecifie Grape Unspecified 1.0 0.2 Unspecified Contaminants and Toxins in Food d and Feed (CODEX STAN Unspecifie 193-1995) (2013 Revision) Orange Unspecified 1.0 0.1 Unspecified d Unspecifie Rice 0.2 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified d EU Unspecifie No 488/2014 Grape 0.05 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified d Unspecifie Orange 0.05 Unspecified 0.1 Unspecified d 29 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 3 Project Content 3.1 Project area overview (1) Changlu Project Area Changlu Project area is located in Bianjiang Town in the southwest of the county. With rich resources and convenient transportation, the territory is mainly covered by hillocks and valley plains. The project area involves Jinli Village and Wuni Village. The project has an area of 245.34 hectares. The cadmium single pollution is the main pollution in the arable land with the pollution degree of 1 5. In addition, there is a small amount of cadmium-arsenic combined pollution. The original sources of irrigation water in the project area are from Zhengjiachong Reservoir and Xihe River. After intensified monitoring, it is found that the mercury content 30 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan of Zhengjiachong Reservoir is 0.192mg/L which exceeds Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) and the water quality of Xihe River reaches the standard. Therefore, all the sources of irrigation water should be changed to the water of Xihe River. There is no farmland facility as the infrastructure in the project area and the non-matching rate is 35%. Most of the water canals are earth canals and the canals established in the 1970s (the period of collectivization). Since they have low standards and are seriously aging, solving the irrigation and drainage problems should be the top priority. (3) Shihu Project area Shihu Project area is located in Huangni Town in the northeast of Yongxing County. It is the north gate of Yongxing County. The project area has significant regional advantages and advantages in natural resources. It is also the important development and production base of Yongxing County for rice, sweet oranges and flue-cured tobacco etc. The project has an area of 243.06 hectares. The cadmium single pollution is the main pollution in the arable land with the pollution degree of 1 5. In addition, there is a small amount of cadmium-arsenic combined pollution. Since the project area is close to Huangni Industrial Park, the three wastes (waste gas; waste water; industrial residue) from the enterprises involving heavy metal contamination in the park are the main sources of pollution. There are many smelting enterprises in the park. Long-time industrial activities of heavy metal smelting result in cadmium-arsenic combined pollution to the arable land in the area and high environmental risks. By and large, the enterprises involving heavy metal contamination in Huangni Industrial Park have been closed. These enterprises will be moved to Tainhe Industrial Park and Bailin Industrial Park. The waste residues have been treated and the pollution source is controllable. The project area is mainly planted with double cropping rice and sweet oranges. Due to the heavy metal contamination, some of the arable lands are fallow. The sources of irrigation water are from Shihu River, Laowu Reservoir and Qingshanlong Reservoir. Through monitoring, the water quality of all reaches Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). There is no farmland facility as the infrastructure in the project area and the non-matching rate is 26%. The irrigation, drainage and field road problems should be solved. 3.2 Project objectives 3.2.1 Overall objective Through the analysis on valid data of Yongxing County’s rice, internal and external agricultural sources and agricultural production management etc. and in combination with the reality of the project area, the soil pollution risk evaluation, the farmland pollution source risk evaluation and the agricultural management risk evaluation are conducted. The 32 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan corresponding risk management measures are put forward according to different risk model composition. Finally, it is decided to adopt the integrated management mechanism of risk control to control the farmland risk of the project county to achieve the safety production of qualified agricultural products. 3.2.2 Specific objectives 1. On the promise of safety production and based on the scientific pollution analysis method and the valid monitoring data of rice, internal and external agricultural pollution sources and agricultural production management etc., to clarify the pollution reason of the project area based on that and conduct the risk level assessment of the selected demonstration area farmland, select the proper comprehensive technical management measures for the demonstration, strengthen the risk management and control of the farmland pollution source and farmland pollution and improve the safe use level of the agricultural resources. By 2022, the good agricultural environment in the project area can be maintained and the heavy metal content of agricultural products can basically comply with the standard; the total Cd in the non-polluted farmland soil remain unchanged; the total Cd of the polluted farmland soil and available Cd can gradually decline. 2. Build the agricultural environment monitoring network and early warning system, strengthen the agricultural environment monitoring and management; develop the farmland management tools mainly for the purpose of the risk control, and draw the county farmland pollution risk map; work out the Unpolluted Land Protection and Risk Prevention Guidance in Yongxing County, Maintenance Mechnism of Long-term Good Agricultural Environment in Yongxing County and Working Guidance of Aricultural Land Pollution Management in Yongxing County, etc., and gradually establish the sound regulations and standards. 3. Conduct the technical training and publicity to the government officials, agricultural environment monitoring personnel and farmers in the project area, demonstrate the feasible measures for the farmland pollution management, and improve the farmland pollution risk management and control capacity to ensure that the farmland risks can be 33 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan fully managed and controlled to improve the farmland environment in the project area and guarantee the virtuous cycle of the ecological system. 4. Improve the project indicators, collect the project data for assessment, increase the management level of the project management departments, and ultimately build the agricultural product safety production guarantee system and apply the land management approaches via hiring experts and organizing symposiums. 3.3 Project activities Table below lists all the proposed project activities based on the approved Feasibility Study Report. Table 3-1: Activities of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land No. Project Activities Activity Description Risk-based farmland 1 management demonstration Conduct the intensive monitoring of the three selected project areas according to the requirements of the monitoring solution (a monitoring point is set for 30-50 mu in mountain Intensive Monitoring area or 50-100 mu for the continuous flat area in terms of the monitoring point intensity; the 1.1 and Risk level monitoring heavy metal content of soil and agricultural products shall be consistent with assessment heavy metal content of the monitoring sediments and irrigation water monitoring water quality, etc.), conduct the risk level assessment according to the monitoring data and identify the risk comprehensive management and control measures and solutions Adopt the pertinent risk management and control measures according to the analysis of the Risk Comprehensive valid data related to the rice of the project area, agriculture internal and external and 1.2 Management and agricultural production management, etc. Refer to the detailed contents described in 1.2.1 Control Measures -1.2.4 Engineering 2,500 m drainage canal, 18,650 m irrigation canal, 3,400 m ecological intercepting ditch, 12 1.2.1 facilities ssedimentation tanks, 2 electric pumping stations and 3,000 m roads in field are constructed. Control high cumulative rice varieties, optimize the field water management (flooding irrigation), soil acidification conditioning (pH value), the application of organic fertilizer and 1.2.2 Agronomic measure soil passivator, adjust the plantation structure, removal of straw from the field, and other combined measures Promote the agricultural cleaning production, encourage farms to initiatively apply more Plant diseases and organic fertilizer, reduce the chemical fertilizer use, scientifically apply pesticides, promote insect pests 1.2.3 the professional prevention and control and green prevention and control of the crop diseases integrated and insect pests and also popularize the high-efficient and low residual pesticides and the management modern plant protection machinery 1.2.4 Other measures Carry out the project area rice safety proper yield technical research based on the recommended list of the emergency Cd accumulative rice varieties to conduct the rational screening of the rice varieties entering the project area and identify the Cd accumulative （1） Variety screening index in the main rice varieties in the area. When BCF index of the rice varieties is much higher than Level VI risk, the variety Cd accumulative risk is much higher and it shall be controlled from entering into the project area Management and The rice in excess of standard shall be specially purchased by the authorized enterprise as the （2） control of rice in industrial grain and feed or for the other industrial purpose, and the purchase enterprises shall excess of standard be subsidized with the subsidy standard at 200 yuan/ton Certificate of Origin The corporate entities obtaining the certificate of pollution-free, green, and organic food with （3） for farm products the subsidy standard at 5,000/10,000/20,000 yuan respectively 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan No. Project Activities Activity Description Farm product brand building and Encourage the project area to building the farm product brand for publicity and promotion to （4） publicity and increase the economic value of the products promotion expenses Authorize the professional monitoring agency, organize the town and village staff to conduct the supervision over the project agronomic measures (applying lime, organic fertilizer, 1.3 Project monitoring passivator, flooding irrigation and the removal of straw, etc.), and the supervision fees shall be charged at 20 yuan/mu/quarter. Strengthening the agricultural 2 environment monitoring and management Building agricultural environment 2.1 monitoring database Including 1 sampling check-out vehicle, and 2 client computers. and early warning system Risk-based farmland Build one model according to all monitoring data in Sub-item 1 to provide the basic support management tools 2.2 to the farmland risk management and identify the farmland and crops pollution risk levels and prepare the with the area and draw the provincial agricultural production risk map agricultural risk map Develop the sustainable investment and Develop or release the local regulations and systems and technical standards related to the 2.3 financing management of the farmland pollution control and restoration, etc., to guide the farmland mechanism and pollution comprehensive management and control in all project counties eco-compensation mechanism Develop the sustainable investment and Develop the sustainable investment and financing mechanism and eco-compensation 2.4 financing mechanism in view of the long-term farmland pollution management and soil health recovery mechanism and action, thus guaranteeing the sustainable agricultural development in Hunan eco-compensation mechanism Train and cultivate the management and technical capacity of the government officials, organize the international and domestic inspection and training, conduct the training to environment monitoring staff and farmers, provide the technical assistance to the enterprises 3 Capacity Building involved with the heavy metal pollution; conduct the project concept and technical promotion activities in forms of seminars, traing and so forth, share and publicize the project experience and technique by adopting the self-made videos and paper materials, etc. Provide the technical assistance and training to the project managing staff (involving the procurement, financial affairs and safeguard policies, etc.) to improve their management capacities, purchase the office equipment as needed by the project management institution Project management and expenses related to the project daily management, procurement and financial 4 and assessment management, etc. Convene the project start-up and completion seminars and build Mis system; collect the relevant information and data related to the farmland environment quality changes, etc., in the project implementation process and conduct the monitoring and assessment of the implementation results. 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 3.3.1 Risk-based farmland management demonstration 3.3.1.1 Intensive monitoring and risk level assessment Conduct the intensive monitoring over the soil, sediments, irrigation water, atmospheric precipitation, farm products, individual plant, agricultural inputs and plant diseases and insect pests in four project areas according to the monitoring solution requirements and conduct risk level assessment according to the monitoring data. 3.3.1.2 Farmland risk comprehensive management measures Adopt the pertinent risk management and control measures according to the analysis of the valid data related to the rice of the project area, agriculture internal and external and agricultural production management, etc. (1) Engineering Measures Mainly including the channel engineering, ecological engineering and road engineering; as the farmland infrastructure in the project area is comparatively sufficient, some farmland irrigation canals are still the earth canals or have been seriously damaged, thus requiring renovation; the sediments of some channels are in excess of the heavy metal pollution standard, and sedimentation tanks will be built for the sedimentation of the sediments in the irrigation water to prevent it from entering the farmland to satisfy the demand of the project area optimized field water management; some farmland road and other infrastructure lack the necessary supporting facilities, which is detrimental to the removal of straw from the field and the machine field operation, A total of 2,500m of drainage channels, 18,650m of irrigation channels, 3,400m of ecological intercepting ditches, 12 sedimentation tanks, and 2 electric pumping stations and 3,000m of field roads are renovated. Table 3-2: Schedule of Farmland Pollution Integrated Management Field Road Construction in Yongxing County Project Area Specificatio No Constructio Constructio Construction Work Material Remar Unit n and . n name n location property amount s k model 1 channel m 21150.0 36 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan engineerin 0 g Drainage Maintenanc 1.1 m 2500 canal e Irrigation Maintenanc 1.2 m 18650 canal e Ecological New 2 intercepting m 3400 construction ditch New 3 Grit basin Set 12 construction Electric Water New 4 pumping Set 2 30kw pump construction station 30kw New 3.5m 5 Field road m 3000 construction width Total 1. Songbai Project Area Slurry Drainage Songbai Maintenanc masonry Original 1 canal m 1300 60*80cm Village e + channel concrete Preset Irrigation Songbai Maintenanc Original 2 canal m 2200 U50 T-bottom Village e channel U-groove Preset Irrigation Songbai Maintenanc Original 3 canal m 1450 U90 T-bottom Village e channel U-groove Electric Songbai New statio Water 4 pumping 2 30kw Village construction n pump station Ecological Songbai New 5 intercepting m 400 ditch Village construction New statio 6 Grit basin 1 construction n Total 2. Shihu Project Area Slurry Irrigation Quantian Maintenanc （1.5+1） masonry Original 1 canal m 1200 Village e *1m + channel concrete Preset Irrigation Zhuangsha Maintenanc Original 2 canal m 1200 U60 T-bottom n Village e channel U-groove Slurry Irrigation Shihu Maintenanc （1.5+1） masonry Original 3 canal m 1000 Village e *1m + channel concrete Preset Irrigation Shihu Maintenanc Original 4 canal m 1000 U60 T-bottom Village e channel U-groove Shihu New 5 Field road m 3000 Village construction New statio 6 Grit basin 3 construction n 37 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Total 3. Muzitang Project Area Preset Irrigation Muzitang Maintenanc Original 1 canal m 1800 U50 T-bottom Village e channel U-groove Preset Irrigation Muzitang Maintenanc Original 2 canal m 1600 U90 T-bottom Village e channel U-groove Preset Irrigation Dongze Maintenanc Original 3 canal m 1000 U90 T-bottom Village e channel U-groove New statio 4 Grit basin 2 construction n Total 4. Changlu Project Area (Bianjiang Town) Slurry Irrigation Jinli Maintenanc （1.5+1） masonry 1 canal m 1000 Village e *1m + concrete Slurry Irrigation Jinli Maintenanc masonry 2 canal m 1500 90*90cm Village e + concrete Preset Irrigation Jinli Maintenanc 3 canal m 1500 U90 T-bottom Village e U-groove Drainage Wuni Maintenanc （3+2） 4 canal m 1200 Village e *2m Slurry Irrigation Wuni Maintenanc masonry Original 5 canal m 1200 50*50cm Village e + channel concrete Preset Irrigation Wuni Maintenanc Original 6 canal m 1000 U90 T-bottom Village e channel U-groove New statio 7 Grit basin 6 construction n Total (2) Agronomic measures The project area of 789.14 hectares is selected and such measures as highly- accumulated rice variety control, optimized field moisture management, soil acidulation conditioning, organic fertilizer application, soil passivating agent application, etc. are demonstrated and generalized in its entirety to ensure that the cadmium content of rice is controlled within 0.2mg/kg aiming at the safe production of eligible agricultural products. (3) Other measures 38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan It includes mainly the variety screening, overproof rice control, pollution-free green agricultural products authentication, agricultural products brand construction and propagation, etc. 3.3.1.3 Project supervision Supervision on the agronomic measures (application of lime, organic fertilizer and passivating agent, field moisture management, straw leaving field, etc.) shall be carried out by the local competent agriculture supervision institution and the personnel of villages and towns, etc. 39 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 3.3.2 Environmental management and agricultural environment monitoring 3.3.2.1 Formulate and issue local regulations and technical standards According to the reality of Yongxing County, make and issue local regulations and technical standards as well as establish and improve the standard system of regulations. (1) Research and work out the integrated management mechanism of farmland pollution risks. Optimize the field management for unpolluted farmland. Promote new agricultural technologies to prevent new pollution. For the polluted farmland, carry out risk control rapidly and effectively. Prevent heavy metals from spreading to grains and gradually reduce the cadmium content in soil. (2) Formulate local regulations on agricultural product quality and safety and relevant plans. Put forward technical specifications of farmland pollution restoration classification management, restoration standards, pollution source control standards and control technology regulations as well as over-standard agricultural product treatment technology regulations etc. (3) Establish the county-level environmental supervision system. Supervise the input of farmland soil hazardous substances in the long term and set up early warning and prevention for external pollutants coming into the arable land. Make full use of the environmental supervision network to strengthen the construction of the farmland environmental protection law enforcement system. (4) Research and work out the eco-compensation mechanism required by effective control at various farmland pollution risks, including economic compensation, compensation ways, compensation objects and management methods. 3.3.2.2 Development or Release of the Local Policies and Standard Drafts Yongxing country has the Yongxing Agricultural Products Quality Tracing and Warning Plan, Yongxing Farmland Quality Management Measures and other local regulations and programmes at present, combing with the reality of itself, formulates 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Yongxing Clean Soil Protection and Harzard Prevention and Control Guideline and Yongxing Good Agriculture Environment Maintaining Long-term Mechanism, studies and formulates local regulations, technical standards and other operating guides, gradually establishes and improves standard system of laws and regulations. 3.3.3 Capacity buiding 3.3.3.1 Management ability development 1. Investigations: The investigation includes the overseas investigation and the domestic investigation. Both are organized by the provincial POM. The aim is to learn advanced heavy metal contamination treatment technologies and experience both at home and abroad. 6 people/month for the domestic investigation. 2. Domestic training: The domestic training includes the integrated management of farmland based on risks, agricultural environment monitoring, pollution prevention, policy implementation, purchasement and financial knowledge etc. 52 people/month in total. 3. Technical assistance: Employ the experts on related technologies to provide technical support to the project so as to guarantee the project is implemented smoothly. 30 people/month in total. 3.3.2.2 Development or Release of the Local Policies and Standard Drafts Yongxing country has the Yongxing Agricultural Products Quality Tracing and Warning Plan, Yongxing Farmland Quality Management Measures and other local regulations and programmes at present, combing with the reality of itself, formulates Yongxing Clean Soil Protection and Harzard Prevention and Control Guideline and Yongxing Good Agriculture Environment Maintaining Long-term Mechanism, studies and formulates local regulations, technical standards and other operating guides, gradually establishes and improves standard system of laws and regulations. 3.3.3.3 Draw up the action plan for farmland environmental protection Based on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment experience both at home and abroad, draw up the action plan for the soil environmental protection of the project 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan county, strengthen the project ability building, improve the frontseeability of the project construction and identify the challenge and opportunity the project is facing. 3.3.3.4 Results Discussion and Promotion Summarize the experience obtained from the project implementation process by means of the self-made videos and paper materials, etc. and promote the relevant techniques and results, etc., to the non-project areas and other surrounding counties and cities for popularization in the form of seminars and material collection, etc. 3.3.4 Project management and evaluation 3.3.4.1 Project management Project Management includes the project technical assistance, the procurement involving the managing staff and the financial management training. Project management expenses and startup /completion seminar expenses are involved with the purchase of the relevant office equipment. 3.3.4.2 Project monitoring evaluation Monitor and evaluate the project performance indicators and the environmental and social impact, etc., collect the relevant information and data related to the project implementation, summarize the experience and lessons and organize exchange activities , such as, the project start-up mobilization meeting, mid-term exchange and project completion seminars, etc. 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 4 Environmental Status 4.1 Natural environment 4.1.1 Geographical location Yongxing County is situated in the southeast part of Hunan Provice, upstream of Leishui River, with the geographical coordinates of northern latitude 25°58’~26°29’ and eastern longitude 112°43’-113°36’. It borders Zixing City to the east, Suxian District of Chenzhou City to the south, Guiyang County to the west, and Leiyang City and Anren County to the north. Yongxing Town boasts convenient traffic conditions, with Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, National Highway 107 and Provincial Highway 212 passing throught it. Implementation points in all project areas: see Attached Figure 1. 4.1.2 Landform The landform is narrow and long, silkworm-shaped. There are many mountains in the east part, hills in the west part, and hills and valleys in the middle part. Bianjiang River and Yongle River pass through the county. The landform differs a lot, with medium-high mountains in the east part, ranges of Luoxiao Mountain, medium-low mountains in the southeast part, ranges of Bamian Mountain, Wugong Mountain and Yangming Mountain in the north and west parts respectively. The altitude is relatively low in the middle part, with most areas as hilly plains. The mountainous areas account for 28.6%, with the altitude of 300-800m; the hills and downlands account for 53.36%, with the altitude lower than 500-300m; the valley plains account for 14.99%. 4.1.3 Weather Yongxing County has a subtropical monsoon climate. It owns warm winters and cool summers. The early period of winter here is warm, while the later period cold with short sunshine duration; the temperature in spring is extremely high with insufficient rainwater; the summer here is quite cool. Most precipitations are concentrated in April-June, 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan accounting for 42.3% and the maximum rainfall of 358mm. According to statistics of meteorological data of Yongxing Weather Station during 2000-2003, the average wind velocity was the largest in spring, reaching 2.1m/s, and the average wind velocities in other seasons were 1.5m/s; the annual average wind velocity was 1.6m/s. Prevailing wind direction throughout the year: N; wind frequency: 15%; calm wind frequency: 40%. Weather indexes and disasters in Yongxing County: see Table 4-1. Table 4-1 List of Main Weather Indexes and Disasters in Yongxing County Weather indexes Project area Annual Maximu Minimu Annual Annual ≥5℃effective Average average m m Sunshine average average accumulated frost-fre Main weather temperatu temperat temperat duration precipitation evaporation temperature e period disasters re ure ure h mm mm ℃ d ℃ ℃ ℃ High-temperature drought, Yongxing County rainstorm flood, 17.6 40.5 -2.5 1,417.0 1,352.6 1,425.2 5,073 307 low-temperature freezing and acid rain, etc 4.1.4 Surface water ⑴ Surface water system There are 149 rivers in Yongxing County. 53 rivers with the controlled basin area exceeding 10km2, with the total annual average runoff 1.545 billion m3, Bianjiang River water system and Yongle River water system respectively. The Bianjiang River is in the middle stream of Leishui tributary of Xiangjiang River water system, originating from Huangdong Township and flowing through the east part of Bitang Township, with the total length of 43.5km, the width of 100-200m and the slope of 0.32‰. The Yongle River is a large tributary of lower reaches of Mishui, originating from Maojixian, Yanping Township, Zixing City, with the length of 36.7km, the slope of 1.82‰, the natural head of 102m and the surface runoff of 1.3 billion m3. Distribution of water system in Yongxing County: see Figure 4-1. ⑵ Basic condition of dams According to identification results of dam experts of the World Bank, Water 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Conservation Department and Agricultural Department of Yongxing County, the dams which are involved and meet the dam safety policies are: Qingshanlong Reservoir, Laowu Reservoir, Yapolong Reservoir, Yangjiachong Reservoir, Datouchong Reservoir, Gaoling Reservoir, Zhengjiachong Reservoir and tailings dams. Basic conditions of dams in Yongxing County: see Table 2-2. Dam safety analysis: see Dam Safety Assessment Report of 2015 for Integrated Management Projects of Polluted Farmland with World Bank Loans in Hunan Province. According to the report, within the scope of the first batch implementation, 13 reservoir dams trigger the dam safety policy (OP4.37) of the World Bank. 7 are in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City and 6 in Yongxing County of Chenzhou City, all of which are small-sized. The 13 small-sized reservoirs are classified as type-III dams whose hazard removal and reinforcement engineering have been completed. The hazard removal and reinforcement engineering design is targeted and can meet related requirements. The accepted engineering construction quality meets the design and regulation requirements, with other construction quality to be further evaluated after the engineering acceptance. The conditions of reservoirs are improved to different extents after hazard removal and reinforcement. All the reservoirs operate normally without major abnormality. No obvious deformation or leakage is found during the inspection. However, there are hidden safety hazards in management requiring solving. After the hidden safety hazards are eliminated, these reservoirs can be used as supply water sources for integrated management projects of polluted farmland in Hunan. 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table4-2 Basic Condition of Dams in Yongxing County Total Latest Safety Completion Height storage Responsible No. Name Location Dam type inspection status Operator Owner time (m) capacity department date (level) (m3) Longxingshi Qingshanlong Qingshanlong Qingshanlong Qingshanlong Village, 0.11 Earth core 1 March 1971 58.4 Unknown Ⅰ Administration Administration Administration Reservoir Longxingshi billion rockfill dam Bureau Bureau Bureau Township Yangchong Water Conservancy Laowu December 3.16 Homogeneous September Wen Village, Government of 2 Village, Huangni 18 Ⅰ Bureau of Reservoir 1958 million earth dam 2015 Huangni Town Huangni Town Town Yongxing County Yangchong Water Conservancy Yapolong Wen Village, February 1.21 Homogeneous September Government of 3 18 Ⅰ Village, Huangni Bureau of Reservoir Huangni Town 1958 million earth dam 2015 Huangni Town Town Yongxing County Water Conservancy Yangjiachong Wuni Village, February 2.52 Homogeneous September Wuni Village, Government of 4 17.5 Ⅰ Bureau of Reservoir Bianjiang Town 1954 million earth dam 2015 Bianjiang Town Bianjiang Town Yongxing County Water Conservancy Datouchong Tielu Village, December 180 Homogeneous August Tielu Village, Government of 5 12 Ⅰ Bureau of Reservoir Bianjiang Town 1958 thousand earth dam 2013 Bianjiang Town Bianjiang Town Yongxing County Water Conservancy Gaoling Jinli Village, 280 Homogeneous August Jinli Village, Government of 6 March 1955 17 Ⅰ Bureau of Reservoir Bianjiang Town thousand earth dam 2013 Bianjiang Town Bianjiang Town Yongxing County Water Conservancy Zhengjiachong Songbai Village, February 1.15 Homogeneous December Songbai Village, Government of 7 28 Ⅰ Bureau of Reservoir Bianjiang Town 1960 million earth dam 2011 Bianjiang Town Bianjiang Town Yongxing County Liu Jianguo Liu Jianguo Liuhe Village, August January Government of 8 Tailings dam 3 8 thousand Masonry dam Ⅱ Luo Ronghui Luo Ronghui Huangni Town 2001 2008 Huangni Town Cao Xiaoming Cao Xiaoming 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan During the project implementation, the provincial project office reinforces elimination of hidden hazards and conducts management of dams together with Water Conservancy Bureau of Yongxing County in accordance with the management suggestions listed in Dam Safety Assessment Report of 2015 for Integrated Management Projects of Polluted Farmland with World Bank Loans in Hunan Province. ① Laowu Reservoir It is situated in Yangchong Village, Huangni Town, Yongxing County, 2 km from Shihu project area and 12 km from urban area of Yongxing County. It belongs to the Xiangjiang River-Leishui water system, with the catchment area of 5.54 square kilometers, the total storage capacity of 3.16 million cubic meters and the perennial water supply of 1.65 million cubic meters. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam. It is completed in 1958, with the dam crest elevation of 136.8m, the maximum dam height of 18m and the irrigation area of 5 thousand mu. ②Yapolong Reservoir It is situated in Wen Village, Huangni Town, Yongxing County, 2 km from Muzitang project area and 10 km from urban area of Yongxing County. It belongs to the Xiangjiang River-Leishui water system, with the catchment area of 1.63 square kilometers, the total storage capacity of 1.21 million cubic meters. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam. It is completed in 1958, with the dam crest elevation of 146m, the maximum dam height of 18m and the irrigation area of 3 thousand mu. ③Yangjiachong Reservoir It is situated in Tielu Village, Bianjiang Town, Yongxing County, 2.5 km from the project area and 12 km from urban area of Yongxing County. It belongs to the Xiangjiang River-Leishui water system, with the catchment area of 4.7 square kilometers, the total storage capacity of 2.52 million cubic meters and the utilizable capacity of 1.93 million cubic meters. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam. It is completed in 1954, with the dam crest elevation of 134.9m, the maximum dam height of 17.5m and the irrigation area of 5 thousand mu. It is managed by the township government. 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan ④ Zhengjiachong Reservoir It is situated in Songbai Village, Xiangyindu Town, Yongxing County, 15 km from urban area of Yongxing County. It belongs to the Xiangjiang River-Leishui water system, with the catchment area of 1.45 square kilometers, the total storage capacity of 1.15 million cubic meters and the utilizable capacity of 1.02 million cubic meters. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam. It is completed in 1959, with the dam crest elevation of 166.3m, the maximum dam height of 27.6m and the irrigation area of 1.8 thousand mu. It is managed by the town government. Figure 4-1 Distribution of Water Systems in Yongxing County 4.2 Ecological environment ⑴ Current situation of land utilization Total land area in Yongxing County is 1,979 square kilometers. It has a typical mountain and hill landform. The total farmland area is 174,180 hectares; in which, cultivated land area: 35,153.33, accounting for 17.76% of the total land area. Land utilization condition in Yongxing County: see Table 4-3 and Figure4-2. 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table4-3 Statistics of Current Situation of Land Utilization in Yongxing County Land type Area (hectare) Proportion (%) Cultivated land 35,153.33 17.76 Garden land 3,166.67 1.6 Farmland Forest land 131,406.67 66.37 Others 4,453.33 2.25 Subtotal 174,180.00 87.98 Settlement points and independent 9,753.33 4.93 industrial and mining lands Land for traffic and water conservancy Constructio 2,153.33 1.09 facilities n land Others 7,120.00 3.64 Subtotal 19,006.67 9.65 Non-utilized land 4,693.33 2.37 Total 197,900.00 100 Note: data of base period year (2005) confirmed by basic data of Hunan Land and Resources Bureau in 2007. Cultivated land area in Yongxing County: 35,153.33 hectares; paddy field area: 28,589.51, widely distributed in towns and villages, including Bailin Town, Liyutang Town, Gaotingsi Town, Bianjiang Town, Huangni Town, Matian Town, Dabujiang Township and Qijia Township. See Table 4-4. Table 4-4 Farmland Distribution in Yongxing County (unit: hectare) Name of town and Farmland area Dry land area Paddy field area township Bianjiang Town 4944.23 4170.81 773.42 Gaotingsi Town 2816 2289.91 526.09 Matian Town 2576.43 1877.48 698.95 Yangtang Township 1341.91 860.75 481.16 Youma Town 2732.33 1476.47 1255.86 Yuelai Town 1546.9 832.45 714.45 Huangni Town 1984.13 1737.93 246.2 Jingui Town 2019.21 1615.8 403.41 Zhangshu Town 1533.07 1221.53 311.54 Bailin Town 3457.55 3048.19 409.36 Taihe Town 1908.62 1744.42 164.2 Liyutang Town 3326.55 3023.38 303.17 Dabujiang Township 2090.07 1955.77 134.3 Longxingshi Township 1126.89 1060.31 66.58 Qijia Township 1749.44 1674.31 75.13 Total 35153.33 28589.51 6563.82 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Figure 4-2 Current Situation of Land Utilization in Yongxing County ⑵ Soil conditions of cultivated lands ① Soil texture There are various types of soil textures in the arable layer. According to the current soil texture classification standards of Hunan Province, they are divided into six types, i.e., sandy loam, light loam, sandy soil, medium loam, clay and heavy loam. Cultivated land areas of all 6 types from high to low: heavy loam, 10,264.77 hectares; sandy loam, 8,261.03 hectares; light loam, 4,675.39 hectares; medium loam, 4,288.71 hectares; sandy soil, 4,042.63 hectares; clay, 3,620.79 hectares. The main soil textures of the arable layer are heavy loam, sandy loam and light loam, accounting for 66%. See Figure 2-3. 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Clay 粘土 10.30% Sandy soil 重壤 Heavy loam 砂土 29.20% 11.50% Medium 中壤loam 12.20% loam Light 轻壤 Sandy 砂壤 loam 13.30% 23.50% 重壤 砂壤 轻壤 中壤 砂土 粘土 Figure 4-3 Distribution of Soil Textures in Yongxing County ② Soil organic matter Average content of soil organic matters in cultivated lands of Yongxing County: 33.5g/kg; in which, in paddy field 35.0g/kg and in dry land 32.0g/kg. Area with extremely high soil organic matter content: 9,210.17 hectares; area with high soil organic matter content: 10,546 hectares; area with medium soil organic matter content: 12,373.97 hectares; area with low soil organic matter content: 2,988.03 hectares; area with extremely low soil organic matter content: 35.15 hectares. Therefore, the soil organic matter content in cultivated land of Yongxing County is medium-high. See Table 4-5 and Figure 4-4. Table4-5 Statistics of Area Grading of Organic Contents in Farmland Soils Extremely Extremely Grade High Medium Low high low Content (g/kg) ＞40 40-30 30-20 20-10 <10 Number of soil 86 90 84 73 10 species Area (hectare) 9,210.17 10,546.00 12,373.97 2,988.03 35.15 Proportion (%) 26.2 30.0 35.2 8.5 0.1 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Figure4-4 Soil Organic Matter Contents in Cultivated Lands of Yongxing County ③ Soil pH value Soil pH values in Yongxing County show a normal distribution. Cultivated land area with arable layer pH value <4.5 is 83.7 hectares, 4.5-5.5 14,646.2 hectares, 5.5-6.5 13,805.4 hectares, 6.5-7.5 2,922.2 hectares, and >7.5 3,698.1 hectares. Therefore, the main soil pH value is acid to low acid. The heavy metal activity in soils is relatively high. See Table 2-6 and Figure 4-5. Table 4-6 Statistics of Soil pH Value Grading in Farmland pH value <4.5 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 6.5-7.5 >7.5 Number of soil species 13 74 77 71 63 Area (hectare) 83.7 14646.2 13805.4 2922.2 3698.1 Proportion (%) 0.2 41.7 39.3 8.3 10.5 26 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Figure 4-5 Soil pH Values in Yongxing County ④ Soil fertility According to the national classification indexes, area of high yield fields (including level-1 cultivated land and level-2 cultivated land): 8,882.34 hectares, accounting for 25.3%; area of medium yield fields (including level-3 cultivated land, level-4 cultivated land and level-5 cultivated land): 17,404.65 hectares, accounting for 49.5%; area of low yield fields (including level-6 cultivated land and level-7 cultivated land): 8,866.34 hectares, accounting for 25.2%. High yield fields are mainly distributed in Liyutang Town, Huangni Town, Longxingshi Township, Qijia Township, Dabujiang Township, Gaotingsi Town, Bailin Town, Yangtang Village, Jingui Town and Bianjiang Town. Statistics of soil fertility in Yongxing County: see Table 4-7. Table 4-7 Statistics of Soil Fertility in Yongxing County (unit: hectare) Name of High yield fields Medium yield fields Low yield fields No. town or township Level-1 Level-2 Level-3 Level-4 Level-5 Level-6 Level-7 1 Bailin Town 279.3 440.87 59.13 167.2 1,040.53 1,083.64 3,86.89 2 Bitang 314.42 580.39 621.56 528.48 1,345.49 1,102.38 451.5 27 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Name of High yield fields Medium yield fields Low yield fields No. town or township Level-1 Level-2 Level-3 Level-4 Level-5 Level-6 Level-7 Township Dabujiang 3 232.15 609.12 815.49 263.54 53.06 55.21 61.51 Township Gaotingsi 4 265.75 382.32 475.74 371.34 900.14 361.28 59.42 Town Table 4-7 Statistics of Soil Fertility in Yongxing County (unit: hectare) (continued) Name of High yield fields Medium yield fields Low yield fields No. town or township Level-1 Level-2 Level-3 Level-4 Level-5 Level-6 Level-7 Huangni 5 191.51 491.83 705.01 266.69 83.27 131.09 114.74 Town 6 Jingui Town 141.77 671.35 532.04 366.15 93.27 175.61 39.02 Liyutang 7 195.45 442.14 672.89 411.16 392.62 659.72 552.57 Town Longxingshi 8 253.05 401.15 211.01 182.06 31.97 41.67 5.97 Township 9 Matian Town 6.66 99.09 196.44 180.96 802.42 1,011.03 279.83 Qijia 10 758.79 530.15 246.79 175.17 19.8 15.73 3.01 Township 11 Taihe Town 58.06 788.15 546.72 399.68 55.57 51.46 8.98 Yangtang 12 244.19 116.82 173.02 82.25 457.38 252.05 16.19 Township 13 Youma Town 51 164.93 343.21 536.51 995.14 567.1 74.42 14 Yuelai Town 0 38.37 59.27 266.94 592.96 436.56 152.79 Zhangshu 15 60.23 73.32 186.96 92.44 405.19 594.86 120.07 Town Total 3,052.32 5,830.02 5,845.28 4,290.58 7,268.79 6,539.39 2,326.95 4.3 Social and economic environment (1) Administrative division and population After administrative division adjustment in 2012 and 2015, former 25 towns and townships were reduced to 15 towns and townships, i.e., Bailin Town, Dabujiang Township, Gaotingsi Town, Huangni Town, Jingui Town, Liyutang Town, Longxingshi Township, Matian Town, Qijia Township, Taihe Town, Yangtang Township, Youma Town, Yuelai Town, Zhangshu Town and Bianjiang Town, containing 342 villages, 27 communities, 4,318 villagers’ groups and 123 residents’ groups. At the end of 2014, the total population of Yongxing Town: 688.3 thousand; permanent resident population: 542.3 thousand; in which, urban population of 246.7 thousand and rural population of 295.6 thousand. There 28 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan are 356.2 thousand females, accounting for 51.75% of the total population. There is no ethnic minority community here. (2) Economic condition In 2014, the total output value reached 26.682 billion yuan. The value added in the primary industry: 2.372 billion yuan, with the growth of 4.2%; value added in the secondary industry: 16.815 billion yuan, with the growth of 12.3%; value added in the tertiary industry: 7.495 billion yuan, with the growth of 13.0%. The structural adjustment is constantly optimized. The ratio is adjusted from 9.2:64.0:26.8 to 8.9:63.0:28.1; contribution rates of three industries are 2.9%, 64.6% and 32.5% respectively; GDP drivend by three industries are 0.36%, 7.94% and 4.0% respectively. (3) Agricultural production Yongxing County is the second largest county of Chenzhou City, and also a major agricultural county, with the main crop varieties including rice, oil plants, sweet orange, tobacco and vegetables. According to the geographic location and production features, the whole county gradually forms a rice production and hybrid rice seed base with the emphasis on Bianjiang Town, Huangni Town, Liyutang Town, Bailin Town, Dabjiang Township and Qijia Township, etc, a sweet orange base with the emphasis on Matian Town, Gaotingsi Town, Bianjiang Town, Huangni Town, Jingui Town, Taihe Town, Bailin Town and Liyutang Town, and a tobacco base with emphasis on Bailin Town, Taihe Town, Jingui Town, Zhangshu Town, Huangni Town, Bianjiang Town, Liyutang Town, Gaotingsi Town, Yangtang Town, Yuelai Town and Youma Town, an animal husbandry base with emphasis on Qijia Township and Dabujiang Township, and a vegetable base with emphasis on Bianjiang Town, Huangni Town and Matian Town. Table 4-8 Agricultural Production of Yongxing County in 2014 No. Content Unit Total Remarks 1 Cultivated land area 1,000 hectares 35.15 In which, paddy field area 1,000 hectares 28.59 Double cropping rice 2 Sown areas and yields of crops — — 29 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan No. Content Unit Total Remarks Plantation area 1,000 hectares 46.51 Mainly rice 2.1 Food crops Total yield 10,000 tons 23.56 Plantation area 1,000 hectares 11.76 2.2 Vegetables Total yield 10,000 tons 29.27 Plantation area 1,000 hectares 12.90 2.3 Oil plants Total yield 10,000 tons 1.90 Plantation area 1,000 hectares 2.85 2.4 Tobacco Total yield 1,0,000 tons 0.48 3 Poultry feeding scale 3.1 Live pig Annual yield 10,000 69.72 3.2 Meat cattle Annual yield 10,000 2.59 3.3 Meat sheep Annual yield 10,000 4.25 3.4 Poultry Annual yield 10,000 632.3 3.5 Water products 10,000 tons 2.36 (4) Plantation of rice The main food crop in Yongxing County is rice, with the plantation area reaching 38,430 hectares. There are three plantation systems: single cropping, double cropping and triple cropping. Plantation conditions: see Table 2-9; rice production of all towns and townships in 2014: see Table 2-10; distribution of rice plantation: see Figure 2-5. Matian Town, Bianjiang Town, Bailin Town, Liyutang Town, Gaotingsi Town, Huangni Town, Taihe Town and Dabujiang Township are the main grain-producing areas, with the total rice yield reaching 153,351 tons, accounting for 74.92% of the whole county. According to incomplete statistics, rice varieties include Zhongjiazao 17, Tanliangyou 83, Xiangwanxian 13 and Wuyou 308. Rice plantation in Yongxing County: see Table 4-9; rice production of all towns and townships in 2014: see Table 2-10; distribution of rice plantation: see Figure 4-6. Table 4-9 Rice Plantation System in Yongxing County Plantation Plantation scale Plantation mode Distribution system (hectare) Qijia Township, Longxingshi Village, Dabujiang Single cropping 9,320 Rice-idle Township 30 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Rice-rice, Youma Town , Yuelai Town , Yangtang Township, Double cropping 18,416 rice-soybean, Zhangshu Town tobacco-rice Bailin Town, Taihe Town, Jingui Town, Huangni Town, Triple cropping 10,694 Rice-rice-rape Liyutang Town, Bianjiang Town, Gaotingsi Town, Matian Town Total 38,430 Table4-10 Rice Productions of All Towns and Villages in Yongxing during 2014 No. Name of town and township Rice plantation area (hectare) Total rice yield (ton) 1 Bianjiang Town 6,392.67 33,812 2 Matian Town 2,652.13 14,088 3 Jingui Town 2,453.66 12,925 4 Bailin Town 4,680.33 24,812 5 Liyutang Town 4,633.4 24,517 6 Gaotingsi Town 3,556.53 18,760 7 Yangtang Township 922.47 4,925 8 Youma Town 1,159.67 6,314 Table 4-10 Rice Productions of All Towns and Villages in Yongxing during 2014 (continued) No. Name of town and township Rice plantation area (hectare) Total rice yield (ton) 9 Yuelai Town 952.53 5,109 10 Huangni Town 2,871.87 15,138 11 Zhangshu Town 1,970.2 10,488 12 Taihe Town 2,422.53 12,779 13 Dabujiang Township 1,717.33 9,445 14 Longxingshi Township 856.13 4,809 15 Qijia Township 1,188.53 6,753 Total 38,430 20,4675 31 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Distribution of Rice Plantation in Yongxing County Figure 4-6 Distribution of Rice Plantation in Yongxing County (5) Farmland infrastructure According to statistics of testing soils for formulated fertilization in the aspects of water source condition, irrigation probability, flood and waterlogging condition, drainage capacity, barrier type, location of barrier layer, thickness of barrier layer, strength of barrier layer, thickness of arable layer, level of soil fertility, representative area, and sampling time, for cultivated fields, area with completely compatible infrastructure: 56.81 hectares; compatible area: 3,743.3 hectares; area with basically compatible infrastructure: 14,604.22 hectares; area with incompatible infrastructure: 14,864.7 hectares; area without farmland facility: 1,884.19 hectares. For paddy fields, area with completely compatible infrastructure: 40.0 hectares, only accounting for 0.14%; area with compatible infrastructure: 3,139.6 hectares, accounting for 10.98%; area with basically compatible infrastructure: 13,005.8 hectares, accounting for 45.49%; area with incompatible infrastructure: 12,281.6 hectares, accounting for 42.96%; the area without facility: 122.31 32 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan hectares, accounting for 0.43% (see Table 2-10). Infrastructures in Bianjiang Town, Gaotingsi Town, Matian Town, Zhangshu Township, Bailin Town and Huangni Town are perfect and beneficial to agricultural production. Statistics of areas with paddy field facilities: see Table 4-11. 33 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-11 Statistics of Paddy Field Facility Areas in Yongxing County (unit: hectare) Name of Basically Completely No. town or Incompatible Compatible No facility Total compatible compatible township Bianjiang 1 1,972.41 1,717.73 449.58 17.05 14.04 4,170.81 Town Gaotingsi 2 786.6 1,240.88 255.13 7.29 0 2,289.91 Town 3 Matian Town 939.04 690.06 236.94 2.25 9.18 1,877.48 Yangtang 4 193.73 584.06 82.96 0 0 860.75 Township 5 Youma Town 629.81 652.19 191.27 2.49 0.72 1,476.47 Yuelai 6 438.85 308.01 85.58 0 0 832.45 Township Huangni 7 697.4 777.78 250.25 0 12.49 1,737.93 Township 8 Jingui Town 610.18 849.77 146.34 1.71 7.8 1,615.8 Zhangshu 9 572.92 509.53 135 4.08 0 1,221.53 Township 10 Bailin Town 1,119.46 1,525.22 395.8 1.04 6.67 3,048.19 Taihe 11 712.71 822.29 194.16 0 15.26 1,744.42 Township Liyutang 12 1,726.27 1,058.58 225.08 1.78 11.68 3,023.38 Town Dabujiang 13 833.23 871.85 232.67 0 18.01 1,955.77 Township Longxingshi 14 411.65 536.25 108.72 2.36 1.34 1,060.31 Township Qijia 15 637.4 861.63 150.16 0 25.13 1,674.31 Township Total 12,281.67 13,005.82 3,139.66 40.05 122.31 28,589.51 4.4 Current situation of agricultural producing areas 4.4.1 Current situation of farmland pollution in Yongxing County In 2012, 781 point locations were collected in Yongxing County for farmland soil monitoring and high frequent monitoring. As shown in Figure 4-7, most farmlands have heavy metal contamination risks of different degrees, with the main risk factor as Cd, followed by As and Hg. 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Figure 4-7 Current Situation of Farmland Pollution in Yongxing County 4.1.1.1 Current situation of farmland Cd pollution in Yongxing County According to the monitoring results, among all 781 point locations, the main scopes of soil Cd pollution concentration are 0.3-0.6mg/kg and 0.6-0.9mg/kg, accounting for 33.03% and 32.78% respectively; the second common scope is≥0.9mg/kg, accounting for 27.4%; the third common scope is≤0.3 mg/kg, accounting for 6.79%. Therefore, most farmland soil Cd pollution risk in Yongxing County is medium-high, and Cd pollution level is high; it’s necessary to take protection and control measures, alleviate soil Cd pollution, and control OOS of agricultural products. Table 4-12Farmland Cd Pollution in Yongxing County Number Scope of Cd No. of point Proportion Distribution content locations Tangmenkou Town, Huangni Town, Bitang 1 ≤0.3 mg/kg 53 6.79% Village, Gaoting Township, Bailin Town, Bianjiang Town etc. Santang Pond Township, Youma Township, Matian Town, Tangmenkou Town, Huangni Town, 2 0.3-0.6mg/kg 258 33.03% Chengjiao Township, Bitang Township, Chengguan Town, Jingui Town, Liyutang Town, Taihe 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Number Scope of Cd No. of point Proportion Distribution content locations Township etc. Matian Town, Youma Township, Huangni Town, 3 0.6-0.9mg/kg 256 32.78% Bitang Township, Jingui Town, Liyutang Town, Xiangmei Township etc. Santang Pond Township, Youma Township, Matian 4 ≥0.9mg/kg 214 27.4% Town, Huangni Town, Bitang Township, Jingui Town, Liyutang Town etc. 5 Subtotal 781 100.00% Figure 4-8 Current Situation of Farmland Cd Pollution in Yongxing County 4.4.1.2 Current situation of farmland As pollution in Yongxing County According to the monitoring results, among all 781 point locations, the main scopes of soil As pollution concentration are <15mg/kg and 20-30mg/kg, accounting for 28.81% and 31.75% respectively; the second common scope is 15-20mg/kg, accounting for 23.05%; the third common scope is≥30mg/kg, accounting for 16.39%. Therefore, there is certain potential Cd pollution risk in Yongxing County. 36 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-13 Farmland As Pollution in Yongxing County Number Scope of As No. of point Proportion Distribution content locations Most towns and township, including Matian Town, 1 ＜15 225 28.81% Tangmenkou Town, Huangni Town, Bitang Township, Jingui Town and Liyutang Town Santang Pond Township, Matian Town, 2 15-20 180 23.05% Tangmenkou Town, Huangni Town, Bitang Township, Chengjiao Township and Jingui Town Matian Town, Tangmenkou Town, Huangni Town, Township Village, Jingui Town, Yuelai Township, 3 20-30 248 31.75% Xiangyindu Town, Chengguan Town, Taihe Village, Gaoting Village, Bailin Town and Zhangshu Township Santang Pond Township, Youma Village, 4 ＞30 128 16.39% Tangmenkou Town and Huangni Town Subtotal 781 Figure4-9 Current Situation of Farmland As Pollution in Yongxing County 4.4.1.3 Current Situation of farmland Hg pollution in Yongxing County According to the monitoring results, among all 781 point locations, the main scope of soil Hg pollution concentration is <0.15mg/kg, accounting for 54.67%; the second 37 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan common scope is 0.15-0.3mg/kg, accounting for 34.83%; the third common scope is 0.3-1.0mg/kg, accounting for 10.50%, the fourth common scope is≥30mg/kg, accounting for 0.00%. Therefore, the influence of farmland soil Hg pollution is small in Yongxing County. 38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-14 Farmland Hg Pollution in Yongxing County Num ber No Scope of Hg of Proport Distribution . content point ion locati ons Most towns and township, including Bianjiang Town, 1 ＜0.15 427 54.67% Huangni Town, Bailin Town, Zhangshu Township, Dongkou Township, Chengguan Town, and Taihe Township Most towns and township, including Bianjiang Town, Liyutang Town, Huangni Town, Bailing Township, 2 0.15-0.3 272 34.83% Zhangshu Township, Dongkou Township, Gaoting Township, Xiangyindu Town Santang Pond Township, Huangni Town, Jingui Town, 3 0.3-1.0 82 10.50% Chengguan Town, Taihe Town, etc. 4 ＞1.0 0 0 Subtotal 781 Figure 4-10 Current Situation of Farmland Hg Pollution in Yongxing County 4.4.1.4 Current Situation of farmland Cr and Pb pollution in Yongxing County According to the monitoring results, there is no farmland Cr or Pb pollution in 39 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Yongxing County, basically without OOS phenomenon. 4.4.2 Current situation of agricultural products in Yongxing County According to analysis results of agricultural product monitoring data in Yongxing County during recent years, some rice has heavy metal contamination risk, with the risk factor as Cd. The OOS situation and distribution: see Table 4-15. Table 4-15 OOS Situation of Agricultural Product Cd Pollution in Yongxing County Number of point OOS situation No. locations Proportion Distribution (Cd) (point location) Huangni Town, Bianjiang Town, Liyutang 1 <0.2 33 34.74% Town etc. 2 0.2-0.4 21 22.11% Huangni Town, Bianjiang Town etc. Huangni Town, Bianjiang Town, Liyutang 3 0.4-0.6 16 16.84% Town Huangni Town, Bianjiang Town, Liyutang 4 >0.6 25 26.32% Town 95 100.00% 4.4.3 Farmland heavy metal contamination sources and treatment effects in Yongxing County 4.4.3.1 Main heavy metal contamination sources in Yongxing County Yongxing County is a major traditional agricultural county and silver capital of China, with the main farmland pollution type of OOS Cd; main pollution sources: “three wastes” of industrial and mining smelting, unreasonable use of agricultural inputs of planting industry including fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural films, fecal contamination, domestic sewage and household garbage caused by scale farming; the pollution causes environmental pollution to farmland, leads to quality safety hazards of agricultural products, affects the residents’ health and hinders development safety of the agricultural industry. Yongxing County is abundant in mineral resources, and gold and silver smelting industry serves as the largest pillar industry of Yongxing County. In 2004, Yongxing County was formally awarded by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association with the 40 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan title of “Silver Capital of China”. Discharge of wastewater, waste residue and waste gas produced by smelting enterprises is the main factor influencing the regional environmental quality, and some suburban areas are used for dumping of household garbage and industrial residues. Wastewater produced by some industrial enterprises is directly discharged to nearby rivers without treatment or standard treatment, and causes serious influence on the environment. Heavy metal slags left by closed smelting enterprises cause serious heavy metal contamination to farmland and water resources under the role of wind, rain and leaching, and constitute large threats to water quality and agricultural production. Main pollution sources of farmland in Yongxing County: “three wastes” of historical smelting enterprises; pollution pathways: irrigation water and atmospheric dustfall; main pollutants: Cd, As and Hg. 1. Overview of heavy metals related enterprises 1) Composition of heavy metal contamination producing industry: there are 174 related enterprises in Yongxing County. Industries producing heavy metal contamination (according to number of enterprises): nonferrous metal smelting and rolling industry, chemical raw material and chemical manufacturing industry, metal work industry, coal mining and washing industry, artware and other manufacturing industries. 2) Distribution of related enterprises: nonferrous metal smelting and rolling industry: mainly in Bailin Industrial Park, Taihe Industrial Park, Jingui Industrial Park, Huangni Industrial Park, Tangmen Industrial Park and Bitang Industrial Park, accounting for 83.18%; chemical raw material and chemical manufacturing industry: mainly in former Xiangyindu Town Shanchong Village New Material and New Energy Industrial Park, accounting for 1.15%; metal product manufacturing industry: mainly in Bitang Industrial Park, accounting for 4.02%. 41 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Distribution of Heavy metal contamination Sources in Yongxing County Figure 4-11 Distribution of Main Heavy metal contamination Sources in Yongxing County 3) Distribution of tailings dams There are 5 slag fields (tailings dams) in Yongxing County. Tangmenkou slag field is situated in Xihe Village, Huangni slag field in Banchong Village, Taihe slag field in new area of Taihe Industrial Park, Taihe slag field in new area of Taihe Industrial Park, and Bailin slag field in new area of Heqing Road. 42 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Distribution of Slag Fields and Tailings Dams in Yongxing County Figure 4-12 Distribution of Slag Fields and Tailings Dams in Yongxing County 2. Other heavy metal contamination sources In recent years, the agricultural industrialization process has become quicker. Besides, people blindly run after yields and economic benefits of agricultural products. The agricultural production processes causes serious pollution, including excrements of livestock, fertilizers and pesticides, and agricultural films. According to incomplete statistics, in 2014, the fertilizer application amount was 52 thousand tons and the pesticide application amount more than 1,756.4 tons (in which, chemical herbicide: 374.6 tons). The residual agents left after application of acetochlor and glufosinate lead to serious hazards to crops in the following growing season. For more than 18 million small bags (bottles) of pesticides of over 70 tons applied every year, about 5% are left in soils and more than 30% in water (rivers); for agricultural plastic of more than 370 tons used every year, 3% is left in farmland; among household garbage of over 500 thousand tons produced every year, most is piled up and discharged without a plan; excrements of pigs, cattle, sheep and other fowls amount to over 1,160 tons, 43 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan and it’s hard to treat livestock breeding pollution through harmless technology; the utilization rate of crop straws is not large, and only 30% are reasonably used, with a large proportion abandoned or burnt. 3. Main pollution sources The environmental protection department of Yongxing County showed that three water quality monitoring sections were set up in the Bianjiang water system for routine water quality monitoring of Bianjiang water system, Longtan reservoir and Shibilong reservoir, i.e., Yongxing Power Station Dam, Xiangyong Tongjiaowan Ferry and Tangmenkou Ferry. Standard reaching rate of functional areas of routine surface water monitoring sections reaches 100%. 3 atmospheric air monitoring points are set up, i.e., new monitoring point, military office and family dormitory building of Beidaqiao Environmental Protection Bureau. Annual dustfall: 70.30 tons/hm2; standard reaching rate of air quality: 100%. According to related source analysis literature, existing research and monitoring data, as well as analysis of pollution sources in Yongxing County, the proportion of industrial and agricultural activities is large among heavy metal contamination risks in the research area, and there might be some other unknown important heavy metal contamination sources unlisted as the investigation objects. Main source of heavy metal contamination to farmland: open stacking of waste residues of smelting plants, direct discharge of wastewater without treatment, exhaust of waste gas and smoke, and application of fertilizers. In regard to industrial source, many waste residues are stacked in the open air; under the role of rainwater and leachate, the bottom layers and surrounding soils are polluted by heavy metal, and blowing dust is caused due to dry surface after long-time stockpiling and causes dust hazard to the atmospheric environment. Heavy-metal-containing dusts exhausted by smelting plants enter the surface soil layer during dry and wet deposition of smelting dusts. Smokes exhausted by related enterprises contain heavy metals and other pollutants including SO2 and sulfuric acid mist. These gases will cause precipitation acidification and lead to increase in heavy metal dissolution. Wastewater (including various 44 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan acid washing fluid, condensate, absorbent, flushing water, smoke cleaning wastewater, workshop flushing fluid and equipment cooling water, etc) produced by nonferrous metal smelting contains lots of heavy metals, suspended solids and acids. In the past, the wastewater treatment technology was simple and its effect was unstable; Discharge of wastewater caused pollution to water body, and surface water polluted by heavy metals was used as irrigation water and polluted the farmland; as a result, the heavy metal contents of crops exceeded the standard values. Taking Xiangjiang River Basin as an example, the annual Cd discharge of mining and smelting enterprises reached 148 tons. In regard to agricultural source, calcium phosphate and phosphate powder with poor quality contain Cd, with the average content of 1.6mg/kg, and long-time application will definitely lead to Cd accumulation in farmland soils. In the previous 10-30 years, many Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers were applied in Hunan Province, not to mention Yongxing County. The application of Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers leads to heavy metal enrichment in soils and causes historical residual pollution. In regard to other pollution sources, soil acidification will lead to increase in Cd effectiveness. According to related research result, in an acid condition, the rice Cd content may also exceed the standard value in unpolluted soils; the water content management method also has certain influence on the rice Cd content. According to the above analysis, the contribution of man-made pollution sources including industrial and agricultural production to heavy metal accumulation in soils of the research area is relatively obvious. Source contribution rates of pollution sources to heavy metal contamination of farmland: see Table 4-16. 45 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-16 Analysis of Pollution Sources in Yongxing County Type of Specific Analysis of pollution pollution Pollution pathway Existing monitoring point Monitoring results of 2015 pollution influence source source Enriched heavy metal in Certain influence on Agricultural Agricultural Fertilizer farmland soils due to farmland heavy source inputs residue application of agricultural metal contamination inputs in Yongxing County Polluting irrigation water Contaminating arising from direct discharge Wastewater irrigation water of untreated industrial wastewater Water source: routine water quality monitoring of Bianjiang water system, Water source Contaminating Polluting surface water and Main source of Longtan Reservoir and Shibilong monitoring:standard irrigation water groundwater due to rain wash farmland heavy Industrial Reservoir; set up three water quality reaching rate of functional Waste residue Atmospheric dustfall arising metal contamination source Atmospheric monitoring sections, i.e., Yongxing areas in surface water from dust flying during open in Yongxing County; dustfall Power Station Dam, Xiangyong monitoring sections: 100%; stacking large influence Tongjiaowan Ferry and Tangmenkou Atmospheric monitoring: Pollution to farmland arising Ferry; annual dustfall is Atmospheric from atmospheric dustfall Atmospheric monitoring: set up 3 70.30t/hm2; Waste gas dustfall rainwater due to discharge of monitoring points, i.e., new monitoring Stand reaching rate of air smoke dust point, military office and family quality: 100%. dormitory building of Beidaqiao Environmental Protection Bureau. Certain influence on Background Natural Parent Heavy metal contained by soil farmland heavy values of heavy source material itself metal contamination metal in Yongxing County Small influence on Soil Increase in Cd efficiency and farmland heavy Others acidification absorption metal contamination in Yongxing County 46 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland Different Cd absorption due management to different water content measure management 47 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 4.4.2.2 Control of pollution sources 1. Control of industrial pollution sources (1) Preparation of development plan to vigorously control pollution of related enterprises With the aims of promoting coordinated development between gold, silver and rare secondary metal industry and environment, and reducing adverse influence of existing enterprises and park areas on surrounding environment and the residents’ health, the people’s government of Yongxing County revises General Development Planning for Gold and Silver Industry in Yongxing County (2006-2020). After the revision, the planning is renamed as General Development Planning for Gold, Silver and Rare Secondary Metal Industry in Yongxing County (2010-2020). The planning adjusts the layout of “seven districts and one park” into “two districts and one park”, i.e., planning and development district, elimination and transformation district and Yongxing County National Cyclic Economy Demonstration Zone (deep processing zone). Eliminate primary smelting enterprises with small scale and large pollution; for primary smelting enterprises with large scale and high technical content, conduct technical, resources and capital integration through merger, reorganization and joint-stock system reform, and relocate them to the development area; for primary smelting enterprises which intend to implement transformation in the original project area, implement switch to other production under the policy guidance; vigorously implement the most important strategy of “Silver Cap ital of China”, gradually develop gold, silver and rare secondary metal industry in Yongxing County from primary smelting and processing to deep processing based on comprehensive recovery and primary processing with park area as carrier, technological innovation as motive force, and “consolidation of primary processing, acceleration of deep processing, comprehensive utilization and deepening of green environmental protection” as direction to realize co-existence of primary smelting and processing and deep processing. (2) Heavy-metal-pollution-producing industry structure adjustment project phase-I in Yongxing County 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan In 2013, the government of Yongxing County, according to Implementation Scheme for Heavy metal contamination Treatment in Xiangjiang River Basin, “Twelfth Fiver-Year Plan” for Prevention and Control of Heavy metal contamination in Hunan Province, and Objective and Duty Pledge of Heavy metal contamination Producing Industry Structure Adjustment Project in Yongxing County, decided to eliminate 82 smelting enterprises, reduce the number of related enterprises from more than 130 to 50, close enterprises out of the park area, and treat residual pollution of closed enterprises. (3) Heavy-metal-pollution-producing industry structure adjustment project phase-II in Yongxing County Further reduce the number of residual enterprises left after phase-I to 30, relocate then to Bailin Industrial Park and Taihe Park, and treat residual pollution of closed enterprises. (4) Newly-built safety disposal facilities for wastewater and waste residue Build a high-concentration smelting wastewater treatment system with the capacity of 180 cubic meters/day and install related facilities to treat high-concentration heavy metal wastewater produced by all smelting enterprises in Yongxing Cyclic Economy Industrial Park; build a heavy metal waste repository with the storage capacity of 27 thousand cubic meters and the collection capacity of 53 thousand tons for collection and classified storage of recyclable smelting waste residue, heavy metal sludge and chimney ash; build an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace with an area of 7.9 square meters and prepare supporting facilities for recovery of valuable metals and solidification treatment of heavy-metal-containing waste residues (materials) of 100 thousand tons; construct a microcrystalline glass aggregate production line with the annual output of 200 thousand tons for treatment of slags produced by smelting furnace and crystalline glass after disassembly of waste electronic products; build two wastewater treatment stations with the treatment capacity of 3,000 tons/day in Bailin Industrial Park and Taihe Industrial Park respectively, which adopt electrochemical treatment process; conduct safe disposal of waste residues in old industrial region of Taihe Town; build a hazardous waste landfill for safe disposal of unusable smelting wastes produced by closed illegal smelting enterprises and those closed during enterprise integration and upgrading; construct leachate treatment 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan station and prepare public and auxiliary facilities for safe landfill of heavy-metal-containing waste residues left by rare metal smelting enterprises and final harmless disposal of heavy-metal-containing waste residues; use existing workshops and smelting facilities of Huaxin Lead and Tin Co., Ltd. of Yongxing County for technical innovation, and adopt “matte-making - fuming” one-stop process dilution of heavy metals, with the annual smelting slag treatment capacity of 50 thousand tons (residual waste residues of 150 thousand tons in Huangni repository, Taihe repository and Tangmenkou repository). Figure 4-13 Distribution of Treated Pollution Sources in Yongxing County 2. Treatment of other pollution sources (1) Develop integrated rural environmental improvement engineering Since 2010, the accumulated funds of the whole county have reached about RMB 0.45 billion yuan, and the following tasks have been completed: no-dead-angle rural environmental cleaning, as well as collection, shipment and disposal of household wastes; drinking water source protection, and domestic sewage and livestock wastewater treatment in 72 villages. It’s planned to complete environmental improvement of 15 towns and 78 villages in 2015 to ensure smooth completion of related works of “100 livelihood 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan projects”. (2) Actively treat breeding industry pollution In 2014, harmless breeding industry waste treatment was conducted in 300 farms, with the amount of treated excrements more than 55 thousand tons. The treatment of breeding industry pollution started. (3) Execute village cleaning works In 2014, 338 rural cleaning demonstration villages were built; there were 750 new rural solar water heater users; 196 new rural biogas digesters were constructed; reconstruction of 10,165 rural toilets was completed; 12 rural safe drinking water projects were carried out; the drinking water safety problem of 45.2 thousand persons was solved. The village showed a fine new appearance. 4.5Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status 4.5.1 Investigation and assessment of current surface water environment status ⑴ Distribution of monitoring points Irrigation water source of Shihu project area: Laowu Reservoir; irrigation water source of Muzitang project area: Yapolong Reservoir; irrigation water source of Changlu project area: Gaoling Reservoir and Yangjiachong Reservoir; irrigation water source of Songbai project area: Zhengjiachong Reservoir and Xihe River. With the aim of investigating irrigation water quality in the project areas, the Agricultural Bureau of Yongxing County entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor irrigation water sources, with the monitoring results shown in Table 4-12. ⑵Time and frequency of monitoring January 6-8, 2016 ⑶Assessment standards Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan standards stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) ⑷Assessment results According to the monitoring results stated in Table 4-17, the standard exceeding rate of Cd content in Zhengjiachong reservoir is 100%, with the maximum times of ultra standard 18.2 and the main reason of heavy metal pollutants discharged by smelting plants. Therefore, Zhengjiachong Reservoir is not used as irrigation water source of Songbai project area. Except Cd content of Zhengjiachong Reservoir, other monitoring factors of irrigation water sources (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-17 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongxing County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Name Monitoring point location Total Ammonia Cr date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.6 7.10 8.90 0.04 0.185 0.0006 ND ND ND 0.00001 2016.1.7 Gaoling Reservoir 7.16 11.0 0.02 0.264 0.0002 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.8 7.14 8.90 0.02 0.292 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.6 6.77 8.50 0.08 0.762 0.0021 ND ND ND 0.00001 2016.1.7 Yangjiachong Reservoir 7.01 17.8 0.09 0.721 0.0023 ND ND ND 0.0001 2016.1.8 6.97 19.5 0.08 0.751 0.0035 ND ND ND ND Changlu project Standard exceeding rate area 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.6 7.11 9.30 0.06 0.320 0.0008 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.7 Irrigation canal 7.13 11.0 0.02 0.227 0.0005 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.8 7.16 11.0 0.02 0.135 0.0005 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-17 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongxing County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) (continued) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Name Monitoring point location Total Ammonia Cr date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.6 7.09 6.80 0.06 0.124 0.002 ND ND ND 0.00002 2016.1.7 Liujiadu Section of Xihe River 7.14 14.8 0.05 0.233 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.8 7.07 7.30 0.04 0.138 0.002 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.6 7.08 9.30 0.11 0.594 0.0023 ND ND ND 0.00002 2016.1.7 Section under Xihe Bridge 7.13 9.10 0.05 0.300 0.0020 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.8 7.22 8.80 0.12 0.616 0.0020 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Songbai project standard area 2016.1.6 7.22 14.7 0.09 0.243 0.0002 ND ND ND 0.00001 2016.1.7 Irrigation canal 7.28 9.60 0.05 0.182 0.0014 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.8 7.26 13.8 0.04 0.174 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.6 7.42 11.5 0.06 0.443 0.0094 0.0025 0.192 0.004 0.00004 2016.1.7 Zhengjiachong Reservoir 7.40 9.3 0.04 0.482 0.0034 0.0025 0.104 0.004 0.00001 2016.1.8 7.37 9.8 0.04 0.501 0.0056 0.0025 0.153 0.004 0.00001 Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 18.2 0 0 standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 (GB3838-2002) 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-17 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongxing County (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) (continued) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Name Monitoring point location Total Ammonia Cr date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.6 7.30 14.2 0.03 0.166 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.7 Laowu Reservoir 7.28 16.8 0.07 0.300 0.0012 0.0029 ND ND 0.00003 2016.1.8 7.31 16.4 0.07 0.208 0.0007 ND ND ND 0.00003 Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard Shihu project area 2016.1.6 7.20 7.30 0.03 0.188 0.0002 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.7 Upstream of the project area (Shihu River) 7.24 9.80 0.04 0.205 0.0005 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.8 7.29 10.7 0.04 0.252 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 2016.1.6 7.15 10.0 0.02 0.084 0.0002 ND ND ND ND Downstream of the project area (Shihu 2016.1.7 7.20 13.1 0.05 0.219 0.0004 ND ND ND ND River) 2016.1.8 7.18 10.9 0.03 0.250 0.0002 ND ND ND 0.00001 Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Muzitang project standard area 2016.1.6 7.02 8.60 0.02 0.117 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.7 Yapolong Reservoir 7.10 12.9 0.04 0.154 0.0003 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.8 7.07 10.1 0.03 0.125 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 (GB3838-2002) 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 4.5.2 Investigation and assessment of current soil environment status ⑴ Distribution of monitoring points With the aim of investigating soil heavy metal content in the project area, the Agricultural Bureau of Yongxing County entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor the soils in the project area. Total area of the project area: 15,661.05mu; number of monitoring points: 116; monitoring density: one per 135mu. The distribution meets related monitoring requirements. ⑵Time and frequency of monitoring January 6-8, 2016 ⑶Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑷Assessment results According to the monitoring results, the farmland Cd and Hg contents in Shihu project area exceed the standard values. The farmland Cd content is 0.44~1.2mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.46~3; the farmland Hg content is 0.13~0.34mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.13. The farmland Cd content in Muzitang project area exceeds the standard value, with the Cd content 0.46~3.6mg/kg and the times of ultra standard 0.53-11. The farmland Cd and As contents in Songbai project area exceed the standard values. The farmland Cd content is 0.35~1.5mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.16-4; the farmland As content is 15.6~37.3mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.16~0.24. The farmland Cg content in Changlu project area exceeds the standard value, with the Cd content 0.20~0.76mg/kg and the times of ultra standard 0.1-2.6. 4.5.3 Investigation and assessment of current status of irrigation canal sediments ⑴ Investigation object Irrigation canal sediments in project areas of Yongxing County ⑵Assessment standards 37 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑶Assessment results According to the monitoring results shown in Table 4-18, some contents of irrigation canal sediments in Songbai project area, Shihu project area and Muzitang project area exceed the standard values, and some monitoring factors (Pb, As, Cr and Hg, etc) of irrigation canal sediments in Changlu project area do not exceed the standard values. In Songbai project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments, Xihe, Songbai Village are 1.53; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in water intake, Liujiadu, Xihe, Songbai Village are 3.3, of As content 0.093 and of Hg content 0.05. In Shihu project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in Quantian canal sediments are 0.4, in outlet sediments of Laowu Reservoir 0.73, in Zhuangshan canal sediments 2.13, and in Shihu canal sediments 0.66; the times of ultra standard of Hg content in Shihu canal sediments are 0.36. In Muzitang project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in Muzitang canal sediments are 0.36. In Changlu project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments, Gaoling Reservoir, Jinli Village are 0.23, and in irrigation canal sediments, Daling Group, Jinli Village 0.13; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments, Tangmen Village are 1.1, of As content 0.043 and of Hg content 0.62; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in canal sediments, Wentangkou, Wuni Village are 0.73; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in outlet sediments of Yangjiachong Reservoir are 0.06; the contents in sediments of Zhenxia Group canal, Wuni Village, of Datouling Reservoir outlet, Tielu Village, of irrigation canal, Tielu Village, and of irrigation canal, Lijia Group, Jinli Village do not exceed the standard values. 38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 4-18 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals within the Project Areas Monitoring factor Northern Eastern Cation Name of sampling point Effective Organic latitude longitude Pb Cd As Cr Hg pH exchange state Cd matter (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (dimensionless) capacity (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) Irrigation canal in Xihe River, 26.0471 113.0275 49.8 0.76 24.0 46 0.170 6.38 0.40 39.95 16.78 Songbai Village, Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 1.53 0 0 0 / / / / Water intake in Liujiadu, Xihe River, Songbai Village, Bianjiang 26.0358 113.0418 129 1.29 32.8 60 0.315 6.42 0.46 39.45 12.79 Town Times of ultra standard 0 3.3 0.093 0 0.05 / / / / Quantian canal, Huangni Town 26.2127 113.1572 40.7 0.42 17.8 61 0.259 6.47 0.33 50.00 19.94 Times of ultra standard 0 0.4 0 0 0 / / / / Outlet of Laowu Reservoir, 26.2249 113.1492 58.3 0.52 29.2 74 0.249 6.11 0.33 66.88 17.09 Huangni Town Times of ultra standard 0 0.73 0 0 0 / / / / Zhuangshan canal, Huangni Town 26.2269 113.1530 94.1 0.94 23.8 61 0.274 6.50 0.82 55.79 15.91 Times of ultra standard 0 2.13 0 0 0 / / / / Shihu canal, Huangni Town 26.2132 113.1502 80.4 0.50 29.0 82 0.410 6.42 0.31 75.87 17.69 Times of ultra standard 0 0.66 0 0 0.36 / / / / Muzitang canal, Huangni Town 26.1962 113.1486 38.9 0.41 13.1 51 0.117 6.48 0.35 50.00 19.46 Times of ultra standard 0 0.36 0 0 0 / / / / Irrigation canal in Lijia Group, Jinli 26.0251 113.1239 25.6 0.27 9.2 30 0.174 6.45 0.14 22.21 8.83 Village, Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Irrigation canal of Gaoling Reservoir, Jinli Village, Bianjiang 26.02546 113.1143 38.7 0.37 22.1 48 0.127 6.54 0.27 24.83 12.41 Town Times of ultra standard 0 0.23 0 0 0 / / / / 40 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Level-II standards stated in ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 6.5≤pH≤ 7.5 / / / 41 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table4-18 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals within the Project Areas (continued) Monitoring factor Norther Organ Eastern Cation Name of sampling point n pH Effective ic longitude Pb Cd As Cr Hg exchange latitude (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (dimensi state Cd matte capacity onless) (mg/kg) r (cmol/kg(+)) (g/kg) Irrigation canal, Gaoling Group, Jinli 26.0198 113.1234 38.9 0.34 8.6 39 0.175 6.46 0.12 33.34 9.64 Village, Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 0.13 0 0 0 / / / / Irrigation canal, Tielu Village, Bianjiang 26.0639 113.0977 24.4 0.26 9.0 26 0.169 6.37 0.15 25.57 9.54 Town Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Outlet of Datouling Reservoir, Tielu 26.0682 113.0987 34.3 0.17 23.7 56 0.201 6.42 0.078 21.47 11.78 Village, Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Irrigation canal, Tangmen Village, 26.0595 113.0900 78.0 0.63 31.3 80 0.487 6.24 0.39 85.74 19.06 Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 1.1 0.043 0 0.62 / / / / Canal in Wentangkou Group, Wuni 26.0621 113.0987 49.2 0.52 18.4 61 0.189 6.55 0.24 58.91 13.06 Village, Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 0.73 0 0 0 / / / / Canal in Zhenxia Group, Wuni Village, 26.0579 113.0810 33.9 0.26 12.9 47 0.180 6.33 0.16 43.91 18.24 Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / Outlet of Yangjiachong Reservoir, 26.0514 113.0948 28.4 0.32 12.9 52 0.048 6.67 0.11 11.22 11.14 Bianjiang Town Times of ultra standard 0 0.06 0 0 0 / / / / ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) 6.5≤pH≤ ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 / / / 7.5 42 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 4.6 Investigation of agricultural products ⑴ Investigation object 74 rice samples are collected from the project area in Yongxing County. ⑵Assessment standards National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012) (Standard values: Pb: 0.2mg/kg; inorganic As: 0.2mg/kg; total Cr: 1.0mg/kg; Hg: 0.02mg/kg; Cd: 0.2mg/kg) ⑶ Monitoring results ① Rice risk level in Shihu project area: medium (RⅣ); 4 point locations with measured Cd content <0.2mg/kg (no risk), accounting for 19.05% (21 point locations in all); 6 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 28.57%; 9 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 42.86%; 2 point locations with measured Cd content >0.6mg/kg (extremely high risk), accounting for 9.52%. ② Rice risk level in Muzitang project area: extremely high (RⅤ); 3 point locations with measured Cd content <0.2mg/kg (no risk), accounting for 30% (10 point locations in all); 2 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 20%; 0 point location with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk); 5 point locations with measured Cd content >0.6mg/kg (extremely high risk), accounting for 50%. ③ Rice risk level in Changlu project area: medium (RⅢ); 17 point locations with measured Cd content <0.2mg/kg (no risk), accounting for 54.83% (31 point locations in all); 8 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 25.81%; 3 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 9.68%; 3 point locations with measured Cd content >0.6mg/kg (extremely high risk), accounting for 9.68%. ④ Rice risk level in Songbai project area: medium (RⅢ); 5 point locations with measured Cd content <0.2mg/kg (no risk), accounting for 41.67% (12 point locations in 43 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan all); 1 point location with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 8.33%; 2 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 16.67%; 4 point locations with measured Cd content >0.6mg/kg (extremely high risk), accounting for 33.33%. 44 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 4.7 Social influence identification on environment in project area Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area is summarized in Table 4-19. Table 4-19 Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area Potential social and Description of Involved sensitive No. Project activity environmental Mitigation measures project point influence 1 Rish-based farmland management demonstration According to monitoring  Recipient of program requirements, sample to be tested, monitor the selected four  Sampling is a qualified testing project areas in a densified conducted in the laboratory manner (monitoring point project area and  Irrigation density of 30-50mu for samples are sent to a sources, drains, and mountain, 50-100mu for qualified testing irrigation water contiguous flat area; laboratory for analysis source drains monitoring of heavy metal and monitoring. During  Potential Intensive content in soil, and the process of chemical The waste liquid and sources of surface monitoring and agricultural product, analysis, there may be solid waste generated in water, groundwater 1.1 risk rating monitoring of heavy waste liquid and solid the testing laboratory and air pollution, assessment metals content in wastes, which are shall be treated safely. including industrial sediment, monitoring of handled by the testing and mining irrigation water quality laboratory according to enterprises and heavy metal content, the national involved in heavy etc.). According to the management standard, metal emission in monitoring data, assess the therefore, the the project area, level of risk, and environmental impact tailings pond, determine the is very low. historical pollution comprehensive risk sources , and waste control measures program. heaps, etc. Based on the analysis of valid data such as rice, internal and external agricultural pollutions, and Comprehensive agricultural production 1.2 risk control management, the project measures will adopt targeted risk management and control measures. For details, see 2.1 to 2.4. Yongxing County involves  As the  Sprinkle water to Villagers, schools Engineering a total renovation of small-scale civil reduce dust; and other sensitive 1.2.1 measures drainage channel of construction activity,  Reasonable points around the 2,500m, irrigation canal of the project is located scheduling of small-scale civil 45 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 18,650m, ecological around the agricultural construction; construction interception ditch of land and there is no  Construction activities 3,400m, 12 sedimentation environmentally machinery should meet Landfill receiving tanks, 2 electric pumping sensitive area the national health irrigation canal station s, and field road of surrounding the project. protection standards; sludge (more than 3,000m. The size of the project  Monitor dredging level-3 soil is very small. There are of sediment in the standard) no more than 5-10 irrigation channel, and if project construction the sediment does not workers, it is exceed the level-2 unnecessary to build standard, it can be used construction camps, for land leveling and and the project does not backfilling, but if the involve land sediment is beyond the acquisition, demolition level-2 standard and and ethnic minorities. does not exceed the Noise, waste water and level-3 soil criteria, it solid waste may occur can be used in the forest. during the construction If the soil exceeds the process. However, level-3 standard, the these impacts are very soils are sent to the brief and have little close landfill, provided impact. They are that due diligence on limited to a small area landfill should be of the construction area conducted. and disappear with the end of construction.  Irrigation channel dredging involves the possibility that the sediment may be contaminated by heavy metals.  All agronomic  Based on the soil measures are carried monitoring results, set out in farmland, not the application rates of High-yield rice variety involving land lime, organic fertilizer Sensitive points control, optimizing field acquisition, relocation and soil inactivator such as villagers water management and ethnic minorities. according to soil and schools (flooding irrigation), soil  Irrigation of characteristics and risk affected by the acidification conditioning Agronomic paddy rice during grain degree of different application of lime; 1.2.2 (pH), application of measures filling and heading can project areas. Orchard, woodland organic manure, reduce the uptake of  Select agricultural receiving the application of soil heavy metals by rice. lime for application, removed straw; passivator, adjustment of  Application of which must be Net income of farm planting structure, straw lime can adjust the soil accompanied by households and other measures. pH, reducing crop evidence issued by the absorption of heavy authority for the key metals. However, indicators of product 46 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan excessive application quality. Lime requires of lime may cause soil calcium oxide content of compaction. If lime is 70%. In application of not applied, the health lime, the operating of the lime applicator personnel must wear may be affected if no protective clothing and protective measures are be sure to withdraw taken. windward (grade-4 and  Application of above wind power, lime soil inactivation agent should not be applied); can reduce the activity  The passivating of heavy metals in soil. agent applied must be an  Application of agricultural agent organic manure can registered in the national improve the physical agricultural sector that is and chemical properties allowed to be applied to of soil, but the the farmland to ensure application of that no new heavy unqualified organic metals pollution exists; fertilizer may bring the  Advocate the use secondary heavy metal of commercial organic pollution to farmland fertilizers, select the soil. commercial organic  Adjust the social fertilizer which has impact of planting already been tested in structure. the field and  Removal of determining the safety heavy metals from of the product through straw from farmland is the secondary pollution beneficial to reducing assessment, and has the heavy metals in already been registered; farmland soil. Potential and the heavy metal Environmental Impacts content of the of Straw Disposal Site. commercial organic Social influence. fertilizer shall comply with the standard "Organic Fertilizer" (NY 525 -2012);  Straw is removed for covering orchards and forest. Promote the clean  Facilitate  Timely removal agricultural production, reducing the amount of and recovery of encourage farmers to chemical pesticides; packaging of Agricultural inputs increase organic fertilizer, promote agricultural, agricultural inputs; 1.2.3 Pest management packaging recovery reduce the use of chemical physical, biological which are sent to the units fertilizers byscientific control measures and local specialized application of pesticides, low-toxicity and agricultural inputs implement specialized low-residue chemical packaging recovery 47 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan prevention and green pesticides, which is units; control of crop diseases conducive to ecological  Carry out and pests, and promote and environmental monitoring of diseases low-toxicity and protection in the project and insect pests low-residue efficient area.. Potential  Training of pesticide and modern plant environmental impacts agro-technical personnel protection machinery. of the disposal of and farmers on pest and packaging of disease control agricultural inputs. knowledge; 1.2.4 Other measures Based on the recommendation list of variety of rice for emergency with low cadmium accumulation in Hunan province, conduct research on technology that is safe for and suitable for production of rice in the project area,  No environmental Selection of reasonably select variety Net income of （1） influence. variety of rice in the project area, farmland household  Social influence confirm the cadmium accumulation index of the main paddy rice variety in the project area, and when the BCF index is higher than Ⅵ level, the risk of cadmium accumulation is higher, and it was controlled to access into the project area.  Corns are stored after being inspected and beyond-standard  Factories For the beyond-standard corn shall be purchased undertaking rice, implement the system by the designated industrial use of  Risk of heavy in which specialized enterprise at the national beyond-standard metal contamination as enterprises are arranged to protective price or rice (such as a result of reuse of Control of purchase such rice as market price and shall alcohol plant) residuals after use of （2） beyond-standard industrial grain and feed or be stored in the special  Landfill beyond-standard rice, rice for other industrial use, warehouse. receiving residuals which risk is extremely Such enterprises are  Detect heavy with excessive low. entitled to acquisition metal content in residual heavy metals  Social influence subsidies, and subsidy is of the beyond-standard  Sales price of 200 Yuan / ton. rice after industrial use, agricultural and safely dispose of products residuals with excessive heavy metals by sanitary 48 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan landfill  Prepare the "Program for the Control and Control of Heavy Metals Abnormal Rice". Entities obtaining certificates for Certification of  No adverse pollution-free, green, and place of origin of environmental （3） organic food are entitled to agricultural influence. subsidy of product  Social influence 5,000/10,000/20,000 Yuan. Encourage the project area Agricultural to create the brand of product brand  No adverse agricultural products and （4） building and environmental promotion to enhance the promotion influence. economic value of the expenses product The professional supervision institution shall be employed to supervise the implementation of the project agronomic  No adverse Project 1.3 measures (lime, organic environmental supervision fertilizer, passivation influence. agent, flood irrigation, straw from the fields, etc.). The supervision fee is calculated according to 20 Yuan / mu /season 2 Strengthening monitoring and management of agricultural environment Including 1 set of Establishment of agricultural environmental agricultural  Soft research and monitoring and early 2.1 environment no adverse warning software,1 monitering environmental sampling inspection database and influence. vehicle, and 2 sets of prewarning terminal computers. Establish model based on monitoring data of Risk-based component 1 to support farmland  Soft research and risk management of management tool no adverse 2.2 farmland, and on the basis and preparation environmental of effective combination of agricultural influence. of data and management risk chart tool, determine rating of risk of pollution of 49 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan regional farmland and crops, and prepare agricultural production risk chart for the province. Developer promulgate local rules and regulations and technical standards related to such Development or  Soft research and management as farmland issuance of local no adverse 2.3 pollution prevention and policy and environmental control and rehabilitation, standard influence. and guide the project counties in comprehensive management of farmland pollution control Study the sustainable financing mode and Sustainable ecological compensation investment and mechanism for the  Soft research and financing long-term farmland no adverse 2.4 mechanism and pollution management and environmental ecological soil health restoration influence. compensation action so as to ensure the mechanism sustainable agriculture development in Hunan province Foster the management and technical capacity of government officials; organize international and domestic investigation training; train environmental monitoring personnel and farmers, providing technical assistance to enterprises  No adverse Capacity involved in heavy metal 3 environmental building contamination with a total influence. of 1021.44 person-months; carry out project concept and technology promotion activity by seminars and training, and share and publicize project experience and technology by use of video and printed information. 50 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Provide technical assistance and training (procurement, finance, security policies, etc.) for project management personnel to improve their management capabilities; purchase office equipment required for project management, and to undertake expenses of routine project Project  No adverse management, procurement 4 management and environmental and financial management. evaluation influence. Carry out the project kick-off / completion seminars, and build Mis system; collect farmland environmental quality change and other relevant information and data during the project implementation, and monitor and evaluate the project implementation results. The design size of the settling basin is 2 × 2 × 1.0 m, with cast-in-place concrete structure, the wall of 120mm thickness and of C20 cast-in-place reinforced concrete, and the floor of 120mm thickness and of C20 cast-in-place reinforced concrete. Basin bottom elevation is at least 300mm to the channel bottom elevation. Ecological interception ditch is mainly renovated on the basis of the original drainage ditch, including renovation of ditch bottom and ditch wall, and the construction of intercepting dam. The ditch wall is made of honeycomb cement board, and the cement board is evenly distributed. General cement board specifications is the 60cm × 50cm × 5cm (length × width × thickness), the honeycomb cement board hole diameter in the wall is 8.0cm, and the distance between adjacent holes is 20cm. Ditch bottom is also made of honeycomb-shaped cement board, the layout on the ditch bottom is flat. Ditch cross-section is trapezoidal. Cross sections both of intercepting dam and trench are also trapezoidal, with the central and bottom drainage holes. According to the needs, the water level within the interception section can be divided into 3 statuses: drained, half full and overflow. Dam height is about 70 cm. 51 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) 5.1 Analysis on impacts of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures The civil engineering construction activities of the integrated management project of farmland pollution in Yongxing County can be divided into two categories: ①Small-scale civil engineering construction including the front sedimentation tank and electric pumping station construction and repair of the small field roads (only involving the road leveling and reinforcement without increasing the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel); ②The field irrigation facility construction including the drainage canal and irrigation canal renovation and the ecological intercepting ditch construction. The project civil engineering activities impact water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment and ecological environment during construction. Civil construction engineering activities in Yongxing County are actually conducted on a smaller scale. The project is located in the farmland in the immediate vicinity. Project and the surrounding area have no environmentally sensitive districts and the project scale is actually very small. The project construction workers are no more than 5-10 persons without any need of building the construction camp. Moreover, the project is not involved with land acquisition, dismantling and relocation and ethnic minorities. It is likely to produce dust, noise, waste water (sewage) and solid waste, etc., in the construction process, the impact of which is temporary and insignificant as they are only limited within the small construction scope and may be immediately gone with the conclusion of the engineering construction. 5.1.1 Analysis on impacts on water environment during construction Waste water during construction mainly includes construction wastewater and domestic sewage of constructors. 52 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan The construction wastewater of the project is mainly the foundation pit excavation water seepage, concrete mixing wastewater, concrete curing wastewater, sand-gravel material washing wastewater, machinery wastewater with oil appearing during the small-scale civil engineering construction and the field irrigation facility construction. The waste water is in a small amount. The pollution factors of the waste water are mainly SS, petroleum and COD etc. The main pollutants of the domestic sewage are COD, BOD5 and SS. The accommodation of the project constructors is depending on the nearby village. According to the practical situation of local villages, the domestic sewage is collected in the septic-tank and is cleared regularly to be used as manure. The arbitrary discharge of construction wastewater without any treatment will cause a certain amount of pollution to soil and surface water. Especially in the rainy weather, it will have a greater influence on the surface water environment, but it will not bring heavy metal contamination. In addition, the construction of the electric pumping station and the ecological intercepting ditch will disturb the sediments in water, which will increase the SS concentration in the water and have short impacts on the downstream water environment. This kind of project should stay away from the farmland irrigation period. The reasonable construction method should be taken and the construction time should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the disturbance to the canal bed and minimize the impact on the water. 5.1.2 Analysis on impacts on ambient air during construction The impact of the project construction has concentrated impact on ambient air. The ambient air pollution mainly comes from the construction dust. During the construction, canal excavation, dregs transportation and loading, site clean-up and field construction will produce raised dust. The construction sites of the project are dispersed and the scale of the construction site in each project area is small. Therefore, the construction dust produced is only in a small amount. Usually it only has some impacts on the constructors. After the watering and dust suppression measures are taken, its impact on the regional environment 53 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan is slight. 5.1.3 Analysis on impacts on acoustic environment during construction The noises during the construction are the noise on the construction site and the traffic noise during material transportation. ①The noise on the construction site The noises on the construction site mainly include the mechanical equipment noise and the impact noise during material loading such as shoveling and transportation, concreting, earthrock filling as well as aggregated rock and gravel loading etc. Since the construction machinery is in mobile outdoor operation and has no sound insulation measures, it will have some impacts on the residents living around the construction site. ②The traffic noise The truck will be mainly used as the transportation vehicle during the construction. The maximum noise intensity of a truck can reach 90dB(A). The construction sites of the project are dispersed, the work amount of each project area is small and there are not so many transportation vehicles. Therefore, the traffic noise in the construction transportation is intermittent and short. The work amount in each project area of the project is small and dispersed, the noises produced during the construction is intermittent and short. In addition, the construction is only conducted during the daytime and the construction sites are normally over 200m away from the centralized settlement of the village. Therefore, the impact of the noises is slight. By strengthening management and taking corresponding environmental control measures, its impact can be minimized. 5.1.4 Analysis on impacts of solid wastes during construction The solid wastes during the construction are mainly the temporarily stockpiled dregs for foundation excavation during the renovation of drainage and irrigation canals and the construction of front sedimentation tanks and ecological intercepting ditches and field road maintenance, as well as the domestic wates produced by the constructors. If no preventive measures are taken to the dregs, they will affect the landscape. In rainy seasons, they will 54 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan cause water and soil loss; in windy and dry weather, they will produce flying dust. If the domestic wastes are not treated in time, they will breed mosquitoes in mild temperature and cause a stink and transmit diseases, thus having adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. The construction contents of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal are the renovation and hardening of the original canals. The “grouted rubble +concrete” will be adopted for reinforcement. The designed volume of the front sedimentation tank is 4 m 3. Its work amount is small and the excavated works can be used to dig canals; the ecological intercepting ditch is constructed based on the original canals. By planting aquatic plants in the canals and ditches and setting up multi-level interception dams, the functions of water purification and sediment and flotage interception can be realized. The field road needs to be repaired is only 3km long, no increase in pavement width and length, pavement to be sand-gravel and earthwork shall be in balance within working section.The subproject areas of Yongxing County are all in the mountainous and hilly areas. The work amount of each project site is not large, so the excavated dregs can be used for land levelling on site. The quantity of the constructors’ domestic wastes is small. The domestic wastes of the constructors are in a small quantity. They can be collected on the construction site and cleared and transported by the construction side. Therefore, the domestic wastes have slight impacts on the surrounding environment. Prior to the hardening and upgrading of channel in this project, it requires the dredging of the channel, mainly clearing and removing the channel sediments. In the actual construction process, a temporary sedimentation tank is intended to be built in the lower waste land in each construction section for the air drying of the channel sediments, and it will be further disposed of until sediments become solid. Where five factors in sediments, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, comply with Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), the sediments will be leveled and filled back in the nearby hollow place, thus exerting insignificant impact on the surrounding soil environment; where a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments goes or go beyond Level-II standard of Environmental quality 55 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan standard for soils (GB15618-1995) but is or are lower than Level-III standard thereof, the sediments, after the air drying, will be transported to the forest land for the consumptive purpose, mainly used as the soil fertilization in the forest land, thus exerting very insignificant impact on the forestland soil; however, if a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments goes or go beyond Level-III standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), the sediments, after the air drying, will be transported to the landfill for the sanitary landfill, so this kind of sediments can be disposed of in a safer manner. In view of the channels to be dredged in Yongxing County, refer to Table 5-1 for the details about the actual condition where a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, goes or go beyond Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), and different disposal measures will be taken in view of the degree of sediments in excess of the standard. The abovementioned measures immediately taken can help the proper disposal of the sediments to be dredged from the channels in this project, thus exerting the insignificant impact on environment. Table 5-1: Heavy metal content and disposal measures for sediments to be dredged from the channel in Yongxing County Sediments heavy metal factors in Channel to be No. excess of the Excessive condition Disposal measure dredged standard and content (mg/kg) Exceeding Level-Ⅲ Irrigation standard of After air dried, transported to channel in 1 Cd: 1.29 Environmental quality Yongxing refuse landfill to Songbai standard for soils implement sanitary landfill Village (GB15618-1995) Exceeding Level-II standard of Irrigation Environmental quality After air dried, transported to channel in 2 Cd: 0.42 standard for soils forest land in Huangni town for Quantian (GB15618-1995) but forest land fertilization Village lower Level-III standard thereof Irrigation Exceeding Level-II After air dried, transported to 3 Cd: 0.94 channel in standard of forest land in Huangni town for 56 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Zhuangshan Environmental quality forest land fertilization Village standard for soils (GB15618-1995) but lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Irrigation Environmental quality After air dried, transported to Cd: 0.50 4 channel in standard for soils forest land in Huangni town for Hg: 0.410 Shihu Village (GB15618-1995) but forest land fertilization lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Irrigation Environmental quality After air dried, transported to channel in 5 Cd: 0.41 standard for soils forest land in Huangni town for Muzitang (GB15618-1995) but forest land fertilization Village lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Irrigation Environmental quality After air dried, transported to 6 channel in Cd: 0.34 standard for soils forest land in Bianjiang town for Jinli Village (GB15618-1995) but forest fertilization lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Irrigation Environmental quality After air dried, transported to 7 channel in Cd: 0.73 standard for soils forest land in Bianjiang town for Wuni Village (GB15618-1995) but forest land fertilization lower Level-III standard thereof Remarks: Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) applies to farmland soil; Level-III standard thereof applies to the forestland soil and the high background value soil with the larger pollutant capacity. 5.1.5 Analysis on impacts on ecological environment during construction The construction contents of the project are mainly the renovation of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal and the construction of the ecological intercepting ditch, the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation tank and field road maintenance. The drainage canal and the irrigation canal in the project are renovated from the original canals. The ecological intercepting ditch is constructed based on the original ditch. Therefore, there is almost no newly-added land use; and the construction and repair of the field roads do not increase the width and length of the roads without the land acquisition; electric 57 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan pumping station and front sedimentation tanks only cover a smaller land area and is intended to be built in the vacant land within the project area without the land acquisition as well. The occupied land of the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation tank is quite small. During the construction, the construction site, the temporary dreg yard and the construction material storage need to occupy some lands temporarily, which will have great impacts on the ecological elements such as the vegetation and the soil environment, etc. The land occupancy, the machinery grinding and personnel activities etc. may damage the vegetation on the earth’s surface and affect the function of the ecosystem; during the excavation and the filling, the stripping of the vegetation on the earth’s surface will cause the damage of the vegetation on the earth’s surface and meanwhile the waste soil stockpile will cause the soil erosion inevitably. Therefore, during the construction, the temporary water and soil loss will be caused. The project doesn’t have a large area of permanently occupied lands. After the construction is completed, the temporarily occupied construction land can be used for reclamation planting at any time. Therefore, the project has slight impacts on land use. 5.1.6 Analysis on mitigation measures to common impacts of the project civil engineering construction on environment For the mitigation measures to impacts of the project civil engineering construction on environment, please see the following appendixes: Appendix 1 Environmental Protection Regulations of Small-scale Civil Engineering Construction ECOP Appendix 2 Environmental Protection Regulations of Field Irrigation Facility Construction ECOP 5.1.7 Analysis of impact of the project construction activities on the specific points and mitigation measures If the heavy metals in the sediments meet the Class II of the Ambient Soil Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995) that is designed to ensure the soil quality to meet the requirements for safeguarding the human health and agricultural production, the sediments 58 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan will be used on site; if the heavy metals exceed the Class II but below the Class III that is designed to safeguard the normal growth of trees, agricultural crops (excludes vegetables), the sediments will be applied in woodland; and if the heavy metals exceed the Class III, the minimum requirements for beneficiary use of soil, the sediments will be dried and transported to local sanitary landfills for landfill where the landfill facilities are designed and constructed to the sanitary standards. (1) Impact of construction dust on the special sensitive target The small civil construction and filed irrigation facilities in this project is involved with the small scale construction of a single engineering and the scope of the construction dust impact is mainly within 100m according to the similar survey. In Shihu project area, Huangni branch of Chaoyang Experimental Elementary School is 60m from construction area; in Muzitang project area, Huangni Middle School is 55m from construction area, Huangni town Shihu Elementary School is 80m from construction area; in Changlu project area, Jinli Elementary School is 90m from construction area, Wuni Whole Elementary School is 50m from construction area, Bitang Xinxin Kindergarten is 85m from construction area; in Songbai project area, Xiangyindu Central Elementary School is 70m from construction area, these sensitive targets will be influenced greatly by the construction dust. In order to reduce these influences, it intends to take corresponding watering and lowering dust measures to minimize the dust influence. (2) Impact of construction noise on the special sensitive target The single engineering construction quantity in this project is quite small and the construction is scattered and the noise arising from the construction process is intermittent and transient and the construction period is only limited in the daytime. Huangni Branch of Chaoyang Experimental Elementary School in Shihu project area, Huangni Middle School, Huangni Shihu Elementary School in Muzitang project area, Jinli Elementary School, Wuni Whole Elementary School, Bitang Xinxin Kindergarten in Changlu project area, Xiangyindu Central Elementary School in Songbai project are about 50m to 90m from construction area, these sensitive targets will be influenced by the construction noise. 59 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan This project intends to adopt the following measures to mitigate the impact on the sensitive acoustic environmental protection target: ① The construction within 200m from the surrounding area of the school should be arranged at the non-schooling period. ② The construction machines and equipment (particularly the high noise equipment) should be put in places 200m away from the school; ③ The construction transport should avoid the road of access to the school. However, if it is hard to avoid it, the transport of construction materials and residue earth should be arranged after school instead of the school sessions. ④The transport vehicles should slow down next to the school and try not to horn. The single civil construction time in this project is very short and the impact on the surrounding sensitive target will be temporary. The abovementioned effective measures can reduce the noise to the maximum, so the impact on the surrounding sensitive target can comply with the relevant standard requirements. (3) Impact of dredged sediments in excess of the standard on specific sites ① Influence to forest land in Huangni town and Bianjiang town The heavy metal content in irrigation channel dredged sediment from Quantian village, Zhuangshan village, Shihu village, Muzitang village, Jinli village and Wuni village exceeds the Level-II standard of Soil Environment Quality Standard (GB15618-1995), but lower than Level-III, after air dried, these sediment needs to be transported to nearby forest lands in Huangni town and Bianjiang town to be digested, used for forest land fertilization, transport vehicles shall be sheltered by tent to prevent falls. The forest land area in Huangni town is 140 thousand mu and Bianjiang town to be 180 thousand mu, but the digested sediments are less than 60 tons, so these sediments can be digested sufficiently in the two towns. The soil in forest land follows the Level-III standard of Soil Environment Quality Standard (GB15618-1995), while these digested sediments satisfied the requirements of Level-III standard, thus the sediment influences to the forest land in Huangni town and Bianjiang town can be accepted. ②Yongxing refuse landfill 60 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Irrigation sediment in Songbai village exceeds the Level-III standard of Soil Environment Quality Standard (GB15618-1995) shall be transported to Yongxing refuse landfill by vehicles after air dried. The landfill is located in Chengjiao village, Chengguan town and 3km away from country, it takes anticorrosion and anti-seepage treatment to satisfy the construction specifications and requirements of household refuse landfill. The refuse landfill covers total capacity of 3.2 million cubic meters, rubbish treatment capacity to be 200 tons per day, rubbish leachate treatment capacity to be 280 tons with about 30 years of service life period. The irrigation sediment is about 10 tons in Songbai village has less influence to Yongxing refuse landfill with 1.29mg/m3 of Cd content and low content of heavy metal. The sanitary landfill in Yongxing county has enough capacity and is available to accept dredged sediments that exceeds the Class III of the Ambient Soil Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995)" 5.2 Analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources and mitigation measures 5.2.1 Investigation and analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources (1) Analysis on the impact of the pollution source surrounding Changlu Project Area Changlu Project Area involves Jinli Village, Tangmen Village, Wuni village and Tielu Village. The cadmium single pollution is the main pollution in its arable land. Through on-the-spot survey, public consultation and data collection and analysis, it is found that there is the smelting enterprise but no tailing pond, stockpiled waste residue and residents’ mining problems left over by history surrounding and at the upstream of Changlu Project Area. See Table 5-2 for its pollution source investigation results. Table 5-2 Pollution source Situation Surrounding Changlu Project Area Category Specific situation Pollution source or Yongxing County Shunxing Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. enterprise name It is located in Pailou Village and established in 1994. In 2008, it was integrated Introduction to with Bitang Township Smelting Plant I, Plant II and Plant III. With an area of enterprise history 50 mu, it had a total investment of 19.96 million yuan. It was closed at the end 61 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan of 2013. Electrolytic lead 2,000t/a; silver 100 t/a; refined bismuth 200 t/a; tin 200 t/a; Product and scale antimony white 80 t/a. Drainage path Upstream, 500m away from the project area. Solid waste yard and The plant has been closed. No waste residue left on site. location Pollution source According to the EIA data of the project: smoke dust 8.309t/a; SO2 12.684 t/a; intensity in history Pb 0.069 t/a; As 0.3574 t/a; F0.1433 t/a and a small amount of Cd. 500m away from the upstream of the farmland of Wuni Village in the project area, there used to be Yongxing County Shunxing Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd. which was a smelting enterprise. According to the EIA report of the project and the historical data provided by Yongxing County Environmental Protection Bureau, the enterprise used to discharge waste gases containing heavy metals such as Pb and As etc. The smeltery waste gas is the main heavy metal contamination source, followed by the smeltery waste water in history. The enterprise was closed in 2013. The plant was closed, too. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the plant. No waste residue left on site. Therefore, the enterprise almost won’t cause new heavy metal contamination to the farmland at the downstream. After being verified by Yongxing Environmental Protection Agency, at the time of the smelting enterprise closed, smelting waste water in factory has been transported to Yongxing Yuantai Company for up-to-standard treatment. Yongxing Yuantai Company is the legitimate enterprise of high concentration smelting waste water treatment in Yongxing country; the smelting waste residue containing valuable metal in factory has been transported to Bolin industrial park for recycling and operated in strict accordance with hazardous waste management regulations, and Yongxing Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for monitoring the implement of the whole process. After verifing at site, there is no waste residue or water in the field of Yongxing Shunxing Non-ferrous Metal Co., Ltd. and no new influence of heavy metal pollution on downstream farmland, no heavy metal pollution soils discovered in enterprise address. (2) Songbai Project Area Songbai Project area is located in Songbai Village in Bianjiang Town in the southwest of Yongxing County. The cadmium single pollution is the main pollution in the arable land. The original irrigation water source in the project area comes from Zhengjiachong 62 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Reservoir and Xihe River. The cadmium content of Zhengjiachong Reservoir is 0.192mg/L which seriously exceeds the standard value (0.01mg/L) in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) and the water quality of Xihe River reaches the standard. However, the water quality of Xihe River reaches the standard. Therefore, the irrigation water from Zhengjiachong Reservoir brings cadmium pollution to the downstream farmland. Through on-the-spot survey, public consultation and data collection and analysis, it is found that there is the smelting enterprise but no tailing pond, stockpiled waste residue and residents’ mining problems left over by history surrounding and at the upstream of Songbai Project Area. See Table 5-3 for its pollution source situation. TABLE 5-3 Pollution source Situation Surrounding Songbai Project Area Category Specific situation Pollution source or enterprise Yongxing County Ruijing Smelting Plant name Introduction to Established in 2003, it has an area of 6,700m2 and a total project investment of 6 enterprise million yuan. It will be closed at the end of 2016 history Product and Silver 40 t/a; antimony white 100 t/a. scale It is located at the downstream of Xihe River, about 5km away from the project area. Drainage path It is located about 600m north of Zhengjiachong Reservoir, so it is not at the upstream of the reservoir. Solid waste A few dangerous solid wastes are stored in the indoor residue storage temporarily. yard and The storage has seepage-proof measures. location Pollution Smoke dust 5.92t/a; SO2 8.68 t/a; Pb0.068 t/a, As 0.416t/a and a small amount of Cd. sources and No industrial waste water is discharged. source intensity 5km away from the project area, there is Yongxing County Ruijing Smelting Plant. The enterprise is still in operation and has complete procedures of environmental protection. Through on-the-spot survey, it is found that the enterprise discharges waste gases containing Pb and As etc and exhaust gas is discharged after factory standard treatment, but no industrial waste water is dumped in factory area. In addition, the smelting enterprise is not located at the upstream of the project area. Anticorrosion and anti-seepage residue storehouse is settled in factory area with a small amount of hazard solid waste securely stored in it. It almost won’t pollute the surface water and the underground water or cause heavy metal pollution of soil in enterprise address. 63 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan After being virified by Yongxing Environmental Protection Agency, the enterprise will move to Bolin Industrial park before the end of 2017, while the existing address will be closed and staff will move to new factory. After it is closed at the end of 2017, the enterprise will strictly clean the equipment in the plant and the slag yard according to the environmental requirements to eradicate the heavy metal contamination source. After being verified by Yongxing Environmental Protection Agency, at the time of Yongxing smelting enterprise closed, smelting waste water in factory has been transported to Yongxing Yuantai Company for treatment; the smelting waste residue containing valuable metal in factory will be sold to Bolin industrial park for recycling ,which would be operated in strict accordance with hazardous waste management regulations, and Yongxing Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the whole process. Through the above measures, it will eliminate the influences of heavy metal pollution on regional farmland. Bolin Industrial Park is the recipient industrial park after Yongxing Ruijing Smelting Factory moved and located in the north of Bolin town with the closest distance of 25km from the project area, covering 4.2 square kilometers. In 2013, Hunan Environmental Protection Authority approved the environment assessment of the industrial park (XHP [2013]319), which mainly accepted heavy metal smelting enterprises and centralized standardized management on these enterprises. It is required that these enterprises shall build standard workshop, associated supporting sewage treatment plant of 5100m3/d (environmental approval No.: CHH [2015]203), also the emergency pool, etc.; waste water and gas must be emitted on standard; indoor anticorrosion and anti-seepage residue storehouse should be built to store and process the hazard solid waste safely. The cadmium content of Zhengjiachong Reservoir at the upstream of Songbai Project Area is 18.2 times more than that in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). Since the reservoir brings cadmium pollution to the farmland at the downstream, it can’t be used for the downstream farmland irrigation. The EIA requests that the water in Zhengjiachong Reservoir should not be used for the farmland irrigation at the downstream of the project area and the drainage from Zhengjiachong Reservoir should not 64 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan flow through the project area. The drainage path from Zhengjiachong Reservoir to the project area will be cut off and new electric pumping stations will be built. In addition, Xihe River diversion canal will be renovated. The status survey and the monitoring results show that cadmium, lead and hexavalent chromium are not tested in the water of Xihe River, the content of arsenic is 0.020~0.023mg/L and the content of mercury is 0.00002 mg/L. All the monitoring factors satisfy Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) and the water volume of Xihe River completely meets the regional irrigation demand. In addition, it is suggested that the government of Yongxing County conduct environmental treatment to Zhengjiachong Reservoir to make the water quality of the reservoir reach the corresponding standards. Through the above measures, Songbai Project Area is able to use clean irrigation water source and put an end to new pollution sources. (3) Shihu Project Area Shihu Project Area is located in Huangni Town in the northeast of Yongxing County. The cadmium single pollution is the main pollution in the arable land. Through on-the-spot survey, public consultation and data collection and analysis, it is found that the project area is close to Huangni Industrial park, no tailing pond, stockpiled waste residue and residents’ mining problems are left over by history surrounding and at the upstream of project area. The main pollution source of Shihu Project Area is the discharged pollutants containing heavy metals of the enterprises involving heavy metal contamination in Huangni Industrial Park. See Table 5-3 for its pollution source situation. Huangni Industrial Park is about 500m from the project area downstream in the southwest direction. Most enterprises in Huangni Industrial Park were established in the 1990s. Yongxing County Deweixin Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Yongxing County Shunda Smelting Plant, Yongxing County Yongxin Silver Industry Co., Ltd. and Yongxing County Rongshengfuli Co., Ltd. etc. were closed in 2013. Both Yongxing Xintai Silver Industry Co., Ltd. and Chenzhou Yongxing Huiyuan Smelting Co., Ltd were closed at the end of 2015. Through on-the-spot survey, it is found that the plants of the enterprises have been closed. When the enterprise was closed, it cleaned the equipment and slag yard in the 65 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan plant. No waste residue is left on site. Therefore, the enterprise almost won’t cause new heavy metal contamination to the farmland. When these enterprises were closed, they have cleaned up the factory equipment and residue field in strict accordance with environmental protection requirements and eliminated heavy metal pollution sources. After being verified by Yongxing Environmental Protection Agency, at the time of smelting enterprise closed in Huangni Industrical Park, smelting waste water in factory has been transported to Yongxing Yuantai Company for recycling and treatment, Yongxing Yuantai Company is the legitimate enterprise of high concentration smelting waste water treatment in Yongxing country; the smelting waste residue containing valuable metal in factory will be sold to Bolin industrial park for recycling ,which would be operated in strict accordance with hazardous waste management regulations, and Yongxing Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the whole process. Through the above measures, it will eliminate the influences of heavy metal pollution on regional farmland. 66 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 5-4 Condition of the Enterprises in Huangni Industrial Park near Shihu Project Area Category Specific condition Pollution Yongxing County Yongxing County source or Yongxing County Xintai Chenzhou Yongxing Yongxing County Yongxing County Deweixin Non-ferrous Yongxin Silver Industry enterprise Silver Industry Co., Ltd. Huiyuan Smelting Co., Ltd Shunda Smelting Plant Rongshengfuli Co., Ltd. Metals Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd. name Established in the 1990s, Established in the 1990s, it it has an area of 23,300m2 Established in the 1990s, has an area of 52,735m2, Established in the 1990s, Established in the 1990s, Constructed and put into Introduction and a total project it has an area of over with total investment of 10 it has an area of 4,800m2 it has an area of 6,527m2 operation om 2003, it has investment of 30 million 4,000m2 and a total to million yuan, closed at the and a total project and a total project an area of 14,653 m2 and yuan. The enterprise was project investment of 6 enterprise end of 2015.The investment of 6 million investment of 5 million a total project investment closed at the end of 2015. million yuan. It was history government promises that yuan. It was closed at the yuan. It was closed at the of 6 million yuan. It was The government promises closed at the end of it will be closed at the end end of 2013. end of 2013. closed at the end of 2013. that it will be closed at the 2013. of 2016. end of 2016. Bismuth oxide series Electrolytic lead 3,000 Electrolytic lead 3,000 Product and Electrolytic copper: products 600 t/a, mica Electrolytic lead 3,100 t/a; t/a; silver 88 t/a; gold t/a; silver 16 t/a; gold Silver 100t/a scale 3,600t/a paperboard series products silver 50 t/a; gold 80kg/a. 30kg/a. 35kg/a. 7,700 t/a. 300~1,000m away from 300~1,000m away from 300~1,000m away from 300~1,000m away from 300~1,000m away from 300~1,000m away from the downstream of the the downstream of the the downstream of the the downstream of the the downstream of the the downstream of the Drainage project area, Huangni project area, Huangni project area, Huangni project area, Huangni project area, Huangni project area, Huangni path Industrial Park-Shihuhe Industrial Park-Shihuhe Industrial Park-Shihuhe Industrial Park-Shihuhe Industrial Park-Shihuhe Industrial Park-Shihuhe River-Nijiangxia River-Nijiangxia River-Nijiangxia River-Nijiangxia River-Nijiangxia River-Nijiangxia Gorge-Bianjiang River Gorge-Bianjiang River Gorge-Bianjiang River Gorge-Bianjiang River Gorge-Bianjiang River Gorge-Bianjiang River Solid waste yard and Cleaned up, no residue Cleaned up, no residue Nothing left. Nothing left. Nothing left. Nothing left. location Smoke dust 6.624t/a; Smoke dust 7.1t/a; Pollution Smoke dust 6.54t/a; SO2 Smoke dust 7.4t/a; SO2 Smoke dust 3.806t/a; SO2 Smoke dust 14.85t/a; SO2 SO219.4 t/a; Pb0.331 t/a. SO210.5 t/a; Pb0.338 t/a, 38.45 t/a; Pb0.015 t/a, As 16.3 t/a; Pb0.5t/a, As0.11 7.010/a; Pb 0.121t/a, As sources and 3.99t/a; Pb 0.034 t/a, As A small amount of As As0.08 t/a, a small 0.10t/a, sulfuric acid mist t/a, a small amount of Cd; 0.218t/a, a small amount source 0.0022t/a. No process and Cd; no process amount of Cd; no 0.34 t/a. No process no process wastewater is of Cd; no process intensity wastewater is discharged. wastewater is process wastewater is wastewater is discharged. discharged. wastewater is discharged. discharged. discharged. 67 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan （4）Muzitang Project Area Located in Huangni Town, Muzitang Project Area involves Muzitang Village and Dongze Village. The main pollution is the cadmium single pollution. Through on-the-spont survey, public consultation and data collection and analysis, it is found that there is no tailing pond, stockpiled waste residue and residents’ mining problems left over in surrounding except for the historical pollution sources of Huangni Industrial Park. Huangni Industrial Park is about 400m from the project area upstream in the northwest direction. See Table 5-4 for the condition of the enterprises in the park. The pollution source in Muzitang Project area is clear. The three wastes (waste gas; waste water; industrial residue) from the enterprises involving heavy metal contamination in Huangni Industrial Park are the main sources of pollution, especially the gas contamination source. When enterprises closed in Huangni industrial park, they have cleaned up the factory equipment and residue field in strict accordance with environmental protection requirements and eliminated heavy metal pollution sources. 5.2.2 Mitigation measures (1) The government departments should strengthen coordinated management and close the smelting enterprises according to the closing plan while taking the whole process of supervision of smelting enterprise closure. It also should conduct supervision on the whole process and supervise related enterprises to clear the heavy metal contamination source, especially the smelting waste residues in the residue storage in the plant. In addition, the government departments should conduct safety treatment or entrust the qualified enterprise to make a comprehensive use of the waste residues so that the waste residues won’t cause new heavy metal contamination to the surrounding and downstream farmland. (2) Before the smelting enterprises are torn down, the construction party should report it to the local department in charge of environmental protection and consult them about the environmental problems which should be paid attention to during demolition and the measures which should be taken. The demolition should be conducted with the guidance of 68 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan the local environmental protection administration. (3) For the dangerous solid wastes left, they should be stored temporarily and transferred according to the requirements in the Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001). The different kinds of solid wastes in the plant should be stockpiled in the categories of dangerous solid wastes and general solid wastes. Coal cinders should be treated or used together with construction wastes. Also, discarding at will which will cause pollution is prohibited. (4) Before the facility is torn down, the dangerous wastes such as the dangerous solid wastes involving heavy metal contamination and the smoke dust left in the system should be cleared. The enterprises should sell them out for comprehensive utilization or entrust the qualified enterprise to treat them. Discarding them at will which will cause pollution is prohibited. (5) The old bricks and bar constructions in the construction wastes can be recycled. Other construction wastes should be treated according to standards. Discarding at will is prohibited. The ground of the plant should be cleaned carefully. The dust left on the ground should be washed out. (6) The water of Zhengjiachong Reservoir should not be used for the farmland irrigation in the downstream project area. It is required that the drainage water from Zhengjiachong Reservoir should not flow through the project area. The PMO should strengthen supervision and management, regularly examine the diverted drainage canal of Zhengjiachong Reservoir to prevent overflows from entering the farmland of the project area and guarantee the irrigation water safety of the project area. (7) Build new electric pumping stations and renovate the Xihe River diversion canal to meet the requirement on the quality and volume of the farmland irrigation water in the project area. (8) It is suggested that Yongxing County government conduct environmental protection treatment to Zhengjiachong Reservoir to make the reservoir water quality meet the standard in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) and eradicate the potential safety hazard of cadmium pollution to the downstream farmland. 69 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan (9) For excess sediments in the irrigation water, set up necessary front sedimentation tanks. Under normal circumstances, the front sedimentation tank volume should meet the requirements for the irrigation water settling time of 2h. The front sedimentation tank should be managed by a specially-assigned person appointed by the PMO. The precipitated sludge should be monitored and cleared every year regularly. The precipitated sludge is the general solid waste. Therefore, the sludge can be used for road filling or filled in the downfold after it is dried; otherwise, if the precipitated sludge is the dangerous solid waste, it must be transferred and treated by the qualified enterprise according to relevant risk requirements. See Picture 5-1 for the typical front sedimentation tank. Main flow zone Circular flow zone Water inlet Turbulent flow zone Water outlet 70 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Picture 5-1 Typical Front sedimentation tank 5.3 Analysis on impacts of agricultural activities and mitigation measures In the agricultural activities of Yongxing County, the factors with impact on the environment include: flooding irrigation, lime application (soil acidification and adjustment of pH value), use of organic fertilizer, use of soil passivator, adjustment of plantation structure, etc. Those with influence on certain points include: removal of straw from field and control of out-of-limit rice. All agricultural activities of Yongxing County are implemented in field, not involving land acquisition, demolition and ethnic minorities. 71 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 5.3.1 Analysis on common environment impacts of agricultural activities 5.3.1.1 Analysis of the impact of flooding irrigation During the period of project implementation, flooding irrigation could reduce heavy metal absorption in rice during the period of grain filing and heading. Yongxing County has abundant water sources for irrigation. Although flooding irrigation temporarily increases irrigating water volume during the period of grain filling and heading, compared with the abundant irrigating water resource in the area, this volume is still quite small and has very little impact on agricultural irrigation in the region. The flooding irrigation of this project has positive impact on the environment. 5.3.1.2 Analysis on impacts of lime spreading The irrigation water in the project area is faintly acid. Spreading proper amount of lime can adjust the pH value of the water. The lime amount can be chosen scientifically according to the soil pH value and the soil texture. See Table 5-5 for the specific amount of the first year. The amount of the second year can be adjusted according to the change of the soil pH value. Usually, the amount of the second year is half of that of the first year. The spreading will be stopped in the third year and the amount of the fourth year is same as that of the second year. The rest can be done in the same manner. Table 5-5 Table of Lime Amount (Unit: kg/hectare) Soil texture/pH value ＜4.5 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 ＞6.5 Sandy soil 3,150 2,250 1,800 Not applied Loam 3,600 2,700 2,250 Not applied Clay 4,500 3,600 3,375 Not applied After the lime is applied, the heavy metal ionic concentration in the irrigation water is reduced and the pH value still meets the requirements in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). The applied lime is the joint product of quick lime (CaO content ＞ 70%) and limestone (CaO content ＞ 70%) as well as dolomite (CaO+MgO content >45%) etc. in the proportion of 1:3. The small percentage of the quick lime can effectively prevent the crops and people from being burned during the application. 72 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan The soil in the project area is acidized in different levels and is faintly acid. The application of lime can reduce the acidity of the soil and improve the activity of the microorganism. Lime is the good material to neutralize acidic soil. It can boost the sedimentation of the ions such as cadmium and lead etc. in soil, restrain the activity of the heavy metals in soil and reduce the content of cadmium in rice. The application of lime can improve the soil pH value and help with the activity of microorganisms (the microorganism likes the near-neutral soil environment). The lime applied to the farmland is the joint product of dry powders. The lime is spread with the spreader and by people. During the spreading, it is unavoidable to cause lime dust pollution to local ambient air, but the scope of impacts is small and the influencing time is short. It mainly has adverse effects on the lime spreading worker and has slight impacts on the surrounding residents. While the workers are spreading quck lime, they must be well protected. They must wear protection suits and respirator to guarantee safety. 5.3.1.3 (2) Analysis on impacts of the application of soil amendment All the passivation amendment applied is the agricultural agent which is registered and allowed by the national agricultural department to be applied to the farmland. Therefore, it is guaranteed that it won’t cause new heavy metal contamination. Currently, the passivator materials used for the passivation amendment of farmland soil heavy metal contamination both at home and abroad mainly include: (1) clay minerals; (3) material containing phosphorus; (4) silicon-calcium materials; (5) metallic oxide such as ferric oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, goethite, manganese oxide and cryptomelane etc.; (6) organic materials; (7) industrial wastes etc. In the actual application to the farmland, avoid applying the industrial waste as the passivation amendment as far as possible to prevent the new secondary pollution or the damage of the structure and physicochemical property of the soil as well as the destruction of the environment, which has unpredictable adverse effects on the long-term environmental quality of the farmland. In terms of the current using effect, after the passivation amendment of the farmland soil heavy metal contamination, the available reduction rate of the heavy metals such as Cd and 73 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Pb etc. can reach 10%~30% and the available reduction rate of Ca, Pb etc. in the crops (rice and vegetables etc.) can reach 30%~70%. In combination with the agronomic regulation measures, the remediation efficiency can reach 90%. The passivation amendment stability of Cd and Pb etc. in common soil can be more than 3 years. In addition, under many circumstances, as the amendment time is extended, the passivation amendment stability effect of heavy metals in soil becomes more obvious. The organic passivator helps restore the micro-ecological environment system in soil and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in soil so as to reduce the poison in the crops. During the farmland soil heavy metal contamination passivation amendment, a large amount of the applied passivator may have adverse effects on the soil environment quality. After the application of the passivator, attention should be paid to the stability of the passivator itself, the long-term stability of the heavy metals after passivation/ stabilization and the long-term impact of the passivator on the soil texture, physicochemical properties and environmental quality. In addition, conduct comprehensive tracking, monitoring and evaluation on the influence of the passivation amendment on the growth, output, and quality etc. of the crops. 5.3.1.4 Analysis on impacts of the application of organic fertilizer The organic fertilizer is rich in organic matters and the nutrient substances necessary to the growth of the crops. It can provide nutrients required by the growth of the crops, improve soil and the quality of the crops, increase the crop yield, boost the high and stable yield of the crops, maintain the fertility of soil, increase the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and reduce production costs. The full and reasonable use of the organic fertilizer can increase the crop yield; improve the fertility of the farmland, the quality of the agricultural products and the availability of the soil nutrients. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer and they can be categorized as follows: ①agricultural wastes, such as straws, bean pulp and cotton dregs etc.; ②excrements of livestock and poultries, such as excrements of chicken, cows, sheep and rabbit; ③industrial wastes, such as distillers’ solubles, vinegar residues, manioc wastes, sugar wastes and furfural residues etc.; ④domestic wastes like kitchen wastes etc.; 74 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan ⑤municipal sludge, such as river sludge and sewer sludge etc. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer. The straws rich in heavy metals, the excrements of livestock and poultries eating fodders containing heavy metals and municipal sludge etc. may bring the heavy metal element into the organic fertilizer. Once the organic fertilizer with excess heavy metals is applied to the farmland, the content of the heavy metal element in soil may increase, which will cause secondary pollution. Therefore, the heavy metal content of the applied organic fertilizer in the project area must be lower than that in the standards of Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012). If the excrements of livestock and poultries are used as the organic fertilizer, it is required that the heavy metal content of the fodder for the livestock and poultries should meet the Hygiene Specification for Fodder (GB13078-2001). For the excrements of livestock of the surrounding peasant households, the PMO should strengthen supervision. If the excrements from the breeding industry are not tested or tested to be overstandard, they can’t be applied to the farmland to prevent causing new heavy metal contamination. 5.3.1.5 Analysis on impacts of the application of fertilizer The application of fertilizer has a great influence on the heavy metal content in soil, especially the cadmium content. The application of phosphatic fertilizer contributes most to the cadmium content in soil. Related studies indicate that if the rice field cadmium input such as rains, dust, irrigation and pesticides etc. and the cadmium output such as the surface runoff and subsurface runoff etc., and the application of phosphatic fertilizer is the main source of the rice field cadmium input. The application of the only fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus can prevent the cadmium content in the rice grains from exceeding standards in a short time, but it increases the cadmium pollution risk in soil. The fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus must be used in coordination with the amendment like lime for rice production. Therefore, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to reduce the cadmium pollution of the fertilizer to the rice field soil. When the phosphatic fertilizer is used with the compound fertilizer, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to guarantee soil environment and food safety. 75 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 5.3.1.6 Analysis on impacts of the application of pesticides The scientific and comprehensive pest control technology is widely applied in the project area. According to the data provided by Yongxing County Bureau of Agriculture, the pesticides application frequency of Yongxing County is 3 times/quarter. In 2015, Yongxing County used 344.68t chemical pesticides and 32t biopesticides. The amount of the biopesticides took up 9.3% of the total amount of the pesticides. Through the on-the-spot investigation and the verification of Yongxing County Bureau of Agriculture, it is discovered that all the pesticides applied to the farmland in Yongxing County are the qualified pesticides which meet the national standards. These pesticides won’t cause the heavy metal contamination to the farmland. During the project implementation, the selection and application of the pesticides will be guided and supervised by the agricultural departments of Yongxing County, enabling the pesticides to be used scientifically and reasonably in the project area. The PMO entrusted Hunan Plant Protection Station to form the “Pest Management Plan (PMP)” which is based on the plant protection guideline of “Priority in Prevention, Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment”, enforces and practices the idea of “Public Plant Protection” and “Green Plant Protection”, summarizes and proposes the prevention and treatment method of common plant diseases and insect pests of the main crops related to the project, such as rice, corn, potato, orange, grape, vegetable, cotton, rape, tea, etc. Such prevention and treatment plan is to, under the precondition of protecting the ecological environment, stress the role of natural control, promote the control of plant diseases and insect pests through the method of agricultural, physical and biological prevention and control method, coordinate in the use of proper chemical prevention technological measures, reduce the reliance on agricultural chemicals, reduce the control of plant diseases and insect pests below the allowed level of economic loss, and obtain the optimal economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit. (1) Main methods recommended by pest management plan (PMP) ①Physical prevention and treatment method 76 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan a. Use the phototaxis of pests to trap and kill pests. b. Use thermal energy, such as hot water treatment to kill the internal lurking pathogenic bacteria in seeds. c. Cut and burn the branches with plant diseases and insect pests. d. Eliminate fallen fruits with plant diseases and insect pests in orange farm to reduce the over-winter amounts. ②Biological prevention and treatment method a. Protect and use natural enemy. b. Use biological agent and products. c. Create suitable environment for natural enemy and increase the quantity of natural enemy. ③Chemical prevention and treatment method a. Use the pesticide with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, the non-polluted pesticides recommended by this project are as follows in Table 5-5. b. Promote the application of spray additives that reduce quantity and increase effect of pesticide, so as to effectively reduce pesticide dose. c. In the insect source areas and occurring central areas with relatively high population density, timely use the highly-efficient and low-quantity pesticide to control at young stage of pests, ensure the every use of pesticide to reach the optimal effect, and strictly prohibit from using the pesticide with lethality to natural enemy at late stage of pest rampancy. d. Guarantee safe pesticide use intervals. e. Adopt safe pesticide application instruments and methods to enhance the pesticide use efficiency and pest prevention and treatment effect. f. Strengthen the promotion, education and training about safe and rational use of pesticides, strictly follow the regulations on use of pesticides, pay attention to safety, including the correct wearing of protective clothing, master the first aid general knowledge about pesticide poisoning, etc. g. Take care of the safe storage of agricultural chemicals (such as staying away from children and food, etc.) 77 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan h. Properly handle pesticide wastes and packaging, avoid washing and cleaning pesticide application machinery in natural water. (2) List of recommended non-polluted pesticides Table 5-5 List of Recommended Non-polluted Pesticides Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products Toxicity objects (day) Prothioconazole (10%, 20%, suspending agent) U 21 Isoprothiolane (40%, missible oil and wettable Ⅲ 28 powder) Azoxystrobin (over 25%, missible oil) U 21 Rice blast Bacillus subtilis (over 100 billion PIB/g, wettable U 20 powder) Oxime bacteria tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) Spring thunder Zinc thiazole (over 40%, U 21 suspending agent) Hexaconazole (10%, suspending agent and water U 28 dispersible granule) Tebuconazole (43%, suspending agent) U 21 Rice Thifluzamide (over 24%, suspending agent) U 14 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, missible oil) U 21 Epoxiconazole (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 21 Banded Validamycin (over 20%, water soluble powder) U 14 sclerotial blight Valid bacillus cereus (over 12.5%, suspending U 14 agent) Phenazino-1-carboxylic acid (over 1%, suspending U 14 agent) Benzyl – propiconazole (30%, water dispersible Ⅲ 28 granule, missible oil) Oxime bacteria – tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) False smut Epoxiconazole (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 20 78 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products Toxicity objects (day) Tebuconazole (43%, suspending agent) U 60 Propiconazole (25%, missible oil) U 28 Benzyl – propiconazole (30%, water dispersible Ⅲ 28 granule, missible oil) Valid bacillus cereus (over 12.5%, suspending U 14 agent) Oxime bacteria – tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) Pymetrozine (over 25%, suspending agent, wettable U 14 powder and water dispersible granule) Buprofezin (25%, suspending agent and wettable U 14 powder) Thiamethoxam (25%, water dispersible granule) U 28 Rice Imidacloprid (10%, 20%, wettable powder, water planthopper dispersible granule, suspending agent, microemulsion, seed Ⅲ 21 dressing) IPP (10%, suspending agent) U 20 Dinotefuran (over 25%, wettable powder) U 21 Pymetrozine – nitenpyram (over 80%, water U 30 dispersible granule) Chlorantraniliprole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 7 Fluorobenzene insect amide (over 20%, suspending U 14 agent) Tetrachloro insect amide (over 10%, suspending U 30 agent) Rice leaf Indoxacarb (over 15%, missible oil) U 28 folder Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 Agritol (over 8,000 IU/mg, wettable powder) Ⅲ 14 Methylamino abamectin benzoate (2%, water U 21 dispersible granule and microemulsion) Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 79 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products Toxicity objects (day) Metaflumizone (22%, suspending agent) U 21 Chlorantraniliprole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 7 Fluorobenzene insect amide (over 20%, suspending U 14 agent) Chilo suppressalis Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 Tetrachloro insect amide (over 10%, suspending U 30 agent) Pretilachlor (over 30%, including safener, missible U - oil, emulsion in water) Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Penoxsulam (over 2.5%, suspending agent) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10$, missible oil and U - emulsion in water) Direct seeding Benzyl mi pretilachlor (20%, wettable powder) U - Weeds rice field Metamifop (over 10%, missible oil and oil U - suspended agent) Promazine pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, U - suspending agent and oil suspended agent) Bentazone (45%, water aqua) Ⅲ - Bispyribac-sodium (over 10%, suspending agent U - and oil suspended agent) Butachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending Ⅲ - agent and emulsion in water) Pretilachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending U - agent and emulsion in water) Rice seedling throwing Mefenacet (over 50%, missible oil, suspending U - (transplanting Weeds agent and emulsion in water) with machinery) field Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10%, missible oil and U - emulsion in water) 80 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products Toxicity objects (day) Bispyribac-sodium (over 10%, suspending agent U - and oil suspended agent) Butachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending Ⅲ - agent and emulsion in water) Pretilachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending U - agent and emulsion in water) Transprogramted Weeds rice fields Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10%, missible oil and U - emulsion in water) Mancozeb (over 80%, wettable powder) U 14 Copper calcium sulphate (77%, wettable powder) Ⅲ 32 Thiediazole copper (20%, suspending agent) U 14 Scab Chlorothalonil (over 75%, wettable powder) U 21 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, suspending agent) U 14 Difenoconazole (10%, water dispersible granule) U 28 Zinc thiazole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 21 Thiediazole copper (20%, suspending agent) U 14 Kocide SD (46%, wettable powder and water Canker Ⅲ 30 Orange dispersible granule) Resin acid copper salt (20%, wettable powder) U 14 Copper calcium sulphate (77%, wettable powder) Ⅲ 32 Propineb (over 70%, wettable powder) U 21 Thiophanate-methyl (over 70%, wettable powder) U 21 Bromothalonil (25%, missible oil) Ⅲ 21 Anthracnose Prochloraz (20%, missible oil and emulsion in U 14 water) Azoxystrobin (over 25%, suspending agent) U 14 Chlorothalonil (over 75%, wettable powder) U 21 81 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products Toxicity objects (day) Captan (over 80%, water dispersible granule) U 21 Phomopsis Prochloraz (20%, missible oil and emulsion in citri (sand U 14 water) skin disease) Mancozeb (over 80%, wettable powder) U 14 Big (small) 0.1% of abamectin bait concentrate U 14 trypetid Spirodiclofen (24%, suspending agent) U 30 Propargite (over 73%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Tetranychus cinnbarinus Arvey Propargite (40%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Arvey pyridaben (10.5%, minor missible oil and Ⅲ 21 missible oil) Fenpyroximate (5%, missible oil) U 15 Phyllocoptruta Spirodiclofen (24%, suspending agent) U 30 oleivora Arvey Propargite (40%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Buprofezin (25%, wettable powder) U 35 Scale insect Imidcloprid’s buprofezin (18%, suspending agent) U 35 type Engine oil (94%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Chlorbenzuron (over 25%, suspending agent) U 21 Leaf miner Diflubenzuron (25%, wettable powder) U 28 Chlorfluazuron (over 5%, missible oil) U 21 Glyphosate (over 30%, water aqua, water soluble U - powder, water soluble granule) Orange Weeds orchard Glufosinate-ammonium (over 20%, water aqua) U - Flumioxazin (over 50%, wettable powder) U - Carbendazim (over 80%, wettable powder) U 41 Rape Stalk break Dimethachlon (40%, wettable powder) U 25 Prochloraz (25%, missible oil) U 21 Conditionin Enhance 0.136% of red benzopyrrole wettable powder U - 82 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products Toxicity objects (day) g agent stress resistance of crops 63% polyhydric alcohols nonionic surfactant U - Pest disease Auxiliaries Ethyoxyl modified trisiloxanes U - and weed Singular silicic acid U - (3) Plant diseases and insect pests monitoring and training program The monitoring work shall be implemented in the various townships and towns of implemented region by the agriculture technology extension service centers and project office on municipal and district (county) level along with the owner; once plant diseases and insect pests are found, it must be timely reported and handled. The dispatched personnel of WB shall timely help establishing proper monitoring system and sampling procedure, as well as provide training in the implementation and analysis aspects of monitoring system. For more details about the specific pest management of this project, please refer to the “Pest Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan”. 5.3.1.7Analysis on impacts of agricultural wastes During the project implementation, a small quantity of agricultural wastes such as the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. will appear in the project area. If they are discarded at will and left in soil, the decomposition of soil humus and the air permeability and water permeability of the soil will be affected, resulting in damaged soil structures, low content of nutrient elements and lower water retention and fertilizer maintenance capacity. Therefore, the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. should be removed and recycled in time to prevent them from polluting the environment in the agricultural product production place. This project plans to set collection pool of agricultural material packaging wastes in every project area, and requires farmers to collect and temporarily store the used farming 83 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan films and pesticide packaging, etc. Meanwhile, connect with the agricultural material packaging recycling station of Yongxing County to regularly transport the agricultural material wastes at the collection station to agricultural material packaging recycling station of Yongxing County, which shall collectively entrust qualified unit for treatment. Through the measures above, the agricultural material wastes of this project could be properly treated and have very little impact on the environment. 5.3.1.8 Analysis on impacts of adjusting planting structure For the areas at the extremely high cadmium pollution risk in the project area, according to the regional planting habit, the industrial base and the market requirement, adjust the planting structure of the crops and replace the original crops with the commercial crops such as sweet oranges, oilseed rapes, broomcorn, corns and flowers etc. The sweet orange is the featured commercial crop in Yongxing County, while the oilseed rape, the broomcorn, the corn and the flower are the crops with high economic benefits. These replanted crops are all planted locally and will not have obvious impacts on the local ecological environment. 5.3.2 Mitigation measures of common impact of agricultural activities For more details about the mitigation measures of common impact of agricultural activities on environment, please refer to the following appendix: Appendix 3 Agronomic Activity Environmental Protection Regulations ECOP 5.3.3 Analysis of impact of agricultural activities on certain points and mitigation measures 5.3.3.1 Analysis of impact of removing straw from field and mitigation measures PPP mode is adopted as operation mechanism to motivate and subsidize farmland operators or professional harvesting cooperatives to change harvesting model (semi-feeding harvesting to ensure overall straw relocation and utilization) and increase crushed grass bundling method (bundling machine can be purchased for harvesting) to 84 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan realize relocation of crop straws from farmland in project areas. Based on principles of adaptation to local conditions, comprehensive utilization, cost-saving and public opinions and given the fact that Yongxing is abundant in sweet orange, straws in the project areas will be used for covering and sheltering in sweet orange planting bases including Qianjin, and Yongsheng according to the principle of proximity. According to the related research conclusion by Chinese agricultural research institute, for the straws polluted by cadmium, the cadmium content is generally 1.5~10mg/kg, even if such straws are moved to orchard, the soil in such orchard will not exceed the Grade II soil standard within 100 years, and will not cause cadmium pollution of soil. Therefore, the rice straws removed from the fields in this project could be moved to orchard for absorption, and its impact on orchard soil is acceptable. 5.4 Analysis on impacts on social environment and mitigation measures 5.4.1 Analysis on impacts on social environment The Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hunan Province with World Bank Loan involves 16 counties (cities) and has wide social impacts. Each implementation link are connected closely and all linked with one another. The smooth implementation of the project is largely determined by the participation willingness and attitude of the project implementation subject (peasant household). To serve the optimization design of the whole project and its effective implementation, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province entrusts Institute of Sociology, Hunan Normal University to work out the social influence evaluation report. According to the safety control policies of the World Bank, the social influence evaluation and analysis should be conducted in combination with the social evaluation work in the environmental management plan. 5.4.1.1 Positive social impacts (1) Short-term impacts ①Through the publicity of the project, improve the production safety product 85 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan awareness of the stakeholders. Through the survey, it is found that the understanding of the stakeholders in the area with mild contamination on the cause and the result of farmland heavy metal contamination is not sufficient. Through the publicity and training of the project, the project will improve the stakeholders’ awareness to the urgency of farmland heavy metal contamination control. ②Through the training of the project, improve the peasant households’ skills in production safety products. Through the survey, it is discovered that the excess heavy metals in the agricultural product relate to the agronomic technology of the peasant households. The optimization of the agronomic technology can reduce the heavy metal contamination to the agricultural product. Therefore, through the training on the peasant households, the project can improve the peasant households’ skills in production safet y products. ③Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal contamination control will be achieved. Through the survey, it is found that the stakeholders still have many disputes over whether the treatment is needed and how to treat the pollution. Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment will be achieved. ④Create favorable conditions for agricultural production by improving the infrastructure. Through the survey and the on-site interview, it is discovered by the social assessment team that the peasant households’ desire to improve local backward irrigation infrastructure is quite strong. Whenever the social assessment team arrives at a project village, most villagers will reflect that the local infrastructure is poor, especially the road and the water; there are always problems in the project area such as insufficient investment in the rural infrastructure as well as lacking effective investment and management etc. These problems seriously affect the sustainable development of agricultural production and rural areas. Through the engineerings such as clean water irrigation, canal renovation and tractor-ploughing road repairing etc., the project will create favorable conditions for agricultural production. ⑤The environmental management and the agricultural environment monitoring 86 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. Through the survey, it is found that the project area lacks agricultural product and soil monitoring facilities, which results in lacking of clear understanding of the related government departments and the peasant households on the heavy metal contamination level of agricultural product. Through the environmental management and the agricultural environment monitoring, the project will provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. ⑥The risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the product competitiveness are improved by cultivating agricultural cooperatives. The long-time backwardness of the project area enables many peasant households to realize continuously that their scattered situation will make them live on repeated sell of primary agricultural products which have low added value and production efficiency as well as difficulties in market integration. Most peasant households have to go through the local or non-local collector if they want to sell the agricultural products. Finally, the products will go to the company. What the peasant households get is only the price of the primary agricultural products and what they earn is the money from running around here and there. The real added value lies in the deep processing. Therefore, the peasant households gradually realize it and urgently desire to be led by the cooperatives and big peasant households to improve the market competitiveness of the product, extend the industrial chain and increase the product price. Cultivating agricultural cooperatives will help improve the risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the agricultural product competitiveness. (2) Medium and long-term impacts ①The project implementation brings obvious ecological benefits. Through the survey, it is discovered that the ecological environment in the project area is damaged by the heavy metal contamination in different levels. The following measures are taken to the ecological environment protection of the project area: (1) source control. The joint management departments led by the agricultural departments are established in various regions to urge the related department to manage the industrial and mining enterprises at the upstream and control the source of pollution. (2) Dynamic monitoring. Set up monitoring stations at the 87 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan irrigation water source and the farmland to monitor the heavy metal contamination dynamically. (3) Soil restoration. Restore soil through the technological measures like green manure planting. These measures control the farmland heavy metal contamination to some degree, which helps improve the ecological environment. ②The project implementation brings substantial economic benefits. Through the survey, it is found that the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment has already affected the agricultural production and the farmers’ income to some extent. The treatment measures adopted in the project bring substantial economic benefits. They are reflected in four aspects: (1) increase the sales price of the agricultural product. By taking corresponding measures, the project enables the farmland to produce qualified agricultural products, which can increase the agricultural product price. For example, in Yongxing County, some slightly polluted areas have had the treatment measure experiments like VIP etc. The cadmium content in the rice gets controlled. The price of the rice is increased to 320 yuan per hundred kg from 250 yuan per hundred kg. (2) Reduce agricultural production costs. The agricultural capital cost can be decreased by about 30% by supporting and cultivating the agricultural cooperatives. (3) Increase the land utilization efficiency. The utilization efficiency of the agricultural cooperative’s general lands is increased. By cultivating the agricultural cooperative, the land utilization efficiency can be increased. (4) Increase the added value of agricultural products. The project team cultivates the agricultural cooperatives and establishes the monitoring facilities, which provides organizational and technical supports for agriculture industrialization and is good for increasing the added value of agricultural products. ③The project implementation brings obvious social benefits. Through the survey, it is found that there are many migrant workers in the project area. The poor peasant households specialize in the traditional agricultural business and planting patterns and are caught in the poverty circulation. In addition, the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment lacks experience for reference. The implementation of the project can effectively solve the above problems and bring obvious social benefits. They are reflected in: firstly, beneficial to the returning of the migrant workers. The implementation of the project 88 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan creates jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for the migrant workers, especial for women. Through the survey, it is discovered that 70% of the staff employed in the agricultural cooperatives are women. Secondly, beneficial to shaking off poverty and becoming prosperous. Restricted by information, technologies and funds, the poor peasant households are caught in the poverty circulation. By providing the support in aspects of information, technologies and funds, the project team is able to help them out of poverty. Thirdly, beneficial to forming the farmland pollution treatment pattern. Currently, the farmland pollution treatment is lacking the experience and the pattern for reference. The implementation of the project can find out an effective technical and management pattern in the project area, setting an example to other areas in the aspect of heavy metal contamination treatment. 5.4.1.2 Negative social impacts (1) During the project implementation, the transformation of the agricultural production structure will be carried out and replanting may be conducted in some lands, which will affect the income of some farmers in a short period. (2) The project involves the input to increase agricultural production and may influence the yield of the agricultural products, which will affect the income of most peasant households. (3) During the project implementation, the dust, noises and the temporary storage of wastes and dregs will have adverse impacts on the cleanliness of the project area environment provisionally and the daily life of the residents of the ethnic minorities. 5.4.1.3 Brief summary of social impacts In general, the integrated management project of farmland pollution has positive impacts on the society. It can improve the soil in the project area, increase the yield of the agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition and the ecological environment of the project area, fuel the social and economic development in the project area and improve the quality of the farmers and the comprehensive service level of agriculture. In addition, it is beneficial to the agricultural technology transfer and can improve the 89 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan awareness to the agricultural heavy metal metal pollution prevention. The main negative social impacts are the transfer of the agricultural production structure that may happen, the requisition of some lands and the interest demands. The negative social impacts can almost be removed if reasonable and legal land requisition and proper compensation are realized. 5.4.2 Social risk precautionary measures 5.4.2.1 Social risk identification and elusion measures Table 5-5 Social Risks in Different Categories Category Specific content Elusion tactics (1) Build new irrigation canals or drainage canals; Land requisition Prepare a brief resettlement action (2) Renovate irrigation canals or drainage and resettlement plan. canals; (3) Build new electric pumping stations. (1) The risk of net earning reduction; Through the consultation with the (2) Marketing and sales risks; local agricultural departments and (3) The risk of substandard food; residents, figure out a basic Economic risk (4) The risk that the subsidy standard is compensation package. Each below the peasant households’ government can adjust the package expectations; according to the practical situation. (5) The risk of reduced yields. Work out the training and subsidy (1) The risk of insufficient technical plans for the peasant households and experience of the peasant households; the cadres; Technical risk (2) The risk of lacking technical standards; Related departments work out (3) The risk of immature treatment detailed technical specifications; technologies. Conduct feasibility demonstration in detail and with discretion. Work out financial standards according to the requirements of the (1) Nonstandard financial affairs; World Bank and the relevant Management risk (2) Ineffective implementation; provisions of the state; (3) Unclear responsibilities. Work out clear duty specifications and assign responsibilities to the people. The data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the (1) Problems left over by history; start and implementation stage of the Public opinion (2) The exaggeration of the heavy metal project should be kept confidential; risk contamination; Enhance publicity to promote the (3)Improper attributions. residents’ environmental awareness. Work out the engagement and consultation principles. 5.4.2.2 Social risk control (1) Work out the framework of the resettlement policy to ease the land requisition and resettlement risk that may exist 90 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan The project implementation almost doesn’t involve involuntary resettlement. However, the project may have uncertain resettlement impacts. Therefore, according to the stipulations of the World Bank, if the project has slight impacts on the whole displaced group, or less than 200 people will be affected by the project, and the property loss is less than 10%, a brief resettlement action plan is OK. (2) Work out the basic compensation package and cultivate agricultural cooperatives to ease the economic risk in the farmland pollution treatment Through the consultation with the local agricultural departments and residents, figure out a basic compensation package. Each government can adjust the package according to the practical situation. For the system change project involving a large amount of investment like replanting flowers and nursery stocks, the financial models of “mutual guarantee of peasant households+cadre’s guarantee” and “company+base+credit cooperative+peasant household” should be encouraged. For the areas without agricultural cooperatives, the agricultural cooperatives should be cultivated. For the existing agricultural cooperatives, their abilities to organize and manage should be improved through training. (3) Strengthen technical training and specifications to ease the technical risk in treatment To ease the technical risk in treatment, firstly, the project team should strengthen the training on local farmers and women in multiple ways; secondly, the project team should work out the farmer training subsidy plan. It is suggested to provide the subsidies according to the standard of 50 yuan/day; secondly, the project team should strengthen the technical specification. The agricultural departments should work out detailed technical specifications for flooding irrigation, spreading lime, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, applying foliar fertilizer and increasing the amount of soil amendment and work out some code requirements for replanted crops. The subsidy standard is whether it reaches relevant requirements. At last, it is suggested to purchase the lime sprayer and provide technical training to relevant people. (4) Set up clear accountability systems to ease the management risk in treatment 91 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan To ease the risk in management, firstly, clear duty specifications should be established. The duty specification should sort out the corresponding responsibilities of the leaders at the provincial level, the county level, the township level and the village level. The responsibilities should be assigned to the people. Secondly, a technical supervision team consisting of “Agricultural Department of Hunan Province +Yongxing County Bureau of Agriculture+agricultural experts” should be established. The technical supervision team of each project county should have at least two working staff from the Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province and two agricultural experts. Meanwhile, put forward corresponding rules about the number of times and the time of inspection tours of the technical supervision team; thirdly, financial standards according to the requirements of the World Bank and the relevant provisions of the state should be established, including the financial control system, the accounting system and the auditing system. At last, strengthen relevant protective measures and maintain safety and convenience during the project construction. It is suggested that the project owner and the construction organization of the project take a full consideration of the objective requirement and habit for local residents’ production and life to arrange the project construction schedule and minimize the influence of road blocking and noises on local residents. (5) Strengthen publicity, training and public opinion guidance to ease the public opinion risk in treatment The control measures to the potential public opinion risk in the project area: firstly, the data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the start and implementation stage of the project should be kept confidential; secondly, enhance publicity to promote the residents’ environmental awareness; at last, work out the engagement and consultation principles. The specific measures include: ①Publicize the food safety knowledge among all the residents to enable them to understand that taking necessary measures can effectively reduce the heavy metal contamination; ②Take relevant publicity measures to correctly lead the public opinion and prevent rumors from spreading incorrectly; ③Pay attention to wording in all the stages of the project and try to avoid labelling. 92 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 5.4.3 Farmland heavy metal contamination risk management (1) Understand the farmland heavy metal contamination problem correctly Since the heavy metal contamination problems are sensitive, some local governments worry that the social stability and the reputation of local agricultural products will be affected and thus they don’t dare to vigorously publicize the heavy metal contamination restoration work, which restrains the restoration from developing in depth and breadth. Agricultural departments worry that the pilot work will reduce the grain-production area, impair the grain-production capacity and affect the central finance transfer payment of the grain production counties. Farmers worry that adjusting the planting variety will bring greater market risks and affect their incomes, so they don’t want to change their planting habits. All these increase the difficulty level of restoration organization and implementation. (2) Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations Soil pollution, atmospheric pollution and water pollution are the three major environmental pollution problems in the world. However, China doesn’t have specialized laws and regulations on the soil pollution prevention. The soil pollution prevention content can only be seen in the laws and regulations on environmental pollution prevention, agricultural environment protection and natural resources conservation etc. Therefore, the fundamental law on soil pollution prevention should be worked out to establish the basic principles and systems for soil pollution prevention and define the soil pollution investigation and risk evaluation system, the soil environment function division and protection, utilization and planning systems, the soil condition monitoring, reporting and early warning systems, the soil pollution information disclosure and archives management systems, the soil pollution treatment and restoration systems, the soil pollution treatment funding system and the soil pollution legal liability system etc. (3) Strengthen the market tolerance Currently, the government is the organization and guidance subject in the farmland soil heavy metal contamination restoration work of the project counties in Hunan Province, 93 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan but the implementation of specific measures needs the wide participation of the social force and each measure needs the corresponding subject to bear. In the current stage, the situation where professional service organizations actively participate in the treatment has not been formed, the mechanism in which the government purchases services and cultivates socialized service organizations has not been established and the professional organization is still being guided and cultivated. The work intensity of lime spreading and fertilization in most areas is great. The measures which have high technical requirements like comprehensive restoration still rely on the farmer’s own efforts. The participation of the socialized organization as the subject of treatment and restoration is not deep enough. If the adjustment of the crop plantation structure relies on scattered peasant households, it is risky and unpractical. The participation of the enterprises in agriculture industrialization and the social participation are obviously insufficient. (4) Carry out industrial transformation as well as establish and improve the agricultural product production place accountability systems Take the investigation and integrated control of the farmland heavy metal contamination of the project counties in Hunan Province as an opportunity to push forward the “four” transformations and upgrading. First is to cultivate and strengthen the leading enterprise as well as improve the level of standardization, intensification and commercialization of agricultural products; second is to accelerate land transfer and improve the scaled land management level; third is to develop cooperatives and improve the systematization of the farmers; fourth is to create famous brands and improve the recognition and market competitiveness of the agricultural products. On a long view, from the height of developing circular economy and new energy, push forward the integration of biologic chains and energy chains in the restoration area to prevent the agricultural products with excess heavy metal from entering the market, thus reducing the market risk and the operation risk of the project. Transfer heavy metals through biomass and meanwhile gain high profits from the new-type industry chain. (5) Strengthen the control of pollution sources Strengthen the monitoring and management on the source of internal and external 94 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan heavy metal pollutants. Firstly, strengthen the supervision on agricultural inputs such as seeds, germchit, fertilizer, pesticides and organic fertilizer etc., and prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the agricultural inputs. Secondly, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the farmland irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation and effectively prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation. Make sure the area of the heavy metal polluted arable land is not enlarged and the pollution level is not aggravated to guarantee the integrated control of the farmland heavy metal contamination is carried out in order. (6) Strengthen science and technology supports and technical services as well as reduce technical risks. Firstly, organize the heavy metal contamination prevention experts of the related scientific research institutions in and out of Hunan Province to establish an expert team which is responsible for the technical plan formulation, personnel training, technical guidance, database establishment, data processing software development as well as data analysis and evaluation etc. Based on the existing study, strengthen the technical standard construction, form the technical specification for zoning treatment, strengthen variety breeding of the rice with low cadmium content, deepen the research and development, assembling, integration and pilot scale demonstration of farmland heavy metal contamination restoration technologies to provide technical supports to pollution treatment. Secondly, strengthen the technical guidance on farmland heavy metal contamination investigation and integrated control and provide services in the whole process. For the investigation and the integrated control of heavy metal contamination, make a good job of the pre-production information service, the agricultural material supply, the technical training, the after-production processing and the marketing service. In particular, strengthen the introduction, experiment and demonstration of key technologies, excellent varieties and new-type agricultural machinery, the quality and safety detection of agricultural products, the monitoring on the agricultural ecological environment and 95 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan agricultural input application and other links to improve the service level in the whole agricultural production; strengthen technical guidance. Take “agricultural technician helping the whole village and uniting the peasant household” as the main form. In combination with demonstrations at selected units and technical consultation etc., provide technical guidance both in the village and in the peasant household, implement the agricultural technology service work and spread the farmland heavy metal prevention technology to achieve the localization. Thirdly, establish professional service organizations. For the key technical link of zoning prevention in the heavy metal polluted agricultural product production place, provide uniform seeds, germchits, technical specifications and passivator etc. to guarantee the treatment quality. (7) Establish the risk evaluation archives management system The farmland heavy metal pollutant enters into the human body through the food chain and thus creates hazards. Through the analysis and evaluation with related parties, the detailed investigation and analysis is conducted on the heavy metal contamination in the farmland soil and the crops within Hunan Province. In the evaluation, the major health and safety risks are identified and the health and safety risk control measures are worked out. 5.3.2.1 Control scheme of out-of-limit rice and impact analysis 1. Control scheme of out-of-limit rice in the program area of Yongxing County In accordance of the requirements on Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan, it is needed to manage and control standard exceeding of heavy metal grain in project area and prevented it from circulating arbitrarily in grain circulation field. According to early survey, taking a good job in risk control of grain with heavy metal exceeding standard and adopting multiple participation and cooperate condominium is a feasible method. Yongxing Agricultural Bureau (the implementation unit) cooperated with Grain farmers in project area, Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd and Hunan Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd. respectively to control jointly the risk of grain containing exceeding standard heavy metal in project area. 96 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan （ 1 ） Purchase from designed enterprises. Ensure that all grain focus on one purchasing window and are easy to monitor and control. Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd. (A reform and reconstruction state-owned company set of purchasing, storing and processing on the basis of 14 state-owned grain enterprises) signed grain directional producing and purchasing agreement with farmers. Under the unified organization and management of Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd., grain farmer grows best-selling and high-quality grain varieties (low cadmium sorption also with high quality and good taste grain), Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd. will be responsible for the technical guidance and supervision for farmers (including cadmium reduction technology application, diseases and pests control and prevention services, early warning for possible heavy metal or pesticide residue exceeding standard risk and etc.) and open green channels for grain purchasing during July to November each year to solve the difficulty in selling. （2）Store on designed warehouses. Start comprehensively the risk control mode of testing first and storage last. In order to prevent heavy metal and pesticide residue exceeding standard grain from circulating into grain circulating field, it will start comprehensively the risk control mode of testing first and storage last after the project is carried out. For the grain in project area, Country Project Office will organize assault sampling and inspection in five days before harvest and strive to gain the results within five days of sampling. After gained the inspection results, Country Project Office will make negative list with details of samples on behalf of areas, producing farmers’ name, cooperative’s name and etc. of heavy metal overstandard grain. Yongx ing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd. will detect the inspection results rapidly comparing the negative list and store these risk grain on designed warehouses. （3）Increase subsidies. One method is to subsidize purchasing enterprises. In the progress of promoting the project work, Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd. will participate synchronously in the service guidance and supervision of project measures implementation to decrease and reduce the exceeding standard risk of heavy metal and pesticide residue. In order to control effectively in the whole project area, 97 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Yongxing Country will carry out the subsidies measures and make farmers in four project areas sell their grain to Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd. According to the pays and effects of Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd., Yongxing County Project Office may pay appropriate public welfare service subsidies. Another method is to subsidize treating unit of exceeding standard grain. Yongxing County Project Office will sign the “Treatment Agreement of Exceeding Standard Cadmium” with Hunan Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd. so as to solve the uses (change from direct consumption to make white spirit)of grain and loss problems. Yongxing County Project Office will give appropriate subsidies to Yongxing Hongxiang Grain&Oil Purchasing and Selling Co., Ltd. according to the amount of grain accepted by the company. If exceeding standard cadmium grain is used to brew wine, cadmium element and other heavy metals in stillage must be inspected and take sanitary landfill treatment on stillage with possible high content of cadmium. For relative inspection fees on product and its attached objects and fees on researching stillage treatment method, Yongxing Country Project Office will support appropriate subsidies in technical assistance mode. （4）Intensify training guidance, and carry out all technical measures. During the project implementing period, and in a series of activities such as farmer training and technical instruction, the responsibilities and obligations of the grain production entities must always be stressed. There are certain requirements for enterprise to increase price and purchase the directional grains produced in the program areas through the green channel, meeting the standard in the inspected value of cadmium and other heavy metal and pesticide residue in the rice is one of the precondition. Therefore, grain production entities shall actively adopt the various measures to prevent out-of-limit content of cadmium and other heavy metals, and make efforts to avoid generation of “out-of-limit rice”. Once any “out-of-limit rice” is generated, for whatever reason, it will no longer enjoy the treatment of purchasing at high price for high quality, but only stored by designated enterprise in special warehouse at government protection price or market price. Though long period of ideological education and gradual formation of measures and habits, enable the grain-growing entities to actively accept and respond to prevention and control mechanism 98 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan of “out-of-limit rice”. 2. Environmental impact of the control of out-of-limit rice Regarding the out-of-limit rice with cadmium content ＞0.2mg/kg, the PMO and Hunan Dingguyi Wine Industry Co., Ltd. shall sign the purchasing and sales contract to use it as wine stock; the cadmium in rice will mainly concentrate in the byproduct distillers’ grains. Currently, the out-of-limit times of out-of-limit rice is relatively low, and doesn’t exceed the foreign standard, and the content in distillers’ grains is also relatively low. After adopting the measures above, its environmental impact will be acceptable. It is required to monitor such type of distillers’ grains, and the monitoring indicators are Cd, Pb, As, Cr and Hg; for more details, please refer to the Chapter of “Environmental Monitoring Plan”. Those meeting the “Feed Sanitation Standard” (GB 13078-2001) in monitoring shall be used for feed, and those failing to meet such standard shall be transported to Yongxing County Lida Refuse Landfill for sanitary landfill. Yongxing County Lida Refuse Landfill has implemented anticorrosion and anti-seepage treatment, so it meets the construction standard and requirements of garbage dump. This total storage capacity of the landfill is 3.2 million square meters; the garbage treatment scale is 200t/day; the garbage leachate treatment is 280t; the usable term is 30 years. The distillers’ grains generated from the out-of-limit rice in this program are very few, and the content of other heavy metal is also very low, so it will have very little impact on Yongxing County Lida Refuse Landfill. By adopting the measures above, the out-of-limit rice in the program areas can be controlled and utilized, and its byproducts could be properly treated, so as to have little impact on the environment. 99 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme 6.1 Comparison and Selection of With and Without Project ESIA has conducted comparative analysis of with and without project, mainly from the perspective of environmental profit and loss, and social economy. See table 6-1 for details. Table 6-1 Comparison and Selection of With and Without Project Category Plan for implementation of the project Plan without the project  The project construction meets the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Hunan Province.  Lower contents of heavy metals in agricultural products to safeguard the health of  Maintain environmental status, Main farmers and consumers. without environmental impacts caused Advantages  Facilitate sales of agricultural products, by project construction, liming, and and safeguard the vital interests of farmers. other agricultural activities.  Significant to ensure the safety of national agricultural products, maintain social stability, improve ecological environment, and promote sustainable development of regional agricultural economy. 100 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan  The dust from project construction, wastes after foundation excavation and backfilling, and  It harms people's health to eat the silt from mountain pond dredging, have agricultural products with heavy metal short-term bad impacts on environment, but exceeding standard for a long time, such impacts can be avoided and mitigated with and it may cause diseases of skin, the corresponding measures for environmental nervous system, kidney, and blood protection. Besides, they have few and system. temporary impacts during construction period.  Bring serious challenges to grain  Liming may cause changes in soil production safety, and seriously structure, physical and chemical properties, threaten the agricultural sustainable Main what's worse, improper liming may influence development. Disadvantages operator's health. But such impacts may be  It is hard to sell the grain polluted mitigated by determining the application by heavy metals, thus affecting amount of lime based on different texture and farmer's income. pH, selecting special agricultural lime,  With too many labors are out spreading lime by professionals or lime working, the poor always farming in a spreader and other measures. traditional way and found themselves  Farmers may not be used to the new in a poor circle, and lack of experience farming skills in a short time. on controlling the heavy metal  Planting structure has changed which may contaminate d land. affect their income Comprehensive Project construction scheme is better than zero scheme Analysis Farmland in Hunan Province has been polluted by heavy metal in different degrees, soil environment quality and its safety performance have been decreased, directly threatening the quality safety of agricultural products, and harming health of the masses. Although the without project proposal has no environmental impacts caused by agricultural activities, such as small civil construction and liming, the agricultural products of Hunan Province still and will continue to be polluted by heavy metals. The agricultural products eaten by common people still have heavy metals in excess of the standards, harming their health. Sales of the agricultural products polluted by heavy metal are still affected, influencing the immediate interests of farmers. Project construction scheme will bring 101 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan certain environmental impacts, but such impacts can be avoided or mitigated by corresponding environmental protection measures. The impact on construction period is small and temporary, and implementation of the Project can improve food safety and people's living standard, and bring long-term social and environmental benefits. Therefore, project construction scheme is obviously better than zero scheme and project construction is quite necessary. 6.2 Comparison and selection of project area 6.2.1 Principles of project area selection 1. Principle of concentration Follow the principle of concentration, unified planning, reasonable layout and implementation of whole village (area), to obtain satisfactory scale benefits. Give appropriate priority to grain-producing areas. 2. Principle of clear and controllable pollution source Causes and pollutant sources of heavy metal contamination and other pollution in the farmland soil should be clear; types and degrees of pollution should be correct; the main pollution source should be controllable or cutoff. 3. Principle of regional representativeness The main farmland type of the project area should be paddy field, the main pollution type heavy metal contamination, and the main heavy metal contamination Cd pollution. 4. Principle of typicality The project area should be typical, and the project implementation should have large investment benefits, impacts, and demonstration effects. 5. Principle of sustainability It’s necessary to conduct infrastructure construction and adopt comprehensive agricultural measures in the project area, so as to alleviate heavy metal contamination, control agricultural non-point source pollution, increase yield and efficiency, and realize sustainable agricultural, economic and social development in the project area. 102 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 6. Principle of stability The local government should lay large emphasis on the project; the personnel allocation should be reasonable; the project units (farmers or enterprises) should be active. 6.2.2 Selection of project towns and townships 6.2.2.1 Selection of project towns and townships Yongxing County contains 15 towns and townships, i.e., Bailin Town (including former Bailin Town and Dongkou Township), Dabujiang Township, Gaotingsi Town (including former Gaoting Township and Youshi Town), Huangni Township, Jingui Town (including former Jingui Town and Xiangmei Township), Liyutang Town (including former Liyutang Town and Qianchong Township), Longxingshi Township, Matian Town (including former Matian Town and Fuhe Township), Qijia Township, Taihe Township, Yangtang Township, Youma Town (incluidng former Youma Town and Santang Pond Township), Yuelai Township, Zhangshu Township and Bianjiang Town (including former Chengjiao Township, Chengguan Town, Tangmenkou Town, Bitang Township and Xiangyindu Town), 342 villages and 27 communities. There are 4,318 villagers’ groups and 123 residents’ groups. Selection of project towns and villages: see Table 6-2. 103 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 6-2 Selection of Project Towns and Townships Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness 122 point locations in all; 31 point locations with Cd content≥0.9mg/k g, accounting for It is now 25.4%; 30 point Discharge of centralized locations with Cd “three area of content wastes” and related 0.6-0.9mg/kg, open waste enterprises in accounting for residue Yongxing Cd and 24.6%; 56 point stacking of County; 18 Large Bailin 2481 As 1 3048.19 8.67 2 12.12 2 locations with Cd No data related enterprises in emphasis; Town 2 pollution content enterprises all, including active risk 0.3-0.6mg/kg, (smelting and Xingguang, accounting for mining) in Xiongfeng, 46%; 7 point Bailin Mayang, locations with Cd Industrial Yishui, content≤0.3mg/k Park Rongpeng g, accounting for and Jiasheng. 5.7%; 8 point locations with As content 20-30mg/kg, accounting for 104 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness 6.6%; 38 point locations with As content 15-20mg/kg, accounting for 31.1%. There were 2 The 2 3 point locations small-sized smelting in all; 2 point smelting enterprises locations with Cd Cd enterprises; were closed Not large Dabujiang content 2 1955.77 5.56 5 9445 4.61 10 pollution No data pollution in 2012, and emphasis; Township 0.6-0.9mg/kg and risk source: residual not active 1 point locaton discharge of problems with Cd content “three were also 0.3-0.6mg/kg. wastes” solved. 18 point There is no locations in all; 3 enterprise point locations which with Cd procedures Cd and Village content≥0.9mg/k heavy metal Large Gaotingsi 1876 As cleaning 3 2289.91 6.51 4 9.17 4 g, accounting for No data contaminatio emphasis; Town 0 pollution project is 16.7%; 7 point n; pollution active risk implemented. locations with Cd source: high content background 0.6-0.9mg/kg, value of accounting for heavy metal 105 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness 38.9%; 7 point and pollution locations with Cd of content agricultural 0.3-0.6mg/kg, inputs accounting for 38.9%; 1 point location with Cd content≤0.3mg/k g, accounting for 5.5%; 3 point locations with As content 20-30mg/kg; 6 point locations with As content 15-20mg/kg; 9 point locations with As content <15mg/kg. 119 point 42 point Discharge of Related locations in all; locations in all; “three enterprises in Large Cd, As, 13 point 10 point wastes” of Huangni emphasis; Pb and Huangni 1513 locations with Cd locations with Cd related Industrial existing VIP 4 1737.93 4.94 8 7.4 5 Hg √ Town 8 content≥0.9mg/k content<0.2mg/k enterprises in Park pilot pollution g, accounting for g, accounting for Huangni (Huiyuan projects; risk 10.9%; 44 point 23.81%; 12 Cd Industrial Smelting active locations with Cd content Park (Xintai Co., Ltd, 106 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness content 0.2-0.4mg/kg, Silver Co., Shunda 0.6-0.9mg/kg, accounting for Ltd, Yongxin Smelting accounting for 28.57%; 10 point Silver Co., Co., Ltd, 37.0%; 36 point locations with Cd Ltd, Hongzhan locations with Cd content Deweixin Metal Co., content 0.4-0.6mg/kg, Nonferrous Ltd, Yongxin 0.3-0.6mg/kg, accounting for Metal Co., Silver Co., accounting for 23.81%; 10 point Ltd, Jinyang Ltd and 30.3%; 10 point locations with Cd Lead Rongsheng locations with Cd content>0.6mg/k Industry Co., Fuli Co., content≤0.3mg/k g, accounting for Ltd, Ltd) were g, accounting for 23.81%. Rongsheng closed in 8.4%; very few Precious 2013 and point locations Metal Co., residual with As, Pb and Ltd, problems Hg pollution, and Yongxing were solved. the Shunda At present, standard-exceedi Smelting Xintai Silver ng values are not Plant, and Huiyuan large. Huiyuan NanoST are Smelting under Co., Ltd, production. Xiangnan They will be Nonferrous closed at the Metal Co., end of 2016 Ltd, Huangni and residual Precious problems 107 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness Metal Co., will also be Ltd, solved. Hongzhan Metal Co., Ltd and Chutian Nonferrous Metal Co., Ltd, etc); flying dust and leachate arising from disposal area in windy and rainy weather 50 point Discharge of Related locations in all; “three enterprises in 18 point wastes” of Jingui locations with Cd related Industrial content≥0.9mg/k Cd, As enterprises in Park (Yanxin Not large Jingui 1292 g, accounting for and Hg Jinyu Nonferrous 5 1615.8 4.6 10 6.31 7 No data emphasis; Town 5 36%; 18 point pollution Industrial Metal Co., not active locations with Cd risk Park through Ltd and content atmospheric Xinyuan 0.6-0.9mg/kg, dustfall and Dadi accounting for sewage Smelting 36%; 12 point irrigation Co., Ltd) and 108 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness locations with Cd in Jingui content Town 0.3-0.6mg/kg, (Huazhi accounting for Metal 24%; 2 point Smelting locations with Cd Co., Ltd and content≤0.3mg/k Xiangtai g, accounting for Metal Co., 4%; very few Ltd) are point locations closed, with with As and Hg many waste pollution, and the residues standard-exceedi requiring ng values are not treatment. large. 15 point 10 point There is no locations in all; 2 locations in all; 1 enterprise point locations point location which with Cd with Cd content procedures content≥0.9mg/k <0.2mg/kg, heavy metal Village Cd Not large Liyutang 2451 g, accounting for accounting for contaminatio cleaning 6 3023.38 8.6 3 11.98 3 pollution emphasis; Town 7 13.3%; 4 point 10%; 1 point n; pollution project is risk not active locations with Cd location with Cd source: high implemented. content content background 0.6-0.9mg/kg, 0.4-0.6mg/kg, value of accounting for accounting for heavy metal 26.7%; 9 point 10%; 8 point and pollution 109 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness locations with Cd locations with Cd of content content>0.6mg/k agricultural 0.3-0.6mg/kg, g, accounting for inputs accounting for 80%; no other 60%. heavy metal contamination, including As, Pb and Hg. There were 2 The 2 3 point locations small-sized smelting in all; 2 point smelting enterprises locations with Cd Longxings Cd enterprises; were closed Large content 7 hi 1060.31 3.02 13 4809 2.35 15 pollution No data pollution in 2006, and emphasis; 0.6-0.9mg/kg; 1 Township risk source: residual active point location discharge of problems with Cd content “three were also 0.3-0.6mg/kg. wastes” solved. 13 point There were 3 The 3 locations in all; 5 small-sized smelting point locations smelting enterprises with Cd Cd enterprises; were closed Large Matian 1408 8 1877.48 5.34 6 6.88 6 content≥0.9mg/k pollution No data pollution in 2012, and emphasis; Town 8 g; 4 point risk source: residual active locations with Cd discharge of problems content “three were also 0.6-0.9mg/kg; 4 wastes” solved. 110 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness point location with Cd content 0.3-0.6mg/kg. There is no enterprise which produces 3 point locations heavy metal in all; 1 point contaminatio locations with Cd Village Cd n; pollution Large Qijia content≥0.9mg/k cleaning 9 1674.31 4.76 9 6753 3.3 11 pollution No data source: high emphasis; Township g; 2 point project is risk background active locations with Cd implemented. value of content heavy metal 0.3-0.6mg/kg. and pollution of agricultural inputs 79 point Discharge of It is now a locations in all; “three centralized 31 point wastes” of area of Cd Large Taihe 1277 locations with Cd related enterprises 10 1744.42 4.96 7 6.24 8 pollution No data emphasis; Town 9 content≥0.9mg/k enterprises in producing risk active g, accounting for Taihe heavy metal 39.2%; 33 point Industrial contaminatio locations with Cd Park through n. 15 related 111 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness content atmospheric enterprises 0.6-0.9mg/kg, dustfall and were closed accounting for sewage in 2013, 41.8%; 14 point irrigation including locations with Cd Pengxing content Lead 0.3-0.6mg/kg, Industry Co., accounting for Ltd and 17.7%; 1 point Guangyong location with Cd Metal Co., content≤0.3mg/k Ltd. g, accounting for 1.3%. 5 point locations in all; 1 point location with Cd There were 4 The 4 content small-sized smelting 0.6-0.9mg/kg, smelting enterprises accounting for Cd and enterprises; were closed Large Yangtang 20%; 4 point As 11 860.75 2.45 14 4925 2.41 14 No data pollution in 2013, and emphasis; Township locations with Cd pollution source: residual active content risk discharge of problems 0.3-0.6mg/kg, “three were also accounting for wastes” solved. 80%; 3 point location with As content 112 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness 15-20mg/kg, accounting for 60%; 2 point locations with As content <15mg/kg, accounting for 40%. There is a 6 point locations small-sized in all; 2 point smelting locations with Cd enterprise Baoshuting content≥0.9mg/k (Baoshuting); Lead and g; 2 point Cd and pollution Zinc Large Youma locations with Cd As 12 1476.47 4.2 11 6314 3.08 12 No data source: Composite emphasis; Town content pollution discharge of Mill Plant active 0.3-0.6mg/kg; 2 risk “three was closed in point locations wastes” and 2013. with combined pollution of Cd and As agricultural pollution. inputs 5 point locations There were 3 The 3 Cd and in all; 2 point small-sized smelting Large Yuelai As 13 832.45 2.37 15 5109 2.5 13 locations with Cd No data smelting enterprises emphasis; Town pollution content≥0.9mg/k enterprises; were closed active risk g; 1 point pollution in 2013, and 113 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness location with Cd source: residual content discharge of problems 0.6-0.9mg/kg; 2 “three were also point locations wastes” solved. with Cd content 0.3-0.6mg/kg; 5 point locations with As content 15-20mg/kg. Some related 55 point enterprises in locations in all; Zhangshu 12 point Discharge of Industrial locations with Cd “three Park (Leixin content≥0.9mg/k wastes” of Nonferrous g, accounting for related Metal Co., 21.8%; 27 point enterprises in Ltd and locations with Cd Cd Zhangshu Large Zhangshu 1048 Xianshui 14 1221.53 3.47 12 5.12 9 content pollution No data Industrial emphasis; Township 8 Nonferrous 0.6-0.9mg/kg, risk Park through active Metal Co., accounting for atmospheric Ltd) were 49.1%; 15 point dustfall and closed in locations with Cd sewage 2013, and content irrigation residual 0.3-0.6mg/kg, problems accounting for were also 27.3%. solved. 114 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness 211 point 3 related locations in all; enterprises in most point Tangmenkou locations are 43 point Industrial severely polluted locations in all; Discharge of Park by Cd; 46 point 22 point “three (Shunyuan locations with Cd locations with Cr wastes” of Smelting content≥0.9mg/k content<0.2mg/k related Co., Ltd, g, accounting for g, accounting for enterprises in Zhiyuan 21.8%; 41 point 51%; 9 point Tangmenkou Silicon Metal locations with Cd locations with Cr Industrial Industry Co., Large content content Park, sewage Cd and Ltd and emphasis; 0.6-0.9mg/kg, 0.2-0.4mg/kg, irrigation of Bianjiang 3381 As Hongfu existing VIP 15 4170.81 11.86 1 16.52 1 accounting for accounting for reservoir √ Town 2 pollution Precious pilot 19.4%; 87 Cd 21%; 5 point water, and risk Metal Co., projects; content locations with Cr discharge of Ltd) and active 0.3-0.6mg/kg, content “three Xiangyun accounting for 0.4-0.6mg/kg, wastes” of Lead 41.2%; 35 point accounting for related Industry Co., locations with Cd 12%; 7 point enterprises in Ltd were content≤0.3mg/k locations with Cr Bianjiang closed in g, accounting for content >0.6mg/k Town 2013, and 16.6%; 1 point g, accounting for residual location with As 16%. problems content≥30mg/kg were also ; 2 point solved. locations with As 115 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Farmland area indexes Rice yield indexes Emphasis of town and Proportio Proportio Current village Paddy n in total Rice n in total Farmlan Pollution situation of Name of Rankin Rankin government If No field farmland yield rice yield Heavy metal d risk source and pollution towns and g in the g in the Cd content s, and the selecte . area area of in of the content of soil and risk pollution source townships whole whole public d (hectare the whole 2014 whole type pathway managemen county county participatio ) county (t) county t n (%) (%) willingness content 20-30mg/kg; 32 point locations with As content 15-20mg/kg; 176 point locations with As content <15mg/kg. According to the comparison results, Bianjiang Town and Huangni Town are large and main grain-producing areas in the county, with the main farmland pollution type of Cd pollution and the Cd contents ＜0.3mg/kg to ≥0.9mg/kg. Their pollution sources are clear and reasonably managed. Besides, they also obtain large emphasis of the town governments and high participation willingness of the residents. Therefore, Bianjiang Town and Huangni Town are selected as the project towns based on the project area selection principles. 116 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 6.2.2.2 Selection of Project Villages See Table 6-3and Table 6-4. 117 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 6-3 Analysis of Project Village Selection in Bianjiang Town Type and Pollution source Analysis of Current situation Emphasis Participation Village degree of pollution of pollution Regional Infrastructure If of willingness of name main pathway source representativeness conditions selected government the public pollution management According to Historically, the No plant site or field soil Cd content waste residue left investigation, exceeds the in sites of there were two standard value historical smelting waste residue due to enterprises. Individual smelting atmospheric Cd There are enterprises and sedimentation, pollution; existing they were waste pollution irrigation dismantled in wastewater degree: Modern agricultural canals, drainage Jinli 2005 without discharge and Large demonstration Very active canals and √ Village main part plant site or or waste residue emphasis of 1＜ waste residue left. stacking of village unhardened farm tracks; Pi≤3 and a At present, there smelting reconstruction is small part is no smelting enterprises. required. of 3＜Pi≤5 enterprise, tailings pond or waste residue stacking in surrounding and upstream areas. Individual There was a Historically, the The workshops of There are Cd smelting soil Cd content Shunxing existing pollution; enterprise exceeds the Nonferrous Metal irrigation pollution (Shunxing standard value Co., Ltd are not canals, drainage Nonferrous Metal due to dismantled; \ Large degree: 1 Very active canals and √ Co., Ltd) in the atmospheric equipment and emphasis ＜Pi≤3; unhardened small-area south direction sedimentation, waste residues in farm tracks; combined and it was closed waste the workshops are reconstruction is Wuni Cd and Hg in 2013. At wastewater completely required. 118 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Pollution source Analysis of Current situation Emphasis Participation Village degree of pollution of pollution Regional Infrastructure If of willingness of name main pathway source representativeness conditions selected government the public pollution management Village pollution present, there is discharge and cleaned. no smelting waste residue enterprise, stacking of tailings pond or smelting waste residue enterprises. stacking in surrounding and upstream areas. There is a Exhaust gases Runjing Co., Ltd smelting of smelting handles all enterprise enterprises environmental (Ruijing Smelting pollute the protection Plant) in the farmland soils; procedures. At Individual upstream area, the Cd content present, it Cd and it is under in irrigation conducts normal pollution; production at There are water exceeds production under pollution present. The Cd existing the standard regulation and degree: 1 irrigation content of value and the supervision of Sewage irrigation canals, drainage Songbai ＜Pi≤3, 3 Zhengjiachong water enters the local Large area, existing VIP Very active canals and √ Village ＜Pi≤5 and Reservoir, the farmland. environmental emphasis pilot projects unhardened Pi>5; irrigation water protection farm tracks; small-area source, exceeds authority. reconstruction is combined the standard According to the required. Cd and As value for local planning, it pollution irrigation water. will be closed at the end of 2016, and equipment and waste residue reservoir will be completely 119 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Pollution source Analysis of Current situation Emphasis Participation Village degree of pollution of pollution Regional Infrastructure If of willingness of name main pathway source representativeness conditions selected government the public pollution management cleaned, so as to eliminate hidden environmental hazards. According to Historically, the No plant site or field soil Cd content waste residue left Individual investigation, exceeds the in sites of Cd There are there was one standard value historical smelting existing pollution; waste residue due to enterprises. Not active of irrigation pollution smelting atmospheric farmers in canals, drainage Bitang degree: 1 enterprise and it sedimentation, \ Emphasis developing the canals and Village ＜Pi≤3; was dismantled in waste agricultural unhardened small-area 2005 without wastewater production farm tracks; combined plant site or or discharge and reconstruction is Cd and As waste residue left. waste residue required. pollution stacking of smelting enterprises. According to Historically, the No plant site or Most young There are Individual field soil Cd content waste residue left adults in the existing Cd investigation, exceeds the in sites of village go out irrigation Tongxin pollution; there was one standard value historical smelting as migrant canals, drainage \ Emphasis Village pollution waste residue due to enterprises. workers, and canals and degree: 1 smelting atmospheric only children unhardened ＜Pi≤3 enterprise and it sedimentation, and the elderly farm tracks; was dismantled in waste are left. reconstruction is 120 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Pollution source Analysis of Current situation Emphasis Participation Village degree of pollution of pollution Regional Infrastructure If of willingness of name main pathway source representativeness conditions selected government the public pollution management 2005 without wastewater required. plant site or or discharge and waste residue left. waste residue stacking of smelting enterprises. According to Historically, the No plant site or field soil Cd content waste residue left The investigation, exceeds the in sites of infrastructure is there was one standard value historical smelting weak; it’s Individual waste residue due to enterprises. Cd necessary to smelting atmospheric build new Tangxia pollution; enterprise and it sedimentation, \ Emphasis Not active irrigation Village pollution was dismantled in waste degree: 1 canals, drainage 2005 without wastewater canals and farm ＜Pi≤3 plant site or or discharge and tracks; the waste residue left. waste residue investment is stacking of large. smelting enterprises. According to Historically, the No plant site or The field soil Cd content waste residue left infrastructure is Individual investigation, exceeds the in sites of weak; it’s there was one standard value historical smelting necessary to Cd waste residue due to enterprises. build new Zhoujia pollution; smelting atmospheric \ Emphasis Not active irrigation Village pollution enterprise and it sedimentation, canals, drainage degree: 1 was dismantled in waste canals and farm ＜Pi≤3 2005 without wastewater tracks; the plant site or or discharge and investment is waste residue left. waste residue large. 121 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Pollution source Analysis of Current situation Emphasis Participation Village degree of pollution of pollution Regional Infrastructure If of willingness of name main pathway source representativeness conditions selected government the public pollution management stacking of smelting enterprises. According to Historically, the No plant site or Individual field soil Cd content waste residue left The investigation, exceeds the in sites of infrastructure is Cd Most young there was one standard value historical smelting weak; it’s pollution; adults in the waste residue due to enterprises. necessary to pollution village go out smelting atmospheric build new Pailou degree: 1 Not large as migrant enterprise and it sedimentation, \ irrigation Village ＜Pi≤3; emphasis workers, and was dismantled in wastewater canals, drainage small-area only children 2005 without discharge and canals and farm combined and the elderly plant site or or waste residue tracks; the Cd and As are left. waste residue left. stacking of investment is pollution smelting large. enterprises. Ci Pi  In which：Pi is single-factor pollution index；Ci is measured concentration of one pollutant (mg•kg-1)；Si is second-level value of Si soil environment quality of one pollutant（mg•kg-1） ；i is one pollutant. After comprehensive consideration of types and degrees of pollution, regional representativeness, emphasis of the government, participation willingness of the villagers, and infrastructure conditions in all villages in the main areas with concentrated heavy metal contamination, 5 villages are finally selected as project implementation villages, i.e., Jinli Village,Tangmen Village, Wuni Village, Tielu Village and Songbai Village. 122 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 6-4 Analysis of Project Village Selection in Huangni Town Type and Analysis of Current situation of Emphasis Participation Village degree of Regional Infrastructure If Pollution source pollution pollution source of willingness of name main representativeness conditions selected pathway management government the public pollution Individual Huangni Industrial Park Cd is about 400m upstream pollution; of the two villages in Some related pollution the northwest direction. There are enterprises in Huangni existing irrigation degree: 1＜ All enterprises producing heavy metal Industrial Park canals, drainage Pi≤3, 3＜ Muzitang (Huiyuan Smelting Large canals and Pi≤5 and contamination in the Very active √ Village park were closed Historically and Co., Ltd, Shunda emphasis unhardened farm Pi>5; tracks; large-area (Xintai Silver Co., Ltd, currently, the soil Smelting Co., Ltd, Yongxin Silver Co., reconstruction is combined Cd content Hongzhan Metal Co., required. Cd and As Ltd, Deweixin exceeds the Ltd, Yongxin Silver pollution Nonferrous Metal Co., Ltd, Jinyang Lead standard value Co., Ltd and Industry Co., Ltd, due to Rongsheng Fuli Co., Near to Huangni Rongsheng Precious atmospheric Ltd, etc) were closed Industrial Park, and Metal Co., Ltd, sedimentation, and residual problems with large influence Individual Yongxing Shunda wastewater were solved in 2013. Cd Smelting Plant, discharge and At present, Xintai pollution; Huiyuan Smelting Co., There are waste residue Silver Co., Ltd and existing irrigation pollution Ltd, Xiangnan degree: 1＜ Nonferrous Metal Co., stacking of Huiyuan NanoST Co., canals, drainage Dongze Ltd, Huangni Precious smelting Ltd are under Large canals and Pi≤3 and 3 Very active √ Village Metal Co., Ltd, enterprises. production and will be emphasis unhardened farm ＜Pi≤5; tracks; large-area Hongzhan Metal Co., closed at the end of Ltd and Chutian reconstruction is combined 2016, and residual required. Cd and As Nonferrous Metal Co., problems will also be pollution Ltd, etc). At present, Xintai Silver and solved. Huiyuan NanoST are under production. Individual According to field Historically, the The infrastructure No plant site or waste Cd investigation, there was soil Cd content is weak; it’s Xiaoyuan residue left in sites of Large pollution; a waste residue exceeds the \ Very active necessary to Village historical smelting emphasis pollution smelting plant, and it standard value build new enterprises. degree: 1＜ was dismantled in 2005 due to irrigation canals, 123 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Analysis of Current situation of Emphasis Participation Village degree of Regional Infrastructure If Pollution source pollution pollution source of willingness of name main representativeness conditions selected pathway management government the public pollution Pi≤3 without plant site or atmospheric drainage canals waste residue left. sedimentation, and farm tracks; wastewater the investment is discharge and large. waste residue stacking of smelting enterprises. Historically, the soil Cd content exceeds the There are According to field standard value Individual existing irrigation Cd investigation, there was due to No plant site or waste canals, drainage a waste residue atmospheric Yangjia pollution; residue left in sites of canals and smelting plant, and it sedimentation, \ Emphasis Not active Village pollution historical smelting unhardened farm was dismantled in 2005 wastewater degree: 1＜ enterprises. tracks; without plant site or discharge and Pi≤3 reconstruction is waste residue left. waste residue required. stacking of smelting enterprises. Historically, the soil Cd content exceeds the Most young There are According to field standard value Individual adults in the existing irrigation Cd investigation, there was due to No plant site or waste village go out canals, drainage pollution; a waste residue atmospheric Dacun residue left in sites of as migrant canals and smelting plant, and it sedimentation, \ Emphasis Village pollution historical smelting workers, and unhardened farm was dismantled in 2005 waste wastewater degree: 1＜ enterprises. only children tracks; without plant site or discharge and Pi≤3 and the elderly reconstruction is waste residue left. waste residue are left. required. stacking of smelting enterprises. 124 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Analysis of Current situation of Emphasis Participation Village degree of Regional Infrastructure If Pollution source pollution pollution source of willingness of name main representativeness conditions selected pathway management government the public pollution Historically, the soil Cd content exceeds the The infrastructure Individual According to field standard value is weak; it’s investigation, there was due to necessary to Cd No plant site or waste a waste residue atmospheric build new Shakeng pollution; residue left in sites of pollution smelting plant, and it sedimentation, \ Emphasis Not active irrigation canals, Village historical smelting was dismantled in 2006 waste wastewater drainage canals degree: 1＜ enterprises. without plant site or discharge and and farm tracks; Pi≤3 waste residue left. waste residue the investment is stacking of large. smelting enterprises. There are Individual Huangni Industrial Park Some related is about 500m enterprises in Huangni existing irrigation Cd downstream of the canals, drainage pollution; Industrial Park Near to Huangni Quantian three villages in the Historically and Large canals and pollution (Huiyuan Smelting Industrial Park, and Very active √ Village emphasis unhardened farm degree: 1＜ southwest direction. All currently, the soil Co., Ltd, Shunda with large influence enterprises producing tracks; Pi≤3 Cd content reconstruction is heavy metal Smelting Co., Ltd, exceeds the required. contamination in the Hongzhan Metal Co., park were closed standard value Individual Ltd, Yongxin Silver Cd (Xintai Silver Co., Ltd, due to Co., Ltd and pollution; Yongxin Silver Co., atmospheric Rongsheng Fuli Co., pollution Ltd, Deweixin sedimentation, There are Ltd, etc) were closed degree: 1＜ Nonferrous Metal Co., wastewater existing irrigation and residual problems Near to Huangni Pi≤3; Ltd, Jinyang Lead discharge and Industrial Park, and canals, drainage Shihu small-area Industry Co., Ltd, were solved in 2013. Large canals and Rongsheng Precious waste residue with large influence; Very active √ Village combined At present, Xintai emphasis unhardened farm Metal Co., Ltd, stacking of VIP pilot projects Cd and Hg Silver Co., Ltd and tracks; Yongxing Shunda smelting are carried out. pollution, Huiyuan NanoST Co., reconstruction is and Smelting Plant, enterprises. required. Ltd are under combined Huiyuan Smelting Co., Cr, Pb and Ltd, Xiangnan production and will be Hg pollution Nonferrous Metal Co., closed at the end of 125 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Analysis of Current situation of Emphasis Participation Village degree of Regional Infrastructure If Pollution source pollution pollution source of willingness of name main representativeness conditions selected pathway management government the public pollution Individual Ltd, Huangni Precious 2016, and residual Cd Metal Co., Ltd, problems will also be pollution; Hongzhan Metal Co., There are solved. existing irrigation pollution Ltd and Chutian degree: 1＜ Nonferrous Metal Co., canals, drainage Yangchong Large canals and Pi≤3 and 3 Ltd, etc). At present, \ Very active √ Village Xintai Silver and emphasis unhardened farm ＜Pi≤5; tracks; small-area Huiyuan NanoST are reconstruction is combined under production. required. Cd and As pollution Historically, the soil Cd content exceeds the The infrastructure According to field standard value is weak; it’s Individual investigation, there was due to necessary to Cd No plant site or waste pollution; a waste residue atmospheric build new Banchong residue left in sites of smelting plant, and it sedimentation, \ Emphasis Not active irrigation canals, Village pollution historical smelting was dismantled in 2005 waste wastewater drainage canals degree: 1＜ enterprises. without plant site or discharge and and farm tracks; Pi≤3 waste residue left. waste residue the investment is stacking of large. smelting enterprises. Historically, the soil Cd content exceeds the The infrastructure According to field standard value is weak; it’s Individual investigation, there was due to necessary to Cd No plant site or waste pollution; a waste residue atmospheric build new Zhuangshan residue left in sites of Large pollution smelting plant, and it sedimentation, \ Very active irrigation canals, Village historical smelting emphasis was dismantled in 2005 waste wastewater drainage canals degree: 1＜ enterprises. without plant site or discharge and and farm tracks; Pi≤3 waste residue left. waste residue the investment is stacking of large. smelting enterprises. 126 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Analysis of Current situation of Emphasis Participation Village degree of Regional Infrastructure If Pollution source pollution pollution source of willingness of name main representativeness conditions selected pathway management government the public pollution Historically, the soil Cd content exceeds the Most young There are According to field standard value adults in the existing irrigation investigation, there was due to No plant site or waste village go out canals, drainage Combined a waste residue atmospheric Wencun residue left in sites of Not large as migrant canals and Cd and As smelting plant, and it sedimentation, \ Village historical smelting emphasis workers, and unhardened farm pollution was dismantled in 2005 waste wastewater enterprises. only children tracks; without plant site or discharge and and the elderly reconstruction is waste residue left. waste residue are left. required. stacking of smelting enterprises. Historically, the soil Cd content Individual exceeds the The infrastructure Cd pollution; According to field standard value is weak; it’s investigation, there was due to necessary to pollution No plant site or waste a waste residue atmospheric build new Yongshui degree: 1＜ residue left in sites of Not large smelting plant, and it sedimentation, \ Very active irrigation canals, Village Pi≤3; historical smelting emphasis was dismantled in 2005 waste wastewater drainage canals small-area enterprises. without plant site or discharge and and farm tracks; combined waste residue left. waste residue the investment is Cd and Hg stacking of large. pollution smelting enterprises. Historically, the soil Cd content The infrastructure According to field exceeds the is weak; it’s Individual Cd investigation, there was standard value necessary to No plant site or waste pollution; a waste residue due to build new Yuanmu residue left in sites of Large smelting plant, and it atmospheric \ Very active irrigation canals, Village pollution historical smelting emphasis was dismantled in 2005 sedimentation, drainage canals degree: 1＜ enterprises. without plant site or waste wastewater and farm tracks; Pi≤3 waste residue left. discharge and the investment is waste residue large. stacking of 127 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Type and Analysis of Current situation of Emphasis Participation Village degree of Regional Infrastructure If Pollution source pollution pollution source of willingness of name main representativeness conditions selected pathway management government the public pollution smelting enterprises. Ci Pi  In which：Pi is single-factor pollution index； （mg•kg-1） Ci is measured concentration of one pollutant ；Si is second-level value of soil environment quality Si of one pollutant（mg•kg-1）；i is one pollutant. After comprehensive consideration of types and degrees of pollution, regional representativeness, emphasis of the government, participation willingness of the villagers and infrastructure conditions in all villages in the main areas with concentrated heavy metal contamination, 5 villages are finally selected as project implementation villages, i.e., Dongze Village, Muzitang Village, Dongtian Village, Shihu Village and Yangchong Village. 128 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 6.3 Selection and distribution of project area For Huangni Town and Bianjiang Town, abide by the following principles according to the project area selection criteria and the project implementation environment, with the aim of realizing farmland pollution treatment: give priority to areas which are included in the local heavy metal treatment planning, project area with certain implementation experience, project area with high initiative of local people and good field infrastructure, and project area with the largest investment benefits. After many field investigations and comparisons, the following villages are finally determined as the project implementation villages: Jinli Village, Tangmen Village, Wuni Village, Tielu Village and Songbai Village of Bianjiang Town, as well as Quantian Village, Yangchong Village, Shihu Village, Muzitang Village and Dongze Village of Huangni Town, which form 4 project areas, i.e., Changlu project area, Songbai project area, Shihu project area and Muzitang project area. Analysis of project area selection: see Table 6-5. 129 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 6-5 Analysis of Project Site Selection Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Changlu project area Songbai project area Shihu project area Muzitang project area Jinli Village and Wuni Village Songbai Village of Bianjiang Quantian Village and Shihu Muzitang Village and Dongze Villages and towns involved of Bianjiang Town Town Village of Huangni Town Village of Huangni Town Area, hectare 235.34 161.67 243.06 226.67 Regional Concentrated area, hectare 235 86.5 162 135 representativeness Type of main farmland Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field If it is a main grain-producing Grain yield: 2,432 tons/year Grain yield: 810 tons/year Grain yield: 1,132 tons/year Grain yield: 871 tons/year area Clear: “three wastes” of related Clear: “three wastes” of related enterprises including Ruijing Clear: “three wastes” of Clear: “three wastes” of related If cause of heavy metal enterprises including Shunxing Smelting Plant, as well as related enterprises in enterprises in Huangni Industrial contamination is clear Nonferrous Metal Co., Ltd sewage irrigation of reservoir Huangni Industrial Park Park water Some related enterprises in Huangni Industrial Park (Huiyuan Related enterprises will be Smelting Co., Ltd, Shunda Smelting Co., Ltd, Hongzhan Metal closed and waste residues will If main pollution source is Related enterprises were Co., Ltd, Yongxin Silver Co., Ltd and Rongsheng Fuli Co., Ltd, be treated at the end of 2016; controllable or causes new closed, waste residues were etc) were closed and residual problems were solved in 2013. At Clear and irrigation water source is pollution to downstream treated; the pollution source is present, Xintai Silver Co., Ltd and Huiyuan NanoST Co., Ltd are controllable changed as west river; the farmland controllable under production and will be closed at the end of 2016, and pollution source pollution source is related residual problems will also be solved; the pollution source controllable. is controllable. In case of tailings pond, if No No No Yes, safe there is leakage Water quality of irrigation Water quality of irrigation Water quality of irrigation Water quality of irrigation water Water quality conditions of water reaches standards; water reaches standards; water reaches standards; reaches standards; irrigation water (including Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of irrigation upstream sediment) irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches water reaches standards. standards. standards. standards. Scope of pH value 4.8-7.5 5.6-6.72 5.2-6.4 4.5-6.1 Cd pollution: 0.48-0.92; Contents of main heavy metal Cd pollution: 0.98-3.18, and As Cd pollution: 0.2-0.76; some Cd pollution: 0.35-1.61; some some combined Cd and Hg, contamination factors pollution; some combined Cd combined Cd and Hg pollution combined Cd and As pollution Cd and As and Cd, Pb and Type of heavy metal (mg/kg) and As pollution Hg pollution contamination Excessive Cd content: Excessive Cd content: Excessive Cd content: Excessive Cd content: Content of heavy metal in rice 0.047—0.837mg/kg; contents 0.039—1.333mg/kg; contents 0.04—0.825mg/kg; contents 0.088—0.378mg/kg; contents of (mg/kg) of Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not of Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not of Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not exceed exceed the standard values. exceed the standard values. exceed the standard values. the standard values. 130 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Changlu project area Songbai project area Shihu project area Muzitang project area If it is included in related No No No No local planning If local soil heavy metal Emphasis and contamination treatment is No Yes, VIP pilot projects Yes, VIP pilot projects No participation conducted willingness If farmers or agricultural cooperatives are active to Very active Very active Very active Very active participate in the project Rate of no infrastructure and 22% 18% 32% 26% Infrastructure and mismatching construction Investment per hectare (RMB investment 6.46 8.04 13.07 5.32 10,000 yuan) It it is included in the project Conclusion Yes Yes Yes Yes area 131 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 7 Analysis of social impact 7.1 Analysis of social impact The Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hunan Province with World Bank Loan involves 16 counties (cities) and has wide social impacts. Each implementation link is connected closely and all linked with one another. The smooth implementation of the project is largely determined by the participation willingness and attitude of the project implementation subject (peasant household). To serve the optimization design of the whole project and its effective implementation, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province entrusts Hunan Normal University’ Sociology Research Institute to work out the social impact assessment report. According to the safeguard policies of the World Bank, the social impact assessment and analysis should be conducted in combination with social assessment. 7.1.1 Positive impact Within a short period of time, the project is expected to bring the following positive impact: 1. Launching project propaganda to enhance stakeholders’ awareness of producing safe products. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Stakeholders in the slightly polluted area are not fully aware of causes of heavy metal pollution in the farmland and possible negative effect. The project propaganda and training are organized to improve the stakeholder’s awareness of governance urgency. 2. Organizing project training to improve farmer’s skills of producing safe products. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Heavy metal pollution of agricultural products is associated with the farmer’s agricultural skills. The agricultural skills and technologies are optimized to reduce heavy metal pollution against the agricultural products. Therefore, the project aims to organize training program for the farmers and thus upgrade the safe product production skills. 132 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 3. Encouraging the public to participate in the project and reaching a common consensus in the governance of heavy metal pollution of farmland. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The stakeholders have certain disputes over the governance necessity and methods. The project encourages the public to participate in the project and reach common consensus in the governance of heavy metal pollution of farmland. 4. Improving the infrastructure construction to create favorable conditions for agricultural production. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The farmers are eager to improve the backward infrastructure facilities such as irrigation facilities. Every time social evaluation team reaches a project village, the local residents reflect poor infrastructure facilities, especially road and water; the rural infrastructure facilities in the project area suffer from inadequate input and lack effective investment and management which seriously hinder the agricultural production and sustainable development in rural area. The project aims to implement clean water irrigation, channel modification and machinery farming road maintenance projects and create favorable conditions for agricultural production. 5. Executing environmental management and agricultural environment surveillance to provide technical support for agricultural product quality management. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Agricultural products and soil surveillance facilities are inadequate in the project area; therefore, the governmental department and farmers are not fully aware of the degree of heavy metal polluted agricultural products. The project aims to execute environmental management and agricultural environmental surveillance so as to provide technical support for the quality management of agricultural products. 6. Establishing rural cooperative to improve farmer’s risk resistance capability and product competitiveness. The long-term backward and poverty-stricken status of the project area renders numerous farmers constantly know about the situation: Distributed pattern will make them live by sales of elementary agricultural products; the products 133 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan suffer from low added value, low production efficiency and market connection difficulty. The farmers have to sell agricultural products through local or non-local buyers; the products ultimately reach the companies; the farmers can only get the price of elementary agricultural products; the added value of products is produced after deep processing. Therefore, the farmers become aware of and are eager to cooperate with rural cooperative and large households, enhance the market competitiveness, and lengthen the industrial chain so as to increase the product price. The project aims to establish rural cooperative and thus improve the risk resistance capability and product competitiveness. 7. Generating considerable economic benefits. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The heavy metal pollution governance of farmland has affected the agricultural production and farmer’s income to a certain degree. The project governance measures can yield considerable economic benefits mainly in the following four aspects: (1) Raise the sales price of agricultural products. The project adopts related measurers to produce eligible agricultural products and thus raise the price of agricultural products. For instance, some slightly polluted areas in Yongxing have made test of VIP governance measures; Cadmium content in the paddy and grain is controlled effectively and paddy and grain price can be increased from RMB 250 Yuan/kg to RMB 320 Yuan/kg. (2) Reduce the cost of agricultural production. The rural cooperative organization is supported and cultivated to reduce agricultural capital cost by about 30%. (3) Improve the land use efficiency. The land use efficiency is rather high in the rural cooperative. The rural cooperative is established to improve the land use efficiency. (4) Upgrade the added value of agricultural products. The project team cultivates the rural cooperative and establishes surveillance facilities, provides organization and technical support for the agricultural industrialized development and brings benefits to upgrade the added value of agricultural products. 8. The project yields obvious social benefits. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Numerous people go to non-local areas for working; the poverty-stricken households focus on the traditional agricultural business and planting 134 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan model and are plunged into the poverty circulation; the heavy metal pollution governance of farmland lacks related experience. The project is able to effectively settle the said problems; produce obvious social benefits, mainly in the following aspects: 1) Bring benefits to the backflow of migrant workers. The project creates employment opportunities and working posts for migrant workers; in particular, it creates more employment opportunities for women. The investigation discovers: above 70% of total labor in the rural cooperative is women. 2) Bring benefits to poverty relief and wealth accumulation. The poverty-stricken households are mainly restricted to the information, technology and fund which lead to poverty circulation. The project team offers support to the poverty-stricken households in the respect of information, technology and fund and brings benefits to poverty relief. 3) Bring benefits to the formation of farmland pollution governance model. Currently, the farmland pollution governance lacks related experience and model. The project is able to explore into effective and practical technical and management model in the project area and produce a demonstration effect for the heavy metal pollution governance in other areas. 7.1.2 Negative impact (1) In the project execution, it is expected to shift the agricultural production structure; some land may change the planting model which will affect the income of some farmers for a short period of time. (2) In the project construction, the dust, noise, rubbish and sludge’s temporary stacking will have interim negative impact on the cleanliness and tidiness of project area and have a temporary and negative impact on the daily life and production of local residents in the project area. 7.1.3 Brief summary of social impacts In general, the Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land has positive impacts on the society. It can improve the soil in the project area, increase the yield of the agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition and the ecological environment of the project area, fuel the social and economic development in the project 135 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan area and improve the quality of the farmers and the comprehensive service level of agriculture. In addition, it is beneficial to the agricultural technology transfer and can improve the awareness to the agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention. The main negative social impacts are the transfer of the agricultural production structure that may happen, the requisition of some lands and the interest demands. The negative social impacts can almost be removed if reasonable and legal land requisition and proper compensation are realized. 7.2 Analysis of social risks 7.2.1 Involuntary resettlement In the existing project area: Prohibited planting variety is not formulated. 1st batch of three counties has a total governance area of 2,299.2 hectares, including 2,100.93 hectares of slight pollution (1＜Pi≤3) which takes up 91.38% of total governance area; 149.27 hectares of moderate pollution (3＜Pi≤5) which take up 6.49% of total governance area; 49 hectares of severe pollution (Pi>5) which take up 2.13% of total governance area. In the farmland governance, “VIP” and organic fertilizer or green manure (F) is adopted with a total area of 2,250.2 hectares; the modified project has a total area of 49 hectares, including 15 hectares of sorghum, 21 hectares of flowers and seedling trees and 13 hectares of orange candy. The project activities do not require land requisition; all the civil works are organized in the village; the villagers adopt the built facilities. The modified land is uncertain in the specific households before evaluation of project. The following measures are mainly adopted in the project area: land repair; in some moderately or severely polluted areas, the planting model is changed; therefore, the prohibited planting variety does not exist in the project area. In the modified planting of sorghum and orange candy, the fruit farmers may not have as much income as that before project intervention. Secondly, land requisition is not involved. The project measures include two aspects: (1) Modifying the irrigation channel or water ditch. The original water channel is consolidated and repaired. (2) Newly built machinery or electric irrigation station, maintaining needed land within the 136 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan project village and refusing to change the property of collective property. The project is not involved in the land requisition and demolition; however, it may be involved in a small amount of reduced income in the modified planting farmers for a short period of time. Since it is difficult to confirm the affected farmers in this stage and rest 13 project villages are not confirmed, resettlement policy framework is prepared for the candidate subitem according to OP 4.12 policies of the World Bank in order to instruct possible involuntary resettlement, including reasonable subsidy standard and methods for reduced income of farmers for a short period of time. 7.2.2 Staff resettlement In three project counties starting at the earlier stage, there is an enterprise (Yongxing Ruijing Smelting Plant) required for relocation in the Songbai project area in Yongxing County. The linear distance from the enterprise to the project area in Yongxing County is about 4.2 km. The enterprise has 68 workers and mainly includes male workers accounting for 77.8% and female workers accounting for 22.2%; it mainly involves the middle-aged labor with the average age of 46.67 and junior middle school graduates (accounting for 88.9%); all workers are from Yongxing County without workers from other counties; the workers averagely work 5.72 years in the company, among whom 14 years are as the longest working year and 1 year is as the shortest working year; the workers basically conclude and sign the written labor contract, and the company and the workers conclude and sign the labor contract once a year or once every two years; existing workers only purchase employment injury insurance without other social insurance; they have no occupational injury or occupational disease; all workers are willing to continue working in the relocated enterprise. Because existing workers are the skilled workers, the enterprise is willing to continue to employ all existing employed workers after being relocated and rescission of labor relation or unemployment situation are absent. With integral relocation of the enterprise, the enterprise is willing to continue employment and the workers are also willing to continue working in the relocated enterprise, and thus rescission of labor relation is absent and the resettlement scheme of the workers is not additionally formulated. The 137 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan workers and the enterprise conclude and sign the labor contract; for the workers, rescission of labor relation will be protected by current laws and regulations and the protection procedure is very clear, and thus once rescission or termination of labor relation is involved in the integral relocation process of the enterprise, it shall be performed according to current laws and regulations of the labor contract. 7.2.3 Risks of farmers’ livelihoods Certain risks occur with change of farmland crops. In the project implementation process, change of farmland crops mainly includes three types: retention of original planting habit, farmland replanting and adjustment of cultivation system. For retention of original planting habit, social risks occurring with land remediation mainly include four types: reduction of net income is regarded as the first type risk. Because the cost of raw material, manpower, water and electricity need to be increased in the remediation process of the existing land, the net income can be reduced if the cost cannot be reflected in the price or reasonably compensated, or finally local residents resist land remediation. The market selling risk is regarded as the second type risk; if low-cadmium accumulated varieties are replanted in the project, it means that original selling channels and methods are required for change. There is a risk that new varieties are sold in new selling channels and methods or not. Food not reaching the standard is regarded as the third type risk. In the control period, grain crops not reaching the standard cannot enter into the food chain and can only be regarded as biological materials. The price of the grain crop as the industrial raw material is lower 1/3 than that of the normal grain crop. The yield reduction risk is regarded as the fourth type risk. Rice blast is possibly increased through flooding irrigation measures and replanting of low-cadmium varieties, thereby possibly resulting in yield reduction. Social risks occurring with farmland replanting also include two types: the first type risk is that the subsidy standard is lower than the expected one of the farmer. When the subsidy standard is lower than the expected one of the farmer, keeping income level of farmer unchanged cannot be reached and the economic income of the farmer can be 138 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan affected. The second type risk is caused by market selling. The risk of creating new selling channels is present when fruit trees, vegetable and cotton are replanted. Because fruit trees and vegetable are not purchased at the governmental protective price and are lack of the governmental disclosure system, the income risk of the farmer is increased. The adjustment of cropping system may bring forth risks of net income reduction. The alteration of planting pattern is possible to increase labor input and net income will decline if such input has not been compensated reasonably. 7.2.4 Risks of public opinions The project area suffers from rather complex environmental pollution; apart from heavy metal pollution in the soil, some areas suffer from the industrial wastewater, waste gas and rural living pollution which will damage the health and daily life of local residents. The project is expected to lead to four types of public opinion risks: 1) Risk of ambiguous reason. In the investigation, the local residents reflect that pollution leads to agricultural failure and poor living water. They are caused by pollution in numerous aspects; farmland soil pollution governance is executed without other pollution governance which may mislead local residents to heavy metal pollution; they may claim for compensation. 2) Risk of exaggerating heavy metal pollution. The heavy metal pollution governance of farmland led by the governmental department may mislead local residents to heavy metal pollution to all the agricultural products in the project area. Improper settlement may lead to cluster event. 3) Risk of local residents’ environmental protection awareness. The stakeholders have deviation in their role in the environmental pollution and protection; they do not think they should bear responsibilities for surrounding environmental pollution and do not deem them as one of the environmental governance bodies. Therefore, they require the government or certain organization to bear the soil improvement responsibilities; they mainly play the role of executor. 7.3 Control of social risks In order to successfully implement the project of safety and quality promotion in 139 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan agricultural product place, the following supporting policies must be taken: (1) Formulating social management framework to resolve possible risks of bringing about negative impact on ethnic minorities; formulating the resettlement policy framework to mitigate the possible risk of involuntary resettlement. Project implementation shall be basically done in the project village, and the collective-owned nature of land or facilities built by the project village shall not be change. However, the project probably has uncertain impacts on farmers’ livelihood and short-term income; consequently, the resettlement policy framework needs to be formulated. (2) Work out the basic compensation package and cultivate agricultural cooperatives to ease the economic risk in the farmland pollution treatment The basic compensation package shall be planned through negotiation among local agricultural departments and residents and can be properly adjusted according to actual conditions. According to technical methods, the subsidy schemes include two types: the remediation technology of taking VIP as the basis is as the first subsidy scheme. Said scheme aims at the recognized risk and said subsidy is divided into cost subsidy and risk subsidy: cost subsidy is mainly used for compensating the increased cost; risk subsidy is mainly used for compensating possible benefit loss such as benefit loss caused by the product without reaching the standard. The other subsidy is replanting subsidy. The replanting subsidy is divided into two types: (1) productive subsidy for compensating cost caused by replanting; (2) benefit loss subsidy for compensating reduced income caused by replanting. For the replanted project with large investment, when flower plants and nursery stocks are replanted, the local residents are encouraged to explore the financial mode of mutual protection among farmers + cadre guarantee and company + base + credit cooperative + farmer. The farmer professional cooperative shall be cultivated for the project without the farmer professional cooperative, and the management ability shall be promoted for the project with the farmer professional cooperative by training. (3) Strengthening technical training and standards to resolve technical risks in the management process. 140 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan In order to resolve technical risk in the management process, the project group firstly shall strengthen technical training of local farmers and women through many ways. Secondly, training subsidy of farmers shall be formulated and recommended at 50 Yuan/day. Thirdly, technical standards shall be strengthened, the agricultural department shall formulate detailed technical standards for flooding irrigation, liming, application of organic fertilizer, growing green manure and leaf surface control agent and increasing application of soil conditioner and a certain standard requirements shall be formulated for replanted crops, and whether relevant requirement can be reached shall be regarded as the subsidy standard. Finally, the liming equipment is recommended to be purchased and technical training is executed for relevant personnel. (4) Set up clear accountability systems to ease the management risk in treatment. To ease the risk in management, firstly, clear duty specifications should be established. The duty specification should sort out the corresponding responsibilities of the leaders at the provincial level, the county level, the township level and the village level. The responsibilities should be assigned to the people. Secondly, a technical supervision team consisting of “Provincial Agricultural Department + Bureau of Agriculture + agricultural experts” should be established. The technical supervision team of each project county should have at least two working staff from the Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province and two agricultural experts. Meanwhile, put forward corresponding rules about the number of times and the time of inspection tours of the technical supervision team. At last, strengthen relevant protective measures and maintain safety and convenience during the project construction. It is suggested that the project owner and the construction organization of the project take a full consideration of the objective requirement and habit for local residents’ production and life to arrange the project construction schedule and minimize the influence of road blocking and noises on local residents. (5) Strengthening propaganda and training and public opinion guidance to resolve risks of public opinions in the control process. 141 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Measures for controlling potential risks of public opinions in the project area are as follows: firstly data obtained by the project initiator via monitoring shall be appropriately confidential at the project initiation and implementation stage; secondly the environmental awareness of the residents shall be increased by strengthening publicity; finally a scientific and reasonable participation principle shall be formulated. Specific measures are as follows: food security knowledge shall be propagandized to all residents so that they recognize that pollution of heavy metal can be effectively reduced by taking necessary measures; ② public opinions are correctively guided by taking relevant propagandizing measures to prevent from being wrongly informed; at each project stage, wording shall be noticed and labeling shall be avoided as far as possible. The following social action plans are recommended to be developed for the above conclusions and measures: firstly, a farmland management institution shall be established to ensure that farmers achieve deep participation and wide negotiation during project implementation; secondly, a compensation scheme shall be formulated to ensure economic benefit of farmers, avoid or maximally retard negative impact on farmers in the control process of the polluted farmland; thirdly, strategies for action shall be formulated and cost estimation work shall be well done; fourthly, a project complaint mechanism shall be established to facilitate extensive participation of residents. 142 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 8 Process of Public Participation 8.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment 8.1.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders 8.1.1.1 Purpose of public participation Public participation and information disclosure form a two-way communication between project owner and the public through environmental impact assessment work. They are an important constituent part of environmental impact assessment of the construction project and they are crucial for improvement of decision-making. The purposes of public participation and information disclosure include: Release project related information to project region and people paying attention to construction of this project; enable the public to get to know the main conditions, construction and operation characteristics of the project as well as major environmental problems related to the project; help assessment personnel find the problems and confirm that all major environmental problems resulting from the project are already analyzed and evaluated in the environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA); confirm feasibility of environmental protection measures as well as carry out and implement optimized measure schemes. Public consulting has emphasized on the importance of connection and communication between parties involved in the project and the public. It can directly reflect the public opinions and enable the decision-making department to timely spot potential problems and timely modify and perfect design scheme so as to fundamentally solve the problems complained by the public, gradually make project planning, design, environmental monitoring and management more complete and reasonable and strive to obtain optimized unification in terms of environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. 8.1.1.2 Identification of stakeholders According to assistance objectives of World Bank, all directly or indirectly benefited or damaged individuals and organizations within the project affected regions are all stakeholders of the project. According to feasibility study report, farmland pollution in 143 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan project areas is administered by adopting measures such as agricultural improvement, land remediation and supporting of rural cooperative. The main stakeholders involved mainly include: (1) Farmer households in project areas: Farmer households in project areas are the directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an impact on land use and agricultural measures. (2) Agricultural cooperatives: Agricultural cooperatives in project areas are also directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an impact on their management and cultivation model to different extents. (3) Relevant departments of the government: Farmland pollution administration involves relevant departments such as agricultural department, environmental protection department and water conservancy department. （4）Surrounding enterprises which are relocated or closed in the project region and involve emission of heavy metal pollutants are regarded as the direct beneficial or damaged subjects. In this part, appeals and expectations of farmer households, agricultural cooperatives and relevant departments of the government in project areas for the project are intensively analyzed. 8.1.2 Negotiation methods and contents According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of public negotiation and information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental and social impact assessment 144 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan (ESIA) is completed. Besides, public participation and information disclosure will also be continuously carried out during project implementation. 8.1.2.1 Negotiation methods Methods for public participation negotiation mainly include: (1) Convening of symposiums in project areas; (2) Visit some people in project areas; (3) Carry out public opinion census in form of questionnaire survey; (4) NGO: Forms including convening of symposium or telephone interview are adopted; ⑸ Paying a visit to surrounding enterprises which are relocated or closed in the project region and involve emission of heavy metal pollutants. 8.1.2.2 Negotiation contents Contents of symposiums and interviews with the masses: In a symposium, construction conditions of this project as well as main contents involving environmental protection are mainly introduced to participants and participants’ ideas and suggestions on project construction and environmental protection are heard. 8.1.3 Public participation investigation 8.1.3.1 First round of public investigation activities Table 8-1 First round of public investigation activities Time Form Place Negotiation object Content Get to know the status quo of local Agricultural Competent agricultural agriculture, consult with the local Bureau of September 2015 Symposium department of Yongxing conditions of the project. and listen to the Yongxing County opinions of competent agricultural County department on the project. Relevant competent Get to know basic conditions of local Agricultural departments of industrial and mining enterprises involving Bureau of September 2015 Symposium government of Yongxing heavy metal, get to know water quality of Yongxing County in charge of local irrigation water source, get to know County environmental protection, status quo of safety of local agricultural 145 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Time Form Place Negotiation object Content water conservancy, products and listen to the opinions of security and quality relevant competent departments of the supervision government on the project. Posting of Posting of project announcement in September 2015 Project district Local residents announcement bulletin board of government 146 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan On-the-spot photos of the first round of public investigation activities: a. Symposium of relevant competent b. Minutes of symposium of relevant departments of Yongxing County competent departments of Yongxing County Government Government c. Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of government 8.1.3.2 Second round of public investigation activities Table 8-2 Second round of public investigation activities Negotiation Time Form Place Content object Songbai Get to know the status quo of local agriculture January Project Area Local Symposium and consult with the local conditions of the 2016 of Yongxing residents project. County Changlu Get to know the status quo of local agriculture January Project Area Local Symposium and consult with the local conditions of the 2016 of Yongxing residents project. County Muzitang Get to know the status quo of local agriculture January Project Area Local Symposium and consult with the local conditions of the 2016 of Yongxing residents project. County 147 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Negotiation Time Form Place Content object Shihu Project Get to know the status quo of local agriculture January Area of Local Symposium and consult with the local conditions of the 2016 Yongxing residents project. County Carry out site survey to get to know the status quo of local agriculture and get to know January Project Local Interview planting structure, irrigation facilities and 2016 district residents application conditions of agriculture fertilizers and pesticide. January Project Local Posting of project announcement in bulletin Interview 2016 district residents board of government Surveying surrounding enterprises which are relocated or closed in the project region and December Project Surrounding involve emission of heavy metal pollutants Paying visits 2016 district enterprises and knowing about environmental demands of these enterprises and their impact on the project On-the-spot photos of the second round of public investigation activities: a. Symposium of Changlu Project Area of b. Symposium of Songbai Project Area of Yongxing County Yongxing County c. Symposium of Shihu Project Area of d. Symposium of Shihu Project Area of Yongxing County Yongxing County 148 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan e. Posting of project announcement in f. Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of Changlu Project Area of bulletin board of Changlu Project Area of Yongxing County Yongxing Count g. Posting of project announcement in h. Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of Songbai Project Area of bulletin board of Shihu Project Area of Yongxing County Yongxing County i. Cultivated land of Shihu Project Area of j. Farmland irrigation channel of Shihu Yongxing County Project Area of Yongxing County 149 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan l. Cultivated land of Changlu Project Area of k. Cultivated land of Changlu Project Area Yongxing County m. Cultivated land of Shihu Project Area of o. Farmland irrigation channel of Changlu Yongxing County Project Area of Yongxing County 8.1.3.3 Public participation questionnaire In order to listen to the ideas and suggestions of people affected by the project on project construction and environmental protection, questionnaires are given out to relevant personnel in project areas including major agricultural planting households, individual planting households, village cadres, other farmers and enterprise employees. Applicable questionnaire shall be designed according to project characteristics. There are 60 questionnaires in total. The statistics of basic information of the respondents are shown in Table 8-3. The results of questionnaire survey are shown in Table 8-4. The statistical data in the statistical table of basic information of respondents indicates that the ratio of female respondents takes up 30% and the ratio of respondents aged 41-60 takes up 55%, thus relatively favorably representing the basic features of affected people. The questionnaires filled out by these personnel can basically reflect the actual conditions and ideas of these groups. Statistics of each question raised in the questionnaire are gathered and relevant analysis is conducted. See Table 8-5 for details. Table 8-3 Statistical table of basic information of respondents involved in public opinion questionnaire of environmental impact assessment Sex Age Education Above Senior Junior Above Primary Male Female 18~40 41~60 junior high high 60 school college school school Number of persons 42 18 10 33 17 1 5 29 25 (person) 150 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Ratio (%) 70 30 17 55 28 2 8 48 42 Table 8-4 List of statistical results and analysis of public opinion questionnaire of environmental impact assessment Investigation No. of No. Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion content persons Yes 29 48 7% of respondents do not Do you understand project conditions, 1 understand this Heard of before 27 45 indicating that the publicity efforts project? No idea 4 7 of the project shall be reinforced. Bulletin board 35 58 50% of respondents get to know the How do you get TV/newspaper/network 6 10 project from the bulletin board, to know 2 indicating that the announcement of information of Local residents 12 20 the project has already become this project? effective. Other approaches 7 12 What attitude do Approve 60 100 you adopt No one disagrees on project 3 Disapprove 0 0 towards this construction. project? No idea 0 0 What’s your Reasonable 60 100 opinion on site No one thinks that the project site 4 Unreasonable 0 0 selection of the selection is unreasonable. project? No idea 0 0 What kind of Promoting effect 60 100 impact of project construction will Obstructing effect 0 0 No one thinks that project 5 be imposed on construction will obstruct local economic No impact 0 0 development of local economy. development in No idea 0 0 your opinion? Which aspect of Water environment 31 52 project construction will Atmospheric environment 6 10 About half number f respondents be under most 6 Ecological environment 8 13 think that the project has the biggest influence of influence on water environment. project construction in Others 15 25 your opinion? Reduction of agricultural 42 70 What are the soil pollution main Improvement of Most respondents think that environmental farm-oriented irrigation 10 17 reduction of pollution is the major 7 benefits of this quality environmental benefit of this project in your Improvement of quality project. opinion? and safety of agricultural 8 13 products What is the Improvement of income 7 12 biggest influence on the interests of Environmental Most respondents think that the 45 75 8 yourself and local improvement implementation of the project will residents after improve local environment. construction of Food safety 8 13 this project Are you satisfied Satisfied 30 50 42% of respondents are dissatisfied with status quo of with current local environmental 9 local Dissatisfied 25 42 quality, indicating relatively serious environmental environmental problems in project quality? No idea 5 8 implementation area. 151 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Investigation No. of No. Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion content persons Water pollution 30 50 What is the major 50% of respondents think that the local Atmospheric pollution 15 25 local water pollution is the major 10 environmental problem, while the construction of problem in your Noise 0 0 this project will improve local water opinion? environment. Ecological destruction 15 25 Heavy metal 45 75 Most respondents think that heavy What is the major contamination metal contamination is the largest environmental Pesticide pollution 5 8 land environment problem at 11 problem existing Excessive fertilizer present, indicating that the in cultivated land 6 10 application construction contents of this project at present? Others 4 7 are well-targeted. What is the Agricultural soil pollution 30 50 problem you want to solve most in Production technologies 16 27 The project will effectively realize 12 current Product sales 9 15 this objective. agricultural production? Others 5 8 What change will Improved 28 47 About half number of respondents take place to the thinks that the improvement of yield of grain Reduced 5 8 project will improve the yield. 13 crops after Unchanged 22 37 Safeguarding of grain yield of implementation farmers is the key to ensure smooth of the project? No idea 5 8 project implementation. What change will Improved 50 100 take place to the The respondents think the quality of Reduced 0 0 implementation of the project will 14 agricultural improve quality and safety of products after Unchanged 0 0 agricultural products. implementation of the project? How about your Relatively complete 18 30 opinion on local Only 30% of respondents think that agriculture and Relatively simple and the local agriculture and water 30 50 15 water crude conservancy facilities are relatively conservancy completed, indicating relatively irrigation No irrigation facility 12 20 weak local irrigation facilities. facilities? Do you already Fully mastered 20 33 Most respondents think that they master various basically master related skills for related skills for Probably learned 25 42 construction and maintenance of 16 construction and field irrigation system but there are maintenance of Not mastered 15 25 still some respondents failing to field irrigation master such skills. system? Are you willing Yes 45 75 to participate in the whole process No 0 0 Most respondents are willing to take of project design, part in the whole process of design, construction and construction and implementation of 17 implementation if field irrigation system, indicating field irrigation No idea 15 25 relatively high degree of concern of system is locals for irrigation system. designed and constructed locally? Have you ever No 10 17 17% of respondents totally fail to participated in receive agricultural training. 18 training on 1-2 times 12 20 Therefore, relevant training shall be agricultural strengthened during project knowledge? 3-5 times 17 28 construction. 152 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Investigation No. of No. Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion content persons Above 5 times 21 35 Fully manual planting 11 18 Most respondents adopt planting Manual planting + Limited method of manual planting + limited 35 58 What is your crop agricultural machinery agricultural machinery or total 19 Agricultural machinery + planting method? 7 12 manual planting, indicating Limited manual planting relatively weak agricultural Fully agricultural machinery construction at present. 7 12 machinery Farm manure 9 15 Application of compound and trace fertilizers takes up 35%, application Compound fertilizer and of testing soil for formulated Types of 21 35 trace fertilizer fertilization takes up 15%, chemical Testing soil for formulated 20 9 15 indicating that certain foundation of fertilizers applied fertilization testing soil for formulated by you fertilization in local place. It is Mixed fertilization 21 35 relatively beneficiary to implementation of the project. Recommended by 13 22 agricultural technical staff How do you Recommended by dealers 16 27 About half number of respondents choose chemical Based on experience (or selects chemical fertilizers and 21 fertilizers and recommended by 29 48 pesticide based on experience (or pesticide? neighbors) recommendation by neighbors). Based on labels 2 3 (advertisements) How do you Pesticide store 48 80 Most respondents purchase acquire chemical Direct sales from 22 6 10 chemical fertilizers and pesticide in fertilizers and manufacturer pesticide stores. pesticide? Itinerant vendor 6 10 Ask those who used 13 22 What is the basis chemical fertilizers before. Most respondents determine usage guiding your Based on experience 30 50 of chemical fertilizers by learning 23 usage of chemical Label instructions 9 15 from others or based on previous fertilizers at experience. present? Guidance by agricultural 8 13 technical staff How do you Based on experience 15 25 About half number of respondents determine using Label instructions 15 25 determines using frequency of frequency of 24 Guidance by agricultural chemical fertilizers and pesticide chemical 24 40 technical staff according to guidance of fertilizers and agricultural technical staff. pesticide? Recommended by dealers 6 10 1-2 times 12 20 How about the Pesticide is relatively frequently frequency of use 3-4 times 29 48 used in project areas and plant 25 of pesticide in 5-6 times 16 27 diseases and insect pests are each round of relatively serious. crop planting? Above 6 times 3 5 Hand-operated sprayer 23 38 Knapsack sprayer 33 55 How do you Most respondents use hand-operated 26 spray pesticide? Power sprayer 4 7 and knapsack sprayers. Unified prevention and 0 0 control company Which work shall Publicity and education 18 30 Most respondents think that 27 be mainly publicity, education and relevant strengthened in Training 26 43 training shall be strengthened, 153 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Investigation No. of No. Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion content persons the next step in Organization and which is also a highlight in the order to ensure implementation of 6 10 early-stage work of the project. successful monitoring and assessment implementation Others 10 17 of the project? What are your opinions and Main opinions and suggestions: It is expected that the project can be implemented as soon as suggestions on possible with guaranteed quality and quantity. Meanwhile, environmental protection work 28 project shall be properly conducted. The normal lives of surrounding people shall not be affected construction and during construction period. environmental protection work? What are Main difficulties and hopes: It is expected that the project would have relatively good difficulties and continuity and the economic subsidy can be improved in a proper manner; project publicity hopes during 29 shall be enhanced to enable more people to get involved in the project as well as play a implementation demonstrative role for local agricultural development through favorable implementation and construction effect. of the project? Feedbacks of questionnaires concerning public opinions of environmental impact assessment (samples) a. Feedbacks of questionnaires concerning b. Feedbacks of questionnaires concerning public opinions of environmental impact public opinions of environmental impact assessment (sample) assessment (sample) 154 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan c. Feedbacks of questionnaires concerning public opinions of environmental impact assessment (sample) 8.1.4 Information disclosure and feedback 8.1.4.1 Site announcement Site announcement refers to posting of paper announcement in bulletin boards of township governments and village committees where the project is implemented as other densely-populated areas. 8.1.4.2 Contents of announcement According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is completed. Contents of announcement are shown as follows: ①Overview of construction project 155 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan ②Work procedures and main contents of assessment; ③Scope of solicitation of public opinions and main matters; ④Specific solicitation of public opinions; ⑤Method and term for the public to check abridged edition of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA); ⑥Starting and ending dates for the public to put forward their opinions; ⑦Contact information, including mailing addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization 8.1.5 Summarization of opinions and feedbacks of public participation Table 8-5 Summary sheet of opinions and feedbacks of public participation Public opinions Corresponding feedbacks in environmental management plan Land leveling and digestion are carried out locally upon muck excavation of 1. About control of construction project points; the household garbage of construction personnel are centrally garbage collected on the construction site and timely cleared and transported. 2. About project implementation PMO is responsible for uniformly establishing scheme and organize training of effect agricultural technical service providers and field schools. Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area to detect the water quality of irrigation 3. About water pollution problems water source during key water demand period of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality. Liming personnel shall properly conduct protection work and properly wear 4. Safety management and protective clothes and masks during application of quick lime to ensure safety of personnel’s health issues personnel and seedlings. Maintain and upgrade the irrigation canals in the program areas that couldn’t meet 5. Related to irrigation measures irrigation demands, and meet the farmers’ demands for irrigation canals and irrigation water source 156 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 8.1.6 Public consulting and information disclosure during project implementation After the annual detection results of agricultural products are presented during project implementation, the county will hold a public participation site investigation meeting. The basic conditions of project and detection results of agricultural products are notified to relevant farmer households and rural cooperatives. If the heavy metal content of agricultural products exceeds the standard, such agricultural products will be uniformly acquired and safely disclosed in unified accordance with subsidy policy formulated in the project implementation scheme. Meanwhile, the opinions and suggestions of stakeholders including farmer households and rural cooperatives in project areas are collected and relevant countermeasures or measures shall be adopted based on such opinions and suggestions. Improvement will be made in the subsequent implementation of the project. 8.1.7 Brief summary of public participation Table 8-6 Summary sheet of public participation Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation List of public participation in the first round: Understand the current situation of local agriculture, Play a demonstrative role Agricultural Competent consult the project for local agricultural September Bureau of agricultural circumstance in Symposium development through 2015 Yongxing department of the local place favorable implementation County Yongxing County and listen to the effect. opinions of agricultural authorities about the project. Understand the Relevant competent basic situation of departments of local industrial government of and mining The water quality of local Agricultural Yongxing County in enterprises irrigation water source is September Bureau of charge of Symposium involving the already controlled and the 2015 Yongxing environmental heavy metal, project demand can be County protection, water understand the satisfied. conservancy, water quality security and quality status of the supervision irrigation water 157 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation List of public participation in the first round: source, understand the current safety status of local agricultural products and listen to the opinions of related governmental department about the project. List of public participation in the second round: Understand the current situation Play a demonstrative role Songbai of local for local agricultural January Project Area Symposium Local residents agriculture, and development through 2016 of Yongxing consult the project favorable implementation County circumstance in effect. the local place. Understand the current situation Properly adopt relevant Changlu of local measures and avoid January Project Area Symposium Local residents agriculture, and influencing on normal lives 2016 of Yongxing consult the project of surrounding people County circumstance in during construction period. the local place. Understand the current situation Properly adopt relevant Muzitang of local measures and avoid January Project Area Symposium Local residents agriculture, and influencing on normal lives 2016 of Yongxing consult the project of surrounding people County circumstance in during construction period. the local place. Understand the current situation Properly adopt relevant Shihu Project of local measures and avoid January Area of Symposium Local residents agriculture, and influencing on normal lives 2016 Yongxing consult the project of surrounding people County circumstance in during construction period. the local place. Carry out site Farmland irrigation water survey to get to source detection points are know the status set up at the main irrigation quo of local water inlet of cultivated January Project agriculture as well land in project area to Interview Local residents 2016 district as planting detect the water quality of structure, irrigation water source irrigation during key water demand facilities and period of grain planting so application as to ensure provision of 158 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation List of public participation in the first round: conditions of farm basis for safety of irrigation manure and water quality. pesticide. Surveying surrounding enterprises which are relocated or closed in the Ensuring that the project region irrigation water quality and involve is not polluted by relocating or closing the emission of December, Paying Project Surrounding surrounding enterprises heavy metal 2016 visits region enterprises which are in the project pollutants and region and involve knowing about emission of heavy environmental metal pollutants and demands of taking relevant these measures enterprises and their impact on the project Table 8-7 Summary sheet of information disclosure Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Information disclosure table of public participation in the first round: Post program announcement in September Government Posting of government bulletin to disclose the Agricultural Bureau 2015 bulletin announcement overview and main contents of of the County construction project Information disclosure table of public participation in the second round: Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and main Songbai matters; contact information including mailing Agricultural Bureau Project Area Posting of January 2016 addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of Yongxing of Yongxing announcement number, contact persons, emails, etc. of County County development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and main Changlu matters; contact information including mailing Agricultural Bureau Project Area Posting of January 2016 addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of Yongxing of Yongxing announcement number, contact persons, emails, etc. of County County development organization and environmental impact assessment organization 159 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Information disclosure table of public participation in the first round: Post program announcement in September Government Posting of government bulletin to disclose the Agricultural Bureau 2015 bulletin announcement overview and main contents of of the County construction project Information disclosure table of public participation in the second round: Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and main Muzitang matters; contact information including mailing Agricultural Bureau Project Area Posting of January 2016 addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of Yongxing of Yongxing announcement number, contact persons, emails, etc. of County County development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and main Shihu Project matters; contact information including mailing Agricultural Bureau Area of Posting of January 2016 addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of Yongxing Yongxing announcement number, contact persons, emails, etc. of County County development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Approaches such as convening of symposium, interview, granting of questionnaires and site announcement are adopted to get to know the opinions and suggestions of the public. The information collected through various approaches is utilized to enable the public in the project areas to generally get to know the conditions of this project, properly conduct environmental protection work and make the project to generate social, environment and economic benefits as early as possible. 8.2 Public participation of social impact assessment 8.2.1 Principle of public participation and information disclosure 1) Maintaining the disclosure of project information. The project propaganda is penetrated in the whole project cycle. Efforts are made to establish a regular disclosure system of project information; regularly make an announcement to the project information closely associated with stakeholders in the public areas of community. Besides, the group meeting, representative meeting, slogan, TV show and broadcasting measures are adopted to notify stakeholders of project preparations. 2) Assisting main stakeholders to establish the consciousness of project main body. 160 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan The evaluation team recommends to launch out the following training programs: a) organize participation training to the stakeholders and instruct them to positively think about community development, farmland heavy metal pollution and environmental protection; b) organize the training of environmental protection knowledge and instruct the stakeholders to think about impact of their living and production methods on the soil and think about protecting the soil; c) organize the training of project technologies and eliminate worries of stakeholders to the project. 3) Absorbing main stakeholders to participate in the project construction; first consider employing them as paid labor; permitting them to provide rear services for the construction project. 4) Concerning about the role of village community cadres and community strength in the project execution. The village community cadres participate in the project propaganda, training, mobilization, villager demand reflection, discovery of existing problems, coordination of contradictions and subsequent management. In the project execution, a certain subsidy is offered to the main cadres. 5) Launching out the village participation management model of village soil governance and protection and encourage the local residents to maintain the project effect sustainable. 6) Encouraging the weak tendency to participate in the project. In the project design, instructive stipulations are formulated for the weak tendency such as women and minority group. For instance, 50% of total women are required to participate in the training program (the standard can be properly graced in the minority group); various communities are required to absorb a certain ratio of poverty-stricken households to participate in the project and it is adopted as the project evaluation indicator. In order to listen to the voice of weak tendency, the village project team includes the representatives of women, minority group and poverty-stricken households. In view of rather low cultural level in the women and ethnic minority, various project areas organize special training programs, select proper teaching contents, methods and language according to the actual demand and thus upgrade 161 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan the training effect. As for the project area distributed with ethnic minority, easy and special training program is organized according to their features and demand. The assessment team has formulated the catalog for activity participation of project beneficiary in different project cycles such as farmland soil environmental governance. It includes the participation suggestions of the evaluation team. 8.2.2 Participation of stakeholders in the project preparation stage 8.2.2.1 Basic participation methods In the project impact area, the social evaluation team has launched out a series of project propaganda activities and mobilized stakeholders to participate in the project decision making. The stakeholders participate in the project at three levels: (1) Official symposium The assessment team convenes the symposium for officials of project office at various levels and related governmental departments and knows about and collects: ① Execution and assessment result of local project ② Project risk analysis; how to reduce risks ③ Suggestions on how to upgrade project effect ④ Project problems ⑤ Expected impact of the project ⑥ Collection of document literature and annual statistical statements at province, county and county level (2) Symposium of project farmers and rural cooperative society The assessment team convened a symposium with the subitem project owners, including the following contents: ① Background and process of project; knowledge of project execution status quo and assessment ② Project design ③ Existing problems ④ Suggestions on how to upgrade project effects and avoid risks 162 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan ⑤ Collection of owner’s filing documents ⑥ Selection of investigation point (3) Negotiation and participation of stakeholders The assessment team launched out negotiation and participation in the stakeholders. In the on-site work of each subitem project, the assessment team selected different investigation points in order to cover the affected stakeholders. The assessment team launched out the unlimited preliminary participation of stakeholders. In the on-site work, the assessment team selected different investigation points and convened three (3) times of county cadre symposium participated by the county agricultural bureau, environmental protection bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, civil and religious bureau, human resource and social security bureau, national land bureau and demolition office; in the project township, convened six times of village cadre symposium participated by the agricultural station technicians and township main responsible persons and project village committee’s director; convened six times of village team symposium (60 attendants in total, including 18 poverty-stricken people which takes up 30.0% of total number of attendants); convened six times of poverty-stricken household symposium (36 people in total), six times of women symposium (48 people in total); launched out in-depth interview with 30 local residents, including 10 women which took up 33.3%; 10 minority people which took up 33.3%; 10 poverty-stricken people which took up 33.3%. Besides, it distributed 632 copies of questionnaire in three project counties and recovered 604 effective copies with an effective recovery rate of 95.6%. In the questionnaire, the male feedback took up 72.2% and female feedback took up 27.8%. In the composition of race, Han people included 430 which took up 72.6%; Tujia nationality included 161 people which took up 26.9%; Miao, Dong and other nationality included 9 people which took up 0.5%. 8.2.2.2 Participation contents and activities of information disclosure The participation in the project preparation stage mainly aims to reach common consensus and design the appeal plan that can adequately reflect the demand of 163 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan stakeholders. Please refer to Table 8-8 for the specific participation catalog. Table 8-8 Participation model of stakeholders Participation Contents Activity methods Participants activities ①Publicize the importance and necessity of Bulletin, propaganda ①All the members of Project project execution; request for their opinions brochure, public village propaganda and suggestions. convergence, slogan and ②Project owner ② Transmit the following information propaganda list ③Project office concerned by the mainly affected groups in a timely manner: project execution date, venue, land requisition and demolition plan and compensation and settlement plan. Analysis of ①Confirm affected groups and basic living Representative meeting ① Village affected status Women symposium representative group ②Confirm the positive and negative impact Symposium of (including of various groups poverty-stricken poverty-stricken households household, ethnic Analysis of ① Analyze the status quo and existing Representative meeting minority and women) problems problems in the village/village farmland Women symposium ② Village/village pollution; determine specific impact degree Symposium of committee on the village development poverty-stricken ③ Project owner and ② Assist the local residents to analyze households project office association of farmland pollution with their own life Evaluation Analyze specific contents of indigenous Representative meeting of indigenous knowledge to alleviate farmland soil Women symposium knowledge pollution Symposium of poverty-stricken households Analysis of Confirm needs of affected groups; analyze Representative meeting need the gap between said needs and project Women symposium design Symposium of poverty-stricken households Feedback ① Evaluate the project design plan and Representative meeting project contents Women symposium ② Evaluate the project expectation and Symposium of suggestions of stakeholders poverty-stricken households Training ① Face with all the local residents and ① Representative ①All the members of enhance training of national and local meeting village environmental indicators and environmental ② Bulletin, propaganda ②Project owner protection laws and stipulations. brochure, slogan and ③Project office ②Launch out training on farmland pollution propaganda list ④Agricultural bureau control. ⑤Village committee ③Propagandize impact of living methods on the surrounding environment; assist the local residents to know about their living impact on the surrounding environment. 8.2.3 Public participation of project execution stage All the members of village, village committee, project owner, project office and village project management team are converged to participate in the project construction and surveillance in the form of village meeting, representative meeting and village project management team meeting. Please refer to Table 8-9 in detail. 164 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 8-9 Participation catalog of stakeholders of project construction stage Participation Contents Activity methods Participants activities Village project Confirm the team members, recommend ①Village meeting ①All the members of organization and select responsible person, execute ② Village/representative village and organization training, select and manage meeting ②Village committee management project construction staffs, safeguard the ③ Village project ③Project owner team security of construction site, coordinate the management team ④Project office relationship between various parties and meeting (including reflect the opinions of local residents. ⑤ Village project poverty-stricken management team households, immigrants, ethnic minority and women) Project ① Confirm the establishment methods, ①Village meeting ① The construction construction social capital introduction methods and ② Representative staffs include the farmland soil governance methods of meeting resettled groups, professional agricultural organization ③ Participation in the ethnic minority, ② Confirm working posts of project project construction women and construction poverty-stricken ③ Confirm the selection standard of households construction staffs and must include ②Project office resettled groups, ethnic minority, ③Project owner poverty-stricken household and women ④ Project ④ Confirm the remuneration of construction construction staffs institution ⑤Participate in the technical training and ⑤ Village project safety system training of construction management team staffs ⑥ Social capital ⑥Participate in the project construction representative Village/village ①Make regular surveillance of the soil ①Village meeting ①All the members of project soil ② Make resuming surveillance to the i ② Village/representative village surveillance resettled group’s living standard meeting ②Village committee team ③ Monitor resuming of natural ③ Village project ③Project owner environment upon completion of project surveillance team ④Project office ④ Make regular surveillance of (including ⑤ Village project agricultural products poverty-stricken surveillance team households, resettled groups, ethnic minority, and women) Training Make surveillance and assessment of skill Training of village ① Village project training project surveillance surveillance team team ②Project office ③Project owner Appeal to Establish opinion feedback system of ① Print out “table of ① Village project opinions village members project appeal opinions” surveillance team and distribute to each ②All the members of village team; enable the village local residents to raise ③ Project office and their opinions in a project owner timely manner. 165 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan ② Prepare complaint hotline in the provincial project office. ③ Designate village surveillance team to collect the farmers’ opinions and suggestions at any time. 8.2.4 Information Disclosure The participation right and bargaining power of migrants and affected personnel shall be emphasized during stages of migrant resettlement, policymaking, and plan preparation and implementation. The objects of public participation are classified into three types, i.e. government departments in each level, expert terms and affected village collective and population. Resettlement plan and social assessment shall be involved in negotiation and participation according to steps of public participation to ensure full participation of affected groups. All documents shall be announced according to policy of the World Bank and relevant archives shall be filed or published in the newspaper for announcement according to domestic requirements. Opportunities including social economic investigation and social impact assessment and investigation shall be utilized to extensively publicize and introduce resettlement policy of the Project by various means and solicit opinions from various kinds of affected population. After extensive public participation, coordination and communication, local governments, affected village collectives and affected population have already fully understood the potential influence, settlement policy and income recovery plan of the project. The project resettlement office and the local resettlement implementation organizations in each level may adopt the following procedures and methods to encourage the affected population to participate in negotiation: (1) Publicize basic information of the Project and attract the affected population to actively participate in the Project. Methods such as posting of announcement, radio and television, network media and 166 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan investigation forum are adopted to introduce basic conditions of the Project to the affected groups and enable the affected population to have a relatively full concept and understanding of the Project. The main contents of information of the Project include: Objectives of farmland pollution prevention and administration; influence of farmland pollution administration project; project compensation standards, compensation amount and resettlement policy; migrants’ opinion feedback and appeal channels. (2) Convening of public consulting meeting The project resettlement office organizes affected population to attend consulting meeting on an irregular basis based on actual conditions of project land acquisition and demolition. At least 5 meetings shall be convened. The number of participants shall not be lower than 30% of total affected population. During each meeting, representatives of disadvantaged groups especially women and ethnic minorities shall be invited to attend the meeting. The number of disadvantaged groups including women and ethnic minorities attending the meeting shall not be lower than 30% of total number of participants. Also, the meeting shall be monitored by relevant external independent monitoring organization. Furthermore, project construction contents, progress and resettlement policy of the Project shall be publicized through TV, broadcasting, newspaper and network. (3) Convening of hearing As for issuing centering on migrants including alternative crops and planting technologies, migrants’ compensation expectations and difficulties faced by migrants, the migrants may fully express their opinions first and then sorting of concentration ratios of demands, opinions and suggestions are formed through discussion, analysis and voting. Then, the community discussion results will be made public. (4) Announcement of resettlement framework After hearing and expert consulting, PMO shall formulate a draft and a final version of resettlement plan framework and give out them to migrants and the public in project areas. The general places used to disclose resettlement framework can be public activity places, villager activity rooms in the affected village committees, government public information 167 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan website, etc.. The language used shall be easy to understand. The draft of resettlement framework shall be publicized one month before it is submitted to the World Bank for approval. After the draft is recognized by the World Bank, the final version can be publicized. The main contents of resettlement framework include all lost property, compensation standards, compensation amount, resettlement policy, migrants’ rights and interests, and opinion feedback and appeal channels, etc.. (5) Announcement of agricultural products monitoring results during project implementing period Villager monitoring team shall monitor agricultural products through agricultural products monitoring equipment, and shall announce the inspection results. Inspection of agricultural products shall be once for single-season rice and twice for double cropping rice. Announcement of agricultural products monitoring results may be made at village information bulletin, concentrated villager activity place, villager activity room of administrative committee of affected village, government’s public information website, etc., and its language shall be easy to understand without ambiguity. 8.3 Information disclosure and Opinion Feedback (Complaint) Mechanism during Project Implementing Period 1. Information disclosure In order to enable the people affected in the implementing process of this project to quickly obtain information to guarantee sufficient consideration of the interest of affected people in the engineering construction and operation process, this project has established effective information disclosure mechanism. The information disclosure mechanism is as follows: Stage 1: small civil construction works For small civil construction works (such as renovation of irrigation canals, etc.), the construction unit shall release project information to the surrounding affected residents in form of public announcement. 168 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan The various construction sites shall release the related project information announcement, including but not limited to: ① Project overview; ② Construction plan: ③ Main construction works; ④ Main environmental problems and mitigation measures; ⑤ Name and telephone number of personnel in construction unit and supervision unit. The construction unit and supervision unit shall regularly communicate with surrounding residents to reduce negative influences. All construction units shall provide workers with training about maintenance of relationship and communication with surrounding residents, local custom and code of conduct. All complaints, problems and related matters shall be included in feedback report, and submitted to supervision unit and construction unit for review; the complaint contents to be corrected and handled must be delivered to the related parties to guarantee satisfaction of complaining personnel. Regarding the problems related to environmental protection, consult local environmental protection administrative departments for proper settlement. Stage 2: Agriculture technology activities For implementation of agriculture technology activities (such as liming, etc.), the implementation unit shall release project information to surrounding affected residents in form of public announcement. Clear public announcement relating to project information shall be posted in the surrounding area of the fields implementing various agriculture technology activities, including but not limited to: ① Project overview; ② Implementing plan of agriculture technology activities; ③ Main activity quantity (such as liming quantity); ④ Main environmental problems and relief measures; ⑤ Name and telephone number of personnel in implementation unit and supervision unit. 169 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan The construction unit and supervision unit shall regularly communicate with surrounding residents to reduce negative influences. All construction units shall provide workers with training about maintenance of relationship and communication with surrounding residents, local custom and code of conduct. All complaints, problems and related matters shall be included in feedback report, and submitted to supervision unit and construction unit for review; the complaint contents to be corrected and handled must be delivered to the related parties to guarantee satisfaction of complaining personnel. Regarding the problems related to environmental protection, consult local environmental protection administrative departments for proper settlement. Stage 3: Agricultural products inspection during implementation period During project implementation period, after release of agricultural products inspection report in every year, the county will hold one public participation on-site investigation meeting, at which the related farming households and rural cooperatives shall be informed of the basic project information and inspection results of agricultural products. If any agricultural product has out-of-limit heavy metal content, collective purchasing and safety handling shall be implemented on the out-of-limit agricultural products based on the subsidy policy formed by project implementing scheme. Meanwhile, the opinions and suggestions reflected from the stakeholders such as farming households and rural cooperatives in the project areas shall be collected, and the related countermeasures or measures shall be formed based on their opinions and suggestions, so as to make improvement in follow-up implementing process of project. 2. Opinion feedback (complaint) mechanism In order to timely and effectively handle problems occurring in implementing process of this project, and guarantee smooth proceeding of project, it is necessary to establish an opinion feedback (complaint) mechanism. After receiving environmental protection complaint or correction notice from administrative department, the construction unit or implementation unit shall immediately organize visits and investigations along with county PMO and other related departments, and make correction based on actual circumstances. Meanwhile, correction scheme shall be announced to settle environmental protection 170 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan dispute issues. After receiving a correction notice, correction shall be completed within 3 working days (those to be coordinated by administrative departments shall be completed within 10 working days). The feedback mechanism is as follows: The public may propose opinions to construction unit or implementation unit in form of sending letter, fax, email, etc.; or feedback opinions through county PMO and complaint office. Measures shall be adopted to guarantee complaining channel to be transparent and effective, the specific requirements of which are as follows: (1) If receiving any influence in any aspect of environment, resident may propose complaint to county PMO, which shall make the decision of handling such complaint within 2 weeks. (2) If the resident is still unsatisfied with the decision made by county PMO, he/she may, after receiving such decision, file complaint to higher level of administrative departments with jurisdiction for arbitration according to the Administrative Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. (3) If the resident is still unsatisfied with the award of arbitration, after receiving such award of arbitration, the resident may file lawsuit to civil court according to the Civil Procedure Law. (4) Residents may propose complaint (lawsuit) on any aspect of environmental management, including compensating standard, etc. (5) Complaining channel shall be informed to residents, so as to enable residents to be fully aware of their rights of complaint. (6) The institution accepting complaint from residents will not charge any fee; the expenses incurred from complaint shall be paid by the construction unit or implementation unit. (7) All complaints shall have standard recording, tracking and regular reporting: The contents of record shall include: the complaint recording sheet mainly include: basic information of complaining person, basic information of complaint matter, basic information of replier, solution and realized effect. Contents of tracking shall include: return visit to the complaining person to make sure 171 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan whether the complaint matter is handled, and the complaint is satisfied with the effect of handling, etc. Regular report shall include: the complaint information shall be regularly reported in writing to superior level, and written in the implementing plan of subsequent engineering. The construction unit or building unit shall arrange full-time environmental protection personnel to specifically collect and handle the unsatisfaction and complaint by the affected population. The name, office address and contact telephone number of the principal of construction unit or building unit shall be announced. Based on the opinions reflected by the public, and the environment monitoring report and inspection report by supervision institution, the environment and social management project will make targeted adjustment on the mitigation measures, so as to make further improvement on environment management activities. If it is found out in inspection that there is major deviation from the contents in environmental management and social plan, or any change of project has caused huge negative influence on environment, or caused significant increase of people affected by negative environment, the project management office shall immediately consult with the environment institution and establish environment evaluation team with World Bank to make extra environmental evaluation; if it is necessary, extra public consultation shall be made. The modified environmental and social management plan shall also be informed to the implemention organs and contractors, and enable them to implement based on the modified contents. 172 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Management Plan 9.1 Purpose of environmental and social management Environmental and social management is a part of project management, and an important process of the effective implementation of environmental protection and social risk prevention work. The purpose of the environmental and social management of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County is to guarantee the smooth implementation of the various environmental protection measures and social risk prevention measures of the project, to reduce the negative influence of project implementation on the environment and society, and to realize coordination among environmental protection, sustainable social development and economic development. 9.2 Contents of environmental and social management plan The environmental and social management plan of project is formed based on the evaluation of environmental and social influence; the contents mainly include environmental and social management system and duties, environmental and social management training, environmental protection measures proposed regarding the negative influences in the evaluation of environmental and social influence, social risk prevention measures, and the investment estimation of environmental and social management expenses. 9.3 Environmental and social management system 9.3.1 Setting of environmental management organization The setting of environmental and social management organization of the project is detailed in Table 6-1 and Figure 9-1. Table 9-1 Composition of environmental and social management system Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organization Management Provincial project joint  Provide comprehensive macro guidance for organization meeting implementation and coordination of relevant policies as 173 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan well as solving of relevant difficulties, supervise project implementation, review and approve project plan, seek for supporting capital, implement inter-department coordination and help solve difficulties existing in project implementation. Take charge of overall coordination and management of the project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes:  Check and coordinate with the work of each local environmental management department. Provincial PMO  Take charge of arranging survey activities of environmental experts of World Bank.  Summarize reports of each sub-project in different stages and submit them to World Bank for review.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis.  Coordinate with county PMO to handle complaint issues Take charge of implementation and management of each sub-project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes:  Supervise and urge the project implementer to County PMO implement environmental and social management plan.  Prepare staged report of project environmental and social management.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis.  Responsible for handling of complaint issues Supervise and check implementation of environmental and World Bank social management plan. The governmental administration organization conducts whole-process environmental supervision management of Environmental protection project activities according to law, including approval of bureau environmental impact assessment report, provision of guidance, and remediation acceptance. In the project areas with implementation organized by the specified agricultural cooperatives, the various project administrative villages shall establish the project quality supervision team composed of the village administrative committee members, farming household representatives, women representatives, poor farming household Supervision representatives and vulnerable targeted group representatives (minority representatives shall also be included in the area of organization minorities). Duties involved: firstly, supervise the project implemented by the specified farmer cooperatives and Third-party supervision agricultural enterprise along with the agricultural supervision institution company entrusted by the county PMO; secondly, assist the PMO of different levels to collect monitoring evaluation data as required; In the project areas independently implemented and organized by village administrative committee, establish village project implementing team to specifically organize the implementation of various projects and various agriculture technology measures, and its project quality supervision shall be implemented by the agricultural supervision company entrusted by the county PMO 174 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Project implementation Take charge of project implementation and execution of Implementation organization established by environmental protection measures.and prevention measures organization project implementation for social risks township of each county Implement environmental review, consulting and technical Environmental and social support upon the entrustment of project environmental consultants management organization. Implement environmental influence identification as entrusted by project environmental and social management Environment department, prepare specific environmental evaluation consultant documents, and provide environmental consultation and Preparation technical support stage Implement social influence identification as entrusted by Social project environmental and social management department, consultant prepare specific social assessment documents, and provide social consultation and technical support Consulting service Regularly implement periodic evaluation and summarization organization of project implementing environment as entrusted by project Environmental environmental and social management department, submit consultant environmental evaluation documents of implementation stage, and provide environmental consultation and technical Implementa support tion stage Regularly implement periodic evaluation and summarization of project implementing social influence as entrusted by Social project environmental and social management department, consultant submit social assessment documents of implementation stage, provide social consultation and technical support Undertake professional environmental monitoring tasks Environmental monitoring upon the entrustment of project environmental and social organization management organization. Framework of environmental and social management organization of project is shown in Figure 9-1. 175 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Figure 9-1 Framework diagram of environmental and social management organization of project 176 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Joint meeting of Integrated Inspectorate of the World Bank Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Hunan Province Environmental impact Environm assessment consulting Provincial PMO administra unit Environmental experts hired by County PMO provincial PMO Farmer households Environme and professional monitori cooperatives organizat Figure 9-1 Framework diagram of environmental and social management organization of project 9.3.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental and social management system The environmental and social management system adopted in “Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongxing County of Hunan Province with World Bank Loan” includes project management organization, supervision organization, implementation organization and consulting service organization. All these organizations commonly constitute a complete environmental and social management system of the project. However, each of them undertakes different work contents and has different scopes of responsibility. The project is launched under the organizing and leadership of provincial PMO and each project county (municipal) government to ensure the compliance of project construction with requirements stipulated by China and the World Bank concerning work 177 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan procedure and pollution prevention and control measures and prevention measures for social risks. Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization in this project are shown in Table 9-2 below. Table 9-2 Responsibilities of each organization in environmental and social management system Name of Type of Personnel Responsibilities of the organization organization organization allocation 1. Carry out whole-process environmental supervision management of this project according to law, including approval of project ① Environmental Supervision environmental impact assessment report Protection Bureau of 1 person organization (including environmental assessment work of Yongxing County sub-projects), and environmental supervision management in stages such as project construction and operation. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of Environmental and social Management Plan; 2. Supervise and urge the coordination and implementation of domestic environmental and social management requirements and environmental management requirements of ② Provincial project World Bank; Management 2~3 joint meeting and 3. Submit relevant reports to World Bank every organization persons provincial PMO half a year; 4. Check environmental management work of PMO in each level; 5. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems; 6. Entrust hired experimental and social expert group to check the project. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of sub-project environmental and social management rules and regulations; 2. Organize the preparation of approval application of domestic environmental impact assessment documents; 3. Urge the project design to meet environmental impact assessment requirements; 4. Include environmental and social protection measures in this environmental management ③PMO of Yongxing Management 1-2 plan in project construction contract; County organization persons 5. Hire, supervise and coordinate with project supervisor (qualification, responsibilities and management); 6. Organize the implementation of environmental management training plan; 7. Properly keep records on complaints during project construction and operation process, sort such records, answer handling results to the public and solve the problems complained by the public; 178 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 8. Submit reports (statements) to provincial PMO every quarter; 9. Accept the inspection of environmental work (including project inspection of World Bank) 1. The World Bank assigns an inspectorate every year to conduct special inspection of project Supervision 1~2 implementation; ④World Bank organization persons 2. Check execution conditions of loan agreement of this project and implementation conditions of Environmental and social Management Plan. ⑤ Provision of construction project Environmental 1. Carry out on-the-spot survey of each project and environmental impact conduct environmental assessment; 3 persons impact assessment assessment 2. Take charge of compiling contents of qualification organization Environmental Management Plan. certificate 1. Carry out site inspection of construction site and contractor and assist provincial PMO in checking environmental protection work of project points; Consulting ⑥ Environmental and 2. Guide environmental impact assessment unit service 2 persons social consultants and implementation unit to properly design and organization implement environmental protection measures, submit a draft report to provincial PMO and put forward suggestions and opinions on implementation of environmental protection. 1. Carry out environmental monitoring in project ⑦ Environmental Consulting construction period and operation period experts hired by service 1-2 according to Environmental Monitoring Plan, provincial PMO organization keep such conditions in the archives and report to each county (municipal) PMO. 1. Formulate each environmental protection measure in construction period; 2. Accept supervision and inspection from World Bank and environmental protection departments at all levels regarding environmental protection; 3. Establish a feedback mechanism and complete ⑨ Environmental Implementation rectification within 3 working days after experts hired by Several organization receiving notice of rectification (rectification provincial PMO shall be completed within 10 working days if management organization is demanded to coordinate); 4. Complete construction checklist together before construction and submit it to county (district) PMO. 1. Supervise the project implemented by specified farmer cooperatives and agricultural enterprise ⑩ Third-party Supervision along with agricultural supervision company supervision Several institution entrusted by county PMO; institution 2. Assist PMO of various levels to collect and evaluation data as required. 9.3.3 Environmental and soical management tasks in each project stage Project environmental and soical management involves different work contents in 179 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan different project implementation stages as shown in Figure 6-2. The most important task of environmental and soical management plan is to ensure that each environmental protection measure put forward is practically and effectively implemented, including: ①Include environmental protection measures in environmental and soical management plan into project design and construction contract and prevention measures for social risks; ②Implementation of environmental protection measures by the construction unit during construction period; ③Project acceptance, supervision and management of project operation period, mechanism of environmental and soical management plan inspection, reporting mechanism and filing mechanism. The timeliness of work is reflected through inspection of daily work. Environmental and social Program stage management task Feasibility study Identification of project type Preliminary design Form this type of environmental and social management plan, ensure the various measures proposed in the environmental and social management plan to be implemented in engineering supervision plan. Implement environmental and social management plan, implement Engineering on-site supervision and management on the construction activities of construction construction unit at construction site. Engineering and Environmental and social management plan proposes environmental protection requirements and requires submission of acceptance acceptance results to the related parties. Engineering operation Implement environmental and social management plan during operation period. Chart 9-2 Environmental and Social Management Tasks at Each Stage of Project 180 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 9.3.4 Public appeal and feedback mechanism 9.3.4.1 Public appeal During environmental impact assessment of the project, approaches including convening of symposium and granting of questionnaire are adopted to collect residents’ opinions. The public may express their opinions through symposium or fill out questionnaires granted by the assessment unit to express their opinions. They may initiatively ask for questionnaires to express their opinions or put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to development organization or assessment unit; also, they may state their opinions through Environmental Protection Bureau and Complaint Letter and Request Handling Office of Yongxing County. During project construction or operation period, the public may put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to construction unit or development organization; also, they may state their opinions through environmental protection bureau and complaint letter and request handling office of each project county (city). After receiving environmental protection complaint or rectification notice from administrative department, the environmental impact assessment unit, construction unit or development organization shall immediately join hands with relevant departments including design department to organize visit and investigation, carry out rectification based on actual circumstances, and publicize the rectification scheme to solve disputes involving environmental protection. 9.3.4 Public complaint and feedback mechanism A public complaint and feedback mechanism needs to be established in order to timely and effectively solve the problems occurring in project implementing process, and to guarantee the smooth proceeding of project. 9.3.4.1 Institution accepting unsatisfaction and complaint In order to better protect the local environmental quality status and interest of 181 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan surrounding residents, Yongxing County PMO has established environmental influence complaint acceptance leadership team, the head of which is concurrently served by the principal and related personnel of Yongxing County PMO; the complaint acceptance leadership team sets up complaint acceptance office at the Yongxing County PMO, and discloses the complaint acceptance institution’s telephone number, fax, address, email address, etc. through bulletin, so the affected people could propose complaints about any environmental and social problem at any time. The daily complaints shall be collected and summarized by the complaint acceptance office, and Yongxing County has set full-time personnel to shoulder responsibilities of recording and receiving the complaints and appeals from people. Besides, China’s complaint system is relatively complete, the complaint channel is very smooth and open, and government agencies such as environmental protection bureau, civil affairs bureau, finance bureau, etc. all have special complaint office and complaint bureau. People could also directly file complaints to such complaint office and bureau. 9.3.4.2 Feedback mechanism Mitigation measures in environmental management plan will be adjusted in a well-targeted way according to environmental monitoring report and regulatory inspection so as to further improve environmental management activities. 182 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan If major deviations from contents in environmental management plan are found out during inspection, or project change results in huge adverse environmental impact, or the number of people under adverse environmental impact significantly increases, PMO will immediately consult with environmental organization and environmental assessment team established by World Bank to conduct extra environmental assessment. Extra public consulting shall be carried out when necessary. The modified environmental management plan shall also be notified to implementation organization and contractor who shall implement the modified contents. Project stages Tasks of environmental and social management plan Feasibility study Identification of project type Prepare environmental and social management plan of this type Preliminary design and ensure implementation of environmental protection measures put forward in environmental and social management plan in project supervision plan. Implement environmental and social management plan and carry Project out site supervision and management of construction activities of construction construction unit on construction site. Raise requirements concerning environmental and Project environmental social management plan and request the submission of protection acceptance results to relevant parties. Project operation Implementation of environmental and social management plan during operation period Figure 9-2 Environmental and social Management Tasks in Each Project Stage 183 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 9.3.4.2 Complaint and grievance procedure The specific procedure to handle complaints is as follows: 1） Grievance Uptake and Receipt If any affected person consists that his/her right is violated in any way, he/she may file complaint to the complaint acceptance office in written form or oral form; if it’s oral complaint, the complaint acceptance office member shall make detailed record. 2） Grievance Sorting, Processing, Investigation and Action Complaint acceptance office shall sort out and screen the complaint contents, investigate the cause, influence and responsible personnel of complaint event. Based on aforesaid investigation results, the complaint acceptance institution shall determine further actions and the schedule to implement such actions, determine the measures to relieve and solve the influence of such event, propose measures to prevent such type of events from happening again, and recognize the channel of complaint contents to make further connection. Complaints in the aspect of environment issues: the complaint acceptance institution shall propose handling opinion within two weeks; if the complaining person is unsatisfied with the opinion by the complaint acceptance office, he/she may file complaints to the county or municipal environmental protection bureau in written form within 1 month, and the related county or municipal environmental protection bureau shall give handling opinion within the regulated period. If the complaining person is still unsatisfied with the handling opinion by the county or municipal environmental protection bureau, he/she may file complaint to the superior environmental protection authority after receiving such handling opinion. Complaints regarding social issues: stage 1: the affected person may propose his/her unsatisfaction to the local village administrative committee/community residents committee or town-level government/street administration in form of oral complaint or written complaint. The local village administrative committee/community residents committee or town-level government/street administration must preserve one written 184 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan record for oral complaint and give a clear reply within 2 weeks. Stage 2: if the complaining person is still unsatisfied with handling decision at stage 1, he/she may file oral or written complaint to the local township or town after receiving such decision; if it is oral complaint, the involved township or town shall give handling and make written record. The township or town shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 3: if the migrant is still unsatisfied with the decision by the town or township, he/she may propose complaint to the complaint acceptance office of county PMO. The county/district PMO shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 4: if the person is still unsatisfied with the decision by county/district PMO, after receiving such decision by PMO, he/she may file complaint to the provincial PMO. The provincial PMO shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 5: if the complaining person is still unsatisfied with the handling result by the provincial PMO, after receiving such decision by the provincial PMO, the complaining person may file lawsuit to civil court according to Civil Procedure Law. If the affected person is still unsatisfied with the decision at stage 2, he/she may, after receiving the decision, file complaint to the administrative departments with jurisdiction level by level in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China for arbitration. If the affected person is still unsatisfied with the award of arbitration, he/she may, after receiving such award of arbitration, file lawsuit to the civil court in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law. 3） Monitoring and Tracking Grievance Regularly review feedback received, cases resolved and GR trends in project management meetings. 4） Communication for Effective GRMs 9.3.4.3 Contents and methods of replying to complaints (1) Contents of reply ① Overview of unsatisfaction of complaining person. ② Results of fact investigation. ③ Related national regulations, principles and standards of environmental protection. 185 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan ④ Handling opinion and specific basis (2) Method to reply complaints ① For the complaint over individual phenomenon, reply shall adopt the method of direct delivery of written materials to complaining person. ②For frequently reflected complaint issues, notify his/her local village administrative committee in form of holding residents meeting or delivering documents. No matter which replying method is adopted, replying materials must be delivered to Yongxing County PMO. 9.3.4.4 Recording, follow-up and feedback of complaints During the period of project implementation and operation, Yongxing county PMO shall take care of the recording and management of complaint material and handling result materials, and submit them to provincial PMO in written form once every one month. The provincial PMO shall regularly inspect the complaint handling records. In order to completely record the complaints and handling of related issues, Yongxing county PMO has formed complaints and handling situation registration table. For the format of such table, please refer to Table 9-3. Table 9-3 Complaint and Grievance Registration Table Accepting unit: Time: Place: Name of Content of complaining Required solution Planned solution Actual handling complaint person Complaining Recording person person (signature) (signature) Note: 1. The recording person shall truthfully record the contents and requirements of complaints. 2. The complaining process shall not be subject to any disturbance and obstruction. 3. The planned solution shall be replied to the complaining person within regulated period. 9.3.4.5 Contact means to express complaint and grievance Yongxing PMO shall arrange full-time personnel to be specifically responsible for collecting and accepting unsatisfaction and complaints of complaining person. Its principal 186 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan name, address and contact means are as follows in Table 9-4. Table 9-4 Information of Institution and Personnel Accepting Complaints Complaints accepting institution Contact Address Tel No. 106, Ganjin Road, Project Office in Yongxing Huang Bianjiang Town, Yongxing 13975526813 County Xunjun County 9.4 Environmental management training 9.4 Environmental and social management training 9.4.1 Training purpose The purpose of environmental and social management training is to ensure smooth and effective launch of environmental and social management work of Yongxing County, enable relevant personnel to be familiar with contents and procedures of environmental and social management, improve environmental and social management capacity of environmental and social management personnel and ensure effective implementation of each environmental protection measureprevention measures for social risks. The main object of environmental capacity building is environmental and social managers. Training of environmental managers is a constituent part of technical support of the project. During the implementation of project, the training courses also train construction party and workers. Before commencement of project construction, all construction units and operation units are required to participate in mandatory environment, health and safety training. 9.4.2 Training objects Training objects include all members of environmental and social management offices in each level (provincial, municipal and county-level), project owner, representatives of environmental monitoring organization, main construction party, project point implementation organization, representatives of planting households, etc.. 187 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 9.4.3 Training contents 1. Mastery and application of environmental policies of World Bank and domestic environmental protection laws and regulations as well as environmental standards; 2. Environmental and social management model of loan project of World Bank and environmental terms in loan agreement; 3. Project environmental and social management plan; 4. Project environmental and social management provisions; 5. Responsibilities and mutual relations of environmental and social management personnel, environmental monitoring personnel and contractor; 6. Environmental and social management work report and environmental monitoring report. 9.4.4Environmental and social management training plan and fund The capital used for training of environmental and social management plan and cost of “Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan” is tentatively listed in project budget, while training capital during operation period of this project is listed in Table 9-5. Table 9-5Table of capacity building and training plan Unit Amount No. Construction content Unit Qty price (10,000 Remark (Yuan) Yuan) Ability It shall be collectively enhancement of implemented by provincial PMO. 1 168.07 government It is mainly about domestic and officials international training in the aspects Observation in 16500 of risk-based land management, 1.1 Person/month 2.40 39.60 foreign countries 0 agricultural environment Training in foreign 16500 monitoring, pollution prevention, 1.2 Person/month 2.40 39.60 policy execution and compliance; countries 0 Domestic training objects include the 1.3 Person/month 16.02 33000 52.87 government officials recommended observation by provincial and county-level 1.4 Domestic training Person/month 24.00 15000 36.00 agricultural, environmental Training of protection, and land resource agricultural departments, development and 2 environment Person/month 15.0 15000 22.50 reform commission, finance monitoring department and other institutions. personnel 188 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 3 Training of farmers Person/month 420.00 3000 126.00 Training of farmers in project areas Research and Project result promotion, 4 promotion of / 78.73 information disclosure, promotion results and material distribution Project 1 management 163.20 capacity training 1.1 Domestic survey Person/month 6 18,000 10.80 Such work is uniformly implemented by provincial PMO. 1.2 Domestic training Person/month 52 12,000 62.40 The training refers to domestic and foreign training mainly about risk-based land management, monitoring of agricultural environment, prevention of pollution, policy execution and compliance. The training objects are provincial and county-level 1.3 Technical assistance Person/month 30 30,000 90.00 agriculture, environmental protection and land and resources departments, development and reform commissions, financial departments and government officials recommended by other organizations. Project knowledge 2 publicity and 453.65 training Project information disclosure and Information 2.1 30.05 publicity and granting of relevant spreading data 2.2 Farmer training Person/month 6,000 706 423.60 Farmer training in project areas Formulation of soil environmental 3 Item 6 50,000 30.00 protection action plan 9.5 Summary of mitigation measures of environmental and social influence For the details about the summary of mitigation measures of common environmental and social influences of this project, please refer to Table 9-6; for more details about the summarization of mitigation measures of environmental and social influences of the project, please refer to Table 9-7. 189 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 9-6 List of Mitigation Measures of Common Environmental and Social Influences Implementation Supervision Influencing factor Potential influence Mitigation measures organization organization  Select advanced and reliable low-noise equipment during equipment type selection;  Reasonably arrange construction time and prohibit construction during lunch break and at night;  Foundation damping treatment shall be conducted for machinery equipment generating Environmental Noise during construction period mainly includes noise from relatively big noise, or vibration damping support shall be set up to bind up damping materials; Protection construction site and traffic noise during transport of materials.  Noise generated during vehicle transport may have a certain impact on acoustic environment Department of Acoustic The noise from construction site mainly includes noise sensitive points along the line. Transport time shall be reasonably arranged and the quantity of County PMO Hunan Province and environment generated by construction machinery equipment and noise cars and driving density in the construction area shall be compressed as much as possible. Environmental generated due to material loading, unloading and collision. Measures such as speed restriction and horning prohibition shall be imposed on construction Protection Bureau of machinery such as vehicles; Yongxing County  All machinery equipment shall be effectively maintained and repaired on a regular basis to ensure that the equipment is in good condition and the purposes of noise reduction and extension of equipment use life are realized.  Most earthwork and stonework excavated from channels are used to backfill for the purpose of land leveling and ridge building; field farm tracks are constructed around existing ridges and all earthworks are reused in the field; During construction of irrigation facilities and field farm  Activities such as roadbed excavation and filling shall be avoided during windy and rainy days; tracks and implementation of small civil engineering works,  Stacking and storage of powdery construction materials used in the project such as cement, lime Environmental raising dust will be generated due to pavement excavation, and stone shall be strictly managed and the surfaces shall be covered. Watering measure shall Protection transport, loading and unloading of spoils, and site trimming be adopted when necessary; Department of Atmospheric and construction. Construction waste gases mainly refer to  Project construction shall be implemented in different sections and different areas to reduce County PMO Hunan Province and environment waste gases generated by fuel oil consuming construction scope of raising dust; measures such as watering shall be adopted to reduce pollution of raising Environmental machinery and tail gas generated by transport vehicles. The dust; Protection Bureau of emission volume of these pollutants is limited and usually only  Construction machinery and vehicles with good operating condition shall be selected and used; Yongxing County has a certain impact on construction personnel. The influence  Overhaul and maintenance of construction vehicles shall be strengthened. It is strictly of such pollutants in regional environment is very small. prohibited to use vehicles beyond the period of intended use and with tail gas exceeding the standard. Construction vehicles with low oil consumption and small exhaust shall be used as much as possible and high-quality fuel oil shall be selected and used as much as possible to reduce emission of hazardous gases from machinery and vehicles.  Channel construction shall be better conducted in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage may be built when necessary;  sedimentation tank shall be set up on construction site. The construction wastewater shall be Construction production wastewater and domestic sewage are collected and deposited through sedimentation tank and then reused for construction as much as Environmental mainly included. Construction wastewater mainly includes possible; Protection concrete maintenance wastewater and aggregate flushing  Temporary latrine pits are set up within construction site. Excrements are cleared on a regular Department of Water water. Although the volume of this part of wastewater basis and then used as farm manure according to actual living conditions in rural regions; County PMO Hunan Province and environment generated is small, it contains a certain amount of oil  Construction management shall be strengthened and deflation, water emission, liquid dripping Environmental contamination and sediments which may cause certain and liquid leakage of construction machinery shall be strictly controlled; drainage system and Protection Bureau of pollution to soil, surface water and underground water if not water conservancy measures shall be properly implemented in temporary soil stacking area to Yongxing County properly treated and instead discharged at will. prevent stacking of spoils from resulting in water and soil loss to influence water environment;  Each construction unit shall implement each treatment measure for handling of construction production wastewater and domestic sewage to ensure that the wastewater is properly treated and disposed; 190 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan  Environmental protection education of construction personnel shall be strengthened and environment awareness of construction personnel shall be improved. The construction personnel shall not throw or dump wastes and sewage at will. The main sources of solid wastes generated during construction period include foundation excavation, spoil (slag)  The household garbage shall be collected using garbage cans and bags set up on construction after backfill, sludge generated during dredging of hilly ponds, site and then uniformly cleared and transported to household garbage landfill in the towns and household garbage generated by the construction where the project is located for treatment and disposal; personnel. If the building garbage generated during  The heavy metal content of sludge from the hilly ponds shall be monitored and relevant Environmental construction period is not timely disposed, it will not only disposal measures shall be selected; Protection influence landscape but also generate raising dust under windy  Spoil (slag) can be used for land leveling and backfill as well as paving of road foundation Department of Solid wastes and dry weather conditions; the sludge generated during without having to go far. No water slag yard is separately set up in order to reduce land County PMO Hunan Province and dredging of some hilly ponds may have standard-exceeding occupation. When sediment does not exceed the secondary standard, it can be Environmental heavy metal content. If it is not properly disposed, pollution used for land leveling and backfilling; when it exceeds the secondary standard Protection Bureau of will be caused to surrounding surface water and soil; if Yongxing County household garbage is not timely treated, mosquitoes will be and does not exceed the third-level soil standard, it can be applied to the forest bred, stink will be generated and diseases will be spread under land; when it exceeds the third-level standard, it is embedded in the nearby moderate temperature, which will have an adverse influence garbage landfill and the garbage landfill is executed for due diligence. on surrounding environment. Once cultural relics and historic sites are discovered during construction process, relevant personnel shall immediately inform local cultural relics preservation department and timely and properly protect Cultural relics County PMO Provincial PMO the site. Construction can be resumed only after the cultural relics department properly handles the cultural relics and historic sites discovered.  Construction time shall be reasonably arranged and it is prohibited to construct during lunch  Construction noise would influence local villagers’ rest; break and at night;  Transport of construction materials and spoil will have Social  Civilized construction shall be implemented and local customs shall be respected; a certain impact on local transportation; County PMO Provincial PMO environment  If it is required to occupy a part of cultivated land, consent of farmers shall be solicited first and  The construction of field farm tracks may occupy a farmers with cultivated land occupied shall be compensated. Land occupation shall be settled little quantity of cultivated land. inside the village. 191 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 9-7 Summarization Table of Influences on Certain Points and Mitigation Measures Specific environmental sensitive Potential environmental influence Mitigation measures points  The construction within a scope of 200m around schools shall be arranged beyond school time as much as possible. Schools:  Construction camps shall be set up beyond scope of 200m around schools; construction machinery Chaoyang Experimental Primary equipment (especially high-noise equipment) shall be set up beyond scope of 200m around the school; School Huangni Branch; Noise influence from construction  Construction transport shall be conducted beyond school access roads. However, if it indeed cannot Huangni Middle School; machinery be realized, construction materials and muck shall be transported beyond school time; Shihu Primary School of Huangni Noise influence from construction  When passing around schools, transport vehicles shall slow down and avoid blowing the horn as Town; machinery much as possible; Jinli Primary School; Influence of lime application on  Lime application shall be arranged for farmland within scope of 200m around schools beyond Wuni Primary School; environmental air school time as much as possible; Bitang Xinxin Kindergarten; Central  Lime shall be better applied under weather condition with wind speed less than 5m/s; Primary School of Xiangyindu Town  Schools shall be notified ahead of time before lime application. The schools shall publicize knowledge on protection from lime and preventing the flowing lime from injuring students and teachers.  The water stored in Zhengjiachong Reservoir shall not be used for farmland irrigation in the downstream project area to prevent bringing new cadmium pollution to downstream farmland; The cadmium content in the upper  The drainage channel below the dam of Zhengjiachong Reservoir shall be rechanneled. The reaches of Songbai Project Area drainage of this reservoir shall not flow through this project area; exceeds the standard and thus the  Relevant department of Yongxing County is recommended to conduct environmental protection Zhengjiachong Reservoir drainage causes cadmium pollution control over Zhengjiachong Reservoir to make sure that water quality of this reservoir reaches relevant risk to the farmland in Songbai standard; Project Area.  The water quality in Xihe River reaches the standard. Electric pump station facilities are newly built at the west of the river and the diversion channel in the river shall be restructured to satisfy the requirements of farmland irrigation water quality and water volume in the affected project area. Yongxing County Ruijing Smelting Influence of discharge of heavy metal  These enterprises shall strengthen management before closing. The environmental protection 192 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Plant; contamination source on the soil of department of the government shall strictly supervise law enforcement and ensure that each pollution Yongxing County Xintai Silver farmland source prevention facility of the enterprises is normally operated, waste gas is emitted in a standard way, Industry Co., Ltd.; Influence of risky discharge of all wastewater from smelting process is reused for zero emission, and waste slag is temporarily stored in Chenzhou Huiyuan Nanotechnology wastewater on irrigation water quality slag warehouse with anti-seepage treatment and safely disposed; Co., Ltd. The unemployment risk for  Government departments shall strengthen coordinated management and closing according to workers may be caused due to the closing plan of the smelting enterprise and supervising the whole closing and enterprise relocation. relocating process, shut down relevant enterprises before implementation of this project according to smelting enterprise closing plan. Also, they shall carry out full-process supervision and supervise relevant enterprises to remove heavy metal contamination sources;  The dangerous solid wastes left over shall be temporarily stored and transferred according to requirements of Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001);  Before removal of equipment, hazardous wastes with heavy metal danger including solid wastes and smoke left over in the system shall be cleared. The foregoing shall be comprehensively utilized by the enterprises or treated by qualified units under entrustment. It is strictly forbidden to abandon them at will to cause pollution;  Old bricks and steel bar structures in the building garbage can be recycled. Other building garbage shall be handled in a standard way and shall not be stacked or abandoned at will.  Surveying whether soil on the spot is polluted after enterprise relocation or not; if so, polluted soil shall be safely disposed as dangerous waste;  With integral relocation of the enterprise, the enterprise is willing to continue employment, the workers are willing to continue working in the relocated enterprise, the workers and the enterprise shall conclude and sign the labor contract, and rescission of labor relation of workers shall be protected by the current laws and regulations and the protection procedure is very clear. Influence of farmland-leaving Qianjin ecological sweet orange  By adopting the operating mechanism of PPP mode, the farmland operator or the 193 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan rice straws on planting of sweet base in Yongxing County; professional harvest cooperative will be encouraged to change the harvest mode orange Yongsheng professional (semi-feeding harvest is adopted to ensure removal and utilization of all straws) and cooperative base for sweet increase the bundling methods of chopped straws (the bundler machine can be purchased orange in Yongxing County; for harvest) to make crops straws leave the farmland in the project region; Longwangling Shenlong l sweet  The soil in the sweet orange base is monitored, a sampling point is taken by each 100 orange base; mu and the soil is clearly defined to reach the standard;  The sweet orange fruit is monitored, the sampling point icorresponds to the soil sampling point in the orchard and is taken by each 100 mu, with one harvest season (one sweet orange harvest season in a year), and the sweet orange fruit is clearly defined to reach the standard.  Rice with excessive heavy metal content shall be prohibited from entering the grain market and grain purchase points shall be established exclusively for purchase and storage of such rice; Disposal of rice with  In case of rice with a Cd content of between 0.2 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, excessive heavy metal Risk and social impacts of three grain purchase points, namely, Gaoting, Qingjieshan and Liyutang shall content improper disposal of be selected so as to enable the said rice to be purchased and stored exclusively Disposal activity for rice excessive Cd content rice for industry grain and feed; exceeding the standard  In case of rice with a Cd content of over 0.5 mg/kg, a Purchase and Sales Contract shall be signed with Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd so as to enable such rice to be used as a liquor-making material and Cd in rice is mainly enriched in the by-product of lees; 194 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan  The by-product of lees generated in liquor-making from excessive Cd content rice shall be monitored with the monitoring factors of as least Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Such lees as are in conformity with Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001) could be used as feed; otherwise the said lees shall be properly disposed by way of sanitary landfills and other measures.  Form subsidy scheme to ensure the income of farming households not to be reduced. 195 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 9.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan 9.6.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring The purpose of establishment of environmental monitoring plan is to supervise the implementation of each measure so as to adjust environmental protection action plan according to monitoring results and provide basis for implementation time and implementation scheme of environmental protection measures. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to comprehensively and timely master the pollution trends of proposed project, get to know the degree of change of local environmental quality due to project construction, scope of influence and environmental quality trends during project operation, and timely feedback information to the competent department so as to provide scientific basis for environmental management of the project. The environmental monitoring plan of the proposed project can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Yongxing County. The entrusted party shall have monitoring qualification and shall take charge of acquiring and analyzing monitoring data, issuing environmental analysis report, and submitting the report to the entrusting unit which shall submit duplicate to the World Bank. The responsibilities of monitoring plan organization of the project are shown in Table 9-8 below. Table 9-8 List of Responsibilities of monitoring plan organization Implemented item Responsible unit Local environmental monitoring station or company with monitoring Acquisition of monitoring data qualification is entrusted. Data analysis The monitoring unit is responsible for acquiring and analyzing data. Preparation of environmental report The monitoring unit issues an analysis report according to monitoring data. The abovementioned monitoring plan can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Yongxing County. The entrusted environmental monitoring station shall sort and analyze monitoring data implemented, issue an environmental analysis report, and submit the report to the entrusting party which shall submit a duplicate to World Bank every quarter according to monitoring plan. After submission of environmental analysis report, World Bank PMO of Yongxing County will uniformly manage and file the report as collected Management plan material indicating environmental impact in project implementation stage for the purpose of project completion acceptance. 196 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 9.6.2 Monitoring organization The management organization is recommended to entrust local environmental monitoring station or social environmental monitoring organization with monitoring qualification to execute monitoring plan. The development organization shall sign relevant monitoring contract with the monitoring unit before project implementation. 9.6.3 Environmental monitoring plan Sensitive points with relatively obvious pollution will be determined as monitoring points according to predicted results of environmental impact. Based on pollution conditions during project implementation period, relatively significantly affected irrigation surface water body, soil, agricultural products, and organic fertilizers and pesticide applied are selected as monitoring contents. The monitoring factors are determined according to characterization factors of the project. Monitoring analysis method of relevant project of the state is adopted. National standards determined during environmental impact assessment are executed as assessment standards. Project monitoring contents are determined according to characteristics of project and environment. See Table 9-9 for details. 1. Monitoring of irrigation surface water body (1).Point arranging principle Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up in river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area, main irrigation water inlets of main canals/branch canals and small reservoir in each key reservoir level by level. Irrigation water drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. (2).Monitoring time and frequency Monitoring year: the first and third year upon implementation of project. Monitoring frequency: 4 times within a year (March, May, July and September in case of double cropping rice). (3).Surface water monitoring factors 197 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan pH, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr6+, CODCr, NH3-N and TP (once only). 2. Monitoring of sediment from water sources for irrigation (1). Monitoring site Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all monitoring points from water sources for field irrigation matching sampling points for monitoring of irrigation surface water. One sample is collected from each monitoring site of sediment. (2). Monitoring time Once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). (3). Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. (3) Monitoring of sediment in sedimentation tank (1).Monitoring point position One sample is acquired for each sedimentation tank using quartering method. (2).Monitoring time Once every year (3).Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. 4. Arrangement of soil monitoring points (1)Point arranging principle Typical patches on flat ground with naturally good soil conditions and relatively stable combination of elements and covering an area of 2 mu or so shall be selected from the grids as sampling patches for monitoring points with the grid method and in line with the data demand of one point per 30-50 mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas. Sampling patches shall neither be located near residences, ditches, dunghills, scrap heaps and grave mounds nor be located at sloping fields, marsh lands and other spots featuring supporting landscape. Moreover, sampling patches shall be situated far away from highways or railways beyond 50m, though no polluted sites shall be avoided or approached intentionally. 198 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan (2). Monitoring project and frequency A. Monitoring of soil in the entire project area ① pH and available Cd: Once every year ② Total Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr: Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). ③Organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC): Once only throughout implementation of project B. Monitoring of soil in the selected demonstration fields In the course of implementation, two fields are selected from the project county (1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice located at high risk areas as much as possible) as the demonstration areas where soil sampling and monitoring are conducted in strict corrspondance with farm produce. ① Mornitoring factors: pH, total Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cr and available Cd. ② Monitoring frequency: Twice per crop per year, namely, on an annually basis in case of Yongxing District featuring double cropping rice. 5. Heavy metal detection of agricultural products (1).Sampling principle The sampling point of agricultural products shall be as correspondent to soil heavy metal monitoring sampling points as possible. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from every agricultural product. (2).Detection time During sampling in crop harvest period, twice per year in case of double cropping rice. (3).Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr 6. Monitoring of manure and other agricultural inputs (1). Compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected. 199 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan ② Monitoring time Once in the first year. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr. (2). Organic fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected for each batch of organic fertilizer. ② Monitoring time Each batch is monitored prior to application of organic fertilizer. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr, readily oxidized organic carbon and total carbon. (3)Other agricultural inputs, such as lime, passivator, etc. ① Sampling principle Collect three samples in every batch of passivator. ② Inspection time Before using other agricultural inputting materials, inspect every batch. ③ Inspecting factor Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr. 7. Monitoring of plant diseases and insect pests (1).Use of pesticide Record types of pesticide used in project area as well as pesticide application frequency and dosage. The monitoring frequency is once every year; (2).Conditions of farmland ecosystem Monitor morbidity of plant diseases and insect pests, quantity of injurious insects and quantity of natural enemies; The monitoring frequency is 4 times per year (seedling period, adult-plant period, fruiting period, and harvesting and picking period); (3).Pesticide residues of crops Detect pesticide residues of agricultural products. More than five composite samples 200 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan shall be acquired from each agricultural product with monitoring frequency of 2 times per year. 8. Balance monitoring 2 typical project areas are selected in the project country and 3 typical fields are selected for each project area. Fields selected for balance monitoring shall not be subject to any restoration measures in the course of implementation of project. Soil: 1 basic sample is collected for each typical field and is monitored on an annually basis with the monitoring factors of Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Vegetation: 3～5 samples each with 5～7 roots are collected from the upper part of rice fields at maturity stage. Irrigation water: 1 composite sample is collected at every time of field irrigation of incoming water and 8 samples are collected each year. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition: to be monitored for 2 consecutive years and samples are collected once every 3 months within a year with the simple method of sedimentation vat collection. Fertilizer: heavy metal contents in fertilizers applied to fields is counted based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring. 10. Monitoring of byproduct distillers’ grains from wine made of rice with out-of-limit cadmium Monitor Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr; collect three samples in every batch of distillers’ grains, and inspect each batch. 201 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Table 9-9 Project Environmental Monitoring Plan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Farmland irrigation water source detection points are located at river sections around main irrigation water inlet Monitoring year: the first of cultivated land in and third year upon project area, main implementation of the Procedural regulations pH, Cd, Pb, 6+ irrigation water inlets project. regarding the environment Qualified Provincial Irrigation surface As, Hg, Cr , of main canals/branch Monitoring frequency: 4 quality monitoring of water for 472 124608 organization and county water CODCr, canals and small times within a year agricultural use entrusted PMOs NH3-N and TP reservoir in each key (March, May, July and (NY/T396-2000) (once only) reservoir level by September in case of level. Irrigation water double cropping rice). drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all Twice, namely, once in pH, total Cd, monitoring points the first year and once at Sediment from Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Pb, As, Hg, Cr from water sources the end of the irrigation water Environmental Monitoring 432 9504 organization and county and water for field irrigation implementation of project sources (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs soluble Cd. matching sampling (for implementation points for monitoring effect review). of irrigation surface water. One sample is 202 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) collected from each monitoring site of sediment. One sample is acquired Qualified Provincial pH, Cd, Pb, As, Technical specification for soil Sediment in for each sedimentation sedimentation tank Hg, Cr and tank using quartering Once every year environmental monitoring 432 10368 organization and county available Cd (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs method. pH and On an annually basis 100 120000 available Cd Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at Total Cd, Pb, One point per 30-50 the end of the 300 120000 As, Hg and Cr mu in mountain areas implementation of project Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil and one per 50-100 (for implementation Environmental Monitoring organization and county mu in vast of flat effect review). (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Organic matter areas and cation exchange Once only in the first year 100 20000 capacity (CEC) Two fields are selected: 1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single pH, total Cd, cropping rice located During sampling in crop Soil in Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial As, Pb, Hg, Cr at high risk areas as harvest period, twice per demonstration Environmental Monitoring 418.5 150660 organization and county and available much as possible). year in case of double fields (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Cd One point per 30-50 cropping rice. mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas 203 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) National food safety standard: Determination of cadmium in foods Product sampling (GB 5009.15-2014); National food points shall match safety standard: Determination of sampling points for Samples are collected lead in foods (GB 5009.12-2010); monitoring of soil during harvest period and National food safety standard: Determination of total mercury and Qualified Provincial Cd, Pb, As, Hg heavy metals as much are monitored per crop Agricultural products and Cr organic-mercury in foods (GB 352 844800 organization and county as possible and more per year on an annually 5009.17-2014); National food safety entrusted PMOs than 5 composite basis in case of double standard: Determination of samples shall be cropping rice. chromium in foods (GB collected for each 5009.123-2014); National food sample safety standard: Determination of total arsenic and abio-arsenic in foods (GB 5009.11-2014) Monitoring of Qualified Provincial compound Cd, Pb, As, 3 samples are Once only in the first year / 500 1500 organization and county fertilizer and Hg and Cr collected entrusted PMOs phosphate fertilizer Cadmium content in organic fertilizer shall be limited below 1 mg/kg and the proportion of readily oxidizable organic 3 samples are carbon content in total carbon Qualified Provincial Monitoring of Cd, Pb, As, collected for each Twice per year content shall not exceed 15%. 500 18000 organization and county organic fertilizer Hg and Cr batch of fertilizer For other restrains, refer to the entrusted PMOs standard of organic fertilizer from the Ministry of Agriculture - Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012) Other agricultural Collect three samples Qualified Provincial Cd, Pb, As, Monitor 1 time in every inputs, such as in every batch of / 500 18,000 organization and county Hg and Cr batch purchased lime, passivator, passivator entrusted PMOs 204 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) etc. Types, frequency and dosage of Monitoring of crops Type, frequency and pesticide; dosage of pesticide used, and pesticide residues morbidity of morbidity of plant plant diseases in agricultural diseases and insect pests, and insect pests, products shall be quantity of injurious National Standards for Food Monitoring of quantity of made a key to each Qualified Provincial insects and natural Safety - Maximum Residue plant diseases and injurious insects project area with / 30000 organization and county and quantity of more than five enemies are monitored on Limits for Pesticides in Food insect pests entrusted PMOs natural enemies; composite samples an annually basis. (GB2763-2014); output of Pesticide residues in agricultural being collected for agricultural products are products and each farm product monitored once per crop pesticide sample. per year. residues 2 typical project areas 1 basic sample is are selected and 3 Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil: Cd, As, collected for each typical typical fields are Environmental Monitoring 300 10800 organization and county Pb, Hg and Cr field and is monitored on selected for each (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs an annually basis project area. Each sample with 5-7 Vegetation: roots is collected 3-5 samples, twice per Qualified Provincial Cd, As, Pb, Hg from the upper part of year in case of double / 352 21120 organization and county Balance and Cr rice fields at maturity cropping rice. entrusted PMOs monitoring stage Irrigation 1 composite sample Technical Specification for water: Ph, Cd, is collected at every Qualified Provincial 8 samples are collected Environmental Quality Pb, As, Hg, time of field 472 22656 organization and county 6+ each year Monitoring of Argricultural Cr , CODCr, irrigation of incoming entrusted PMOs Water Source (NY/T396-2000) NH3-N and TP water Atmospheric Two points in total, To be monitored for 2 Technical Specification for Qualified Provincial 600 9600 dry and wet one for each typical consecutive years and Automatic Monitoring of organization and county 205 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) deposition project area samples are collected Environmental Air Quality entrusted PMOs once every 3 months (HJ/T 193-2005) within a year Specification for Monitoring of Environmental Air Quality (No.4 Notice of the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2007) Qualified Provincial Fertilizer Based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring / / organization and county entrusted PMOs Monitoring Monitoring of of byproduct byproduct distillers’ grains Adopt three samples Qualified distillers’ Cd, As, Pb, Hg Monitor 1 time in every Feed Sanitary Standard (GB from wine made of in every batch of 500 18,000 organization grains from and Cr batch 13078-2001) rice with distillers' grains entrusted wine made out-of-limit of rice with cadmium out-of-limit cadmium 1,513,600 Subtotal Yuan 158,000 Sampling expense and others Yuan 1,671,600 Total monitoring expense Yuan 206 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 9.6.4 Monitoring report system The monitoring unit shall submit a formal monitoring report after end of each monitoring task and submit it to relevant departments level by level as per procedure. Quarterly report and annual report shall be provided during operation period. Upon occurrence of sudden accidents, they must be immediately reported. The monitoring report procedure of this project is shown in Figure 9-3 below. Environmental Project management Protection Department organization of Hunan Province Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Environmental monitoring Bureau of Chenzhou City Bureau of Yongxing organization County Figure 9-3 Diagram of monitoring report procedure 9.7 Estimation of environmental and social management expenses Table 9-10 Environmental and Social Management Expenses of this Project Estimation of Environmental No. Contents of measures investment (RMB and social factors 10 thousand) Acoustic Construction equipment foundation shock absorption 1 20 environment or setting vibration attenuation base or other measures Cover the surface of powder materials, dust Atmospheric 2 suppression with water or other measures during 20 environment construction period Water 3 temporary dry toilet within construction site, water 200 environment and soil preservation measures, etc. Dregs transportation, absorb and balance at construction site; collect living garbage and 4 Solid waste collectively transport to the living garbage dump; 100 transportation of dredge sediment and other handling measures, etc. Monitoring of irrigation surface water, irrigation Monitoring sediment, setting pond sediment, soil, agricultural expense during products, fertilizer and agricultural inputting 5 project materials, plant diseases and insect pests, heavy metal 178.58 implementation balance, orchard receiving removed straws, byproduct period distillers’ grains from wine made of rice with out-of-limit cadmium, etc. Compensation 6 Structure reform of subsidy 84.8 for loss of 207 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan farmers’ income Compensate for agricultural product price lower than Control of 7 government purchasing price caused from rice failing 240.0 out-of-limit rice to reach standard Total 843.38 208 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan 9.8 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan 9.8.1 Information communication The environmental management requests necessary information communication among different departments and posts of PMO, project construction unit and project implementation organization within the organization. Meanwhile, relevant information shall be notified to outside (related parties, social public, etc.). Internal information communication can be carried out by various means such as meeting and internal briefing. However, a formal meeting shall be convened once every month. All communicated information shall be recorded and archived. External information communication shall be conducted once every half a year or every year. Information communication with collaborative units shall form minutes and shall be archived. 9.8.2 Recording mechanism In order to realize effective operation of environmental management system, the organization must establish a complete recording system and preserves the records involving the following aspects: (1) Statutory and regulatory requirements; (2) Permission; (3) Environmental factors and related environmental impacts; (4) Training; (5) Inspection, checking and maintenance activities; (6) Monitoring data; (7) Effectiveness of corrective and preventive measures; (8) Information of related parties; (9) Audit; (10) Review Besides, it is also required to conduct necessary control over various records 209 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan mentioned above, including identification, collection, cataloguing, filing, storage, management, maintenance, query, preservation term and disposal of records. 9.8.3 Reporting mechanism During project implementation, project construction unit, project implementation organization, monitoring unit and PMO shall record project progress, ESIA execution conditions and environmental monitoring results and timely report to relevant departments. Contents of the following six parts are mainly included: (1) The project implementation organization and project construction unit shall record project progress and ESIA execution conditions in detail on a quarterly basis, timely submit the quarterly report to each PMO, and meanwhile copy the quarterly report to Environmental Protection Bureau of Yongxing County. (2) After completing entrusted monitoring tasks, the monitoring unit shall timely submit the monitoring report to PMO and meanwhile copy it to Environmental Protection Bureau of Yongxing County. (3) PMO of Yongxing County shall timely submit project progress report to provincial PMO and meanwhile copy to Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Province. The project progress report (e.g. monthly report, quarterly report and annual report) must include contents of ESIA progress, e.g. execution progress and effect of ESIA and especially environmental monitoring results. (4) The annual ESIA execution report of the project must be completed and submitted to the World Bank before March 31 next year. ESIA execution report may include the following main contents: a. Implementation conditions of training plan; b. Condition of project progress; c. Execution conditions of environmental protection measures of the project, launching conditions of environmental monitoring and main monitoring results; d. Check if there are public complaints. If a complaint occurs, the main contents of the complaint, solution and degree of satisfaction of the public shall be recorded; 210 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan e. ESIA execution plan in next year 9.8.4 Document management During implementation of project, the World Bank, leading committee of the project and provincial PMO as well as county project leading team, county PMO, environmental impact assessment unit, social impact assessment unit and construction unit shall manage relevant documents. The details are shown in Table 9-11 below. Table 9-11 Document management requirements of each organization Name of organization Document management ①Construction unit 1. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction every week and submit to county PMO; 2. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction and submit to county PMO upon emergency and sudden condition; 3. Complete rectification within 3 working days (within 10 working days if coordination of management organization is needed) and file documents after receiving notice of rectification. ② Unit with construction project 1. Prepare contents of ESIA and file first draft, draft for environmental impact assessment review and approved draft. qualification certificate ③ Unit with qualification certificate of evaluating the social influences of construction projects ④ County (district) PMO 1. Properly record, sort and file complained contents during project construction and operation; 2. Record conditions reported by construction unit every quarter and submit relevant report (statement) to provincial PMO; 3. Sign for site checklist of construction unit and verify and file environmental sensitive problems; 4. Manage and file notice of rectification reported. ⑤ Project leading committee and 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation and filing of provincial PMO ESIA; 2. Record conditions reported by leading team and PMO in each project point every half a year and submit relevant report to the World Bank for filing; 3. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems and record and file specific measure conditions. ⑥World Bank 1. Record and file conditions reported by provincial project leading team and PMO every half a year. 211 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Chapter 10 Conclusion 10.1Project brief The project is an Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Yongxing, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production. There four project regions in Yongxing County, respectively including Changlu project region, Songbai project region, Shihu project region and Muzitang project region. (1) Changlu Project Area Changlu Project area is located in Bianjiang Town in the southwest of the county. With rich resources and convenient transportation, the territory is mainly covered by hillocks and valley plains. The project area involves Jinli Village, Tangmen Village, Wuni village and Tielu Village. The project has an area of 245.34 hectares. The cadmium single pollution is the main pollution in the arable land with the pollution degree of 1 5. In addition, there is a small amount of cadmium-arsenic combined pollution. The original sources of irrigation water in the project area are from Zhengjiachong Reservoir and Xihe River. After intensified monitoring, it is found that the mercury content of Zhengjiachong Reservoir is 0.192mg/L which exceeds Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) and the water quality of Xihe River reaches the standard. Therefore, all the sources of irrigation water should be changed to the water of Xihe River. There is no farmland facility as the infrastructure in the project area and the non-matching rate is 35%. Most of the water canals are earth canals and the canals established in the 1970s (the period of collectivization). Since they have low standards and are seriously aging, solving the irrigation and drainage problems should be the top priority. (3) Shihu Project area Shihu Project area is located in Huangni Town in the northeast of Yongxing County. It is the north gate of Yongxing County. The project area has significant regional advantages and advantages in natural resources. It is also the important development and production base of Yongxing County for rice, sweet oranges and flue-cured tobacco etc. The project has an area of 243.06 hectares. The cadmium single pollution is the main pollution in the arable land with the pollution degree of 1 5. In addition, there is a small amount of cadmium-arsenic combined pollution. Since the project area is close to Huangni Industrial Park, the three wastes (waste gas; waste water; industrial residue) from the enterprises involving heavy metal contamination in the park are the main sources of pollution. There are many smelting enterprises in the park. Long-time industrial activities of heavy metal smelting result in cadmium-arsenic combined pollution to the arable land in the area and high environmental risks. By and large, the enterprises involving heavy metal contamination in Huangni Industrial Park have been closed. These enterprises will be moved to Tainhe Industrial Park and Bailin Industrial Park. The waste residues have been treated and the pollution source is controllable. The project area is mainly planted with double cropping rice and sweet oranges. Due to the heavy metal contamination, some of the arable lands are fallow. The sources of irrigation water are from Shihu River, Laowu Reservoir and Qingshanlong Reservoir. Through monitoring, the water quality of all reaches Standards for Irrigation Water 3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Quality (GB5084-2005). There is no farmland facility as the infrastructure in the project area and the non-matching rate is 26%. The irrigation, drainage and field road problems should be solved. 10.2 Current situation of environment (1) Investigation and evaluation results of the current situation of surface water environment The irrigation water source of project area is Zhengshui River, the monitoring results indicates that the standard exceeding rate of Cd content in Zhengjiachong reservoir is 100%, with the maximum times of ultra standard 18.2 and the main reason of heavy metal pollutants discharged by smelting plants. Therefore, Zhengjiachong Reservoir is not used as irrigation water source of Songbai project area. Except Cd content of Zhengjiachong Reservoir, other monitoring factors of irrigation water sources (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). (2) Investigation and evaluation results of the current situation of soil quality According to the monitoring results, the farmland Cd and Hg contents in Shihu project area exceed the standard values. The farmland Cd content is 0.44~1.2mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.46~3; the farmland Hg content is 0.13~0.34mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.13. The farmland Cd content in Muzitang project area exceeds the standard value, with the Cd content 0.46~3.6mg/kg and the times of ultra standard 0.53-11. The farmland Cd and As contents in Songbai project area exceed the standard values. The farmland Cd content is 0.35~1.5mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.16-4; the farmland As content is 15.6~37.3mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.16~0.24. The farmland Cg content in Changlu project area exceeds the standard value, with the Cd content 0.20~0.76mg/kg and the times of ultra standard 0.1-2.6. (3) Investigation and evaluation of the current situation of sediment of irrigation canals 4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Based on the monitoring result of sediment of irrigation canals, some contents of irrigation canal sediments in Songbai project area, Shihu project area and Muzitang project area exceed the standard values, and some monitoring factors (Pb, As, Cr and Hg, etc) of irrigation canal sediments in Changlu project area do not exceed the standard values. In Songbai project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments, Xihe, Songbai Village are 1.53; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in water intake, Liujiadu, Xihe, Songbai Village are 3.3, of As content 0.093 and of Hg content 0.05. In Shihu project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in Quantian canal sediments are 0.4, in outlet sediments of Laowu Reservoir 0.73, in Zhuangshan canal sediments 2.13, and in Shihu canal sediments 0.66; the times of ultra standard of Hg content in Shihu canal sediments are 0.36. In Muzitang project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in Muzitang canal sediments are 0.36. In Changlu project area, the times of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments, Gaoling Reservoir, Jinli Village are 0.23, and in irrigation canal sediments, Daling Group, Jinli Village 0.13; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments, Tangmen Village are 1.1, of As content 0.043 and of Hg content 0.62; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in canal sediments, Wentangkou, Wuni Village are 0.73; the times of ultra standard of Cd content in outlet sediments of Yangjiachong Reservoir are 0.06; the contents in sediments of Zhenxia Group canal, Wuni Village, of Datouling Reservoir outlet, Tielu Village, of irrigation canal, Tielu Village, and of irrigation canal, Lijia Group, Jinli Village do not exceed the standard values. 10.3 Analysis of influence on project environment and mitigation measures Civil construction activities related to Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County consist of two categories: ①Small civil engineering, including the construction of sedimentation tanks, repair of the small field roads (only involving the road leveling and reinforcement without increasing the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel); ② the field irrigation channel 5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan engineering construction, including the drainage channel and irrigation system renovation. The project civil engineering construction activities may exert some impact on the water environment, ambient atmosphere, acoustic environment and ecological environment during the construction period. Civil construction engineering activities in Yongxing County are actually conducted on a smaller scale. The project is located in the farmland in the immediate vicinity. Project and the surrounding area have no environmentally sensitive districts and the project scale is actually very small. The project construction workers are no more than 5-10 persons without any need of building the construction camp. Moreover, the project is not involved with land expropriation, dismantling and relocation and ethnic minorities. It is likely to produce dust, noise, waste water (sewage) and solid waste, etc., in the construction process, the impact of which is temporary and insignificant as they are only limited within the construction scope and may be immediately gone with the conclusion of the engineering construction. In the agricultural activities of Yongxing County, the factors generating influence on the environment include: flooding irrigation, liming (soil acidification to adjust pH value), use of organic fertilizer and fertilizer, use of soil passivator, use of pesticide, disposal of agricultural material wastes, etc. During the period of rice filling and heading, flooding irrigation could reduce absorption of heavy metals into rice. Use of lime could adjust pH value of soil and reduce the absorption of heavy metals into crops. But excessive use of lime could cause soil hardening. If not adopting protective measures, the use of lime could affect the health of liming personnel. The use of organic fertilizer could improve physicochemical property of soil, but use of unqualified organic fertilizer could bring secondary pollution of heavy metal to farmland soil. Use of soil passivator could reduce the heavy metal activity in soil. Removal of straws from field could remove heavy metal in straws from farmland, so as to reduce heavy metal in farmland soil. Therefore, although the construction scheme of this project would bring certain environmental influence, such influence could be avoided or reduced by adopting related environmental protection measures, and the influence on construction period will be little 6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan and temporary; while implementing this project could enhance grain safety and improve people’s living quality, so it is a project benefiting livelihood and would bring long-term benefit to the society and environment. 10.4 Analysis of social influence of project and mitigation measures All the agricultural activities of Yongxing County are carried out in farmland and will not involve land acquisition, demolition and ethnic minorities. Generally speaking, the Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land project would generate positive influence on the society since it can improve the soil in project areas, enhance the quality of agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition of project areas, improve the ecological environment of project areas, promote the social and economic development of project areas, enhance farmers’ quality, enhance comprehensive agricultural service level, benefit the popularization of advanced agricultural technology, and promote the enhancement of agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention and treatment. While the possible transformation of agricultural production structure, acquisition of partial lands and involved claims of interest would be its main negative social influences; as long as realizing rationality and legality and proper compensation in land acquisition, its negative social influences can be basically eliminated. 10.5 Conclusion Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan in Yongxing County involves Changlu project region, Songbai project region, Shihu project region and Muzitang project region, whose managed farmland area is 866.74 hectares; the project construction contents include the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation; the project would make risk level evaluation on the farmlands of selected project areas, and select proper comprehensive technical management measures for demonstration, strengthen the control of farmland pollution source and farmland pollution risks, and enhance the safe utilization 7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan level of agricultural resources, so as to produce safe food. Implementation of this project could enhance food safety, and improve people’s living quality, so it is a project benefiting livelihood and having significant environmental benefit and social benefit, whose positive influences are the majority. The negative influences are mainly in the aspects of atmosphere environment, water environment, acoustic environment, etc., and mainly occur during the engineering construction process, so the degree of influence would be very little. After adopting the related environmental protection measures, the various negative influences can be effectively controlled. Therefore, it is believed through the general evaluation from the perspective of environmental protection that there are no restrictive factors influencing environment and society in the project of Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan in Yongxing County, Hunan Province, and the project construction is feasible. 8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Appendix 1 Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Small Civil Engineering Works Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 Environmental Protection Procedure of Small Civil Engineering Works 1. Bid invitation and bidding (1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures. (3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures. 2. General provisions (1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure. (2) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (3) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (4) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (5) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. The construction time shall be strictly controlled within 8:00~20:00. Construction shall be stopped during lunch break (12:00~14:00) to ensure normal rest of residents at night. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. (6) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (7) Based on weather conditions, the involved personnel must timely water the construction site to suppress dust. During roadbed filling of construction site and field farm tracks, watering shall be timely conducted to reduce dust based on weather conditions. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. 3. Environmental protection provisions on construction site preparation Temporary sites that shall be set up during construction process mainly include stockyard and mixing yard. Setting and use of temporary sites involve ecological issues including land occupation, vegetation destruction, water and soil loss and landscape influence and pollution to water environment, acoustic environment and air environmental pollution as well as acquisition of temporary land and social problems such as influence on villagers’ normal lives. Therefore, it shall be carefully treated. (1) Common environmental requirements for selection of temporary construction sites ①Temporary sites shall be kept far away from rivers. It is usually prohibited to set up temporary sites within a range of 200m away from river bank; ②Types of land occupation: Temporary land shall be selected in wasteland or dry bottomland with sparse vegetation as much as possible; ③Less occupation of land: The area of temporary land occupied shall be strictly controlled. Farmland shall be occupied as little as possible. Temporary sites can be set up within the scope of land occupation of roads. Also, one parcel of land can be used for multiple purposes. For example, a parcel of land can be used as stockyard and also mixing yard. In addition, spoil ground shall be set up first and then mixing yard can be established based on construction sequence so as to reduce the area of land temporarily acquired. (2) Special environmental requirements for site selection of various temporary sites Since different temporary sites have different environmental impacts, the environmental requirements for site selection of different sites also differ: ①Stockyard: It shall be set up far away from residential area. It shall be selected along the downwind direction of perennial prevailing wind direction of environmental sensitive point. The distance shall be beyond 300m; ②Cement and concrete mixing yard: Cement and concrete mixing yard shall be set up 300m away from the downwind direction of perennial prevailing wind direction of environmental sensitive point. (3) Site survey shall be carried out ahead of time before entry into construction site. Specific position of construction site shall be reasonably arranged according to status quo of environment of the construction site. 4. Environmental protection provisions on society (1) Management of land acquisition ①Since permanent or temporary land occupation of the project results in reduction of local residents’ acreage under cultivation, decline of yield and reduction of income, the development organization shall timely offer relevant economic compensation to reduce the influence of the project on residents’ lives. As for young crops, crops, etc. on the acquired land, the compensation will be made according to yield of crops in current season; if no young crops are involved, compensation will be made according to actual input in current quarter. Land compensation fee shall be executed in strict accordance with relevant regulations including Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and Rules of Implementation of Land Administration in Hunan Province. ②If land acquisition of the project is involved, the local government shall take charge of land acquisition work. The issue shall be settled after negotiation of land and resource administrative departments in each level and project towns. The development organization shall formulate reasonable land acquisition plan and execution scheme before commencement as well as pay land acquisition fee according to relevant policies and standards. ③The principle of “a fixed sum is for a fixed purpose” must be impl emented for the use of compensation fee which shall be timely distributed to relevant village groups and individuals as stipulated. Meanwhile, effective publicity approach shall be utilized to vigorously publicize relevant economic settlement compensation policy of the state. (2) Management measures against influence on farmland and water conservancy along the line ①Parallel operation shall be adopted during earth borrowing in construction. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. ②Works involving relocation of farmland water channels and electric pump stations shall be constructed in non-irrigation period as much as possible in order to ensure unimpeded farmland water channels and prevent water and soil loss. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period. (3) Management measures against influence on infrastructure including existing transportation ①As for all public facilities and structures influenced by the proposed project, the contractor shall take all proper measures to protect such facilities and structures during construction period of the proposed project. ②Protective measures shall be properly adopted to protect infrastructure within scope of roadbed including existing road, communication, electric power, and pipeline network facilities to prevent damages. ③The transport of raw and auxiliary materials or use of large machinery may damage local roads. Therefore, such roads shall be timely repaired during and after construction, or compensation fee shall be paid to local road administrative department for repair. ④The development organization shall properly make a transport plan. Road materials shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours of local roads in order to avoid causing traffic blockage and reduce traffic accidents. ⑤As for excavation work close to public facilities, the contractor shall inform relevant department and invite representative from such department to be present during construction. (4) Environmental protection provisions on traffic ①Project construction in sections shall be adopted as much as possible and excavation and backfill work shall be completed within a period as short as possible. ②Construction methods shall be determined section by section based on project contents and scale. It is required to not only reduce investment but also ensure project quality. Construction method combining advancing and excavation shall be implemented to avoid traffic interruption and blockage. ③Signboards around construction points shall be properly set up in consideration of influence of construction on access of targeted groups. Special personnel are set up at the intersection to take charge of traffic dredging and assurance of pedestrians’ safety. ④The construction unit shall post relevant announcement in project construction area one week before project implementation to inform the residents of influence of project construction ahead of time and obtain their understanding. 5. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of physical cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of cultural heritage are shown in Figure 5-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and excavated indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out. Cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction Stop construction and report to personnel of county PMO County PMO Report Local County Cultural Provincial PMO Heritage Bureau Organize professionals to carry out investigation and assessment Cultural relics and historic Not cultural relics and sites historical sites Provincial Cultural County PMO Heritage Bureau Preliminary determination of protection level State Administration of Cultural Heritage The construction unit continues construction With adoption of measures and approval Figure 5-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction period 6. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets. 7. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures During the period from foundation excavation to backfill and covering during construction period, the construction site shall be enclosed in order to prevent generation of raising dust from construction. Under the condition that it is continuously sunny and windy during construction, watering or green covering net shall be adopted at the temporary stacking and storage place of excavated earthwork for covering so as to prevent generation of raising dust. The construction unit shall timely dispose spoil as planned and use canvass to cover the carriage of trucks used to transport residual earth during loading (keep enclosed transport of vehicles) as well as carry out watering on transport route without earth pavement. Meanwhile, it is required to avoid excavation of earthwork and handling of materials in windy days. The loading vehicles shall not be overloaded. Certain measures shall be adopted to ensure that the residual earth transport vehicles do not scatter materials along the journey. Before driving of vehicles, mud on the wheels shall be cleaned using sweeper to prevent falling of spoil along the journey to influence environmental tidiness. Meanwhile, clean-keeping system shall be implemented on construction road and spoil shall be timely cleaned if any. The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures ①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment. 8. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence (1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent flushing of such materials from flowing into the river together with rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm. (2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater flushing and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body. (5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is. 9. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized. The remaining materials may be timely cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization. 10. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment (1) Vegetation protection measures ①Existing farmland and trees shall be properly protected. It is recommended to carry out relevant training of construction personnel before use of temporary land. Civilized work shall be emphasized during construction and damages beyond the work shall not be caused. Management shall be strengthened and trees and vegetation within temporary land shall be strictly and properly protected to reduce damages of surrounding ecological environment in project areas. ②Construction, greening, slope protection and construction of drainage ditch shall be simultaneously implemented. It is strongly recommended to realize simultaneous use, leveling, greening and secondary ploughing. However, in consideration of feasibility, leveling and greening shall be emphasized after end of project. ③As for temporary land occupation, it shall be timely leveled and reclaimed or greening and land construction shall be conducted after end of project. ④Green vegetation beyond the scope of land shall be protected as much as possible. If the existing green vegetation is damaged due to construction of temporary works, it shall be recovered during demolition of temporary works. ⑤Area of vegetation damaged during project construction shall be strictly controlled. Besides unavoidable project land occupation and felling, no other form of man-made damage shall take place. ⑥Strengthen education of protection of natural resources and wild animals for construction personnel and stipulate in the employment contract that it is strictly prohibited to fell trees at will. (2) Cultivated land protection measures ①Unnecessary land occupation shall be reduced or avoided during construction as much as possible. Unnecessary land occupation shall be reduced or avoided during construction as much as possible. Operation shall be carried out according to greening design requirements within scope of project land. ②Occupation of cultivated land shall be reduced as much as possible. Earth borrow and abandoning shall be combined with agricultural development planning and design and basic construction of farmland so as to provide conveniences for development of local economy and solving of local actual difficulties. ③Project greening shall carefully implement requirements of relevant policies. If it is cultivated land around the project, width of greenbelts shall be strictly controlled. (3) Greening measures ①Plant protection measures in directly affected areas: There are several land types in directly affected areas, namely, cultivated land, waste slope (wasteland) and grassland. The greening principle in the directly affected areas is that the original land utilization types shall be recovered after completion of main works. Therefore, after completion of project, land remediation of cultivated land shall be carried out to reclaim the land to farmland; after completion of project, land remediation of waste slope and grassland shall be carried out to create forests mixing trees and shrubs or plant high-quality grass. ②Other greening measures for land occupation: It is mainly to recover farmland and vegetation damaged by place with earth borrowed. It is mainly to recover farmland and vegetation damaged by place with earth borrowed. 11. Environmental protection provisions on construction site During site selection of the project, the following requirements shall be observed according to site selection requirements of construction site and based on actual circumstances of project. ① Rent villagers’ residences around project areas and set up household garbage collection points or garbage collecting cans. ② Construction personnel shall abide by local village regulations and nongovernmental agreements, implement civilized construction, and properly handle relationship with local residents. ③ Wastewater sedimentation tank is set up for setting of production site. After sedimentation, production wastewater is reused for construction work and is not discharged out. The domestic sewage is collected and treated in toilets of villagers’ residences and then used by local farmers for farmland fertilization. 12. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety and health of construction personnel. (1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations; (4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.); (5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time; (6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-driven equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks); (8) Guardrails (one middle bar and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users; (10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases. Appendix 2 Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Field Irrigation Facility Construction Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land is a project implemented in order to improve quality and safety of agricultural products and safeguard people’s life health in consideration of the severe situation of heavy metal contamination of cultivated land in Hunan Province. In order to maintain normal implementation of the project, realize use of clean and standard-reaching irrigation water sources during implementation of the project, and provide guarantee for smooth implementation of the project and obtaining of expected effect, the field irrigation facilities in the project areas are hereby reconstructed and perfected. The construction contents of field irrigation facilities in Yongxing County include reconstruction of drainage channels and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditches. 1. Bid invitation and bidding (1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures. (3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the 1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures. 2. General provisions (1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure. (2) The construction unit is required to entrust a qualified unit to conduct construction supervision and supervise and urge construction unit to implement each environmental protection measure. (3) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (4) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (5) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (6) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as 2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. (7) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (8) During work on construction site and construction of canal embankments, watering shall be timely conducted to reduce dust based on weather conditions. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. (9) Formulate construction plan and carry out construction of channel works. The influence of construction period on use of irrigation water in farmland along the river bank shall be considered. Construction shall be better implemented in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage shall be built when necessary to ensure irrigation water of farmland. 3. Construction site management measures The project construction unit must abide by the following management measures to minimize adverse environmental influence caused from the construction site. (1) Working hours The construction time is within 8:00~20:00. Construction shall be stopped during lunch break (12:00~14:00). Meanwhile, construction at night is restricted. Besides, when it is unavoidable to construct at night, surrounding residents shall be notified and relevant formalities shall be handled. Moreover, measures shall be adopted to reduce influence on such residents. Access of construction transport vehicles shall comply with requirements of local government; (2) Borrow area and spoil (slag) ground 3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals It is not required to borrow earth during construction according to engineering features of irrigation facilities involved in this project. Therefore, no borrow area is set up. During construction, “zero balancing” of earthwork and stonework is realized through reasonable allocation and transport of excavation. No spoil ground is set up. (3) Wastewater sedimentation tank is set up on construction site. The construction wastewater is reused for construction work after sedimentation and it is not discharged outside. Instead, the domestic sewage is collected and treated in the toilets of villager’s residence and then used by local farmers for farmland fertilization. (4) Public information platform ①Set up construction nameplate in eye-catching position to make clear of name of project, scope of construction site, names of development organization, construction organization, supervision unit and regulatory body, name of project leader, date of completion and supervision and complaint hotline, specific environmental protection measures, etc.; ②The construction unit shall post letter of notification of commencement around the site 7 days before planned commencement of the project. The letter of notification shall contain information such as project overview, construction plan, names of units responsible for construction, name of project leader, complaint hotline, etc..; ③Construction at night is restricted. The influence of construction at night on surrounding environment shall be controlled and residents shall be informed ahead of time under special circumstances in order to obtain their understanding; ④The construction unit shall post notice to inform the public in project points and around affected residents and enterprises 5 days before service interruption (including water, electricity, communication, traffic, etc.). (5) Accident risk prevention The construction unit shall formulate accident prevention plan ahead of time and set up person in charge of emergency accident. Once an accident occurs, the construction unit may seek help from relevant department; (6) People’s safety and health 4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Construction site shall be isolated and enclosed and traffic signs and guard bars shall be set up to ensure pedestrians’ safety; safety training shall be carried out for construction personnel before construction and personal protection facilities shall be provided and required for mandatory use; ensure that materials containing asbestos or other toxic substances are disassembled and handled by specially trained workers; all work shall be stopped in case of rainstorm or any emergency. (7) Prohibited matters It is prohibited to fell trees at will beyond the approved construction area; it is prohibited to use unapproved toxic substances, such as lead paint and asbestos; it is prohibited to use open fire or let workers to use alcohol. 4. Construction site construction and facility management measures 4.1 Management of construction building materials Building materials used in the construction of irrigation facility works mainly include sand, stone, cement, quick lime, raw wood, steel and brick. If these building materials are not properly handled during transport, storage and use, different degrees of influence will be imposed on the environment. Therefore, relevant environmental protection prevention and control measures shall be adopted to minimize such influence. The proposed management measures during transport, storage and use of construction building materials during construction of irrigation facility works are shown as follows: (1) Low-noise vehicles shall be used. The daytime transport shift system shall be strictly executed and management shall be strengthened to reduce number of times of transport at night under abnormal conditions; (2) Speed restriction control measure is adopted for transport vehicles. When passing through environmental protection objectives (e.g. hospitals, residential areas, schools, etc.), the vehicles shall slow down; (3) Vehicle access signboard shall be set up. Vehicle drivers shall drive the vehicles in a civilized way to ensure safe transport; 5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals (4) Powdery materials such as cement and lime shall be canned or bagged. Bulk transport is prohibited; vehicles transporting aggregates and construction materials shall be provided with anti-scattering equipment. Excessive loading shall be avoided to prevent materials from being blown up by big wind. It is strictly forbidden to let such materials raise dust and scattered during journey of transport. Felt cloth must be covered; transport route and time shall be properly planned to reduce the influence on environmental sensitive points (areas) as much as possible; (5) Place for stacking of powdery building materials shall be selected 300m along the downwind direction of environmental sensitive point. Stocking volume shall be reduced and the building materials shall be timely utilized. Measures preventing wind and rain shall be adopted during stacking. Fences shall be set up and watering shall be conducted in fixed timing to prevent raising dust when necessary. Felt cloth shall be added under severe weather conditions; (6) Construction vehicles must be checked on a regular basis and damaged carriages shall be timely repaired to reduce scattering of building materials and wastes of vehicles during driving; (7) Management of transmission and use of powdery materials shall be strengthened during construction period. Watering and cleaning shall be conducted for working faces easily generating secondary raising dust. 4.2 Management of construction equipment Construction equipment used for construction of irrigation facility works mainly includes excavator, blender, vibratory unit and tamping machine. Noise and tail gas generated by such construction equipment during construction as well as possible deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and liquid leakage would have an influence on environmental elements in the project areas. In order to minimize such adverse influence, it is planned to adopt the following management measures: (1) Construction equipment shall be stored according to construction area divided. It is not allowed to park construction equipment at will beyond the construction site in order 6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals to avoid increase of area of temporary land occupation and destruction of vegetation and soil; (2) Low-noise equipment shall be adopted as construction equipment as much as possible; (3) Silencer shall be installed at equipment noise source to eliminate sound. To be specific, silencers shall be set up in proper positions where various exhaust and venting devices pass through air pipes; meanwhile, foundation damping or damping support may be adopted; (4) Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and machinery must be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gas; (5) Equipment shall be reasonably used and equipment maintenance and repair of equipment shall be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and liquid leakage and avoid causing influence on surface water environment, soil environment, etc. in the project areas. 5. Environmental protection provisions on construction stockyards 5.1 Quarry Gravel materials used for project construction are usually adopted from the existing qualified quarry. Aggregates needed for construction of irrigation facility works shall be purchased from aggregate factory with formal business license in project areas. However, noise and raising dust generated during handling and vehicle transport of aggregates as well as stacking and storage of aggregates in construction place shall be strictly managed and controlled. 5.2 Prefabrication and mixing yard Sand gravel cushion paving + Concrete precast block + Channel lining + Pointing construction procedure shall be adopted for irrigation and drainage channel of irrigation facility construction. Prefabrication and mixing yard shall be arranged around construction point according to environmental features along irrigation channel and based on direction of irrigation channel planned and designed. Noise and maintenance wastewater generated 7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals during machinery mixing, vibration of vibratory unit and watering maintenance will have an influence on surrounding acoustic environment and surface water environment. (1) Prefabrication and mixing yard shall be selected 300m beyond downwind direction of environmental sensitive points. Fence shall be set up when necessary; (2) Silencer shall be installed at noise sources of blender and vibratory unit to eliminate sound. Meanwhile, foundation damping or damping support may be adopted; (3) Maintenance wastewater is comprehensively utilized after being treated in temporary sedimentation tank set up. (4) The construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange construction personnel and reduce the operation time of operators of high-noise machinery. Earmuffs can be equipped for construction personnel to reduce the influence of noise on construction personnel. 6. Environmental protection provisions on society The reconstruction of field irrigation facilities mainly has an influence on farmland water conservancy along the line. The management measures are shown as follows: (1) Parallel operation shall be adopted during construction excavation. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. (2) In order to ensure unimpeded water channels in farmland and prevent water and soil loss, reconstruction of drainage and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditch shall be arranged in non-irrigation period as much as possible. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period. 7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of material cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of cultural heritage are shown in Figure 8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 7-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and dug indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out. Figure 7-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction period 9 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual 10 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets. 9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure 11 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures ①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment. 10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence (1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent such materials from flowing into river together with rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm. (2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage 12 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body. (5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is. 11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized. The remaining materials may be timely 13 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization. 12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment 12.1 Ecological resource protection and management measures (1) Reasonably optimize layout of construction site, reduce scope of construction activities and reduce the degree of damage caused by project implementation to vegetation; (2) Building materials that shall be purchased during construction such as stone, sand and cement; they shall be transported when needed. Land occupation and vegetation damage shall be reduced; after completion of project, construction site shall be timely cleared and construction site shall be greened to recover the damaged vegetation as much as possible; (3) Temporary protective fences shall be established around trees not felled or transplanted within construction site before construction according to checking results of construction site; (4) It is not allowed to add other signs besides identification label on the trees or stack or store building materials and park mechanical equipment around tree protection areas; (5) Temporary intercepting ditch shall be built on construction site, and flood guiding channel shall be constructed for surface runoff channel damaged for the project so as to 14 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals lead the flood formed in rainy season away and avoid scouring of surface runoff to the project; (6) The construction unit shall shorten time of temporary land occupation, control construction time of earthwork, maintain stable excavation and filling of side slope and reduce the influence beyond project construction under the precondition that construction quality is ensured. 12.2 Water and soil conservancy measures (1) Temporary measures During stacking of sand gravel materials needed for excavation and backfill of earthwork of buildings and structures as well as construction project, in order to avoid wind erosion and water erosion. Temporary covering measure shall be adopted for protection. Temporary protective measures adopted mainly include temporary straw bag pressing, covering and watering. ①Covering In order to prevent wind erosion and water erosion, temporary covering measure is adopted for exposed parts of slag body in this temporary mound yard. Dense-mesh dustproof net is selected and used as covering material. Demolition of dustproof covering shall be carried out upon start of earthwork backfill. The dustproof net shall be gradually rolled up backward from a place close to foundation pit. The dustproof net will be recycled after earthwork is fully back filled. ②Temporary pressing measure using earth loading straw bag Dustproof net around temporary mound yard shall be pressed by earth loading in straw bag. Requirements for removal of straw bags: When backfill is conducted after completion of casting of building foundations of main works, the straw bags around shall be manually removed from two sides from the opening and the earth in the straw bags is continuously filled into foundation pit. Straw bags can be recycled for reutilization. ③Watering Watering shall be conducted for 1-2 times after land remediation of construction site. 15 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Surface crust with thickness enough to effectively resist wind erosion can be formed if the degree of infiltration of soil reaches approximately 2cm, which benefits recovery of water and soil conservation functions. (2) Engineering measures ①Concave-convex leveling and backfill: Including determination of backfill area and depth, unit weight of backfill object and unit weight of grinding as well as backfill grinding method as well as determination of possible sinking and its hazard prediction and protective measures; ②Plan transport routes of backfill object and earth covering; ③Pit backfill and utilization: During pit backfill, abandoned earth and stone slag shall be fully utilized to strive to realize leveling of pit and full consumption of slag after backfill. The backfill method is determined according to factors such as terrain, construction conditions and area. Manpower and machinery combined method is usually adopted. When area remediated is relatively big, bulldozer is adopted to conduct trip-type remediation. The lap width between strips is 0.5m; as for corners with relatively area in which mechanical operation is unavailable or applicable, manpower will be employed to remediate dead angles. Shovels are adopted for manpower remediation to carry out pit backfill within depth of 0.3m in remediation area; ④During rough remediation, key parts requiring backfill shall be determined according to features of landform and terrain in project area. Then, construction machinery such as bulldozer shall be adopted to transport the earthwork to filling area of pit place. During pit backfill, relatively fine sand gravel shall be used and compressed below, while macadam with relatively big grain size shall be paved above and then flatly grinded. After end of rough remediation, tools such as shovel shall be manually used to shovel parts such as edges and dead angles of construction area disturbed and small pits left over by machinery remediation flatly. The landfill treatment shall finally meet the design requirements of leveling. (3) Vegetation measure During vegetation recovery in construction area after end of project, local species 16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals shall be adopted and introduction of external species shall be avoided. 13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety and health of construction personnel. (1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations; (4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.); (5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time; (6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-drive equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye 17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks); (8) Guardrails (one middle bar and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users; (10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases. 18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Appendix 3 Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongxing County with World Bank Loan Agricultural Activities Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities 1 Environmental protection measures for lime application 1.1 Lime quality requirements Lime material selected in this project: It is a composite product comprising quick lime (CaO content>70%), limestone (CaO content>40%) and dolomite (CaO+MgO content>45% with ratio of 1:3. The quality indexes are required as follows: Fineness: Passing of 2mm standard sieve (10-mesh standard sieve) ≥80%; Mercury (Hg) content≤2 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content≤3 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content≤50 mg/kg｡ 1.2 Lime transport (1) Bid invitation is adopted to ensure timely application. Public purchasing by invitation to bid is adopted for late rice according to normal procedure. After determination of bid winner, the bid inviter will sign quick lime powder product supply service contract with the bid winner and the bid winner shall transport the product to village groups where the project is conducted as scheduled with required quantity. (2) Waterproof cloth shall be adopted during transport to cover the lime and prevent spreading and overflow of lime during transport. 1.3 Protective measures for lime application (1) When using lime, the lime application personnel shall pay special attention to their safety protection. They shall wear masks, eyeshades (or goggles) and work clothes. After completion of lime application, they shall timely take showers and change cloths. (2) During process of lime application, even application shall be realized to prevent excessive local concentration. (3) During storage of lime, weather and moisture prevention shall be noticed. Lime 1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals shall not be stored for a long term. It shall be better used when received. Besides, lime shall not be simultaneously used with chemical fertilizers and pesticide. 1.4 Determination of application period In order to make it convenient for farmers to use, lime application shall be better carried out beyond busy season and high-temperature season. Period of lime application once every year shall be flexibly determined according to different planting systems. (1) Double cropping rice-slack winter season area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 1 month before winter or transplanting of early season rice. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of early season rice. (2) Double cropping rice-oilseed rape/green manure area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field 2-3 days before oilseed rape straws or green manure is ploughed. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately to transplant early season rice. (3) Oilseed rape-single-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 15 days before transplanting of middle-season rice after harvesting of oilseed rape. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of middle-season rice. (4) Tobacco-late-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field in winter or about 1 month before transplanting of flue-cured tobacco. Then, the paddy field shall be immediately ploughed. 1.5 Other attentions (1) During top dressing of lime, there shall be no water on the standing grain leaves. In other words, lime shall not be applied in the morning when there is dew or after rain, or under the weather condition of big wind. (2) During application of lime, organic fertilizer shall be applied as coordination. (3) Lime shall not be mixed with chemical fertilizers especially ammonium nitrogen and thoroughly decomposed excrements and urines of people and livestock during application to avoid loss of nitrogen fertilizer. (4) Lime shall not be mixed with trace elements such as boric fertilizer so as to 2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals prevent the reduction of effectiveness of lime. 2 Environmental protection measures for application of soil passivator 2.1 Quality index of soil passivator Silicon-containing and water-soluble fertilizers already applied in rice and registered in Ministry of Agriculture with cadmium blocking effect above 30% are selected according to Guiding Opinion on Standardization Heavy metal contamination Repair Products of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Cultivated Land in 2015 and Service Technical Quality Requirements. The specific quality indexes are shown as follows: Water: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥70g/L; water-insoluble matter content ≤10 g/L Powder: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥10%; water-insoluble matter content≤5% Mercury (Hg) content ≤5 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content ≤10 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content ≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content ≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content ≤50 mg/kg｡ 2.2 Selection of soil passivator (1) Use of industrial waste as passivation restorative agent shall be avoided as much as possible so as to avoid bringing new secondary pollution to farmland soil or destroy soil structure as well as its physical and chemical properties and environmental quality. (2) Soil conditioner already applied in rice and registered by Ministry of Agriculture shall be selected. (3) Soil conditioner shall be applied in strict accordance with product description. Excessive application shall be prevented. 2.3 Temporary storage requirements A specific indoor warehouse is set up to temporarily store leaf surface controlling 3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals agent and soil passivator. The temporary storage warehouse shall resist rain, wind and seepage. 3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers 3.1 Selection and use of commercial organic fertilizers The heavy metal contents of commercial organic fertilizers must be lower than the standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012). The specific indexes are shown as follows: (1) Technical indexes: Mass fraction of organic maters (calculated as per dried basis): 45; Mass fraction of total nutrient (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated as per dried basis): ≥5.0; Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample): ≤30; Potential of hydrogen (PH): 5.5-8.5 (2) Metal indexes: Total arsenic (As) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤15 mg/kg; Total mercury (Hg) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤2 mg/kg; Total lead (Pb) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤50 mg/kg; Total chromium (Cr) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤150 mg/kg; Total cadmium (Cd) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤3 mg/kg｡ (3) Bacterial indexes Roundworm ova death rate and number of fecal coliforms shall comply with requirements raised in NY884. 3.2 Attentions during application of organic fertilizers (1) Use of commercial organic fertilizers is promoted. Commercial organic fertilizers already passing field test, confirmed as safe through secondary pollution evaluation, and certified and registered by relevant certification organization shall be selected. 4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals (2) The contents of elements in organic fertilizers applied including Cd, As, Hg, Pb and Cr shall be lower than standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012) (3) If manure of livestock and poultry is used as organic fertilizer, the feeds used to feed livestock and poultry must comply with requirements of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001). (4) As for livestock’s excrements generated by surrounding farmer households in breeding industry, PMO shall strengthen supervision. Excrements generated by breeding industry without detection or exceeding standard during monitoring shall not be delivered to farmland in order to prevent bringing new heavy metal contamination. (5) Attentions to use of bio-organic fertilizers ①The bio-organic fertilizers shall not be applied to a very deep earth layer. It is suitable to apply the bio-organic fertilizers at a place of 10-15cm below the surface. ②During application, bio-organic fertilizers shall be not mixed with single chemical fertilizer. Since single chemical fertilizer has singular ingredients and the pH value differs, if it is abundantly applied, the biological activity of bio-organic fertilizers will be inevitably compromised. Therefore, bio-organic fertilizers shall be better separately applied. ③The proportioning of bio-organic fertilizer, farm manure and DAP compound fertilizer shall be reasonable. When they are selected and used, they shall be calculated first and then scientific proportioning shall be carried out before application. 4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes (1) Strengthening publicity and enhance farmers’ environmental protection awareness Since farmers are the subjects using agricultural means of production and agricultural package wastes, it is required to strengthen technical training of scientific use of pesticide and other agricultural products for the farmers and enable them to get to know the hazards of agricultural package wastes to agricultural production and environment and enhance their environmental protection awareness. Also, the farmers shall be educated not to 5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals abandon agricultural films at will and to collect and take away agricultural package wastes. (2) Implementing centralized collection and avoiding storage at will Agricultural package waste collection points are set in each project area. Farmers are required to waste agricultural films, pesticide and agricultural packages already used up in collection points. Meanwhile, they shall contact with agricultural package recycling station of Yongxing County and transport agricultural package wastes in the collection points to the recycling station on a regular basis. (3) Strengthening management and ensuring transfer treatment PMO shall strengthen management and supervise the collection and transfer work of agricultural package wastes to ensure that all such package wastes in project areas are transported to agricultural package recycling station of Yongxing County that shall recycle such wastes or entrust a qualified unit to treat such wastes. 5. Environmental protection measures for removing straw from farmland (1) PPP mode is adopted as operation mechanism to motivate and subsidize farmland operators or professional harvesting cooperatives to change harvesting model (semi-feeding harvesting to ensure overall straw relocation and utilization) and increase crushed grass bundling method (bundling machine can be purchased for harvesting) to realize relocation of crop straws from farmland in project areas. (2) Select advantaged enterprises to profit from acquisition of straws and utilization of resources to sustain normal operation of the project. (3) Straws in the project areas are transported to candy orange planting bases including Qianjin, Yongsheng and Longwangling Shenlong according to the principle of proximity. The straws will be used for covering and sheltering in sweet orange planting bases. (4) PMO shall strengthen supervision to ensure that straws are smoothly transported out of the farmland and properly disposed. 6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 6. Environmental protection measures for management and control of standard-exceeding rice in the husk (1) PMO shall strengthen supervision and entrust relevant unit with relevant detection qualification to detect the rice in the husk in project areas on a regular basis and avoid entry of standard-exceeding rice in the husk in project areas to grain ratio market. (2) As for rice with 0.2mg/kg0.5mg/kg, it will be used as raw material for liquor making after a purchase and sales contract is signed with Hunan Miluochun Wine Brewing Co., Ltd.. (4) Stillage, a by-product during wine brewing, shall be detected. If complying with the standard of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001), it can be used as feed. Otherwise, it shall be dried and then transported to refuse landfill for sanitary landfill. 7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals