Tamil Nadu Gender Women in Tamil Nadu have experienced mixed progress. On the bright side, maternal mortality in the state is low and declining. Moreover, women in Tamil Nadu are better educated than in many other states, with more girls going to school today than before. However, Tamil Nadu’s child sex ratio is below many other states and has not shown much improvement since 2001. On the work front, women have been leaving the labor force in large numbers since 2005, especially in the rural areas. But, when women work, they by and large have similar types of jobs as men. Child sex ratio in Tamil Nadu is higher than the national average Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969 964 962 957 957 956 948 948 950 943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918 909 902 900 894 890 890 888 871 862 850 846 834 800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK PJ HR Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. Little improvement in child sex ratio in Tamil Nadu after 2001 Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 948 950 942 943 900 850 800 1991 2001 2011 1 June 20, 2017 Tamil Nadu Gender Steady decline in maternal mortality in Tamil Nadu after 2003 Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 200 134 97 100 79 0 2003 2009 2013 Tamil Nadu has fewer maternal deaths than most other states in the country Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300 300 285 285 244 221 221 222 208 208 200 167 141 127 133 112 113 100 92 79 68 61 0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India. 2 June 20, 2017 Tamil Nadu Gender A third of Tamil Nadu’s women have completed secondary school, which is higher than the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60 57 52 50 46 43 41 40 38 38 35 34 34 33 31 30 30 28 28 26 26 26 26 22 21 21 20 20 20 20 16 16 16 15 14 10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. More men have secondary schooling than women in Tamil Nadu, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50 44 Rural Females 40 34 38 23 14 25 29 30 24 22 18 Urban Females 20 15 14 19 21 14 46 10 0 Males Females 0 20 40 60 80 100 ■ Illiterate ■ Literate or primary school completed ■ Middle school completed ■ Secondary school or higher completed 3 June 20, 2017 Tamil Nadu Gender No gender gaps in schooling among the really young in Tamil Nadu Enrolled in education institutes, (%) 2005 21-23 8 11 3 Female Male 18-20 23 31 8 15-17 56 65 9 Age 12-14 89 95 6 9-11 98 99 1 6-8 98 98 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Enrolled in education institutes, (%) 2012 21-23 14 24 10 Female Male 18-20 45 51 6 15-17 80 80 0 Age 12-14 98 97 -1 9-11 100 100 0 6-8 99 99 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 4 June 20, 2017 Tamil Nadu Gender Female labor force participation in Tamil Nadu is higher than the national average Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63 63 60 55 55 49 50 47 43 41 40 40 38 38 37 37 36 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 27 25 25 25 24 20 19 17 15 10 9 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ PJ JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Tamil Nadu after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 87 85 82 80 83 81 78 Rural Male 60 65 63 Urban Male Rural Female 50 40 Urban Female 34 33 20 27 0 1993-94 2004-05 2011-12 5 June 20, 2017 Tamil Nadu Gender Women have slightly more casual wage jobs than men in rural Tamil Nadu Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males Rural Females 18 28 17 52 51 9 13 12 ■ Farm - All ■ Non-farm Self Employed ■ Non-farm Salaried ■ Non-farm Casual Wage Women do similar types of jobs as men in urban Tamil Nadu Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males Urban Females 9 12 14 19 28 40 34 43 ■ Farm - All ■ Non-farm Self Employed ■ Non-farm Salaried ■ Non-farm Casual Wage 6 June 20, 2017