SFG3875 V1 GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLES' REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH MINISTRY OF FOOD DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF FOOD MODERN FOOD STORAGE FACILITIES PROJECT (MFSP) IDA Credit # 5265-BD ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF GALVANIZED CORRUGATED FLAT BOTTOM STEEL SILO WITH RCC FOUNDATION AND IT'S ANCILLARY WORKS AT ASHUGANJ SILO SITE PROJECT DIRECTOR MODERN FOOD STORAGE FACILITIES PROJECT BHABAN 71-72, PROBASHI KALLAYAN BHABAN, 72, ESKATON GARDEN DHAKA RAMNA, DHAKA-1000, BANGLADESH. DECEMBER,2016 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... vi ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... ix 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Objectives of the Project ............................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Strategic Objectives ............................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Specific Objectives .............................................................................................. 2 1.3. Key Results ................................................................................................................. 2 1.4. Scope of Study ............................................................................................................ 3 1.5. Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................ 3 1.6. Structure of the Report ................................................................................................ 1 1.7. Limitation of the Study ............................................................................................... 1 1.8. The ESIA Study Team ................................................................................................ 2 2. POLICY & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 3 2.1. National Environmental Laws..................................................................................... 3 2.1.1. General Description ............................................................................................. 3 2.1.2. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 .............................................. 4 2.1.3. Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 .............................................................. 4 2.1.4. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 ........... 5 2.1.5. National Environment Action Plan, 1992 ............................................................ 6 2.1.6. National Water Policy, 1999 ................................................................................ 6 2.1.7. Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010 ...................................................................... 7 2.1.8. National Integrated Pest Management Policy, 2002 ............................................ 7 2.1.9. National Fisheries Policy, 1996 ........................................................................... 7 2.1.10. National Adaption Programme of Action (NAPA) .......................................... 8 2.1.11. Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 ............................................................................ 8 2.1.12. Bangladesh National Building Code, 2006 ...................................................... 9 2.1.13. National Agricultural Policy, 2010 ................................................................ 10 2.1.14. National Food Policy, 2006............................................................................ 11 2.1.15. National Food Policy Plan of Action, 2008-2015 .......................................... 12 2.1.16. Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011 ........................................ 13 i Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 2.2. World Bank’s Environmental Safeguard Policies..................................................... 13 2.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment ............................................................ 14 2.2.2 OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats ............................................................................. 15 2.2.3 OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management ........................................................................... 15 2.2.4 OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources .......................................................... 15 2.2.5 OP/BP 4.36 Forests ............................................................................................ 16 2.3 Environment, Health & Safety Guidelines................................................................ 16 2.4 Social Policies & Legislation of Bangladesh ............................................................ 18 2.4.1 General Description ........................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Constitution of Bangladesh ................................................................................ 18 2.4.3 The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 ..... 18 2.4.4 The East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950 (Revised, 1994).... 19 2.4.5 Constitutional Right of the Tribal Peoples Rights ............................................. 19 2.4.6 The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1990 .................................................... 20 2.4.7 The Chittagong Hill Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation, 1958 .................... 20 2.4.8 The CHT Regional Council Act, 1998 .............................................................. 20 2.4.9 Ethnic Minority Rights in PRSP, 2005 .............................................................. 21 2.4.10 GOB Laws and Land Acquisition ...................................................................... 21 2.5 World’s Bank Social Safeguard Policy ..................................................................... 22 2.5.1 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) .................................................................. 22 2.5.2 Indigenous People (OP 4.10) ............................................................................. 22 2.6 Implication of National Policies and Legislations on this Project ............................ 23 2.7 Implication of Environmental Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project ................. 23 2.8 Implication of Social Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project ............................... 23 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 25 3.1. Location of the Project .............................................................................................. 25 3.2. Description of Project Works .................................................................................... 28 3.3. Existing Structure ...................................................................................................... 30 3.4. Construction of Steel Silos ........................................................................................ 31 3.5. Implementation Schedule .......................................................................................... 32 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................... 33 4.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 33 4.1.1 Climate ............................................................................................................... 33 ii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.2 Noise Level ........................................................................................................ 38 4.1.3 Physiography...................................................................................................... 40 4.1.4 Topography ........................................................................................................ 42 4.1.5 Geology .............................................................................................................. 44 4.1.6 Air quality .......................................................................................................... 46 4.1.7 Water Resources ................................................................................................ 46 4.1.8 Soil Quality ........................................................................................................ 51 4.1.9 Agro-Ecological Zones within the Project Area ................................................ 53 4.1.10 Seismicity........................................................................................................... 55 4.2 Biological Environment ............................................................................................ 57 4.2.1 Bio-Ecological Zones......................................................................................... 57 4.2.2 Terrestrial Ecosystem......................................................................................... 59 4.2.3 Aquatic Ecosystem............................................................................................. 60 4.2.4 Protected Areas & Red Book Species................................................................ 60 4.3 Social Environment ................................................................................................... 62 4.3.1 Demographic Profile .......................................................................................... 62 4.3.2 Survey Finding of Social Impact Assessment ................................................... 67 4.3.3 Environmental & Social Hotspot ....................................................................... 67 4.3.4 Cultural, Religious and Archaeological Sites .................................................... 67 5. SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK ........... 69 5.1 Objectives of SMRPF................................................................................................ 69 5.2 Basic Planning Principles .......................................................................................... 69 5.3 Social Screening & Impact Assessment .................................................................... 70 5.3.1 Exclusion Criteria .............................................................................................. 70 5.3.2 Social Impact Assessment Methodology ........................................................... 70 5.4 Social Management and Resettlement Policy ........................................................... 71 6. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ............................................................. 74 6.1 Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ............................................ 74 6.1.1 Potential Impacts during Pre-construction Phase .............................................. 74 6.1.2 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase .................................................... 78 6.1.3 Potential Impacts during Operational Phase ...................................................... 83 6.2 Assessment of Social Impacts & Mitigation ............................................................. 87 6.2.1 Social Screening................................................................................................. 87 iii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 6.2.2 Impacts on Indigenous People ........................................................................... 88 6.2.3 Social Exclusion................................................................................................. 88 6.2.4 Impacts Due to Non-Local Work Force............................................................. 88 6.2.5 Impacts on Local Infrastructure ......................................................................... 88 6.2.6 Impacts on Conflict of Labor Influx .................................................................. 88 6.2.7 Project Benefits .................................................................................................. 89 6.2.8 Social Welfare Works by the Project Authority ................................................ 89 7 ARRANGEMENT OF SILO BINS AND ANCILLARY FACILITIES........................... 91 7.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 91 7.2 Safeguard facilities during Construction works ........................................................ 91 7.3 Traffic Management .................................................................................................. 93 7.4 Residential Arrangement for the Silo Experts........................................................... 93 7.5 Solid waste Management support from MFSP silo campus ..................................... 93 8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 95 8.1 Objectives of the ESMP ............................................................................................ 95 8.2 Environmental and Social Management and Mitigation Plan................................... 95 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ............................................................ 102 8.3.1 General ............................................................................................................. 102 8.3.2 Objectives of the ESMoP ................................................................................. 102 8.4 EMP in Bidding Document ..................................................................................... 104 8.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................... 105 8.6 Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation ........................................... 107 8.6.1 Implementation Responsibility ........................................................................ 108 8.6.2 Construction Phase........................................................................................... 108 8.6.3 Operation Phase ............................................................................................... 109 8.7 Training Plan ........................................................................................................... 109 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................................... 111 9.1 General .................................................................................................................... 111 9.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 111 9.3 Consultation with various Stakeholders .................................................................. 112 9.4 Findings of the consultation meetings ..................................................................... 115 10. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................. 117 10.1 Conclusion............................................................................................................... 117 iv Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 10.2 Recommendation..................................................................................................... 117 APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................... 118 APPENDIX A: Site Clearance Certificate with ToR for EIA ........................................... 118 APPENDIX B: Noise Level Test Result ............................................................................ 120 APPENDIX C: Test Result for Surface Water (On Site) ................................................... 121 APPENDIX D: Test Result for Ground Water (On Site) .................................................. 122 APPENDIX E: Test Result for Surface Water (DPHE Laboratory) .................................. 123 APPENDIX F: Test Result for Ground Water (DPHE Laboratory) .................................. 124 APPENDIX G: List of Plants in the Project Area.............................................................. 125 APPENDIX H: List of Fauna and fish Identified in the Project Area ............................... 127 APPENDIX I: Sensitive Locations in the PIA ................................................................... 129 APPENDIX J: Socio-Economic Survey Template ............................................................ 138 APPENDIX K: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Participants List .................................... 145 APPENDIX L: Reference Used for ESIA Study ............................................................... 149 Annex-M: Sample Environmental Action Plan for MFSP Sub-projects ........................... 150 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Location of Sample Collection ................................................................................ 1 Figure 3.1: Location Map of the Ashuganj Silo Site in Google Earth..................................... 26 Figure 3.2:Location of Ashuganj Silo Site .............................................................................. 27 Figure 3.3: Layout Plan of Ashuganj Silo Site ........................................................................ 29 Figure 3.4: Proposed Silo Site ................................................................................................. 30 Figure 3.5: Preliminary design of steel silos............................................................................ 32 Figure 4.1: Climatic Zones of project area .............................................................................. 34 Figure 4.2: Average Monthly Maximum & Minimum Temperature ...................................... 35 Figure 4.3: Average Monthly Total Rainfall in Comilla Station ............................................. 36 Figure 4.4: Average Monthly Relative Humidity in Comilla Station...................................... 36 Figure 4.5: Average Monthly Wind Speed in Comilla Station................................................ 37 Figure 4.6: Average Monthly Sunshine in Comilla Station..................................................... 37 Figure 4.7: Average Monthly Cloud Coverage in Comilla Station ......................................... 38 Figure 4.8: Noise Level Monitoring in the Project Area ......................................................... 39 Figure 4.9: Physiographic Units of Project area ...................................................................... 41 Figure 4.10: Topographic Map of Bangladesh ........................................................................ 43 Figure 4.11: Geology of Project area ....................................................................................... 45 Figure 4.12: Water Body and River Network Map.................................................................. 47 Figure 4.13: Ground Water Sampling and On-site Testing in the Project Location................ 48 Figure 4.14: Surface Water Sampling and On-site Testing in the Project Location................ 49 v Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.15: Arsenic Contaminated Zones of Bangladesh ...................................................... 50 Figure 4.16: Soil Types of Bangladesh .................................................................................... 52 Figure 4.17: Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh ................................................................ 54 Figure 4.18: Seismic Zones of Bangladesh.............................................................................. 56 Figure 4.19: Bio-ecological Zones of Bangladesh................................................................... 58 Figure 4.20: Flora in the Project Area ..................................................................................... 59 Figure 4.21: Environmental Protected Areas of Bangladesh ................................................... 61 Figure 4.22: Existing transportation facilities outside and inside of the project area .............. 66 Figure 4.23: Sensitive Locations in Ashuganj ......................................................................... 68 Figure 7.1: Arrangement of labor camp, stockpiles, water source, latrines etc. ...................... 92 Figure 7.2: Transportation arrangement around silo area during construction period ............ 94 Figure 8.1: Implementation Step Up of the Project ............................................................... 107 Figure 9.1: Photos of Focus Group Discussions .................................................................... 113 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: The ESIA Study Team .............................................................................................. 2 Table 2.1: EHS Guidelines of World Bank ............................................................................. 17 Table 3.1: Summary of the existing and proposed Structures of Ashuganj Silo Area ............ 31 Table 4.1: Noise Level at Different Locations of Project Area ............................................... 39 Table 4.2: Air Quality Monitoring Data ................................................................................. 46 Table 4.3: Results for Groundwater Field Sample................................................................... 48 Table 4.4: Results for Surface Water Field Sample ................................................................. 49 Table 4.5: Seismic Zonation of Bangladesh ............................................................................ 55 Table 4.6: Land Holdings and Ownership of Land at Ashuganj Upazila ................................ 62 Table 4.7 Religion Composition of Ashuganj Upazila ............................................................ 63 Table 4.8: Educational Institutions in AshuganjUpazilla ........................................................ 63 Table 4.9: Cultural Institutions of Ashuganj............................................................................ 64 Table 4.10: Income Sources of Ashuganj ................................................................................ 64 Table 4.11: Drinking Water Consumption Percentage ............................................................ 65 Table 4.12: Health and sanitation facilities of the project area................................................ 65 Table 6.1: Social Screening ..................................................................................................... 87 Table 6.2: Social Impact Assessment (SIA) ............................................................................ 90 Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Management /Mitigation Plan ...................................... 96 Table 8.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ......................................................... 103 Table 8.3: Cost of ESMP ....................................................................................................... 104 Table 8.4: Environmental and Social Training Plan .............................................................. 109 Table 9.1: Details of FGDs .................................................................................................... 112 Table 9.2: Summary of the FGD............................................................................................ 113 vi Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AEZ Agro-Ecological Zones ARIPO African Regional Intellectual Property Organization AP Affected Person AD Alluvion Dilluvion BP Bank Procedure BECA Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BMD Bangladesh Meteorological Department BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BoQ Bill of Quantities BNBC Bangladesh National Building Code BFIDC Bangladesh Forest Industries Development Corporation BADC Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CoP Conference of the Parties CIP Country Investment Plan CLAC Central Land Allocation Committee DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering DG Directorate General DoE Department of Environment DC Deputy Commissioner EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ECA Environmental Conservation Act ECR Environmental Conservation Rules EA Environmental Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate EMP Environmental Management Plan EHS Environment, Health & Safety EMF Environmental Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMoP Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan GIIP Good International Industry Practice GoB Government of Bangladesh GIS Geographic Information System GW Ground Water HDC Hill District Councils HSE Health, Safety and Environment HQ Headquarter IEE Initial Environmental Examination IPM Integrated Pest Management IDA International Development Association IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LSD Least Significant Difference MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MFSFP Modern Food Storage Facilities Project MDG Millennium Development Goal MoL Ministry of Land vii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj NFP National Food Policy NAPA National Adaption Program of Action NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NGO Non-Governmental Organization OP Operational Plan O&M Operation and Maintenance PPE Personal Protective Equipments PoA Plan of Action PRSP Property Reduction Strategy Papers PIA Project Influenced Area RAP Resettlement Action Plan SIA Social Impact Assessment SRDI Soil Resources Development Institute SOD Standing Orders on Disaster SMPRF Social Management and Resettlement Policy Framework SPM Suspended Particular Matter USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNDP United Nations Development Program WHO World Health Organization WB World Bank viii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world to natural disasters that are likely to be exacerbated due to climate changes, and 60% of the world-wide deaths caused by natural disasters during the last 20 years were in Bangladesh. Climate change is anticipated to lead to more intense and frequent cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well as sea level rise and associated salinity intrusion in the coastal areas leading to growing pressure on ensuring adequate food security and nutrition. The Directorate General of Food (DG Food) estimates that, by 2020, grain storage requirements would be about 3 million tons for a population of about 170 million people. Based on current and project storage availability, this is expected to result in estimated shortages of grain storage space of about 1.7 million tons by the year 2020. The modern food storage facilities proposed for construction under this project could considerably improve the efficacy of the government’s emergency response and recovery efforts in disaster-prone areas, and could enhance the efficiency of its Public Food Distribution System. To respond to the above challenges, GoB seeks to improve its capacity to respond to short and longer term post-disaster food and nutrition security needs by enhancing its network of food grain storage facilities and building modern food storage facilities; at the same time, it aims to improve the efficacy and accountability of the public food grain system. METHODOLOGY The study is based on both primary and secondary data and information. The primary data includes data collected from field observations, survey and secondary data includes review of the Bangladesh statistical and relevant information from Government Departments. Discussions were held with stakeholders including community representatives and local people. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Legislative bases for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Bangladesh are the Environmental Conservation Act 1995 (ECA’95) and the Environmental Conservation Rules 1997 (ECR’97). Department of Environment (DoE), under the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) is the regulatory body responsible for enforcing the ECA’95 and ECR’97. It is the responsibility of the proponent to conduct an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of development proposal and the responsibility to review ESIAs for the purpose of issuing Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) rests on the DOE and fulfill the world bank social safe guard issues.The project authority already got the site clearance certificate (SCC) from the DoE. ix Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT The Ashuganj Concrete Silo Campus Site for construction of a steel silo for rice storage is situated within the administrative division (extreme north point) of Chittagong Division of Bangladesh. The Ashuganj Silo is located about 75 km north-east of Dhaka and near the eastern bank of the river Meghna. The site is situated parallel to the railway that passes over the river Meghna. There is a railway land with planned tree plantation between the railway and the Silo structure. The silo and the ancillary facilities are surrounded by boundary wall. At the back side of the wall, private lands are there cultivated by the owners. To the left side of the campus, the river Meghna flows down. The campus is protected from all sides. The silo was constructed in the sight taking in to consideration the advantage of its linkage with other parts of the country, particularly Dhaka, Chittagong and north east part of the country through river and rail transport. Total project works has been considered in two phases. In the first phase, the sub-project preparation works like; the boundary wall, site development by earth filling, office building etc. has been completed. In the second phase; main construction works like 30 nos. flat bottom prefabricated steel silo bins and silo related ancillary works as well as interventions will be constructed/ installed. Design and estimates of the silo bins and ancillary works has been completed and awaiting for the engagement of contractors, for construction works. There are thirty nos. of steel silos will be constructed under this project. Each silo capacity for storage is 3500 T. There are lot of equipment will be used during silos operation like belt conveyor, bagging station, chiller etc. The speed control time is 120 t/h. The total capacity of storage will be 1,05,000 T. DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT The project area is, under Chittagong Division, located in the South-central climatic zone. The region has a tropical climate with three main seasons–the hot and humid summer, the rainy season and the mild and relatively dry winter. The highest average recorded temperature in this weather station was 32.8°C in May. The lowest average recorded temperature was found in the month of January which was 12°C. Statistical data of 1987 to 2013 shows that Comilla station experiences almost 397.3 mm rainfall during monsoon. In the month of December and January of winter season around 10 mm rainfall occurred in the region of Comilla weather station. Humidity in the above area maximized in June to September in the year which ranges from 86% to 86.5%. On the other hand, humidity falls around 75% in January, February and March during the winter season in the Comilla station area. Average wind speed maximum value is 12.29 mps in June. The minimum wind speed was 0.62mps in the month of December. Noise level has been monitored at inside and outside of the project location during day time. Results of the noise level monitored were within the standard limit of Bangladesh. The project area falls in the Middle Meghna River Floodplain physiographic unit. On 14th October 2016, ground and surface water samples were collected by environmental team from a tube well depth about 190 ft and Meghna River near the project area. The Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) analyzed the sample. It is found from the GW quality test x Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj result that all the parameters were well within the Bangladesh ground water quality standard set by Department of Environment except BOD5. (The ground water quality result is attached in Appendix D and DPHE laboratory Appendix F). It is also found from the SW quality test result that all parameters were well within the Bangladesh surface water quality standard set by Department of Environment except BOD5. (The surface water quality result is attached in Appendix C and DPHE laboratory Appendix E). The soil near the project area is Non-Calcareous Dark Grey and Grey soils. As per the seismic zone map, project area falls in the zone II of low seismic intensity. According to the bioecological map zones the project area falls in Meghna Floodplain ecological zone. No endangered/ critically endangered or threatened terrestrial or aquatic species were found in the project area. No archaeological but some culturally protected areas were found that would have anticipated impact. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental impacts assessment was carried out considering present environmental setting of the project area, and nature and extent of the proposed activities. Potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed project activities are classified as: (i) impacts during pre-construction and construction phase and ii) impacts during operation phase. Here the project has no land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impact. Most of the impact will occur duing construction activities of the silos. The area is, within the existing Concrete Silo boundary, free from environmental hotspot, and away from any environmentally sensitive area. The sub-project will not be harmful to the issues like; resettlement, vulnerable group or women. Some anticipated impacts will have to be considered, especially, during construction and operation periods and those are to be well managed, to minimize environmental and social impacts and hazards, as the means of mitigation measures to the probable impacts. For the sustainable development as well as to maintain environmental friendly infrastructure, measures start from design phase. Ashuganj silo site, with 15.5 acres of land, is now well protected by boundary wall. Before starting the construction works, an well planning is required to place the laborers' shed, drinking water facility, sanitary latrines, equipment and materials yards, lubricant and fuel keeping facility, temporary drainage facilities, solid waste management facilities etc. The traffic and machineries' movement routes etc. are to be established in the construction site. Essential facilities like; labor-shed with proper living, lighting and cooking arrangement, waste water drainage arrangement from the kitchen area, waste bins and solid waste management facilities, and adequate drinking water supply, sanitary latrine facilities, personal protection equipment and first aid box etc. are to be provided before starting the construction works. The construction materials' yard and place for keeping the prefabricated steel sheets will be fixed in ahead of starting the silo bins' super-structure setting. As, the area is not so large (15.5 acres only), no stone/ brick crushing will be allowed within the silo site. Only pre- fabricated steel sheet will be carried to the construction site and separate areas/ yards will have to be maintained for that. For carrying the construction materials, care should be taken xi Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj on traffic management. Safety measures will be taken for the local pedestrians, school children, local traffic along with the other traffic movement for existing CSD godowns. In addition to road, the waterway may also be used to carry construction materials. ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR SETTING SILO BINS AND ANCILLARY FACILITIES For the environmental and social safeguard compliances, the construction and installation of water supply and sanitation facilities, along with the labor-camp placement, will have to be done very carefully. The areas, near the office building (constructed during preparatory works), along the boundary wall side, will be suitable for setting the workers' facilities like labor-shed, toilet and solid waste management. Cleaning of labor-camp site, etc. will have to be accommodated very cautiously, because of the existing CSD facilities, no disturbance will be allowed to the existing CSD godowns and related facilities. Also, the toilet facilities may be accommodated along the boundary wall side. Precaution is to be made on cleaning the living and toiletry facilities, because, the whole works will be commenced within the existing CSD areas. The Supervision Consultant's Engineer and the Contractor will take a careful decision for setting the workers' facilities, material stocking yard etc. within the limited area. Proper traffic management is necessary during carrying construction materials. The environmental and social safeguard issues have been accommodated with the engagement of people for traffic management during construction and operation periods. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN Environmental Management Plan has been developed for addressing all adverse impacts pertaining to the implementation of the project. The plan presented in tabular form includes impacts, their sources of occurrence, their mitigation measures, actors responsible for implementation of mitigation measures and their responsibilities. Environmental Monitoring Plan has incorporated key environmental components and parameters to be monitored their indicators, frequency, timing and locations of monitoring and also the actors responsible for carrying out such monitoring. Grievance Redress Mechanism, Institutional Arrangement, Environmental Safeguard Compliance cost etc. has been incorporated in the Environmental Management and Monitoring chapter. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM A grievance can be defined as an actual or perceived problem that might give grounds for complaint. As a general policy, DG-Food along with the MFSP will work proactively towards arising and minimizing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. The Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) sets out the information and communications strategy to ensure that PAPs and communities are fully informed about their rights to offer suggestions and make complaints, and the different mechanisms through xii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj which they can do so, including grievances through creating more sounds during construction, pollution through improper solid waste management, traffic disturbance during the movement of more vehicles during construction and operation phases etc. This will be the responsibility of the PMU, CSC, and contractors and persons designated to be responsible for stakeholder liaison. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION PHASES A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established under the DG Food for day–to-day implementation and monitoring of the project activities. The PMU is headed by a Project Director who is assisted by; (i) Deputy-Project Director; (ii) technical specialists (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical); (ii) Senior Procurement Specialist, and Procurement Analyst; (iii) Senior Financial Management Specialist, and accountant and a book keeper; (iv) Senior Environmental Specialist, (v) Senior Social Specialist, and (vi) Senior Communication Specialist. Each Silo site is headed by the Project Coordinator for coordination with the contractors, consultants and local administration as well as with communities, along with a Technical Specialist. The PMU has a Senior Environmental Specialist (SES) to ensure implementation of EMP and other environmental management responsibilities. The SES maintaining liaison with WB safeguards team, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders during the Project implementation. The SES will also coordinate with the environmental staff of the Construction Supervision Consultants. The Supervision Consultants will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site- based Environment Monitor (EM) at each construction site (before starting the construction works). The EMs will monitor and supervise the EMP implementation at the field level. The EMs will maintain coordination with SES at the PMU level and supervise and monitor the construction contractor. The EMs need to be a graduate preferably in environmental science/engineering with at least 5 years’ experience in the related field. The construction contractors will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site- based Environment Supervisors (ESs) at each construction site. The ESs will be responsible to implement various aspects of the EMP particularly the mitigation measures to ensure that the environmental impacts of the construction works remain within acceptable limits. The ESs will maintain coordination with the EMs at the site level. The ESs will also be responsible to conduct environmental trainings for the construction crew. The EM needs to be a graduate preferably in environmental science/engineering with at least 3 years’ experience in the related field. The (Health, Safety and Environment) HSE function will be a key element of the operation and maintenance arrangements at each of the silo facility. Dedicated HSE personnel will be part of the O&M staff and will be responsible to prepare and then implement the relevant parts of the Operations Manual for ensuring health and safety during project operation. xiii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj TRAINING PLAN A series of training programs has been proposed under the MFSP Silo project to enhance the skills of the MFSP as well as contractor staff in environmental aspects especially Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Safeguard arrangements. The Environmental and Social consultants (PMU and D&S consultants) will be responsible for imparting training to the engineers and supervisors engaged in construction and operation works. The following training programs are to be included for effective implementation of environmental safeguard issues during construction period and operation stages:  Implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and auditing of Environmental Management System (EMS)  Documentation requirements of ISO 14001 2004  Internal and external communications  Internal audit PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS Four consultation meetings were held during October 2016 at the project areas. The consultation meetings were conducted with different level of local people. Total 60 (sixty) participants, different level of people like; local representatives, businessmen, day laborers, farmers, shop keepers etc. were in the meetings. In consultation meetings; environmental and social issues were examined. The main focus was to dig out the mental supports from different level of stakeholders regarding the new concept of food storage facilities, i.e. the silo construction works in lieu of the traditional food storage facilities. The issue on potential impact of construction works has also been raised. Most of participants appreciated because of the benefit from the proposed project. They also discussed about noise, water and soil pollution issue that are evolving because of existing project and the future possibilities. They expect improved technology to minimize the problem. The outcome of the consultation meetings were as follows.  There should be effective mitigation measures in order to reduce noise pollution during construction period. Improved technology and proper management plan would help to mitigate the noise pollution.  Surface water and soil pollution should be controlled by monitoring the runoff of waste materials to the surroundings.  Air pollution from the construction materials and emission from machineries might create problem. Contractor should spray water during construction period and they will use covers over materials' carrying vehicles to protect air pollution.  It will generate more employment in terms of using more laborers, more rice mills will be established, transport business will boost, poultry farming will enrich further and so on. The local people requested that local labor should be used during construction and operation. xiv Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION On the basis of the analysis, it may be concluded that the project stands environmentally sound and sustainable when the recommended mitigation measure and environmental management processes are adopted properly. Seasonal weather conditions would have an impact on the construction activities. The construction activities may even have to be stopped during these periods. So it is recommended that commencing construction in early winter season may help to reap the benefit of full dry spell of the season. In order to enhance the occupational health and worker safety during the construction period, construction equipment would have to be kept in good order. Adequate safety measures should be taken and safety related equipment including personal protective and safety equipments (PPE), firefighting equipment etc. must be provided in order to reduce the potential accidents. Solid waste will be generated during the construction period from excavation and refuse from construction camps and that would be under control management. The major issue is the need to minimize disturbance to the local population in the areas of construction. A positive policy of employing local people during the construction phase should be adopted. Since, the implementation of the proposed project will bring benefit through helping to meet the food security, certain minor environmental impacts of the associated project will have to be compromised for the better interest of the country. However, the anticipated impacts are mostly of short duration and relatively minor in nature. To ensure compliance with the EMP the contractor should deploy an environmental specialist to monitor and report project activities throughout the project construction phase. In view of the above considerations and the fact that the executing agency will maintain standard quality of implementation of the program with due consideration to other standing rules and regulations including but not limited to the ECA 1995 (amended 2010) and ECR 1997 the project is recommended for implementation. xv Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world to natural disasters that are likely to be exacerbated due to climate changes, and 60% of the world-wide deaths caused by natural disasters during the last 20 years were in Bangladesh. Climate change is anticipated to lead to more intense and frequent cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well as sea level rise and associated salinity intrusion in the coastal areas leading to growing pressure on ensuring adequate food security and nutrition. Growing climate variability and natural disaster risks is anticipated to increase pressure on the Government of Bangladesh to effectively distribute food packets and food aid as a part of its post-disaster recovery programs. During the 2007 floods and the subsequent Cyclones Sidr and Aila (in 2007 and 2009, respectively), crop losses were estimated to be over one million tons each. However, while floods typically cause damage to crops and food stocks (both household and government stocks), post-flood crop yields are typically higher than average (“bumper crops”) because of rich silt deposited on the topsoil, leading to high production that has often served to replace stock shortages. In the case of cyclones, it is not only the losses during the cyclone but production is also severely hampered in the years to follow because saline sea water from storm surges is often deposited on agricultural lands, resulting in food stock shortages for at least two years. The Directorate General of Food (DG Food) estimates that, by 2020, grain storage requirements would be about 3 million tons for a population of about 170 million people. Based on current and project storage availability, this is expected to result in estimated shortages of grain storage space of about 1.7 million tons by the year 2020. However, given the current implementation capacity of the DG Food, and in order to avoid overstocking, it is recommended that the expansion of storage facilities occur in a phased approach. Government of The People’s Republic of Bangladesh has received an IDA credit toward the costs of the Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), being implemented by the Directorate General of Food, Ministry of Food. Bangladesh experiences frequent catastrophic weather events resulting in heavy losses in lives and property. Because of these weather related challenges, the Government of Bangladesh is implementing programs aimed at minimizing loss and expediting recovery from these events. The modern food storage facilities proposed for construction under this project could considerably improve the efficacy of the government’s emergency response and recovery efforts in disaster-prone areas, and could enhance the efficiency of its Public Food Distribution System. To respond to the above challenges, GoB seeks to improve its capacity to respond to short and longer term post-disaster food and nutrition security needs by enhancing its network of food grain storage facilities and building modern food storage facilities; at the same time, it aims to improve the efficacy and accountability of the public food grain system. 1 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 1.2. ctives of the Project Objectives 1.2.1 Strategic Objectives Modern storage facilities proposed for construction under this project in different strategic locations across the country will allow grain to be kept in bulk for up to two to three years in ative to the godowns used currently, with reduced grain losses and better conditions relative enhanced nutritional value of the grain distributed. With strengthened capacity for improving stock management in the modern silos, and comprehensive analyses for enhancing the overall cy framework on strategic grain reserves, GoB will be in a position to make sound and policy informed decisions as it reconciles the three strategic objectives that impact the domestic food market: 1.2.2 Specific Objectives The specific objectives of this project are: 1.3. Key Results The key results are expected from the project as follows:  Increased availability of grain stocks immediately after a major disaster,  Increased food grain facilities to more disaster prone households,  Change in cost per ton in storing grain relative to pre-project cost, 2 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Reduced loss in grain stocks relative to pre-project losses,  Better monitoring, and improved governance and management of food stocks. 1.4. Scope of Study The scope of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) study associated with the silo construction and ancillary facilities comprise with the acts like; to present a general description of the project activities, describing the baseline environment, outlining the socio- economic environment around, suggesting the plan for managing the socio-environmental impacts during implementation and operation, and finally estimating the cost for environmental and social safeguard compliance issues involved during construction and operation phases. The scope of the ESIA included:  Identify the activities are to be done under Ashuganj Silo sub-project, with ancillary works associated in Ashuganj silo site,  Explore the present environment and socio-economic condition of Ashuganj and surrounding areas,  Finding the probable socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with Ashuganj silo and surrounding areas,  Investigating the future benefits of the people around Ashuganj or grievances among them if any, due to the implementation of such new storage facilities like silo,  Investigating the public opinion of Ashuganj areas, on the issues of silo construction,  Categorize the pollutions, may come out during construction and operation phases, in Ashuganj and surrounding areas,  Come across the solutions to the probable evolved problems and impacts during implementation and operation phases in the Ashuganj silo areas (both in the silo campus and surrounding areas),  Finding the optimum solutions to every impact during implementation and operation phases at Ashuganj silo site,  Assessment of institutional aspects, and development of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan,  Estimating the environmental and social safeguard costs o be involved with the construction cost of Ashuganj silo and ancillary works. 1.5. Approach and Methodology The ESIA study was carried out using reconnaissance survey, field visits, consultation with stakeholders, household survey, review of existing data, assessment to identify adverse impacts and preparation of EMP and post-project Environmental Monitoring Program. 3 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Physical assessments were made for entire project site with respect to terrestrial and aquatic aspects. The task of preparing the ESIA report consisted of the following sequential components:  Identification and screening of the environmental parameters relevant to the proposed project through a scoping process;  Assessment of the magnitude of the potential negative impacts for relevant environmental parameters;  Formulation of avoidance/mitigation measures to address the potential negative impacts, and preparation of a monitoring program during the period of project implementation; Scoping and field visits to the project sites identified the environmental parameters/ components (relevant to the project actions) which are susceptible to be affected. The field visit also included participatory approach, which involved discussions with local people in order to determine the perceptions and priorities of the stakeholders in the Project area. Apart from the local people, information were also obtained from the local school teacher and local government. Information were also derived from secondary sources like different reports, journals, Satellite Image Analysis, research papers, NGO, government officials etc. The Location of Sample Collection Map is shown in Figure 1.1. 4 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 1.1: Location of Sample Collection 1 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 1.6. Structure of the Report The report fulfills the requirements of ESIA under ECR, 1997 and has been prepared in accordance with the TOR provided by the Department of Environment (DOE). The report contains ten chapters and the chapter details are discussed below:  Chapter 1 describes the background information of Ashuganj silo site and selection of silo site (strategic location), objectives of the sub-project (silo bins and ancillary works to be done), key results to be achieved after silo construction at Ashuganj site, scope of ESIA study and approach and methodology for the ESIA study associated with the Ashuganj silo and ancillary works,  Chapter 2 is on policy, legal and administrative framework describing the relevant policy and legal frameworks for the ESIA process, including the process of obtaining environmental clearance from the competent authorities.  Chapter 3 contains detailed project description along with all the sub-project interventions are to be constructed and implemented.  Chapter 4 describes environmental and social baseline condition with details on physical environment, land resources, agricultural resources, fisheries, ecosystem, socio-economic condition and social characteristics of the area.  Chapter 5 describes Social Management and resettlement policy framework, emphasizing the inclusion and integration of society people in all activities.  Chapter 6 presents the impacts assessment and mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse impacts and enhancing the benefits of the project and specific works to be done during design, construction and operation phases.  Chapter 7 describes the alternative arrangements for setting different type of interventions (silo bins, office, residential arrangement etc.) associated with the sub-project within the specified allocated area.  Chapter 8 describes the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) and monitoring plan along with the monitoring indicators.  Chapter 9 describes public consultation discussion with local stakeholders with their ideas, views about the project through knowledge sharing,  Chapter 10 concluding the ESIA report along with the recommendations. 1.7. Limitation of the Study The present ESIA Report has been prepared based on the primary field investigations / assessment, and secondary data collected from various government departments, climatic data has been used from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), Department of Environment, Bangladesh (DoE) and published journals, and books, public consultation with local stakeholders and site observations. The environmental and social assessment is based on the information collected from the various Agencies, community consultations and 1 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj observations. Professional judgment and subjective interpretation of facts and observations has been applied for the preparation of the ESIA Report. 1.8. The ESIA Study Team A multidisciplinary team of ESIA experts having experience of conducting Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of large scale industrial and infrastructural development projects. Table 1.1 presents the professionals’ names with their positions. Table1.1: The ESIA Study Team No. Name Position 1 Mr. S. M. Sanaul Kafi Environmental Specialist 2 Mr. Md. Shafiqur Rahman Social Safeguard Specialist 3 Ms. Tanzia Sharmin Junior Environmental Engineer-1 4 Mr. Masfiq Bashir Junior Environmental Specialist-1 5 Ms. Mafia Mostafa Junior Environmental Specialist-2 6 Md. Atiqur Rahman Junior Social safeguard Specialist-2 7 Mr. Madhu Shudan Das GIS Expert 8 Mr. Abdul Malek Surveyor-1 9 Mr. Liton Surveyor-2 10 Mr. Shahidul Islam Surveyor-3 11 Mr. Bappy Rahman Surveyor-4 2 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 2. POLICY & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK The Environmental and Social Impact Study (ESIA) has been performed in accordance with the rules, laws and regulations governed by the Bangladesh Government and according to the operation policy of the World Bank. The laws, rules and regulations, adapted by the government of Bangladesh, for overall environmental improvement and to provide environmental and social safeguards, during implementation and operation of any physical infrastructure, considered during the ESIA study for Ashuganj Silo site, are; National Environment Action Plan, 1992, Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995, Environment Conservation Rules, 1997, National Water Policy, 1999, National Fisheries Policy, 1996, Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010, National Integrated Pest Management Policy, 2002, National Adaption Program of Action (NAPA), Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011, Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009, Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, Bangladesh National Building Code, 2006 (for demolition of Structure and for Occupational Health & Safety), National Agricultural Policy, 2010, National Food Policy, 2006 etc. As per criterion set forth in the ECR 1997, Ashuganj silo sub-project is under Orange-B category. On the other hand, as the sub-project is associated with the World Bank' s investment, the Bank's Operation Policy (OP)/ Bank Procedure (BP) are involved with the ESIA study, and those are; Environmental Policies like, (OP/BP 4.01-Environmental Assessment, OP/BP 4.04-Natural Habitats, OP/BP 4.09-Pest Management, OP/BP 4.11-Physical Cultural Resources, OP/BP 4.36-Forests and OP/BP 4.37-Safety of Dams, Social Policies like, OP/BP 4.10-Indigenous Peoples and OP/BP 4.12-Involuntary Resettlement and the Legal Policies like, OP/BP 7.50-International Waterways and OP/BP 7.60-Disputed Areas, were carefully observed during the study. According to World Bank OP/BP the project has been considered as a Category B project. 2.1. National Environmental Laws 2.1.1. General Description A wide range of laws and regulations related to environmental issues are in place in Bangladesh. Many of these are cross-sectoral and partially related to environmental issues. The most important of these are the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA, 1995), and the Environment Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997). In addition to the Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act and Rules, there are a number of other policies, plans and strategies which deal with the water sector, agricultural development, coastal area, protected area disaster management and climate change. These are the National Water Policy, 1999; the Forest Act 1927 (last modified 30th April 2000); National Forest Policy, 1994; the National Conservation Strategy1992; National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP), 1995; National Agricultural Policy, 2010; National Food Policy 2006; National Food Policy Plan of Action, 2008-2015; Food Grain Movement Policy, 2008; Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011; National Fisheries Policy, 1996; Standing Orders on Disaster, 1999 (revised in 2010); Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, 2009; 3 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj National Plan for Disaster Management, 2010-2015. Some of these policies and legislations are described in this chapter for reference 2.1.2. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 The national environmental legislation known as Environmental Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA'95) is currently the main legislative document relating to environmental protection in Bangladesh, which replaced the earlier environment pollution control ordinance of 1992 and has been promulgated in Environmental Conservation Rules, 1997 (ECR’97). This Act is amended in 2000, 2002 and 2010. The main objectives of ECA’95 are: i) conservation of the natural environment and improvement of environmental standards; and ii) control and mitigation of environmental pollution. Department of Environment (DoE) implements the Act. DoE is under the Ministry of Environment and Forest and is headed by a Director General (DG). The Act states that before beginning new development project, the project proponent must obtain Environmental Clearance from DoE. The procedures to obtain such clearance are in place. Failure to comply with any part of ECA'95 may result in punishment by a maximum of 10 years imprisonment or a maximum fine of BDT. 1000,000 or both. 2.1.3. Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 The Environment Conservation Rules, ECR 1997, provide a first set of rules under the Environment Conservation Act 1995, further amended in 2002 and 2010. These provide, amongst others items, standards and guidelines for:  Categorization of industries and development projects  Procedure for obtaining environmental clearance  Environmental quality standards in relation to water pollution, air pollution and noise, as well as permitted discharge/emission levels of water and air pollutants and noise by projects The Rules incorporate "inclusion lists" of projects requiring varying degrees of environmental investigation. The Government is also empowered to specify which activities are permissible and which restricted in the ecologically critical area. Under this mandate, MoEF has declared Sunderban, Cox's Bazar-Tekhnaf Sea Shore, Saint Martin Island, Sonadia Island, HakalukiHaor, TanguarHaor, MarzatBaor and Gulshan-Baridhara Lake as ecologically critical areas and accordingly has prohibited certain activities in those areas. Four riversrespectivelyBuriganga, Balu, Turag and Dhaleshwari of surrounding Dhaka city have also declared as ecologically critical area. Environmental Conservation Rules (1997) classifies industrial units and development projects into four categories for the purpose of issuance of Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC). These categories are: (i) Green (ii) Orange-A (iii) Orange-B and (iv) Red. Green Category projects are considered relatively pollution-free and hence do not require initial environmental examination (IEE) and EIA. An environment clearance certificate 4 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj (ECC) from the Department of Environment (DoE) is adequate. Orange Category projects fall into two categories. Orange A projects are required to submit general information, a feasibility report, a process flow diagram and schematic diagrams of waste treatment facilities along with their application for obtaining DoE environmental clearance. Orange B projects are required to submit an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report, along with their application and the information and papers specified for Orange B projects. Red Category projects are those which may cause ‘significant adverse’ environmental impacts and are, therefore, required to submit an EIA report. It should be noted that they may obtain an initial site clearance on the basis of an IEE report, and subsequently submit an EIA report for obtaining environmental clearance along with other necessary papers, such as feasibility study reports and no objections from local authorities. As per ECR ’97 all existing industries and projects in Orange B and Red category require an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be prepared and submitted along with other necessary papers while applying for environmental clearance. 2.1.4. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 The Government of Bangladesh prepared the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2008 and revised in 2009. This is a comprehensive strategy to address climate change challenges in Bangladesh. It is built around the following six themes:  Food security, social protection and health to ensure that the poorest and most vulnerable in society, including women and children, are protected from climate change. All programs focus on the needs of this group for food security, safe housing, employment and access to basic services, including health.  Comprehensive disaster management to further strengthen the country’s already proven disaster management systems to deal with increasingly frequent and severe natural calamities.  Infrastructure to ensure that existing assets (e.g., coastal and river embankments) are well maintained and fit for purpose and that urgently needed infrastructures (cyclone shelters and urban drainage) is put in place to deal with the likely impacts of climate change.  Research and Knowledge management to predict that the likely scale and timing of climate change impacts on different sectors of economy and socioeconomic groups; to underpin future investment strategies; and to ensure that Bangladesh is networked into the latest global thinking on climate change. Mitigation and low carbon development to evolve low carbon development options and implement these as the country’s economy grows over the coming decades. Capacity building and Institutional strengthening to enhance the capacity government ministries, civil society and private sector to meet the challenge of climate change. 5 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 2.1.5. National Environment Action Plan, 1992 The National Environment Action Plan recommended sector specific action plan to achieve the objectives and implement the policy recommendations of the National Environment Policy. The followings are sector relevant key recommended actions: Agriculture  Use of chemical insecticides and pesticides has to be regulated. Production, import and use of those chemical insecticides and pesticides, which have a long-term residue and keep on accumulating in the environment, have to be phased out gradually.  Proper and regulated use of chemical fertilizers will be ensured. Use of organic fertilizers will be increasingly emphasized.  Imported seeds, seedlings and plants will be properly quarantined to exercise necessary caution against probable adverse environmental impact.  Natural methods of pest control will be encouraged through ensuring protection and safety. Steps should be taken to establish an agricultural system based on local ecosystem, rate of population growth and demand of national economy. 2.1.6. National Water Policy, 1999 The National Water Policy was promulgated in 1999 with the intention of guiding both public and private actions to ensure optimal development and management of water in order to benefit both individuals and the society at large. The policy aims to ensure progress towards fulfilling national goals of economic development, poverty alleviation, food security, public health and safety, a decent standard of living for the people and protection of the natural environment. According to the policy, all agencies and departments entrusted with water resource management responsibilities (regulation, planning, construction, operation and maintenance) will have to enhance environmental amenities and ensure that environmental resources are protected and restored while executing their activities. Environmental needs and objectives will be treated equally with the resources management needs. The policy has several clauses related to the protection and conservation of the natural environment to ensure sustainable development. The strategy of the policy to conserve environment and resource can be summarized as:  Promoting modern eco-friendly technology and infrastructure for a safe and sustainable future;  Biodiversity conservation and sustainable land & water management;  Restricting the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes. 6 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 2.1.7. Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010 The 'Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010' is a substantial improvement over the previous edition (English 1999) New features introduced in this edition include, among others, the following: i) an outline of disaster management regulative framework, ii) an introduction of core groups for emergency response at various levels, iii) multi-agency disaster incident management system, iv) risk reduction roles and responsibilities for all committees and agencies, v) new outlines for local level plans, vi) revised storm warning signals, vii) a report on cyclone shelter design. Conceptually, this edition follows a comprehensive approach emphasizing risk reduction as well as emergency responses relating to all hazards and all sectors. The Standing Order is designed to enhance capacity at all tiers of government administrative and social structures for coping with and recovering from disasters. Provision of emergency water, food, sanitation and shelter space for livestock during such periods should also be considered for future construction of shelters. The Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) specifically focuses on community vulnerability and capacity development of the community to adapt disaster (cyclone, tidal surge, tsunami, earthquake, tornado, flood, water logging, salinity, high tide, cold wave) resistant features like disaster resistant agriculture and other livelihood options. The SOD also delineates the activity of different administration at pre, during and post disaster period. 2.1.8. National Integrated Pest Management Policy, 2002 The objective of the policy is to enable farmers to grow healthy crops in an increased manner and thereby increase their income on a sustainable basis while improving the environment and community health. Maintaining ecological balance is the first priority of the IPM policy. In order to reduce misuse of agro-chemicals that could easily lead to ecological disturbance threatening the sustainability of agricultural production, the policy suggests for the following measurers:  Efforts will be made to conserve and augment populations of bio-control agents in crop fields through the adoption of the principles and practices of IPM; and  Priorities will be given to the management of pests through the use of parasitoids, predators, insect pathogens, appropriate cultivation techniques, pest tolerant varieties, mechanical control measures, crop diversification, botanical products and bio- pesticides. 2.1.9. National Fisheries Policy, 1996 The National Fisheries Policy, 1996 recognizes that fish production has declined due to environmental imbalances, adverse environmental impact and improper implementation of fish culture and management programs. The policy suggests following actions:  To conserve fish habitats from damage, appropriate care should be taken during the implementation of all development activities such as flood control, irrigation and drainage projects, agriculture, industries, road and development projects. 7 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Shrimp and fish culture will not be expanded to the areas which damage mangrove forest in the coastal region  Biodiversity will be maintained in all natural water bodies and in marine environment. Chemicals harmful to the environment will not be used in fish and shrimp farms  Breeding ground of fish and fresh water giant prawn will be conserved  Environment friendly shrimp culture technology will be used  Control measures will be taken against activities that have a negative impact on fisheries, resources and vice-versa  Laws will be formulated to ban the disposal of any untreated industrial effluents into the water bodies 2.1.10. National Adaption Programme of Action (NAPA) In 2005, the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has prepared the National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) for Bangladesh, as a response to the decision of the Seventh Session of the Conference of the Parties (CoP7) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The basic approach to NAPA preparation was along with the sustainable development goals and objectives of the country where it has recognized necessity of addressing climate change and environmental issue and natural resource management. The NAPA is the beginning of a long journey to address adverse impacts of climate change including variability and extreme events and to promote sustainable development of the country. There are 15 adaptation strategies have been suggested for Bangladesh to address adverse effects of climate change. Among the 15 adaptation strategies the following strategies have taken for the coastal region for reducing climate change induced vulnerability.  Reduction of climate change hazards through coastal afforestation with community participation  Providing drinking water to coastal communities to combat enhanced salinity due to sea level rise  Construction of flood shelter, and information and assistance centre to cope with enhanced recurrent floods in major floodplains  Promotion of research on drought, flood and saline tolerant varieties of crops to facilitate adaptation in future  Promoting adaptation to coastal crop agriculture to combat increased salinity  Promoting adaptation to coastal fisheries through culture of salt tolerant fish special in coastal areas of Bangladesh. 2.1.11. Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 The Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 provides the guidance of employer’s extent of responsibility and workmen’s extent of right to get compensation in case of injury by accident while working. Some of the relevant Sections are: 8 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Section 150. Employer’s Liability for Compensation: (1) If personal injury is caused to a workman by accident arising out of and in the course of his employment, his employer shall be liable to pay compensation in accordance with the provisions of this Act; and (2) Provided that the employer shall not be so liable - (a) in respect of any injury which does not result in the total or partial disablement of the workman for a period exceeding three days; (b) in respect of any injury, not resulting in death or permanent total disablement, caused by an accident which is directly attributable to - (i) the workman having been at the time thereof under the influence of drink or drugs, or (ii) the willful disobedience of the workman to an order expressly given, or to a rule expressly framed, for the purpose of securing the safety of workmen, or (iii) the willful removal or disregard by the workman of any safety guard or other device which he knew to have been provided for the purpose of securing the safety of workmen.  Section 151. (1) Amount of Compensation: Subject to the provisions of this Act, the amount of compensation shall be as follows, namely :- (a) where death results an amount equal to fifty from the injury cent of the monthly wages of the deceased workman multiplied by the relevant factor; or an amount of fifty thousand rupees, whichever is more; (b) where permanent total an amount equal to disablement results from sixty the injury per cent of the monthly wages of the injured workman multiplied by the relevant. 2.1.12. Bangladesh National Building Code, 2006 2.1.12.a. Demolition of Structure BNBC sets guideline for demolition of structure. The highlights of the guideline are as follows:  At planning stage, detailed survey and study shall be carried out before demolishing the structure.  A written notice will be delivered to the adjoining property holder.  Required pedestrian precaution should be taken into account before commencing the demolition  All utility lines will be disconnected and the sequence of demolition will be maintained as mentioned in the BNBC  The owner will provide compensation for all damages and loss of life. 2.1.12.b. Occupational Health & Safety Bangladesh National Building Code-BNBC (Part-7, Chapter-1) clearly sets out the constructional responsibilities according to which the relevant authority of a particular construction site shall adopt some precautionary measures to ensure the safety of the workmen. According to section 1.2.1 of chapter 1 of part 7, “In a construction or demolition work, the terms of contract between the owner and the contractor and between a consultant and the owner shall be clearly defined and make written document. These however will not absolve the owner from any of his responsibilities under the various provisions of this Code and other applicable regulations and bye-laws. The terms of contract between the owner and 9 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj the contractor will determine the responsibilities and liabilities of either party in the concerned matters, within the provisions of the relevant Acts and Codes (e.g.) the Employers' Liability Act, 1938, the Factories Act 1965, the Fatal Accident Act, 1955 and Workmen's Compensation Act 1923”. (After the introduction of the Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, these Acts have been repealed). Section 1.4.1 of chapter-1, part-7 of the BNBC, states the general duties of the employer to the public as well as workers. According to this section, “All equipments and safeguards required for the construction work such as temporary stair, ladder, ramp, scaffold, hoist, run way, barricade, chute, lift etc shall be substantially constructed and erected so as not to create any unsafe situation for the workmen using them or the workmen and general public passing under, on or near them”. Part-7, Chapter-3 of the Code has clarified the issue of safety of workmen during construction and with relation to this, set out the details about the different safety tools of specified standard. In relation with the health hazards of the workers during construction, this chapter describes the nature of the different health hazards that normally occur in the site during construction and at the same time specifies the specific measures to be taken to prevent such health hazards. According to this chapter, exhaust ventilation, use of protective devices, medical checkups etc. are the measures to be taken by the particular employer to ensure a healthy workplace for the workers. To prevent workers falling from heights, the Code in section 3.7.1 to 3.7.6 of chapter 3 of part 7 sets out the detailed requirements on the formation and use of scaffolding. According to section 3.9.2 of the same chapter, “every temporary floor openings shall either have railing of at least 900 mm height or shall be constantly attended. Every floor hole shall be guarded by either a railing with toe board or a hinged cover. Alternatively, the hole may be constantly attended or protected by a removable railing. Every stairway floor opening shall be guarded by railing at least 900 mm high on the exposed sides except at entrance to stairway. Every ladder way floor opening or platform shall be guarded by a guard railing with toe board except at entrance to opening. Every open sided floor or platform 1.2 meters or more above adjacent ground level shall be guarded by a railing on all open sides except where there is entrance to ramp, stairway or fixed ladder the above precautions shall also be taken near the open edges of the floors and the roofs”. The major challenge is the proper implementation of the Code as section 2.1 of chapter 2 of part 1 duly states that, “The Government shall establish a new or designate an existing agency responsible for the enforcement of this Code with a given area of jurisdiction. For the purpose of administering and enforcing the provisions of the Code, the enforcing agency shall have the authority of the Government and shall herein be referred to as the Authority.” Part 9, 1.2.1 states that if the land is changed and the occupants of the area are against the change, no change in use of an existing building will be allowed. 2.1.13. National Agricultural Policy, 2010 The overall objective of the National Agriculture Policy is to make the nation self-sufficient in food through increasing production of all crops including cereals and ensure a dependable 10 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj food security system for all. One of the specific objectives of National Agricultural Policy is to take necessary steps to ensure environmental protection as well as ‘environment-friendly sustainable agriculture’ through increased use of organic manure and strengthening of the integrated pest management program. The policy identifies that the available technologies for agricultural production is not sufficient to cope with the unfavorable environment (climate change, flood, drought, storm, salinity, pest and diseases, river erosion). The policy also suggests creating awareness so that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used for increased crop production do not turn out to be responsible for environmental pollution. Water logging and salinity are identified as one of the serious problem in some parts of the country including the coastal areas for agricultural activities and environmental damage. The policy recommends for crop rotation and salt tolerant crop varieties. 2.1.14. National Food Policy, 2006 The goal of the food policy is to ensure a dependable food security system for all people of the country at all times. The objectives of the food policy are: Objective-1: to ensure adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food; Objective-2: to enhance purchasing power of the people for increased food accessibility; and Objective-3: to ensure adequate nutrition for all (especially women and children). Policy 1.2.2.1 of National Food Policy, 2006 states the Development of private sector food grain storage and movement system. The storage facilities presently available in the private sector are not suitable for long-term storage of grain and other food commodities. For this, construction of warehouses of scientific standard specifications is necessary. The government policy should be to encourage the process by amending and simplifying banking regulations on credit facilities to private sector entrepreneurs for construction of appropriate commodity specific warehouses, cold storages and acquiring transportation vehicles for freightage. To promote development of storage and movement system of food commodities in the private sector, the Government will:  allow unrestricted movement of foodstuff in the country; and  ensure credit facilities to develop storage structures in appropriate places. Under the Public food grain stock (Policy 1.3.2) the stated major objective of the public food distribution system is to supply required quantity of grain to the food-assisted development and income transfer programs for the poor, who are unable to purchase minimum required quantity of food from the market at prevailing market prices. In addition to maintaining working stock of food grains to operate various food-based safety net programs, the Government also maintains a security reserve to cope for emergency needs during disasters. In order to handle uncertainties of import arrival and emergency off take requirements, the Government has decided to maintain a public stock of 1.0 million tons of food grains. Policy 2.1 Transitory shock management highlights on emergency preparedness. Emergency preparedness is needed to alleviate the transitory food insecurity caused by floods, cyclones and other natural disasters that often occur in Bangladesh. Emergency relief programs are 11 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj operated to mitigate the distress of the affected people. To satisfy the emergency distribution needs public food grain stocks equal to three months of emergency demand along with a relief system to distribute food, clean water, medicines and other essentials are being maintained. In addition, the required level of minimum public food grain stocks should be reviewed annually considering the changing situations in domestic and global markets coupled with disaster proneness. According to 2.1.2, Emergency distribution from public stock, to provide for the emergency food needs of households in the disaster-affected areas, the policy of the Government is to:  ensure quick distribution of food in affected households in times of disaster;  hold enough food grain stocks to cover at least three months of emergency distribution need in addition to its normal working stock needed for the regular food-based programs; Strategy 3.5: Safe, quality food supply focuses on ensuring the quality of food at all levels of marketing (e.g. assembling, cleaning, sorting, processing and packaging). The following programs will be undertaken to ensure supply of safe and quality food through formulating new regulations by proper amendments of the existing ones and through encouraging the private sector initiatives:  formulation of uniform arrangement, development of testing techniques, setting of standards and their application and compulsory enforcement;  investment in development of packing or packaging and safe storage facilities;  increase laboratory facilities and impart practical knowledge for development of the quality of food and food products;  training for concerned officials and institutions in protecting the grades and standards of food products;  campaign for nutrition enhancing quality and safe food; and  develop and enforce appropriate regulatory mechanism to control indiscriminate use of harmful additives, preservatives and toxic elements in production and in the marketing chain for foodstuffs. 2.1.15. National Food Policy Plan of Action, 2008-2015 The National Food Policy Plan of Action (PoA) translated the provisions of the National Food Policy, 2006 towards achieving its three core objectives into 26 strategic area of intervention, priority actions to be undertaken in the short, medium and long term over the period 2008-2015. The policy mentioned that strengthened efforts to raise productivity and efficiency in food grain production, to support agricultural commercialization and diversification, in due consideration of environmental impacts (agricultural conservation), will be paramount. Actions are needed on many fronts, including agricultural technology development, input (seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and machinery) supply and access expansion, and, critically, rural financing, which currently stands far below rural producers’ 12 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj needs, especially those of small and marginal farmers. In line with MDG7 (Ensure environmental sustainability), environmental sustainability has been effectively mainstreamed into the NFP agricultural policy agenda for enhancing food supply and also biodiversity. 2.1.16. Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011 The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan provides a coherent set of priority investment programs to improve food security and nutrition in an integrated way. It is a comprehensive plan, builds on the existing framework, reflects the Government’s investment priorities and aims to: (i) plan and invest resources in a coordinated way; (ii) increase convergence and alignment of budget and external sources of funding, and; (iii) to mobilize additional resources. Proposed investments relate to strengthening physical, institutional and human capacities in the field of agriculture, water management, fisheries, livestock, agricultural marketing, food management, safety nets, and nutrition and food safety. 2.2. World Bank’s Environmental Safeguard Policies The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. Safeguard policies provide a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and act as an important instrument for building ownership among local populations. The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programs supported by the Bank has substantially increased as a result of attention to these policies. The World Bank has ten environmental, social, and legal safeguard policies. The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. This policy is considered to be the umbrella policy for the Bank's environmental "safeguard policies" which among others include: Natural Habitats (OP 4.04), Forests (OP 4.36), Pest Management (OP 4.09), Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11), and Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). Operational Policies (OP) are the statement of policy objectives and operational principles including the roles and obligations of the Borrower and the Bank, whereas Bank Procedures (BP) is the mandatory procedures to be followed by the Borrower and the Bank. The complete list of policies is given below and the Environment and Social policies are discussed. Environmental Policies  OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment  OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats  OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management  OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources  OP/BP 4.36 Forests  OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams 13 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Social Policies  OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples  OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Legal Policies  OP/BP 7.50 International Waterways  OP/BP 7.60 Disputed Areas In addition to the 10 safeguard policies, BP 17.5 exists as the Bank Disclosure Policy, which also relates to safeguards. Bank disclosure Policy supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. The policy requires disclosure in both English and Local language before project appraisal and must meet the World Bank standards. 2.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Environmental Assessment is the umbrella safeguard policy to identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental and social impacts associated with Bank lending operations. In World Bank operations, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted. EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, sitting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples and physical cultural resources); and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA and the Bank advises the borrower on the Bank's EA requirements. The Bank classifies the proposed project into three major categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Category A: The proposed project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. Category B:The proposed project’s potential adverse environmental impacts on human population or environmentally important areas-including wetlands, forests, grasslands, or other natural habitats- are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are 14 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj site specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than Category A projects. Category C:The proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. 2.2.2 OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats The conservation of natural habitats is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions in its economic and sector work, project financing, and policy dialogue. The Bank supports, and expects borrowers to apply, a precautionary approach to natural resource management to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. 2.2.3 OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management To manage pests that affect either agriculture or public health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. In Bank- financed projects, the borrower addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessment. In appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank assesses the capacity of the country's regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. As necessary, the Bank and the borrower incorporate in the project components to strengthen such capacity. The Bank uses various means to assess pest management in the country and support integrated pest management and the safe use of agricultural pesticides: economic and sector work, sectoral or project-specific environmental assessments, participatory IPM assessments, and investment projects and components aimed specifically at supporting the adoption and use of IPM. In Bank-financed agriculture operations, pest populations are normally controlled through IPM approaches, such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest. The procurement of any pesticide in a Bank-financed project is contingent on an assessment of the nature and degree of associated risks, taking into account the proposed use and the intended user. With respect to the classification of pesticides and their specific formulations, the Bank refers to the World Health Organization's Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO 1994-95). 2.2.4 OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources Physical cultural resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Physical cultural resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic and social development, and as 15 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj integral parts of a people's cultural identity and practices. The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it finances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower's national legislation, or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The borrower addresses impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank financing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. 2.2.5 OP/BP 4.36 Forests Forest is defined as an area of land of not less than 1.0 hectare with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 percent that have trees with the potential to reach a minimum height of 2 meters at maturity in situ. A forest may consist of either closed forest formations, where trees of various stories and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground, or open forest. The definition includes forests dedicated to forest production, protection, multiple uses, or conservation, whether formally recognized or not. The definition excludes areas where other land uses not dependent on tree cover predominate, such as agriculture, grazing or settlements. In countries with low forest cover, the definition may be expanded to include areas covered by trees that fall below the 10 percent threshold for canopy density, but are considered forest under local conditions. The Bank's forests policy aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourage economic development. The Bank assists borrowers with the establishment and sustainable management of environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable forest plantations to help meet growing demands for forest goods and services. 2.3 Environment, Health & Safety Guidelines The Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities or project by existing technology at reasonable costs. These Guidelines will be applicable to the Project particularly with respect to air emissions, ambient air and noise quality standards, waste water quality, hazardous material and waste management, and occupational and community health and safety management. They contain performance levels and measures that are considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs using existing technologies. Table 2.1 shows the EHS guidelines of World Bank. 16 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Table 2.1: EHS Guidelines of World Bank Environmental The Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) These Guidelines will be Health and Safety Guidelines contain the performance levels and applicable to the Project Guidelines measures that are generally considered to be particularly with respect to air achievable in new facilities or project by existing emissions, ambient air and technology at reasonable costs. noise quality standards, waste water quality, hazardous material and waste management, and occupational and community health and safety management. Environmental, The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Relevant as the project Health, and Guidelines are technical reference documents includes provision of Safety Guidelines with general and industry-specific examples of improved navigation routes PORTS, Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). and terminal facilities. MP HARBORS, and When one or more members of the World Bank section of the ESIA report has TERMINALS Group are involved in a project, these EHS been dedicated to mitigate Guidelines are applied as required by their adverse impact due to the respective policies and standards. These industry proposed intervention. sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the General EHS Guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry- sector guidelines may be necessary. The EHS Guidelines for Ports, Harbors, and Terminals are applicable to commercial ports, harbors, and terminals for cargo and passengers transfer. Shipping (including repair and maintenance of ships), fuel terminals, or railways are addressed in separate industry sector EHS Guidelines, specifically the EHS Guidelines for Shipping, Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Storage, Railways, respectively. The EHS The EHS Guidelines for Shipping include Broadly applicable as the Guidelines for information relevant to the operation and project provides improved Shipping maintenance of ships used for the transport of navigation routes and bulk cargo, and goods. Cargo handling, vessel terminal facilities. The EMP maintenance, and other in-port activities are is prepared to address covered under the EHS Guidelines for Ports and mitigation measures due to Harbors while issues specific to the transfer and proposed interventions. storage of bulk fuels are covered in the EHS Guidelines for Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Terminals. 17 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 2.4 Social Policies & Legislation of Bangladesh 2.4.1 General Description Infrastructure development projects using lands in Bangladesh is designed and implemented under the legislative and regulatory framework to compensate the affected persons due to land acquisition using the power of eminent domain. Whenever it appears to the Government that any property in any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose or in the public interest, the property is acquired using power of eminent domain. Land acquisition is governed by the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 (Ordinance II of 1982). The ordinance supersedes earlier laws including the Land Acquisition Law of 1894 and others that have been in force between 1947 and 1982. In addition to the Ordinance, acquisition of any land or forest area, in Chittagong Hill-Tracts (CHT) districts require consent under the Chittagong Hill-Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation 1958, the CHT Regional Council Act 1998 and the Forest Act (1927). There is no national policy in Bangladesh governing social effects of infrastructure development projects on the project area communities. However, the Constitution of Bangladesh and the national development strategy (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2005-2009) provides some rights to the affected persons, communities and groups those are not upheld in the Ordinance II of 1982, the instrument followed for land acquisition. The active instruments under the legislative and regulatory framework in Bangladesh are discussed hereunder. 2.4.2 Constitution of Bangladesh The fundamental rights under the Constitution indicate the general guidelines for a policy on resettlement/rehabilitation of citizens adversely affected (whatever be the mechanism) due to any activity of the State. Article 40 of the constitution states categorically that every citizen has the right to practice any lawful occupation which implies that anything that impedes such right (a) should not be done or (b) there should be supplementary measures to make good the losses incurred by the citizen. Resettlement and rehabilitation of adversely affected people due to infrastructure projects very clearly falls within this requirement for supplementary measures. However, as per Article 42, sub-clause 2, no law with provision of compensation for acquisition of land can be challenged in a court on the ground that such compensation has been inadequate. 2.4.3 The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 This Ordinance is the basic instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh. It is restricted to “legal” owners of property as supported by records of ownership such as deeds, title or agreements to compensating for land as well as any business, structure, trees and crops on the land. The owners of acquired land receive cash compensation at market value with a premium of 50 per cent on the assessed price. The law specifies methods for calculation of market value of property based on recorded prices obtained from relevant Government departments such as Registrar (land), Public Works Department (structures), Department of Forest (trees), Department of Agriculture (crops) and Department of Fisheries (fish stock). 18 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj The Ministry of Land (MOL) is authorized to deal with land acquisition. The MOL delegates some of its authority to the Commissioner at Divisional level and to the Deputy Commissioner at the District level. The Deputy Commissioners (DCs) are empowered by the MOL to process land acquisition under the Ordinance and pay compensation to the legal owners of the acquired property. Khas (government owned land) lands should be acquired first when a project requires both khas and private land. If a project requires only khas land, the land will be transferred through an inter-ministerial meeting following the acquisition proposal submitted to DC or MOL as the case may be. The DC is empowered to acquire a maximum of 50 standard bigha (6.75 ha) of land without any litigation where the Divisional Commissioner is involved for approval. Acquisition of land more than 50 standard bigha is approved from the central land allocation committee (CLAC) headed by the chief executive of the Government of Bangladesh proposed by the MOL. The land owner needs to establish ownership by producing record-of-rights in order to be eligible for compensation under the law. The record of rights prepared under Section 143 or 144 of the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950 (revised 1994) are not always updated and as a result legal land owners have faced difficulties trying to “prove” ownership. The affected person (AP) has also to produce rent receipt or receipt of land development tax, but this does not assist in some situations as a person is exempted from payment of rent if the area of land is less than 25 bighas (3.37 ha). 2.4.4 The East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950 (Revised, 1994) The State Acquisition and Tenancy Act (Sections 86 & 87) also define the ownership and use right of alluvion (payosti or reformation in situ or original site) and diluvion land (nadisikosti) in the country. In legal terms, eroded lands (sikosti) inside the alluvion-diluvion (AD) line (i.e. including submerged land or underwater land) are considered khas land once declared by concerned Deputy Commissioner (DC) demarcating the AD Line. However, the "original" owner(s) can claim the land if it reappears through natural process within 30 years. The original private owners cannot claim any eroded land if developed by the government through land filling for use in public purpose. 2.4.5 Constitutional Right of the Tribal Peoples Rights In the context of People’s Republic of Bangladesh, the Constitution of Bangladesh does not mention the existence of the cultural and ethnic minorities in Bangladesh. The only protective provision for the ethnic minorities that the policy makers often refer to in the context is Article 28 (4) which states that: Nothing shall prevent the state from making special provision in favour of women and children or for the advancement of any backward section of the citizens. The above provision is an ambiguous one and it does not define who or what constitutes "backward". However, the Government recognizes existence of “tribal peoples” and the need for special attention and in general tribal people are essentially viewed as backward, poor and socio-economically & culturally inferior. Towards this end a special program was initiated in 1996-97 by the Prime Minister’s Secretariat aimed at improving the socio-economic situation of the indigenous people of Bangladesh, resident outside the Chittagong Hill Tracts. 19 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 2.4.6 The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1990 The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1900 (Regulation I of 1900) is the regulatory framework for State sovereignty over the traditional rights of the tribal peoples living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) region.4 They are governed through Revenue Circle Chiefs5 who are local revenue collectors vide an amalnama (authorization by the Government). The Deputy Commissioner and the Commissioner from the Central Government reserve the authority to settle land to the hill-men or non-hill residents or lease out land (non- transferable) for rubber plantation or establishing industries in the CHTs. The regulation provides the right to possessing plough cultivable land up to 5 acres by hill men or non-hill residents. The headman is responsible for the conservation of the resources of his mouza through exercising his authority to (i) prohibit the removal of forest produces by residents of respective mouzas other than for their domestic purposes or by non-residents for any purpose, (ii) exclude any area or areas in his mouzas from the jhuming (shifting cultivation), (iii) prevent new comers from cutting jhums in his mouza, and (iv) prevent a person from grazing cattle in his mouza. 2.4.7 The Chittagong Hill Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation, 1958 The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region has been enjoying the status of a special region since British period. Most of the land in CHT belongs to the Government either as reserve forest or as unclassified state forest. The CHT Regulation I of 1900 was the sole legal instrument for the governance and administration of the Hill Tracts. Under the regulation, the DC could resume land even though settlement of the same might have been given earlier. The rule prescribed payment of compensation for various interests as in the case of land acquisition. It was expedient to provide for the acquisition of land in CHT the Government made the Chittagong Hill-Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation, 1958. This regulation has provision for payment of compensation for requisitioned property. The compensation may be fixed by agreement or by rules framed on this behalf. 2.4.8 The CHT Regional Council Act, 1998 The National Parliament of Bangladesh in 24 May 1998 passed the Peach Accord 1997 as the “Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council Act, 1998 (Act 12 of 1998). In addition to re- establishing peace, the Accord recognized the ethnic people’s right to land, culture, language, and religion. The Accord set out detailed provisions for strengthening the system of self- governance in the CHT, and redressing the most urgent land-related problems including resolution of land disputes by a commission on land, the transfer of authority for land administration to the hill district councils (HDCs), the cancellation of lease granted to non- residents during the conflict period, the distribution of land to ethnic or “tribal” villages, and the strengthening of customary land rights. Within the meaning of the Act 12 of 1998, no lands, hills and forests within the control and jurisdiction of the HDCs shall be acquired or transferred by the government without consultation and consent of the Regional Council. No law will be executed in the region which is not developed and enacted in consultation and agreement with the tribal peoples in 20 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj CHT. A ministry on CHT Affairs was established by appointing a Minister from among the tribal communities of hill districts. An Advisory Council from the CHT region assists this ministry. However, there is a demand for extending the scope of the CHT Affairs Ministry to include the tribal peoples in other areas of the country. 2.4.9 Ethnic Minority Rights in PRSP, 2005 Relevant strategic suggestions in the PRSP 2005 to preserve the cultural, social and economic identity and interests of the ethnic populations in and outside CHT are as follows:  Effective recognition of ethnic minority communities and their specific needs in all relevant government policies and programs towards improving the socio-economic conditions of these communities.  Proper actions for protecting the rights of ethnic minority people, particularly their rights to land and forests.  Transfer of land administration in CHT to the hill districts councils in accordance with the ‘Hill District Councils Acts of 1989’.  Provide education to ethnic minority people with a curriculum that allows learning in their own language at the primary level.  Strengthen their competence in job markets through affirmative action's at higher levels of education and skill training to promote their inclusion in mainstream economic life.  Scale-up efforts to provide health care, clean water and sanitation facilities to ethnic minority areas in general and to the more disadvantaged groups among them in particular.  Increase and utilize property the fund available in the Prime Minister’s office for the development of the ethnic minority people of the plane lands.  Provide wider access to electrification and telecommunications for ethnic minority communities, particularly in the Hill Tracts. 2.4.10 GOB Laws and Land Acquisition The principle legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh is the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982(Ordinance II of 1982 with amendments up to 1994) and other land laws and administrative manuals relevant to land administration in Bangladesh. According to the Ordinance, whenever it appears to the Government of Bangladesh that any property in any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose or in the public interest, the Government can acquire the land provided that no property used by the public for the purpose of religious worship, graveyard and cremation ground. The 1982 Ordinance requires that compensation be paid for (i) land and assets permanently acquired (including standing crops, trees, houses); and (ii) any other damages caused by such acquisition. The Deputy Commissioner (DC) determines (a) market 21 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj value of acquired assets on the date of notice of acquisition (based on the registered value of similar property bought and/or sold in the area over the preceding 12 months), and (b) 50% premium on the assessed value (other than crops) due to compulsory acquisition. The 1994 amendment made provisions for payment of crop compensation to tenant cultivators. Given that people devalue land during title transfer to minimize tax payment, compensation for land paid by DC including premium largely remains less than the actual market price. 2.5 World’s Bank Social Safeguard Policy 2.5.1 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) The WB’s experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate these impoverishment risks. The overall objectives of the Policy are given below.  Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs.  Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. 2.5.2 Indigenous People (OP 4.10) For purposes of this policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees:7 The tribal peoples living in the Chittagong Hill Tract districts and some scattered in the plain districts as well are indigenous peoples as per their cultural distinction. The OP defines the process to be followed if the project affects the tribal people. The tribal peoples are indigenous as they have  self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others;  collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; 22 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and  an indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country or region. 2.6 Implication of National Policies and Legislations on this Project The Categorization list mentioned in ECR’97 is performed based on the activity. There is no direct mention of the category for Modern Food Grain Silo in ECR’97. However, cold storage is categorized as “Orange B” under ECR’97. Therefore the project is considered as “Orange B”. The project is aimed to construct modern food grain storage silo which will involve demolishing of existing structure and construction of silo during the construction period. DG Food is responsible for carrying out Initial Environmental Examination, developing Environmental Management Plan and obtaining No Objection Certificate, site clearance and environmental clearance certificate. 2.7 Implication of Environmental Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project The project has been considered as a Category B project, due to the risk associated with the extent of foundation construction, construction of super structure from prefabricated steel sheet, knocking down of existing godowns, environmental and occupation health and safety during project operation. The Project has triggered only one environmental safeguard policy for environmental assessment (OP/BP 4.01). The Silo will introduce modern cooling facilities which will reduce the existence of rodents and insecticides. Chiller system will be used during the operation phase of the Silo for temperature control and Nitrogen gas for disinfection. Nitrogen gas (in between emptying and uploading the bins) which will be in mechanized and automated system and there is no chance of creating any problem to the workers. As per Bank requirement, the borrower needs to consult project-affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations about the project's environmental aspects and takes their views into account. The borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. In addition, the borrower consults with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EA-related issues that affect them. 2.8 Implication of Social Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project The legislatives and regulatory framework is not adequate to deal with the adverse impacts associated with land acquisition and involuntary displacement of peoples for project purpose. The law does not cover project-affected persons without title and does not ensure replacement value of the property acquired. The law does not initiate any measure for restoration of livelihoods of the affected persons. As a result, land acquisition potentially diminishes productive base of affected farm families which is against the spirit of the Bank policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12). 23 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Specific to the project, no land will need to be acquired and no resettlement will need to be carried out in the first phase construction. However, in subsequent construction phase(s), the government may like to acquire private land and/or public land from private uses. The acts therefore, trigger the Bank OP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement. No tribal people are existent in and around the sites reviewed for the project. Therefore the Bank OP 4.10 is not triggered to the project. However, if such groups are identified during the detailed engineering design, the proponents will select to drop the site from construction. 24 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1. Location of the Project The Ashuganj Concrete Silo Campus for construction of a steel silo for rice storage is situated within the Chittagong division (at the extreme north of administrative division). The Ashuganj Silo is located about 75 km north-east of Dhaka and near the eastern bank of the river Meghna. The site is situated parallel to the Dhaka-Chittagong railway line that passes over the river Meghna. There is a railway land with planned tree plantation between the railway and the Silo campus. The silo and the ancillary facilities are surrounded by boundary wall. At the back side of the wall, private lands are there cultivated by the owners. To the left side of the campus, the river Meghna flows down. The campus is protected by boundary walls in all sides. The silos are to be constructed in the sight taking into consideration the advantage of its linkage with other parts of the country, particularly Dhaka, Chittagong and north east part of the country through river and rail transport. The location of proposed Ashuganj silo site in google earth is shown in Figure 3.1.The location map of proposed Ashuganj silo site in GIS is shown in Figure 3.2. 25 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 3.1: Location Map of the Ashuganj Silo Site in Google Earth 26 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 3.2: Location of Ashuganj Silo Site 27 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 3.2. Description of Project Works Total project works has been considered in two phases. In the first phase, the sub-project preparation works like; the boundary wall, site development by earth filling, office building etc. has been completed. In the second phase; main construction works like 30 nos. flat bottom prefabricated steel silo bins and silo related ancillary works as well as interventions will be constructed/ installed. Design and estimates of the silo bins and ancillary works has been completed and awaiting for the engagement of contractors, for construction works. A preliminary layout plan is given in Figure 3.3.The following interventions will be constructed under Ashuganj sub-project. 1. Main gate & sub gate (6.7m & 2m) 2. Guard house (2a, 2b: 4x5.5m) 3. TSLW house (17x18m) 3.1 Truck scale 3.2 Sampling house 3.3 Laboratory house 3.4 Weight control 4. Trucks parking 5. Bulk truck receiving (40x26m) 6. Fortified kernel receiving(8x16.4m) & buffer bin d7.32m 7. Control room (9.5x11.2m) 8. Bucket elevator tower (8a: 6x8.4m, 8b: 6.2x10m) 9. Steel silo bins, 30 numbers, capacity each 3,500mt (d16.45m, h23.13m) 10. Bagging & loading house (24x42m) 11. Jetty(access bridge: 11x126m, loading bridge: 14x126m) 12. Wagon bagging & loading house (17x40m) 13. Empty gunny bag godown (15x31m) 14. Workshop cum store (14x30m) 15. Substation (10x20m) 16. Ansars barrack 24 persons (18.8x35.5m) 17. Dormitory for support staff (7.8x51.8m) 18. Dormitory for officer (9x20.2m) 19. Car parking (6x18m) 20. Inspection bungalow (14.4x16.8m) 21. Silo office (6x25.65m) 22. Canteen (7x18m) 23. Public toilet (5x8m) 24. Scrap godown (14x30m) 25. Firefighting pump house (5x10m) 26. Firefighting water tank 200 m3 (10x10m) 27. New railway 28. Running water deep drill well (5x5m) 29. Steel structures support for conveyors 29.1 On top steel silos 29.2 From BTR to BET 29.3 From BLH to JETTY 28 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 3.3: Layout Plan of Ashuganj Silo Site 29 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 3.3. Existing Structure The total area of land under the ownership and control of the DG-Food as well as Ashuganj Silo authority is 39.00 acres. Out of total 39.00 acres of land, 23.50 acres of land was within the old boundary wall (concrete silo area) and 15.50 acres of land was outside the boundary wall and this land was low lying areas surrounding the old Concrete Silo Campus. In the preparatory stage of Modern Silo project, this 15.50 acres of land has been developed and a new boundary wall has been constructed around this 15.50 acres of land. Now, the total 39.00 acres of land is fully within the boundary walls. There was no authorized or unauthorized occupancy within this 15.50 acres of land. The site has concrete silo, office & residential buildings and the road connection passing through the site from east to west. Inside the boundary wall, there is a designated block called garden where planned plantation was made. Close to the entry gate of the campus, there is almost a vacant space which is 400 feet long and 96 feet wide. The space has a dilapidated and unused structure (it was used for accommodation of laborers during initial construction) and few haphazardly grown up timber trees. The summary of Ashuganj silo area is presented in Table-3.1. Figure 3.4 below shows the proposed silo site. Figure 3.4: Proposed Silo Site 30 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Table 3.1: Summary of the existing and proposed Structures of Ashuganj Silo Area Description Existing Proposed/ Developed Total Silo Campus 39.00 acres-whole DG- 15.50 acres of land surrounding the old Food area out of which concrete silo campus. This 15.50 acres of 23.50 acres within old land has been developed, during preparatory Concrete Silo boundary and phase, to build new steel silo bins and the rest 15.50 acres outside related ancillary works. the boundary wall Coverage of existing 23.50 acre occupied by the 15.50 acres of land has been developed and Concrete Silo and existing/old concrete silo new boundary wall has been constructed in MFSP silo facilities campus. the preparatory phase and the site is now ready for the construction of steel silo bins and related ancillary works. Existing and Proposed Structures Total units of One integrated concrete 30 nos. steel silo bins and ancillary facilities Storage Structure structure. will be constructed under MFSP. Storage capacity 50,000 MT 105000 MT Useable capacity Full 50,000 MT 105,000 MT Staff Residential unit 02 Silo Manager and Assistant Manager' residential units will be constructed. Other structure Guard rooms, Jetty at the One permanent office building has already river bank, bagging unit, been constructed. Some other residential conveyer belt etc. units will be constructed, including some ancillary structures. 3.4. Construction of Steel Silos There are thirty nos. of steel silo bins will be constructed under this project. Each silo capacity for storage is 3500 MT. There are lot of equipment will be used during silos operation like belt conveyor, bagging station, chiller etc. The speed control time is 120 t/h. The total capacity of storage will be 1,05,000MT. A preliminary steel silos' design is shown in Figure 3.5. 31 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 3.5: Preliminary design of steel silos 3.5. Implementation Schedule DG Food is now intending to proceed with the implementation of the construction of silos project with the financial assistance of World Bank in order to meet the increasing food demand in Bangladesh. The Project Implementation Schedule that the Study Team has assumed is shown below. Sl. Year-1 (months) Year-2 Activities no. 1-4 5-8 9-12 1-4 5-8 9-12 Design, drawing, bid 1 documents tendering, contractor selection etc. Foundation works for 2 silos and ancillary works Superstructures and all 3 other ancillary works Post operation testing 4 and commissioning 32 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Climate Although less than half of Bangladesh lies within the tropics, the presence of the Himalaya mountain range has created a tropical macroclimate across most of the east Bengal land mass. Bangladesh can be divided into seven climatic zones (Rashid 1991). According to the classification, the project area is located in the South-central climatic zone (Figure 4.1). South-Central Zone: In this zone rainfall is abundant, being above 1,900 mm. The range of temperature is, as can be expected, much less than to the west, but somewhat more than in South-eastern zone. This is a transitory zone between the South-eastern, North-western and South-western zones and most of the severe hail storms, nor'westers and tornadoes are recorded in this area. Like other parts of the country, the project area is heavily influenced by the Asiatic monsoon, and it has these three distinct seasons:  Pre-monsoon hot season (from March to May),  Rainy monsoon season (from June to October), and  Cool dry winter season (from November to February). The pre-monsoon hot season is characterized by high temperatures and thunderstorms. April is the hottest month in the country with mean temperatures ranging from 27°C in the east and south, to 31°C in the west-central part of the country. After April, increasing cloud-cover reduces the temperature. Wind direction is variable during this season, especially during the early part. Rainfall, mostly caused by thunderstorms, at this time can account for 10 to 25 percent of the annual total. The rainy monsoon season is characterized by southerly or south-westerly winds, very high humidity, heavy rainfall and long periods of consecutive days of rainfall. The monsoon rain is caused by a tropical depression that enters the country from the Bay of Bengal. About 80% of the annual precipitation occurs during the five-month monsoon season from May to September. The cool dry season is characterized by low temperatures, cool air blowing from the west or northwest, clear skies and meager rainfall. The average temperature in January varies from 17°C in the northwest and north-eastern parts of the country to 20°C to 21°C in the coastal areas. Minimum temperatures in the extreme northwest in late December and early January reach between 3°C to 4°C. 33 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.1: Climatic Zones of project area 34 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.1.1 Temperature Long-term average monthly temperature data (1987-2013) collected at Comilla weather station of Bangladesh Meteorological Department. The highest average recorded temperature in this weather station was 32.8°C in May. The lowest average recorded temperature was found in the month of January which was 12°C. Both of the average monthly temperature graphs show that this area faces high temperature from March to June and lowest temperature during winter remains from December to February in the year. Average Monthly Minimum and Maximum Temperature in Comilla Station (1987-2013) 35 30 Temperature °C 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Min. Temp. 12 15.5 19.8 22.8 24.2 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.3 23.5 18.5 13.5 Max. Temp. 23.8 27.8 30.9 32.6 32.8 32 31.4 31.9 32.0 31.6 29.6 26.5 Figure 4.2: Average Monthly Maximum & Minimum Temperature 4.1.1.2 Rainfall The rainfall data collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Comilla station represents that maximum rainfall occurs during June to September and the lowest rainfall occurs in November to February during winter season. Statistical data of 1987 to 2013 shows that Comilla station experiences almost 397.3 mm rainfall during monsoon. In the month of December and January of winter season around 10 mm rainfall occurred in the region of Comilla weather station. 35 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.3: Average Monthly Total Rainfall in Comilla Station 4.1.1.3 Humidity Humidity remains high in summer and comparatively low in winter season. The statistical midity from 1987 to 2013 indicates that humidity in the above area maximized in data of humidity June to September in the year which ranges from 86% to 86.5%. On the other hand, humidity Comilla falls around 75% in January, February and March during the winter season in the Comill station area of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (Figure 4.4). Figure 4.4: Average Monthly Relative Humidity in Comilla Station 4.1.1.4 Wind Speed The statistical wind speed data from 1987 to 2013 (Figure 4.5) shows that average wind speed remained maximum with 2.29mps in June. The minimum wind speed was 0.62mps in the month of December in the area of Comilla weather station. 36 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.5: Average Monthly Wind Speed in Comilla Station 4.1.1.5 Sunshine shows that average sunshine The statistical sunshine data from 1987 to 2013 (Figure 4.6) shows remained maximum with 7.86 hours in February. The minimum sunshine was 4.64 hours in the month of July in the area of Ashuganj weather station of Bangladesh Meteorological stored for a period of time before it Department. Once a crop is harvested, it may have to be stored can be marketed or used as feed. The length of time crop can be safely stored will depend on the condition it was harvested and the type of storage facility being utilized. The sunshine is drying. very much required for crop dryi ng. Lower moisture content and lower temperature can be kept food in storage for longer periods of time. This impact is related with the operation of silos. Figure 4.6: Average Monthly Sunshine in Comilla Station 37 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.1.6 Cloud Coverage rage data from 1987 to 2013 (Figure 4.7) shows that average cloud The statistical cloud coverage coverage remained maximum from 5 octas to 6.5octas during June to August. The minimum cloud coverage was 1.04octas in the month of December in the area of Comilla weather sh Meteorological Department. station of Bangladesh Figure 4.7: Average Monthly Cloud Coverage in Comilla Station 4.1.2 Noise Level Excessive noise is a potential issue for both human and biological receivers and can potentially cause a range of negative issues, from mild annoyance and moderately elevated levels of aggression to significant disturbance of behavioral patterns and in severe cases temporary or permanent hearing loss. According to World Health Organization’s Guidelines for Community Noise (1999), daily sound pressure levelslevels of 50 decibels (dB) or above can create discomfort amongst humans, while ongoing exposure to sound pressure levels over 85 dB is usually considered the critical level for temporary hearing damage. details Results of the noise level monitored along with detail s of the sampling locations have been showed in Table 4.1. The results show that time weighted average value of the sound monitored at inside and outside of the project area did not exceed the standard fixed for the respective areas. 38 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.8: Noise Level Monitoring in the Project Area Table 4.1: Noise Level at Different Locations of Project Area ID Sampling GPS Zone* Noise Level Bangladesh Remarks Location Location Day Standard (dB dB (A) (A) ** NM-01 Project Site 24.03886°N Commercial 49.40 70 Good 90.99624°E Area NM-02 Project Site 24.03862°N Commercial 47.93 70 Good 90.99655°E Area NM-03 Project Site 24.03806°N Commercial 45.43 70 Good 90.99698°E Area NM-04 Project Site 24.03806°N Commercial 44.97 70 Good 90.99717°E Area NM-05 Project Site 24.03731°N Commercial 49.94 70 Good 90.99795°E Area NM-06 Project Site 24.03761°N Commercial 52.12 70 Good 90.99746°E Area NM-07 Project Site 24.03887°N Commercial 46.63 70 Good 90.99586°E Area NM-08 Project Site 24.0392°N Commercial 56.01 70 Good 90.99547°E Area NM-09 Project Site 24.03986°N Commercial 53.38 70 Good 90.99546°E Area NM-10 Project Site 24.04006°N Commercial 52.94 70 Good 90.99681°E Area Note: * According to Environmental Quality Standard 1997 and subsequent amendment in 2006. ** Bangladesh Standard Noise Level at different areas (Noise Pollution (Control Rules, 2006). The sound level at residential area-55 dBA and for commercial area 70 dBA (during day time) and that is 45 dBA (residential area), 40 dBA (silent area) and 60 dBA (commercial area) at night time. Abbreviation: NM- Noise Measurement, dB- decibel. 39 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.3 Physiography In the context of physiography, Bangladesh can be divided into three broad categories based on topography, physical features, and geological history (Brammer, 1996): 1. Floodplains 2. Terraces 3. Hills Within these 3 broad categories, a number of authors have further divided the land surface into a series of Physiographic Units based on a combination of topographical/landscape features, underlying geology and surface soils (Brammer, 1996, Rashid, 1991, Morgan and McIntyre, 1959). The most recent study was undertaken by the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) who further refined the previous classifications into 26 Physiographic Units (20 primary units and 6 sub-units) based on an assessment of more recent and detailed data (SRDI, 1997). The project area falls in the Middle Meghna Floodplain physiographic unit (Figure 4.9) Meghna floodplain is divided into four sub-regions: a) Middle Meghna floodplain, b) Lower Meghna floodplain, c) Old Meghna estuarine floodplain, and d) Young Meghna Estuarine floodplain. Middle Meghna Floodplain The main channel of the Meghna upstream from its junction with the Dhaleshwari and Ganges as far as Bhairab Bazar is known as the middle Meghna. The floodplain of this river occupies a low-lying landscape of broad islands and many broad meandering channels which formed part of the Brahmaputra before it abandoned this channel when it changed course into the Jamuna two centuries ago. The Meghna sediments are mainly silty and clays and sandy Brahmaputra sediments occur at the surface on some ridges in the north. Seasonal flooding from the Meghna is mainly deep. Basin sites are submerged early and drain late. 40 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.9: Physiographic Units of Project area 41 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.4 Topography Topography configuration of a land surface including its relief and contours, the distribution of mountains and valleys, the patterns of rivers, and all other features, natural and artificial, that produce the landscape. Although Bangladesh is a small country, it has considerable topographic diversity. It has three distinctive features: (i) a broad alluvial plain subject to frequent flooding, (ii) a slightly elevated relatively older plain, and (iii) a small hill region drained by flashy rivers. On the south, a highly irregular deltaic coastline of about 600 km fissured by many estuarine rivers and channels flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The alluvial plain is part of the larger plain of Bengal, which is sometimes called the Lower Gangetic Plain. Elevations of the plains are less than 10m above the sea level; elevation furthers decline to a near sea level in the coastal south. The general topography of the project area is relatively flat. The topography of the specific project location is 6.97 – 10.84m a.m.s.l (Figure 4.10). 42 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.10: Topographic Map of Bangladesh 43 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.5 Geology Bangladesh is situated to the east of the Indian sub-continental plate. Nearly 85% of Bangladesh is underlain by deltaic and alluvial deposits of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna river systems. The Hinge Zone is a narrow strip of about 25 km wide complex flexure zone, which separates the Bengal Fore deep from the shelf zone. It trends approximately N 30' E along the Calcutta-Pabna-Mymensingh gravity high and extends upto the western tip of Dauki fault. This zone is characterized by the sharp change in the dip of the basement rocks associated with deep-seated displacements in faults and is reflected on the gravity and magnetic anomalies. The Eocene limestone dips at about 20 in this zone as compared to 2-3 in the shelf zone. The seismic interpretation shows that the depth of the Sylhet Limestone - a strong seismic reflector - increases from 4000m to 9000m within a narrow zone of 25-km. During the subsurface interpretation of the south-eastern part of the West Bengal in India, a zone of flexure in the top of the Sylhet limestone was recognized which is the extension of the Hinge Zone in India. Hinge Zone is connected with Bengal Foredeep by deep basement faults that probably started with the breakup of Gondwanaland. Since then they have been repeatedly reactivated. In the northeast of Bangladesh the Hinge Zone turns to the east and seems to be connected with the Dauki Fault, probably by a series of east-west trending faults. [ASM Woobaidullah] Bengal Foredeep occupies the vast area between Hinge Line and ArakanYoma Folded System and plays the most important role in the tectonic history of Bengal Basin. Tectonically, Bengal Foredeep can be divided into two major regions- (a) Western Platform Flank and (b) Eastern Folded Flank. The Western Platform flank is further subdivided into (a) Faridpur Trough (b) Barisal-Chandpur High (c) Hatiya Trough (d) Madhupur High and (e) Sylhet Trough. Faridpur Trough situated adjacent to Hinge Zone is characterized by a general gravity low with development of Neogene sequence. Sylhet Limestone is 6500 m deep in area south of the confluence of the Padma and the Jamuna. Chalna and Bagerhat are the notable structural highs of very low amplitude. The generalized geological feature of the project area is shown in the geological map of Bangladesh (Figures 4.11). 44 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.11: Geology of Project area 45 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.6 Air quality There is no official record of secondary air quality data due to non-availability of a regular air quality monitoring program for ambient conditions or emissions. The samples were collected from the boundary of the north and south side of the proposed area. The present condition of the air quality is presented in the following Table 4.2 (Source ESAMF of MFSP). From the test results, it is found that SPM, CO, SOx and NOx of the ambient air in the sampling points are within the atmospheric environmental standards for the industrial and mixed. Table 4.2: Air Quality Monitoring Data Date Sampling Duration SPM CO SOx NOx dd/mm/yy point μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 12/12/12 North end 8 hours 350 650 20 48 12/12/12 South end 8 hours 380 635 24 45 Bangladesh Standard for Industrial 500 5000 120 100 and Mixed Source: Environmental Screening Report, Ashuganj, April 2015 4.1.7 Water Resources Bangladesh is located over a subsiding basin of tectonic origin overlain with a great thickness of sedimentary strata. This sedimentary stratum is an unconsolidated alluvial deposit of recent age overlaying marine sediments. The recent delta and alluvial plains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and the Meghna Rivers constitute the upper formation. The near surface Quaternary alluvium contains good aquifer characteristics (transmission and storage coefficients). The groundwater (GW) storage reservoir has three divisions: upper clay and silt layer, a middle composite aquifer (fine to very fine sand) and a main aquifer consisting of medium to coarse sand. Drinking water is generally taken from deep tube wells with strainers set between depths of 200 meters to around 400 meters (DPHE, 2011), especially for potable water. The Ground water level is at or very close to the surface during the monsoon; whereas, it is at maximum depth during the months of April and May (Banglapedia, 2014). The river network map is shown in Figure 4.12. 46 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.12: Water Body and River Network Map 47 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.7.1 Ground Water Though, arsenic is a problem in large part of Bangladesh ground water. The project area has no Arsenic problem in ground water. During consultation meeting with the local people, no arsenic affected person was identified. Figure 4.15 shows the arsenic contaminated areas in Bangladesh. Arsenic may contaminant any time in the ground water, so, the consultant addressed arsenic for this project. Figure 4.13 shows the water sample collection of ground water from an installed deep tube well. On October 11, 2016, groundwater sample was collected by environmental team from a tube well depth 190 ft in the project area, the sample was tested in the DPHE Laboratory and it was found that the concentration levels of all parameters are within the drinking water quality standard set by DoE (ECS'97) except BOD5 (the test results are shown in Appendix D and F). The test results are also shown in Table 4.3 As the ground water of the silo area is insufficient both in quality and quantity, at the beginning of construction works, the new Deep Tube Well has been proposed both for the laborers and construction works. The quality of water will have to be ensured before use. The provision of new tube well installation as well as for water quality testing has been set in the BOQ of new construction works. Figure 4.13: Ground Water Sampling and On-site Testing in the Project Location Table 4.3: Results for Groundwater Field Sample Parameter Unit Test value of the sample Test value of the Bangladesh Remark collected dated on sample collected dated Standard December, 2012 on October, 2016 Temperature °C 28.6 20-30 Ok Turbidity NTU 2.0 <10 Ok Color TCU 0.9 <15 Ok pH -- 7.6 6.5-8.5 Ok TDS mg/l Not tested during screening 730 <1000 Ok DO mg/l report 6.08 >5 Ok BOD mg/l 10 0.2 Not ok Fe mg/l 0.31 0.3-1 Ok Zn mg/l 5 Ok BOD mg/l 4.8 18 <6 Not ok Fe mg/l 0.15 0.65 2 Ok Zn mg/l 2.5 0.09 5 Ok Al mg/l 0.15 1.612 - Ok Source: Onsite test, Lab Analysis by DPHE and ESR-Ashuganj, April 2015 49 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.15: Arsenic Contaminated Zones of Bangladesh 50 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.8 Soil Quality The soil of the project area is yet not classified and does not fall any of the category of Bangladesh soil types. However, there are two categories of soil near the project location which includes the following (Figure 4.16) Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain soils: They have a cambic B-horizon, non-calcareous dark grey topsoil and subsoil. They occur extensively on the Old Brahmaputra and old Meghna estuarine floodplain. Silt loam and silty clay loam are predominant on the Meghna estuarine floodplain and in the Teesta meander floodplain, whereas silty clays and heavy clays are extensive on the Old Brahmaputra floodplain. The majority of these soils are Eutric Glycols.  Non-calcareous Grey Floodplain soils: Generally comprise a grey topsoil and a cambic B-horizon in the subsoil with a grey matrix or grey gleans. They extensively occupy Teesta, Karotoa-Bangali, Jamuna, middle Meghna and eastern Surma- Kushiyara floodplains. However, there are considerable regional differences in the proportions occupied by individual soil textures. Silt loam texture is dominant in the Teesta meander floodplain whereas silty clays are predominant in the Ganges tidal floodplain and in the Surma-Kushiyara floodplain. But the Jamuna floodplain has a more even distribution of silt loam, silty clay loam and silty clays. Most of these soils have been included in Eutric Gleysols. From the field and laboratory test results of soil it can be found that the sub-soil formation encountered at the proposed site is homogeneous. The sequence of lithological composition as well as consistency of the soil at different depths has been depicted in the bore logs. However; we enclosed the allowable bearing capacity of soil at different depth and length. Considering the magnitude of the structure, the structural designer selects the suitable type of foundation. The details of the soil investigations results are given in the sub-soil investigations report at Ashuganj, Brahmanbaria prepared by GERICO, France. 51 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.16: Soil Types of Bangladesh 52 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.9 Agro-Ecological Zones within the Project Area A 1988 study carried out by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) classified Bangladesh into a series of Agro-ecological Zones (AEZs) based on an assessment of commonalities in characteristics such as physiography, soil types, climate and drainage. In total, 34 regions were identified and characterized, however this information has been updated and further refined on numerous occasions since the original study was undertaken. The purpose of assessing the AEZs within the project area is to establish a broad overview of expected soil conditions which can be compared against more detailed, Upazila-level data sources. The most recent assessment was completed by the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI, 1998) which classified Bangladesh into 30 AEZs. The project area contains the below AEZs (refer Figure 4.17), namely:  Middle Meghna River Floodplain (1,555 sq km) this region occupies an abandoned channel of the Brahmaputra River on the border between the greater Dhaka and Comilla districts. The region includes areas of old Brahmaputra chars within the Meghna River as well as adjoining parts of the mainland. Soils of the area are grey loam on the ridges and grey to dark grey clays in the basins. The dominant general soil type is non-calcareous grey floodplain soil. Topsoils are strongly acidic and sub- soils slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. General fertility level is medium with low N and organic matter. 53 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.17: Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh 54 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.1.10 Seismicity Bangladesh is situated in one of the most tectonically active regions in the world. Here is where three major plates meet (the Indian Plate, the Tibet Sub-Plate, and the Burmese Sub- Plate). The project area is located over the Indian Plate, which is moving north. However due to the location of relevant plates, fault lines and hinge zones, Bangladesh itself is divided into three seismic zones (Table 4.5), based on the ranges of the seismic coefficient (note: the seismic coefficient is a measure of how strong an earthquake has the potential to be based on a combination of the mass of the plate and the seismic forces acting on it, as well as how frequently these quakes are likely to occur). As per the seismic zone map (Figure 4.18), project area falls in the zone II. It means the project area is prone to medium seismic intensity. The Zone-II seismic coefficient has been considered during the design works for the sub-structures and super-structures though there is no evidence of major earthquakes in the project areas in the recent past. Table 4.5: Seismic Zonation of Bangladesh Zoning Area Mercury Scale Bask Seismic Coefficient I North and eastern regions of Bangladesh (Seismically most active) 0.08 II Lalmai, Barind, Madhupur Tracts, Dhaka, Comilla, Noakhali and 0.05 western part of Chittagong Folded belt. III Khulna division S-E Bangladesh (Seismically relatively quiet) 0.04 55 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.18: Seismic Zones of Bangladesh 56 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.2 Biological Environment The project area, Ashuganj, a large number of native plants, including 3,000-4,000 species of woody flora, have been recorded from Bangladesh. The area lies at the meeting point (ecotonal region) of several floristic provinces (IUCN, 2002). The area was once well forested, but most of the native forests have disappeared in recent decades due to mounting pressure from human populations. Only scattered patches of native trees, wetlands and associated fauna habitat remain in isolated locations within the terrestrial environment (IUCN, 2002). The floodplains of Bangladesh have long been subject to cultivation, the most dominant land use within the project area, with only scattered patches of native trees, wetlands and associated fauna habitat remaining in isolated locations within the terrestrial environment (IUCN, 2002). 4.2.1 Bio-Ecological Zones Each of the ecosystems has many sub-units with distinct characteristics as well. IUCN Bangladesh in 2002 classified the country into twenty five bio-ecological zones (Figure 4.19). The project area falls the bio-ecological zones described below. The Meghna Floodplain: A major part of the Meghna floodplain was created by the deposition of sediments brought in by the old Brahmaputra River, before it changed its course. The rest of the sediments were laid down principally by the Meghna River itself and by some minor rivers draining from Tiperrah hills. The floodplain is characterized by many broad meandering channels, char and low lying landscape and is mostly affected by seasonal flooding while river bank erosion is occurred commonly. The luxuriant growth of palm trees is the dominant characteristic feature of the vegetation type of this zone. The Betel nut “Supari” (Areca catechu) is most visible as the dominant species in the western portion of this region. This zone also abundance in several varieties of cane, a good deal of bamboo and thatching grass. Faunal diversity is richer in here than other part of the country. In mammalian species, different species of cats, bats, otters, pangolins, and raptorial birds are found. 57 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.19: Bio-ecological Zones of Bangladesh 58 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.2.2 Terrestrial Ecosystem The status of terrestrial floras and faunas at the project site were assessed from visual observations, review of literature, and information documented by other agencies. The project area consists of several ecological subsystems e.g. open agricultural land, homesteads, and roadside vegetation. The open agriculture land ecosystem dominates the area providing widespread habitat types for various species of flora and fauna under flooded and non- flooded conditions. The vegetation covers of agricultural lands are different crop species, weeds and other herbaceous plants species. The faunal species in the agriculture land and roadside bush ecosystems include birds, amphibians, fishes, snakes rodents and few mammals. The homestead ecosystem provides the main tree covered areas within rural Bangladesh including the project site. The homesteads are covered by fruit, timber, fuel wood, medicinal plants and various multipurpose tree species. The wildlife species in homestead ecosystem include the birds, amphibians, reptiles, rodents and mammals like mongoose, jackal, cats, monkey, etc. Many of the species including mammals are vulnerable or/and endangered in Bangladesh due to habitat loss, over exploitation, natural calamities and lacking of management. The project command area is not the specific habitat for any particular species of flora and fauna hence none such species will be specifically affected due to project implementation. Figure 4.20: Flora in the Project Area 4.2.2.1 Flora The project influence area (PIA) is with mixed vegetation. Crops, vegetables are cultivated at the surrounding mainly include rice, wheat, rabi crops and variety of homestead vegetables. A sizeable number of fruit trees with economic value have been observed in the PIA. The fruit trees include jackfruit, mango, litchi, banana, coconut etc. Considerable number of trees and bushes in the PIA site provide habitat for birds and other animals. The composition of plant community includes low growing grasses, trees, herbs and shrubs. The data collected from the field survey and suggests that the predominant species are those of cultivated vegetables and trees. A detailed list of terrestrial floral species found in the project area is shown in Appendix G. 59 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.2.2.2 Fauna The diversified habitat and ecosystem in the project area support various types of animals including fish species as shown in Appendix H. Primary and secondary mode was adopted for identification of fauna. Most of the birds are identified through direct observation rather than from people. Most of the Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals were identified by using books and description of the local people during the field survey. The most common amphibians found in the project influence area are Kuno Bang. Cow, Buffalo, Goat, Rat etc. are the common mammals available in the project areas. Fairly available mammals are kathbirali, monkey etc. the most common aves available in the project area are Charui, hen, babui, duck, pecha etc. 4.2.3 Aquatic Ecosystem Some aquatic plant species exist in the banks of the rivers and khals and in water of ponds khals and rivers. The species commonly found are Shapla (water Lily), Kalmilata, Kochuripana, DholKalmi, Khudipana, Malanchi, Shingara, Keshar dam etc. As many as 50 species of fish are found in the area. Some indigenous fish species previously common but presently hard to be found in the area; these include Puti, Tengra, Taki, Bele, Drakina, Koi, Singh, Magur, Kakla etc. The species of cultured fish include Ruhit, Katla, Silver carp, Pungas, Mrigel, Grass carp, Telapia, Mirror carp, Big Head etc. Batashi, Rita, Pabda, Swar punti, Chital etc. previously available but hardly be found now. No anticipated impact on aquatic species as well as fish species due to the project activities. 4.2.4 Protected Areas & Red Book Species Many wildlife species are in stress in Bangladesh, many more are endangered/ threatened and a large number already faced extinction. The status of faunal species in Bangladesh has been published by IUCN (2000). According to the IUCN findings this country has lost 10% of its mammalian fauna, 3% avifauna and 4% reptiles over the last 100 years. More than 50 species are presently critically endangered in Bangladesh of which 23 species are already declared as endangered in the Red Data Book of IUCN. In addition, 83 species are commercially threatened and are included in the appendices of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Among the most endangered species are: elephant, tiger, wild Cat, Leopard or wild goat, serao, dolphin; birds: white-winged duck, comb duck, stork, carne, pheasant, partridge, and crocodile, python, monitor, lizard, tiger terrapin, roofed turtle, soft turtle, and marine turtles. In and around the project area some wildlife species were identified as locally vulnerable. One of these vulnerable species is Lazzabati. Some species were also identified as locally endangered. Any construction must consider impacts on the rate of deforestation, loss of habitat, habitat fragmentation, and interruption of wildlife migration patterns. Figure 4.21 shows that no environmental sensitive area is present around the project region. 60 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.21: Environmental Protected Areas of Bangladesh 61 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.3 Social Environment This Section presents an analysis of the socioeconomic baseline of Project area developed based on data from secondary sources, questionnaire survey and from community consultations at the local level. The analysis presents the socioeconomic profile of the Project area, population, and communities. 4.3.1 Demographic Profile 4.3.1.1 Background Ashuganj Upazila is situated in Brahmanbaria District under the Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. Ashuganj is an important industrial city in Bangladesh. Ashuganj is playing major role in our economy due to is many industrial setup, such as power stations and fertilizer factories. Ashuganj was established with few villages in 1898. In 1999, Ashuganj Upazila became in existence with 8 Unions. 4.3.1.2 Area and Location Ashuganj Upazila (Brahmanbaria district) area 67.59 sq km, located in between 23°51' and 24°06' north latitudes and in between 90°53' and 91°19' east longitudes. It is bounded by Sarail Upazila of Brahmanbaria district on the north, Nabinagar Upazila on the south, Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila on the east, bhairab Upazila of Kishoregonj district and Raipur Upazila of Narshingdi district on the west. Ashuganj is called the daughter of the river Meghna. It is a notable river port and industrial city of Bangladesh. 4.3.1.3 Administrative/Geographic Unit The Upazila consists of 8 Unions, 30 mouza, 38 villages. The urban population of Ashuganj is 30677 and the rural population is 115151. The population density per square kilometer is 2683. 4.3.1.4 Housing and Household Characteristics Land ownership: More than 30% of the households do not possess any lands. That means majority of the people of the area are involved in profession other than agriculture. Table 4.6 shows the ownership of land in terms of decimal percentage at Ashuganj Upazila. Table 4.6: Land Holdings and Ownership of Land at Ashuganj Upazila Agricultural Land in Decimal % of Total 0 30 1-50 40 51-100 10 101-150 10 151-250 5 251-500 5 Total 100 Type of Housing Structure: The maximum housing structure are kutcha in Ashuganj (76.01%). 11.91% are semi pucca, 9.05% are pucca and 3.03% are jhupri. 62 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Source of Drinking Water: Tube well 88.71%, pond 1.27%, tap 6.62% and others 3.40% Sanitation: In the Upazila, 44.89% general household use sanitary latrine (urban 54.33% and rural 42.36%) , 49.33% use non-sanitary latrine (urban 41.76% and rural 51.37%) and the remaining 5.78% have no toilet facility. Access to Electricity: All the Unions of the Upazila have brought under the electricity network. However, a total of 57.75% general household reported to have electricity connection in the entire Upazila. 4.3.1.5 Population Characteristics According to Population and Housing Census 2011, the total population of the Upazila is180654 of which 85191 are males and 89074 are females. The sex ratio of the Upazila is 96 (M/F). 4.3.1.5.1 Religion Composition According to Bangladesh Population Census, 2011 the number of Muslims living in the area is 174265, the number of Hindu people is 6290, the number of Buddhist people is 69 and the number of other religions is117. The table 4.7 shows the percentages of religion composition in the Project Area. Table 4.7 Religion Composition of Ashuganj Upazila Total Muslim (%) Hindu (%) Buddhist (%) Others (%) Population 180654 96.46 3.48 0.038 0.065 4.3.1.5.2 Tribal Communities In Ashuganj Upazila there is no indigenous community and thus, no indigenous people is affected by the sub-project activities. 4.3.1.6 Literacy and Education Literacy: In Ashuganj Upazila, it is found that 51.2% population is literate. Among them 47.7% are male and 42.7% are female Educational Institutions: There are 68 nos. of educational institution exist. The table 4.8 shows the status of the educational institutions present in the Upazila. Table 4.8: Educational Institutions in Ashuganj Upazilla Educational Institutions No.(s) College 4 Secondary School 14 Madrasa 4 Primary School 46 Orphanage 41 63 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj During public consultations with the local people, most of the people have demanded one school and college from this project as associated facilities. The local people proposed a place for this which is located in front of the silo campus. The local people told that project director (PD) have already committed to do this. 4.3.1.7 Arts and Culture The cultural institutions present in the Upazila are listed in the below table 4.9 Table 4.9: Cultural Institutions of Ashuganj Cultural Institutions No.(s) Library 4 Other cultural institutions 6 Theatre 2 Press club 1 4.3.1.8 Economy and Occupation Main sources of income Agriculture 27.88%, non-agricultural labourer 6.56%, industry 1.79%, commerce 23.55%, transport and communication 2.24%, service 14.10%, construction 2.02%, rent and remittance 3.57% and others 18.29%. In Ashuganj, there are more than 500 rice mills which means above 40% rice supply from Ashuganj. Ashuganj Fertilizer is a biggest chemical fertilizer company. There is a Transit in Ashuganj which communicate with India. Ashuganj City is also known as river port. There is also a gas transmission company. The area has experienced severe power shortages but a revamped project is being planned and implemented under Japanese Debt Relief Grant Aid. Some of the noted manufactories are, Ashuganj Thermal Power Plant, Zia fertilizer Factory etc. The main sources of income of the people of Ashuganj are listed below: Table 4.10: Income Sources of Ashuganj Income Source Percentage (%) Agriculture 27.88 Non-agricultural Laborer 6.56 Industry 1.79 Commerce 23.55 Transport and Communication 2.24 Service 14.10 Construction 2.02 Rent and Remittance 3.57 Others 18.29 64 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Total number of hat, bazaar and ferries are 12. Some noted Hat Bazars of Ashuganj are, Ashuganj Hat, Char Chartala Hat, Talshahor Hat, Tarua Hat and Lalpur Hat, Baishakhi Mela (Ashuganj), Talshahor Mela and Araisidha Mela. NGO activities in the Upazila include operationally important NGOs like Asa, Proshika, Araisidha Nari Unnayan Kendra, Jagarani Kendra and Grameen Unnayan Kendra. 4.3.1.9 Access to Electricity and Drinking Water All the Unions of the Upazila are under electricity net-work; however 57.75% households have access to electricity. Drinking water source is mainly tube-well. But water is used from supply taps and ponds too. The percentage of drinking water consumption from different sources is listed in below table 4.11. Table 4.11: Drinking Water Consumption Percentage Drinking Water Source Consumption Percentage (%) Tube-well 88.71 Supply water 6.62 Pond 1.27 Others 3.40 4.3.1.10 Health & Sanitation Condition There are few family welfare centers, satellite clinics, charitable hospitals and other health institutes in Ashuganj. The list of the health care centers along with the numbers is given in table 4.12. Table 4.12: Health and sanitation facilities of the project area Health Care Center No.(s) Satellite Clinic 1 Clinic 3 Family Welfare Center 4 44.89% of dwelling households (urban 54.33% and rural 42.36%) of the Upazila use sanitary latrines and 49.33% of dwelling houses (urban 41.76%, rural and 51.37%) use non-sanitary latrines; 5.78% of households do not have latrine facilities. 4.3.1.11 Transportation Road network: The campus has wide interior roads from the entry gate up to the near exit gate. There are also other internal connecting roads. The entry/exit roads are also connected with the outside road network. For construction of new modern food storage structures in the vacant and developed area (by earth raising) in silo campus and outside the boundary wall, new connecting road has already been constructed as preparatory works. There are good road connections to the site and no restrictions on movements of trucks from or to outside road network. The lane width of the road outside of the Silo site that connects the branch of Dhaka-Sylhet highway is 4.5 m. Traffic survey was done on road outside the silo campus during preparation of ESAMF in 2012. 65 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj River: The Ashuganj Concrete Silo site has good links for river transport. There is a medium size Jetty with conveyor belt for transportation of food grain mechanically from the river vessel to the silo. At the river bank there is a pontoon. But the system is not working now. Rail: There is a railway connection to the silo, through which wheat is transported by special wagons from Chittagong concrete silo. The movement of food grains by train is, however, slow and irregular. For this reason, most of the food grains are transported by road. If needed, railway connectivity may be improved for distribution purpose from the proposed silo. During public consultation meeting the local people told the consultant that one new road was constructed for vehicle movement during operation period. There is two rail crossing tunnel. One has already been widened. But the other one is congested. According to local people it requires wider than previous otherwise the local people recognized that it will create problem to the communication network or peoples movement. The consultant visited the place during site visit (photograph showed in Appendix I). Hence, the consultant recommended to widen this rail crossing tunnel for smooth functioning of the project where the people get more social benefit. The existing transportation facilities is shown in Figure 4.22. Connecting road from Ashuganj Fertilizer Existing Bhairab Railway and Highway Bridge at Factory to Dhaka-Sylhet highway at east side north side and River Meghna at west side Existing internal road in existing silo campus Existing walkway outside the south boundary wall Figure 4.22: Existing transportation facilities outside and inside of the project area 66 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 4.3.2 Survey Finding of Social Impact Assessment During socioeconomic survey of SIA study, the consultants observed that the proposed silo facilities will be constructed in a land owned by DG-Food. The area has been bounded by boundary wall. So, there is no question of land acquisition. The sites are also well connected by road and placed in the central part of Bangladesh. This proposed project will be anticipated with no dislocation in terms of physical and economic to the local people, no dislocation of any homestead, no affected on any women or vulnerable groups, no affected on income or business, no affected on physical cultural resources and no affected of any unseen items which can be related with social issues. It will bring more employment in terms of using more laborers, more rice mills will be established, transport business will boost up, poultry farming will be enriched further and so on. The local people requested that local laborers should be used during construction and operation. During consultations local people have demanded one school & college from the project authority. The local people have been proposed a land for that. It would be highly appreciated if the project authority will fulfill the demand of local people. This would be given social benefit to the local people from this project as ancillary facilities. Hence, this proposed silo project facility has no other significant adverse impact its adjoining area but has positive impact to the area as well as to all over Bangladesh. 4.3.3 Environmental & Social Hotspot The socio-cultural aspects include the educational institutions, hospitals/health centers, religious structures, cultural structures, burial grounds, market places, water bodies, etc. and those are termed as Environmental Hotspots in relation to project activities and need to be dealt carefully during the construction phase. Some of which may be affected only due to improper safeguards during construction works. As for example; waste management is important to save nearby river water, proper silencer/muffler are needed to adjust with machines during pile diving to control sound etc. During construction of Ashuganj silo bins and ancillary facilities, no educational or social institutions will be affected. Locations of major environmental hotspots in the sub-project area are shown in the Figure 4.23. A detail list of the cultural and sensitive areas located within 1 km radius of the project area is presented in Appendix I. Neither of the environmental &social hotspot would be affected by the project activities. 4.3.4 Cultural, Religious and Archaeological Sites There is no remarkable cultural centre or religious or historical monument in the project area. There are 2 Mosques, 1 Graveyard, 2 school and 1 Madrasa near the project site. Neither of the cultural, religious and archaeological sites would be affected by the project activities. 67 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 4.23: Sensitive Locations in Ashuganj 68 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 5. SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 5.1 Objectives of SMRPF The SMRPF is intended to provide general policies, guidelines, and procedures to DG-Food for social inclusion and integration of required mitigation measures of possible safeguard impacts into the selection, design and construction of silo facilities. The objective of the SMRPF is to help DG-Food to achieve the following:  Enhance the social development outcomes of development of modern silos facilities at strategic locations and provide home silos to targeted families in disaster prone areas;  Identify and mitigate adverse impacts that the selected sites might cause on people (men & women), including protection against loss of livelihood activities, with culturally, socially and economically appropriate measures;  Develop necessary safeguard mitigation measures to adequately disclose and consult with affected people on draft action plans, to replace their lost assets and to improve (or at least restore) their incomes and livelihoods, and  Ensure compliance with the relevant GOB policies and those of the World Bank on social safeguards and other social issues, including those with gender implications. 5.2 Basic Planning Principles In consideration of the potential adverse impacts associated with land acquisition and displacement of authorized and unauthorized private activities from its own (and other public) lands, the strategic planning approach was followed by the DG-Food to select, design and implement all activities in accordance with the following principles:  Prior to selection of specific site, undertaking community and stakeholder consultations about their objectives, scopes, and social safeguard implications, especially with respect to land acquisition and displacement of businesses, trading and other activities from its own lands (and other public lands, if they are also likely to be used by the project). Consultations will inter alia include,  All formal/informal local entities, such as Municipal Committees, Union Parishads, local women’s groups and others with direct and indirect stakes in the project who are deemed as key actors to influence project design and implementation.  The persons to be discussed with, like the landowners, business owners, traders, embankment settlers etc. who would be directly affected by the project.  The persons who would be affected in terms of loss of livelihood and/or loss of access to common property resources.  Avoiding private land acquisition and limit its activities, to the extent feasible, within the existing land of DG-Food to minimize displacement of economic and other activities from private and public lands. 69 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Avoiding the activities that might be threaten the cultural way of life of tribal peoples; severely restrict their access to common property resources and livelihood activities; and affect places/objects of cultural and religious significance (places of worship, ancestral burial grounds, etc.)  Undertaking social screening of all sites to identify potential social safeguard issues, and adopt and implement impact mitigation measures consistent with the Bank’s OP 4.12.  Special attention to female affected persons in the resettlement process and to the vulnerability of women and children in the project areas to social exclusion, trafficking, risks of HIV/AIDS infection following the policy guidelines of the World Bank on gender.  Special attention to the vulnerable communities and destitute groups including poor, women, ethnic minorities, small and marginal farmers, and tenant contract farmers, in selection of beneficiaries and making available family silos based on needs. 5.3 Social Screening & Impact Assessment DG-Food screened the sites to identify potential safeguard compliance issues and social impacts associated with the construction of silo facilities, in order to determine applicability of the OP 4.12 and the required Social Management Plan. Where adverse impacts cannot be avoided entirely, DG-Food selected, design and implement the project in accordance with the following guidelines: 5.3.1 Exclusion Criteria To ensure that the project meets its overall objectives, and that the national legal as well as Bank’s safeguard requirements are met, the following criterion for the exclusion of silo sites from project finance:  Require involuntary land acquisition that affects private homesteads those cannot be relocated in available lands;  Affect mosques, temples, graveyards, cremation grounds, and other places/objects that are of religious and cultural significance;  May significantly restrict access to common property resources and livelihood activities of groups and communities;  Threatens cultural/traditional way of life of tribal peoples, restrict their access to common property resources (forests, water bodies, etc) and livelihood activities, and affect their places/objects of cultural and religious significance (places of worship, ancestral burial grounds, etc.). 5.3.2 Social Impact Assessment Methodology Social impacts and risks including land acquisition, resettlement and other social impacts were primarily identified during the initial social screening of silo sites. Once social impacts were noted, census of affected persons and assets would be conducted following the site boundary and where applicable land acquisition plan in compliance with the SMRPF guidelines. The surrounding communities were consulted during the census survey to 70 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj understand the risks and options and devising mitigation of social impacts. In the case of land acquisition, if there was any case of affected person, the process would be initiated well ahead of time so that assessment of social impacts and risks could be done for preparation and approval of RAPs before award of civil works contract and implementation of the same before displacement of people. Land acquisition proposal for respective sites would provide information on land and the census (by DG-Food) and joint verification (jointly by DC and DG-Food) would provide data on inventory of losses and risks recognized in the SMRPF. With this SMRPF in place, when sites for construction of silo facilities are determined, detailed social impact assessment (SIA) following the initial social screening, was undertaken to identify all project beneficiaries, impacted people and other relevant stakeholders. The SIA utilized a well-planned and all-inclusive communication and consultation strategy and survey methodology to lay out a detailed socioeconomic survey covering the prevailing status of income, employment, education, age, skills and other socioeconomic aspects along with cultural and community aspects in the areas. The following methodology has been adopted.  The SIA has been carried out in accordance with the civil works time table.  Community/stakeholder consultations at locations with habitations and documentation of such consultation.  Focus group discussions with beneficiaries, key affected persons and their community.  Census and socioeconomic survey among the project affected households (if any).  Assimilation and analysis of data and information to address key issues following SMRPF.  The information was recorded on strip maps and computerized, and photography/ video-graph was used to document existing structures and land holding and other impacts in the corridor of impact.  Updated the final alignment on the Mouza maps and finalized (no land acquisition required).  All data was disintegrated by gender, age and ethnicity where necessary. A gender analysis would also be undertaken (in case). In case of land acquisition; the Deputy Commissioner at respective districts, where a site involve land acquisition, would process land acquisition on behalf of DG-Food under the provision of the ARIPO 1982 and make payment of compensation under law to legalize land acquisition. However, DG-Food would make additional payment where needed to ensure replacement cost of land and other property acquired for any silo site following the provision of RAP prepared in compliance with this SMRPF. 5.4 Social Management and Resettlement Policy The ARIPO 1982 is not adequate to deal with the adverse impacts associated with land acquisition and involuntary displacement in compliance with the Bank's OP 4.12 on 71 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Involuntary Resettlement. The Ordinance has no provisions for resettlement of the affected households/businesses or any assistance for restoration of livelihoods of the affected persons. Land acquisition, therefore potentially diminishes productive base of affected farm families and infringe impoverishment risks to those physically or economically displaced due to undertaking of infrastructure projects. No involuntary resettlement issues were observed. As the legal framework falls short of the provisions of the World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, the project would apply the following added mechanisms to meet the Bank's requirements:  Avoid or minimize resettlement: The law only implicitly discourages unnecessary acquisition, as lands acquired for one purpose cannot be used for a different purpose. However, there are no mechanisms to monitor if this condition is actually adhered to.  Eligibility for compensation: The law stipulates compensation only for the persons who appear in the land administration records as the owners. It does not recognize the rights of those, such as squatters, who do not possess legal title to the lands they live in or make a living from.  Compensation: The law provides compensation for lands and other objects built and grown on them (structures, trees and orchards, crops and any other developments like ponds, built amenities, etc.). No provisions are there to assess and restore lost income stream or income sources that acquisition causes to the affected persons, be they legal titleholders or others like squatters, tenants and employees of affected businesses.  Compensation standards: Although the law stipulates 'market prices' of the acquired lands as the just compensation, the legal assessment method almost always results in prices that are far below the actual market prices9. Certain pricing standards, which are regarded as unrealistic, are used to assess other losses like structures and various built amenities, trees, crops and the like.  Relocation of households and other establishments: No legal obligation is there to relocate, or assist with relocation of, those whose homesteads have been acquired or whose place of residence or livelihoods has been affected. Such persons/households, be they titleholders or squatters, are left on their own.  Ensuring payment of compensation: Lands are legally acquired and handed over to the project execution agency as soon as the acquisition authority identifies the owners (or 'awardees'), by examining the records, and sends a legal notice advising them to claim the compensation (or 'awards'). It is the obligation of the affected landowners to prove, by producing an array of documents that the acquired lands legally belong to them. As gathering these documents is a long, expensive and cumbersome process, many landowners may remain unable to claim their awards10.  Socioeconomic rehabilitation: The law shows no concern whatsoever about the long-term socioeconomic changes the affected persons and households might 72 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj undergo in the post-acquisition period. There is no provision in the law except compensation for ensure economic rehabilitation and social reintegration of the displaced persons. 73 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 6. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION 6.1 Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The Ashuganj Silo is located about 75 km north-east of Dhaka and near the eastern bank of the river Meghna. The site is situated parallel to the railway that passes over the river Meghna. There is a railway land with planned tree plantation between the railway and the Silo campus. The existing concrete silo and construction of the silos with the ancillary facilities are surrounded by boundary wall. At the back side of the wall, private lands are there cultivated by the owners. To the left side of the campus, the river Meghna flows down. The campus is protected from all sides. The area is free from environmental hotspot, and away from any environmentally sensitive area. The sub-project will not be harmful to the settlement, vulnerable group or women, rather; it will generate a huge employment for the local people. The economy will be developed through increasing business, trades and poultry development. Some anticipated impacts will have to be considered, especially, during construction and operation periods and those are to be well managed, to minimize environmental and social impacts and hazards, as the means of mitigation measures to the probable impacts. For the sustainable development as well as to maintain environmental friendly infrastructure, measures start from design phase. Ashuganj silo site, with 15.5 acres of land, is now well protected by boundary wall. Before starting the construction works, an well planning is required to place the laborers' shed, drinking water facility, sanitary latrines, equipment and materials yards, lubricant and fuel keeping facility, temporary drainage facilities, solid waste management facilities etc. The traffic and machineries' movement routes etc. are to be established in the construction site. Essential facilities like; labor-shed with proper living, lighting and cooking arrangement, waste water drainage arrangement from the kitchen area, waste bins and solid waste management facilities, and adequate drinking water supply, sanitary latrine facilities, personal protection equipment and first aid box etc. are to be provided before starting the construction works. The construction materials' yard and place for keeping the prefabricated steel sheets will be fixed in ahead of starting the silo bins' super- structure setting. As, the area is not so large (15.5 acres only), no stone/ brick crushing will be allowed within the silo site. Only pre-fabricated steel sheet will be carried to the construction site and separate areas/ yards will have to be maintained for that. For carrying the construction materials, care should be taken on traffic management. Safety measures will be taken for the local pedestrians, school children, local traffic along with the other traffic movement for existing CSD godowns. In addition to road, the waterway may also be used to carry construction materials. 6.1.1 Potential Impacts during Pre-construction Phase Loss of Tree Structure: Due to the implementation of the silo project, during the sub-project preparatory phase, some immature and young trees were cut down. To minimize the anticipated impacts for the loss of such trees, the project authority as well as the design consultants has already designed the landscape in the silo campus and considered more than 500 trees to plant in and around the silo campus. 74 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Damage due to Flooding: As the project area is very near to the Meghna River, there is a risk of flooding. The historical data shows Ashuganj was inundated in last 30 years. So, proper flood management strategy, prior to starting the construction works is essential. Mitigation: The following measures will address for the flooding management:  The design will ensure that facilities remain safe from flooding and inundation.  The site selected for the facilities will be sufficiently higher than the maximum water level during high tides and storm surges.  Appropriate raising of the foundations will be carried out.  Appropriate drainage system will be included in the design. Damage due to Waste Disposal: The improper solid waste management activities during construction period would damage the local environment. So, proper arrangement of solid waste management, prior starting the construction works, is essential. The contractor is solely responsible for total solid waste management activities. Solid Waste Quantity: During the construction works, 100 workers may work at a time (during pile driving for silo bins' foundation works and for other construction works. If per capita waste generation is 300 gm per day, the quantity of solid waste will be 30 Kg in a day. Type of works number of workers per capita waste Quantity Pile driving for silo bins 30 300 gm 9 Kg Other ancillary work 70 300 gm 21 Kg Mitigation: Ashuganj has not yet been declared as Pourashava and there is no Conservancy unit at Ashuganj. So, the Contractor will have to take the initiative to manage the solid waste generated during the construction period. The following measures are to be taken:  Separate waste bins are to be provided for kitchen waste and fish/meat waste and the bins should be sufficient in number,  The vegetable wastes are to be collected and dumped in a early made earthen trench and after composting, that fertilizer may be used for the planted trees.  The fish/meat wastes are to be collected and buried in the earthen hole and the soil cover should be at least one foot (30 cm) over that waste.  As a whole, the wastes, those are the causes of nuisance around, should be buried in the earthen hole.  The waste shall be carefully handled not to pollute any nearby water bodies. 75 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Damage due to Septage Disposal: There is no sewerage system in the silo site. On-site sanitation is necessary for the septage as well as latrine waste management. The sanitary latrines, to be provided for the laborers and that should be with proper on-site sanitation system. Prior to start the construction works, sanitary latrines should be provided by the contractors. Mitigation:  The contractor will install sanitary latrines (may be low-cost latrines) with two-pit septic tank facilities,  The latrines should be at a distant and safe location, preferably near the north-west boundary wall side.  The latrines should be with proper washing facilities (water and soap). Damage due to inadequate water supply: Prior starting the construction works, it is very essential to establish water supply in the construction site. There is no supply water in the construction site. If the supply water is inadequate both in terms of quality and quantity that will damage the entire construction works. So, water supply should be proper, quality and adequate. Mitigation:  The contractor will install tube well as considered in the BOQ (environmental and social safeguard component) prior starting the construction works,  The water quality will have to be tested for its quality judgment. Pollution from fuel and lubricants: Improper placing of fuel and lubricants is essential, to prevent damage of surrounding environment and measures are to be taken prior starting the works. Mitigation:  Raised platform (brick soling with neat cement finishing) shall be constructed prior to start working.  The place should be well protected and to be prepared prior to start working. The place should be in a safe corner of the silo campus. Transportation Planning before starting works: The contractor will set up the stock yards as shown in the attached figure7.2, that the larger stockyard is to be set up near the silo office building and other two separate smaller size stockyards in between silo bins and store building. Mitigation:  Coarse sand and fine sand will be transported from Sunamganj or Sylhet areas through the bi-pass road or water way by using Meghna River, those will be dumped in the stock pile in the silo campus. 76 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  The reinforcement steel and cement will have to be carried by road or using water ways and to be stored in the bulk pile stock and only fabricated steel to be carried to the stock pile at silo site.  Steel sheets (fabricated/ non-fabricated) will have to be carried from Chittagong port to the large stock pile (in the silo campus) and those will be carried through Chittagong-Ashuganj-Dhaka route or using water ways.  In all the cases, the Dhaka-Chittagong route or possible water ways will be used will be used and the materials will be stored in the bulk storage facilities of the silo campus.  For mass concrete works (especially for the concreting of in-situ pile casting, separate batch plant is preferable. Contingency Planning for any uneven situation: There are so many unwanted happenings may be there during construction periods. Proper contingency planning is required for overcoming any uneven situation, otherwise, that will hamper the progress of works. As a preparedness works, proper contingency planning is essential for smooth progress.  All the emergency telephone numbers of all the departments like Police station, fire service & civil defense, truck & bus stands, hospitals, clinics, etc.  Standby transport facilities to deal any accidental case,  Emergency on-call physician  Emergency arrangement of medicine  Arrangement of Safe havens (within the Ashuganj area), that may be used as emergency shelter during any disaster like Cyclone, etc.  Proper liaison, with the local people and community leaders, is to be maintained so that the local people may always be with the silo construction engineers and workers, during any uneven situation. Precaution for the safeguard of Hot-spots: The proposed steel silo bins and ancillary works are adjacent as well as within the same campus of existing concrete silo site. There are lot of activities running with the present loading and unloading system along with the staff residents, dormitory etc. under DG-Food. There are also some green plants outside the silo boundary walls. All those physical and natural resources may be affected due to creation of uneven sound during construction works, due to unplanned movement of trucks for carrying construction materials, unplanned solid waste disposal etc.  The machineries to be used shall be checked with proper silencer and muffler,  The materials carrying trucks shall be planned to move during night time and all the materials should be carried by covered truck/lorry.  Maximum use of waterway is to be ensured for carrying construction materials.  The construction watchers shall keep their eyes to the school going children and will not allow them to enter into the silo campus during construction period,  Solid waste disposal shall be well planned to avoid any uneven dumping around and the waste disposal activities should be in proper way,  The construction workers and supervisors will be trained up to control dust. 77 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 6.1.2 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase Arrangement of stockpile: Proper stock piling is essential during construction period. Improper stockpiling may hamper the construction works, especially for the silo campus of Ashuganj silo.  Large stock piles should be outside the silo campus. Large volume of construction materials should be at large stock pile. Prefabrication of steel sheet and reinforcement bars should be there.  Separate batch plant should be maintained for concrete mixing.  The stockpile in the silo campus will be used for essential items and for the fabricated steel sheets.  Separate fencing is to be maintained for the stock pile within the silo campus. Transportation Planning: the local road by which the construction materials transported is two lane road. The road is capable of carrying about 200 vehicles per hour, from the following trip model calculation: The capacity of a four lane urban road can be calculated using formula: CA = 1900 NfWfHVPHF g/C CA= intersection approach capacity N = number of lanes on the road segment fW= adjustment factor for lane width = 1 + (W-12)/30 (w is lane width, here 16 ft) fHVadjustment factor for heavy vehicles = 100/ {100 + HV (Er-1)} Where: HV = percent of heavy vehicles and ET= 2.0 passenger car equivalents, Here for outside street of the sub project sites located outside of city traffic, it is assumed thatHV=50% to simulate the congestion effect of heavy vehicles/trucks and low vehicles HF P = Peak Hour Factor = 0.88 is considered for sub project area g/C= effective green time-to-cycle length ratio = 0.55 is considered for sub urban arterials. It has been observed, during ESIA study, that the total vehicle running on the road is less than 150 out of which less than 50 trucks move at market days. During the silo and ancillary works' construction, on an average 15-20 more trucks will move per day, on the road. Maximum construction materials will be carried by water transport. If there is any materials to be carried by the road transport, those will be carried during evening time (7:00-11:00 PM).  To avoid local traffic congestion, any materials required for construction should be transported at night time (within 7.00 – 11.00 pm),  Vehicle schedule should be maintained with proper consultation of the local people,  Emergency parking arrangement should be kept in between the internal road and boundary wall, 78 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Unloading of materials should be done inside project areas,  Traffic control manpower will be deputed during construction and operation period,  Control sign will be provided to regulate traffic movement,  Safety arrangement has been inserted in the safeguard cost in BOQ. Pile Casting: In Ashuganj silo site, 600 mm dia and 42m long (cast in situ)piles will be casted/ dived. The pile boring and diving/ casting will be done by diesel driving machineries. Prefabricated pile reinforcement will have to be set up within the pile whole and a huge quantity of concreting works will be done. Safety measures is very much important during the whole pile works and sound pollution will likely to be occurred also. A huge quantity of bore whole waste (mixture of sand, clay and water) will come out and its proper management is very much essential. Mitigation:  The pile diving machineries should be with proper silencer and muffler to minimize the sound pollution,  The pile waste (mixture of sand, clay and water) should be managed properly. Earlier site fixing should be ensured before starting pile diving.  Fabrication of pile case should be done carefully, in a safe corner, by the side of north and south boundary wall.  Concrete mixing should be done in a separate batch plant.  Ensure use of proper PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes etc) of all workers during pile boring and casting work. RCC and Brick Work: This item of works consists of carrying of construction materials (cement, brick/stone chips, construction sand), reinforcement from source to the construction site, unloading from truck, steel fabrication, shuttering works, mixing of concrete using mixture machine, pouring of concrete and compacting of concrete by using vibrator machine, carrying of bricks, building of walls using scaffoldings. All these works will be done by manual labourer, so personal accident may occur during operating the work. Mitigation:  Steel fabrication should be done in a separate corner within the silo campus,  Concrete mixing should be done in a separate batch plant,  For the small concrete works, mixture machine will be used and in that case, sound control will be there through setting muffler and silencer properly to control uneven sound, 79 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Ensure use of proper PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes etc) of all workers during work. Pollution from construction materials: Dumping of construction spoils, including accidental leakage of lubricant, fuel etc. from carrying vehicles in equipment yards, is an important hazard. Both surface and ground water might be polluted from these contaminants. Safe transport, storage and disposal provisions for construction materials, equipment. Especially lubricant, fuels etc. have to be carried out in order to avoid accidental spillage and leakage Mitigation:  These hazardous materials will be stored over raised platform (brick soling with neat cement finishing)  Carrying vehicle should be checked by an experienced mechanic by every week, filled up a checklist and keep in the site office  Carrying vehicle should be with proper license and route permit from Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA),  Construction material should be transported by covered van/ truck,  The playground of the educational institutions shall not be allowed to use as a stack yard.  Location for stockyards for construction materials will be at least 30 m away from the laborers' camp and sseparate enclosures shall be put around the stock yard,  If any private land is used as stock yard then agreement with the land owner should be submitted to the Supervision consultant.  Storage of the material should not create obstacle for movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Dust: Different activities like; pile diving & casting, machinery movement, handling of construction materials (stone/brick chips, sand, cement), rod fabrication, movement of trucks with construction materials etc. may generate dust and damage the air quality. Mitigation:  Water will be sprayed to control the dust, which is the main way to suppress dust in the working site.  Construction material should be transported through truck covered by tarpaulin. Noise and vibration: Movement of vehicles, concrete mixer machine, vibrator machine and crushing bricks at site generates noise. Pile diving, concrete casting, cutting of steel for reinforcement and steel sheet for silo bins etc. may cause noise hazards. 80 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Mitigation:  Transportation of the construction materials have to be carried with scheduled time, mainly day time  All powered mechanical equipment and machinery shall be fitted with noise abating gear such as mufflers for effective sound reducing device.  Crushing of bricks/ stones shall not be allowed at the project site, so broken brick or stone chips should be collected from source to the project for construction purpose.  For concreting works, separate batch plant should be used. Water Quality: The quality of surrounding surface water may deteriorate if construction debris, construction waste, pile waste, effluent from work camps, food wastes etc. are allowed to dump in the nearby road side borrow pits or haphazardly. Mitigation:  Waste material in any form should not be thrown in water body or unspecified places,  Proper construction management including waste management, training of operators and workers will be provided to avoid pollution of water bodies or nearby habitants.  Waste bins are to be provided at different location of working and living places. Safety Hazards and Public Health: During construction works, specially, during installation of steel frame and sheets at large height of silo bins and other mechanical arrangement of silo bins. Occurrences may be with fall from height, burns, cuts and other body injuries. Mitigation:  Specific condition of contract, for maintaining health, safety and environmental conditions, should strictly be followed during construction and installation,  Proper scaffolding should be made available during installation and setting of steel frame and sheets,  Material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be followed during handling and installation of steel silo bins,  PPE wearing should be ensured during framing, installation, setting and fitting of steel frame and sheets of silo bins,  HSE trainings will be provided to the workers and supervisors of silo site.  First aid boxes will be made available at each construction site.  Emergency phone numbers (hospitals, Fire Service, Police station etc.) will be displayed at key locations of silo area. 81 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Firefighting equipment will be made available at the facilities.  Liaison with the community will be maintained.  Traffic movement along local road should be synchronized with that for using silo construction works, and contractor shall maintain the traffic movement those will be used in carrying materials. Temporary Drainage System during Construction works: During rainfall and during construction works, temporary flooding may be occurred in the construction site. Temporary drainage arrangement has been considered and the item has been inserted in the BOQ of environmental safeguard issues.  Earthen drains will be constructed immediately after any occurrence of water shading  The drains should be closed after the end of the water shading occurrences,  The outlet of the temporary drains should be in line with the outlet of the drainage system already designed for the silo campus. Occupational Safety and Sanitation: It involves the safety problems of the construction workers and the provision for sanitation and drinking water facilities at work sites. Occupational safety is essential during handling construction materials, fabrication of reinforcement steel, handling of steel sheets for silo bins, fitting of steel sheets with bolts & nuts, mixing of concrete, welding works, placing & compacting concrete etc. may cause serious health hazards and accident. On the other hand, improper sanitary facilities may also cause health hazards and that may reduce the work efficiency. Mitigation:  Provision of deep tube well for water supply (both for drinking and construction works) and toilets along west-boundary wall, for male/female workers, to be ensured.  First Aid Box with sufficient gauze, bandage, antiseptics etc. to be made available.  Ensure availability and using proper PPE (helmet, gloves, safety glass, safety shoes etc.) of all workers during work. Social Conflict: The presence of a large workforce, establishment of construction camps, Project-related traffic and construction activities may potentially cause conflicts with the nearby communities, privacy issues for the women and other similar problems. Mitigation:  Orientation and training will be provided to the contractors, supervisors and workers, on health, safety and environment including sexual diseases control (as of BOQ),  Liaison with the communities will be maintained throughout the construction phase.  Grievance redress mechanism has been established at the sub-project site. 82 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Safeguard of Hot-spots: To protect the physical and natural resources around, the following measures shall be taken into consideration, during construction period:  The machineries to be used shall be checked with proper silencer and muffler,  The materials carrying trucks shall be planned to move during night time,  All the materials carrying trucks/lorry shall be covered properly,.  The construction watchers shall keep eyes to the school going children and will not allow them to enter into the silo campus during construction period,  Solid waste disposal shall be well planned to avoid any uneven dumping around,  The construction dust shall be controlled every day Location and Facilities of Labour Camps:  The labor-camp will be at the middle portion along west boundary wall,  The labor shed shall be with the facilities like; mosquito nets, cooking arrangement, water supply, waste bins, lighting etc.  Temporary drains for the kitchen waste water and rain water are to be provided and maintained around camp site,  The camp should be with standard living condition and arrangement. 6.1.3 Potential Impacts during Operational Phase Safety Hazards and Public Health: The silo bins and ancillary facilities under Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP) has been designed in an automated system, from loading the food grains within the silo bins till bagging the same for distribution, where there is no chance of generating any waste and dust. The use of chiller for temperature control and use of inert gas Nitrogen (auto generated system) for disinfection and that will not impose any harm to human health. Proper capacity building issues will be addressed carefully to handle the system efficiently and effectively. The O&M staff will be trained up to ensure maximum use of technology and to minimize any operational hazard. Mitigation: The following precautionary measures will be taken, in addition:  Each facility will prepare a site specific Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Plan.  Awareness raising programs for health, safety and on communicable diseases,  HSE Plan will be made an integral part of the Operational Manual of each facility.  Material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be followed in overall O&M process. 83 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  PPE will be provided to the O&M staff and use of musk shall be mandatory during handling food grains.  HSE trainings will be provided to the O&M staff on a regular basis.  Availability of safe drinking water will be ensured at each facility.  First aid box, with sufficient gauge, bandage, medicine etc. shall be available at each silo site. Emergency phone numbers (hospitals, Fire Service, Police etc.) will be displayed at key locations within the campus.  Firefighting equipment will be made available at the facilities.  All safety precautions will be taken to transport, handle and store hazardous substances, such as fuel.  Waste management plan to be prepared and implemented in accordance with international best practice.  Liaison with the community will be maintained. Impact from Ancillary Facilities: The silo bins is associated with several ancillary facilities like grain chiller; Nitrogen gas disinfection system; mechanical handling system etc. Grain Chiller itself will not pollute air (it is just like an air cooling system). Inert gas, Nitrogen will be extracted from natural air by Nitrogen gas generator as and when required and to be used in an automatic monitoring and controlled way in the silo bins. So, no special mitigation is required for these chiller and nitrogen gas use, as it will not create any hazard. The mechanical handling systems are in-built with filtration and aspiration system and it will not create any dust pollution. So, there is no need of mitigation measures in case of ancillary system lying with silo bins. Air Quality: Emergency diesel generator and vehicles transporting grains will release exhaust emissions, containing carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Emissions and leakage from the bag filters may also release PM. These emissions can deteriorate the ambient air quality in the immediate vicinity of the project sites. These emissions pose health hazards for the O&M staff and nearby communities. Mitigation: The following measures will address the potentially negative impacts of the Project associated with air quality deterioration:  The vehicular and equipment exhaust should comply with the national standards.  The bag filters will be maintained regularly, ensuring that there is no excessive leakage and release of PM. The emissions from these filters will comply with the national standards for air quality. 84 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Compliance with the standard for ambient air quality will be ensured.  The steel silos to be constructed under has the duct at the dust collection point, which will be attached to a reverse jet bag filter and then to the fan which will vacuum the duct and extract the dust. These suction ducts will be suitably installed at the dump pit of the grain collection point, to the bucket elevator and the system is automated to collect dust during operation of silos.  The O&M staff will be provided HSE trainings on regular basis; these trainings will address the issues related to nitrogen gas and hygiene practices also. Soil & Water Contamination: Inappropriate waste disposal from the O&M activities as well as from offices and residential facilities may potentially contaminate soil and water thus negatively affecting nearby communities and biological resources of the area. Mitigation: The following measures will be to minimize adverse impacts of the Project associated with soil and water contamination:  Each facility will have waste management plan as part of its Operations Manual. No untreated waste effluents will be released to the environment.  For the domestic sewage from the offices and residential areas, appropriate treatment and disposal system, such as septic tanks and soaking pits, will be constructed having adequate capacity.  Waste oils will be collected in drums and sold to the recycling contractors.  The inert recyclable waste from the site (such as hard board, drums, and broken/used parts) will be sold to recycling contractors. The hazardous waste will be kept separate and handled according to the nature of the waste.  Domestic solid waste from the offices and residential areas will be disposed in a manner that does not cause soil contamination. Conveyor Belt System: The O&M activities include the running of conveyor belt system for loading and unloading that might generate noise and vibration. But, the Conveyor Belt system at Ashuganj silo site has been designed as Enclosed Belt Conveyor type and that will not cause any sound pollution. In addition, the Dust control system is already in design, i.e. if any dust is generated, that will automatically be sucked by inbuilt dust collector. So, there will be no impact from the Conveyor Belt System in Ashuganj Silo Site. Noise & Vibration: The O&M activities (running of motors, bag filters, chilling plan and others) at the silos and vehicular traffic may generate noise and vibration which are likely to affect the O&M staff and nearby communities. 85 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Mitigation: The following measures will address the adverse impacts of the Project associated with noise and vibration:  It will ensure that the noise from the facility complies with the national and WB standards.  PPE (ear muffs or air plugs) will be provided to the O&M staff  Vehicular traffic through the communities will be avoided as far as possible. Project routes will be authorized by the silo authority.  Vehicle speeds will be kept low, and horns will not be used while passing through or near the communities.  Vehicles will have exhaust silencers to minimize noise generation.  Nighttime traffic will be avoided near the communities.  Movement of all project vehicles and personnel will be restricted to within work areas,  Liaison with the community will be maintained. Grievance redressal mechanism is in place to address the community complaints. Vehicular Traffic: Transportation of food grain to and from silos will cause additional traffic on the access routes. This increased traffic can potentially cause traffic congestions on local roads and also pose safety hazards for the nearby population and community. Mitigation:  To avoid local traffic congestion, transportation of food grains should be transported at night time (within 10.00 pm – 6.00 am),  Proper vehicle schedule should be maintained with proper consultation of the local people,  Emergency parking arrangement should be kept in between highway road and project boundary wall,  Unloading and loading of food grains should be done inside project areas,  The PMU, MFSP will prepare a traffic management plan for the silo facility. This plan will be a part of the Operational Manual of each facility.  Liaison will be maintained with the relevant authorities (such as traffic police) regarding the wheat transportation particularly during emergencies. 86 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Electricity Consumption: For continuous power supply on priority basis through the 33 KV power line will have to be ensured at the Silo for uninterrupted operation of a silo. If chilling system is interrupted the soil will not meet the required temperature and infestation of soil will be expedited. Mitigation:  Ensure electricity connection from multiple grids.  Keep the provision for backup generator. Aesthetic View: Presence of silos may potentially affect the aesthetic value of the area. Mitigation:  Landscaping and tree plantation will be carried out at each facility.  Proper housekeeping will be regularly maintained at the facilities. Safeguard of Physical and Natural Resources: To protect the physical and natural resources around, the following measures shall be taken into consideration, during operation and maintenance:  The silo uploading machineries shall be with proper silencer and muffler,  The bagging and truck loading machines shall also be with proper silencer,  Food grain carrying trucks should be with controlled speed,  The silo guards shall check and limit public/ children entrance properly,  Solid waste management shall be proper to avoid nuisance around 6.2 Assessment of Social Impacts & Mitigation 6.2.1 Social Screening To assess the potential impacts of the proposed project on environment and people around the silo facilities, social screening of the site for construction of modern public silo infrastructures was carried out during initial visit to the sites. A rapid social checklist was used for the screening shown in table 6.1 below. Table6.1: Social Screening Site Name Availability of Land Acquisition process Impact on Tribal Land Population Ashuganj silo at DG-Food owned The area is within the confined None CSD site land area of CSD under DG-Food, so no question of acquisition process. 87 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 6.2.2 Impacts on Indigenous People The silo sites did not affect any people from the tribal communities. Thus the World Bank's OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples therefore, does not apply to the sub-project as a whole. 6.2.3 Social Exclusion The objectives of the project are to improve food stock and supply of food grains during emergencies and at the events of disaster. The project is expected to benefit the communities in the target areas. Although the project intends to benefit communities from all strata, there is no risk of inequity with the issues like; gender, ethnicity and other social stratification of beneficiaries from the silo facility. The disadvantaged groups like the small ethnic and other minorities, women, disabled and very poor populations will be equally treated during any event of disaster. Social safeguard issues has been incorporated along with the environmental safeguard issues. 6.2.4 Impacts Due to Non-Local Work Force Increased number of non-local peoples on site during construction may pose a risk to public health and to some extent spread of STDs including HIV/AIDS. Social and environmental management plans has been incorporated to address such impacts. 6.2.5 Impacts on Local Infrastructure The local infrastructures in the project adjacent area approximately 2-3 km far away from the silo campus are, Alal Shah High School at Char Chartala, Chor Chartala Islamia Madrasa, Community graveyard and Eidgah, Chor Char Tola Uttar Para Jame Mosque, Mohorram Para Jame Mosque, Rowshonara Girls High School, Rail Station Waktia Mosque, Hazi Abdul Jalil Jame Mosque. The construction of the silo and ancillary works will not directly affect the community. None of the local infrastructure/ institution would be affected by the project activity. 6.2.6 Impacts on Conflict of Labor Influx Conflicts may occur between local residents who may feel that they have received unfair wages. During construction and operation phases external worker from outside the project area will be deployed. Then conflict may also occur between local residents and external workers because of any changes to local customs if external workers cannot understand local customs. A number of consultations have been conducted with local residents about local conflict of interest. Local people should be employed for the construction works to the maximum extent possible, and any workers from other countries should be taught to respect local customs in order to facilitate good relationships with local people. The lodgings of the project workers should be equipped with sufficient living facilities to keep workers at the project site as much as possible. 88 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj To minimize the adverse impacts of temporary project induced labor influx the consultants suggested to the project authority to follow the World Bank guidance note for “Managing the Risk of Adverse Impacts on Communities from Temporary Project Induced Labor Influx” (Managing the risks of adverse impacts on communities from temporary project induced labor influx, Environmental and Social Safeguards Advisory Team (ESSAT); Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS); 1 December 2016) during the implementation and monitoring of this subproject. The Guidance Note focuses on the assessment and management of social and environmental risks and impacts, both anticipated and unanticipated, from the influx of labor into a project area. 6.2.7 Project Benefits Ashuganj, is located strategically in terms of storage of rice; it is connected by road as well as water way and placed in the central part of Bangladesh. Rice will be collected, from Northern Districts, by road as well as water way and will be delivered to the surrounding LSDs, and will meet up emergency during and after any disaster, in the similar transport pattern. So, Ashuganj is well located in terms of food storage and distribution that the surplus food storage during harvesting period as well to meet up the emergency during any disaster like early flood. The silo facilities are more efficient than flat warehouses. The silo can be constructed within smaller horizontal areas than normal traditional flat system godowns. The rice may be stored more efficiently, where loss (in terms of quantity and quality) is minimum and the quality of rice will be sustained for longer periods. The silo facility has wonderful opportunity of blending vitamin and mineral enriched rice kernels to the stored rice to improve the health of the people, especially for child and lactating mother. Modernizing the current food storage system in the country will result in improved storage capacity at national level to make available food stock the emergency and disaster periods. The project will help ensure food and nutritional security to the communities, particularly in the disaster periods. By enhancing the post-disaster food distribution system, the project will serve to safeguard livelihood, human capital and welfare of the poor and vulnerable populations. 6.2.8 Social Welfare Works by the Project Authority During the environmental and social data and information collection process, type of effects, their advantage and disadvantages etc. were analysed mainly on the issues like; Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, Bird, Animal, Forestry, Income, Employment, Movement of local people, Tourism, Business, Industry, Archeological and Historical Site, Health, Literacy Rate etc. Different effects found are mentioned in the following table. 89 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj The Table 6.2 shows the social impact assessment of the project. Table 6.2: Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Sl Issues Advantages/ Disadvantages/ No effect 1. Agriculture No Effect: As there is no issue of land development. 2. Fish No effect: Surface water bodies, except some road side ditches, far away 3. Livestock No effect: as, the construction will be within confined area. 4. Bird No effect: as, the construction will be within confined area. 5. Animal No effect: as, the construction will be within confined area. 6. Forestry No effect: as, there is no cutting of trees, also new plantation will be done 7. Income Advantage: Construction works will create business opportunity 8. Employment Advantage: Construction works will create employment opportunity 9. Movement of Disadvantage: Due to increased movement of goods, vehicles, people people. 10. Tourism Advantage: Tourism will be developed through movement & migration. 11. Business Advantage: The food processing, rice husking etc. will be developed. 12. Industry Advantage: Industries will be developed during the silo operation. 13. Archeological Site No effect: No effect will be there on archeological infrastructure Historical Place No effect: No effect will be there on historical infrastructure 14. Health Disadvantage: Adverse effect may be due to external workers 15. Literacy Rate Advantage: Literacy rate may be increased due to the presence of more educated people and workers during and after construction operation. 16. Communication Advantage: People may be connected with more local road networks due to construction of new roads. Disadvantage: In the road network, there is a congested rail way crossing which will require widening for movement of heavy vehicle during operation of silos. 90 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 7 ARRANGEMENT OF SILO BINS AND ANCILLARY FACILITIES 7.1 General The Ashuganj Silo Campus is within the protected CSD area of 39.00 acres of land, by the side of Ashuganj Fertilizer road, within the boundary wall. Within this 39.00 acres of land, 15.50 acres of vacant land, within the CSD campus, has been developed (during preparatory works) where 30 nos. silo bins and a number of ancillary facilities are to be accommodated. The ancillary facilities are; Guard room by the new silo gate site, Truck scale, Sampling house, Laboratory house with weight control room, Truck parking area, Bulk truck receiving area (40x26m), Control room (9.2x11.5m), Bulk elevator tower (8a: 6x8.4 m, 8b: 6.2x10 m size), Surges bin tower, Bulk house, Bagging house (24x42m size), Empty gunny bag godown (15x31m size), Workshop cum store (14x30m), Sub-station (10x20m), Inspection bungalow, Silo office, Car parking, Public toilet (5x8m area), Canteen, Four storied dormitory for support staff, three storied Officers dormitory, Fortified rice bags receiving area (8x16.4m size) etc. The Designers arranged all the silo bins and the ancillary facilities very effectively (please refer to the figure 3.3, the layout plan for the silo and ancillary works). 7.2 Safeguard facilities during Construction works For the environmental and social safeguard compliances, the construction and installation of water supply and sanitation facilities, along with the labor-camp placement, will have to be done very carefully. The areas, near the office building (constructed during preparatory works), along the boundary wall side, will be suitable for setting the workers' facilities like labor-shed, toilet and solid waste management. Cleaning of labor-camp site, etc. will have to be accommodated very cautiously, because of the existing CSD facilities, no disturbance will be allowed to the existing CSD godowns and related facilities. Also, the toilet facilities may be accommodated along the boundary wall side. Precaution is to be made on cleaning the living and toiletry facilities, because, the whole works will be commenced within the existing CSD areas. The Supervision Consultant's Engineer and the Contractor will take a careful decision for setting the workers' facilities, material stocking yard etc. within the limited area. The Contractor will have to separate areas for large scale stock piling, crushing of bricks or stones, fabrication of steel sheets for the silo bins etc. 91 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 7.1: Arrangement of labor camp, stockpiles, water source, latrines etc. 92 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 7.3 Traffic Management The Silo Campus is adjacent to the Ashuganj fertilizer road. There is another alternative route of waterway that may be suitable to carry coarse and fine aggregates from Sylhet, Sunamganj areas. The waterway may also be used to carry the construction materials as maximum as possible. The materials carrying vehicles may use Dhaka-Chittagong route and Dhaka -Sylhet route for transporting different materials. The vehicles for construction and installation will be only through this road. The use of transport routes may follow the following sequences:  The construction materials like stone/ brick chips, sand (both local and Sylhet sand) may be brought from Sylhet/Sunamganj area,  Steel Rod for reinforcement works may be from Chittagong,  Cement may be purchased and brought from Chittagong,  The Steel Sheet (pre-fabricated) for the silo bins may be brought from Chittagong Port or Dhaka to the project site. Proper traffic management is necessary during carrying construction materials. The environmental and social safeguard issues have been accommodated with the engagement of people for traffic management during construction and operation periods (also traffic arrangements are shown in figure 7.2). 7.4 Residential Arrangement for the Silo Experts The Contractor may have to arrange some residential arrangements for the International and National Experts, during construction periods. In that case, the Contractor will be able to rent houses in the Ashuganj town area which is very adjacent from the silo site. 7.5 Solid waste Management from MFSP Silo Campus The Contractor shall have to set up own arrangement for the solid waste management activities and that must be synchronized with the existing CSD infrastructures and facilities. The solid waste management activities may be with the following sequences:  All the wastes are to be collected through the arrangement of setting sufficient bins at every corner of the silo site.  Separate bins are to be provided for the fish/meat wastes as well as for hazardous waste,  Vegetable wastes are to be dumped in a earthen pit (that pit is to be dug earlier) and those vegetable wastes will be composted to green fertilizer within 25 days (the bottom of the pit must be above ground water level).  Non-vegetables wastes like fish & meat residue are to be buried in the earthen hole and at least 30 cm (one foot) soil cover shall be provided on it, and the activities may be done in the tree plantation areas. 93 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 7.2: Transportation arrangement around silo area during construction period 94 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) aims to ensure the compliance of all activities undertaken during implementation and operation of the sub-project with the environmental and social safeguard requirements of both the World Bank and Government of Bangladesh. Furthermore, it aims to integrate the environmental and social mitigation measures needed for the sub-project. The plan consists of mitigation, monitoring and institutional arrangements to be undertaken during implementation and operation to eliminate adverse impacts, offset them, or reduce them to an acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures. 8.1 Objectives of the ESMP The basic objective of the ESMP is to manage, prevent, and mitigate the adverse impacts due to the sub-project interventions in a way that minimizes the adverse impact on the environment and the people around Ashuganj Silo/CSD areas and specifically to:  Facilitate the implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures identified during the present ESIA.  Assign responsibilities of the PMU, MFSP and Contractors for the environmental and social management of the Project;  Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters to ensure effective implementation of the ESMP.  Assess environmental training required for different stakeholders at various levels.  Describe communication and documentation requirements. 8.2 Environmental and Social Management and Mitigation Plan Environmental and Social Management and Mitigation Plan summarizes the potential impacts, corresponding to, (i) preventive measures during pre-construction/design period, (ii) both preventive and mitigation measures during construction phase and (iii) preventive and mitigation measures during operation period. The plan is also for setting the responsibilities of different level of stakeholders with specific task and function. There will be an indication of timeframe for effective implementation of ESMP. Potential impacts have been assessed according to magnitude (minor, moderate, major), sensitivity and impact duration (Temporary or Permanent) and are presented in a manner that shows magnitude, sensitivity and duration of a particular impact. Level of duration and magnitude assumed without mitigation measures. 95 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Management /Mitigation Plan Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Implementation Supervision Impact(s) Pre-Construction stage Site Measures for Environmental safeguard issues were Included with the Contractor PMU, MFSP Preparation environmental safeguard added in the BOQ of site preparatory BOQ of preparatory (already done) during preparatory works works works Traffic Traffic load will be  Extra man-power will have to be Cost for traffic Contractor PMU, MFSP movement plan increased on Ashuganj provided to control the traffic control has been Fertilizer road, during movement. included in the BOQ construction. Also traffic  Most of the construction materials congestion may arise will be carried from Chittagong, along with the trucks' Sylhet, Sunamganj areas. movement for old CSD food grains  Water way will also be used to carry construction materials Design Foundation works for the  Pile design for silo bins has been Cost has been Design PMU, MFSP Considerations silo bins, consideration of completed as per soil test report. included in the BOQ Consultants pile design  Foundation for the ancillary facilities has been designed according to sub-soil test.  Design of construction of silos and his associated facilities has been ensured safe from potential risk of flooding and inundation as well as storm surges from Brahmaputra River. 96 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Implementation Supervision Impact(s) Anticipated  Appropriate waste collection and Cost for waste Contractor PMU, MFSP contamination of soil and disposal systems has been adapted collection system water around, during with the environmental and social and temporary construction works safeguard compliance issues drainage system has  Temporary drainage facilities have been included in the been incorporated with BOQ. environmental management plan.  Proper drainage system and on-site sanitation system has been considered during design works Construction of If not controlled and  The labor camp has been Cost has been Contractor PMU, MFSP labor camp maintained properly, considered along the boundary wall estimated and items impacts will be there on site (west side of CSD area). have been surrounding  Proper sanitation and waste incorporated in the environment. collection system are to be provided BOQ along with the labor-camp. Construction stage Earthwork Slope, erosion and dust  Care to be taken during any Included in the Contractor PMU, MFSP blowing, during earth excavation work, BOQ. work for any foundation  Dust blowing is to be controlled by work providing water spray every day 97 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Implementation Supervision Impact(s) Noise Increase of noise level of  Noise level to be measured According to overall Contractor PMU, MFSP the construction site. periodically, near the middle of Environmental Increasing noise level developed area, Management plan in during construction  Proper scheduling of transportation addition to works may disturb to the of material and noise generating Compliance nearby physical and equipment/ works, included in BOQ social infrastructures like  All vehicles and equipment used in school, mosque etc construction shall be fitted by exhaust silencers, maintain regularly to minimize noise level. Dust Dust is generated during  Construction materials should be BOQ is with the Contractor PMU, MFSP vehicle movement, carried by the covered vehicle issues material carrying and  Spraying should be done every day, (environmental construction works during construction period safeguard) Surface water Chance of contamination  Ensuring wastes/effluent disposal BOQ is with the Contractor PMU, MFSP of surface water around, properly, environmental during construction  Ensuring solid waste management safeguard issues period properly. Water Logging During construction work  Temporary earthen drain will be As per BOQ of Contractor PMU, MFSP and in rainy season, constructed to drain out rain water. bidding document water logging may occur  Temporary earthen drain is to be provided with the labor camp Vehicular Materials carrying  Speed limits will be enforced for Environmental Contractor PMU, MFSP Traffic vehicles may damage the Project vehicles. Management plan, environment and may be environmental 98 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Implementation Supervision Impact(s) a disturbance to nearby  Reduced speed in the CSD area. safeguard physical and social  Safety signage should be placed at compliance cost in institutions. the work sites (both road side and in BOQ the CSD/ silo areas Public Health Due to migrated  The contractor will engage local Environmental Contractors PMU, MFSP and Safety workforce, infectious people as maximum as possible, Management plan, diseases may be there in  Health checking should be done, environmental and around Ashuganj specially for migrated people, safeguard CSD/ silo site compliance cost in  Workshop and training will be with BOQ the workers & supervisors. Social and Some issues related to  Workshops with the surrounding Expense is included Contractors PMU, MFSP Gender Issues society and gender may community people, leaders will be in the environmental be raised during arranged. and social safeguard construction works  Grievance redress mechanism has compliance BOQ been established at silo site Children’s Child labor may be  Contractor shall avoid the Clear indication is Contractors PMU, MFSP right engaged during engagement of child labor force, there in the tender construction  Patrolling periodically to check for documents. any child labor At the end of Any unwanted  At the completion of work, the Expense is included Contractor PMU, MFSP construction substances may be left contractor shall remove all in contract cost. works i.e. behind, at the end of unwanted material from the site, during construction, may lead  The cleaning of construction site completion environmental pollution should be done properly. stage and damage to the 99 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Implementation Supervision Impact(s) aesthetic views and may  Damaged equipment, debris, waste cause disturbance to and unusable materials should be nearby physical and cleaned from the campus and those cultural resources are to be disposed properly. Operation and Maintenance stage Chiller System Chiller system has been In the silo bins, an improved control, of Cost has been D&S Consultant PMU, MFSP and use of adapted in the modern insect and fungie, has been adapted and included in the Nitrogen food storage facilities designed. Design & Supervision bidding document project, instead of using Consultant has designed the system. Fumigation (AP) system. The use of Nitrogen gas will be In addition, Nitrogen gas automatically controlled and there is no will be used for insect chance of any hazard due to use of and fungal control. nitrogen gas for disinfection. Public Health The total system (from  Proper care will be undertaken Environmental Contractors PMU, MFSP and Safety food grain loading to during maintenance of bin sheets at Management plan, bagging) is automated the operation phase, environmental and mechanised. Some  Capacity building, including on- safeguard problem may be raised the-job training shall be continued compliance cost in during maintenance of during O&M phase. BOQ steel of bins at outside. Traffic for Noise levels may Awareness building and administrative BOQ (O&M phase) D&S Consultant DG-Food grain increase due to measures should be taken to regulate transportation movement of more vehicles during operation and may be a disturbance to the nearby physical 100 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Implementation Supervision Impact(s) and social institutions Children’s Child labor engagement  Prohibit child-labor engagement, BOQ (O&M phase) D&S Consultant DG-Food Right  Patrolling periodically to check child labor engagement Operation of May cause air quality Controlled vehicular movement, BOQ (O&M phase) D&S Consultant DG-Food Machinery and deterioration and noise Regular monitoring air quality, equipment level may also be  Arrangement of HSE training to increased and may be a workers and supervisors, disturbance to the nearby physical and social  Regular monitoring noise quality, institutions  Ensure PPE to the O&M staff  Waste management plan as part of its operation & maintenance,  On-site sanitation system should be with proper septic tank,  Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Plan is to be developed,  Health and awareness building orientation workshop to be arranged time to time,  Material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be followed to handle any hazardous chemicals. 101 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan 8.3.1 General Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan has been prepared to provide guidelines for environmental and social management plan during the construction and operation phases. The environmental and social components will be monitored during construction period and the monitoring will be continued up to certain period of silo operation. Environmental and social management and monitoring plan is an essential tool to keep the base environment undisturbed as well as to upgrade the environmental standard of the sub-project area. The major environmental impact, monitoring method, responsibility, expenses, time period etc. are illustrated in table 8.2. 8.3.2 Objectives of the ESMoP The objective of environmental and social monitoring plan during the construction and operation phases is to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the study period to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient environment based on national standards. The main objectives of the pre-construction, construction and operation phase monitoring plans will be to:  Monitor the actual impact of the works on physical, biological and socioeconomic receptors in and around the sub-project area.  Recommend mitigation measures for preventing adverse impacts and to control impacts at its acceptable limit.  Ensure compliance with legal and community obligations including safety on construction sites;  Ensure the safe disposal of excess construction materials.  Ensure measures to protect and improve physical, biological and socio-economic environmental standards for long time. 102 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Table 8.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Environmental Management Means of Parameters Frequency Responsibility Indicator Monitoring Implementation Supervision Air Quality Measurement of air Portable air quality CO, SOx, Nox, Once in every Contractor PMU, MFSP quality measuring machine SPM three month Dust Control Spraying of water Visual - During creation of Contractor PMU, MFSP dust Noise Control Measurement of noise Portable noise Noise level (dB) Once in every Contractor PMU, MFSP level measuring machine three month Waste Collection, Inspection Different types Daily Contractor PMU, MFSP management transportation and of waste disposal of solid waste. Health and safety Monitoring health and Inspection PPEs Daily Contractor PMU, MFSP safety of workers Water quality Surface and ground Inspection and Organic & Once in every Contractor through PMU, MFSP water Water analysis inorganic three month an agency through a government approved laboratory like DPHE, BUET etc. Infectious Monitoring affected Engaging Physician No. of affected Twice in a year Contractor PMU, MFSP Disease people if any person HIV/AIDS Traffic movement Nos. of vehicle Inspection & record No. of vehicle daily Contractor PMU, MFSP movement keeping 103 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 8.4 EMP in Bidding Document The following items have been incorporated as ESMP in the bidding document: Table 8.3: Cost of ESMP Item Description of Item Amount (Tk.) Environmental and Social Mitigation and Enhancement Works 1 Temporary Camp for the laborers with the facilities of cooking, utensils, 1,50,000.00 washing, disposal of solid waste and providing waste bins etc. are to be with entire satisfaction of Engineer-in-charge (EC) 2 Prevention of spillage, leakages of polluting materials, i.e. arrangement of 30,000.00 keeping fuel, lubricant, kerosene, mobil etc. for which a pucca platform (at least 100 sq. ft with brick soling and plastering), as per satisfaction of EC 3 Adequate supply of potable water for ensuring; drinking purpose, household 2, 00,000.00 purpose, washing, using in construction works. The water quality should be tested in the standard testing laboratory in Bangladesh, specifically but not limited with the standard test results for the parameters like; pH (6.5-8.5), Iron (0.3-1 mg/L), Arsenic (0.05 mg/L), Aluminium (0.2 mg/L), Ammonia (0.5 mg/L), Chromium total (0.05 mg/L), Manganese (0.1 mg/L), Salinity (0%) and the whole works to be done to the entire satisfaction of EC 4 Sanitation: 4 nos. of Toilets; at two separate corners as directed by EC. 100000.00 5 Providing First Aid Box with sufficient gauge, bandage, antiseptic cream, 20,000.00 antiseptic lotion and with sufficient medicine with the satisfaction of EC 6 Rehabilitation of whole areas including stockpile, brick crushing sites, borrow 100,000.00 areas, workforce camp to the entire satisfaction of the EC 7 Construction of temporary earthen drain and its maintenance during rains to 50,000.00 drain out the surface water during rains and construction 8 Providing personal protection equipment (PPE); 20 pairs-hand gloves, 20 150,000.00 pairs-gumboot, 20-approne, 20-eye protecting glass, 20-Helmets etc. Sub-total 800,000 Construction phase 1 Air quality 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 2 Water quality 8400.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 25200.00 3 Waste management L.S 50000.00 4 Noise and vibration 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 5 Ecosystem (Flora and Fauna) 20000.00 Fisheries ecosystem 10000.00 6 Work environment (Including Safety) 20000.00 7 Accidents 20000.00 8 Awareness building Program on HIV/AIDS 50000.00 Sub-total 255200 Operation Stage 1 Air quality 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 2 Water quality 8400.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 25200.00 3 Noise and Vibration 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 4 Work Environment (Including Safety) 50000.00 5 Accidents 50000.00 6 Tree Plantation 500000.00 Sub-total 685200 Grand total 1740,400.00 In Word: Tk. Seventeen Lac Forty Thousand and Four Hundred Only 104 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 8.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism A grievance can be defined as an actual or perceived problem that might give grounds for complaint. As a general policy, DG-Food along with the MFSP will work proactively towards arising and minimizing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. The Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) sets out the information and communications strategy to ensure that PAPs and communities are fully informed about their rights to offer suggestions and make complaints, and the different mechanisms through which they can do so, including grievances through creating more sounds during construction, pollution through improper solid waste management, traffic disturbance during the movement of more vehicles during construction and operation phases etc. This will be the responsibility of the PMU, CSC, and contractors and persons designated to be responsible for stakeholder liaison. The objectives of GRM are:  Potential impacts and effects that are most likely to give rise to grievances for this Project are related to:  Mitigation to any disturbance during construction and operation phases,  Distribution of employment opportunities;  Construction noise, vibration, surface water pollution, waste management etc control,  Presence of a construction labor force and its effects on neighboring villages, local services and infrastructure. Any stakeholder (individual or organization) will be able to submit a grievance to the Project if they believe a practice is running with adverse impact on community, the environment, or on their quality of life. They may also submit comments and suggestions. Grievances could include:  Adverse impacts on a person or a community (financial/physical lose, nuisance);  Dangers to health and safety or the environment;  Failure of PMU, MFSP, its contractors and their workers or drivers to comply with standards or legal obligations;  Harassment of any nature;  Criminal activity;  Improper conduct or unethical behavior;  Financial malpractice or impropriety or fraud; and  Attempts to conceal any of the above. DG-Food will establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to answer to queries and address complaints and grievances about any irregularities in using the guidelines adopted in 105 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj the project implementation. DG-Food will form Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) for silo sites consisting of memberships to ensure proper presentation of complaints and grievances, as well as impartial hearings and transparent decisions. Based on consensus, the GRM will help to resolve issues/conflicts amicably and quickly, saving the aggrieved persons resorting to expensive, time-consuming legal actions. The GRM will however not preempt an aggrieved person’s right to go to the courts of law. The GRC at the silo level will have the following memberships: 1. Project Coordinator, Silo Site, MFSP, DG-Food Convener 2. Technical Site Specialist, Silo Site, MFSP, DG-Food Member Secretary 3. Councilor / Member of the respective City Member Corporation / Pourashava / Union Parishad 4. Women Councilor / Member of the respective City Member Corporation / Pourashava / Union Parishad 5. Project Affected Person / Beneficiaries / Stakeholder Member  of the respective silo site The Silo Chief at each site will designate an official to receive complaints/grievances and to pass on to the GRC Convener. The official will maintain a grievance register with names of the complainants, dates complaints received, brief descriptions of the complaints and other relevant information. The official will acknowledge receipt of the complaints by giving written evidence to the complainants, and inform the GRC Convener. The convener will schedule the hearings in two weeks and inform the complainant accordingly. If the GRC decision is not acceptable to the complainant, the case – with the hearing minutes – will be sent to the Silo Chief in a week. If a case is still not resolved, the convener will send it to the DG-Food with minutes of the previous hearings and other information. The final decision will be made at this level and communicated to the complainants. The entire process will be completed in no more than four weeks. For recordkeeping, the DG-Food will compile information on the number of different types of complaints / grievances received, number of cases resolved at different levels of hearing and review, decisions given in favor and against the complainants. As and when requested, DG-Food will share the information with the World Bank and other stakeholders. 106 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 8.6 Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation The institutional arrangements required for implementation of the EMP are discussed below. A flow chart for implementation arrangement is added in Figure 8.1. Project Steering Committee (PSC) Secretaries of Planning, Agriculture, Forestry, Environment, Finance, and Disaster Management; BADC, Deputy Commissioners of Districts, DG Food Ministry of Food Secretary to PSC Overall Implementation Responsibility Occupational Health Safety Directorate General, Food Directorate General, Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (Component A, B2, C) Specialist (FPMU), (Component B1) and Project Management Unit Specialist, Sr. (PMU) Environment Specialist Social Sr. Project Coordinators at Each Site Figure 8.2: Implementation Step Up of the Project 107 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 8.6.1 Implementation Responsibility The Project proponent (DG Food) will be overall responsible for the implementation of EMP through consultants and contractors. The staff of the proponent, consultants and contractors who are responsible for ensuring the implementation of the EMP needs to have the capability to handle the complexities and spirit of management strategies. Training and workshops will need to be arranged involving proponent, consultants and contractors to share the issues of environmental and social protection. A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established under the DG Food’s office for day–to-day implementation and monitoring the project activities. The PMU is headed by a Project Director who is assisted by; (i) Deputy-Project Director and Assistant Deputy Project Director, and a number of consultants like; (i) technical specialists (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical); (ii) Senior Procurement Specialist, and Procurement Analyst; (iii) Senior Financial Management Specialist, and Accountant, (iv) Senior Environmental Specialist, (v) Senior Social Specialist, and (vi) Senior Communication Specialist. Each Silo site is headed by the Project Coordinator for coordination with the contractors, consultants and local administration, along with a Technical Supervision Specialist. The Senior Environment Specialist is responsible for ensuring the adequacy of environmental safeguard issues in the Bidding Document (BOQ) and ensure the quality of Environmental Action Plan (EAP), that will be developed and submitted by the contractor before starting the work (Sample EAP is attached in the annex-M). The field level environmental specialist (D & S Consultant) will be on board before commencement of the construction work. 8.6.2 Construction Phase Environment Specialist in PMU. The Senior Environmental Specialist (SES) of PMU will have to ensure implementation of EMP and other environmental safeguard issues. The SES is responsible for maintaining liaison with WB safeguards team, regulatory agencies and other stakeholders during the Project implementation. The SES will also coordinate with the environmental staff of the Construction Supervision Consultants. Supervision Consultant’s Environment Monitor. The Supervision Consultants will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site-based Environment Monitor (EM) at each construction site (before starting the construction works). The EMs will monitor and supervise the EMP implementation at the field level. The EMs will maintain coordination with SES at the PMU level and supervise and monitor the construction works. The EMs need to be a graduate preferably in environmental science/engineering with at least 5 years’ experience in the related field. Contractor’s Environment Supervisor. The construction contractors will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site-based Environment Supervisors (ESs) at each construction site. The ESs will be responsible to implement various aspects of the EMP particularly the mitigation measures to ensure that the environmental impacts of the construction works remain within acceptable limits. The ESs will maintain coordination with the EMs at the site level. 108 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 8.6.3 Operation Phase The (Health, Safety and Environment) HSE function will be a key element of the operation and maintenance arrangements at each of the silo facility. Dedicated HSE personnel will be part of the O&M staff and will be responsible to prepare and then implement the relevant parts of the Operations Manual for ensuring health and safety during project operation. 8.7 Training Plan A series of training programs has been proposed under the MFSP Silo project to enhance the skills of the MFSP as well as contractor staff in environmental aspects especially Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Safeguard arrangements. The Environmental and Social consultants (PMU and D&S consultants)will be responsible for imparting training to the engineers and supervisors engaged in construction and operation works. The, following training programs are to be included for effective implementation of environmental safeguard issues during construction period and operation stages:  Implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and auditing of Environmental Management System (EMS)  Documentation requirements of ISO 14001 2004  Internal and external communications  Internal audit A training plan is provided the following Table 8.4. Table 8.4: Environmental and Social Training Plan Contents Participants Responsibility Schedule  Environmental issues related to DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU Prior to start the Silo Construction and associated MFSP staff and D&S Project activities. facilities under MFSP and Consultant) (to be repeated as  Environment policy & Contractor needed.) legislation of Bangladesh, staff guidelines on Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) safeguards of co-financiers  Environmental and social DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU During and after safeguard issues required during MFSP staff and D&S construction works construction works and remedial and Consultant) measures for adverse impacts Contractors’ during construction works.. Crew  Environmental and social safeguard issues during operation and maintenance of Silo Bins.  Chiller and Nitrogen use in the process operation for silos.  Environmental parameters' DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU During and after quality measurement activities MFSP staff and D&S construction works required during construction and Consultant) 109 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj works, Contractor's  Mitigation measures with the staff environmental parameters during operation phases  Monitoring and checking the DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU During and after ecological parameters around, MFSP staff and D&S construction works during construction works. Consultant)  Reporting of environmental monitoring  Waste disposal; Construction MFSP (PMU Prior to start the  HSE crew and D&S Project activities. Consultant) (to be repeated as needed.  HSE during Operation Phase DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU Prior to start the MFSP staff and D&S Project activities. Consultant) (to be repeated as needed. 110 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 9.1 General Public Consultation was made with different level of people in and around Ashuganj CSD areas. The people are not fully aware of the activities of modern steel silo projects. During the consultation meetings and interactions, the sub-project, its benefit etc. were elaborated by the consultation team (environmental and social). The consultations were made with different level of people like, local elected persons, community leaders, mosque Imam, businessmen, rice husking factories in and around Ashuganj CSD areas. The direct and indirect beneficiaries, like workers, businessmen, people of all level etc. of the existing CSD at Ashuganj were also consulted. The target of such consultation was to finalize the environmental and social safeguard compliance issues to be considered during pre- construction phase, construction phase and operation phase, including the options for rice storage, fortification, bagging and distribution of rice during disaster period. The probability of impacts on local peoples' business and employment was also judged through such consultation. Such stakeholders' engagement is an integral part of ESIA preparation and is a statutory requirement of the ESIA legal framework in Bangladesh on Environmental and Social Safeguards. The consultation program for the Project is based on informed consultation and participation in line with ESIA requirements with the people, and such consultations were made during October 2016. 9.2 Objectives The objective of stakeholder consultation is to finalize the environmental and social safeguard compliance issues to be incorporated in the ESMP. The consultation was done for the following specific objectives:  to find the legal obligations are involved with the silo construction works at Ashuganj CSD area,  to find out the probable ways to avoid traffic congestion during carrying construction materials,  to find out the best possible ways to adapt solid waste management options to be applied for Ashuganj CSD/ silo campus,  to find out the water supply, sanitation etc. facilities to be involved during construction and operation,  to find safety options for construction of silo and ancillary facilities in Ashuganj.  to identify the stakeholders affected and/or with an interest in the sub-project area,  describe how the views and issues raised have informed and influenced the development of the sub-project; and  outline the future plans and approach to stakeholder engagement. 111 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 9.3 Consultation with various Stakeholders A stakeholder is defined as any individual or group who is potentially affected by the proposed Project or can they affect the proposed Project directly or indirectly. Stakeholder consultation is an inclusive process for sharing information that enables stakeholders to understand the risks, impacts, and opportunities of a development or project, allowing them to express their views and articulate their perceptions towards it. Through the project preparation stage extensive consultations/FGDs have been arranged during the conduct of the ESIA surveys. The details of FGDs are given in the following Table 9.1. The findings of the FGDs are summarized in Table 9.2 and the details of these FGDs are given in Appendix K. Table 9.1: Details of FGDs FGD No. Type of Participants No. of Participants 1 Local People 15 2 Local People 15 3 Local People 15 4 Local People 15 Total 60 112 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Figure 9.1: Photos of Focus Group Discussions Table 9.2: Summary of the FGD Questions for discussion Answer, Opinion, Comments and Suggestions Are you aware of the activities of Yes. The details of the project were shared with us, earlier. Silo- the sub-project? If yes, what are bins will be constructed to store surplus food during harvesting they? period and distribution of food during/after a disaster. Any air pollution in the area due The area is away from the community, by the side of Ashuganj to the project activities? If yes, Fertilizer Road, within the CSD confined area and the project how to mitigate? authority will take necessary measures to control air pollution, Noise- impact in the locality There will be a little noise impact, due to pile driving, vehicular during construction and movement etc. but the project authority will have to minimize operation? How to mitigate? the noise. Any impact on local soil due to The construction will be within the confined area, within the project activities? If yes, how boundary wall, and no impact will be occurred on the soil. to mitigate? Any impact on ground water/ There is no problem with the groundwater quality because of drinking water quality due to the the construction. However, the project proponent should project? If yes, how to mitigate? confirm that no accidental spillage or washout of hazardous/waste material to surrounding water bodies during construction; particularly in the monsoon. 113 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Any impact on the surface water There project authority will control waste water during body (river, pond, khal, beel, construction and operation. They will also control the accidental canal etc.)? If yes, how to spillage or washout of hazardous/waste material to surrounding mitigate? water bodies during construction; particularly in the monsoon. Any impact on drainage system? No; the project authority will design the drainage system to If yes, how to mitigate? drain out storm water and onsite sanitation system for septage management, keeping synchronization with CSD campus. Any impact due to on site or Waste will be generated, no doubt, during construction and offsite disposal of construction operation, both from silo areas and the residential areas, but the waste or household waste ? If project authority will have to manage all type of wastes in yes, how to mitigate? synchronization with those issues of CSD campus. Is the proposed area inundated No, the area is not inundated during rainy season. during flood? If yes, how much? Environmental Protected Area No, there is no such EPA around/ in the vicinity (EPA) around? Environmental Sensitive Area No, there is no such ESA around/ in the vicinity (ESA) around? Will the project lead to any No. The vacant land within the CSD campus will be used for agricultural land loss/crop loss? Silo sub-project. Will the project increase the Yes. The food storage will help supplying food in emergency disaster preparedness of the situation right after a disaster. And thus it will increase the country? disaster preparedness of the local community and country. Will the project help in meeting Yes. After a disaster, the storage will meet up the emergency food security needs caused by food supply and thus it will help in meeting food security needs disaster induced food shortage? caused by disaster food shortage. Will the project stabilize the food Yes. If there is enough food stored, then the price of the food price? will be stabilized too. Will the project reduce storage Yes. This modern food storage facility is an improved losses? technology, which will reduce storage losses, than that of conventional food storage systems. Will the project be helpful for Yes. the scarcity of food will be reduced and price of the food the poor and vulnerable? will be stabilized even after a disaster which will ultimately be helpful to the poor and vulnerable group. Does the project involve any land The land is owned by DG-Food, and there are a number of food acquisition or involuntary storage godowns, and within the CSD, some vacant land about resettlement? 15 acres of land will be used for Silo construction. Does the project need No. But, in future, some old and unused godowns will be demolishing of any structure? dismantled and will be kept for further development. Will the project lead to No destruction of trees will take place, however, the project destruction of trees and authority is very careful in landscape development and tree vegetations? plantation. Does the project require land The land filling has already been done during the preparatory filling? If yes, what is the source works. The sandy soil was carried from far places by the of land filling material/soil? engaged Contractor. 114 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Will there be any traffic During carrying construction materials, traffic load will be disturbance due to construction increased than at present. The materials will either be carried material and wastes from Chittagong, Sunamganj, Sylhet areas. Emphasis will be transportation? given to carry materials from Chittagong and Sylhet areas Will there be any negative No, the community is far from the construction site, it is 1 to 2 impact in neighborhood or km away from Ashuganj town. community? Will there be any impediments to The construction works will be commenced within the confined movement of people and area, within the boundary wall, so, there will be no problem for livestock? the peoples' movement through RHD road. Will there be any hazard to the No. But excess movement of materials carrying vehicles may schools during construction create problem and that is to be controlled. Will the project impact on your Yes. It will create some employment generation, hence the social and economic sector? If project will be beneficial to the community people, on the point yes, how? of more employment for the local people. What types of benefits are you We are expecting increase in working facilities, food supply and expecting from the project? improvement of trade and commerce. We also expect the improvement of local community. Do you have any The local people of the project area are expecting more recommendation before the employment generation for them and they urged to engage more implementation of this project? local people for construction and operation phases. Are you in favor of this project? Yes. the people appreciated the initiatives, it will generate Why? business, employment etc. for the local people. 9.4 Findings of the consultation meetings Four consultation meetings were held during October 2016 at the project areas. The consultation meetings were conducted with different level of local people. Total 60 (sixty) participants, different level of people like; local representatives, businessmen, day laborers, farmers, shop keepers etc, were in the meetings. In consultation meetings; environmental and social issues were examined. The main focus was to dig out the mental supports from different level of stakeholders regarding the new concept of food storage facilities, i.e. the silo construction works in lieu of the traditional food storage facilities. The issue on potential impact of construction works has also been raised. Most of participants appreciated because of the benefit from the proposed project. They also discussed about noise, water and soil pollution issue that are evolving because of existing project and the future possibilities. They expect improved technology to minimize the problem. The outcome of the consultation meetings were as follows.  There should be effective mitigation measures in order to reduce noise pollution during construction period. Improved technology and proper management plan would help to mitigate the noise pollution. 115 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj  Surface water and soil pollution should be controlled by monitoring the runoff of waste materials to the surroundings.  Air pollution from the construction materials and emission from machineries might create problem. Contractor should spray water during material transportation and use cover for air pollution sources if possible.  It will generate more employment in terms of using more laborers, more rice mills will be established, transport business will boost, poultry farming will enrich further and so on. The local people requested that local labor should be used during construction and operation. 116 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 10. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 10.1 Conclusion On the basis of the analysis, it may be concluded that the project stands environmentally sound and sustainable when the recommended mitigation measure and environmental management processes are adopted properly. The benefits of the project will be realized primarily at the level of the national economy. Benefits in the project area will be in significant except for some short terms employment and business opportunities during the construction phase. However, the needs of the food storage facility are obvious and for that the livelihood of the area will be developed. Developed livelihood will directly influence the growth of economy of the area. The adverse environmental impacts from the project will mostly take place during the construction stage. There are no significant cumulative adverse impacts during operation that are identifiable at this stage. The construction impacts should be very predictable and manageable, and with appropriate mitigation measures. Some funds are required for the environmental clearance certification and certificate renewal fees. The project is expected to have a small "environmental footprint". No endangered or protected species of flora or fauna are reported at the project site. The proposed project activities have no significant adverse environmental impact so far as a time bound execution program with application of advanced construction technology is ensured. The mitigation measures are well within such codes and practices of construction and operation of the proposed project. 10.2 Recommendation  Adequate provisions have been made for the environmental mitigation and monitoring of predicted impacts, along with their associated costs.  Flood proofing design should be applied during construction of the silos.  Adverse impacts if noticed during implementation will be mitigated using appropriate design and management measures. The potential cumulative and residual impacts of the project classify as not a highly sensitive or complex.  The EMP, its mitigation and monitoring programs, contained herewith shall be included within the Bidding documents for project works.  The Bid documents state that the contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the EMP, as per environmental safeguard compliances costs, mentioned in the BOQ.  The contractor will engage environmental people to implement EMP properly.  A strong recommendation is being made to implement the proposed sub-project in the CSD campus. 117 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Site Clearance Certificate with ToR for EIA 118 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 119 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX B: Noise Level Test Result 120 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX C: Test Result for Surface Water (On Site) 121 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX D: Test Result for Ground Water (On Site) 122 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX E: Test Result for Surface Water (DPHE Laboratory) 123 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX F: Test Result for Ground Water (DPHE Laboratory) 124 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX G: List of Plants in the Project Area Common Name Scientific Name English Name Family Aam Mangiferaindica Mango Anacardiaceae Aamra Spondiaspinnata Sour fruit Anacardiaceae Apang Achyranthesaspera Chaff-flower Amaranthaceae Amloki Phyllanthusemblica Indian gooseberry Phyllanthaceae Arhar Cajanuscajan Pigeon pea Fabaceae Banana Musa sapientum Banana Musaceae Bamboo Bambusa vulgaris Bamboo Poaceae Babla Acacia nilotica Babul Tree Leguminosae Begun Solanum melongena Brinjal Solanaceae Bot Ficusbenghalensis Indian banyan Moraceae Benna Vetiveriazizanioides Vetiver Poaceae Chorekanta Chrysopogonaciculatus Amorseco Poaceae Chhotohalkusha Leucaslavendulifolia Leucas Lamiaceae Champa Magnolia champaca Champak Magnoliaceae Dhan Oryzasativa Rice Poaceae Dhutura Datura metel Thorn apple Solanaceae Durbaghash Cynodondactylon Bermuda grass Gramineae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus oblique Eucalyptus Myrtaceae Golap Rosa sp. Rose Rosaceae Gondhoraj Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia Rubiaceae Hasnahena Cestrum nocturnum Night Blooming Solanaceae Jasmine Helencha Alternantheraphiloxeroides Alligator weed Amaranthaceae Jarul Lagerstroemia speciosa Giant crape-myrtle Lythraceae Joba Hibiscus rosa-sinensis China Rose Malvaceae Jaam Syzygiumcumini Java Plum Myrtaceae Jambura Citrus maxima Pomelo Rutaceae Jagadumur Ficusracemosa Cluster fig tree Moraceae Kathal Artocarpusheterophyllus Jackfruit Moraceae Kola Musa sp. Banana Musaceae Kalmilata Ipomoea aquatic Water spinach Convolvulaceae Kochuripana Eichhorniacrassipes Water hyacinth Pontedriaceae Katanote Amaranthusspinosus Spiny amaranath Amaranthaceae Koromcha Carissa carandas Crane berry Apocynaceae Kadam Neolamarckiacadamba Burflower Tree Rubiaceae Krishnochura Delonixregia Royal Poinciana Fabaceae Kheshari Lathyrussativus Grass Pea Fabaceae Kamini Murrayapaniculata Lakeview Jasmin Rutaceae Khejur Phoenix dactylifera Date palm Arecaceae Koroi Albiziaprocera Silk plants Fabaceae Kul Ziziphusmauritiana Chinese date Rhamnaceae 125 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Lau Lagenariasiceraria Bottle Gourd Cucurbitaceae Litchi Litchi chinensis Litchi Sapindaceae Lebu Citrus sp. Lemon Rutaceae Masoor Lens culinaris Lentil Fabaceae Mehogony Swieteniamacrophylla Mahogony Meliaceae MishtiKumra Cucurbita maxima Sweet Gourd Cucurbitaceae Mula Raphanussativus Raddish Cruciferae Morich Capsicum annuum Chilli Solanaceae Palash Butea monosprema Flame of the forest Fabaceae Paua Toonaciliata Red cedar Meliaceae Palong Shak Spinaciaoleracea Spinach Chenopodiaceae PataBahar Codiaeumvariegatum Garden Croton Euphorbiaceae Pepe Carica papaya Papaya Caricaceae Peyara Psidiumguajava Guava Myrtaceae Shimul Bombaxceiba Cotton Tree Malvaceae Shonalu Cassia fistula Golden shower tree Fabcaeae Shotomul Asparagus racemosus Shatamuli Asparagaceae Shorpogondha Rauvolfiaserpentine Indian snakeroot Apocynaceae Shapla Nymphaea lotus White Egyptian lotus Nymphaeaceae Shishu Dalbergiasissoo Sissoo Fabaceae Tulsi Ocimumsanctum Holy basil Lamiaceae Titbegun Solanum indicum Poison berry Solanaceae 126 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX H: List of Fauna and fish Identified in the Project Area List of Fauna Identified in and Around the Project Area Scientific Name English Name Local Name Class: Amphibia Bufo melanostictus Common toad Kuno bang Rhacophorus leucomystax Tree frog Gecho bang Rana tigrina Indian bull frog Kula bang Class: Reptilia Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Rokto-chosha Gecko gecko Wall lizard Tokkhok NajaNaja Indian cobra Gokhra Varanusbengalensis Bengal monitor Guishap Atretiumschistosum Olive keelback Maittashap Lampropholisguichenoti Common skink Anjon Eutropiscarinata Golden skink Shonalianjon Enhydris Smooth water snake Painashap Class: Aves Gallus gallus Wild cock Murgi Copsychussaularis Magpie-robin Doel Bubo bubo Eagle owl Pecha Ploceusphilippinus Baya weaver Babui Halcyconsmyrnensis White throated kingfisher Shadabukmachranga Egrettagarzetta Little egret Bok Milvus migrans Black kite Bhubonchil HaliasturIndus Brahminey kite Shongkhochil Haliaeetusalbicilla Eagle Eagle Meropsorientalis Green bee eater Shobujshuichorapakhi Phalacrocoraxniger Little cormorant Paankouri Anasplatyrhynchos Duck Hash Corvussplendens House crow PatiKak Acridotherestristis Common Myna Shalik Dicrurusmacrocercus Black Drongo Fingey Alcedoatthis Common Kingfisher ChotoMaachranga Picidae Woodpecker Kath Thokra Streptopeliachinensis Spotted Dove TilaGhughu Columba livia Domestic Pigeon Kobutor Passer domesticus House sparrow Charui Eudynamysscolopacea Asian cuckoo Kokil Orthotmussutorius Tailor bird Tuntuni Himantopushimantopus Black winged stilt Kalopakhthengi Melopsittacusundulatus Budgerigar Tia pakhi Meropssuperciliosus Olive bee eater Shuichora Coraciasbenghalensis Indian roller Nilkonthopakhi 127 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Class: Mammalia Bostaurus Cow Goru Lepus nigricollis Indian hare - Bubalusarnee Wild Water Buffalo Mohish Capra aegagrus Goat Chagol Ovisaries Sheep Bhera Feliscatus Cat Biral Canisfamilaris Dog Kukur Sciuruscarolinensis Grey Squirrel Kathbirali Oryctolaguscuniculus Rabbit Khorgosh Rattusrattus Rat Indur Axis axis Deer Horin Macca mulatta Monkey Banor List of Fisheries in Meghna River Local Name Scientific Name Katal Catlacatla Rui Labeorohita Jatputi Puntius sophore Boal Wallago attn Chital Macrognathusaculeatus Shol Chpisomagarna Ghawra Lepidocephalusguntca Bata Labeobata Raik Cirrhinnsreba Tit puti Puntius ticto Mola Amblypharngodonmola Kakila Xenentodoncancila Pabda Ompokpabda Tengra Mystustengra Ayre Mystusaor Baila Glosso GOB ins giuris Kajuli Ailacoila Kachki Coricasoborna Name chanda Chanda ramma Lal chanda Chanda ranga Foli Notopternsnotopternsnotoptrns chital Tara Baim Mastacembeluspanchus Gochibaim Mastacembleusarmatus Shalbaim Chanda puncttus Taki Channastriatus 128 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX I: Sensitive Locations in the PIA Name Location Description Photograph N E Office (Temporary) 24.03983° 90.99717° A one storied tin shed building. Office of Toma Group (Temporary) 24.03959° 90.99751° A one storied tin shade building used as temporary office. 129 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Electric Grid Line 24.03785° 90.99654° A high voltage electric line. Ship Construction Area 24.03920° 90.99479° Project boundary wall adjacent to the ship construction side Permanent Office 24.03987° 90.99686° A two storied new building. 130 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Old Silo 24.03922° 90.99722° Existing old silo storage structure with conveyer belt in project campus Mechanical Workshop 24.03828° 90.99815° A two storied work shop. Ashuganj Silo Mosque 24.03776° 90.99860° One storied mosque. 131 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Silo Guest House 24.03748° 90.99965° A tin shed building used as gues house. Residential Area 24.03764° 90.99946° One storied building. Silo Rail line 24.03784° 90.99986° Inside silo campus connecting to main rail 132 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Old Silo Office 24.03767° 91.00004° One storied building Proposed Place for Silo School& 24.03731° 91.00047° Empty place filled with sand college 2 No. ChorChartola Union Parishad 24.03696° 91.00131° One storied building 133 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Railway Station 24.03787° 91.00165° Medium railway station Pond 24.03663° 91.99964° Medium sized pond Graveyard 24.03683° 91.99915° A large graveyard 134 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj ChorChartalaIslamiAlimMadrasha 24.03652° 90.99836° One and two storied building Pond (Fertilizer Industry) 24.03630° 90.99845° A big sized pond Playing Field 24.03785° 90.99659° Near the proposed project side 135 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Meghna River 24.03946° 90.99453° West side of the project area Train Line 24.40150° 90.99668° Dhaka-Sylhet train line with bridge Tunnel (Under Rail Line) 24.03802° 90.00169° Rail crossing tunnel required to be widen 136 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj RJ Tower Hotel &Ressort 24.03802° 90.00169° A six storied building used as ressort Nur Medical Center 24.03875° 90.00318° A six storied medical center 137 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX J: Socio-Economic Survey Template Questionnaires for Socio-Economic Survey Location & Identification of Household: 01 District : 02 Upazila : 03 Pourashava : 04 Union : 05 Mouza : 06 Village : 07 Others : General Information about Household Head: Name of the Household Head: Father’s/Husband’s Name: Name of Respondent: Relation of Respondent with Household Head: Religion: Ethnicity: 138 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Household Composition: Total Household Members:_______________ Male:__________ Female:__________ Relationship Occupation Place of Work Sl. with Marital Educatio No Sex Age Household Status n Primary Secondary Primary Secondary . Head 139 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Membership Involvement with any Organization: Are you or any member of your family involved with any NGOs/Associations? If yes, the name of organization& how long you are involved? Your involvement in what capacity? Did you receive any loan& what is the amount? Repayment procedure/method Fixed Household Assets, Land & Facilities: Do you have any house of your own? If yes, what is the total cost of your family house? If no, what is the arrangement? Total land ownership (Land in Acre) Do you have any pond or orchard? What is the cost of your owned pond land or orchard? Your yearly income from the pond or orchard? Farmer type (Farming own land/Farming own and other’s land/Sharecropper) Cropping intensity and patterns in practice Crop production per acre in Kgs Do you have electricity? What type of fuel do you use? Who usually gives decision in the family? 140 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Health & Nutrition: Common diseases in your family Whom do you contact first for treatment? Average food intake per day? Breakfast Lunch Dinner Source of common food you intake? Water & Sanitation: Sources of drinking water If tube well or pond, ownership of source Is there any arsenic problem in the area? Is there any salinity problem in the area? Sanitation type Source Livestock: Does the household own the following livestock? Livestock Nos Cattle Goats Sheep Buffalo Pigs Ducks Chicken Pigeon 141 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Trees What types of trees does the household own? Medicinal Timber Trees Nos Fruit Trees Nos Nos Plants Eucalyptus Banana Mahogany Mango Akashmoni Coconut Neem Jackfruit Shishu Litchi Rain tree / Koroi Guava Palash Olive Babla Lemon Teak Jambura Bakul Blackberry Palm / Tal Mulberry Silk cotton / Simul Ambra Sal Papaya Chatim Tamarind Marmelos / Wood-apple / Sajna Bel Pakur Custard apple Kadam Pomegranate Koroi Plum / Barai / Kol Tal Carambola Chambol Kotbel Chalta Supari Manjori Other Other Other Other Other Other Other 142 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Livelihood: What is your main income source? How many months of the year do you earn from this? What is your monthly earning? Where do you work? Do you generally receive loan from local traders? If yes, amount of money received last year and this year? Repayment method? All Sources of Household Income During the Last 12 Months: N Income obtained from mentioned source Income source o. in the last 12 months 1 Service holder 2 Agricultural wage labour 3 Non-agricultural Wage labour 4 Wage labour – foreign countries Sale of household agricultural products (rice, 5 vegetables, etc.) 6 Boat operator 7 Fishing 8 Fish trading 7 Income from local fish-culture Sale of household livestock products (milk, 8 meat, etc.) Sale of tree and orchard products (timber, 9 bamboo, fruit, etc.) 143 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj What is the household’s average monthly income? What is the household’s approximate average monthly expenditure? Explain if expenditure higher than income? If the household has any loan? Number of new births in the household during the current year? Number of deaths in the household during the current year? Overall Remarks (If any): 144 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX K: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Participants List 145 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 146 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 147 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 148 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj APPENDIX L: Reference Used for ESIA Study Government Departments : Rules Act Policy and related data 1. Bangladesh Water Development Board 2. Department of Environment 3. Bangladesh Meteorological Department 4. Bangladesh Forest Department 5. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 6. Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI) 7. Department of Food, Government of Bangladesh Journals, Books & Existing Studies 8. Detailed feasibility study and environmental impact assessment study for Ashuganj 450mw combined cycle power plant (south) at Ashuganj existing power station site, June 2011 9. Environmental and Social Review Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL), Sept'12 10.Environmental & Social Assessment & Management Framework (ESAMF) Bangladesh Modern Food Storage Facilities Project, Phase I (MFSP-I), March 2013 11.Aktar, M.N. (2013). Impact of climate change on riverbank erosion, International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 7(1): 36-42. 12.Garde, R.J. (2011). River morphology, Second Edition, New Age International Publishers, India. 13.MPO (1987). The groundwater resource and its availability, Report No. 5, MPO Dhaka 14.ECR (1997), "Environmental Conservation Rules "Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOB 15.Munn, R. E'79 Environmental Impact Assessment, Principal and procedures. John Wiley & Sons. 16.DOE (1997) EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Guidelines for Industries. Website 17.Wikipedia 18.Google maps 19.Google earth imageries Others 20.Site visits 21.Environmental and Social Screening report of the project 22.Different project related EIA-Report 23.BBS Community Series -2011, Brahmanbaria district 149 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Annex-M: Sample Environmental Action Plan for MFSP Sub-projects Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date) Pre-Construction Stage 1 Construction of  Obtaining approval of layout plan for the Before starting Approval requires Labor camp and labor camp and related facilities, the Works before construction necessary facilities  Providing accommodation facilities for of labor camp and the workers, continuous monitoring will be  Setting the cooking arrangement, there to ensure  Setting the washing and cleaning quality labor camp arrangements, and related facilities  Providing waste bins in and around the labor camp,  Supply of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities for the laborers,  Fencing and demarcation around the labor camp to prevent unwanted entrance. 2 Development of fuel  Construction of at least 100 sq ft pucca Before starting Construction of storage areas (masonry) platform for storing all type of the Works pucca platform to be fuel and lubricants, done once and with  Demarcation around the area, regular maintenance  Placing of Firefighting equipment. 3 Water Supply  Supplying potable water for the laborers Before starting Monitoring the through installation of tube well (as per the Works quality of water at specification & BOQ), the time of 150 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date)  Ensuring the location plan of tube well, commissioning that should be sufficiently away from on-site sanitation facilities,  Ensure tube well location, that is at safe distance from surface water source.  Development of drainage line from the water source to drain out waste water. 4 Sanitation facilities  Providing suitable sanitation facilities for Before starting Before starting the the workforce (as per BOQ). the Works work and  Ensuring Solid Waste Bins within the replacement after Silo Campus, damage with Continuous  Installation of sanitary latrines and monitoring/ cleaning urinals at safe distance, as per BOQ,  Provide separate latrines for the women,  Installing onsite sanitation facilities (septic tank, soak pits etc.) with toilets. 5 Transfer point for  Installation of solid waste transfer station Before starting Installation once solid waste near the main gate of silo campus (BOQ), the Works with regular  Providing fencing around the masonry maintenance transfer station. 6 Providing First Aid  Providing First Aid Box with sufficient Before starting Continuous Box gauge, bandage, antiseptic cream and the Works monitoring & input with sufficient medicine. 151 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date) 7 Stock pile for  Development of stock pile area with clear Before starting Continuous construction materials demarcation and fencing, the Works monitoring & repair  Rehabilitation of stockpile area. 8 Temporary drainage  Construction of temporary earthen drain Arrangement Continuous arrangements to drain out the excess water due to rains before starting monitoring with (preparation) and due to construction activities, the Works corrective measures  Closing the temporary drains after escaping from temporary floods. 9 Personal Protection  Providing personal protection equipment Arrangement Purchasing once and Equipment (PPE) (PPE) with at least 20 pairs-hand gloves, before starting replacement after 20 pairs-gumboot, 20-approne, 20-eye the Works damage protecting glass, 20-Helmets etc. (BOQ). 10 Public Health and  Notification of the public adjacent to the During starting Continuously Safety construction areas, the Works  Protection of school going children during their movement. Construction Phase 11 Monitoring Water  Monitoring the drinking water quality During Quarterly Quality (potable with the parameters like; arsenic, iron, construction water) manganese, chloride and other organic/ inorganic pollutants. 12 Maintaining air  Regular maintenance of vehicles During wworks Continuously quality  Covering or wetting of dusty materials with regular monitoring  Dust suppression by spraying water 152 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date) 13 Maintaining and  Ensure construction activities with During the Continuously monitoring Noise acceptable limit of noise level, wworks maintaining the quality  Notify nearby population prior to noise quality and occurrence of any uneven sound, checking the magnitude (dB) on  Working hours should be kept within the quarterly basis daylight hours,  Locate the noisy equipment and facilities away from sensitive receptors  Monitoring of noise level (dB) at selected sensitive sites during working hours. 14 Solid Waste  Ensuring collection & safe disposal of During the Continuously solid waste from construction area, Works Management  Safe storage of inorganic wastes and regular disposal of organic wastes,  Ensure safe waste collection, transportation and disposal systems at approved disposal sites. 15 Ecosystem (Flora and  Monitoring flora and fauna species During Bi-annual Fauna) monitoring around the construction camp, construction  Discussion with local people regarding any effect of construction work on terrestrial floral species,  Discussion with local people on the effect on local fisheries system/ species due to 153 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date) construction works. 15 Waste water disposal  Installation of proper filtering elements During the Continuously system for disposing the waste water (soak pit Works arrangement etc.).  Ensure safe disposal of liquid wastes generated in the camp. 16 Occupational health  Train up the workers on health and safety During Works During starting the and safety and issues, works and reviewing minimise chance of  Educating the workers on HIV and quarterly accidents sexually transmitted infections (STI),  Ensuring use of proper PPE materials during working hours,  Ensure wearing helmet by the visitors/ inspectors during working hours,  Educating the people in using the first aid items during any accidents,  Provide sanitation facilities where needed,  Provision of safe drinking water to work 154 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date) force (tube- well water, bottled water etc.) during works,  Proper signaling of working areas. 17 Public Health and  Proper signaling of working areas, During the Continuously Safety  Limitation of construction vehicles at Works public roads during peak hours,  Construction activities are to be ensured during daylight (07:00 – 17:00 hours) on weekdays. 18 Tree Plantation  preparatory works for tree plantation, Before ending Once with  plantation points development. construction monitoring 155 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date) 19 Monitoring of Surface  Preventing entrance of waste, soil, etc. in During the Continuously Water Quality the water system through waste Works management and dust suppression process. 20 Complaints and  Grievance Redress Mechanism will be During the Continuously established at silo site, Works Environmental  Complaints received from the public or Incidents other stakeholders will be registered and recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer,  All environmental incidents occurring on the site will be recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer. Operation and Maintenance Phase 21 Monitoring of Air  Monitoring of air quality (SOX, NOX, During operation Quarterly particulate matter etc) at selected phase Quality sensitive sites during operation phase (contract period). 22 Monitoring of water  Monitoring of water quality (both During operation Quarterly metallic and non-metallic parameters of phase Quality potable water) at the water source being used during operation (contract period). 23 Monitoring of Noise  Monitoring of noise level (dB) at selected During operation Quarterly Quality sensitive sites during working hours. phase 156 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Sl. No. Activities/ Item of Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance works (date) 24 Use of works safety  Monitoring the use of safety materials During operation Continuous materials like; wearing safety shoes, eye glass, phase helmet etc (PPE) as appropriate 25 Control of accidents  Monitoring the accident control activities During operation Continuous like; deployment of watchers to control phase unauthorized entrance,  Traffic movement control,  Precaution during working in altitude. 26 Tree Plantation  Landscaping and tree plantation works' During operation Continuous and preparation (cleaning the lands), phase (till the replacement after  Making the holes suitable for plantation, trees reach to damage  Arrangement of fencing around the tree, specified height)  Arrangement of spraying water,  Arrangement of cleaning the unwanted vegetation around the tree. 27 Monitoring of Surface  Performance of analyses on surface water During operation Quarterly Water Quality (river, khal, beel and pond) for: pH, TDS, and maintenance DO, BOD, EC/Salinity and Turbidity. 28 Complaints and  Grievance Redress Mechanism will be During the Continuously established at Silo Site, Works Environmental  Complaints received from the public or Incidents other stakeholders will be registered and recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer.  All environmental incidents occurring on the site will be recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer. 157 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Annex-N: rtificate (NOL) from the World Bank No Objection Cer Fwd: NOL Issued! Request for NoL on ESIA reports for Ashuganj silo site. Inbox x Md Gazi Ur Rahman 16 Nov Dear Mr. Gazi, PD MFSFP: no- Based on the report received and information provide, I am pleased to inform you that IDA has no objection to the ESIA for Ashuganj silo site Our understanding is that the old conveyor belt will be undisturbed and agreement and the Bank will be immediately informed when there will be a plan for dismantling. You should submit a dismantling elt to the Bank for clearance. plan of the conveyor belt Please proceed with the ESIA disclosure on DG Food website. Best regards Manievel (Emmanuel) Sene Senior Agricultural Specialist Agriculture Global Practice - GFA12 T. +8809604404315 M. +8801758526796 E. msene@worldbank.org Bangla Nagar, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh A. E-32, Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla 158 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj Annex-O: Environmental Clearance Certificate from the Department of Environment (DOE) 159 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Ashuganj 160