SFG1139 v7 JANUARY 2012 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED LABORATORY AT KITALE DISTRICT HOSPITAL IN KITALE ON PLOT L.R. No. 1 v 1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT/MONITORING PLAN 1.1 Introduction The development of new laboratory activities will have some impacts on the biophysical environment, health and safety of its employees and members of the public, and socio economic well being of the local residents. Thus, the main aim of the project should focus on reducing the negative impacts and maximizing the positive ones associated with its activities through a programme of continuous improvement. An Environmental Management/monitoring Plan (EMP) has been developed to assist the proponent in mitigating and managing environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of the project. The EMP has been developed to provide a basis for an Environmental Management System for the project. It is noteworthy that key factors and processes may change in the course of the life of the project and considerable provisions have been made for dynamism and flexibility of the EMP. As such, the EMP will be subject to a regular regime of periodic review. 1.2 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing Program There will be environmental management of any implications of the project that may not have been foreseen, which will include the administrative and production staff, the management, the 2 public, the government and environmental experts. Once a year, the project management will submit to the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA):  A compilation of all monitoring data;  A highlight of the activities related to environmental protection, environmental health, public health and safety and  If the project has been cited for violation of environment and safety standards or regulations, certification from relevant authorities showing that the defect has been corrected or an acceptable plan of action is in place to correct the defect. This can be termed as the Annual Environmental Audit. The following tables provide a summary of the monitoring that could be utilized. The following tables form the core of this EMP for the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of this project. In general, the Tables outline the potential safety, health and environmental risks associated with the project and detail all the necessary mitigation measures, as well as the persons responsible for their implementation and monitoring. The EMP will be used as checklist in future environmental audits of the project. Table 4: Occupational, Public Safety and Health Issues Issues Recommendations Type of Action Undercutting and a. No undercutting and tunneling should be allowed in or around Administrative tunneling (digging the project site so as to cause collapse or result to damage to foundations) and presence property, injury or loss of life. of loose hanging b. No loose hanging rocks/material shall be allowed near or on rocks the face of construction so as to endanger the safety of public. Poor site management; no Warnings notices/signs of appropriate font size and in the Administrative fencing, no warning national and local languages should be erected in appropriate notices/signage places to warn the public of any danger e.g. ‘Danger, no smoking’. Lack of Personal Protective Protective gears shall be used by persons working in the project Administrative Equipment site. These include protective helmets against falling objects; gloves to protect against cuts and bruises; protective shoes; safety goggles and overall/dust coat Lack of safety training and Project workers should be trained on safety, health and Administrative absence of any individual environmental issues; The construction site to have a person in in charge of safety within charge of safety; Establishment of ‘Safety, Health and Environment the project site Committees’ (SHEC) at the project site. Inadequate welfare The project contractor should ensure provision of clean water and Administrative facilities such as sanitation, sanitation as well as well equipped first aid kit with trained first first aid facilities and aiders within the project site drinking water. Working from heights, use where use of ladders is required, they should be strong, firmly Management / of ladders and conveyance secured and have a hand rail; where materials are conveyed down Administrative of materials from heights slope by gravity, there should be adequate barriers to check material rolling down slope. Disaster preparedness and Enhance training of the project workers on Disaster preparedness Management / response and response Administrative Table 5: Environmental Issues Issues Recommendations Type of Action Negative landscape effects Project proponent should establish site rehabilitation and/or after Administrative due to Presence of use plan. The after use plan should identify suitable beautification abandoned construction and landscaping plans to be implemented within and around the materials, pits and heaps of site. debris/wastes Dust emissions The use of PPEs is recommended for both manual and mechanized Administrative operations while watering of the aggregates within the project site should be mandatory for mechanized operations Excessive noise and Adherence to the Noise and Excessive Vibrations Regulations, 2009 Administrative vibrations 3 Table 6: Socio-Economic issues Issues Recommendations Type of Action Underage persons working in the Ensure that no minors work in the site Administrative construction site Alcoholism and Drug abuse Ensure no alcohol or drugs are available in the site Administrative Inadequate advisory services by Scheduled regular inspections and site meetings/Barazas Administrative relevant Government departments HIV/Aids prevalence Awareness creation on HIV/Aids in and around the Administrative construction site 1.3 Environmental Management Plans (EMP) For the effective implementation of the mitigation measures, monitoring and remedial requirements presented in the EIA, a systematic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) should be set up. Environmental Auditing of the project will be done against the EMP and advise the necessary remedial actions required. The proponent and the Environmental Consultant through contractual means could enforce these remedial actions. An Environmental Assessment has been completed for the proposed laboratory project, according to the requirements given in the EMCA 1999 and it’s Subsequent Legal Notice No. 101 of 2003. The environmental aspects that have been thoroughly studied include Air quality impact; Noise/vibration impact; Water supply and quality impact; Effect on vegetation; Disposal of storm waters; Energy supply and use; Waste management implications; Landscape and visual impact; Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) requirements. A brief summary of the mitigation measures is given below for ease of reference. Table 7: Environmental monitoring/Management plans for the construction phase Expected Negative Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame Estimated Impacts Cost (Kshs.) High Demand of 1. Source building materials from local Resident Project Manager Throughout Raw materials suppliers who use environmentally & Contractor construction friendly processes in their operations. period 2. Ensure accurate budgeting and Resident Project Manager Throughout estimation of actual construction & Contractor construction material requirements to ensure that period the least amount of material necessary is ordered. Part of the main budget 3. Ensure that damage or loss of Resident Project Manager Throughout materials at the construction site is kept & Contractor construction minimal through proper storage. period 4. Use of some recycled/refurbished or Resident Project Manager Throughout salvaged materials to reduce the use of & Contractor construction raw materials and divert material from period landfills. 5. Specify locations for trailers and Civil Engineer, Architect 1 month equipment, and areas of the site that and Resident Project should be kept free of traffic, Manager equipment, and storage. 6. Designate access routes and parking Civil Engineer, Architect 1 month within the site. and Project Manager 7. Introduction of vegetation (trees, Architect, Resident Project Monthly to 100, 000.00 shrubs and grass) on open spaces and Manager & Landscape Annually their maintenance., especially at the specialist front side of the development 8. Design and implement an Architect & Landscape During the appropriate landscaping programme to specialist beginning help in re-vegetation of part of the phase of the 4 project area after construction. project Increased storm 1. Roof water to be harvested and The Civil Engineer, During the 100, 000.00 water, runoff and stored in underground/ground Mechanical Engineer and beginning soil erosion reservoirs for use in cleaning and in Resident Project Manager phase of the the toilets. To ensure the use of such project water for the stated purposes, the building should be fitted with a dual water distribution system 2. A storm water management plan The Civil Engineer, 1 month that minimizes impervious area Mechanical Engineer and infiltration by use of recharge areas Resident Project Manager 50, 000.00 and use of detention and/or retention with graduated outlet control structure will be designed. 3. Apply soil erosion control measures The Civil Engineer, 1 months such as leveling of the project site to Mechanical Engineer and reduce run-off velocity and increase Resident Project Manager infiltration of storm water into the soil. 4. Ensure that construction vehicles are The Civil Engineer, Throughout restricted to existing roads to avoid soil Mechanical Engineer and construction compaction within and around the Resident Project Manager period project site. 5. Ensure that any compacted areas are Civil /Mechanical Eng. 2 months ripped to reduce run-off. and Project Manager 50, 000.00 6. Open drains all interconnected will Civil Engineer Throughout be provided on site. construction 7. Roof catchments will be used to Civil Engineer Throughout collect the storm water for some uses construction such as washing of floors and period landscaping Increased solid 1. Use of an integrated solid waste Resident Project Manager Throughout waste generation management system i.e. through a & Contractor construction hierarchy of options: reduction, period sorting, re-use, recycling and proper disposal 2. Through accurate estimation of the Resident Project Manager One-off sizes and quantities of materials & Contractor required, order materials in the sizes and quantities they will be needed, rather than cutting them to size, or having large quantities of residual materials. 3. Ensure that construction materials Resident Project Manager One-off left over at the end of construction will & Contractor be used in other projects rather than being disposed of. 4. Ensure that damaged or wasted Resident Project Manager One-off construction materials including & Contractor cabinets, doors, plumbing and lighting fixtures, marbles and glass will be recovered for refurbishing and use in other projects 5. Donate recyclable/reusable or Resident Project Manager One-off residual materials to local community & Contractor groups, institutions and individual residents local Use 6. of or home owners. durable, long-lasting Resident Project Manager Throughout materials that will not need to be & Contractor construction replaced as often, thereby reducing the period amount of construction waste 50, 000.00 generated over time 5 7. Provide facilities for proper handling Resident Project Manager One-off and storage of construction materials to & Contractor reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or exposure. 8. Purchase of perishable construction Resident Project Manager Throughout materials such as paints should be done & Contractor construction incrementally to ensure reduced period spoilage of unused materials 9. Use building materials that have Resident Project Manager Throughout minimal or no packaging to avoid the & Contractor construction generation of excessive packaging period waste 10. Use construction materials Resident Project Manager Throughout containing recycled content when & Contractor construction possible and in accordance with period accepted standards. 11. Reuse packaging materials such as Resident Project Manager, Throughout cartons, cement bags, empty metal and Mechanical Engineer & construction plastic containers to reduce waste at Contractor period the site 12. Dispose waste more responsibly by Resident Project Manager, Throughout dumping at designated dumping sites Mechanical Engineer & construction or landfills only. Contractor period 13. Waste collection bins to be Project Manager, Throughout provided at designated points on site Mechanical Eng.& construction Contractor period 14. Private waste disposal company to Resident Project Manager, Throughout be contracted to transport and dispose Mechanical Engineer & the project life the solid waste from site Contractor cycle Dust emission 1. Ensure strict enforcement of on-site Resident Project Manager Throughout speed limit regulations & Contractor construction 2. Avoid excavation works in extremely Resident Project Manager Throughout dry weathers if and when possible & Contractor construction 3. Sprinkle water on graded access Resident Project Manager Throughout 100, 000.00 routes when necessary to reduce dust & Contractor construction generation by construction vehicles period 4. Personal Protective equipment to be Resident Project Manager Throughout worn construction Exhaust emission 1. Vehicle idling time shall be Resident Project Manager Throughout minimized & Contractor construction 2. Alternatively fuelled construction Resident Project Manager Throughout equipment shall be used where & Contractor construction feasible; equipment shall be properly period tuned and maintained 50, 000.00 3. Sensitize truck drivers to avoid Resident Project Manager Throughout unnecessary racing of vehicle engines & Contractor construction at loading/offloading points and period parking areas, and to switch off engines at these points Noise and 1. Sensitize construction vehicle drivers Resident Project Manager Throughout vibration and machinery operators to switch off & Contractor construction engines of vehicles or machinery not period being used. 2. Sensitize construction drivers to Resident Project Manager Throughout 50, 000.00 avoid gunning of vehicle engines or & Contractor construction hooting especially when passing period through sensitive areas such as churches, residential areas and hospitals 6 3. Ensure that construction machinery Resident Project Manager Throughout are kept in good condition to reduce & Contractor construction noise generation period 4. Ensure that all generators and heavy Resident Project Manager Throughout duty equipment are insulated or placed & Contractor construction in enclosures to minimize ambient period noise levels. 5. The noisy construction works will Resident Project Manager Throughout entirely be planned to be during day & all site foreman construction time when most of the neighbors will period be away at work. Increased energy 1. Ensure electrical equipment, Resident Project Manager Throughout consumption appliances and lights are switched off & Contractor construction when not being used period 2. Install energy saving fluorescent Resident Project Manager Throughout tubes at all lighting points instead of & Contractor construction bulbs which consume higher electric period energy Part of the 3. Ensure planning of transportation of Resident Project Manager Throughout main budget materials to ensure that fossil fuels & Contractor construction (diesel, petrol) are not consumed in period excessive amounts 4. Monitor energy use during Resident Project Manager Throughout construction and set targets for & Contractor construction reduction of energy use. period High Water 1. Harness rainwater for some uses Mechanical Engineer, Throughout Demand such as general cleaning, in the toilets proponent and Resident construction & gardening, hence the need for a dual Project Manager period water distribution system within the building 2. Install water conserving taps that Resident Project Manager, One-off turn-off automatically when water is proponent & Contractor not being used as wells low flush toilets and waterless urinals 3. Promote recycling and reuse of Resident Project Manager Throughout water as much as possible (need for a & Contractor construction dual water distribution system within period 100, 000.00 the building) 4. Install a discharge meter at water Resident Project Manager One-off outlets to determine and monitor total & Contractor water usage 5. Promptly detect and repair water Resident Project Manager Throughout pipe and tank leaks & Contractor construction 6. Sensitize staff to conserve water by Resident Project Manager Throughout avoiding unnecessary toilet flushing & Contractor construction etc. 7. Ensuring taps are not running when Resident Project Manager Throughout not in use & Contractor construction Generation of 1. Provision of means for handling Mechanical Engineer & One-off wastewater sewage generated by construction Resident Project Manager workers 2. Conduct regular checks for sewage Mechanical Engineer & Throughout pipe blockages or damages since such Resident Project Manager construction Part of the vices can lead to release of the effluent period main budget into the land and water bodies 3. Monitor effluent quality regularly to Mechanical Engineer & Throughout ensure that the stipulated discharge Resident Project Manager construction rules and standards are not violated period Machinery/ 1. Arrangements must be in place for Resident Project Manager, Continuous 50, 000.00 7 equipment safety the medical examination of all Developer & Contractor construction employees before, during and after termination of employment 2. Ensure that machinery, equipment, Resident Project Manager, One-off personal protective equipment, Developer & Contractor appliances and hand tools used in construction do comply with the prescribed safety and health standards and be appropriately installed maintained and safeguarded 3. Ensure that equipment and work Resident Project Manager, Continuous tasks are adapted to fit workers and Developer & Contractor their ability including protection against mental strain 4. All machines and other moving Resident Project Manager One-off parts of equipment must be enclosed or guarded to protect all workers from injury 5. Arrangements must be in place to Resident Project Manager Continuous train and supervise inexperienced workers regarding construction machinery use and other procedures/operations 6. Equipment such as fire extinguishers Resident Project Manager Continuous must be examined by a government authorized person. The equipment may only be used if a certificate of examination has been issued 7. Reports of such examinations must Resident Project Manager Continuous be presented in prescribed forms, signed by the examiner and attached to the general register Incidents, 1. Ensure that materials are stored or Resident Project Manager Continuous accidents and stacked in such manner as to ensure dangerous their stability and prevent any fall or occurrences collapse 2. Ensure that items are not Resident Project Manager Continuous stored/stacked against weak walls and partitions 3. All floors, steps, stairs and passages Resident Project Manager Continuous of the premises must be of sound & Contractor construction and properly maintained 4. Securely fence or cover all openings Resident Project Manager One-off in floors & Contractor 5. Ensure that construction workers Resident Project Manager Continuous are not locked up such that they would & Contractor 50, 000.00 not escape in case of an emergency 6. All ladders used in construction Resident Project Manager One-off works must be of good construction & Contractor and sound material of adequate strength and be properly maintained 7. Design suitable documented Resident Project Manager One-off emergency preparedness and & Contractor evacuation procedures to be used during any emergency 8. Such procedures must be tested at Resident Project Manager Every 3 regular intervals & Contractor months 9. Ensure that adequate provisions are Resident Project Manager One-off in place to immediately stop any & Contractor 8 operations where there is an imminent and serious danger to health and safety and to evacuate workers 10. Ensure that the most current Resident Project Manager One-off emergency telephone numbers posters & Contractor are prominently and strategically displayed within the construction site 11. Provide measures to deal with Resident Project Manager Continuous emergencies and accidents including & Contractor adequate first aid arrangements 12. Ensure that provisions for Resident Project Manager, Continuous 50, 000.00 reporting incidents, accidents and Developer & Contractor dangerous occurrences during construction using prescribed forms obtainable from the local Occupational Health and Safety Office (OHSO) are in place. 13. Enforcing adherence to safety The Contractor, Resident Continuous procedures and preparing contingency Project Manager& Site plan for accident response in addition Safety Officer to safety education and training shall be emphasized. 14. Ensure that the premises are Developer Annually insured as per statutory requirements (third party and workman’s compensation) 15. Develop, document and display Resident Project Manager, One-off prominently an appropriate SHE policy Developer & Contractor for construction works 16. Provisions must be put in place for Resident Project Manager One-off the formation of a Health and Safety Committee, in which the employer and the workers are represented occupational 1. Well stocked first aid box which is Resident Project Manager One-off health and safety easily available and accessible should & Contractor risks during be provided within the premises construction 2. Provision must be made for persons Resident Project Manager One-off period and to be trained in first aid, with a & Contractor occupational certificate issued by a recognized body. phase 3. Fire fighting equipment such as fire Resident Project Manager One-off extinguishers and hydrant systems & Contractor should be provided at strategic locations such as stores and construction areas. 4. Regular inspection and servicing of Resident Project Manager Every 3 the equipment must be undertaken by & Contractor months a reputable service provider and 50, 000.00 records of such inspections maintained 5. Signs such as “NO SMOKING” must Resident Project Manager One-off be prominently displayed within the & Contractor estate, especially in parts where inflammable materials are stored 6. Enough space must be provided Resident Project Manager One-off within the premises to allow for & proponent/residents/ adequate natural ventilation through contractor circulation of fresh air 7. There must be adequate provision Resident Project Manager One-off for artificial or natural lighting in all & Contractor parts of the premises in which persons are working or passing 9 8. Circuits must not be overloaded Project Manager & Continuous Contractor/ proponent 9. Distribution board switches must be Resident Project Manager One-off clearly marked to indicate respective & Contractor circuits and pumps 10. There should be no live exposed Project Manager & Continuous connections Contractor/ proponent 11. Electrical fittings near all potential Project Manager & One-off sources of ignition should be flame Contractor/ proponent proof 12. All electrical equipment must be Project Manager & One-off earthed Contractor/ proponent 13. Develop a suitable system for the Resident Project Manager One-off safe collection, recycling and disposal & Contractor/ of chemical wastes, obsolete chemicals proponent/residents and empty chemical containers to avoid their reuse for other purposes and to eliminate or minimize the risks to safety, health and environment 14. Ensure that all chemicals used in Resident Project Manager One-off construction are appropriately labeled & Contractor/ or marked and that material safety data proponent/residents sheets containing essential information regarding their identity, suppliers classification of hazards, safety precautions and emergency procedures are provided and are made available to employees and their representatives 15. Keep a record of all hazardous Resident Project Manager Continuous chemicals used at the premises, cross- & Contractor/ referenced to the appropriate chemical proponent/residents safety data sheets 16. There should be no eating or Resident Project Manager Continuous drinking in areas where chemicals are & Contractor/ stored or used proponent/residents 17. Provide workers in areas with Resident Project Manager One-off elevated noise and vibration levels, & Contractor/ with suitable ear protection equipment proponent/residents such as ear muffs 18. Ensure that construction workers Resident Project Manager One-off are provided with an adequate supply & Contractor of wholesome drinking water that should be maintained at suitable and accessible points. 19. Ensure that conveniently Resident Project Manager One-off accessible, clean, orderly, adequate and & Contractor suitable washing facilities are provided and maintained in within the site 20. Provision for repairing and Resident Project Manager One-off maintaining of hand tools must be in & Contractor place 21. Hand tools must be of appropriate Resident Project Manager One-off size and shape for easy and safe use & Contractor 22. Height of equipment, controls or Resident Project Manager One-off work surfaces should be positioned to & Contractor reduce bending posture for standing workers Oil Spills 1. A designated garage section of the Resident Project Manager Continuous 5, 000.00n site fitted with oil trapping equipments per month 10 to be planned for changes. Such an area will be well protected from contaminating the soil Increased Food 1. Construction workers will be given Resident Project Manager Continuous Supply/demand breaks to go for lunch & Contractor 50, 000.00 2. Onsite canteen to supply food if Resident Project Manager Continuous possible & Contractor Hydrology and 1. Hazardous substance control and The Mechanical Engineer, Continuous Water Quality emergency response plan that will Resident Project Manager, Degradation include preparations for quick and safe Contractor & the Part of clean up of accidental spills. Developer erosion 2. Hazardous-materials handling The Mechanical Engineer Continuous control procedures to reduce the potential for a spill during construction Vector /Water 1. Complete refuse collection and Mechanical Engineer Continuous Borne Disease handling service to be provided Incidence Possible Exposure 1. Shall be mitigated by occupational Contractor & all foremen Continuous to Diseases health and safety standards enforcement 50, 000.00 Increased 1. Coordinate with other planning Contractor and the Continuous Pressure on goals and objectives for region Developer Infrastructure 2. Upgrade existing infrastructure and Contactor and the Continuous services, if and where feasible. Developer Insecurity 1. Appoint security personnel operating Security Officer, Resident Continuous 24 hours Project Manager & Police 2. Body-search the workers on entry, to Security Officer Continuous Part of avoid getting weapons on site, and general leaving site to ensure nothing is stolen. safety 3. Ensure only authorized personnel Security Officer Continuous get to the site Air Pollution 1. Suitable wet suppression techniques The Contractor & Site Continuous need to be utilized in all exposed areas Safety Officer Part of dust 2. All unnecessary traffic must be The Contractor & Site Continuous control strictly limited on site; speed controls Safety Officer are to be enforced Emergence of new 1. Due to the nature of the project, the Firm of Experts. Continuous environmental Firm of experts shall carry out concerns during monitoring and evaluation. More so an 100, 000.00 the construction initial environmental audit will also be phase carried within a period of 12 months after commencement of the operations 1.4 Operational Phase EMP The necessary objectives, activities, mitigation measures, and allocation of responsibilities pertaining to prevention, minimization and monitoring of significant negative impacts and maximization of positive impacts associated with the operational phase of proposed Health Care Project are outlined in the table below Table 8: Environmental Management Plan for the operation phase Environmental Mitigation Responsibility Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring When and Concerns Means Frequency by: Budget Safety Such holes should be Management Observation One off An EIA Ksh. filled with soil or to ensure that activity Expert and 20,000 Likely open covered with a any open pits the areas concrete cover that is are covered management. 11 heavy enough not to be lifted by children to prevent accidental falls. Safety -Place sand filled Management Observation Continuous An EIA Ksh. buckets in strategic to ensure activity Expert and 20,000 Fire outbreak places; Install a fire that all fire the preparedness hydrant preferably fighting management. near the main mechanisms entrances; Train all are put into workers in fire fighting place and subject them to frequent fire grills; All windows should be fitted with openable grills Health and Waste bins should Management Observation Continuous An EIA Ksh5, 000 Safety never be placed within to ensure that activity Expert and per month For Patients the patients’ waiting this is the and general shades, especially those implemented management. public holding medical waste Health and All staff within the Management Observation Continuous An EIA Ksh5, 000 Safety facility should be in to ensure that activity Expert and Lack of protective gears at all this is the protective times implemented management gears Health Reporting all incidents Management and Observation Continuous An EIA Safety within and accidents to to ensure that activity Expert and the facility include details of: -The this is the nature of the accident implemented management. Accidents or incident; The place and time of the accident or incident; The staff who were directly involved; Any other relevant circumstances Health and -Evacuate the Management Observation Continuous An EIA Safety contaminated area; to ensure that activity Expert and Decontaminate the this is the Spillages eyes and skin of implemented management. exposed personnel immediately; Inform the designated person (usually the Waste Management Officer), who should coordinate the necessary actions.; Determine the nature of the spill; Evacuate all the people not involved in cleaning up if the spillage involves a particularly hazardous substance; Provide first aid and medical care to injured individuals; Secure the area to prevent exposure of additional individuals; Provide 12 adequate protective clothing to personnel involved in cleaning- up; Limit the spread of the spill; Neutralize or disinfect the spilled or contaminated material if indicated; Collect all spilled and contaminated material. [Sharps should never be picked up by hand; brushes and pans or other suitable tools should be used. Spilled material and disposable contaminated items used for cleaning should be placed in the appropriate waste bags or containers. -Decontaminate or disinfect the area, wiping up with absorbent cloth. The cloth (or other absorbent material) should never be turned during this process, because this will spread the contamination. The decontamination should be carried out by working from the least to the most contaminated part, with a change of cloth at each stage. Dry cloths should be used in the case of liquid spillage; for spillages of solids, cloth impregnated with water (acidic, basic, or neutral as appropriate) should be used. -Rinse the area, and wipe dry with absorbent cloth. -Decontaminate or disinfect any tools that were used. -Remove protective clothing and decontaminate or disinfect it if necessary. -Seek medical attention if exposure to hazardous material has occurred during the 13 operation. Latrines and The walls and floors of Management Observation One off An EIA Ksh.300, other public the latrines and walls activity Expert and 000 areas of public areas should the be fitted with white management. smooth tiles for easy cleaning Water Initiate roof water Management Observation One off An EIA Ksh.200, harvesting harvesting and install are fixed activity Expert and 000 and storage water storage tanks the facilities management. Poor waste -Construct a well Management Observation A continuous An EIA Ksh.500, disposal functioning incinerator activity to Expert and 000 -sort waste at source ensure that the -connect all laboratory appropriate management. sink to a functioning solid and biomedical liquid liquid waste waste treatment management system. is established Lack of -The management Management Observation Continuous An EIA Ksh. enough should plan for the activity Expert and 10,000 vegetation establishment of trees the per month cover around and other aesthetic management. the Health plants within and Care Facility around the facility 1.5 Decommissioning Phase In addition to the mitigation measures provided in the tables above, it is necessary to outline some basic mitigation measures that will be required to be undertaken once all operational activities of the health care project have ceased. The necessary objectives, mitigation measures, allocation of responsibilities, time frames and costs pertaining to prevention, minimization and monitoring of all potential impacts associated with the decommissioning and closure phase of the project are outlined in the table below. Table 9: Environmental Management/Monitoring Plan for the decommissioning phase Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Time Frame 1. Demolition waste management All buildings, machinery, equipment, structures and partitions that will Contractor, One-off not be used for other purposes must be removed and recycled/reused as Proponent far as possible All foundations must be removed and recycled, reused or disposed of at a Contractor, One-off licensed disposal site Proponent Where recycling/reuse of the machinery, equipment, implements, Contractor, One-off structures, partitions and other demolition waste is not possible, the Proponent materials should be taken to a licensed waste disposal site Donate reusable demolition waste to charitable organizations, individuals Contractor, One-off and institutions Proponent 2. Rehabilitation of project site Implement an appropriate re-vegetation programme to restore the site to Contractor, One-off its original status Proponent Consider use of indigenous plant species in re-vegetation Contractor, One-off Proponent Trees should be planted at suitable locations so as to interrupt slight lines Contractor, Once-off (screen planting), between the adjacent residential area and the Proponent development. 14 2. AUXILLIARY INFORMATION 2.1 Budget TOTAL PROJECT COST Kshs.XXXXXXXXXXXX 2.2 Monitoring Guidelines Continuous observations and assessment is essential so that if unforeseen dangers are noticed, alternatives are sort for. Risk assessment of fire outbreaks, and others should not be ignored in the construction plan. Waste management within the project site should be strictly followed. Mitigation measures of storm water management are essential. Safety standards should constantly be maintained. In brief, monitoring guidelines could be based on the following parameters:  Health and safety measures using such standards as the laid down regulatory framework  Water demand, availability and use  Waste management  Quality management systems  Laboratory Bio-safety  Accidents and risk assessment arising from the use of water, roads, electricity and or any other amenity  Conservation and establishment of vegetation cover 2.3 Reporting Constant reporting by the site contractor to the architect is necessary to ensure the project is executed as per the architectural drawings. The safety officer should always remain on site to report any safety concerns for urgent mitigation. He should also at all times enforce safety requirements as per the relevant legislations. The contractor must consult the architect to maintain a clear understanding of all the aspects of the project. 2.4 Conclusion and Recommendations During the preparation of this report for the proposed laboratory development it was observed and established that most of the negative impacts on the environment are rated low and short term with no significant effect. They are all localized with no residual effects. The positive impacts are highly rated and will benefit all stakeholders at large. The project proponent has proposed to adhere to prudent implementation of the Environmental Management Plan. They are obtaining all necessary permits and licenses from the relevant authorities and have qualified and adequate personnel to do the project as proposed. They have proposed adequate safety and health mitigation measures as part of the relevant statutory requirements They could therefore be licensed to implement this project subject to adherence to the Environmental Management Plan proposed in this report and the statutory requirements. 15 3. APPENDICES Architectural Designs and Drawings and NEMA Licenses 16 4. REFERENCES i. Assessment of Small-Scale Incinerators for Health Care Waste, Completed for: Water, Sanitation and Health Protection of the Human Environment World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland. By Stuart Batterman Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan 109 Observatory Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, January 2004 ii. Hospital Waste Management and Environmental Assessment at selected facilities, JSI – PAIMAN Project, with the support of USAID. December, 2006. iii. Kenya gazette supplement Acts 2000, Environmental Management and Coordination Act Number 8 of 1999. Government printer, Nairobi iv. Kenya gazette supplement Acts Building Code 2000 by government printer, Nairobi v. Kenya gazette supplement Acts Land Planning Act (Cap. 303) government printer, Nairobi vi. Kenya gazette supplement Acts Local Authority Act (Cap. 265) government printer, Nairobi vii. Kenya gazette supplement Acts Penal Code Act (Cap.63) government printer, Nairobi viii. Kenya gazette supplement Acts Physical Planning Act, 1999 government printer, Nairobi ix. Kenya gazette supplement Acts Public Health Act (Cap. 242) government printer, Nairobi x. Kenya gazette supplement number 56. Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations 2003. Government printer, Nairobi xi. Managing Health Care Waste Disposal: Construct, Use, and Maintain a Waste Disposal Unit, September 2004, Prepared with the assistance of the World Health Organization, Africa Region, Harare, Zimbabwe; and IT Power India, Pvt. Ltd., Pondicherry, India Funded by PATH, Seattle, Washington, USA xii. Managing Health Care Waste Disposal: Construct, Use, and Maintain a Waste Disposal Unit, September 2005, Prepared with the assistance of the World Health Organization, Africa Region, Harare, Zimbabwe; and IT Power India, Pvt. Ltd., Pondicherry, India Funded by PATH, Seattle, Washington, USA xiii. Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health, National Policy on Injection Safety and Medical Waste Management 17