68758 CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR MEDIUM AND SMALL CITIES IN VIETNAM HA LONG VÀ CAN THO CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR HALONG CITY ALLIANCES – WORLD BANK – MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning Address: 37 Le Dai Hanh St., Hanoi, Vietnam Telephone: 84.4.8217636 Fax: 84.4.9 764 339 NIURP WB TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER I..............................................................................................................................3 VISION STATEMENT ..............................................................................................................3 CHAPTER II.............................................................................................................................5 STRATEGIC OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................5 1. THE EXISTING SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HALONG CITY .................................... 6 2. THE CITY IN THE REGION AND PROVINCE............................................................................. 6 3. OVERALL SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR HALONG CITY................. 7 4. A VISION FOR THE CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR HALONG .................................. 8 5. THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF HALONG CITY AND THE OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN ITS DEVELOPMENT.................................................................................................. 8 6. KEY OBJECTIVES FOR THE CDS OF HALONG CITY ............................................................ 10 CHAPTER III..........................................................................................................................12 KEY THEMES WITH STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ................................................................12 THEME I - URBANIZATION........................................................................................................... 13 1. GENERAL CONTEXT AND URBANIZATION TENDENCY IN VIET NAM ..................................13 2. THE EXISTING ECONOMIC SITUATION AND URBANIZATION TENDENCY OF HA LONG CITY AND QUANG NINH PROVINCE ......................................................................................................16 THEME 2 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ......................................... 30 PART I - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HA LONG CITY ........................................................ 30 1. CURRENT SITUATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN HA LONG CITY .........................30 3. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................33 4. IDENTIFYING DEMANDS: ...........................................................................................................34 5. DIFFICULTY AND OBSTACLES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT............................................47 PART II – URBAN TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT....................................... 48 1. DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT ........................................................................................................48 2. URBAN TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE EXISTING SITUATION ...........................................48 3. DEVELOPMENT ASSUMPTIONS: ..............................................................................................50 THEME 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HA LONG CITY AND HA LONG BAY ..................................................................................................................................... 63 1. BASES ..........................................................................................................................................63 2. EXISTING SITUATION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY OF HA LONG CITY AND HA LONG BAY...................................................................................................................................................64 3. ASSUMPTION FOR DEVELOPMENT .........................................................................................66 4. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................66 5. REQUIRMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MANAGEMENT .........................67 6. CONSTRAINTS IN MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF HA LONG ENVIRONMENT ........67 THEME 4 - FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF HA LONG CITY ................................................... 70 1. CURRENT SITUATION OF FINANCE AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT .................................70 2. MAIN DRIVERS AND ASSUMPTION ..........................................................................................72 3. MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF FINANCE AND FIANCIAL MANAGEMENT ........................................72 4. CONDITIONS TO ENSURE THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF OBJECTIVES......................................73 5. LIMITATIONS OR OBSTACLES FOR DEVELOPMENT .............................................................74 THEME 5 - URBAN POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT IN HA LONG CITY .................................... 75 1. ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING SITUATION: ................................................................................75 City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 2. KEY OBJECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................82 3. DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION.................................................................................................83 4. TARGETS FOR MEETING OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................83 5. SOLUTIONS .................................................................................................................................84 THEME 6 - URBAN GOVERNANCE ............................................................................................. 87 1. APPROACH..................................................................................................................................87 2. URBAN MANAGEMENT EXISTING SITUATION IN HA LONG: .................................................87 2. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVESSUPPOSITIONSASSUMPTIONS AND MOTIVATIONS :................94 3. DIFFICULTY IN ACHIEVING THE ABOVE OBJECTIVES: .........................................................96 CHAPTER IV .........................................................................................................................97 FIRST PRIORITIZED PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS OF HALONG CITY ....................97 THEME 1: OF URBANISATION .................................................................................................... 98 THEME 2: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................... 99 THEME 3: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE-PRIORITIES OF INFRASTRUCTURE PART............. 102 THEME 4: THEME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT....................................................... 105 THEME 5: URBAN POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT .................................................................. 106 THEME 6: URBAN GOVERNANCE ............................................................................................ 107 CHAPTER V ........................................................................................................................108 ACTION PLAN.....................................................................................................................108 1. ACTION PLAN - THEME 1 - UBANIZATION ........................................................................... 109 2. ACTION PLAN – THEME 2 – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ....... 111 3. ACTION PLAN – THEME 3 - ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ............................................. 116 4. ACTION PLAN – THEME 4 - FINANCE MANAGEMENT ........................................................ 118 5. ACTION PLAN – THEME 5 - POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND JOBS CREATION .................. 120 6. ACTION PLAN – THEME 6 - URBAN GOVERNANCE............................................................ 121 CHAPTER VI .......................................................................................................................123 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORKS .........................................................123 1. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORKS OF URBANIZATION............................. 124 2. MONITORING FRAMEWORK AND EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.......... 126 3.MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF URBAN TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................................................... 127 4. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .......... 128 5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT HA LONG CITY AND HA LONG BAY ................................................................................................ 129 6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ............ 131 7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND JOBS CREATION ................................................................................................................................... 133 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE .................. 134 APPENDICES......................................................................................................................135 2 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance CHAPTER I VISION STATEMENT 3 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance By the year 2020, Ha Long will be the city of tourism, sea port industry, commerce service, playing the role of the core urban in the Northern region of Vietnam, a place attracting investment and tourism in the world with a growing, dynamic, stable economy which is friendly with the environment. Ha Long city will become an urban developing harmoniously in Ha Long Bay World Heritage Site with the living environment equipped by technical and social infrastructure meeting international standard, an eco-urban typical for special heritage- culture, ensuring high living standard for all the people. 4 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance CHAPTER II STRATEGIC OVERVIEW 5 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 1. THE EXISTING SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HALONG CITY Halong City, located in the northern economic focus area in Quang Ninh Province , is one the fastest urbanizing cities in Vietnam. Its economy is dominated by the service sector, particularly tourism, and an industrial sector which has historically been linked to mining and processing of coal. Its location and the improving transportation links will enable the city to take advantage of increasing international trade with China and to develop its regional role. However, the preservation of the Halong Bay, as a World Heritage listed site, and its balancing the management of the Bay with rapidly growing tourism, and industry, increased international trade and urbanisation, are major strategic challenges for the City’s development strategy. GDP (m VND) 2, 411, 000 Share of GDP Agricultural Sector 2.05 Industrial Sector 44.17 Service Sector 53.78 GDP per capita (VND 1,000,) 21,740 GDP per capita (USD ,) 1, 342 Population (2004) 193,090 Urbanisation % of total population (2005) 91.1 Area (km2) 222,5 Source: website of Halong City and MPI Note: All financial figures are at standardised 1994 prices 2. THE CITY IN THE REGION AND PROVINCE 2.1. The Socio-Economic Development Orientation for the Northern Key Economic Region Toward 2010 and the Vision toward 2020 6 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance The regional context for the development of Halong City is set in the plans for the Northern Key Industrial region. This region makes a significant contribution to the overall economy of Vietnam and this is projected to increase in the period up to 2020. The region’s contribution to central budget revenue will rise from 23% in 2005 to 26% in 2010 and 29% in 2020. In particular it is anticipated that there will be significant expansion of the Region’s export role with export value per capita planned rising from 447 USD in 2005 to 1,200 USD in 2010 and 9,200 USD in 2020. One of the drivers of regional growth is intended to be an increase in productivity resulting from training for a more skilled labour force. Expanding employment opportunities would reduce unemployment (to around 6.5%) and to contribute to further decreases in poverty with the proportion of poor households projected to be below 0.5% by 2020. By the end of this decade it is intended that infrastructure improvements will provide universal access to potable water for urban residents and access to 90-95% of rural residents to clean water. 2.2. The Master Plan for Socio-Economic Development of Quang Ninh Province toward 2020 The Master Plan for Quang Ninh sets targets for Provincial economic development to 2020 and identifies the major infrastructure and city services necessary to support growth which will deliver a projected increase in its contribution to national GDP to between 10-12% by 2020. The Provincial Master Plan envisages that economic development will be achieved through further industrialisation, in parallel with social-cultural development and protection of the natural environment. It forecasts changes in the relative importance of economic sectors – specifically, an increase in the economic contribution of the service and industrial sectors and a further decrease in agriculture and forestry. Coal mining is planned to continue to play a key part of the Provincial economy with the volume of coal extracted and processed projected to increase significantly from 39-41 million tonnes in 2010 to over 50 million tonnes by 2020. Port services (based on Cai Lan Harbour), transport, waste and wastewater treatment as well as education and training, are highlighted as key areas of importance to support socio-economic development. Extensions in vocational training are projected to increase the proportions of trained workers in the labour force to 35- 40%. The Province intends to create integrated water drainage systems, wastewater and solid waste storage and treatment plants for urban areas, industrial zones and tourist areas. The target for access to clean water for rural residents is 95-100% by 2020. 3. OVERALL SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR HALONG CITY This City Development Strategy has been developed to meet the objectives of the the socio economic plan for the City of Halong to 20101. This focuses on developing the city’s economic structure through increased activity in the tourism and service sectors, manufacturing and design, shipbuilding, production of construction materials and exports. The annual rate of economic growth of the city is planned to rise from 12.6% in 2005 to 14% by 2010. By the end of the decade it is intended that the city will become a regional and national centre for industry, tourism and commerce. At that time the city will provide less than 10% of the total output of coal for Quang Ninh province and the existing open cast coal mines in Ha 1 The Master Plan was developed by the Quang Ninh Department of Planning and Investment in 2002 7 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Tu and Ha Lam are scheduled to close in 2011. However this still amounts overall to an increase in coal production in the city from 3.7 m tonnes in 2000 to 3.8-4 million in 2010. It is intended that the city will have an increased access to a supply of skilled labour with the proportion of skilled/trained labour rising from from 62% of the labour force in in 2005 to 70% by 2010. The city is implementing the national program of clean water with the commitment to provide all residents with access to clean water by 2010. By then it is planned that 85% of household waste will be collected and that a waste water treatment system will be in place to ensure that all wastewater is treated before being discharged into Ha Long Bay. 4. A VISION FOR THE CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR HALONG The key components of the City’s Vision to 2020 that it will be: • The core urban area for the Northern Region of Vietnam • The gate city and custodian of Halong Bay, a natural World Heritage • A thriving centre for tourism, a sea port and a commercial centre at national and international level The City will have: • a growing, dynamic but stable economy • an economy in harmony with its environment • technical and social infrastructure to international standards • a high standard of living for all its inhabitants 5. THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF HALONG CITY AND THE OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN ITS DEVELOPMENT Strengths Halong is already a highly urbanized and rapidly growing city. There is extensive construction activity taking place particularly in Bai Chay. The World Heritage listing of Halong Bay generates a large number of domestic and international tourists supported by a well established tourism services sector. This provides one pillar for the city economy. The other pillars are the mining industry and a production sector which has a significant number of new enterprises which use modern information technologies. As a result of its economic and urban development the City has a lower ratio of poor households than the surrounding region and compared with other Vietnamese cities, and enjoys increasing standards of living overall. The City is located at a focal point of the Provincial and regional transportation systems with good links to China, an international port and the recently opened bridge at Bai Chay. Its water, and sanitation infrastructure are being improved with donor support. The City has a balanced budget with increasing revenues and foreign investment. It has been successfully implementing block grant reforms. Administrative reforms have already resulted in both a simplification of investment procedures and devolution of capital investment in construction to wards and communes Weaknesses However, the rapid urban growth of the city has been largely uncontrolled resulting in degradation in the natural environment through encroachment of the city, and threatening areas on which the City depends for its tourism. Local mining, treatment and transportation of coal have also added to environmental pollution. The location and topography of the city places limits on its expansion with the result that land prices have risen as population grows and demand increases. The supply of basis services, including water and sewerage, is 8 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance problematic to some areas away from the urban centre’s of the city. So, while official statistics show relatively little poverty overall in terms of family income, some areas of the city are lacking in basic infrastructure and the relatively high level of average income has been maintained by employment in a limited number of industries, notably mining. Economic growth and rapid urbanisation are also increasing differentials in income and living standards between urban and rural areas and between the low-lying areas close to the city and the more mountainous parts of the north. There is an absence of an overall plan for the management of the Halong Bay area which is essential if any balance is to be achieved between maintaining the natural environment with the continuing exploitation of mining resources and making full use of new port facilities. The plan prepared in 1999 has never received Government approval and is in need of updating. At present the responsibilities of the City and the Province for environmental management overlap so making precise roles unclear. Unofficial immigration is placing increasing pressures on the residential housing market. It also contributes to the problem that though the labour force is growing it is without the necessary training and skills to support high value added and high technology industries. Concerns about labour training is also one of the factors that has resulted in Quan Ninh Province’s score in the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) falling between 2005 and 2006 from a position where the Province was deemed by business to be one of the Provinces most amenable to and supportive of the development of the private sector, to being only judged as “average�2 Opportunities The city’s location and its transportation links provide the potential for it to develop as the urban service centre for the red River Delta. It can connect the northern key economic region to the northern coastal region and as the entry point for the south west region of China provides access to China’s rapidly growing national economy. Access to the Chinese market and the opportunity for further growth in international tourism could further integrate the city into the international economy and provide the basis for the envisaged export industry focus (both in products and services). There is international support for and interest in the conservation and protection of the Halong Bay World Heritage area. The fund established from mining revenues to revert the environment to its previous state provides a potentially significant sources of funds to contribute to environmental reconstruction. The Province’s investment will give priority to construction projects in the City adding to the potential for mobilizing domestic and international finance for infrastructure development. Threats Residential and infrastructure investments will require greater focus if they are not to contribute further uncontrolled urban development resulting in further rises in land prices. The major threat to the development of the city is that the management of the natural environment does not keep pace with urbanization and industrial developments resulting in further environmental degradation and undermining the potential for growth of tourism. The projected demands for investment capital are massive (between 17 and 22,000 billion VN 2 The Provincial Competitiveness Index was developed by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) and the USAID-fund-ed Vietnam Competitiveness Initiative (VNCI) to assess and rank provincial governments by their regulatory environments for private sector development, based mainly on the views of private sector businesses. Quang Ninh Province was ranked 7th out of 42 Provinces surveyed in 2005 with an index of 62.9 but by 2006 had fallen to 25th position of 64 Provinces with an index score of 53.25 Vietnam Provincial Competiveness Index 2005 and Vietnam Provincial Competiveness Index 2006, VCCI, the Asia Foundation. 9 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance dong for the period 2006-2010) with sources of investment funding not yet clearly identified. While the levels of official poverty are relatively low, there is potential for poverty to increase if there is further unofficial immigration and as land prices continue to increase. 6. KEY OBJECTIVES FOR THE CDS OF HALONG CITY To meet the objectives of the region and deliver the City’s vision for its future, the strategy must build on the city’s comparative advantages, its strengths, but address directly the current weaknesses potential threats to the successful achievement of its objectives. The overall strategic objective for the city’s future economic development is that it will become a regional and national centre for tourism and a regional centre for industry. commerce and services exploiting the potential from the new port at Cai Lan and the city’s comparative advantage in terms of its access to natural resources and its geographical location. There is particular need to provide further impetus to the development of high technology industries and, for reasons discussed further below, industries which do not have detrimental environmental impacts if there is to be an effective move from the domination of extractive industries in the local and regional economy. Development of high technology industries will require a physical and technological infrastructure supported by trained and skilled labour. The pace and pattern of further urban growth needs to accommodate and be integrated with several demands. Inward migration of labour (some of it informal) generates the specific need to be able to provide affordable housing for the growing urban population which will provide the labour force for the tourism and service sectors, but in a context o rising land prices. To support the growth of the tourism sector the city’s urban landscaping will require improvement and maintenance. Urban landscaping especially park space, open space and public transportation space should also contribute to improving the overall quality of life of urban residents of the city. However, there will need to be a balance between urban development and the maintenance of the Halong Bay environment. It is well recognised by the city and all its stakeholders that a major objective of the development strategy is to maintain a delicate balance between further industrial development and urban growth with retention of the natural environments in and around Halong Bay on which future national and international tourism will depend. Although the city does not carry the administrative responsibility for the management of Halong Bay the management and protection of the environment of city, as well as a key component of its economic development, is linked intrinsically to the future and protection of Ha Long Bay. This points to three strategic objectives for the city’s environmental management. The first is to provide a healthy living environment for the local residents and in local settlements within the city. But the second is to protect and manage Halong Bay as a World Heritage natural resource as part of the joint commitment between the Vietnam Government and UNESCO . The third is to use and develop this natural heritage facility and resource for tourism in manner which is sustainable. Meeting these objectives of maintaining controlled and sustainable urban growth with adequate environmental management will require adequate physical and social infrastructure including extending and upgrading the electricity and water treatment networks, and facilities for the collection and treatment of waste. Improving access to health care and education facilitates which meet national standards are major social objectives The official figures for families living below the poverty line indicate that poverty is not an extensive problem in Halong City The strategic objective for the city is to ensure that the 10 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance number of families living below the official poverty line is reduced even further with no families having to live in extreme poverty. In the short to medium term, employment creation will make a significant contribution to alleviating poverty which requires both an increase in the size of the labour market and an improved skill base, but also increased opportunities for business development in the poorer wards and amongst poorer households. However, tackling the emerging and increasing differentials in income and living standards between the urban areas and the more remote rural and mountainous areas of the city, and between some of its urban wards, will also require focussed investment in infrastructure, including social infrastructure, in the poorer wards of the city, including Ha Khanh, Ha Trung and Tuan Chau. More controlled and focussed urbanisation, economic and social development and infrastructure requires a more focussed and prioritised approach to investment. The strategy needs to focus around two key dimensions. The first is to attract increasing private investment through a combination of administrative reforms and sound management of the state budget. The second is to provide an effective basis for decentralisation of financial management and investment decisions from Provincial to municipal government, and from municipal government to ward and commune levels. At the same time that mechanisms are being put in place to achieve a effective de- centralisation of finances and decisions, it will be necessary also to develop mechanisms for more concerted regional investment 11 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance CHAPTER III KEY THEMES WITH STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 12 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME I - URBANIZATION 1. GENERAL CONTEXT AND URBANIZATION TENDENCY IN VIET NAM Urbanization speed and percentage of urbanization in the world are forecasted to increase very rapidly in the next few decades. In the period of 1950-2000, the global average percentage of urbanization increased from 29.36% (735,000 urban residents) to 48.16% (2.9 billion urban residents). This rate is forecasted to be 63% in 2025, which is equivalent to 5.1 billion urban residents,. Table 1: Urban population and global percentage of urbanization in the period of 1995-2000 and forecast toward 2025 Total world population Total world urban Percentage of Year (1000 people) population (1000 people) urbanization (%) 1950 2,503 735 29.36 1975 4,078 1,561 38.27 1985 4,642 2,013 41.57 2000 6,129 2,953 48.16 2025 7,998 5,107 63.85 Source: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Urban area is known as a place promoting national economic growth. The increasing of Urbanization is directly proportional to the value added contribution from industry, service and commercial sector to GDP of the province and the nation; for example, urbanization rate of Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippine and Viet Nam is 81.2%, 53.6%, 35.4%, 22.3% and 20.8% equivalent to the contribution rate of 91%, 71%, 78%, 77% and 75.7% from industrial and service sector to GDP in the mentioned countries. Figure 1: The percentage of GDP contributed to the industrial and service sector in Asia % ViÖt Nam 75.7 Philipine 77 Indonesia 78.5 Th¸i Lan 87 Hµn quèc 91 0 20 40 60 80 100 Hµn quèc Th¸i Lan Indonesia Philipine ViÖt Nam % 91 87 78.5 77 75.7 Urbanization process takes place very differently between developed countries and developing countries. The urbanization rate in developing countries is lower than that of developed countries but the speed of those is higher. According to the statistics of UNFPA, the average urbanization rate in developing countries is 4% per year. 13 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Table 2: Industry and Service Sectors’ Contribution to GDP is in direct proportion to the urbanization rate GDP from Industry and Urbanization rate Service (%) (%) 1995 2015 South Korea 91 81,2 92,5 Malaysia 71 53,6 67,4 Indonesia 78,5 35,4 53,7 The Philippines 77 22,3 34,5 Viet Nam 75.7 20,8 38,2 Source: World Bank, UNCHS This tendency is a challenge to the developing countries due to limited resources for economic development, management capability of urban governments, slow speed of science and technology application. In addition, pressures of energy, water sources, land and natural resources are on the rise. The migration tendency of rural residents to big cities to find job opportunities leads to the over concentration of population in several big cities (or mega cities) and causes negative impacts due to overloaded situation. 1.1 TENDENCY AND PROJECTIONS OF VIET NAM URBANIZATION Vietnam population is at the third rank in the South East Asia, the 14 rank in the world and the population density is high compared to other countries. In 2005, population of the whole country was approximately 83.1 million people, in which urban population was 22.23 million people, accounting for 26.8% (General Dept of statistic, 2006). The factors of internal strength and characteristics on geology, culture and economy of a region or an urban area, city will decide the form and speed of urbanization. Viet Nam has its own characteristics such as three fourths of its topography are mountain, two big delta regions including Red river delta and Cuu Long river delta which is favorable for urban development. Over 30% of urban population are currently concentrating in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh city (Sharpe. Henry and Quang. Nguyen, 2004). Positive impacts from urban development and urbanization process Over 20 years of renovation, Vietnam has implemented the open door policies on politic, economy and culture and has obtained a lot of significant achievements, especially in economic development and poverty reduction. The economic growth rate has reached 7%/annum in average and has increased to 7.4%/annum over the past 5 years. The poor household rate (as per international standard) has decreased from 58% in 1993 to just 27% in 2003. In order to meet the above mention targets, it is necessary to mention the un small contribution of 70% from urban sector to GDP (CDS WB 2006). Average income in urban area has increased from 100USD in 1990 to 289USD in 1995 and 420USD in 2001 (conference summary record of sustainable development, 2004). In 2005, the total number of labor force was 42.7 million people, of which 18.7 million people worked in industry, construction and service sector (CEDP, 2006). 2.8 million out of 7.5 million new jobs from industry and service sectors have been created in the period 2000 to 2005. Labor structure changed to the industrial and service direction in the period of 1995-2005: 14 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Agricultural labor force reduced from 71.7% in 1995 to 56.8% in 2005. Industrial labor force increased from 11.4% in 1995 to 17.9% in 2005. Service labor force increased from 17.5% in 1995 to 25.3% in 2005. The industrial ratio has raised from 22.7% in 1990 to 33.3% in 2000 equipvalent to urbanization rate increased from 19% in 1990 to 22-23% in 2000 (GSO, 2004 and MOC 2004) FDI has been considerably improved and achieved at $14.3 billion in the period of 2001- 2005, increased by 40% as compared to the previous 5 years. Investment basically invested in industry, construction and service accounting for 95%. It focused on two regions, the red river plani region occupied 17% and the south east region took up 68% of the total investment cap Negative impacts of urban development and urbanization: Experiencing similar characteristic of urban growth with other developing countries, urbanization rate in Vietnam over the past years was to be not resemble to economic growth rate observed by a number of urban researchers. This leads to the following impacts: Exploitation of natural resources, human resources for urban development have failed to be recognized in the angle of regional development, limited to the mobilization capacity as well as ineffective application of mechanism. The limited role of small and medium size cities in respect of economic development, jobs creation, income was the major reasons that attributed the migration tendency from rural area to urban areas and over population in some big cities particularly Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh city. Uncontrolled construction development in suburban areas increasingly threaten protected landscape, agricultural areas around urban areas and sustainable development. In a short time, so rapid increasing of migrants to the big cities leads overloaded state on infrastructure facilities and create great challenges for urban poverty reduction target. 1.2 PROJECTIONS OF URBANIZATION IN VIET NAM UNTIL 2020 Urbanization rate in Viet Nam was 20% in 1990 and rose to 26.8% in 2005 (equivalent to 22,23 million people). This means that the average increasing of urban population was half a million annually (excluding migrant labors and people living in urban areas without having permanent residence register3) (Nandy, 2004). In 1999, there were 633 towns with its population of 18,076 million (IMV 2007). In 2005, there were 708 towns and cities (urban areas) with its population of 22,23 million people accounting for 26.8% of total population. Viet Nam urban system includes 2 cities of special category Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh city and the remaining number are as follows (Ministry of Construction, 2005): Cities (towns) category 1: 2 Cities (towns) category 2: 14 Cities and provincial towns (towns) category 3: 20 Provincial towns, townlets (towns) category 4: 53 Townlets (towns) category 5: 617 Based on the master plan for urban development until 2020, it is predicted that by 2020 the population would be about 100 million with population growth rate of around 1.7%/annum 15 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance and it is envisaged that urban population will account for 45% (equivalent to 46 million people) and will increase by 1 million persons per annum in average. Figure 2: The comparison of targets of the 3 economic focus areas Tû lÖ ®« thÞ ho¸ 100 % 80 60 45 40 33 19.3 20 20.75 24.7 25.8 20 0 1986 1990 1995 2000 2003 2010 2020 n¨m 1986 1990 1995 2000 2003 2010 2020 Table 3: Trend of urbanization in Viet Nam in period 1986-2003 and forecast until 2020 Unit: mill. persons Year 1986 1990 1995 2000 2003 2010 2020 Number of urban 480 500 550 649 656 - - areas Urban population 11.87 13.77 14.93 19.47 20.87 30.4 45.0 Urban population 19.3 20.0 20.75 24.7 25.8 33.0 45.0 rate/national population (Published in 2006) National policies have been mentioned in CDS are: Comprehensive strategy of growth and poverty reduction Urban development Master plan orientation by 2020 5 year socio-economic development plan in period of 2006-2010 Central resolution of socio-economic development strategy and national protection for red river plain region Key directions of socio-economic development for the northern focal economic region until 2010 and vision toward 2020 2. THE EXISTING ECONOMIC SITUATION AND URBANIZATION TENDENCY OF HA LONG CITY AND QUANG NINH PROVINCE According to the Decision No 145/2004/QD-TTg approved by the Prime Minister of the Government on major orientation of socio-economic development in the Northern key economic region toward 2010 and vision toward 2020, Region consists of 8 provinces and centrally managed cities including: Hanoi, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Ha Tay, Vinh Phuc and Bac Ninh. 16 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance In 2005, population of the whole region was 13,381,000 people, percentage of urbanization is 30.7%, in which, the percentage of urbanization of Quang Ninh province was 47.4%. Hanoi had the highest percentage of urbanization of 64.8% in region while Ha Tay had the lowest percentage of urbanization of 9%. Ha Long city-Quang Ninh province are located in the big strip of coastal corridor in the North. Cai Lan habor port situated in Ha Long City plays a big role of open door towards the sea for the whole country in the North (to South Western provinces of China and Northern provinces of Laos). Port economy has been considered as a key oriented industry of Quang Ninh province. The value of import-export goods and commodities passed the port has achieved over 700 million USD/annum. The major commodities like coal, sea products, kaolin, cinnamon and aniseed have been exported. The main markets include China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. Playing a role of an important pole in the triangle growth of Ha Noi – Hai Phong –Quang Ninh with advantages for development of habor port, tourism, mineral, convenient transport system, Ha Long has many advantages and opportunities to develop in the future. Quang Ninh socio-economic development strategy in the scenario of focal economic area is structured with programs as follows: Construction of Van Don economic complex Construction of the national road from Noi Bai-Ha Long-Mong Cai Reconstruction of the railway system Yen Vien-Pha Lai-Ha Long Construction of deep sea port and Cai Lan industrial zone 2.1 QUANG NINH PROVINCE Economic development:For the period 1996-2003: the provincial economic growth had reached 9.5%, higher than that of 9.03% and 6.09% of the Red River Delta and of the whole country respectively. The economic structure has been changed toward industry and service sectors. However, the service sector’s development has failed to satisfy the set targets, particularly GDP in 2003 has been as follows: Industry: 47.8% Service: 43.4% Agriculture: 8.8% In term of industrial production, mining industry and sea product processing industry still gain the advantage, the proportion of mining industry is 56% and processing industry is 40%. Urbanization Currently, the provincial urban network consists of 1 city, 3 towns and 11 district towns. The urban areas were basically formed from houses of coal mine workers and administrative area, town and district town. Ha Long city and three communes are distributed in the coastal area and along the road No 18A. The urbanization rate was 48,5% in 2005 with the urban population of 518,900 people. In the period of 1996-2003, Quang Ninh had the urban growth rate of 3.5%, lower than the average level of the whole country. The urban area has contributed greatly to economic growth of the province with GDP share of 68%. 17 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Table 4: Urbanization tendency of province in the period 1995-2004 1995 2000 2003 2004 Population(thousand people) 941 1020 1058 1067 Urban population (thousand people) 408.4 450.6 489.3 518.9 Figure 3 – Contribution of urban areas into the development of province Chi ng©n s¸ch vµo ®« 76 thÞ/tæng chi ng©n s¸ch §ãng gãp GDP cña ®« 75 thÞ/GDP cña TØnh D©n sè ®« thÞ/tæng d©n sè 51.4 DiÖn t�ch ®« thÞ/diÖn t�ch tù 20.7 nhiªn 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % Population at working age accounted for 61%. Labor in coal exploitation accounted for 64.8%, being the highest rate of total labor force in industry sector which accounted for 64.8% in 2003 (67,494 labors) and 63.3% in 2005 (72564 labors). 2.2 HA LONG CITY Ha Long is classified as category 2, a provincial city, an important pole for development of the Northern key economic region, and server as a counterpoise to Ha Noi region and is the driving- force to stimulate economic development of the urban chain of coastal regions in the North. Ha Long also plays an important role of connection and expansion to Asia-Pacific Sea of the economic corridor axis Con Minh – Lao Cai – Quang Ninh, in which Cai Lan deep water port is the strategic trade gateway for the region. The city is also well known for Ha Long Bay – a Natural World Heritage and as a dynamic economic region. Economic development: The City GDP structure was transited from increasing industrial and service production. Table 5: Economic structure transition in the period 1995-2004 Economic structure 1995 2000 2004 1 Service 38,96 41,17 44,17 2 Industry and construction 57,99 57,51 53,78 3 Agriculture 3,05 1,32 2,05 Exploitation and food processing industry significantly occupied 72% of the total industrial production value of which exploited coal output made up 40.6%. In 2000, the exploited coal output was 3.78 million tons that was increased by 2 times as compared with the year of 18 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 1995. Electricity production reached 131.5 million KWh increased by 3 fold as compared with the year of 1995. Table 6: The growth rate of clean coal and electricity production were made by Ha Long city and Quang Ninh province. City Province City/Province (%) Volume of clean coal in 1995 1,39 7,53 18.4 (million ton) Volume of clean coal in 2000 2,78 11,032 25.2 (million ton) Volume of electricity in 1995 43,83 223 19.6 (million KW/h) Volume of electricity in 2000 131,5 427 30.8 (million KW/h) Number of visitors to the city has been increasing. In 1995, the total number of visitors was 239,685, in 2000 was 1,151,600 visits and in 2005 was 2,286,000. Total number of visitors to Ha Long City in 2005 was 2,286,000 of which international tourists was 1,058,000. Turnover from tourism, hotel and restaurant in 2005 was 668 billion VND of which tourism accounted for 17%, 31% was of hotels and 52% was of restaurant. There were 14 hotels in the area in 1990, 17 hotels in 1995 and 90 hotels in 2000 with the number of rooms was 245, 306 and 1800 respectively. Many tourism projects have been invested and put into operation such as Tuan Chau, Hung Thang international tourism areas, and many large scale hotels are being constructed. Urbanization: After the August Revolution in 1945, Hon Gai became the capital of the mining region. The geographical border was expanded toward the West direction (Ha Long news 2005). On December 27th, 1993, the Prime Minister promulgated the Decree No 102 ND/CP on upgrading Hon Gai provincial town to Ha Long city. In 2003, Ha Long city was recognized the urban city of the 2nd class with the area of 208,55 km2, of which the inner area was 14.64 km2 and 193.6 km2 of the outer area). In 2003, there were 20 administrative units in the city, including 8 urban wards (Bach Dang, Hon Gai, Yet Kieu, Hong HaI, Hong Ha, BaI Chay, Cao Thang, Tran Hung Dao), and 8 suburban wards (Ha Khau, Cao Xanh, HaTrung, Gieng Day, Ha Phong, Ha Khanh, Ha Khau, Ha Tu) , 4 suburban communes including Dai Yen, Viet Hung, Hung Thang, Tuan Chau (Project of urban upgrading for Ha Long city, 2002). In 2005, Ha Long city has the total registered population of 200,000 people (according to statistic year book, 2005) with Kinh group as the major part removed from other provinces in the development process, the crowdest area is in the northern plain provinces. Because of its topography, it is divided into two areas by the Cua Luc channel in the East and West Average population growth rate in the period of 1995-2000 was 5.8% per year, in the period of 2000 - 2005 was 1.9% per year, in which the natural growth rate decreased from 1.13% in 2000 to 0.96 in 2005. Urban population growth rate in the period of 1995-2000 was 3.8% per year, which was lower than the total number and 2.6% per year in the period of 2000-2005. Ha Long is one among the fastest development cities nation-wide. However, there has been no census on non- official labors. Document of City Development Strategy (2006) shows that residents without residence register accounted for at least 15% of population of big urban areas around 3,000 people. In the period of 2000-2005, among 18 urban wards of the city, Tuan Chau ward has 19 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance the highest average urban population growth rate of 10.7% per year, followed by Hong Hai ward with the average urban population growth rate of 4.4% per year. In 2004, the number of labor force working in the territory of the City is 119,894 persons (accounting for 60% of the City population) of which: Other wards have population growth rate from 1 to 2.5% per year. Labor in industry sector: 35,749 persons, accounting for 29.8% Labor in trade and tourism sectors: 23,852 persons, accounting for 19.8% Labor in agriculture and fishery sectors: 16,370 persons, accounting for 13.7%. The change of urban border of Ha Long city in the periods 1993-2005 Figure 4 – Comparison of population density of several cities in Vietnam D©n sè toµn thµnh phè (1000 ng−êi) 7000 5731 6000 5000 4000 3083 3000 1771 2000 2000 1120 765 898 1000 0 Hµ Néi H¶i phßng HuÕ §µ N½ng Bµ RÞa Hå Ch� H¹ Long Vòng Tµu Minh 20 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Table 7: Current situation of population of Ha Long city No Item 1995 2000 2005 The whole city 137,088 181,632 200,000 Average population growth rate in the period (% per year) 5.8 1.9 1 Urban area 132,699 160,026 182,133 Average urbanization rate (% per year) 3.8 2.6 2 Suburban area 4,389 21,606 17,867 3 The percentage of urbanization (% over total population) 96.8 88.1 91.1 Labor structure of the mining industry had a big ratio of 17,347 labors, accounting for 14.5% of total labor force. Together with economic growth, average income per capita increased from 6.4 million VND (403USD) per capita in 1990 to 11.2 million VND in 2000 (700USD) per capita per year (higher than the average number of the whole country which was 6.4 million VND - 400 USD) (Socio-economic development Master plan, 2002). Trained labors accounted for 39.73%. Unemployment rate was 2.9% (6.4%) in 2005. In the past 5 years, there have been 21,750 laborers getting jobs. Every year, the city mobilizes approximately 1,420 billion VND to provide loans to 6,000 households for employment settlement. Urban land area is 14,375 ha, accounting for 64.6% of the City total land area4. The city has high population density but distributed unevenly. The average density is 873 persons/km2, but Tran Hung Dao ward has the highest population of 15,188 perosns/km2 while Dai Yen ward has the lowest population of 180 persons/km2. Figure 5: Population Density of wards in Ha Long city in 1996 MËt ®é d©n sè (ng−êi/km2)1996 14000 11600 12000 10500 10000 7500 7400 8000 6100 6000 5200 3500 4000 2700 2600 2300 2400 2000 1300 1200 1000 500 400 200 400 0 H¹ b¹ch yÕt trÇn cao cao hµ lÇm hµ hµ tu hµ hµ hång hßn b·i giÕng hµ hïng tuÇn long ®»ng kiªu h−ng xanh th¾ng trung phong kh¸nh hµ gai ch¸y ®¸y khÈu th¾ng ch©u ®¹o Land fund for the City development became a big challenge. With its complex mountainous and hilly topography, the majority of land fund, which is suitable for urban development, is mainly concentrated in the strips of land at coastal area. The current land fund for development is mainly agriculture land, forest land and encroached sea land. In 2000-2003, there were 1,384 ha of enlargement land from encroached sea land and alluvial grounds (Ha Long city land use plan, 2005). Environmental problems caused by these mentioned 4 Unused land accounting for 34.62%, most of them are empty land, treeless hill and unused water surface (land usage planning 2005) 21 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance activities should be reviewed. A small group of suburban residents living on strips of salted land, aquatic farming must suffered from the shortage of cultivate land for production and non agricultural jobs. In the period 2001-2005, land area for urban development has increased from 3,400ha to 5,600ha (land use plan, 2005). Land fund for public welfare works was quite low, especially land for school, healthcare, market satisfying only 50% of the demand. The economic effectiveness of real estate projects failed to be high; Cover capacity of implemented projects at industrial zones wasn’t high. Urban landscape: Ha Long city is located in side the area of Ha Long bay, a natural world heritage. Hence, Ha Long city has close relation with this natural world heritage site. Its urban architectural landscape in particular and city landscape in general will significantly contribute to the quality of Ha long bay’s environment. In Ha Long City, there are many passing chains of mountains which belong to Dong Trieu bow-shaped range of mountain. In term of natural topography, there is a curved surface embracing Ha Long Bay. The main sloping direction of the topography is from North Western to South Eastern. To the West, there are chains of mountain belonging to Dai Yen and Viet Hung Communes and mountains near the southern sea area in Bai Chay Ward. To the East, there are rolling hills and mountains in Ha Tu, Ha Khanh, Ha Trung, Ha Lam, Cao Xanh, etc. System of rivers and streams such as: Troi river, Man river, Yen Lap river created city’s divided natural topography The land encroached on sea was constructed in 2003 (City land use plan toward 2005) Source: City land use plan in 2005 In recent years, rapid urbanization process and tourism attraction driving force of Ha Long City with Ha Long Bay as world heritage have been increased constantly and led to the problem of increasing construction scale, causing great impacts to landscaping and environment quality in general. Most construction are hotels, motels, entertainment and 22 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance recreation facilities, etc, especially in Bai Chay area. The architecture surface has also been changed and small scale architecture works have been replaced with high rised modern hotels. The completed Bai Chay Bridge will make contribution to the City’s modern urban surface. Systems of spaces, greeneries, parks, flower gardens, street greeneries have been improved but they haven’t combined into system and completed. Landscaping created by greeneries, hill trees have been degraded due to uncontrolled material exploitation and demolishment. Housing demand has increased in line with urban development process. Private houses have been upgraded from 1-2 floor to 4-5 flours. High rise apartment buildings areas have gradually been developed. 3. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES As mentioned in the city’s vision, city strategy is mainly focused on service and tourism development. The strategy not only plays a strategic role on economic development but also is viewed as effective methods to protect Ha Long bay’s environment and a significant diver to develop Ha Long bay and Quang Ninh Province. This strategy is very important and suitable in the province’s development context with its traditional key industry is coal mining. However, labor force being insufficient in number and weak in quality particularly in service and tourism sector are the great challenges. This mission is viewed as a strategic objective. Ha Long city is located in Ha Long bay, a natural world heritage. Hence, Ha Long city should has closer relation with this world heritage site. To achieve development objectives especially tourism development and Ha Long bay’s environmental protection, the formulation of urban design framework strategy for city is very important to create an individual image and friendly environment. Ha Long City is the gateway of Ha Long Bay. However the specific and welcoming image, especially in Bai Chay area remains limited and unclear. No due attention has been paid to street landscaping of the road route near the sea which is considered as interfere area between Ha Long Bay and the City to attract tourism. The number of construction works with considerable and sighting points is limited in numbers and unclear. Urban construction facilities have failed to be arranged and constructed comprehensively to serve tourists and visiting passengers. Proposals on development direction of areas in Halong City included in the General Plan of Development of Ha Long City are considered as a tool for management of development and need to be realized and supervised the compliance. Currently, urban areas are basically built so as to enlarge land fund rather than strongly develop the height of buildings and exploit effectively land use. Due to land fund for construction with its complex natural topography, high pressures of land requirements for building residential apartments to be increased according to the projections of workers in industrial sector and mechanical population growth rate in the coming years. It needs to set up housing strategy for workers early. If this strategy is implemented, a competitive image in respect of housing for construction worker model as compared with other big cities in Viet Nam will be created. 23 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 4. ASSUMPTIONS BROUGHT OUT IN THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Potentiality and the role of region: The City has the potentiality to become a service urban area, a gateway of Gulf of Tonkin and a growth pole for key economic area in the North, northern coastal area and southern China area with its infrastructure advantage such as deep-sea port, tourism service center. Population and job market growth Ha Long is one of the fastest development cities in the nationwide. However, city’s population size should be increased to ensure supplying demands for labor market, consumption capacity and attractiveness of investment sources. Ha Long and Vung Tau are both provincial city and classified as category II. Although, the two city have the same position in the growth triangle in the north and in the south, Ha Long city’s population is only 200,000 people while Vung Tau city reaches 280,000. Ha Long city also has a lot of advantages in the region to attract qualified labor force compared to that of other cities in the region, especially in service and tourism development. Nevertheless, population growth rate in the period 2002- 2005 was only 3.1%. This showed that attraction level of the City residents and urbanization process was lower than prediction and could be affected by 2 objective reasons: The 1st: 3- year duration is quite short period of time compared to the prediction of 18 years from 2003 to 2020. It is difficult to create material facilities and strong driving forces for sudden population growth; The 2nd: unofficial statistics figure on population exclusive unofficial immigration to the city. In fact, this population scale accounted for only 15-25% of official population scale It is predicted that population size in town by 2010 will be 250,000 people and 415,000 until 2020 with the increasing of population density from 833 people per km2 to 1,923 people per km2 by 2010 and 3,192 people per km2 until 2020. Potentials and opportunities for tourism development: Viet Nam tourism has achieved the high growth speed in tourism development. The increasing rate of international traveler reached 15.4% per year and 7.9% per year of local ones. In 2005, Viet Nam received 3.2 million of international visitors and 15 million of local ones. With tourist potentials, rich natural landscape, particularly the improvement of material facility system and technical infrastructure, tourist advertisement programs and stable political institution increase Viet Nam‘s competition capacity in the region in the coming years. To strive for the achievement of GDP average growth in tourism in the period 2001-2010 is from 11-15% per year of which from 5.5 to 6 million of the international visitors will come to Viet Nam and from 25 to 26 million local travelers. Revenue is brought by tourism will be $4 to $4.5. Billion According to tourism development strategy toward 2010 : Ha Long is a tourism attraction point of the Northern tourism region. The city is situated at the connecting point between two economic corridors leading to China, which is very convenient and potential for tourism development of the region in the South of China with Ha Long – Mong Cai tourism route being the core of the region. 24 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance The City is famous for two times recognized as the World natural heritage. These are significant advantages of Ha Long on potentiality of strong development in service and tourism sectors. Improvement of approach level to urban services Ha Long is one of northern urban areas which has high population growth rate. It is expected that the rate will be increased rapidly and dramatically in the next coming years. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the solution of construction of high rise apartment buildings for low- income and medium income workers in industry and tourism sectors. This strategy will be the solution to challenges of limited land area of Halong City. Experience from regional countries and big cities in Vietnam such as Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City show that construction of affordable residential houses and rental houses for low-income and medium-income people will be the solution to the problem of urban immigration. Exploitation of landscape advantages in the tourism development strategy Urban landscape is controlled and built so as to meet development demands, especially tourist service as well as to satisfy preservative objectives of Ha Long bay landscape and environment. 5. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE: Urbanization should link to human resource development, job creation and friendly information market development including make advantages of regional market on service, tourism and commerce. Construction of tourism vocational training center Ha Long city Housing plan for low income people toward 2010 and vision 2020 Divide into investing periods and set up pilot investment projects at suburban areas Set up data base of house for low income people Review and evaluate implementation process of housing policy for low income people Urban landscaping should be exploited to serve for the goal of economic growth in tourism. Urban landscaping should be preserved in balance between development and Halong Bay landscaping environment. Urban landscaping especially park space, open space and public transportation space should contribute to the improvement of urban resident living quality. Proposals that on built up areas in Halong City in the Construction Plan of Ha Long City is considered as a useful management tool for development need to be realized and supervised its enforcement. However, to be effective in terms of environment protection and tourism promotion proposed will need to give clearer priorities to tourism, environmental and cityscaping in 9 follow areas as details: Implement detailed plans the nine above areas to be able to manage them Divide into investing periods and implementing plans Set up data base to monitor and implement construction and preservative plan Park, flower garden and public space contribute an important position to life quality at city. These places should be given priority in investment. Landscape structure and spatial organization base on the following priorities: 25 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance City landscape of the City should be harmonized between the setting of built up areas with prominent characteristic of the Bay such as mountains, landscape... Landmarks should be selected one in the Eastern and one in the Western parts of Hon Gai. Key three way crossroads, intersection and squares should be gradually improved, up graded and completed to create attractive and friendly environments to city’s residents, tourists and visitors. System of parks in the City should be connected and improved. Raising the Community awareness on the contributable value of urban landscaping and city architecture toward a typical image of natural world heritage Ha Long city. Construction of new towns (urban areas) meets affordable housing demands of labor forces in tourism and industry sectors. Construct high rise buildings to serve for laborers working in industrial zones and ser vice sector Facilitate private sector to further develop and invest in commercial house projects Gradually up grade infrastructural facilities at the existing residential areas, develop and extend current housing budget. 6. DETERMINATION OF DEMANDS Tourism market growth: Estimated number of visitors based on scenario No 1: By 2010 total number of tourist passengers will be 3.1 million of which international passengers will be 1.2 million. By 2020 total tourist passengers will be 5 millions of which international passengers will be 2 millions. Demand for jobs and labor force in tourism and commercial-service sectors in the period 2005-2020 will be as follows: Table 8 - Demand for jobs and labor force in tourism and commercial-service sectors in the period 2005-2020 2005 2010 2020 Direct jobs/labors in tourism sector 12,542 15,000 35,000 (persons) Service labors 27,799 38,000 85,000 Table 9 - Demand for labor force in service and tourism sectors in period 2005-2010 2005-2010 2010-2020 Annual increase in labors of tourism sector (person) in average 490 2,000 Annual increase in service labors (person) in average 2,040 4,700 26 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Demands of Job market and housing fund for new labor force as follows: Average increase of job requirements would be 7.8% in the period 2006-2020 Number of Labor force working in service and tourist sector would reach 12,659 people and increase in the period 2006-2010 and 71,000 people in 2010-2020. Number of labor force working in industrial and construction sector would reach 12,817 people, increase in the period 2006-2010 and 50,000 in 2010-2020. Housing demands in the period 2006-2020 - Provisionally calculated by Viet Nam standard: 20m2 housing floor area per person. Job requirements in the period 2006-2010: Period 2006-2010: Total housing demands for labor force working in industry, service and tourism sectors in the period 2005-2010 would are : 25,476 laborers x 20m2/person = 509,520 m2 Table 10 - Total housing demands for laborers in the period 2005-2020 2005-2010 2010-2020 Number of Housing area Number of Housing area people (m2) people (m2) Service, tourist labor 12,659 71,000 Industry labor 12,817 50,000 Total demands 25,476 509,520 121,000 1,420,000 Period 2010-2020: Total housing demands for workforce in industry, service and tourism sectors in the period 2010-2020 are: 132,000 laborers x 20m2/person = 2,640,000 m2. 7. LIMITATIONS These objectives of population will only be achieved as long as the city can attract domestic and foreign investment, ensuring the 3 folds increase in employment compared to the existing number, particularly service – tourism sector and industry- construction sector. Trained labor force is remained low. Local job market is small. There is a great risk of conflicts between environmental protections versus development objectives. Coal exploitation industry influences on city environment and landscape in particular and Ha Long bay in general (natural resources exploitation, products transport). Up to now there hasn’t been any clear policies yet on these matters. Based on the coal development industry plan, VINACOMIN has full authority in this matter. Heavy industry such as: ship building, deep sea port, thermal electricity plant, cements plant are likely to affect environment. However, projects ranked at the Size A level aren’t controlled by city governance (approved by the Government). Thus, feedbacks raised from exploitation activities that caused adverse impacts, wasn’t considered in the making decision process. Significantly focus on exploiting tourism activities in the coastal line area also cause negative impacts on Ha Long bay’s environment. Harmonize conflicts of land use benefit for commercial purposes with green spaces, park, square for public activities. Solutions to the performance of effective construction methods should be proposed with its complex terrain, limitations of flat land fund for construction. The individuality for urban area to be created as well as the extension of land fund will play a very important role for the 27 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance development. Current construction density is still low, the city develops toward horizontal direction rather than vertical direction and dispersal. This kind of spatial structure not only increases expenditures in term of supplying infrastructure services but also limits land use capacity. 28 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 2 - DEVELOPMENT AXIS AND CENTERS Connecting Hanoi to Northern midland provinces Connecting to Cam Pha – Mong Cai Yen Lap lake Connecting to Cam Pha – Mong Cai LEGEND Main axis and directions Level 1: city arterial axis, Ha Long bay connecting with other regions in the country Level 2: connecting axis level 1 with the regional center Level 3: connecting sub centers in the region New urban area Existing major coal mine Development centers Limestone mountain Tourism and entertainment area Main city center: administration - service, commerce Area of sea encroachment according to land use planning Urban green: forest, green trees, parks toward 2010 Areas of service, tourism and high-standard hotels Rivers, sea Agriculture - forestry – aquaculture Functional center: New urban area - regional port – industry Contour; altitude (m) Industry - forestry - agriculture Functional center: New urban area - industry - technical infrastructure Ha Long bay - World Natural Heritage Geographical boundary of Ha Long city Old urban areas to be restored and developed 29 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE PART I - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HA LONG CITY 1. CURRENT SITUATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN HA LONG CITY 1.1 Growth trend and economic structure transfer Growth of GDP According to the Statistics Year book of Ha Long city: Total value (GDP) of the whole city in 2005 was 4,350 billion VND (contemporary price) – equivalent to 2,411 billion VND (price in 1994), increasing 1.83 times compared to GDP of 2000, with annual average increase of 12.9% (GDP of Quang Ninh Province increases averagely 12.7% per year). In the period of 2000-2005, GDP per capita increases from 12 million VND per capita per annum (732USD per capita per annum) to 22 million VND per capita per annum (1,342 USD per capita per annum). GDP structure GDP structure transfers to service-industry trend. Now, agriculture-forestry-aquaculture sector occupies small proportion in total GDP of the city (approximately 2%). There is a tendency of decreasing gradually in this sector in the coming period. Table 11. Economic structure reflected by GDP (%) Item 2000 2005 Agriculture – Forestry – Aquaculture sector 2.48 2.05 Industry – Construction sector 40.25 44.17 Service sector 57.27 53.78 Source: Statistics Year Book of Ha Long city in 2005. Role of economic sectors State economic sector still accounts for a very high percentage in total GDP of the city and there was the tendency of increasing slightly in the period of 2000-2005. Table 12. Economic structure reflected by GDP of economic sectors (%) 2000 2005 Item billion VND % billion VND % GDP of state economic sector 1,536.66 73.53 3,229.90 74.26 GDP of non-state economic sector 553.29 26.47 1,119.70 25.74 Total 2,089.95 100.00 4,349.60 100.00 Source: Statistics Year Book of Ha Long city in 2005. 1.2. Current situation of industrial development Statistics Year book in 2005 of the City shows that: 30 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance − GDP of industry sector in 2005 was 1,065 billion VND (calculated by price of 1994), increased averagely 14.94% per year in the period of 2000-2005. In which: Exploitation industry increased averagely 16.8% per year; Processing industry increased averagely 14.5% per year; Electricity and water supply industry increased averagely 8.8% per year. − The output of clean coal of the city increased from 2.5 million tons to approximately 6.2 million tons in 2005. − The number of laborers in industry sector in 2005 was 35,749 people – accounting for 29.8% of total number of laborers in other economic sectors, increasing 5.9% per year (1,908 laborers per year) in the period of 2000-2005. The political report by the City Communist Party Executive board term XI stated that: − Ship building industry has succeeded in making ships with capacity of 53 thousand tons, proving the industry’s capability and creating the potential in modern industry development. − Construction material production industry has been equipped with modern technology so that the quality of products is high, meeting exporting standard. − Goods production industries such as: beer and alcohol drink processing, beverage processing, garment industry have the growth rate of 19-21% per year; many customer goods (foods, packages,...) processing facilities have been constructed. − Many new products with high reputation have appeared in domestic and international market. 1.3. Current situation of service – tourism sector development The report of Ha Long city Communist Party Executive Board term 21st (term 2005-2010) stated that: • Service sectors have developed strongly with increasing service quality. • The city has mobilized many economic sectors to invest in exploiting and developing tourism potentials. From the year 2000 to 2005, the number of hotel rooms increased from 3,500 rooms to 6,300 rooms; the number of tourism ships increased from 230 to 372. The number of tourists coming to Ha Long in 2005 was nearly 2.3 million people, twice higher than in 2000, increasing averagely 14.7% per year. Direct revenue from tourism in 2005 was approximately 668.53 billion VND, 2.4 times higher than in 2000. Direct investment per annum in tourism of the city gets nearly 700 billion VND. • Commercial activities have developed rapidly in terms of scale and type. Market system, commercial centers,… have been improved. Total number of commercial enterprises in the city area is now 890, increasing 190% compared to in 2000; there are 6,900 business households, increasing 86% compared to in 2000. Total investment capital in commercial sector in 2005 was 1,167.8 billion VND, three folds higher than in 2000. • Sea-port economy has developed. Total amount of goods transacted through the local area in 2005 was approximately more than 10 million tons, increasing 40% compared to in 2000, in which total amount of goods loaded and unloaded at Cai Lan port was 3 million tons. Quality and capacity of transportation services have been improved. The amount of goods transfer increases 15.85% per annum. 31 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Tele-communication sector has been provided with modern equipments; service quality has been improved; the density of telephones has achieved 23.8 telephones for every 100 person, increasing 13.6 telephones compared to in 2000. 2. DEVELOPMENT ASSUMPTIONS In the process of world trade free integration in association with promptly urbanization trend, there are great challenges for City Development Strategy in the future. City Development Strategy is for improving economic structure through strengthening activities in tourism and services, manufacturing and design, ship building and export. Besides, environment quality takes an specially important part to be the strategic resource for economic development, however, it is threatened from high risk areas. Annual economic growth of the city from now to 2010 is expected to increase from 12.6% to 14%. In the end of this decade, the city will become the center of tourism and trade, industry of the region and nationwide. Trained labour proportion will be improved remarkable. In that context, the scenario to forecast the population size based on labour-aged population increase and labour attracting ability of economic sectors is: • Labour-aged population proportion is predicted based on current population age structure of the city (follow the investigation of population age structure on April 1st 1999) and assumptions of immigration in the city Labour resource in exploiting-industry-service sector is predicted that: • Labours in service is expected to increase gradually the density follow the economic growth; • Labours in tourism is predicted following the needs to respond tourism development; • Labours in industry - processing small scale industry is forecasted based on square of high-tech industrial zones which follows industrial development planning and assumptions of labours per hectare and covered proportion of industrial zones given by research group; • Labours in construction industry is predicted to increase because development investment and city widening process sets this need; • Labours in mineral exploiting industry is predicted to change not much due to the objective of remain the coal output at about 6 million tons per annum in the city area; • Labours in agriculture-forestry-aquaculture industry is predicted based on current labour within the city and areas proposed to merge into the city. Assumption of industry transfer ability of this labour group is about 50%; • Unemployment labour proportion and labour-aged proportion in group of housewife- losing strength-pupils in labour age are predicted not to change in comparison with that in 2005. To respond the development needs, investment capital needs to mobilized more in the coming years. To attract great capital as expected, investment environment must be improved more and density of non-state economic sectors must be increased too. Therefore, assumptions: • Investment environment related to administrative reforms, simplifying and clarifying investment procedures will be improved remarkable; 32 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Investment favoured policies will be improved to meet the advantages of Halong city, the city will be more active in investment decisions; • Developing well the attracting investment roadmap through activities of broadcasting, attracting investment periodically and focally. Encouraging private sectors to invest the society. 3. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES To get objectives of region and visions for the city in the future, City Development Strategy must be developed based on comparative advantages and strengths of the city. However, to implement it successfully, the city must solve directly the weaknesses and potential threats. 3.1. General objectives The strategic general objective for economic development of the city in the future is that the city will become the regional and national center of tourism and regional center of industry, commerce and service, exploiting potentials of new port in Cai Lan. Table 13. Forecast indices and economic growth (comparative price 1994 –billion VND) Item 2005 2010 2015 2020 Total GDP 2,411 4,560 8,875 17,100 + Agriculture-forestry- 49 60 75 100 aquaculture + Industry-Construction 1,065 2,500 4,900 9,500 + Service 1,297 2,000 3,900 7,500 Table 14. GDP growth rate (% per year): 2006 - 2010 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 Total added value (GDP) 13.3 14.5 14.2 + Agriculture-forestry- 4.0 3.9 3.7 aquaculture + Industry-Construction 16.8 16.6 16.4 + Service-Commerce 12.3 12.5 12.3 Economic structure: industry – commerce, service – agriculture. In detail: Table 15. GDP Structure (%) Current Objective Objective Objective situation 2005 toward 2010 toward 2015 toward 2020 + Agriculture-forestry- 2.05 1.0 0.5 0.5 aquaculture + Industry-Construction 44.17 51.0 51.5 51.5 + Service-Commerce 53.78 48.0 48 48 Source: Summary report Development Master Plan for industry and handicraft of Ha Long city in the period of 2006-2015, vision toward 2020 (February, 2006) 33 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 3.2. Strategic objectives of industry sector Industrial development in harmony with the environment and other economic sectors, taking advantage of potentials in natural resources and geographical location, contributing actively in economic growth, job creation and social development. Development Master Plan for industry and handicraft of Ha Long city toward 2015 and vision toward 2020 have identified strategic objectives in industrial development as followings: − Economic growth rate was 16.4-16.8% per year in the period toward 2020. GDP of industry will account for approximately 2,000 billion VND in 2010 and approximately 4,000 billion VND in 2020 (calculated by price in 1994). − Develop strongly and sustainably industries, invest in technology renovation, increase competitive capability of goods in the market, limit industries that pollute the ecology environment. − Diversify the participation of economic sectors, taking advantage of all resources to develop industry and handicraft. Policy on investment attraction should be promulgated. 3.3. Strategic objectives of tourism sector Sustainable tourism development with balance between: natural resources protection, environment, socio-economy following the supply-demand balance, being the core tourism center of Northern East coastal region with international standard in the period of 2010-2015. The master plan for tourism development of Ha Long city toward 2015 and vision toward 2020 have identified strategic objectives of tourism development as follow: + Preserving and restoring ecology environment of Halong gulf. Upgrading and improving waste disposal systems in tourism areas that impact directly on environment in Halong gulf. + Improving tourism quality to create the trade mark at international level for Halong tourism. + Enhancing to train tourism capacity. + Creating many jobs from tourism services. Strategic objectives of service-trade sector: + GDP increase of services is faster than total GDP increase of the city, remaining the contribution of services to total GDP of the city from 54-56%. + Creating the breakthrough development of commercial services, seaport. + Encouraging all economic sectors to contribute to services activities. + Creating jobs from services-commercial sectors. 4. IDENTIFYING DEMANDS: To promote economic development objectives based on project investment decisions, infrastructure, etc., it requires that the strategy must have principle in capital investment approach which is more focal and favoured. 34 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Demands of selected labours, land, infrastructure and capital investment must base on the principle that strategic objectives responded must be most effective, economic, feasible and limited effect on the environment. Demands are favourable when its effectiveness benefits much and strategically. Demands will be implemented periodically meeting the management, financial ability and be flexible mechanism to amend, update if necessary. Based on the above scenario, to respond strategic objectives of Halong city, demands of labours, infrastructure, finance are identified as follows: 4.1. Human resource – labour demand Table 16 - Forecast of population growth in the period of 2005-2020 No Items 2005 2010 2015 2020 Average increase 2006-2020 1 Population (people) 200,000 250,000 330,000 415,000 4.99% 2 Labour-aged 136,534 173,000 231,000 291,000 5.17% population (people) Compare with total 68.3% 69.0% 70.0% 70.0% population Table 17 - Forecast of labour demand in the period of 2005-2020 No Items 2005 2010 2015 2020 Average increase 2006-2020 1 Labour in 119,894 151,000 202,000 254,000 5.13% economic sectors (people) - compare with 87.8% 87.3% 87.4% 87.3% labour-aged population (people) a. Agriculture- 16,370 22,000 14,000 4,000 -8.97% forestry- aquaculture labour (people) b. Industry- 63,183 76,000 100,000 126,000 4.71% construction labour (people) c. Tourism labour 12,542 15,000 27,000 35,000 7.08% (people) d. Services labour 27,799 38,000 61,000 89,000 8.07% (people) 2 Unemployment 4,934 6,000 8,000 11,000 5.49% labour (people) 3 Housewife, lost 11,706 16,000 21,000 26,000 strength (people) 35 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Table 18. Forecast of demand for labor in industry and construction sector in the period of 2005-2020 No Items 2005 2010 2015 2020 1 Labor in mineral exploitation industry 18,086 19,000 19,000 19,000 2 Labor in processing industry – 33,940 41,000 59,000 79,000 handicraft 3 Labor in construction sub sector 11,157 16,000 22,000 28,000 Total labor of sector II 63,183 76,000 100,000 126,000 Table 19 - Forecast basis for labours in industry-construction sectors Basis 2005 2010 2015 2020 1 Total land area of hi-tech industrial 249 538 790 1,040 parks and clusters (ha) 2 Average number of labor in processing 136 110 100 80 industry – handicraft per ha (people) 3 Coverage percentage of land for 70 75 95 industry – handicraft (%) 4 - Proportion of labour in construction 18 21 22 22 sub-sector over total labor of sector II (%) 4.1. Demand of Urban Infrastructure To implement above economic development objectives, infrastructure investment must go ahead, ensuring good connection of the city to neighbours and to worldwide. Beside the objective of responding the connection demand, infrastructure of environmental sanitation also takes an important role to tourism economic area. Infrastructure demand which is decisive to the success and promoting the competitiveness of economic projects in respect of geography position, needs to be in priority. Outer and international transportation • Upgrading national road 18B to highway passing the North of Cua Luc bay, connecting Noi Bai – Ha Long and Mong Cai; • Improving and restoring national road 18 from Loong Toong intersection to Ha Lam, Nui Beo to the T Junction stake 10, out of the city center; • Planning and constructing highway port and passenger port; • Constructing international airport in Minh Thanh – Yen Hung commune Inner transportation • Completing the coastal road connecting to Bai Chay bridge; • Constructing urban main road axises, inter-area routes; • Constructing inter-provincial bus stations and public car parks; • Expanding and upgrading Hon Gai port 36 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 5 - INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY To Hanoi and Northern midland provinces To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Northern midland provinces Thang Long cement factory Ha Long cement factory North Cua Luc industrial park Proposed thermal power plant To Hanoi Ha Long ship building plant Cai Lan industrial zone Cai Lan port Sato industrial zone To Cam Pha, Mong Cai Dai Yen – Dong Mai industrial cluster Sato port To Hoang Tan LEGEND Existing coal screening factory Existing national roads and provincial Area of sea encroachment according Existing inter-provincial railroad to be to land use planning toward 2010 Existing industrial zone roads converted to national roads Existing mechanic factory upgraded, stations Proposed national roads Proposed inter-provincial railroad Area of sea encroachment according Existing construction material factory to observation of satellite photos Proposed industrial zone Other existing outer roads Existing rail road for coal transportation Proposed construction material Rivers, sea Other proposed outer roads Existing local port Power plant under construction factory Existing urban arterial streets or national roads converted to urban arterial streets Existing regional port to be upgraded Contour, altitude (m) Existing major coal mine, plan to decrease Agricultural product processing factory and terminate open coal mining Geographical boundaryr of Ha Other factories Proposed urban main streets Cua Luc - sea vessel route Long city Port and warehouses under Existing bus stop Geographical boundary of Existing mining chemical factory Existing ferry route and station construction wards/communes 37 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Electricity supply: • Restoring and completing urban lighting system, particularly tourism areas and city center. • Ensuring the demand of energy using to produce and exploiting tourism. Water supply: • Water source: surface water of Yen Lap lake is used (Dong Dang water work with capacity of 30,000m3 per day night in the first period), Cao Van lake (Dien Vong water work with capacity of 60,000m3 per day night), Thac Nhong dam (Dong Ho water work with capacity of 20,000m3 per day night), Man River water work with capacity of 10,000m3 per day night. Urban drainage: • Local wastewater which is highly sensitive to Halong gulf environment must be collected and treated strictly; • Wastewater in tourism area must be collected and treated before being discharged into the sea Commercial-economic-economic infrastructure: • Constructing night market, eating and drinking market in the tourism area, center area of the city; • Constructing two big trade centers in Hon Gai and Bai Chay; • Upgrading markets, trade centers, supermarkets, souvernir shops; • Constructing apartement buildings with the ground floor for supermarkets – shops in the city center. 4.3. Demand for investment capital a) Forecast of demand for investment capital of the whole economy 38 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Table 20 : Forcast of Investment Capital Demand for whole economic area Target 2006 - 2010 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 Increas Demand for Increase Demand for Increase Demand for investment ICOR ICOR ICOR e in investment capital in investment capital in capital Coeffi Billion Million. Coefficie Billion Million. Coefficie Billion Million. GDP GDP GDP cient VND USD nt VND USD nt VND USD Current price Total 8,898 4.7 41,612 2,262 26,424 4.2 111,384 5,597 67,536 3.7 251,074 11,678 - Industry + 5,279 4.5 23,755 1,291 14,468 4.0 57,874 2,908 37,215 3.5 130,253 6,058 construction - Agriculture, 69 3 207 11 130 2.5 326 16 236 2 473 22 forestry - Service 3,530 5.0 17,650 959 11,819 4.5 53,185 2,673 30,087 4.0 120,348 5,598 39 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance b) Demand for investment capital of several projects Table 21 - Demand for investment capital of several projects Unit: billion VND No Project Investment Demand for investment Capital capital (billion VND) 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011- 2015 Total number of tourism projects 1289,1 3,065 1,460 Total number of industrial projects 7010,1 12,079 4,736 A Construct infrastructure for industrial 1,000 1,000 parks B Develop industrial production 8,661 3,059 1 Mineral mining and processing 2247,5 2,802 642 industry 2 Agriculture – forestry and food 1609,7 1,976 0 processing industry 3 Construction material production 667 925 industry 4 Mechanics, electronics and 2,349 485 metallurgy industry 5 Garment and leather industry 18 50 6 Chemical industry 200 250 7 Handicraft villages 438,6 649 707 C Electricity and water supply industry 2714,3 2,418 677 Source: - In the period of 2001-2005: Statistic Yearbook of Ha Long city; - Planning periods: integrated from the above sectoral plans. 4.4. Land demand: Total square of industrial and small scale industrial land now is 249 hectares, increasing to 538 hectares in 2010 and 1,040 hectares in 2015. In the period of 2006-2020: • Dong Dang industrial cluster: 300 hectares; • Northern of Cua Luc industrial zone: 340 hectares; • Industrial zones, Ha Trung-Ha Tu-Ha Phong industrial cluster: 250 hectares; • Formulate some centers such as: big producing-industrial service centers, fine handicraft, coal, pearl producing centers, clean and high-tech centers; • Moving step by step industrial and handicraft facilities in the city center to focal industrial zones and clusters. 5. SOLUTIONS 5.1 Industry sector: 40 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Electronics, information technology • Being the noticeable industry to develop, responding the common developing demand of the city; • Applying widely electronics technology in producing fields; • Popularizing information technology knowledge for training in high schools by 2010; • Associating with domestic leading producing facilities to fitting electronic equipments, computers, printing machines, technical caring and warranty dealers and software application development. Mechanics, metallurgy • Using the current ability, concentrating on further investment, modernizing step by step to have a complete technology in designing, manufacturing, processing, completing and fitting; • Operating, focusing on industries, fields that use comparative advantages of the city such as: exploiting and manufacturing coal, ship building and repairing, mechanics for consuming. • Improving capacity of Halong ship building factory and coal ship building company, developing metallurgy from ores. Chemical industry • The major product is industrial exploding materials. Developing sustainable development planning industrial exploding materials industry, striving for satisfying demands of the economy and contributing to export. • Investing to renovate facilities in the fields of chemical, rubber, plastic; producing high quality products for the province and competing with products from China. Textile and shoe leather industry • Focusing on developing textile and shoe leather industry, creating jobs for women, responding the demands for consuming and exporting. • Asking enterprises to invest focally in Cai Lan, Viet Hung, Chap Khe, Dong Mai industrial zones. Construction materials production • Basing on the strength of raw materials region and selecting construction materials products with high economic value to develop. • Using modern technology and equipments to minimize environmental pollution, increasing labour productivity, decreasing production costs. • Diversifying construction materials products to supply consuming demands in the province and a part of them to export, stabilizing product quality, trade mark. • Mobilizing the contributions of many economic components. Small scale industry and handicraft villages Handicraft villages include: ceramics, fine arts handicraft, aquacultures, mineral-forest product manufacturing, ship repairing, tools casting and forging, wood manufacturing, embroidering, bamboo chalk sticks producing, etc. 41 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Forming industrial clusters of small and medium size handicraft villages. • Establishing new handicraft villages, improving current handicraft villages, attaching handicraft villages development with eco-tourism and culture activities, etc. • Encouraging and strengthening advanced facilities investment for handicraft villages, combining with traditional technique and technology. Mineral exploiting and manufacturing industry • Diversifying the scales and manufacturing types. Developing manufacturing facilities near materials areas paralleling with encouraging to develop small manufacturing facilities of households, trade villages. • In the period of 2006 – 2015, mineral exploiting and manufacturing industry is still considered the industry with most contribution in industrial structure of the city. Enhancing mineral exploiting and manufacturing, limiting to export raw minerals. Continuing to identify and increase potential mines and ores reserves for next exploiting and manufacturing planning. • Focusing on sustainable development conditions: good environmental protection; strict resource management; timely human resource development. • First priority and concentrating for chemical industry development using materials from coal and coal thermo-electricity. Agriculture – forestry – sea products, foods, drinks producing industry. • Focusing on developing manufacturing industries based on advantage materials. • Investing to renovate equipments, backward technology to promote the quality, diversify products, reduce the product prices and increase the competitiveness. • Developing agriculture – forestry – aquaculture manufacturing industry and products combining with environmental protection and food sanitation and rural agriculture modernization and industrialization. Reducing steadily preliminary treatment products, investing to develop further manufacturing technology, manufacturing final consuming products to increase product values. Materials planning • Remaining and developing areas specializing in growing material plants of manufacturing industry. • Assisting manufacturing enterprises in the city, arranging material areas in other localities in the province. • Improving and using new varieties, investing intensive cultivation to increase plants outputs. • Developing aquaculture races with high quality and productivity. 42 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Table 22 - Structure and objectives of industry – handicraft development of Ha Long city in the period of 2006-2015 Current situation in Current situation in 2010 2015 Growth rate of annual average No Industrial sub-sectors 2000 2005 industrial production value (%) Industrial Proport Industrial Proport Industrial Proporti Industrial Propor 2001 - 2006- 2011- production ion (%) production ion (%) production on (%) production tion 2005 2010 2015 value value value value (%) Total: 2,470,596 100 5,603,293 100 13,094,590 100 31,572,761 100 17.8 18.5 19.25 1 Exploitation 946,819 38.32 2,317,636 41.36 5,589,413 42.68 12,541,213 39.72 19.61 19.25 17.54 2 Processing industry 1,226,043 49.63 2,500,345 44.62 5,352,848 40.88 13,171,423 41.72 15.32 16.44 19.73 3 Mechanics, Metallurgy 118,191 4.78 287,250 5.13 748,342 5.71 1,713,421 5.43 19.44 21.11 18.02 4 Construction material 55,238 2.24 179,340 3.2 506,850 3.87 1,207,300 3.82 26.56 23.1 18.96 production industry 5 Garment – Leather 12,082 0.49 37,180 0.66 92,394 0.71 234,569 0.74 25.21 19.97 20.48 industry 6 Chemical industry 98,350 3.98 271,272 4.84 732,765 5.6 2,538,079 8.04 22.5 21.99 28.21 7 Other industries 7,026 0.28 14,410 0.26 28,546 0.22 51,432 0.16 15.45 14.65 12.5 (printing, recycling…) 8 Electricity-water supply 6,847 0.28 12,600 0.22 43,432 0.33 115,324 0.37 12.97 28.08 21.57 industry 43 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 5.2. TOURISM SECTOR Master plan for tourism development in Ha Long city toward 2015 and vision toward 2020 have identified development objectives for tourism in the City as following: Table 1.7 Current Forecast for Forecast for No Targets situation in Forecast for 2020 2010 2015 2005 1 Total number of tourists 2,500 3,100 – 3,850 4,100 – 5,100 5,000 – 6,000 (1,000 people) 2 Average number of staying 1.4 – 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 days 3 Tourism revenue (million 66.28 107 - 135 188 - 234 288 - 351 USD) 4 Direct labor in tourism sector 14,000 – 17,000 21,000 – 27,000 30,000 – 35,000 (people) 5 Demand for hotel (rooms) 6,300 9,100 – 11,300 14,300 – 17,900 20,500 – 23,200 Tourism resource conservation: a. Preserve physical and spiritual values of Ha Long bay heritage such as relics, festivals, legends, living customs of residents of sea areas. b. Conserve typical territorial spaces: surrounding area of caves and carvens; surrounding area of islands with strange shapes; surrounding area of primitive ecological areas; mangrove forests, tropical forests, coral reefs, sea grass; surrounding area of historic sites. Develop the market of tourists: giving priority to the development of tourist markets with high paying ability and good environmental awareness: + Tourists from Europe: prefer cultural and ecological tourism. Ship service quality should be improved to meet the needs of long term holiday in the sea; + Tourists from Australia: invest in ecological and adventurous tourism products; there should be appropriate measures to access and advertise to increase the level of paying; + Tourists from America: main products include sight seeing, ecological tourism, seagoing vessel tourism, religious festivals; + Tourists from China: Increase quality and price of products to select and give priority to groups with high paying ability, giveing priority to meeting the demand for shopping and entertainment tourism; + Tourists from Japan: Develop typical tourism products with famous brandnames to increase market share, construct high quality and dependent resorts; + Tourists from Korea, Taiwan, Hongkong and South East Asia countries, which are potential markets. + Domestic market: meeting the demand for weekend holiday, summer holidy and special festivals with high number of tourists such as: Christmas, Independence day, Chinese New Year, Solar New Year... 44 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 6 - CITY AND HA LONG BAY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Ha Khanh ward YEN LAP LAKE ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AREA Ha Khau ward Ha Lam ward DAI DAN ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AREA Bai Chay ward Cao Xanh ward Coal museum area Hung Thang ward Lan Be ecological museum Hong Ha ward Tuan Chau ward Dau Go cave Thien Cung cavern Con coc island Chan voi cavern Tam Cung cavern Lom Ngan island Me Cung cavern BO HON SOI SIM TOURISM AND ENTERTAINMENT AND RESORT AREA Soi Van island Hon But island Luoi Liem island Ong Tien cave Nat island Cua Van fishing village HA LONG BAY – WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE SITE HANG TRAI SEA AND ISLAND ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AREA Bai Dong island LEGEND Major city center: administration - commerce, Coal museum Area of sea encroachment service according to land use planning Ha Long bay - World Natural Heritage Area of Tourism service and high-standard hotel toward 2010 Ecological museum Area of sea encroachment New urban area: Service-tourism-commerce Heritage sites according to observation of Sea -island tourism and satellite photos entertainment area Tourism beaches Ecological urban area Geographical boundary of Ha Tourism attraction points: Islands, Mangrove forest ecological Long city caves, cavern Ecological tourism area conservation area Geographical boundary of Tourism and entertainment area wards/communes 45 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with a techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Tourism products: : + Sight-seeing tourism: take advantage of aesthetic and geological values of Ha Long bay heritage, city sightseeing, cultural museums, historical marks, shopping + Ecological and cultural tourism: doing research on typical ecological systems sight seeing, doing research on historical heritages, legend, archaeological sites, traditional handicraft villages... + Relax and sea entertainment tourism: develop diversified resorts and attractive entertainment areas; + Passenger transportation: transport passengers to surrounding tourism areas. Tourism space development: + South East direction: develop to the direction of Ha Long bay, supplement spaces for sea tourism activities in island clusters such as Dau Be, Hang Trai, Cong Do… + North East direction: develop tourism service works and new sight seeing points along the coastal road in connection with Van Don tourism cluster. + North West direction: take advantage of landscapes, heritages and the beauty of pine forests. Organize tourism areas and points: Ha Long bay: only establish sight seeing points, not encourage the development of resorts. Take advantage of typical values of each island cluster to create diversified activities. Tourism area in the West of Ha Long city : is the area where there is concentration of hotels, services and logistics for sight seeing tours on the bay. Tourism area in the East of Ha Long city: take advantage of values such as: Bai Tho mountain historical heritage, Hon Gia Ancient Quarter, Lan Be ecology musuem, Ha Lam coal musuem... 5.3. Commercial service sector − Create a convenient climate attracting investment capital of domestic and international economic sectors. Invest in construction of markets, commercial centers, and supermarkets by BOT mechanism. Establish commercial and professional associations. − Continue planning and constructing bridge and port system for goods passenger transportation. Effectively take advantage of seaport system, complete the project on Bai Tho mountain coastal road, Hong Gai tourism port… − Socialize urban services such as: waste collection, transportation and treatment, funeral services, urban green trees… − Continue investing in and improving infrastructure: port system, national railway route, bus station… − Promote and develop finance, banking, accounting, consultant services, technical services, health cares and education services and information technology services… 46 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance − Expand and develop different types of services for agriculture production, exploitation industry, husbandry, aquaculture processing and construction. 5. DIFFICULTY AND OBSTACLES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - Socio-economic development duties in harmony and balance with environment is a big challenge. - Economic growth depending on investment attraction, especially in industry may be slower than that in forecast. - Labor capability and number can not met the needs of economic development. - Competitive environment is more and more fierce in Hanoi capital and other provinces in the region and particularly competition with Chinese goods. - Investment capital demand is large, while inputs depend much on prospect of economic growth. 47 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance PART II – URBAN TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 1. DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT Ha Long is the central city of Quang Ninh province, one of the three provinces in triangular development system including Ha Noi – Hai Phong – Quang Ninh. It is shown in the practice that Quang Ninh has considerably contributed to economic growth of the whole region and its GDP per capita is ranked the 3rd position after Ha Noi and Hai Phong in the Northern region of Viet Nam. Besides coal, with its advantages is most closely to Ha Long bay, Ha Long city has full potentials of tourism and service development. Although, Ha Long is only the II class city, it is the 3rd largest city in the North just after special urban centers and level I such as Ha Noi and Hai Phong. Otherwise, Ha Long infrastructure hasn’t much been paid attention. Hence, Ha Long is the central city of province with tourism development sector but its urban infrastructure is rather low. Infrastructure facilities play very important role of urban development; but construction and exploitation of urban infrastructure particularly in the field of road, bridge, drainage and sewage system, port require a great number of investment resources and reimbursement process is still low. This is the reason why the State must proactively invest in urban infrastructure buildings. Apart from state budget, capital mobilization from other sources can quickly push up infrastructure construction process for Ha Long city. So, co-operation of urban infrastructure between the State and private sectors should be developed. In order to achieve sustainable business, enterprises providing urban public services should be encouraged to operate with flexible principles to do business effectively and expand service coverage area as well as improve service quality. Urban government need to promulgate policies facilitating urban services companies to invest in infrastructure and apply different fee levels for people with different income levels without affecting expected revenue. Urban infrastructure and public services in Ha Long city that should be paid special attention in this CDS of Ha Long include: - Strategy of developing Transportation (including inner transportation and outer transportation); - Strategy of Electricity supply; - Strategy of Clean water supply; - Strategy of Storm water drainage (flood prevention); - Strategy of Residential and industrial (even tourism) wastewater collection and treatment; - Strategy of Residential and industrial solid waste collection and treatment. 2. URBAN TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE EXISTING SITUATION 2.1 Urban transportation • There are now several seaports on Cua Luc bay and Ha Long bay. Sea-ports on Ha Long bay such as Nam Cau Trang are mainly for coal exporting; sea-ports on Cua Luc bay such as Cai Lan port, Sa To port are synthetic ports to import and export goods mainly. Besides, there are some specialized ports such as cement ports, local ports. 48 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • National road 18A crossing Ha Long central area reduces transportation safety, causing air pollution and difficulty in management, maintenance and connection (National road is under the management of the Central government, urban road is under the management of local government). • Free trade between two areas of Ha Long which are Bai Chay tourism area and administrative, production and residential area in Hon Gai connected by Bai Chay brigde, contributing much for transportation which has usually obstructed before in at the ferries in the East and the West of Ha Long in rush hours. • Current urban road density of Ha Long city is approximately 1.6 km/km2. Major vehicle of residents are motorbikes, a little amount of taxis and motorbike taxis. 2.2. Water supply Ha Long city is divided into two respective supplied water area due to the separation by Cua Luc bay. Bai Chay area is supplied with approximately 13,000 m3 of water per day by Dong Ho water plant (designed capacity of 20,000 m3 of water per day); Hon Gai area is supplied with approximately 20,000 m3 per day by Dien Vong water plant (designed capacity of 60,000 m3 of water per day supplied for Hon Gai and Cam Pha). Due to the large amount of leakage, accounting for 30% of total water produced, the quantity of actual water supply has not met water use demand. Averagely, urban residents are supplied with approximately 100 liter per capita per day and only about 80% urban residents can access to tap water; the rest use water from natural or drilled wells. Remote areas and low density population such as Ha Khanh where tap water hasn’t been supplied. 2.3. Water drainage and water waste treatment Due to separation by Cua Luc bay, Ha Long city is divided into two different areas including Bai Chay and Hon Gai. Water drainage and sewage system were used together at these two areas. The partial flooding situation is often happen at some areas of Hon Gai whether it rains and tide comes eg Yet Kieu ward and northern areas of National road 18A at Hon Gai. There is a residential water treatment station for Bai Chay tourism area with capacity of 2,500m3 per day at Vuon Dao. Residential and industrial wastewater without being treated from Hon Gai and other production facilities has been discharging into river, spring and sea. Now, Halong city is constructing water waste drainage and treatment system funded by World Bank. 2.4. Environment sanitation and Treatment and collection of wastes, residential and industrial solid waste About 110,000 m3 of rubbish (43, 000 ton) is collected from Ha Long residential areas and disposed at landfills every year. The quantity of collected rubbish accounts for 70% of total quantity of rubbish. Therefore, about 15,000 ton per annum hasn’t been collected instead of being burned or buried at landfills or discharged into sea and canals. Residential wastes and industrial solid waste tend to increase by time due to population growth and production development. There are two landfills: one is in Ha Khau receiving rubbish from Bai Chay and one is in Deo Sen receiving rubbish from Hon Gai. These two landfills have been upgraded with fence, odor prevention and leakage treatment facilities in the project funded by Denmark and WB. Industrial solid wastes are initially classified for reuse and disposed to the city landfill, including potential hazardous substances without being treated. 49 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Hazardous waste from medical centers: Out of four provincial hospitals, three of them have waste incinerators; clinics and private medical centers have no incinerator. 2.5. Power supply Electricity supply for Ha Long is from the national electricity grid through 220 and 110 KV routes generated by large power plants including Pha Lai and Uong Bi thermal power plants. In addition, there are several diesel stations in the city serving local needs; for example Cai Lan diesel thermal power 39 MW has been completed and connected to the national grid. In general, electricity supply for Ha Long satisfies residential and industrial demands now but not in the future. 3. DEVELOPMENT ASSUMPTIONS: Outer transportation will take a strategic role in promoting development and integration of the city in the region and worldwide. They will decide the connection of the city to bigger markets, regional market and international market. Hence, outer transportation development strategy will be directed to connect Halong to provinces in Red River Delta and Mong Cai border gate through road and rail routes, with objective of tourism and economic development; following is strengthening to develop seaport system related Red river delta, midland area, Northern mountainous areas and Van Nam area of China to promote importing and exporting goods. However, goods ports widening in Cua Luc gulf and in Halong gulf meets many difficulties because of limitative land use of the city and negative impacts of goods ships on landscapes and environment of Halong gulf. Therefore, these projects must be researched carefully based on real transportation needs, with assessments of impacts on environment and usual supervising and monitoring system of affect level. In long term, plan of developing cluster of goods in Lach Huyen area (Hai Phong – Yen Huong/Quang Ninh) should be done to reduce transportation amounts in Halong area. Temporary ports in Halong gulf need to be inspected in respect of environment frequently to prevent releasing wastes to Halong gulf, especially from coal ships and tankers. Inner transportation which is improved will ensure the good connection between urban functional areas, reduce traffic congestion, help residents approach easily job centers and health care, education and culture services. Inner transportation will give priority to tourists with the direction of becoming friendly city to environment, arrange many walking routes, minimize exhaut fumes from vehicles. Environment in transportation development strategy is emphasized particularly. There are two issues to consider: - Means of coal transport in the city - Dividing transport currents for outer transportation; from outside provinces to Cam Pha, Mong Cai, or vice versa from Northern East areas of the province to outside provinces. Beside increasing capacity and quality of clean water supply for production, business and tourism areas, improving this service approach of low income people is also concerned in the strategy. Success of this objective will depends not only on constructing more water supply network but also on flexible financial method (diversified and flexible prices). Water environment quality of the city and Halong gulf depends on operating effectiveness and water waste collection and treatment system. Beside the objective of improving network, increasing quantity and number of areas supplied services, objective of improving partial and bad water release situation in residential areas is also concerned. Applying strictly sanctions 50 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance for producing facilities and hospitals on their water waste disposal standards before releasing to common system. Increasing the percentages of areas of the city in which waste are collected and striving for increasing capacity of waste disposal facilities are objectives in this period of solid waste management areas. 4. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES • A good urban infrastructure system will help Halong become civilized, modern city, contributing to increase urban living quality, in which poor and low income people are directly benefitial. • An effective operating urban infrastructure system is a competitive condition of Halong city, not only the central urban of Quang Ninh province, but also one of three poles of growth triangle Quang Ninh – Ha Noi – Hai Phong; promoting competitiveness and attraction of the city to investment sources from state, domestic private sectors, ODA and FDI; • An effective operating urban infrastructure system will increasing the effectiveness of tourism exploitation and raising the attractiveness of Halong city in respect of tourism development. • An effective operating urban infrastructure system will contribute directly and positively to protect environment of Halong gulf, a world natural heritage and ensure the living environment quality for residential community of Halong city. 5. DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Urban transportation Outer transportation: • Proposing to construct the highway Hanoi – Mong Cai. The stretch of road crossing Halong in Hoanh Bo, 12km away from the city, connects to the city bay two roads: o One crossing Troi townlet o One crossing Lang Bang thermo-electricity factory, Ha Khanh • Highway Hanoi – Mong Cai will also connect to Cam Pha commune and Van Don economic zone, where is proposed to construct a domestic airport for tourism but can be the port for international airplanes. • Proposing government to upgrade railway Kep – Halong with the width of 1m – 1.435m and construct railway Halong – Mong Cai • Connecting port and Cai Lan industrial zone to national railway crossing Halong railway station. • Planning sea tourism routes from outside provinces to Halong gulf, especially from Van Don to Halong gulf for tourists after Van Don airport and economic zone project implemented after 2015. 51 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 4 - TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY To Hanoi and Northern midland provinces Lang Bang water work To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Northern midland provinces Dong Ho water work Man River water work Dien vong water work Hoanh Bo 220kv power station Lang bang 220kv Lang Bang power station To Ha Noi Cua Luc bay Lang bang thermal power plant Dong Dang water work Giap Khau 110kv power station Cai Lan port Sato port To Cam Pha, Mong Cai Quang Ninh T.V broadcast station To Hoang Tan LEGEND Existing inter-provincial railroad to be upgraded, stations Power plant under construction Area of sea encroachment according to land Existing national roads and provincial roads use planning toward 2010 converted to national roads Existing power stations of 220kv and 110kv Proposed inter-provincial railroad Area of sea encroachment according to Proposed national roads observation of satellite photos Existing rail road for coal transportation Other existing outer roads Proposed power stations of 220kv and 110kv Existing local port Rivers, sea Other proposed outer roads Existing water work to be upgraded Existing urban arterial streets or national Existing regional port to be upgraded Contour, altitude point (m) roads converted to urban arterial streets Proposed water work Cua Luc - sea vessel route Proposed urban main streets Geographical boundary of Ha Long city Telecommunication T.V broadcast station Existing bus stop Existing ferry route and station Geographical boundary of wards/communes 52 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Inner transportation In many transportation infrastructure development projects in Halong by 2020, City Development Strategy gives priority to following projects. • Completing connection system between Bai Chay bridge and inner transportation, especially two bridgehead areas. Completing Bai Chay bridge with 4 vehicle lanes and 2 walking lanes connecting the East and the West of Halong in the 4th quarter of 2006. • Increasing density of inner roads now from 1.6km/km2 to half as much in 2020; about 2.5km/km2. Widening main axis road routes. (Local institutions planned to construct inner roads based on classifying inner roads to main axis, central axis and residential roads). • Arranging bus routes to connect conveniently urban residential areas, new urban areas to job centers such as coal, tourism; connect focal industrial areas and other industrial areas such as port, cements, power station, public services such as schools, hospitals, markets. The purpose of strengthening bus use is to reduce the number of motorbike on roads preventing congestion at rush hour, air pollution, accidents and the average traffic time of people is 60 minutes per day (30 minute per trip). Developing small buses and electric or battery cars for tourists from Bai Chay to Hon Gai. • Constructing two inter-province bus stations, one near Halong railway station, Western of Halong, and one in Cao Thang ward, Eastern of Halong. Planning and constructing car parks and garages for tourism cars in the city. With the limitative land of Halong, we should construct multistoried of ground garages. Urban transportation problems related to urban environment protection: • Asking coal industry to transport coals by means such as conveyor belts, pipelines to replace coal transportation from exploiting areas to sorting out areas and to coal ports by trucks or primitive vehicles in Halong city. • Constructing road to avoid Halong center so that trucks or passenger cars from outside provinces to Cam Pha or Mong Cai, or vice versa from Northern East area to outside do not cross Halong center. Previously, when Hanoi – Mong Cai highway project has not implemented yet, it needs to divide currents for vehicles from T junction pillar 10 – Ha Lam – Nui Beo – Loong Toong – Bai Chay brigde – Cai Lan industrial zone – entering highway 18A in Hung Thang. Improving highway 18A crossing center to main axis road of the city. 53 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 3 - TERRAIN AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM LEGEND Altitude point (m) Existing national roads and provincial roads converted to Existing inter-provincial railroad to be upgraded, national roads stations Area of sea encroachment according to land use planning toward 2010 Proposed inter-provincial railroad Area of sea encroachment according to observation of satellite photos Proposed national roads Existing rail road for coal transportation Other existing outer roads Rivers, sea Existing local port Other proposed outer roads Existing regional port to be upgraded Geographical boundary of Ha Long city Existing urban arterial streets or national roads converted to urban streets Cua Luc - sea vessel route Geographical boundary of wards/communes Proposed urban arterial streets Existing bus stop Existing ferry route and station 54 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with a techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 5.2. Water supply • The objective is to satisfy water consuming standard of 150 litres per capita per day, supply for 90 to 95% of urban population (600 thousand people as expected including tourists) in 2020, satisfy industrial needs. Tap-water must achieve the national standard on clean water quality. • The total of residential and producing water needs in Halong in 2020 is 150,000m3 per day. To meet this demand, the solution is increasing capacity of two existing water stations in Dong Ho and Dien Vong and constructing three more new stations. Water source is reservoirs and dams such as Cao Van, Yen Lap, Luong Ky, Man river, Nhong waterfall. • Investing to improving pipelines network to reduce tap-water loss from 30% as current to below 20% produced water. Developing network to residential areas far from centers, especially to low income households. • To have money for maintaining and developing water supply network to new consuming households and low income households, the city should allow the flexible water prices depending on incomes of consumers so that low income households can approach clean water easily. 5.3 Waste water sewerage • Completing water sewerage project funded by Denmark and World Bank including treatment station in Bai Chay area with capacity of 3,500 m3 per day, treatment station in Hon Gai area with capacity of 7,000 m3 per day and collection sewer. After complete, residential waste water treatment capacity of Halong city in 2007 gets 12,000 m3 per day. • Long-term objective to 2020 is to collect and treat 100% residential waste water of Bai Chay area and about 90% residential waste water in Hon Gai area before discharging to the sea. So total capacity of waste water treatment stations in the whole city bay 2020 is about 80,000 m3 per day. • Obliging enterprises and hospitals to treat waste water before discharging to city sewerage system. • Giving priority to implementing solutions of local waterlogged prevention for residential areas in depressions. 5.4 Environment sanitation: • The objective for 2020 is to collect 100% residential, tourism and industrial waste in Bai Chay area, 90% residential and industrial waste in Hon Gai area. The amount of waste in the whole city by 2020 is about 1,000 tons per day. • After 2020, implementing project of constructing strictly waste treatment station (making microorganism fertilizers or burning) to replace existing landfills in Bai Chay area and Hon Gai area which will be filled by that time. • Obliging industrial producing facilities and hospitals to treat solid waste before discharging to city landfills. 5.5 Electricity supply • Now Ha Khanh thermo-electricity station (Halong) is being implemented with expectation of 300 MW finished on the first stage in 2007, 300 MW finished on the 55 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance second stage in the early of 2009. In addition, Cam Pha thermo-electricity station is being implemented in Cam Pha, with expectation of 300MW finished in 2007 and 300MW finished in the early of 2009. These powers can satisfy electricity demands of the city stably. • Program of improving electricity network of Halong city up to now is completed basically, going to exploit. The objective of 2020 is to improve the whole net of 6KV to 22KV to unify national standards. • Implementing project of lighting tourism streets and in the whole city by saved-energy lighting equipments. Electricity cab routes are put underground in Bai Chay tourism area and Hon Gai center area. 6. DISADVANTAGES Transportation • Investment capital needs in transportation development is very large. In practice, construction and caring outer transportation works such as highways, railways, and seaports by government can be implemented through ODA. But even in transportation works construction undertaken by the city such as city roads and transportation arrangement in the city require a large amount of capital, mobilized from many capital sources and many forms such as BOT, BOO, BT. • In addition, the city depends on plans and progress of government in developing outer transportation such as ports, highways. • Upgrading and widening transportation facilities such as Cai Lan, Sa To ports, cement port in Cua Luc gulf and coal and oil ports in Halong gulf which can impact negatively on environment of Halong gulf and tourism development. • Migration, resettlement, clearing the ground for infrastructure development project are complex missions and take much time. So it is necessary to prepare, approve, and announce widely transportation project planning of government as well as locality. Water supply • There may be disputations in using water sources, because priorities of water resource management institutions do not need to coincide with priorities of the city in using lake and river systems in the area to supply residential and industrial water for Halong. • There may be disputations in using lands around large reservoirs and dams with beautiful landscapes in order to protect water source sanitation and to develop tourism. • Requirements of investment capital. Waste water discharging • Because large-scale water discharging projects occupy much lands, it needs solve problems such as clearing the ground and migration, resettlement, construction in narrow urban environment. Therefore, the progress is often too long. • Requirements of investment capital. Electricity • Requirements of investment capital. 56 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Stability in power supply for Halong city depends on plan and progress of Vietnam Power Corporation, who is responsible for managing and distributing power on the whole national electricity network. • New thermo-electricity stations in Lang Bang and Cam Pha must be limited strictly by environment protection to minimize their impacts on environment of Halong gulf. 57 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance PART III. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 1. EXISTING SITUATION Education - Now there are 7 high schools, 21 secondary schools, 16 primary schools and 19 nursery schools in Halong city. - In general, material basis of schools is incomplete, many schools do not have libraries, and laboratories etc. or are too small in size, lacking playing grounds, sporting facilities, particularly greeneries. - Transport routes for pupils still meet vehicle transport routes, it is unsafe. - Annually, contributions from agencies, units and individuals accumulate up to ten of billions VND for the construction of material basis for schools and health care facilities. In 2004, there are 2 business enterprises invest in the construction of 2 primary schools in Tuan Chau and Hung Thang, 1 investor in a private high school in the West of the city, transforming the 1st and 2nd level public school in coal storage II of Hong Gai ward into high quality private school of Ha Long. - Through consultation with communities, it was aware that learning expenses for the children are a heavy burden for poor households. Besides learning fees, they have to make contributions for school upgrading, uniforms, additional teaching hours, notebooks and reading materials etc. These expenses often are incurred at once in the beginning of the academic year. There are families that have to pay for 2 – 3 children at one time. There are households eligible for learning fee reduction for only one child. Many families have to apply for making the payment in installments. There are children who can not afford to pay even after a year of learning. Also there are so poor families that they have to give up the study of their children. More over, the poor are getting pessimistic about their children’s future. Lacking conditions for learning and complex feeling towards classmates affect children’s psychology seriously. Health Care: - According to statistical figure in 2005, Ha Long city has 4 big hospitals, 3 preventive medical centers, 1 municipal health care center, 2 general practice rooms, 20 health care stations in wards and communes, 64 health care units in agencies, units, factories, schools and 1 private health care facility in Hung Thang ward (under construction) with 924 beds. • At the average, Ha Long has 1.53 doctors, nurse/100 population, • 100% of wards and communes have health care stations and medical doctors to serve and meet demand in first health care of residents. • Hospitals in Halong city meet mainly the curing needs of residents, but the curing quality is not high or has not done the function of treatment for tourists inside and outside the country. • Expenses for health care often are unforeseen but account for large amount once incurred, upsetting the lives of the poor. Many families consulted have to sell off their assets, land or houses to go to cheaper places in order to save money for medical treatment. Health care expenditures are burdens for the poor, particularly for the elderly. Health care insurance cards are useful only for surgery or in-bed treatment cases, but not for normal medical examinations and treatments. 58 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Community health care programs have been carried out in the city and evaluated positively by management staff and citizens. Children are vaccinated and provided with prophylactic medicine, women examined in antenatal. However, health care facilities are not sanitary with low quality, health care equipment in wards, communes in shortage. Culture, Physical Education, Sport - The city has 1 provincial sport stadium, 12 small sport grounds in wards and communes, 2 sporting halls, 4 swimming pools, 1 children cultural palace, 1 worker cultural palace, 1 provincial library, 41 small library, 1 Quang Ninh museum, 3 provincial cinemas, over 30 tennis courts. There are 21 parks and landscaping groups to serve demands in recreation and relaxation of citizens and visitors in Ha Long. - At present, in wards and communes far away from the city center there is shortage of green spaces as places for playing and public activities. The residents do not have playing ground, children have to play football, run in the streets, hindering traffic and vulnerable to accidents. Not having playing grounds is also one of reasons making children become easily overindulged in gambling and social evils. - People’s Committee of Ha Long city are planning areas for sport and public activities for their citizens. Due to lack of funding, however, these plans have not got realized. Trade: - In the city, there are currently 20 markets. In recent years, the city has been successful in calling investors to set up construction projects of trade centers and markets, such as: Ha Long II, Ha Long III, pillar market 3, Ha Lam market, Bai Chay trade center. - In the period of 2001 – 2004 the market Ha Long I, Hong Ha market, Quang Ninh trade center, Hong Gai trade center, Vuon Dao trade center have been brought into operation. At the same time, investments have been mobilized for upgrading, repair of markets in wards and communes. - However, service activities are still spontaneous in character, the size of some sectors is small, piecemeal; quality and effectiveness of service businesses are low; unique and high- quality products of services are lacking. - The city has prepared market network development planning by 2010 and oriented to 2020; now the city has mobilized every human source and capital source beside investment budget to build markets, trade centers following BOT form. Social Affairs: - After Bai Chay bridge is used, many workers who used to work at the ferry must change their jobs to avoid unemployment, as well as in the coming years, some coal mines in Halong city will be closed, so thousands of workers will be unemployed and must find opportunities in other areas far away from the city or do other jobs. Finding new jobs, unemployment or vocational training are big problems that the city has to face when the speed of urbanization is faster and faster as well as the requirements of living environment quality of the city must be conserved. - To immigrants, they come to Halong to work and earn money, therefore they must rent houses to live. Because of low income, they must live in very narrow conditions. But the most difficulty for them is the identification of government. As they do not have residential registration in where they are living, they can not apply for jobs in state institutions, it leads to that they do not have medical insurance, can not register for marriage and make birth 59 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance certificate for children, can not send children to schools as well as can not ask for a loan to work. - The poor often reside in areas with no clear legitimate original land titles; beside above constraints, they often feel being in disadvantages when the city has concentrated investments in social and technical infrastructure only in central wards, while poor areas are neglected. - Poor women, besides making ends meet, have to take care of the learning of their children. Meanwhile the shelter is lacking amenities, environment polluted, lacking clean water. The elderly are easily getting sick because of living in low quality houses. 2. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: - Development of basic social services in the city, ensuring 100% of citizens be able to get access to national electricity network, clean water, health care, education, physical education and sport and other basic services. - Information and sport activities should focus on the goal of building new type of people, having civilized life style, cultural families. Building of an equitable and civilized society, minimizing social evils, ensuring a healthy living environment, equal conditions for all citizens to develop themselves comprehensively in physical and spiritual aspects. 3. DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS: Education: - Developing human resource to prepare for strong developing period of industrialization and modernization is a special important and urgent issue of the city now. - From now on until 2020, the education and training sector of the city should develop in following directions: + Expansion of education and training with the forms of public, private schools. + Creating good conditions to implement the objective of “Study goes with practice�. Equipping steadily modern education equipments for teachers and pupils to approach new and modern knowledges. + Setting up of teaching staff, adequate in quantity, solid in qualification and moral quality towards the goal that all teachers of level I, II and III have got university degrees and pedagogic training. + For vocational training: Transforming training structure and contents towards career orientation and self-solution of employment problem with the guidance and assistance of the State. Maintaining and improving vocational training through the system of specialized and vocational schools in the city. Establishing and investing to develop usual education centers, vocational schools. Health Care: - Completion of national medical standards for wards and communes far from the city center, separation of Sate management from medical examination and treatment. Transforming 2 local medical examination rooms (Cao Xanh and Ha Tu) into high-quality health care center not owned by the State, planning and construction of elderly rest-homes. - Socialization of health care activities to mobilize additional funding resources for health care programs. Allowing private hospitals to get access to health care insurance, enabling healthy competitiveness for the improvement of health care quality. 60 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance - It is necessary to set up an assistance fund for the poor to build a hospital for the poor, calling for contributions of communities, organizations and individuals. - Upgrading of health care centers of the city, coordination with provincial health care units to well conduct the first health care, medical examination and treatment. Health care stations in wards and communes should be provided adequately with medical material and equipment. - Strengthening medical staff in respect of quantity and quality by appropriate mechanism to ensure that medical staffs at the base are outstanding in their profession and moral quality. Cultural and Social Services, Physical Education and Sport: - Good management of cultural activities, cultural services, and construction of community houses, cultural centers, and expansion of services run by private organizations and individuals. - Diversification of artistic performances the city is strong at, attached with tourist and service activities, raising culture combining to tourism to international standards. - Rehabilitation and development of traditional festivals, national culture combined with tourist and service activities. - Consolidation and development of public communication through radio station and television to ensure the meeting of demand in information, public education and entertainment. - Reconstruction and renovation of sporting clubs, stadiums. Maintenance and development of high-record sport disciplines. - Prevention of social evils with focus on employment solutions. Campaign for the public participation in the prevention of and struggle against social evils with the motive “prevention is better than cure�, “solution from the base�. Trade Services: - Taking advantages of the support from province, departments, sectors and donors to invest in social infrastructure, creating favorable environment for attracting investments from different economic sectors from inland and abroad, in order to promote potentials and advantages of the city as a trade service center of regional and international importance. - Upgrading of markets, trade centers, super markets, souvenir shopping areas in the city. Construction of markets of Ha Long I, Ha Long II, and Cai Dam – Hung Thang trade center in which there are offices for transaction, introduction of products, sales representatives, companies for goods circulation. - The city continues to create favorable conditions for investors to build markets, trade centers, supermarkets in many different forms. It is envisaged that by 2010 all wards and communes in the city will have markets solidly built, with categories varied from 1 to 3. 4. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS Education: - Promotion of socialization in education: investment, repair, construction of schools, class rooms, expansion of private models with high quality, language, informatics teaching units, vocational training facilities. It is envisaged by 2010 to built multi-storied schools, to complete Tuan Chau and Hung Thang secondary schools, Nguyen Binh Khiem high school, by 2015 at least 50% of primary schools, secondary schools are transformed into none-public schools. - Creation of conditions for poor children to go to school, besides exempting them from learning fees, other contributions for school should be reduced. Campaign for donations in 61 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance terms of books, learning tools and uniforms for them, setting up of assistance fund for poor children overcoming difficulties. - Adequate care on good quality training of human resources, with special focus on foreign languages and informatics training. Strengthening of campaigns, promotions, education and awareness increase in communities. Trade Services: - Planning of night market, vernacular cuisines market in Bai Chay tourist area, Tran Hung Dao ward in the city center. Planning and reconstruction of market network in wards and communes, new construction of 17 markets, for the first phase 5 markets in wards and communes where there is no market like Tuan Chau, Hung Thang and upgrading of 3 markets. - In 2005 – 2010, the city invests in infrastructure, builds 2 trade center complexes (markets and super marts) in Hong Gai and Bai Chay (expansion and reconstruction of Vuon Dao market). Health Care: - Upgrading the city medical center, expansion in terms of storage, examination rooms, laboratories and investment in new equipment and facilities. - Upgrading the hospital in Bai Chay and 2 examination rooms in Ha Tu and Cao Xanh in terms of material basis, equipment and human resource training. - Renovation and upgrading of health care stations in Bach Dang, Hon Gai, Ha Tu wards. Particularly the health care station of Tuan Chau ward should be upgraded according to national standards, for thousand of tourists is coming in tourist seasons. Information, Culture, Physical Education and Sport: - Construction of city library in coal storage I area. - New construction of the municipal museum in Bai Chay or Hung Thang. Coordination with coal companies in the construction of coal-miner museum in the coal port area. - Bring museum systems to tourism and sightseeing program of Halong, to exploit original images of the city with long-standing historical and cultural tradition such as Van Don trade port, Mac dynasty town and many other historical relics in the harmony with natural sightseeing program – Halong gulf. - Construction of city central park in Lan Be in association with other parks in tourism area, especially cultural park which is proposed to construct in Dai Yen cultural eco-tourism area. - Restoration of historical relics and beauty sites of Bai Tho mountain, including Tran Quoc Nghien temple, Long Tien pagoda… Restoration of the complex of Loi Am pagoda of Dai Yen commune. - Construction of the 5-8 victory monument in Hai Quan hill area (Bai Chay). Construction of Uncle Ho memorial in Tuan Chau. 62 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HA LONG CITY AND HA LONG BAY 1. BASES Owing to advantages of geographical location and natural resources such as the sea, Ha Long bay, fossil coal have made available for Ha Long city many opportunities and potentials for development. In fact, in the past years, in order to meet demand in energy of the country, Ha Long and Quang Ninh province have been exploiting coal for development. The issues of infrastructure and environmental protection has not been paid due attention in many years. The consequence is a development form which is not sustainable, whereby the polluting industries have exerted negative impacts to the health of the population of Ha Long city and to Ha Long bay, a unique world’s natural heritage. In recent years, although there have been considerable changes in the social perception and especially all levels of authorities in the protection of living environment of residential settlements and of Ha Long bay. That perception has been realized through the increase of investments in environmental protection projects for Ha Long city and Ha Long bay. Simultaneously, new dynamics in city socio-economic development, tourism and services which have little impact to the environment are gradually at a greater share than before. Protection and management of the environment of Ha Long city includes 2 closely linked areas, i.e. urban environmental management and natural environmental management of Ha Long bay. Ha Long city is fully aware of the fact that the protection of the living environment of residential settlements and of the nature is an indispensable safeguard for sustainable development. On the other hand, the process of economic development of Ha Long so far has been mostly based on the natural resources exploitation such as coal and port extraction. Some of the industries which are likely to cause high pollution Eg cement production and thermal electricity were located in Ha Long city and Cam Pha, a commune is situated along Ha Long bay and 30 km away from Ha Long city. According to the general summary by Cities Alliance from development experiences of urban areas in the world, urban environmental quality will decrease to the lowest level when GDP per capita reaches 2,500 to 3,000 USD. In the next few years, income per capita of Ha Long city will reach the warning level to this urban environment. In addition, most of industrial sectors contributing to this income level, which is higher than the average level of the country, have been seriously polluting industries such as coal mining, construction material production, coal thermal power, industrial zones and port system. Other factors causing urban environmental pollution and destroying natural environment of Ha Long bay include wastewater and residential wastes as well as tourism wastes discharged into the bay without being treated or stored in residential areas and even sea encroachment for construction. Polluting activities and their impacts on Ha Long bay as well as main measures to protect the environment of the bay have been integrated in a detailed and comprehensive research conducted by JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) in 1999. Lately, environmental quality status of Ha Long City and Ha Long bay has been presented in the Environmental Report of Quang Ninh Province in 2006 by the Department of Natural Resource and Environment. (Details was mentioned in reviewing report on Ha Long planning documents) It is a fact that such a small area of Ha Long City has to meet the needs of large scale and conflicting activities of benefits in terms of environment such as tourism and exploitation 63 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance industry, sea-port industry and construction material production. Therefore, environmental management and protection on Ha Long bay and in Ha Long city is a complicated and comprehensive task, requiring active participation of governments at central, provincial and municipal levels, community, and social organizations such as Women association, Youth association, Fatherland Front and enterprises’ contribution. The complexity is shown by the fact that the income of a group of people and the revenue of Ha Long city budget depend largely on coal mining. At present, measures which are being implemented to protect the environment from coal mining’s impacts include reducing coal mining in the inner area of Ha Long City and increasing financial budget for environmental reversion fund. Vietnam National coal and mineral industry Group (VINACOMIN), the agency responsible for all coal mining activities and coal mining related activities such as soil removing, coal screening, transporting, and exporting, mechanics – repairing, explosive production..., has planned to reduce gradually and terminate open coal mining (but continue pit coal mining) in Ha Long City. In addition, in recent years, VINACOMIN has been requested to pay an amount of money to the Environmental Reversion Fund under the management of Quang Ninh province in order to implement environmental restoration measures at coal basin and surrounding areas affected by coal mining. In 2006, this amount of money was allocated approximately 20 billion VND for Ha Long city to ameliorate urban environment. Every year, VINACOMIN continues to spend an expenditure of about 44 billion VND (in 2005) which is managed directly by VINACOMIN to restore environmental quality basically in open coal mining, soil and rock grounds, canals and ditches and coal screening. These are positive events in term of environmental protection although they are implemented quite late when coal mining industry has developed for decades in Quang Ninh Province and Ha Long city. (It can also be noted that from the beginning to the late of 1970s, the scale of coal mining was quite small, approximately 5 million tons per year). In Vietnam condition, there are remarkable expenditures. The model of enterprises paying environmental reversion tax should be applied to other industries such as construction material production (mainly cement production), coal thermal power, industrial zones and sea ports which are causing negative impacts on the environment of Ha Long bay. In order to implement this, urban government should conduct researches on legislative framework to transfer widely environmental protection initiative from coal mining industry to other industries. 2. EXISTING SITUATION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY OF HA LONG CITY AND HA LONG BAY Current Situation of the Environment of Ha Long City Only a small fragment of domestic wastewater in Bay Chay area is treated. Canals and ditches, which discharge into Cua Luc bay ( Ha Khanh area) and Ha Long bay (Ha Tu area) are polluted and extended with coal wastes and broken soil and rock due to coal screening process. Household waste is not collected fully. Part of the waste, some 20 - 30% or 30 tons per day has been discharged into the sea or canals. Air quality and air polluting sources in Ha Long city: the testing of 10 air samples in the whole province, of which one sample in Ha Long, has shown that the content of suspended dust particles exceeds the permissible limit by Vietnamese standard (TCVN), but the concentration of toxic gases like NO2, SO2 and CO is within limit. Air polluting sources are mainly the exploitation and transportation of coal, and earth work for land leveling in new township development areas. The increase of coal 64 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance exploitation capacity and the destruction of mountain for residential building purposes which contribute to the increase of suspended dust particles. Besides, the explosion in number of vehicles for coal and earth transportation also makes the air polluted by dispersion of dust and SO2 and CO2 emissions. Areas of heavy air pollution in Ha Long are Coc 6, Yet Kieu, Long Toong, Ha Tu and Cao Xanh. Noise polluting sources: mainly from means of transport and manufacture, such as mechanical manufacture, stone exploitation, coal screening, and coal, earth transportation by motor vehicles in Ha Long. Areas along main traffic arteries suffer from noise at 1.4 to 1.5 of VN Standard. Areas inside the city far from coal transport routes are less burdened with noise, but just below TCVN. Existing environment of Ha Long bay The water environment of Ha Long bay is divided into 3 areas: inshore area, buffer area and core area. The quality of sea water in the inshore area in Bai Chay and Hon Gai has the symptom of degradation; particularly the TSS content is approaching the permissible standard (the highest TSS content, which was measured in 2005 in Bai Chay, was 20.3 mg/l lower than VN standard of 25mg/l); concentration of dissolved oxygen decreases; the demand of biochemical oxygen increases; the nitrate and coli form content increases as compared with previous years. Residential wastewater, chemical fertilizer and insecticide, which are used in industries, discharged into rivers and run to Ha Long bay are the main polluting sources at coastal area of Ha Long bay. Sources of polluting the inshore sea water are residential settlements Lan Be and Vung Dang, domestic wastewater outlets and coal ports at the coast, e.g. Nam Cau Trang. The quality of sea water in the core area of Ha Long bay is still good; but the quality in the buffer areas, although lying within permissible limit, its continuous deterioration over the past years is visible. The testing of water samples though shown permissible parameters, spot-wise pollution is occurring because of high content of TSS. According to JICA’s research in 1999 to recent tests of water quality, it is found that the sources for TSS content increase in buffer area and core area are sources on the inland swept by rains and rivers to the sea, such as dumping places of coal and stone disposal, coal screening areas. There area a certain amount of household waste that is not collected in the residential areas on the shore but discharged into the sea or to the sewers and swept to the sea (see above). Besides, activities of tourists in tourism areas on the sea, in caves and fishing villages in Ha Long bay have a daily discharge about 5 m3 of waste, of which 3 m3 were collected. Part of the floating waste is fished out manually and transferred to the city waste landfill. Most of tourist ships and boats are not equipped with sanitation facilities, so that generated waste is discharged into the bay. In the future, with the rapid growth of tourists coming to Ha Long bay, the amount of waste into the bay will increase substantially. Apart from Cai Lan, Sa To, Cement port at Cua Luc bay, the ports that located along coastal line and on Ha Long bay are liable to cause pollution at Ha Long bay including: Cau Trang southern coal port at Stake 8, ferry-boats with their capacity 65 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance from 200 to 250 tons carry coal to ships on the bay; Oil port B 12; some other ports and small wharfs. Among 32 projects proposed by JICA’s research, about 14 projects have been implemented at different level. The most important projects are wastewater treatment plant project in Bai Chay, Hon Gai and Cam Pha; purchasing equipments of solid waste collection for Urban Environment Company; restoration of Mong Duong, Dien Vong river valley; construction of circulated water treatment plant for coal screening; Besides other pollution sources derives from Ha Long city, ecologic and sea water environment are affected by residential areas and different activities along coastal line of bay such as: Cam Pha that is under construction of cement and thermo electricity projects. Cam Pha is now a center of coal extraction of VINACOMIN with two coal ports Vung Duc and Cua Ong ports on Ha Long bay. 3. ASSUMPTION FOR DEVELOPMENT To improve urban infrastructure and promote management works for Ha Long city’s environment at the same time will positively influence on environmental protection of Ha Long area. These works include: Collection and treatment of wastewater, residential and industrial wastes even wastewater from coal filter process. Coal ports and coal transportation routes should be controlled, soil and stone grounds and open coal mines ,which have been stopped its exploitation process, are in the need of rehabilitation. Environmental reversion fund will considerably contribute to the above activities. Because Ha Long city has many great changes in development activities as compared to the time before 2000 (for instance: Bai Chay bridge, cement plants and thermal electric plants have been built and put into operations and the establishment of environmental reversion fund). So It is necessary to set up a full and careful evaluating reports of Ha Long bay’s environment quality in line with environmental protection for this natural world heritage after the report upon Ha Long researches was prepared by JICA in 1999. Based on these researches, various environmental protection methods consistent with practical situations should be proposed. The people’s committee of Quang Ninh Province have signed a contract for a project namely �Regional environmental protection plan for Ha Long – Cam Pha – Yen Hung until 2010 and vision toward 2020� prepared by National University. These researches need to be approved by the Government so as to ensure legal bases. In the period of implementing these researches, consultants who participated in the researches prepared by JiCA in 1999 should be invited for consultation purposes. 4. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES The city development strategy of Ha Long city once again emphasizes the importance of the management and protection of the environment of Ha Long city and Ha Long bay, in order to obtain the following main objectives: To protect a healthy living environment for the local residential settlements; To protect Ha Long bay, world’s natural heritage, as committed between Viet Nam Government and UNESCO; To exploit in sustainable way this heritage for tourism and resort purposes; To exercise sustainable development; 66 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 5. REQUIRMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MANAGEMENT Measures to improve urban environmental quality include measures presented in urban infrastructure development part above such as: collect and treat residential and industrial solid wastes; collect and treat residential and industrial wastewater; measures to transport coal by closed procedure; measures to organize urban transportation such as bus development and construct roads out of the central area. These measures also include obligatory mechanism of wastewater and hazardous solid waste treatment which is applied to enterprises and mechanism of service fee collection from the people as well as tourism and commercial sectors. Obligatory mechanism requesting enterprises to treat hazardous wastewater before discharging into the city drainage system or into rivers and the sea should also be applied to wastewater from coal mining and screening. The collection of solid waste fee, particularly from poor households, should be combined with measures to encourage community participation in residential waste collection. There should be research on legislative framework to request other industries such as construction material production, thermal power and sea transportation to pay environmental reversion tax as being applied to coal mining industry. Set up plan to use environmental reversion tax appropriately for environmental quality restoration projects, particularly restoration of open coal mines, dumping grounds for coal mining such as Deo Nai coal basin, river valley and canal in and surrounding Ha Long City and coal transportation routes. Investment in urban environmental monitoring for Ha Long city should be increased by building environment monitoring stations on bay an inland area. Promulgate stricter sanctions on environmental protection of the bay, even for tourists and tourism ships. Set up plans for management of loading wharfs on the bay with the limitation of quantity and polluted goods such as coal and oil. Enhance to patrol on bay and increase the punishment fee of environmental protection. Increase the number of employees and equipments for tourism solid waste collection on the bay and islands; achieve the objective to collect 100% of tourism waste in the core area and islands. Request tourism ships to equip themselves with waste bins and waste bags for respective tourist. Measures to manage residents of fishery villages who live and work on the bay: In long term, encourage them to resettle on land; in short term, restriction of aquatic farming activities in the Eastern area of Ha Long. To increase their income, it needs to encourage them to participate in activities such as tourism waste collection, tour guide, patrol on the bay, protection of flora and fauna on the bay,... 6. CONSTRAINTS IN MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF HA LONG ENVIRONMENT Constraints of Ha Long city environment Requirement for capital: Management and protection of Ha Long environment is a multi-sectors work requiring a good combination among agencies and organizations. But the major requirement for environmental management of Ha Long city is capital. 67 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance As mentioned in the above, to improve Ha Long environment, infrastructure projects should be basically focused on: water drainage, collection and treatment of residential water wastes and wastes and industrial wastes, transportation controlling, management of leveling mountains, encroaching sea and coal extraction. It is necessary to supply a great capital source. In addition, relocation of residents and resettlement should be done for land preparation of investment projects. Strengthen legislative framework, improve officials’ capability and institution in urban environmental management. There will be possibly continued conflicts between economic development needs and environmental protection demands of Ha Long City. Constraints in environmental protection of Ha Long Bay Requirement for capital. Constraints in term of environmental protection of Ha Long bay include legislative framework, officials’ capability and institution, legislative framework for Ha Long bay environmental management and protection. There will be possibly continued conflicts between economic development needs and environmental protection demands of Ha Long City. 68 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 7 - ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT To Hanoi and Northern midland provinces To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Northern midland provinces Wastewater treatment plant for power plant Lang Bang thermal power plant To Hanoi Ha Khau landfill Ha Khau cemetery Solid waste treatment plant Deo Sen cemetery To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Hoang Tan Power plant under construction, there should be strict Management of sea encroachment for construction site LEGEND regulations on environmental protection Existing bus stop Existing inter-provincial railroad to be Area of sea encroachment Existing wastewater treatment plant Location of major coal mine, in need of environmental reversion upgraded, stations according to land use planning strategy toward 2010 Proposed wastewater treatment plant Proposed inter-provincial railroad Existing national roads and provincial roads converted to national Area of sea encroachment Proposed wastewater treatment plant(with implemented roads according to observation of satellite project) Proposed national roads Existing rail road for coal transportation photos Proposed wastewater treatment pond Existing local port Rivers, sea Other existing outer roads Existing solid waste treatment plant Existing regional port to be upgraded Contour, altitude (m) Other proposed outer roads Proposed solid waste treatment plant Geographical boundary of Ha Existing urban arterial streets or national roads converted to Long city Existing cemetery; continue to be in use Cua Luc - sea vessel route urbanstreets Geographical boundary of Proposed cemetery and crematorium Proposed urban arterial streets Existing ferry route and station wards/communes 69 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 4. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF HA LONG CITY 1. CURRENT SITUATION OF FINANCE AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF HALONG CITY Quang Ninh province is the area of strong industrial development of the whole country, in which Ha Long city is the economic and political center of the province, particularly Ha Long bay which is under the management of the city has been recognized as World Natural Heritage by UNESCO. Regarding competitiveness index, Quang Ninh is ranked higher than medium level compared to 64 provinces and cities in the whole country (ranked at 25th order in 2006). This means Quang Ninh province and Ha Long city should make more effort in economic renovation process to take advantage of potentials in land use, resources and tourism. To ensure financial resources for socio-economic development investments, Ha Long city basically depends on two main financial resources: budget and out-of- budget resources. Budget revenues are mainly from taxes, duties, levies and revenues from public land fund and partly from voluntary financial contribution of people. Out-of-budget resources are revenues from commercial banks, financial institutions and private sector. State Budget revenues: The growth of budget revenue in recent years has been rather high, roughly 20% per annum. The total state budget in the city in 2001 reached VND 86.63 billion, 1.27 higher than in 2000 (VND 67.92 billion); in 2005 this figure reached VND 346 billion, of which the state budget the city received in accordance with provincial decentralization policy was VND 288 billion, 3.32 times higher than that of 2001. However, thoroughly considering the future revenue structure and the ability to increase the city budget, it can be seen that the above mentioned increase could not sufficiently meet the expenditure requirement in 2001. Example: In the estimated total budget revenue in 20065 which provincial budget will pay to city budget, about VND 337 billion of which 4 kinds of revenue are from land resources including: Land use fee (60 billion) and land use transfer (5,8 billion), land and house transfer (9,3 billion), land rent , water surface rent (8,8 billion) occupying 25% of the total revenue. Revenue from lottery is around 8.3 billion of which 11% will be contributed to investment projects, which is the essential revenue to guaranty capital investment for city projects. These revenues tend to be decreased due to city’s limited land budget and lottery will be transferred 100% to provincial budget6. To ensure revenue source, city needs to focus on solutions so as to support and assist the development of enterprises especially from private sector. Budget management and monitoring have been improved, for example, the role of municipal People’s Council in allocation and monitoring budget has been improved; payment structure of budget is re-organized to prioritize key socio-economic development tasks. Accounting, auditing, budget - financial inspection and monitoring are strengthened to increase the efficiency and legal enforcement. However, Ha Long is now facing some difficulties in budget management namely regulations of State Budget Law and limited decentralization of budget management to municipal 5 Decision No 1412/2005/QD-UBND dated 26 Dec. 2005 of People’s Committee of Ha Long city 6 Decision 4616/2004/QD_UB dated Dec 20 2004 of People’s Committee of Quang Ninh province 70 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance authority of Quang Ninh Province. According to the Law of State Budget 2002, revenue and required expenditure of local budget (including Provincial budget, District budget and Commune budget) are regulated clearly7. Based on the revenue and required expenditure of local budget, the People's Council of Quang Ninh province is authorized to decide the detailed decentralization of revenue and required expenditure to 3 levels of local budget: Province, District and Commune in appropriation with decentralization of socio-economic, national defense and security tasks. Currently, Ha Long is the provincially managed city and basically decentralization of socio-economic management is similar to other districts in the area of Quang Ninh province. Different from centrally managed cities such as Can Tho (equivalent to province level), a series of authorities of the city in mobilizing sources of revenue according to Law of State budget 2002 will not be provided. As regulated by law, Ha Long is authorized by Quang Ninh provincial People’s Committee as People’s committee of a district. The city is not allowed to borrow or issue bonds for development investment purposes although the city can balance between revenues and expenditures and make financial contribution to provincial budget. With current decentralization mechanism, about 50% of city revenues paid to provincial budget will not create a momentum for municipal authority to manage their own socio-economic issues. The municipal government is not allowed to set the fees and charges for users. They are now making proposal to provincial government for using some charges namely sanitation charge for tourist vessels (via tourist wharf) and environmental sanitation charge for foreign vessels (via navigator agency) to invest in solid waste treatment facilities. In general, with regards to financial issues, Ha Long is still operating as an dependant agency. They have little power in making decision on attracting human resources and financial resources in Ha Long. The fact that the city budget plan is annualy prepared and funds for investment and regular expenditures are separated are weaknesses in existing budget management in Vietnam. As a result, it is very difficult for the municipal government to link mid-term plans and financial resources. Allocation of investment capital is still not concentrated, utility effectiveness is limited, capital has not been focused on several major works. In the list of tentative works to be invested in the period of 2006-2010, many of these works should have been completed since 2004. Capital mobilized from financial organizations and private sector: In order to take advantage of natural potentials of Ha Long such as land stock, minerals, tourism resources, aqua-products, the city has been actively mobilized resources from private sector for socio-economic development in the local area. Ha Long city has made great efforts in administrative reform to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) capital. Many FDI projects have been successfully operating namely Cai Lan vegetable oil and wheat flour processing plant, Ha Long Plaza hotel, Ha Long Heritage hotel, Royal Park. Official development assistance (ODA) fund of hundreds of millions of dollars, i.e urban infrastructure development projects (Road 18 project, Cai Lan port, water supply network rehabilitation project, water drainage and sanitation project, electricity grid rehabilitation project, communication network construction project etc..) and job creation project have been operating efficiently. The convenient investment climate attracts many private enterprises. In 2001, in the city area, there were more than 7000 business households; 164 private enterprises, 153 joint stock companies and companies limited, 26 state enterprises. Value added of service sector with the growth rate of 11.22 % in the period of 1990-2000, was higher than the average growth rate of service sector of Quang Ninh province (5.6%) in the same period. In the city area, there are state commercial banks working effectively. Quang Ninh province People's Committee directs thorougly loaning 7 Law of State Budget 2002, Article 32, 33 71 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance programs for poverty alleviation by credit system of social welfare banks and agricultural banks. Capital source for loaning to poor people and social welfare policies such as: Medical insurance for poor people, model of taking care of people in difficult situation in the community, improvement of housing for poor households,.. have contributed actively to the poverty alleviation process. The support of enterprises, associations such as women association, farmer association, veteran association with appropriate programs such as "elimination of thatched cottages, construction of tile-roofed houses", support in employment or provision of loan for doing business have contributed to the decrease of the percentage of poor household in the city area. Capital contributed by the people to construct infrastructure such as: school, rural transportation account for approximately 39% total capital of these works. Capital flows from enterprises and community have gradually directed to tourism services, restaurant, hotel development making contribution to job creation and income generation for the people. However, investment forms were spontaneous, small without high efficiency. State enterprises have been operated in small production state, overlapped procedures, lack of capital and backward technology, mal quality products, low competitiveness. 2. MAIN DRIVERS AND ASSUMPTION This thematic report is formulated based on the following foundations and assumptions: o The forecast of financial resources and investment demand will be based on high economic growth (option 2) of Ha Long Socio- Economic development Master plan in the period of 2000-2010; o Ha Long city is still seen as political economic centre of Quang Ninh province; o Provincial policies and resolutions in order to create preferential mechanism and maximize decentralization to the municipal government will be implemented in stable period of 2007-2010; o Capacity of municipal civil servants, ward and commune civil servants are strengthened with a view to meeting the demand for decentralization in socio- economic management. o Direct receiving capital channels through banking system and financing entities strongly develop and meet demands of capital loans of units and enterprises 3. MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF FINANCE AND FIANCIAL MANAGEMENT Strategic Objective Investment should be focused, prevent scattered investment. Implement savings, carry out effectively regular expenditures through autonomy and self-responsibility mechanism in administrative agencies and non-productive agencies under municipal management. Strong decentralization in financial management to municipal government, ward and commune governments, carry out pilot project in authorizing autonomy and self- responsibility mechanism to ward and commune level. Manage finance with public, transparent and democratic model to ensure the participation of residents and social organizations in monitoring financial matters and budget expenditures. 72 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Continue to administration reform process in respect of: investment listening, land use right certification, credit policy etc... fully support private development sector. The state administration must be served for residents. Coodinate the financial mechanism and policies with (national, regional and sectoral) development planning in order to create favorable conditions and stable development orientations for potential investors to prepare their long term business development strategy, attract domestic and foreign investment capital. Specific objective Concrete financial objective for period of 2006 -2010 directly managed by Ha Long city are as follows: Annually, capital for development investment is allocated from city budget about 25- 30% of the total expenditure but it needs to ensure that expenditure ratio will be gradually increased in the coming years to promote actual results of projects effectively. The demand for investment capital in the period of 2006-2010 for 32 on-going projects and 73 new investment projects in the period of 2006-2010 is VND 1,111,267 billion, of which capital allocated from provincial budget VND 29 billion; from city budget VND 695,4 billion; from credits VND 7,5 billion and other sources VND 346 billion8 4. CONDITIONS TO ENSURE THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF OBJECTIVES The investment climate for socio-economic development in the Northern key economic region, including Quang Ninh province, will be improved to increase private investment capital in prioritized areas. Investment and construction of major works of the State along the corridor of Road No 18 and the Northern key economic region will be completed according to schedule by the year 2010. Balance the development among 3 key sectors of the city including Industry - Tourism - Port to achieve the objective of sustainable development and conservation of Ha Long bay heritage. Cai Lan industrial zone and Dong Dang industrial zone will soon be put into operation, playing the role of the core industrial region of the city. Solving the problems of population, employment and other social problems in the urbanization process will contribute actively to the development of Ha Long city. Invest in human resource development based on prioritized and diversified development of different types of education. Stimulate administrative renovation toward simplification, effectiveness and efficiency to best meet the demand of enterprises as well as the people when they need to use public services. Coordination toward horizontal direction among Departments and Industries and toward vertical direction among governments at different levels will be accelerated with the principle of assigning rights together with responsibilities and supervising implementation output. 8 According to estimated projects list in the period 2006-2010 of Ha Long city people’s committee. Only projects directly managed by city governance under the province’s decentralization mechanism and other projects managed by Province and central government haven’t been taken into account yet. 73 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 5. LIMITATIONS OR OBSTACLES FOR DEVELOPMENT Along with municipal administrative reform process to ensure attractive investment climate, strict and effective financial management, the city will have to face the challenges in reorganization of labor force, streamlining civil servants; Management staff quality cannot catch up with development requirements, financial management should be decentralized to municipal government, particularly to public officers at ward and commune levels; There is a shortage of qualified human resources to develop tourism matching with the potentials of Ha Long heritage; The city as a “district town� in the state budget classification has very low autonomy and is binding by legal documents of the central government and provincial government. Environmental problems are the great concerns and late to be overcome. Environmental pollution state in Ha Long city is in alert situation both air pollution and water source. Water waste and wastes from industrial, agricultural, commercial and tourist activities are damaging ecological regions. Solutions to reduce pollution are still inadequate. Therefore, conflicts between environmental protection and economic development are on the raise. 74 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 5 URBAN POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT IN HA LONG CITY 1. ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING SITUATION: - According to Decision No 170/2005/QD-TTg dated July 8th, 2005 by the Prime Minister on poverty threshold applied for the period of 2006 -2010, the new poverty threshold is only applied for two areas: urban area and rural area and has been increased two or three fold compared to the previous one consistent with economic growth rate and living standard of the people, equal to poverty threshold of other countries in the region. In urban area, households with income below 260,000 VND per capita and per month are identified as poor households. In rural area, households with income below 200,000 VND per capita per month are identified as poor households. According to World Bank standard, people with income of 1USD per capita per day are considered poor people. If converted to Vietnam currency, poverty threshold is 16,000 VND per capita per day, which is equivalent to 480,000 VND per capita per month. However, according to statistics in the world, purchasing power of currency in Vietnam is higher than the average level of the world, for example: GDP calculated according to purchasing power parity of Viet Nam is 5 times higher than real GDP. If calculated in this way, the percentage of poor households identified based on existing poverty threshold of Vietnam can be higher. Therefore, poverty threshold in Vietnam identified by the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare is acceptable. According to new poverty threshold, the total number of poor households was 1,024, accounting for 2.14% (Data provided by Division of Home Affairs - Labor and Social Welfare of Ha Long city in 2005). It is estimated that in 2007, Ha Long city will increase the poverty threshold to 350,000 VND per capita per month for urban area and 300,000 per capita per month for rural area. So, the equivalent number will be 1,806 poor households taking up 3,4% of the total number. 75 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Poverty situation in Ha Long city - Results of poor household survey according to new poverty threshold of Ha Long city is as follows: • High-income households: 27.62% • Middle-income households: 70.24% • Poor households: 2.14% Table 24 – Number of poor households in Halong City No Wards/Communes No of poor households Percentage (%) (households) 1 Bai Chay ward 19 0.46 2 Bach Dang ward 27 1.95 3 Cao Thang ward 65 1.7 4 Cao Xanh ward 56 1.59 5 Gieng Day ward 48 1.72 6 Ha Khanh ward 106 7.07 7 Ha Khau ward 68 2.71 8 Ha Lam ward 82 3.53 9 Ha Phong ward 37 1.66 10 Ha Trung ward 157 8.57 11 Ha Tu ward 21 0.7 12 Hong Gai ward 53 2.76 13 Hong Ha ward 58 1.56 14 Hong Hai ward 56 1.43 15 Hung Thang ward 31 3.6 16 Tran Hung Dao ward 18 0.74 17 Tuan Chau ward 36 8.72 18 Yet Kieu ward 25 1.28 19 Dai Yen commune 37 1.95 20 Viet Hung commune 23 1.31 The whole city: 1024 2.14 Urban area 964 2.01 Rural area 60 0.13 (Data provided by Division of Home Affairs - Labour and Social Welfare of Ha Long city in 2005) Assessment criteria: In order to have comprehensive evaluation of urban poor situation in city, study has based on variables and indices in respect of socio-economic aspect. Specifically assessment analysis was based on integration of 12 variables - 12 indices on poverty and divided into 3 groups: Demography 76 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Number of people in a household • Percentage of children below 16 years old • Percentage of elder people • Percentage of adults Jobs – income: • Percentage of illiterate children from 6 to 15 years old • Number of poor people at working age • Percentage of households not involved in economic activities • Percentage of very poor households - income below 50% of poverty threshold • Percentage of poor households - income below poverty threshold Approaching to urban services • Percentage of homeless households or households living in temporary houses • Percentage of households using natural water for residential purposes • Percentage of households without access to electricity for residential use • Percentage of homeless households or households living in temporary houses • Percentage of households using natural water for residential purposes • Percentage of households without access to electricity for residential use Social assistance for poor households: • Getting loan for developing production and business, getting jobs, repairing houses or taking part in labour exporting programs... • Exemption or reduction of tuition fee and other contribution to the schools • Issued free health care insurance card or poor people identification card to have health care service free of charge. • Exemption of compulsory participation in public beneficial activities • Exemption of agricultural tax • Exemption of other contributions (national defense contribution, contribution to education system, natural disaster prevention, contribution to events taking place in local areas, membership fee...) • Receiving gifts on the occasion of Tet holiday Subjective reasons - Lack of capital for production - Lack of employment - Large number of children in a family - Diseases and disability - Unemployment or instable job - Low income - Involved in social evils: gambling, drug addiction... Objective reasons: - Lack of capital and equipments for production - Limited technical assistance 77 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance - Risks in production - Limited employment opportunities - Lack of knowledge and experiences in business, production and husbandry Main reasons: Being the area with the highest number of people infected with HIV in the province, in recent years, the situation of HIV/AIDS infection has been increasing and spreading rapidly in the community (particularly the increasing number of infected women and children). According to the report of Ha Long city AIDS prevention steering committee, by March 30th, 2006, there have been 4,838 infected people, including 500 women and 35 children. The impact of HIV/AIDS epidemic on women and children is very significant. According to the survey in the city, there are now about 300 women whose husbands died of AIDS and 346 children whose parents died of AIDS. These women and children face many difficulties in their daily life. Children weren’t fully taken care, insufficient in sentimental and material values and easy to get involved social devils. In addition, in the city, there are 388 children with special difficulty such as orphans, children infected with dioxin, disabled children (in which, there are 58 orphans, 37 children infected with dioxin, 213 disabled children). These children face so many difficulties in their everyday life; many children can not go to school and have to work early to earn their living; they are in the risk of being involved in social evils and being trafficked across the border. Classification of poor households: Classification of poor households is based on 12 variables – 12 poverty indices which have been analyzed with the support of statistical analysis technology. The most significant indices in term of spatial dispersal include employment, living condition (housing, water, electricity), uneducated situation, income level under poverty line. Results of analysis: Poor situation among wards of city is uneven. The highest percentage of poor households is in Ha Trung, Ha Khanh, Tuan Chau wards (ranging from 7.07 to 8.73%). The lowest percentage of poor households is 0.46% in Bai Chay. However, after considering by 02 criteria of total number of poor households and density of poor households, the two leading wards are Ha Trung and Ha Khanh. The above results of social infrastructure at the two wards show the difficulties that they are facing. Poor households often live in places where hardly approach to road system, city’s water supply... and the settlement of residents distributed every where caused disadvantages for supplying service with high expense. However, Percentage of poor household of Ha Long city is lower than that of other cities for example: 2.14% is the percentage of poor household of Ha Long city, that of Hai Duong is 5.45% and that of Nam Dinh is 6.68%. (Data provided by social sponsoring– Ministry of labor and social welfare, 2005) These data can be described by map information method. The following map shows the classification of poor households into 5 groups. Classification is the most meaningful in exploring predominant poverty situation at wards/communes, categorizing into groups of areas with the same poverty situation to set up poverty alleviation strategy. For example Ha Khanh ward is in a separated group – Group No 5 with many special disadvantage indices: low income, high number of uneducated people, low housing condition and limited access to electricity. Meanwhile, poor households under Group No 1 are in better situation than other groups. If it is necessary to construct a clean water supply system, it should be noted that 78 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Viet Hung commune and Ha Trung ward belong to Group No 2. Wards in Groups No 3 have better condition of water supply; however, in these areas, there are many uneducated children. Wards in Group No 4 (Ha Khau, Gieng Day, Ha Lam, Tran Hung Dao, Yet Kieu) should be paid attention in terms of education, vocational training and job creation. Map of Poor household classification synthesizes 12 poor indices. However, for more detail, see map of each index analysis or synthesis of several indices including 3 groups: Group 1: Living condition in physical term is described in the map of Classification of poor households by living condition. Group 2: Social characteristics describing characteristics of households - society are shown in the map of Classification of poor households by social characteristics. Group 3: Income below poverty threshold and below 50% of poverty threshold. This group is described in maps analyzing each variable which do not need to be classified synthetically. Classification of poor households by living condition This is component synthesis classification, separated classification in term of living condition - is the intermediate synthesis level before reaching the level of completed synthesis. Classification by living condition is based on 3 variables: percentage of homeless households or households living in temporary houses (in short of houses), percentage of households using natural water for residential use (in short of clean water), and percentage of households without access to electricity for residential use (in short of electricity). Classification using variable synthesis method is supported by statistic analysis technology. Maps of classification of poor households by living condition include 5 groups, describing in detail different shortages of living condition. None of household is in short of 3 aspects of 79 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance living condition but only in short of 1 to 2 aspects, especially, there is a group of households in which 7 wards/communes ensure the living condition of poor households. The most predominant feature of each group is as following: Group 1 include households having the most sufficient living condition (housing, clean water, electricity). Group 2 include households in short of electricity but not in short of water and housing. Group 3 is quite in short of housing and clean water. Group 4 households in short of clean water. Group 5 include wards/communes with the percentage of poor households in short of living condition at medium level compared to other wards/communes. Classification of poor households by social characteristics: This is synthesis classification of the second group of indices of social characteristics. This is also intermediate synthesis level before coming to completed synthesis level. Classification by social characteristics is based on 7 variables: average number of people in a poor household, percentage of children, percentage of adults, percentage of elder people, percentage of uneducated children, number of people per laborer, percentage of households not involved in economic activities. Classification using variable synthesis method is supported by statistic analysis technology. Maps of poor household classification by social characteristics include 5 groups with legends on the maps. The most predominant characteristics of these groups are as following: Group 1 include wards/communes with most of social indices at medium level compared to other wards/communes. Group 2 include many poor people who are adults. Group 3: compared to other places, this is the area where there are many poor people at old age, many uneducated children and many households not involved in economic activities. Group 4 include many households not involved in economic activities. Group 5 has the highest number of uneducated children. 80 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Classification by age group structure of poor people: Average age group structure of poor people in the city: percentage of children 27.98%, adults 59.32%, elder people 12.70%. Poor people who are adults and combination between two groups - adults and elder people - concentrate in the Eastern part of the city where urbanization has taken place for a long time - this place must have attracted many poor labor. Combination between to groups - children and elder people - is in the area far from the city center. The percentage of children is highest in Ha Trung, Hong Hai, Yet Kieu, Gieng Day. The percentage of elder people is high in two new wards namely Hung Thang and Tuan Chau. 81 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance This map also shows the number of poor people; it can be recognized that Ha Khanh and Ha Trung wards not only have high percentage of poor households but also the highest number of poor people in Ha Long city. 2. KEY OBJECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT Strategic objectives of poverty alleviation Strive for dealing with poverty situation before 2010, percentage of poor household will be only 0.5% by 2015: Increasing income for poor households. Reduce income gap and living standard between urban and rural areas, lowland and mountainous areas, rich households and poor households. Improve opportunities approaching to social services. Strategic Objective for Job settlement In the near future, poverty alleviation should be stimulated by creating opportunities for laborer to get jobs and improve their professional skills. Particularly: To continue the reform of direction, implementation and creation of the most advantageous climate for employment. Increase total working time in suburban wards/communes. To stabilize the number of employed labors, increase social working productivity. To support and assist poor households to develop production, business and service. To create jobs and increase income. increase the quality of labor, provide human resources to economic sectors. 82 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 3. DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION Socialize poverty alleviation tasks with the participation of the State and the community, poor households and labourers try to improve their living standard and escape from poverty. Set up detailed policies and mechanism: implement decentralization and assign clear responsibilities to industries and local governments; facilitate the participation of community and groups. Improve people’s knowledge of socio-economy, particularly poor households. Conduct study to set up typical economic models which are appropriate to each area to assist poor households in escaping from poverty and become rich. Continue to implement policies of favoured interest loan for poor households in wards and communes with difficult situation. Focus investment in remote areas and areas in difficult situation (Ha Trung ward, Ha Khanh ward, Tuan Chau ward), groups of community in most difficulty situation, (orphans, elder people living alone and people infected with HIV/AIDS). 4. TARGETS FOR MEETING OBJECTIVES Economic growth Economic development with high and stable rate will create many employment opportunities. Possibility to get access to urban services Infrastructure network at residential areas particularly improved roads will help poor people (who usually travel on foot, by bicycle or public means of transport) to come rapidly to their working places. Improvement in social infrastructure will enhance significantly the spiritual life of the people, particularly poor people. Human resource: - Long-term vocational training will provide poor people with high professional knowledge and skills, enabling them to implement complicated tasks. Poor people adapting to market mechanism can change their jobs to relevant industries to settle down as well as increase income gradually. - Short term vocational training provide poor people with essential and update knowledge as well as professional skills to do business or create new jobs themselves in their households and local areas. - Diversify types of vocational training for poor people in rural areas in association with job creation, labour structure transformation, at the same time reduce the pressure of immigration from rural areas to urban areas. - Improve vocational training to provide human resource with high knowledge and skills for labour export. Financial resource: Mobilize different resources and implement the principle of participation of the State, community and poor households to increase the responsibility of the local government, the people and poor households. Of which: Subsidy from the Central budget Subsidy from the budget of the City, wards and communes 83 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Mobilize capital from enterprises, community, organizations, individuals through the campaign of “A day for poor people� and take advantage of local potentials. - Give priority in using resources to poor wards/communes which are in special difficult situation. Give priority to investment in infrastructure for education, health care and irrigation supporting production. - Encourage the community participation in identifying poor households, setting up plans, implementation, cost management, supervision and evaluation. - Service fee for poor people will be paid to service suppliers by the State budget to improve service quality and equity in access to services. Governance and urban institution: - Improve information management, particularly information on poor people by records in local areas. - Accelerate guiding activities, supervision, inspection and evaluation of results of programs at different levels. - Simplify administrative procedures so that poor people will be able to access poverty alleviation programs. Focusing on training to improve professional capability of officials working in poverty alleviation. - Annually, wards/communes, organizations and associations review and evaluate households who have escaped from poverty, households retrapped to poverty and newly identified poor households; identifying poverty causes; setting up plans, solutions, and register the target of poverty alleviation for next year. 5. SOLUTIONS Solution to the reduction of poverty Integration of national and socio-economic development programs into poverty alleviation and jobs creation. - The city continue to provide financial contribution of 50% for construction of essential socio-economic facilities where the poor living in large numbers such as local roads, electricity system, clean water supply system for daily activities. - Health: Assure quality of initial health care network; - Education: Facilitate poor children so that 100% of them can go to schools as other children. Construction of various new schools to meet national standard. - Culture and information: 100% of poor households and near poor line must get access to information of poverty alleviation programs. - Market: In each ward and commune, market should be constructed to create jobs opportunities for poor households to develop their business. - Create favorable conditions for poor people to develop their production activities and increase income. - Well apply preferential credits policies for poor households to improve houses, business and learning. - Mobilize resources in combination with socialization. Call for the participation of all people, domestic and international organizations, associations, unions, enterprises, individuals actively contribute to Poor People Fund. Solutions to the jobs settlement Jobs settlement is an important objective of city socio-economic development. Job settlement must be integrated with increasing labor productivity, living standard and social 84 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance welfare for people. In order to create jobs, service sector, small and medium size industry should be strongly developed. - Decrease unemployment rate from 2.9% in 2005 to 1.8% in 2010. - Well conduct preferential credit policies applying for poor households and near poor line, households with full experiences in business so as to attract surplus labor. - Provide loan for production to poor pupils, students who have graduated form universities, colleges, secondary education and vocational training schools. Support vocational training by reduction of tuition fee. - Develop handicraft industries at the medium and small scale (for instance: the souvenir handicraft serving tourists can be developed in Tuan Chau ward). - Implement policies stimulating agriculture, forestry and aquaculture at suburban areas. - Support in vocational training to increase the percentage of trained labors from 42% in 2005 to 60% by 2010 particularly intensive training for labors transferring from agriculture due to economic structure transformation. Vocational training must be combined with employment recommendation. - Encourage and give priority to enterprises in the local area which have policies to attract a great number of labors especially in the poor households. Solutions to address the problems of women and children in seriously difficult situation. - Accelerate dissemination – consultation and support activities for HIV infected people in their families and in the community to prevent the spread out of AIDS epidemic. - Stimulate action models to prevent HIV/AIDS such as: Club of Sympathetic women, Club of HIV/AIDS prevention, community educational groups, training for disseminators and care taker to equip them with necessary skills to work with the community as well as dissemination and consultation skills. - Set up clubs of living healthy and HIV/AIDS prevention attracting the participation of children in especially difficult situation and equip them with necessary skills to protect themselves and avoid involvement in social devils. - Foundation of vocational training, creation of jobs for women and children in seriously difficult situation. - Assist women infected HIV to borrow capital and invest in production, husbandry breeding and business activities which is appropriated to their health condition. Organize production activities in the manner of professional direction, create jobs opportunities for several women who attended vocational training courses in the previous years over the years such as: embroidery… 6. LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS The increase of poverty threshold reflects the continuous economy growth of the city, stable society, and increasing living standard of the people. However, in the new period, the following identified challenges can affect the courses of poverty state improvement and job creation: • A number of new poor households will appear from residents who migrate from rural area to urban area and farmers due to urbanization process. • Drug addiction and HIV/AIDS epidemic among poor households and young people without employment. 85 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Difficulty in listing and identifying the increasing number of poor households who have been migrating into the city. • Educational level is lower than the demand of modern urbanization. - Poverty reduction speed will be affected and changed by economic growth, global integration, natural disaster, risks, macro economic policies… - The risk of falling back into poverty is on the rise due to natural disaster, epidemic decease, fluctuation of prices, influences caused by integration process (Viet Nam was a full member of WTO) and market economy development. - Poor people hardly find their jobs because of science and technology renovation, changes in economic development amongst regions unevenly. Factors limiting poor households' access to credit - Insufficient information about financial services. Poor people usually don't know about eligibility to get loan, interests and other conditions when getting loan. Poor households find it difficult to get loan because the provision of loan is not regular and there should be mortgage. - The poorest households usually do not access loan and exclude themselves from getting loan as they are afraid of being in debt. This is because credit dissemination and credit types are still very limited. Factors limiting poor households' access to education - Many poor people do not know that they are eligible for exemption according to policies. Procedures are too complex to get exemption and health insurance cards. 86 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 6: URBAN GOVERNANCE 1. APPROACH In order to reach the socio-economic and environment development objectives, it is very important to clearly define the role and reasonable organisationalorganizational structure of municipal govenrmentgovernment in facilitating urban development process. Therefore, urban management including planning formulation, planning implementation, infrastructure network operation and maintenance are prevailing issues in urban governance within urban governance's power. Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS) has emphasized on the importance of urban governance in urban economic growth and national poverty reduction. From the viewpoint of McGill (1998), urban management is aimed at two objectives: To implement plans, provide urban infrastructure and urban services To ensure urban governance's appropriate capacity in urban governance in a dynamic economic development context The urban management ability of urban governance can be evaluated by: Ability to implement spatial planning projects Ability to develop urban infrastructure and urban service network Ability to maintain and efficiently operate urban infrastructure and urban service network In this report on urban governance focuses are laid on assessment of Urban management which are considered important factors in ensuring sustainaiblesustainable development of Ha Long city, namely: land, infrastructure development, environmental protection and role of planning tools. The current status of city’s administrative reform includes the contents of administrative procedures reforms and relation between decentralization with state administrative mechanism reform. 2. URBAN MANAGEMENT EXISTING SITUATION IN HA LONG: 2.1. Urban land management: Land policies have been implemented Use of land use charges for budget revenues Auction land use rights to generate investment capital for infrastructure development Implement review program of land use efficiency of enterprises Reserve appropriate land fund and apply special preferential mechanisms to attract large scale investment projects namely recreational complex, shopping mall and food court (Hon Gai and Bai Chay commercial Centre). According to the Decision No 202/2002/QD-UB, city governance was decentralized in some fields of land management by formulating and appovingapproving plans at the 87 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance scale of 1/500 for residential areas located out of city and rehalibitationrehabilitation ones. Projects on construction of public facilities such as road, park, school, hospital are exemption of rent land payment. The policy allowing land convertion for infrastructure has partly proved effeciency, reduce budget expenditures burden for infrastructure investment. Policy on land exchange for infrastructure invesmentinvestment have been achieved in some extent and reduction of heavy burden to city budget. Provincial governance provided 30% of land use tax and value of land use right from infrastructure projects managed by province under the Decision 2653/2004/QD-UB dated August, 03rd 2004 for city governance. This decision was terminated its force in Dec 31st 2005. solutions to promote land use certificate are very important. However, over the past time, many new laws and policies have been promulgated, but dissemination of legal documents to people strata is still limited. Over the past time, one-stop shop model has been applied and shown special effciencyefficiency particularly in land administration and construction management. Application of one stop shop model at People’s Committees came into force from 1st April 2004 and at ward and commune level from 1st October 2004. Ward and commune’s are responsible for certifying applications for land allocation, land transfer and land examination and city people’s commiteecommittee will issue certifcatecertificate. As a result, volume of works and time has been considerably improved. 2.2. Urban infrastructure development management: Policies related to infrastructure network development are as follows: Socio-physical infrastructure development facilitates economic development. ODA funded projects namely national highway 18A rehabilitation project, water supply, water drainage project, electricity grid rehabilitation project, Bai Chay bridge construction project, Cai Lan deep seaport project have been implemented to lay the foundation for city development; Carry out socialisation policy for investment in infrastructure development in residential areas. The fund contribution by the people for basic infrastructure namely schools, roadnetwork within residential area accounts for 39% of the total investment; Encourage all economic sectors to participate in construction and management of bus stations and ports; Projects, investing in city, will be assisted by surrounding technical infrastructure buildings Increase preferential credit to support investors in infrastructure development in industrial zone and new town areas; Strengthen examination and monitoring in public service delivery enterprises, ensure improvement in both quality and quantity of public services. Collection of wastes and sanitation works are implemented by environment company, which has facilitated activities fluently and created more jobs for women. Owing to credits programes, construction of toilets for respective household was carried out effectively. 88 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Technology transfer to local government in infrastructure facility operation in infrastructure investment projects have not been done properly leading to difficulties in infrastructure network operation management (for example Deo Sen waste treatment plant) Capacity of local governments, particularly ward and commune governments’ capacity is limited. In recent years, many laws and policies have been issued namely housing law, construction law, law on investment ... The people’s awareness of the benefits from socialisation in infrastructure development is not high, therefore their financial contribution and supports are not high. 2.3 The role of Urban management in market and multi-sectors economy development: Being aware of increasing importance of a multi-sector economy, over the past years, many mechanism and policies have been applied to encourage investment climate and increase social investment namely: Encourage and facilitate all economic sectors to develop equally, create an attractive investment climate for domestic and foreign investors; Implement administration reform in all aspects: issuance of investment license, land use certificate, favorable credit policies etc. in order to maximize support for private sector development; Mobilize all organizations and individuals to invest and develop commercial centers, ward and commune markets under BOT form and other forms; Provide preferential credits to support investors in production and business development of high quality products using advanced technology. Definitive solutions should be done in land clearence so as to create favorable condition for investors Many foreign direct investment (FDI) projects have been sucessfully operating namely Cai Lan vegetable oil and wheat flour processing plant, Ha Long Plaza Hotel, Ha Long Heritage Hotel, Royal Garden. ODA funded projects with the total investment capital of hundreds of million of USD namely infrastructure development projects (national highway No 18 project, Cai Lan port, water supply network rehabilitation project, water drainage and environmental sanitation project, electricity grid rehabiliation project, communication development and modernisation project...etc) and job creation project have been operating efficiently. However, technology transfer among completed ODA funded infrastructure network and newly invested projects is facing a lot of difficulties. There is a shortage of technical staff at local level and they are not yet provided with basic operating knowledge. (for example waste treatment plant of sewerage project). Markets and commercial centrescenters under BOT and BT form namely: Ha Long II market, Ha Long III market, Cot III market, Ha Lam market construction investment projects ...ectc have been implemented. There are now 890 enterprises operating in businesses, 190% increase compared with that of 2000. There are now 6,900 individual businesses, 86% increase in comparison with that of 2000. 2.4. Environment management: Currently areas which are identified as risks to the quality of natural resources and environment: Activities of coal mining (natural resources, product transport, construction waste, barehillbare hill after exploitation) have influenced on environment and natural landscape of the city in particular and of Ha Long Bay in general. However, 89 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance exploitation capacity limit and pollution sources are not under the city's control. Coal industry development master plan is decided by Vietnam National coal and mineral industries Group (Vinacomin) and so far there has not been Coal industry environment master plan until 2020; Activities of heavy industries, ship building, deep seaport, thermal power plant, cement plant are threathsthreats to ecological environment of Ha Long Bay, leading to industrial waste's influence on the eco system and water quality of the Bay. Class A investment projects are not under the authority of the urban governance; Encroachment to the sea and tidal areas for urban development, infrastructure development, fishing and agricultural development have influenced on the living environment of biological system and animals living in shallow waters; Conflict between land demand for urban development and agriculture production; Concentration of coastal tourism activities with high exploitation density and attraction of coastal investment projects in tourism industry. However, the existing socio-economic development masterplanmaster plan does not sufficiently cover environment management, as well as concrete programs to implement environment objectives. JICA funded project in environmental management plan has not been implemented (only 14 out of 32 proposed projects have been implemented). Although the financial resources are limited and there is budget shortage for environment protection, economic instruments are not used widely such as environmental fee. Environment revertionreversion fee has been carrying out and disbursement plan and use of it still is slow and not pro-active. Role of development plans are management tools and execution of urban developementdevelopment : In general, development plans aren’t close connected with the formulation process of national and provincial economic development plan and capital plan which is able to mobilize from the State and residential community (Mc Grill, 1998) e.ge.g. : according to urban development research, annual infrastructure investment will account for 5% of the total GDP in order to ensure GDP growth of 6%. For example : According to socio-ecnomiceconomic master plan 2001-2010, Ha Noi capital has a strong economic ability but total estimated investment demand is 14,8% of GDP and only 2.8% of GDP is invested in infrastructure in reality. According to construction law, provincial people’s committee has authority to formulate and approve construction master plan for urban areas. ranked atMaster plan of special, I and II category. Master plan will be assessed and submitted to Prime Ministerthe Government for approval by Ministry of Construction. PovincialProvincial people’s committee approves detail planning for special urban centers, I, II and III category. Ha Long administrative management mechanism is equipvelantequivalent to town governancedistrict level. This means that Ha Long hasn’t got full authority to approve and participate in plans on its city scale. Based on the Decision 202/2002/QD-UB of Quang Ninh Province, Ha Long has been decentralized in some fields such as land management, formulation and approval of residential areas out of urban center and rehabilitation areas plans at the scale of 1/500. But some of projects at A level aren’t approved by city governance. Urban design, being a method, has just added in the construction law and deployment of this tool hasn’t been implemented on the city scale. Development of urban design framework will 90 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance contribute to create a specific image of tourist city, protect city’s land scape in line with Ha Long bay and fully exploit economic benifitsbenefits from tourism. Due to high speed of investment, variety of development demands and non-stop changings, it need to review regularly implementation efficiency of construction plan. These informationsinformation will support formulation and amendment of plans engaged in the current issues In the field of construction plan management, citizentcitizens has just been announced information regarding to plans. However the participation of community in the process of formulate plans hasn’t been mentioned yet. 2.5 Evaluation of administrative reform status Administrative procedure reform In recent years, to strenthenstrengthen management capacity of the government of Viet Nam In recent years, in order to strengthen management capacity of the Government of Vietnam in a socialist oriented market economy and international economic integration, Vietnam Communist Party has the policy to undertake strong and comprehensive administration reform. This is one of the most important programs which is appropriate for transitional period of Vietnam from a centrally planned to a market oriented economy and improve competitiveness of Vietnam market in the region and attract more foreign investments and promote investment. Ha Long city has developed its adminsitrativeadministrative reform programme and received considerable results in urban management. One of the pilot programs of PAR is one-stop shop model. This model was applied in city people’s committecommittee in April 1st 2004 and in ward and commune in Oct 1st 2004. Administrative reform The scope of administrative reform implemented in city Grant a licencelicense of individual household business Grant a licencelicense of land use right, land use right tranfertransfer, construction permisionpermission Public notary Verify and deal with social warefairewelfare issues Administrative reform issues was conducted at wards and communes level Verify application forms of construction permisionpermission, land use right, land use right tranfertransfer ... residentialce registration book. The results were achieved from administrative reform works The one stop shop model (receiving and returning documents) equipedequipped by essential apparatus were placed at city people’s committee and 20 wards and communes. Administrative procedures were solved in a short time and duration for settlement of procedures is posted up. Volume of solved works increased by 2 and 3 folds as time before Decentralization is highly assessed in the future city development strategy. In 2002, Quang Ninh province enacted the Decision No 202/2002/QD-UB dated 14th Jan 2002 of the 91 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance promulgation of some mechanisms, construction policies and city development in 5 fields : Urban and land management, investment policy, investment management and business development stimulation, financial policy, State management, cardrecadre management and talent persons attraction. This is a crucial legislative framework to facilitate city governance for the development of socio-economic plan and identify priorities in investment. 2.6. Urban governance structure: City governance includes city people’s committee, functional divisions, ward and commune governments, administrative agencies, co-managed agencies and associations (www.halongcity.gov.vn) The lowest government level in urban areas and rural areas are ward government and commune government respectively. OrganisationalOrganizational structures of ward and commune government are similar to the city government. Income generating public service units...... Functional divisions are advisory agencies for the city government to work out strategies and action plans to achieve the objectives of socio-economic development and environment. Out of 13 functional divisions, city still remain 3 units receiving salary from state budget. City has implemented financial decentralized policy by paying a fixed rate for divisions and departments and units receiving salary from the state budget source. Income generating public service units were able to self control their financial budget must be responsible for administrative organization and professional works under the legal procedures. Based on stabilizing budget allocation from 2003 to 2005 regulated by provincial government, city governance has completed payment and receipt mechanism from state budget for ward and commune level. In 2002, 100% of various fees, land and housing tax, business rate at 4, 5 and 6 category, which exceed the regulated level, will be kept by wards and communes to invest in their capital comstructionconstruction. In 2005, 40.7 km of road was newly done at the residencialresidential areas, of which only 40% of expenses was funded by the State. The year of 2006 is the 1st one that implements environment revertionreversion fee in Quang Ninh povinceprovince. In 2006, povincialprovincial governance allocated 20 million VND of the environment revertionreversion fund to governance for environment protection. In the period 2007-2010, according to the agreement between city and provincial governances, 30% of the environment revertionreversion fund will be adopted by city. City governance has boosted decentralization process for heads of agencies, public service units and chairmanschairmen of wards and communes. 92 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Personnel Structure of 13 functional divisions of Ha Long city People’s Committee HA LONG CITY PC Under Ha Long City PC 13 specialised divisions Administrative agencies Co-managed agencies 20 wards and Associations communes 13 specialized divisions 07 semi self-financed 04 administrative agencies administrative agencies Under Ha Long City PC receiving salaries from the city budget 1. People’s Council and People’s 1. Ha Long I Market Committee : 43 staff 1. Construction Inspection Management Board 2. Interior, Labour, War Invalids and Team Social affairs Division: 13 staff 2. Ha Long II Market 2. Television and Voice Management Board 3. Legal Division: 6 staff Station 4. Natural Resources an 3. Hong Ha Market Environment Division: 17 staff 3. Red Cross Association Management Board 5. Urban management Division: 16 4. Quang Ninh children 4. Site clearance staff Cultural Palace compensation Board 6. Trading and Tourism Division: 6 5. Construction projects staff management Board 7. Finance- Planning Division: 14 6. Management Board for staff special use forest and 8. Economics Division: 10 staff environment landscape 9. Culture and Sports Division: 3 7. Centre for Planning and staff Architecture Design 10. City Inspection Board: 4 staff 11. Health care Division: 4 12. Education Division: 20 staff 13. Population, Family and Children According to Governmental degree, It is necessary to strenthenstrengthen socialist democracy at grassroots level, enterprises and residential areas. By 2003, there were 210 areas, streets, small villages (100%) developed restidentialresidential regulations. The contents of these regulations included society, sanitiationsanitation, urban issues. City has announced them in the variety of provincial mass medias such as Television, newspapers, radio and city television. 93 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 2. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVESSUPPOSITIONSASSUMPTIONS AND MOTIVATIONS : • Improvement of urban management capacity through strenthening of level of autonomy toward sustainable development • Urban management capacity will be improved through strenthening of level of autonomy in decision making rights Insufficiency in co-ordination among central, provincial and city governments in making investment decision will affect city’s sustainable development particularly in the field of environment management. Ha Long is the second category city - a provincial city. In recent years, thanks to decentralization policies of province, Ha Long has been faciliatedfacilitated in making plans and development management. However, some investment fields has been directly affecting the city environment such as : coal extraction, thermo electricity, and strongly causing adverse impacts on tourism development objectives of Ha long city isn’t under the authority and decided by city governement. Environment revertion fee has been carried out and sent to the State budget and a part of those that was regulated for city budget. However, comprehensive strategy, plans and programes to use this capital source for environment protection are in the preparatory process. City and provincial government hasn’t been worked out clearly their responsibility in implementation of this issue. So it is essential to complete institution framework to increase city’s level of autonomy. Improving the effectiveness of coordination between city authorities and wards, communes and residents through social associations (Women Association, Vietnamese Fatherland Front) in environment management, land management, infrastructure development investment.,Set up a network of Government – residents – enterprises in urban development • Boost aAdministrative reforms, strives for implementation of transparent and effective administrative system to attract investors. Administrative reforms has brought variety of efficiencies particularly in city’s development management over the years. However, administrative information system must be mordern, completed and more efficient due to rapid development speed in the next decade. Strategy need to be more improved and application of transaction by electronic devices are mostly necessary. Improveing legal framework in land management and investment is an aspect that needs to be done. Create a cooperation climate among enterprises (information sharin, marketing accessibility). Facilitatinge small and medium enterprises in job creation in the city to develop will promote the competitiveness of local industry ; • Transparency and efficiency in financial management toward autonomy and sustainable finance model Enhance the efficiency of coordination among municipal government, ward and commune governments and people (via social organisations namely Women Union, Fatherland Front) in urban management, infrastructure development, environment management. 94 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Completation of mobilizing human resources in society, improvement of banking system and credits. Striving for commercializing urban services such as environmental sanitation, waste disposals. Mobilizing more official development aids ODA, BOT form projects of breakthrough and modern nut technical infrastructure development in promoting city economic development such as bridges, ports, etc. • Complete environment management institutions, encourage participation of residents and social organizations in environment management. Implement tourism environmental planning and coal industry planning. Improve the apparatus which organizes and implements Ha Long bay environmental management project proposed by JICA. Promote the role of NGOs, Women association, Father land front and other associations in supervising and calling for support of the community (when supervising and implementing development objectives). Apply information technology in dissemination of regulations, legal documents, market information and awareness of environment protection; 4. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES • Improving urban management capacity through promoting the autonomy in decision making rights towards autonomy. • Administrative reforms strives for implementation of transparent and effective administrative system to attract investors • Transparency and efficiency in financial management toward autonomy and sustainable finance model • Complete environment management institutions, encourage participation of residents and social organizations in environment management. 5. REQUIREMENTS Improving the effectiveness of land management for urban development • Hastening the process of land possessing certification. • Encouraging projects investing new urban areas, industrial zones and tourism centers. • Establish land management database. • Improving land management capacity of wards, communes authorities. Improving the effectiveness of urban infrastructure development investment, management and operation • Improving management capacity and operation of primary and secondary infrastructure network of the city. • Strengthening socializing infrastructure network of residential areas. • Promoting community role in supervising area environment 95 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance • Developing infrastructure in association with poverty alleviation objectives Promoting the multi-sectors coordination in environmental management • Integrating environmental protection objectives in industrial planning, especially coal industry planning and tourism planning • Setting up the regulations that people who cause pollution must pay the money to manufacturing enterprises in the area • Improving community awareness in supervising environment management in the area. • Increasing the budgets for environmental reversion. Cooperating with other cities in the key economic zone and the Southern China in tourism, seaport services, trade and capacity training. • Promoting the cooperation and market widening in the area and with China in tourism and trade development. 3. DIFFICULTY IN ACHIEVING THE ABOVE OBJECTIVES: There is lack of cooperation among central government, provincial and city government in investment decisions (in several cases, the project is not beneficial for the city but the decision is not made by the city government; usually investment decisions are related to large manufacturing facilities such as thermal power plant, cement factory and coal mining plan to increase the coal output in the coming years) The city at district level in state budget rank is still tied by provincial and governemental legal documents, the autonomy is very low. The city does not have the right to set fees of consumers. Investment attraction is slower than forecast, particularly in industrial sector. Competition with Hanoi capital market and especially with China market is a great challenge. If the growth of Halong city in the coming years is not high, increasing the income from tax is very difficult, effecting the income of the city Capability in supervising and implementing plans has not been high. There are still many limitations in construction planning, particularly detailed planning and land use planning. Decentralization to ward level is still limited, there have not been sanction mechanism at ward level. Capability and number of officials, particularly land survey officials are still low. Awareness and role of community in implementing and supervising development activities as well as local environment have not been improved. 96 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance CHAPTER IV FIRST PRIORITIZED PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS OF HALONG CITY 97 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 1: OF URBANISATION 1.Urbanization should link to human resource development, job creation and friendly information market development including make advantages of regional market on service, tourism and commerce. 2.Urban landscaping should be exploited to serve for the goal of economic growth in tourism. Urban landscaping should be preserved in balance between development and Halong Bay landscaping environment. 3.Construction of new urban area clusters will meet housing requirments for labor force working in industry and tourism sector. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority level Level of demand 2011 1.high, appropriateness to No for capital 2006- 2016- State Local Activities/investment projects (VND - ODA FDI Private 2.Average, development 2010 2020 budget budget 3. Low objectives Billion) 2015 1 Reviewing and database setting not yet up Project on labor market provided 2 School of tourist training 300 x x x x x x 1 1 3 Improvement and up grading of 100 x x x x 1 2 Bai chay environment 4 Rehabilitation and reparation of 80 x x x x 1 2 city tourist coastal route 5 Tourist port 480 x x x 1 2 6 Establish a center of visisting 776 x x x x x 1 1,2,3 7 Pilar 3 sport center x x x 1 1,3 8 Invest in infrastructure facilities not yet x x x 1 3 (Ha Khanh, Ha Trung, Tuan provided Chau) 9 Construction of apartments 150 x x x 1 3 10 Build up of residential area in 325 x x 3 the south of Hung Thang **: These projects were planned to be implemented from 2000-2005, however there were only two of those approved (exchange rate: US$1=VND16,000) 98 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 2: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE 1. Sustainable development of tourism and trade in respect of: natural resources,environment, socio-economic in closeassociation with other economic sectors with direction to balancing demand and supply 2. Make Ha Long to be come a tourist center of North East coastal region, a sea tourist center with international standard in the period 2010-2015 3. Harmonize industrial development with environment and other economic sectors, extract reasonally potentials of natural resources and its geographical topography, actively contribute to economic growth, create jobs and social development. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority level Level of demand 1.high, appropriateness No for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- State Local Activities/investment projects (VND ODA FDI Private 2.Average, 3. to development 2010 2015 2020 budget budget Low objectives Billion) I- Priority investment projects of tourist development 1 Rehabilitation, reparation of 50 25 25 x 1 1, 4 landscapes at the islands on Ha Long bay. 2 Rehabilitate, repaire 80 80 x 1 1, 4 landscapes of tourist infrastructures at coastal areas in Ha Long city. 3 Rehabilitate, upgrade 100 100 x 1 1, 4 landscape of Bai Chay tourist area. 4 Bai Chay tourist infrastructure 250 250 250 x x 1 1.2 5 Hon Gai international tourist 800 800 x x 1 1.2 port 6 Sea road around Bai Tho 60 60 x x 1 1.2 mountain 99 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 7 Lan Be - Pilar 8 sea road 150 150 x x 1 1.2 8 Ha Long ecologic museum 960 960 x 1 1,2,3,4 9 Cua Van fishing village 50 50 x x x 1 1,2,3,4 10 Ha Lam coal museum 30 x x 1 1,2,3,4 11 Ha Long Aquarium 100 50 50 x x x 1 1,2,3,4 12 Sea food market in Ha Long 20 20 x x 1 1,2,3,4 bay 13 Canh Ngam Fleets Ha Long - 20 10 10 x x 1 1,2,3 Ngoc Vung - Quan Lan - Cat Ba 14 Set up a project of outstanding 25 25 x x 1 1,2,3 products bearing Quang Ninh's character 15 Projects of producing souvenir 25 25 x x 1 1,2,3 gifts, handicraft goods for tourist purposes. 16 Strategy building project of 30 15 15 x x 1 1,2,3,4 Quang Ninh's tourist propaganda and advertisement 17 Project of setting up a 50 25 25 x x 1 1,2,3 information center of tourist II- Priorities of investment in industrial development 18 Electronic information system 50 50 X 1 1,2,3,4 for share using 19 Provincial center of soft ware 30 30 X 1 1,2,3,4 and integrated data 100 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 20 Set up electronic commercial 10 10 X 1 1,2,3,4 market of technological scientific workforces, tourism, services market 21 Electronic commercial 50 50 X X X 1 1,2,3,4 transaction in trading coal, processed sea products 101 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 3: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE-PRIORITIES OF INFRASTRUCTURE PART A. TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 1. A good infrastructure system will make Ha Long to become a civilized, modern city and contribute to improve life quality of urban areas and residents, of which the poor and low income people are the direct beneficiaries. 2. The competitiveness and attractiveness of Ha Long city will be enhanced by a good urban infrastructure and capital sources that come from the state, local sectors, ODA and FDI are more and more invested in Ha Long city. So that socio-economic is to be developed accordingly and increase social welfare fund in city and the whole province. 3. A good infrastructure system will directly and actively contribute to the protection for living environment of residential community, environment of Ha Long bay, a natural world heritage. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority level Level of demand for 1.high, appropriateness to No capital 2006- 2011- 2016- State Local Activities/investment projects (VND ODA FDI Private 2.Average, 3. development 2010 2015 2020 budget budget Low objectives Billion) 1 Completion of Bai Chay 2,500 2006 x 1 1, 2 bridge ( bridge and road path) 2 Railway to Cai Lan port 50 x 1 2 3 Build up of cement port N.A x x x 1 2 4 By pass 80 x 1 1 5 Bus arrangement in city area x x 1 1 6 Lang Bang Thermal 9,165 x x x 1 2 Electricity Plant 7 Increase capacity of the 100 x x x x 1 1, 2 current plants 102 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 8 Sewer network and treatment 400 x x x 1 1, 2, 3 station funded by Denmark and WB 9 Build new treatment stations 1,100 x x x x x 1 1, 2, 3 and sewer network 10 More equipment of vans 150 x x x x x 1 1, 2, 3 carrying wastes and other equipments for Urban environment company 11 Provide more treatment 20 x x x 1 1, 3 equipments for public facilities (incinerator for hospitals) Note: * 1999 JICA estimates 103 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance B: SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE: CULTURE, SOCIETY, HEALTH, EDUCATION 1. Well develop social service sectors, ensure 100% of residents getting access to national electricity network, clean water, health care, education, culture, sport and others. 2. Activities of culture, information and sport need to aim at basic objectives such as new human building with civilized living style cultural family. Build up an equal and civilized society, limitation of social evils at lowest level, assurement of healthy living environment, creation of comprehensive development for citizens not only material but also spiritual aspect. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority Level of demand level appropriateness No for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- State Local 1.high, to development Activities/investment projects (VND ODA FDI Private 2.Average 2010 2015 2020 budget budget objectives Billion) , 3. Low 1 International hospital 112 48 64 0 x 1 1 2 Ben Doan Hotel 48 48 0 0 x 1 2 3 Newly build 4 schools and rehabilitate 256 96 96 64 x x x 1 1 and improve 47 others 4 Newly build 5 dispensaries and 11.2 3,2 3,2 0 x x 1 1 rehabilitate 4 others. 5 Newly build 17 markets at towns and 30.4 16 16 0 x x 1 1 rehabilitate 3 others. Notes: exchange rate: US$1=VND16,000 104 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 4: THEME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 1. Protection of healthy environment for residential community; 2. Protection of Ha Long bay environment, a natural world heritage, as committed between Viet Nam Government and; 3. Sustainable exploitation of Ha Long natural world heritage for relaxing and tourist purposes; 4. Implementation of sustainable socio-economic development, Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority demand level Level of appropriateness for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- State Local 1.high, No Activities/investment projects ODA FDI Private to development (VND 2010 2015 2020 budget budget 2.Average, objectives Billion) 3. Low A Environmental management of Ha Long city 1 Treatment of water wastes from coal 35* x x 1 1, 2 mines 2 Rehabilitation of river valleys 200* x x x x x x 1 1, 2 B Management and protection of Ha Long bay's environment 3 Management of sea encroachment for not yet x x x 1 1, 2, 3 construction provided 4 Rearrangement of stop stations on not yet x x 1 2, 3 bay provided 5 More investment for inspection works not yet x x x 1 2 of Ha Long bay's environment and provided focus on stop stations of oil and coal ships. 6 Increase investment for collecting not yet x 1 2, 3 tourist wastes on bay. provided 7 Increase further investment for not yet x x x x x 1 2 environmental monitoring works of Ha provided Long bay 105 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 5: URBAN POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT 1. Objective of poverty reduction 1.1. In 2015, percentage of poor households will be below 0.5, the number of very poor household will be zero; 1.2. Increase income, stabilize and improve the living standard for poor households; 1.3. Limit the increase of the gap of income and living standard between urban and rural areas, lowland and mountainous areas, rich households and poor households; 1.4. Improve living standard of people in especially difficult situation and vulnerable groups; 1.5. Investment will be concentrated in infrastructure for wards with high number of poor households namely Ha Khanh, Ha Trung, Tuan Chau; 1.6. Subsidies are more and more sufficient in term of social services 2. Objective of job creation: 2.1. Decrease unemployment rate, increase working time in suburban wards/communes; 2.2. Stabilize the number of employed labor, increase social labor productivity; 2.2. Stabilize the number of employed labor, increase social labor productivity; 2.3. Support and assist poor households to develop production, business and services; 2.4. Creat jobs, increase income, subsidies and social services; 2.5. Improve the quality of labor, meeting the needs of human resources for economic sectors, industrialization and modernization; 2.6. Create a good investment climate to provide employment opportunities Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority Level of demand level State appropriateness No for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- Local Privat 1.high, to development Activities/investment projects (VND budge ODA FDI 2.Average 2010 2015 2020 budget e objectives Billion) t , 3. Low 1 Project of vocational training support, 135 40 45 50 x x x 1 1.2;2.1; 2.2; vocational training is associated with employment 2 Program of prioritized credit for poor 520 150 170 200 x x x 1 2.6; 2.1; 2.3 households 3 Project of investment in essential 165 50 55 60 x x x x 1 1.3; 1.2; 2.4; infrastructure, and support in housing, electricity, water supply and roads... 820 240 270 310 106 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 6: URBAN GOVERNANCE 1. Transparency and efficiency in the implementation of administrative procedures to attract investors and creating revenues 2. Improvement of urban authorities' capacity in land management and infrastructure development 3. Enhance urban management capacity and integrate city administrative units with the participation of residents and social organizations in environmental protection 4. Complete environment management institutions 5. Transparency and efficiency in financial management toward autonomy and sustainable finance model Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority Level of demand level State appropriateness No for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- Local 1.high, to development Activities/investment projects (VND budge ODA FDI Private 2.Average 2010 2015 2020 budget objectives Billion) t , 3. Low 1 Set up data base of land management x x x x x 1 1,2,3,4,5 system (LMS) 2 Project of Statistic of labor force and x x x x x x 1 1,2,3,4,5 labor market information system building 3 Improvement of management capacity x x 1 1,2,3,4,5 of land officers at commune and ward level 4 Improve management capacity to x x 1 1,2,3,4,5 operate infrastructure network at city level 1 and 2 5 Raise monitoring role in environmental x x x x x 1 1,2,3,4,5 matters at community level 6 Strenthen legal documment relating to x x 1 1,2,3,4,5 land, construction and investment 7 Set up an electronic governance (at x x x x x x 1 1,2,3,4,5 city and commune level) 107 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance CHAPTER V ACTION PLAN 108 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 1. ACTION PLAN - THEME 1 - UBANIZATION No Implementation date Action plan Owner agencies Coordinating Agencies 1 Ha Long housing plan for low Dept of Construction income people until 2010 and vision Dept of Finance 2007 City people’s committee towards 2020 Real estate enterprises 2 Divide into investment periods and Residential community set up pilot housing projects for City people’s committee Industrial production enterprises 2008 workers at suburban areas Real estate enterprises Ward people’s committee 3 Set up data base of housing for low City people’s committee Dept of Construction 2007 income people Real estate enterprises Ward people’s committee Industrial production enterprises 4 Establish urban design framework Dept of Construction for areas with outstanding Planning and architecture consultation 2008 City people’s committee landscapes. company 5 Divide into investment phases and Dept of Construction formulate pilot project of landscape Dept of Tourism, Dept 2008 City people’s committee axis of Culture - Information 6 Divide into investment phases and City people’s committee formulate projects to improve park, Urban environment Dept of Construction 2008 flower garden system. company Enterprises 7 Set up propaganda program of Urban environment City people’s committee 2007 sanitation in natural world heritage company Ward people’s committee 109 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance No Implementation date Action plan Owner agencies Coordinating Agencies and city areas. Residential community University 8 Set up data base to inspect plan City people’s committee implementation and preservation. Urban environment company University 2008 Dept of natural Dept of Construction resources – environment 9 Formulate plan to improve existing Dept of Construction infrastructure facilities in the Residential community City people’s committee, Dept of natural 2008 residential areas resources – environment, Dept of Finance, Dept of transportation Urban environment Company and public works 110 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 2. ACTION PLAN – THEME 2 – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE PART 1 - ACTION PLAN - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT No Implementation date Action Owner agencies Coordinating agencies 1 2007-2008 Encourage to build several new factories to People’s committee of People’s committee of Ha Long attract labors and exploit material source such Ha Long city city/Dept of trade and tourism/ as: sewing factory, paper production factory Enterprises 2 2007-2008 Boost the construction of dairy produce facilities People’s committee of People’s committee of Ha Long Ha Long city city/Dept of trade and tourism/ Enterprises 3 2008 Set up electronic information system for share People’s committee of Dept of science and using Ha Long city/IT Division technology/enterprises/universities 4 2008 Provincial center of soft ware and integrated People’s committee of Ha Long bay management data Province /Dept of broad/People’s committee of Ha Science and Technology Long city/Dept of Science and Technoloy 5 2007 Rehabilitate, repaire landscapes of islands and Ha Long bay Dept of planning and Investment/ caves on Ha Long bay; and coastal tourist management City People’s committtee /Dept of routes in Ha Long city. broad/People’s traportation and public works committee of Ha Long city/Dept of traportation and public works 6 2007-2008 Construction of tourist infrastructure facilities Ha Long bay Dept of planning and projects such as: tourist port, coastal line, management broad/City Investment/People’s committtee of sightseeing places and improve capacity of People’s Province/Dept of traportation and passenger tranportation committtee/Dept of public works traportation and public 111 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance No Implementation date Action Owner agencies Coordinating agencies works 7 2008 Set up and implement tourism propagranda and Dept of Tourism/city Dept of trade/City People’s advertising people’s committee committtee/residential community 8 2008 Set up electronic trade market of labors in Dept of labor and social City people’s science & technology, tourism and service welfare/city people’s committee/Enterprises/residential sectors committee community 9 2007-2008 Up grade commercial and service systems Dept of trade/city City people’s (super market, walking street, night market) people’s committee committee/Associations of small and medium size enterprises 10 2008 Consolidate and develop communication, Dept of Trade/City City people’s finance, banking and insurrance systems people’s committee/Associations of small committee/Dept of and medium size enterprises finance 11 2008 Implement socialization in service sector City people’s committee, City people’s urban public company committee/Associations of small and medium size enterprises/residential community 112 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance PART 2 - ACTION PLAN – URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE A. TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Implementation No Action Owner agencies Coordinating agencies date 1 2007 Complete Bai Chay bridge Ministry of transportation Dept of transportation Quang Ninh provincial people’s committee Ha Long city people’s committee 2 2008 Essential preparations for the construction of Misnistry of Industry Dept of Industry cement port Quang Ninh provincial people’s committee Ha Long city people’s committee 3 2008 Technical design and capital sources should Ministry of transportation Quang Ninh provincial people’s be prepared to implement Ha Long by pass committee road projects Dept of transportation Ha Long city people’s committee 4 2008 Do feasible researches of bus arrangement Dept of transportation Ha Long city people’s committee and submit them for approval; Equipment preparation and put it into operation by 2009 5 2007 Complete and construct Lang Bang Thermal Ministry of Industry Dept of Industry Electricity Plant as planned with its capacity of Quang Ninh provincial people’s 300 MW at phase 1 committee Ha Long city people’s committee 6 2007-2008 Formulate feasible researches to up grade two Dept of Construction Quang Ninh provincial people’s existing electricity plants Dong Ho and Dien committee Vong. Dept of Planning and Investment Dept of Finance 113 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Implementation No Action Owner agencies Coordinating agencies date Ha Long city people’s committee 7 2007-2008 Complete and build sewage network and Project Management Board Sponsors treatment station funded by Denmark and WB for water drainage and Dept of Construction sanitation Ha Long city people’s committee 8 2008 Build new treatment stations and sewage Project Management Board Sponsors network for water drainage and Dept of Construction sanitation Ha Long city people’s committee 9 2007-2008 Bidding preparation for providing rubbish vans Project Management Board Sponsors and other equipments for Urban environment for water drainage and Dept of Construction Company sanitation Ha Long city people’s committee 10 2008 Invitation for bidding in selecting treatment Project Management Board Sponsors equipments suppliers of public facilities (such for water drainage and Dept of Construction as incinerators of hospitals) sanitation Ha Long city people’s committee 11 2007-2008 Continue to improve infrastructures such Ha Long city people’s Dept of Construction power and water systems at tourist area of Bai committee Dept of trade and tourism Chay Enterprises 12 2007-2008 Formulate feasible studies on Hon Dept of transportation Ha Long city people’s committee Gai international trade - tourist port Dept of Construction Dept of trade and tourism 13 2007-2008 Construct coastal line around Bai Tho Dept of Transportation Ha Long city people’s committee mountain Dept of Construction 14 2007-2008 Construct coastal line at Lan Be – Pillar 8 Dept of Transportation Ha Long city people’s committee Dept of Construction 114 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance B. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE No Implementation date Action Owner agencies Coordinating agencies 1 2007-2008 Formulate investment projects to build cultural Home affair bureau People’s committee at houses at wards and communes commune/ward 2 2007-2008 Mobilize investment capita to up grade playing Culture and sport People’s committee at grounds at Cao Thang, Yet Kieu, Ha Khau, bureau commune/ward Gieng Day, Ha Phong 3 2007- 2008 Formulate construction projects and reclaim Economic bureau People’s committee at markets system in city. commune/ward 4 2007 Mobilize investment capital to build schools in Health bureau Health care centers, medical units city area at communes/wards 5 2007 Construct health care units achieve national Heath bureau Health care center, medical standard. consulting units at commune/ward 6 2007-2008 Formulate investment projects of rehabilitation Culture and sport People’s committee at and up grading sport clubs, stadium bureau commune/ward 115 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 3. ACTION PLAN – THEME 3 - ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT Implementation No Action Plan Owner agencies Coordinating agencies date 1 2007-2008 Require coal industry to tranport exploited coal by Quang Ninh provincial Ministry of Industry (MoI)/Dept of conveyor belt and tubes system; people’s committee Industry (DoI), VINACOMIN/ City people’s Committee (CPC) 2 2007-2008 Rehabilitate, improve environmental landscape of CPC CPC, Dept of Construction islands and caves on Ha Long bay; (DoC), Dept of Tranportation and Public Works (DoTPW), Dept of Tourism (DoT) 3 2007-2008 Rehabilitate, repair environmental landscape of coastal CPC CPC, DoC, DoTPW, DoT tourist routes in Ha Long city 4 2007-2008 Rehabilitate, improve environmental landscape of Bai CPC CPC, DoC, DoTPW, DoT Chay tourist area. 5 2007-2008 Control environment, limit adverse impacts of coal and CPC CPC, CPsP, Department of mineral mining, tourism on environment Science and Technology (DoST), Ha Long bay Management Board (BMB), VINACOMIN 6 2007-2008 Do researches on Ha Long bay’s environment as well Dept of Natural Dept of Planning and Investment as Ha Long city and others such as: Cam Pha, Uong resources and (DoPI), CPC. Bi…submit them for approval and then implementation. Environment. (DoRE) 7 2007-2008 Effectively use environmental reversion fund for key BMB, DoNE Dept of Finance (DoF), CPC projects in Ha Long city 8 2007-2008 Formulate Master plan to treat wastewater and DoRE DoF, CPC, BMB continuely carry out two on-going projects in Bai Chay 116 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Implementation No Action Plan Owner agencies Coordinating agencies date and Hon Gai (sponsored by Denmark and WB); and Bach Dang treatment station in Hon Gai 9 2007-2008 Project of arranging traffic currents at national road DoTPW DoNE, DoTT, CPC No18A, which pass by Ha Long center, should be implemented to help vans or bus to be able to avoid this stretch of road. 10 2007-2008 Sea encrochment should be managed to creat land for BMB, CPC, DoC People’s committee of Quang contruction Ninh Province (PCP), DoRE 117 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 4. ACTION PLAN – THEME 4 - FINANCE MANAGEMENT Implementation No Action Owner agencies Coordinating agencies date 1 2007 Do comprehensive researches on Dept of Finance Dept of Planning and Investment decentralizing province’s budget Finance and planning Division at city management to authorities’ city and level commune level. People’s committee at commune/ward level Statistics and tax agency, State treasury at provincial and city level 2 2008 Conference for public comments from Quang Ninh Dept of DoPI, Finance and planning Division at finance, planning, tax lines and communes Finance (Quang Ninh DoF) city level (FPDC) 3 2008 Complete researches and provide Quang Ninh Dept of People’s committee of ward and suggestions so as to change Finance (Quang Ninh DoF) commune (PcoWC) decentralization process at city and Statistics and tax agency, State treasury commune/ward by 2009 at provincial and city level 4 2007 Establish task force group for developing Finance and planning Dept of Finance reform program of city’s public finance bureau Dept of Planning and Investment management. Other divisions, units at city level Related agencies in city: State treasure, Tax and statistics agency People’s committee at commune/ward level 5 2007 Set up program and map route for detailed Finance and planning State treasure, Tax and statistics agency contents of public finance reform of which bureau People’s committee at commune/ward focus on reforming planning methods, level budget expenditure and strengthening 118 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Implementation No Action Owner agencies Coordinating agencies date cooperation amongst stakeholders. 6 2008 Organize mid carrier training programs to Finance and planning MoF, MoPI, DoF, DoPI, other Divisions raise awareness of planning and budget bureau in city, State treasure, Tax and statistics reform; provide training courses and agency promote knowledge, transparent financial People’s committee at commune/ward management level 7 2008 Visit, survey innovative pilot models in other Finance and planning MoF, MoPI, DoF, DoPI, other Divisions places. bureau in city, State treasure, Tax and statistics agency People’s committee at commune/ward level 8 2008 Implement some pilot programs of new Finance and planning MoF, MoPI, DoF, DoPI, other Divisions planning and budget model at several bureau in city, State treasure, Tax and statistics selected Departments, Divisions and local agency governments People’s committee at commune/ward level 119 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 5. ACTION PLAN – THEME 5 - POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND JOBS CREATION No Implementation Action Owner Agencies Implementing & Organizing date Agencies 1 Mobilize and classify capital demands, allocate Divison of Finance and Individual organizations, unions 2007-2008 short term investment sources in line with poverty Planning alleviation-jobs creation programs 2 Formulate supporting projects of development Divison of Finance and Women’s Union, Farmers’ promotion in the field of agriculture, forestry and Planning Union, Youth Union 2007-2008 aquaculture, organize technical cources for poor people so as to help them in their production activities 3 Propose supporting policies of fee, price of some Divison of Trade and Home affair bureau in charged 2007-2008 essential goods items for poor people Tourism of labor and social welfare at commune/ward level 4 Organize mid career training cources to improve Home affair bureau in People’s committee of 2007-2008 capacity and professional skills for staffs of poor charged of labor and social commune and ward alleviation and jobs creation. welfare 5 Set up credit projects to provide loans for poor City Bank for social policies Women’s union, farmer union, households, estimation of 300 of those will be youth union, Home affair bureau 2007 received preferential credit. in charged of labor and social welfare 6 Promote propaganda of poverty reduction Home affair bureau in People’s committee of 2007-2008 charged of labor and social commune and ward, Radio and welfare Television stations of city 7 Conduct vocational training cources for people were Home affair bureau in Vocational training schools and 2007 tranformed their jobs in region. Create new jobs for charged of labor and social centers, Employers, Division fo over 5,000 laborers welfare Trade and Service 8 Make plan to attract labor force for tourism industry Home affair bureau in Vocational training schools and 2007-2008 charged of labor and social centers, Employers, Division fo welfare Trade and Service 120 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 6. ACTION PLAN – THEME 6 - URBAN GOVERNANCE Implementation Implementing & Organizing No Action Owner Agencies date Agencies 1 Apply information technology in City people’s Committee Dept of Culture and Information. communication works so as to disseminate 2007 Informatics application in consultation regulations, law and market information for raising awareness of environmental protection company 2 Establish Urban Forum including three major City people’s Committee Social organizations, representatives sides Authority-Residents-Enterprises. They Dept of Culture and from residential communities have responsibility to provide and exchange Information Dept of Natural resources and 2007 information for urban development and city Environment environment protection Dept of Construction, and related Depts. in province 3 Prepare capcity building projects of CPC infrastructure network management and PC of Quang Ninh, Provincial Depts 2008 operation class 1 and 2 at city and urban and City Divisions service company 4 Form comprehensive strategy, plan and Quang Ninh Provincial Dept of Natural resources and program to use environmental reversion fund people’s committee Environment City people’s Committee Dept of Construction, Dept of Finance 2007-2010 Divisions, Depts. belonged to City governance, social organizations, representatives from residential communities 5 Integrate environment plan of coal and Quang Ninh Provincial tourism industry with progams using people’s committee DoRE, DoC, DoF, Divisions at city, 2009-2009 environmental reversion fund social organizations, representatives City people’s Committee from residential community 121 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 6 Formulate environment plan for coal industry VINACOMIN 2007 and tourism Dept of Viet Nam Tourism City people’s Committee 7 Review implemented works of Environment City people’s Committee City people’s Committee plan prepared by JICA Quang Ninh Provincial Quang Ninh Provincial people’s people’s committee committee 2007 Dept of Natural resources and Environment Dept of Construction 8 Review implemented works of Environment City people’s Committee City people’s Committee plan prepared by JICA Quang Ninh Provincial Quang Ninh Provincial people’s people’s committee committee 2008 Dept of Natural resources and Environment Dept of Construction 9 Set up regimes inspected by residents in Social organizations, Social organizations, representatives environmental protection at their respective representatives from from residential communities 2007 areas residential communities City people’s Committee City people’s Committee Depts., Divisions belonged to City level 10 Set up co-operative regime with regional City and provincial people’s Depts., Divisions belonged to 2007 Steering Committee in making decision for committee and Ha Noi provincial and city level investment regional Steering Committee 122 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance CHAPTER VI MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORKS 123 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 1. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORKS OF URBANIZATION • Urbanization must link to tourist human resource training 2005 Annual growth 2006 - Item (existing 2010 2020 2020 status) City’s population 200.000 250.000 415.000 4.99% Labor force in service and tourism sectors (person) 40.341 53.000 124.000 7-8% Labor force in industry and Construction sectors 63.183 76.000 126.000 4.71% (Person) • Construction of new urban area clusters, meets affordable housing requirments for labor forces s in Industry and Tourism sectors. Concrete objective 2010 2020 % new workers in Industry sector will be located in 359 70 newlybuilt apartments. Average housing area of each workers Average housing area per labor having a new job 20 20 Housing fund of workers will increase (1,000 sq m) 509 1420 • Urban landscaping must be exploited and protected for tourism economic growth. Specific criteria are devided into 9 areas (Details see Annex of construction framework and lanscape preservation) • Urban landscaping especially park space, open space and public transportation space should contribute to the improvement of urban resident living quality. 9 Supposed that the remain needs of housing will be provided by private sector. 124 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Specific objectives 2010 2020 - Average green area per Increase 1,25 times Increase 1,5 times compared capital(m2/person)10 compared with 2005 with 2010 - Average flower garden area Increase 1,25 times Increase 1,25 times compared in residential area compared with 2005 with 2005 (m2/person) - Average playground area in Increase compared with Increase compared with 2005 residential areas (m2/person) 2005 - Number of parks (ecological park, place, lake park) Increase average area per Increase average area per capita compared with capita compared with 2010 existing situation 10 Not include the area of park, forestry park, specialized forest 125 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 2. MONITORING FRAMEWORK AND EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • Develop tourism toward sustainable direction, balance between natural resources, environmental protection with socio-economic development, turn Ha Long to be a key tourist center of the South east coastal region achiveve international standard in the period 2010-2015 2010 2020 Tourism Total volume of visitors 3.1 million 5 million Total volume of international visitor 1.2 million 2 million Average increasing of rooms in hotels 1.000 rooms per annum Average increasing of labor force in 1.500 – 2.000 per person per year Tourism Average increasing of tourism and service 12.3 – 12.5% per year contribute to GDP Average increasing of total volume of 14.5% -15% per year goods exchange. • Harmonize links between Industry development with environment and other economic sectors, reasonlly promote potentials of natural resources and geographic position, actively contribute to economic growth, deal with jobs and develop society. Industry 2010 2020 Average increasing of industry 16,3 – 16,8% per year 16,3 – 16,8% per year contribuing to GDP Industrial land covered by projects 45ha per year 80ha per year Average increasing of labor force in 6,.200 people per 10,.200 people per industry year year 126 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 3. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF URBAN TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE • A good urban infrastructure system is an attractive factor of Ha Long city, one of the three angle in growth triangle Quang Ninh - Ha Noi - Hai Phong; Raise competitiveness and attraction of Ha Long city to the State investment sources, domestic private investment, ODA and FDI; • A goood operation of urban infrastructure will make full use of Tourism and increase attraction of Ha Long city in tourism development • A good operation of urban infrastructure system directly and actively contributes to protect living environment of residential area and Ha Long bay, a World Natural heritage. 2010 2020 Bai Chay bridge Operation 11/2006 - Port system, million per annum Increase port capacity to 20 million per year - Inner road density, km/km2. Achieves 2.0 km/km Achieves 2.4km/km2 - By pass road Construction of by pass road before 2010 - Rail road from Ha Long – Cai Lan Completion before 2008 - National Road and rail road from Starts in 2015 Ha Noi – Ha Long – Mong Cai Electricity supply - Lang Bang Thermoelectric plant Achieve 600 MW 1.350 MW in 2015 MW Water supply - Total capacity (m3/per person per 2 million 4 million day) % of population get acess to clean Improved 100% water Wastewater Residential and industrial 12 million m3 per day 80 million per day wastewater are to be treated m3 per day Percentage of areas having waste Improved 100% collection station and collection rate Collection and treatment of 300 tones per day 1,000 tones per day residential and industrial wastes Collection of wastes ton per day improved 100% 127 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 4. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE • Well develop social service sectors, ensure 100% of residents getting access to national electricity network, clean water, health care, education, culture, sport and others. • Follow up activities of culture, information and sport need to aim at basic objectives such as new human building with civilized living style cultural family. Build up an equal and civilized society, limitation of social evils at lowest level, assurement of healthy living environment, creation of comprehensive development for citizens not only material but also spiritual aspect. In 2010 Percentage of getting access to urban services 100% (Healh carea, education, culture, sport and others) Percentage of medical units at ward level achieve Increase from 9/20 to 20/20 naitonal standard Percentage of children can go to kindergartens and Increase from 86% to 95% nursery schools Percentage of handicap children can go to schools Increase from 93% to 95% Percentage of poor children can go to schools häc Increase from 95% to 100% Number of people get access to cultural buildings Increase from 90% to 95% Number of people get access to sport buildings Increase from 86% to 90% 128 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT HA LONG CITY AND HA LONG BAY Existing Objective & evaluation standard state 2010 2015 2020 I. Environmental management and protection at Ha Long city - Build up of By pass (see Before infrastructure development 2010 section) - Coal transportation by self- Before contained process 2010 - Collection and treatment of residential and industrial wastewater (see infrastructure development section) - Collection and treatment of residential and industrial wastewater (see infrastructure development section) - Enforce self-treatment of Before hazardous wastes upon 2010 enterprises (water, solid wastes, smoke and dust) - Regularly reduce and stop open Reduction of open Stop open coal coal mining in the territory of Ha coal mining mining Long city - Rehabilitation of land fields, open Regularly coal mine, canals and ditches - Relocate enterprises causing Before adverse impact out of residential 2010 areas - Set up urban environment Before inspector groups. 2010 II. Environmental management and protection at Ha Long bay - Amendment of floating port and Before wharf plans on bay somewhat 2010 limitation of quantity and items of coal and gasoline - Set up management plans of sea encroachment - Collect 100% of tourist wastes on Before Ha Long bay 2010 129 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance - Set up plans and resettlement for Before fishing villages to inland areas 2015 - Strengthen environmental Regularly inspection on Ha Long bay 130 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT • Investment should be focused, prevent scattered investment. Implement savings, carry out effectively regular expenditures through autonomy and self- responsibility mechanism in admistrative agencies and non-productive agencies under municipal management. • Strong decentralisation in financial management to municipal government, ward and commune governments, carry out pilot project in athorising autonomy and self-responsibility mechanism to ward and commune level. • Manage finance with public, transparent and democratic model to ensure the participation of residents and social organizations in monitoring financial matters and budget expenditures. • Continue to administration reform process in respect of: investment lisening, land use right cefitication, credit policy etc... fully support private development sector. The state administration must be acted as a servant for residents. • Coodinate the financial mechanism and policies with (national, regional and sectoral) development planning in order to create favorable conditions and stable development orientations for potential investors to prepare their long term business development strategy, attract domestic and foreign investment capital. Expected outputs Assessment criteria - Quantity of revenues and limit of • Every year: Increase State budget from 8 expenditures allocated by provincial to 10% as compared to previous years and government to city government 5% in relation with requirement made by - Quantity and limit of expenditures under people’s committee of Quang Ninh authorization of city government Province • Estimated percentage of state budget will - Quantity and limit of revenues allocated by be adopted by City as follows: provincial government to ward and commune budget o 2006: 172.5 billion VND o 2007: 189.7 billion VND - Quantity and limit of expenditures under o 2008: 203.3 billion VND authorization of ward and commune governments o 2009: 218 billion VND • Every year, city authorities reserve around - Number and level of self-responsibility of 25-30% of the total expenditure for agencies and organizations development investment (Comfirmation of - Number of steps in making estimated cost, expenditure ratio increases step by step settlement of payments over the years) - Number of sectors implements mid-term • Public services will be carried out more budget management plan effectively. - Number and level of transparency in • Terninate spread investment status financial reports • 100% of administrative agencies and non- - Number of agencies violates principle of productive units to be handed over transparency in budget management autonomy right - Number of enterprises invests in Ha Long • 100% of units aren’t required to change budget forecast exclusive objective 131 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance reasons • Decrease number of units violating principles of financial management every passing years • 100% of agencies and units publicly announce finanical situation according to regulations. • 100% of enterprises licenced to invest in Ha Long must implement as committed • 100% of enterprises will be satisfied with finance management of city 132 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND JOBS CREATION • Strive for addressing poverty problems before 2010. Poor household rate will be only 0.5%. • Increase income for poor households. • Reduce income gap and living standard between urban and rural areas and between plain and mountainous area and between groups of rich households and poor households. • Promote approaching capacity to social services. • Continuely inovate management and controlling capability, create favourable conditions for investors to deal with jobs • Increase working time at commune and ward level in suburban areas. • Stablize number of employees, increase labor productivity. • Assist and help poor households to develop their production and service business. • Create jobs and increase income • Improve quality of labor force, meet requirments of human resources for economic industries Average poor standard increase from 260.000 VND to 350,000 VND per month in city and from 200,000 VND to 300.000 VND per month in rural area. Poor household rate according to national standard decrease from 2.14% to 0.5% anually. Number of projects and programs of poverty alleviation increase from 32 to 47 ones. Number of ethnic minority in Poor household rate reduce from 0.03% to 0.01% Trained labor rate increase from 67% to 85%. Number of policies to be made to encourage people to attend vocational training cources. Unemployment rate decreases from 4.47% to 4%. 133 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE • Improvement of urban management capacity through strengthening autonomy in making dicisions. • Boost administrative reforms, strive for implementation of transparent and effective administrative system to attract investors • Transparency and efficiency in financial management toward autonomy and sustainable finance model • Complete environment management institutions, encourage participation of residents and social organizations in environment management Increase % of cerfitication of land use right to be issued and accelerate revenue from land tax Increase investment in new urban area projects which have links with industrial zones and service centers Set up and put data base system of land management into operation Improve managing capacity of land survey for authorities at ward and commune Infrastructure network at residential area should be socialized strongly Propose plans to effectively use environmental reversion fee. Set up monitoring regime of environment management at local level Capital mobilized for environmental protection to be increased Co-operate and expand market in region and with China in the field of tourism, trade will be strengthened 134 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 – ASSESSEMENT OF EXISTING URBAN POVERTY SITUATION AND ANALYSING MAPS ANNEX 1.1 – RESEARCHES ON POVERTY AND JOB STATUS ANNEX 1.2 – MAPS ANALYSING AND EVALUATING URBAN POVERTY STATUS APPENDIX 2 – MAPS ANALYSING AND EVALUATING CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY APPENDIX 3 – PRIOTIZED PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES APPENDIX 4 – CONSULTATION UNDERTAKEN APPENDIX 5 - REFERENCE 135 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance APPENDIX 1 – ASSESSEMENT OF EXISTING URBAN POVERTY SITUATION AND ANALYSING MAPS 136 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with assistance of WB advisor City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance ANNEX 1.1 – RESEARCHES ON POVERTY AND JOB STATUS A. CASE STUDY OF TWO WARDS IN HA LONG Consultation in two wards with the highest number of poor households namely Ha Khanh and Ha Trung:(see attached map of assessment) a) In Ha Trung ward – Ha Long city - On June 30th, 2006, the consultant group organized consultation meeting with poor households at Ha Trung ward People’s Committee. Participants included 44 households, 21 ward officials and heads of communities. - Ha Trung is the mountainous ward of Ha Long city; most of the land is hilly. At present, total number of poor households based on new criteria is 158 households, accounting for 8.57% of 1844 households in the ward. Ha Trung ward has the highest number of poor households compared to other wards/communes in Ha Long city. Causes of poverty: - In most of households, there are elder people, lack of laborers, many children; there is no stable employment, lack of production experience as well as economic development capital. - In several households, there are people with regular illness, disabled people, people convicted in social evil; these people have no land for cultivation and their income is unstable. Existing difficulties: - Population density is high on mountain sides and in the valleys, natural condition and social environment are not advantageous; economic development encounters many obstacles; infrastructure quality in general is low (123 households have no access to clean water); the accessibility to science and technology is limited; there are many difficulties in people’s living; and their income is low. Most of households earn their living by planting vegetables, limestone burning and brick and briquette production. - Poverty alleviation in the ward encounters many difficulties as there are no enterprise and business agencies in the local area. - Economic condition of the ward is still low; thus the development of economic sectors is still limited. Conclusion: Poor infrastructure in the area with high number of households (according to GIS analysis and consultation in local areas): - Ha Trung is the old street area with very poor infrastructure, particularly shortage of clean water for residential use. Most of employment opportunities are in coal mining but according to plan toward 2020, scale of coal mining will decrease remarkably, leading to high unemployment risk. - Transportation: Deficient and at low quality. Roads constructed with soil and slag account for 50% of total length of roads (including main roads, local roads and lanes). Asphalted road density in residential areas is 1.2km/km2, in the whole area of wards is 0.47km/km2. - Drainage system in the Eastern part is poor. - Shortage of social infrastructure: in short of medical centers, post offices, markets, cultural works and sport complex. - Residential areas are too near coal mining areas. - There has not been coal conveyor belt; coal transportation causes environmental pollution. 137 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with assistance of WB advisor City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance - Households have had access to electricity. - Many projects have been set up for the local area but up to now have not been implemented. (See Map 14- Ha Trung Ward – Location of poor households and current situation of infrastructure and environment sanitation) Orientations in the next few years: - To put special investment in infrastructure such as school, health care center, market to give people in Ha Trung ward an opportunity to improve their economic situation as well as accessibility to social infrastructure. - Ward People’s Committee will sign a contract on manual coal screening with Nui Beo coal Company, create and maintain from 80 to 100 stable jobs. - Local government and ward officials have to understand thoroughly the conditions of each household to help them benefit from the State’s policies. - Planning must be stable without resettlement and removal. In case of removal, there should be reasonable compensation. - 100% of households are issued poverty alleviation booklet and health insurance card according to schedule - Simplify loaning procedures so that poor households will have enough capital for economic development. - Give priority poor households having members at working age. - Focus on vocational training to step by step changing jobs for workers in coal mining industry. b) In Ha Khanh ward – Ha Long city - On June 30th, 2006, the consultant group organized consultation meeting with poor households at Ha Khanh ward People’s Committee. Participants include 32 households, 10 ward officials and 3 enterprises in the ward area. - Total number of poor households based on new criteria is 106, accounting for 7.07% of total number of households in the ward which is 1499 households. Ha Khanh ward is the second leading ward in Ha Long city in term of total number of poor households. However, the number of very poor households is very large (66 households) and the number of illiterate children is also large (58 children) Causes of poverty: - Main causes include: lack of capital for production, lack of employment, large number of children in a family, social evils (gambling, drug addiction), diseases and disability, having no house or living in slums and squatter (23 households), having no land for production (15 households). Laborers have low educational level and have no technical profession. Existing difficulties: - Ha Khanh ward is far from the city center. There is no dynamic for economic development. Infrastructure quality is low (24 households have no access to clean water, 8 households have no access to electricity). (Data provided by Division of Home Affairs - Labour and Social Welfare of Ha Long city) - The terrain is complicated with rocky mountains and salt-marsh land; in dry season there are usually droughts, in rainy season it is usually flooding. Total area of the ward is large, labor distribution is dispersed; thus people’s access to information is very limited. (See Map 15- Ha Khanh Ward – Location of poor households and current situation of infrastructure and environment sanitation) 138 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with assistance of WB advisor City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance - Many households want to develop business by aquaculture production but the water source has been polluted by coal mining industry. - Every year, the number of redundant labor is from 200 to 250 people. Most of them are young people who have graduated high schools but have no financial ability to continue study and apply for a job. - There has not been a model of production which can attract poor laborers. - In Ha Khanh, there are two different areas: the populated area in the South West where clean water supply and pollution are main issue to be addressed. In the mountainous area in the North East, there is lack of basic facilities for indigenous people. According to GIS analysis and consultation in local areas, there are several predominant difficult situations: - Many households are in short of clean water, the quality of water supply network is low. According to the report of local government, at present, in the ward area along provincial road No 337, there are 880 households who do not have access to clean water for residential use (well can not be dug due to salt water absorption). - Road: Deficient and at low quality, many soil roads have been concretized. Concrete roads account for 55% and soil roads account for 27% of total length of roads (including main roads, local roads and lanes). - Urban arterial roads and local roads have been concretized and covered with asphalt: road density in residential area is 2km/km2 (these residents all live along provincial road number 337 which also plays the role of urban arterial road); road density in the whole area of ward is 0.23km/km2 (roads have not been constructed in the North East mountainous area). - The quality of wastewater drainage system in the South area is low and pumping station has not been constructed. - Insufficient social infrastructure: in short of heath care facilities, post offices and markets. - Residential areas are too near cemeteries and landfills, there has not been waste treatment plant. - Advantage: households have been able to access electricity. Orientations in the next few years: - Put special investment in infrastructure such as water supply to each household, construct markets to create more jobs for poor households. - In order to address the problem of clean water shortage, the City should invest in water pipeline for residential use along provincial road No 337 with the diameter of pipeline of Φ200, the length of 7000m and total value of approximately 2.5 billion VND. - Local government and ward officials as well as heads of communities have to get to know exactly about the situation of poor households to help them escape from poverty. - 100% of households are issued poverty alleviation booklet and health care insurance cards. - Loaning procedures should be simplified in case poor households need to get loan for production. - Rights of poor households should be widely disseminated to encourage production. - For 25 poor households of Tay ethnic group, there should be special prioritized support policy. 139 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with assistance of WB advisor City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance A. SOLUTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION People's Committee of wards/communes should review and classify households to assist them to escape poverty and have a stable life. No Classification Current support Support policies in the Capital policies future sources I Classified by age 1.1 Children at learning Exemption or Exemption of tuition fee age ( 6 – 17 years reduction of tuition Do not have to old) fee contribute to the (the second child in construction of schools the family will not during learning benefit from process. exemption or Scholarships are reduction of tuition awarded to pupils with fee) excellent study results. Subsidy in case of a At the beginning of the contingency school year, pupils are Orphan can receive issued stationery, 100,000 VND per books and notebooks month 1.2 Students of high Exemption or Exemption of tuition fee schools, colleges and reduction of tuition Facilitate employment universities (17 – 22 fee recommendation to years old) increase income. After graduation, students will be able to get loan to settle down. 1.3 Young people at Short term vocational Long term vocational working age (17 – 30 training training in 1 to 2 years years old) Labor export Vocational training in Getting loan for association with job production and creation business Households should be able to access information on labor market 1.4 Labor at the age from Getting loan for Training to provide 30 to 55 years old production and knowledge and skills in business agricultural production, forestry and aquaculture. 1.5 Elder people over 55 Elder people living Monthly subsidy years old alone Periodical medical check Suffering from 140 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance diseases and have no working ability II Classified by access to social infrastructure system 2.1 Health care Health care insurance 100% of poor cards are issued. households are issued People can have health care insurance medical check and cards in time. treatment free of 100% of charge. wards/communes have medical centers meeting national standard in terms of equipments and medical officials to improve the quality of medical check and treatment. 2.2 Education Exemption or Facilitate poor children reduction of tuition so that 100% of them fee can go to school as other children Construct and restore school systems to meet national standards (sport stadiums, libraries, laboratories, botanical gardens) Construct tourism college 2.3 Markets Most of markets are Wards/communes have small and open-air covered markets; poor markets households have opportunities to develop their business III Classified by living condition 3.1 Transportation Improve roads and Investment in lanes in rural areas transportation system according to plan 3.2 Electricity Connect electricity Investment in line and install improvement of electric-meter free of electricity cable system charge 3.3 Clean water for Connect water pipes, Investment in water 141 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance residential use install pump for drilled supply system wells and water-meter according to plan free of charge 3.4 Housing Construct charitable Getting loan to repair houses houses Allocate land for Resettlement housing construction Support in repairing houses IV Improving capability and awareness 4.1 Communication Communication 100% of local network has not been newspapers and radios established have articles on poverty alleviation 100% of poor households and households near poverty line are aware of information on poverty alleviation programs. Encourage all people, organizations and groups to participate in Poor People Fund. Increase the quality and effectiveness of dissemination about policies of the Communist Party and of the State on poverty alleviation, good practices and effective poverty alleviation models in local area. 4.2 Improve the capability At present, all officials 100% of of officials in charge working on poverty wards/communes and of poverty alleviation alleviation are also in towns have official tasks at different charge of other tasks. major in poverty levels alleviation Every year, officials in charge of poverty alleviation should be able to attend training courses on this issue. 142 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance ANNEX 1.2 – MAPS ANALYSING AND EVALUATING URBAN POVERTY STATUS 143 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 1 - URBANIZATION REFLECTED BY THE EXPANSION OF ADMINISTRATIVE BORDER LEGEND Existing urban wards Urban wards in 1993 National roads, Provincial roads Urban arterial road Railway Existing rural communes Rural communes in 1993 Other roads Ward/commune geographical border Rivers, sea Other outer roads The city has expanded its administrative border in the urbanization process since 1993 (when Hon Gai provincial town was converted into Ha Long city) up to now: since 1993, two suburban communes have been urbanized and become administrative units at urban ward level (Hung Thang, Tuan Chau); integrate 2 new communes namely Viet Hung and Dai Yen. - In 1993, in Ha Long city, there are 16 urban wards and 2 suburban communes namely Tuan Chau and Hung Thang, but by 2003, these two communes will become urban administrative unit at ward level. - In 2001, two new communes namely Viet Hung and Dai Yen will be integrated into the city At present, in the city, there are 18 urban wards and 2 suburban wards. 144 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 1B – SEA ENCROACHMENT FOR URBAN CONSTRUCTION LEGEND Sea encroachment area according to land use planning toward 2010 National road Other roads Land area according to current situation of land use Sea encroachment area observed on satellite photos in October, 2003 Other outer roads Railroad River, sea (*): Current situation according to Approved document in 2005. Previous situation was estimated in 2002. Urban aterial road Border of wards/ communes Sea encroachment process through GIS analysis: - Sea encroachment process has taken place quite rapidly in recent years, estimated to be 353ha from 2002-2003; the sea will continue to be encroached according to land use planning (according to plan: 590 ha of the sea will be encroached by 2010 – data calculated by measuring method on maps); the furthest area will be approximately 500m from the land. - In some areas at the river gates, there is mangrove forest along Cua Luc bay where there was ground leveling. 145 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 1C – POPULATION DENSITY Population density in 2005 (people/km2) National road Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Other roads Railroads Border of wards/communes River, sea 146 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 2 - POOR AREAS Percentage of poor households in wards/communes (%) Location of poor households National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Local roads Railroad Wards/communes boundary Rivers, sea The average percentage of poor households in Ha Long city is 2.14% lower than Nam Dinh city (6.68%) and Hai Duong city (5.4%). The distribution of poor households is not uneven. The lowest percentage of poor households is in Bai Chay, which is only 0.46%. The highest percentage of poor households is in Ha Trung, Ha Khanh and Tuan Chau (ranging from 7.07% to 8.73%). However, Ha Trung and Ha Khanh wards have the highest number of poor households and poor household density; there have been more detailed study on these two wards. 147 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 3 - POOR AREAS WITH VERY LOW INCOME Percentage of households having income lower than 50% of poverty line National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Local roads Railroad Wards/communes boundary Rivers sea The criterion of poor households with income below 50% of poverty line (very poor households) shows that Ha Khanh and Tuan Chau wards have the highest percentage of poor households, followed by Ha Trung, Ha Lam and Hung Thang. There is no very poor household in the wards in the city center on the two sides of Bai Chay bridge. The objective of having no very poor households must be integrated in the city development strategy on poverty alleviation. 148 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 4 - AVERAGE NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN A POOR HOUSEHOLD Average number of members in a poor household National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Local roads Railroad Wards/communes geographical border Rivers, sea 149 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 5 - AGE-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF POOR GROUPS The number of poor people and age structure Structure: - Adults - Children - Elder Classification by age groups: National roads - Adults Other outer roads - Adults & elder people Main arterial roads - Children Other roads - Children & adults Railroads - Children & elder people Wards/communes boundary - Elder people Rivers, sea Average age structure of poor people in the whole city: percentage of children 27.98%, adults 59.32%, and elder people 12.70%. Poor adults and combination between adult and elder people groups concentrate in the East side of the city, where urbanization has taken place for a very long time – this place must have attracted many poor labor. Combination between children and elder people concentrates in the area far from the city center. The percentage of children is highest in Ha Trung, Hong Hai, Yet Kieu and Gieng Day. The percentage of elder people is high in two new wards namely Hung Thang and Tuan Chau. This map also shows the number of poor people; it can be easily recognized that Ha Khanh and Ha Trung wards not only have high percentage of poor households but also highest number of poor people in Ha Long city. 150 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 6 - POOR UNEDUCATED CHILDREN % of uneducated children in total number of children in poor households at the age from 5 to 16 National roads Other outer roads Main arterial roads Other roads Railroads Wards/communes boundary Rivers, sea 151 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 7 – NUMBER OF PEOPLE PER LABORER IN POOR HOUSEHOLDS Average number of people per laborer National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Other roads Railroad Wards/communes geographical border Rivers sea 152 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 8 - PERCENTAGE OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS NOT INVOLVED IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Percentage of poor households not involved in economic activities over total number of poor households (%) National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Other roads Railroad Wards/communes geographical border Rivers, sea 153 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 9 - HOMELESS POOR HOUSEHOLDS Percentage of homeless households or households living in temporary houses over total number of poor households (%) National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Other roads Railroad Wards/communes boundary Rivers, sea 154 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 10 - POOR HOUSEHOLDS USING NATURAL WATER FOR RESIDENTIAL USE Percentage of households using natural water over total number of poor households (%) National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Other roads Railroad Wards/communes boundary Rivers, sea 155 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 11 - POOR HOUSEHOLDS HAVING NO ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY FOR RESIDENTIAL USE Percentage of households having no access to electricity over total number of poor households (%) National roads Other outer roads Urban arterial roads Other roads Railroad Wards/communes geographical border Rivers, sea 156 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 12 - CLASSIFICATION OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS BASED ON LIVING CONDITION Classification of poor households based on living National roads conditions (housing, clean water, electricity) Other outer roads Urban arterial roads 1. Best living condition. There is nearly no deficiency in living condition (7) Other roads 2. No electricity. Sufficient housing and clean water (1) Railroad 3. Insufficient housing and clean water (4) Wards/communes boundary 4. Serious deficiency of water. Sufficient housing and electricity (2) Rivers, sea 5 Insufficient living condition at average level (6) This is integrated component classification, separated classification in term of living condition – is the medium synthesis level before final synthesis level. Classification of living condition is based on 3 variables: percentage of homeless households or households living in temporary houses (homeless), percentage of households using natural water for residential use (shortage of clean water), percentage of households having no access to electricity for residential use (shortage of electricity). Classify by using variable synthesis method with the support of statistics analysis technology. The map of poor households classified into 5 groups based on living condition describes in detail different groups of shortage in living condition. No group is in short of all 3 aspects of living condition but only 1 or 2 aspects; particularly, there is a group with 7 wards/communes that can ensure the living condition for poor people. The most predominant characteristics of each group is as following: The first group of households has the most sufficient living condition (housing, clean water, electricity). The second group includes households who are in short of electricity but sufficient water and housing. The third group is in short of housing and clean water. The fourth group includes wards/communes with poor households in serious shortage of clean water. The fifth group includes wards/communes with the percentage of poor households in short of living condition at medium level compared to wards/communes of other groups. 157 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 12B – POOR HOUSEHOLD CLASSIFICATION BY SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS Classification of poor households by National roads social characteristics Other outer roads Urban aterial roads 1. Most of social characteristics are at medium level Other roads 2. Highest pecentage of poor adults Railroad 3. Percentage of elder people higher than other areas. Low number of jobs and many illiterate cildren. Border of ward/commune 4. Many poor households not involved in economic activities River, sea 5. Many illiterate children This is integrated classification by the second group of indices which are social characteristics. This is also intermediate integrated classification before coming to completed integrated classification. Classification by social characteristics is based on 7 variables: average number of people in a poor household, percentage of children, percentage of adults, percentage of elder people, percentage of illiterate children, number of people per laborer, percentage of households not involved in economic activities. Classification using variable integration method is supported by statistical analysis technology. There are five types of poor household classified by social characteristics and illustrated on the map. The most predominant characteristics of each group are as following: The first group include wards/communes having most of social characteristics at medium level compared to other wards/communes. The second group includes many poor adults. The third group: compared to other group, this group includes many poor elder people, many illiterate children and many households not involved in economic activities. The forth group includes many households not involved in economic activities. The fifith group has the highest number of illiterate children. 158 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 13 - CLASSIFICATION OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS Classification of poor households by poverty index National roads systhesis method Other outer roads 1. Better condition than other groups. Indices are not so disadvantageous (10) Urban arterial roads 2. Insufficient clean water, many households still use natural water for residential use (2) Other roads 3. Living condition (housing, water for residential use) is low, many uneducated children (2) Railroad 4. Insufficient employment, many households are not involved in economic activities (5) Wards/communes boundary 5. The poorest group in term of income, uneducated children, insufficient electricity and housing (1) Rivers, sea Classification based on the synthesis of 12 variables – 12 analyzed poor indices: the number of members per household, the percentage of uneducated children, the number of people per laborer, the percentage of . children, the percentage of adults, the percentage of elder people, the percentage of households not involved in economic activities, the percentage of homeless households, the percentage of households using natural water, the percentage of households having no access to electricity, the percentage of very poor households – income is below 50% of poverty line, the percentage of poor households – income below poverty line. Classify by variable synthesis method with the support of statistics analysis technology. The most predominant indices in term of spatial distribution include employment, living condition (housing, water, electricity), lack of education and income below 50% of poverty line. The map of poor households classified into 5 groups has been explained (see the map above). The classification is the most useful in identifying predominant poor situation in wards/communes; areas are divided into groups with the same poor situation so that poverty alleviation strategies are identified. For example, Ha Khanh ward is in a separated group - Group 5 with many disadvantage indices that should be paid special attention: low income, lack of education, low housing condition and no access to electricity. Meanwhile, poor households in wards/communes of group 1 have better living condition than other groups. Clean water supply system should be constructed in Viet Hung commune and Ha Trung ward, both of which are in group 2. Wards in group 3 have less difficulty in water supply; however, there are many poor uneducated children in these wards. There are needs of education and vocational training as well as employment support in wards of group 4 (Ha Khau, Gieng Day, Ha Lam, Tran Hung Dao, Yet Kieu). Map of poor household classification is integrated map of 12 poor indices analyzed based on raw materials provided by the city government. However, for more detail, see map of each variable analysis or map of integrated components including 3 groups: - Group No 1: Physical living conditions described in the Map of Poor household classification by living conditions - Group No 2: Social characteristics describing characteristics of households – society shown in the Map of Poor household classification by social characteristics - Group No 3: Income: income below poverty threshold and below 50% of poverty threshold. This group has been described by map of each variable analysis without the need of integrated classification 159 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY - HA TRUNG WARD MAP 14 - LOCATION OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS AND CURRENT SITUATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT SANITATION LEGEND Main waste collection Asphalt roads (provincial road – urban Canals, streamlines, drainage culverts points arterial road) Pumping stations Poor households Concrete roads Dumping ground for coal basins Secondary schools, primary Pathway Areas subjected to flood schools Coal mining basins Electricity stations Water supply pipelines d500 Ponds lakes 160 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY - HA KHANH WARD MAP 15 - LOCATION OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS AND CURRENT SITUATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT SANITATION Legend: Asphalt roads Canals, streamlines, drainage Coal mining basins Poor households Concrete roads culverts Secondary schools, primary Landfills schools Pathway Drainage culvert Cultural centers Electricity stations Areas subjected to flood Cemetery 161 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY MAP 16 – INFRASTRUCTURE (Existing situation 2006) LEGEND Bus stop Power station School Potential sea encroachment area National road Railway, Station Water work Market according to land use planning toward Kindergarten Port T.V broadcast station 2010 Other outer road Stadium, sport complex Park Urban aterial road Ferry Post office River, sea Sea encroachment area observed on Other roads Ferry station Health care center Cultural center, theater Border of ward/commune satellite photos in October,2003 162 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance APPENDIX 2 – MAPS ANALYSING AND EVALUATING CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 163 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 1 - DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AT REGIONAL SCALE To KunMing - China Ringroad No 1 AND MOUNTAINOUS REGION NORTHERN HILLY Ring road No 2 To the South of China LEGEND Urban areas To Chinese coastal area Special urban Urban Class I Urban Class II (Ha Long) To Vientiane - Lao Urban Class III Urban Class IV Development strategy for regions Northern key economic region Red River delta region and -Northern key economic region To Vientiane - Bangkok Northern hilly and mountainous region Central coastal region Quang Ninh province Ha Long, Quang Ninh: Regional center and transportation node RED RIVER DELTA REGION AND NORTHERN KEY Van Nam - Lao Cai - Ha Noi - Ha Long axis ECONOMIC REGION Coastal axis Ring road No 1 and 2 of the Northern region Proposed airport Northern Tourism region To Vientiane - Lao Port cluster Ha Long bay - Cat Ba island Axis, ring roads and relevant transportation nodes Axis International airport Ring road No 3 of the Northern region Other airports Rivers, sea 164 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 2 - DEVELOPMENT AXIS AND CENTERS Connecting Hanoi to Northern midland provinces Connecting to Cam Pha – Mong Cai Yen Lap lake Connecting to Cam Pha – Mong Cai LEGEND Main axis and directions Level 1: city arterial axis, Ha Long bay connecting with other regions in the country Level 2: connecting axis level 1 with the regional center Level 3: connecting sub centers in the region New urban area Existing major coal mine Development centers Limestone mountain Tourism and entertainment area Main city center: administration - service, commerce Area of sea encroachment according to land use planning Urban green: forest, green trees, parks toward 2010 Areas of service, tourism and high-standard hotels Rivers, sea Agriculture - forestry – aquaculture Functional center: New urban area - regional port – industry Contour; altitude (m) Industry - forestry - agriculture Functional center: New urban area - industry - technical infrastructure Ha Long bay - World Natural Heritage Geographical boundary of Ha Long city Old urban areas to be restored and developed 165 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 3 - TERRAIN AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM LEGEND Altitude point (m) Existing national roads and provincial roads converted to Existing inter-provincial railroad to be upgraded, national roads stations Area of sea encroachment according to land use planning toward 2010 Proposed inter-provincial railroad Area of sea encroachment according to observation of satellite photos Proposed national roads Existing rail road for coal transportation Other existing outer roads Rivers, sea Existing local port Other proposed outer roads Existing regional port to be upgraded Geographical boundary of Ha Long city Existing urban arterial streets or national roads converted to urban streets Cua Luc - sea vessel route Geographical boundary of wards/communes Proposed urban arterial streets Existing bus stop Existing ferry route and station 166 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 4 - TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY To Hanoi and Northern midland provinces Lang Bang water work To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Northern midland provinces Dong Ho water work Man River water work Dien vong water work Hoanh Bo 220kv power station Lang bang 220kv Lang Bang power station To Ha Noi Cua Luc bay Lang bang thermal power plant Dong Dang water work Giap Khau 110kv power station Cai Lan port Sato port To Cam Pha, Mong Cai Quang Ninh T.V broadcast station To Hoang Tan LEGEND Existing inter-provincial railroad to be upgraded, stations Power plant under construction Area of sea encroachment according to land Existing national roads and provincial roads use planning toward 2010 converted to national roads Existing power stations of 220kv and 110kv Proposed inter-provincial railroad Area of sea encroachment according to Proposed national roads observation of satellite photos Existing rail road for coal transportation Other existing outer roads Proposed power stations of 220kv and 110kv Existing local port Rivers, sea Other proposed outer roads Existing water work to be upgraded Existing urban arterial streets or national Existing regional port to be upgraded Contour, altitude point (m) roads converted to urban arterial streets Proposed water work Cua Luc - sea vessel route Proposed urban main streets Geographical boundary of Ha Long city Telecommunication T.V broadcast station Existing bus stop Existing ferry route and station Geographical boundary of wards/communes 167 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 5 - INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY To Hanoi and Northern midland provinces To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Northern midland provinces Thang Long cement factory Ha Long cement factory North Cua Luc industrial park Proposed thermal power plant To Hanoi Ha Long ship building plant Cai Lan industrial zone Cai Lan port Sato industrial zone To Cam Pha, Mong Cai Dai Yen – Dong Mai industrial cluster Sato port To Hoang Tan LEGEND Existing coal screening factory Existing national roads and provincial Area of sea encroachment according Existing inter-provincial railroad to be to land use planning toward 2010 Existing industrial zone roads converted to national roads Existing mechanic factory upgraded, stations Proposed national roads Proposed inter-provincial railroad Area of sea encroachment according Existing construction material factory to observation of satellite photos Proposed industrial zone Other existing outer roads Existing rail road for coal transportation Proposed construction material Rivers, sea Other proposed outer roads Existing local port Power plant under construction factory Existing urban arterial streets or national roads converted to urban arterial streets Existing regional port to be upgraded Contour, altitude (m) Existing major coal mine, plan to decrease Agricultural product processing factory and terminate open coal mining Geographical boundaryr of Ha Other factories Proposed urban main streets Cua Luc - sea vessel route Long city Port and warehouses under Existing bus stop Geographical boundary of Existing mining chemical factory Existing ferry route and station construction wards/communes 168 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 6 - CITY AND HA LONG BAY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Ha Khanh ward YEN LAP LAKE ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AREA Ha Khau ward Ha Lam ward DAI DAN ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AREA Bai Chay ward Cao Xanh ward Coal museum area Hung Thang ward Lan Be ecological museum Hong Ha ward Tuan Chau ward Dau Go cave Thien Cung cavern Con coc island Chan voi cavern Tam Cung cavern Lom Ngan island Me Cung cavern BO HON SOI SIM TOURISM AND ENTERTAINMENT AND RESORT AREA Soi Van island Hon But island Luoi Liem island Ong Tien cave Nat island Cua Van fishing village HA LONG BAY – WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE SITE HANG TRAI SEA AND ISLAND ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AREA Bai Dong island LEGEND Major city center: administration - commerce, Coal museum Area of sea encroachment service according to land use planning Ha Long bay - World Natural Heritage Area of Tourism service and high-standard hotel toward 2010 Ecological museum Area of sea encroachment New urban area: Service-tourism-commerce Heritage sites according to observation of Sea -island tourism and satellite photos entertainment area Tourism beaches Ecological urban area Geographical boundary of Ha Tourism attraction points: Islands, Mangrove forest ecological Long city caves, cavern Ecological tourism area conservation area Geographical boundary of Tourism and entertainment area wards/communes 169 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 7 - ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT To Hanoi and Northern midland provinces To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Northern midland provinces Wastewater treatment plant for power plant Lang Bang thermal power plant To Hanoi Ha Khau landfill Ha Khau cemetery Solid waste treatment plant Deo Sen cemetery To Cam Pha, Mong Cai To Hoang Tan Power plant under construction, there should be strict Management of sea encroachment for construction site LEGEND regulations on environmental protection Existing bus stop Existing inter-provincial railroad to be Area of sea encroachment Existing wastewater treatment plant Location of major coal mine, in need of environmental reversion according to land use planning upgraded, stations strategy toward 2010 Proposed wastewater treatment plant Proposed inter-provincial railroad Existing national roads and provincial roads converted to national Area of sea encroachment Proposed wastewater treatment plant(with implemented roads according to observation of satellite project) Proposed national roads Existing rail road for coal transportation photos Proposed wastewater treatment pond Existing local port Rivers, sea Other existing outer roads Existing solid waste treatment plant Existing regional port to be upgraded Contour, altitude (m) Other proposed outer roads Proposed solid waste treatment plant Geographical boundary of Ha Existing urban arterial streets or national roads converted to Long city Existing cemetery; continue to be in use Cua Luc - sea vessel route urbanstreets Geographical boundary of Proposed cemetery and crematorium Proposed urban arterial streets Existing ferry route and station wards/communes 170 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance HA LONG CITY: CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MAP 8 - POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY The strategic map is prepared based on strategic objectives, prioritized projects and action plans under poverty alleviation theme of Ha Long city development strategies, and is also based on analysis of data provided by the City government – these analysis contents are shown by a series of analyzing maps and several synthesis maps that have been presented in the latest Thematic report. To Hanoi and Northern midland provinces To Cam Pha, Mong Cai In particular, based on the list of prioritized projects and action plans, this poverty alleviation strategic map reflects a new idea, which is the selection of the first prioritized areas for investment compared to other To Northern midland provinces areas of the city. In term of methodology, the map integrates information from data analysis and overlapping of data layers with GIS functions; analysis of 12 variables corresponding to 12 poverty indices, accurate assessment of areas and prioritized fields. The most important information can be derived from the completed synthesis map and intermediate synthesis map, followed by analysis. In term of illustration, locations where poor households live can be identified accurately, thus, data layer of prioritized To fields for poverty alleviation can be put over data layers percentage of poor households and locations of poor households. The map shows areas and corresponding fields of 1st priority in poverty alleviation – these are the most emerging fields identified in data analysis process; it is not necessary to show other fields as well as less prioritized To Cam Pha, Mong Cai areas as the poverty situation is not too bad; moreover, there have been analysis contents in thematic reports and maps for analysis purposes in the appendixes. Ha Khanh and Ha Trung wards have the highest number of poor households with low living condition; these areas are in need of infrastructure investment, loan and support to send poor children to schools. The poor area of Tuan Chau ward also has low quality To infrastructure, children are rarely sent to schools, the number of poor LEGEND Current situation of poverty elder people in these area is also high; therefore, this area is in need of Percentage of poor households in infrastructure investment, educational support, and subsidy for elder wards/communes (%) in 2005 people. The poor area of Ha Tu ward is in need of clean water supply, housing and educational support. Poor people at working age in Gieng Day, Ha Khau, Ha Lam, Tran Hung Dao and Yet Kieu wards are in short of employment; these people should be provided with vocational training Transportation system development strategy Area of sea encroachment in association with employment. Poor households in Viet Hung commune Location of poor households in 2005 Existing national roads and provincial Existing inter-provincial railroad to be upgraded, stations according to land use planning toward 2010 are in short of clean water and clean water supply projects; meanwhile Poverty alleviation strategy: Areas given 1st priority in poverty alleviation roads converted to national roads Proposed inter-provincial railroad Area of sea encroachment Proposed national roads poor area in Hung Thang ward should be given priority in electricity Key poor areas, in need of infrastructure investment Project of vocational training support Existing rail road for coal according to observation of satellite photos Other existing outer roads transportation supply. projects, loans, education support in association with employment Other proposed outer roads Existing local port Rivers, sea In need of infrastructure investment Areas in need of infrastructure investment projects, project (focus in water supply) Existing urban arterial streets or Existing regional port to be Above analysis are based on figures provided by city in 2005. In the education support and subsidy for elder people national roads converted to urban streets upgraded Geographical boundary of Ha Long city Area in need of infrastructure Cua Luc - sea vessel route future, during city development process, poverty can be changed in each Areas in need of infrastructure investment projects (focus investment project (focus in electricity Proposed urban arterial streets Geographical boundary of in water supply), housing, and educational support wards/communes area, which requies the city to investigate continuously to amend poverty supply) Existing bus stops Existing ferry route and station alleviation plan, especially recent urbanized rural communes (Dai Yen, Viet Hung). 171 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance APPENDIX 3 – PRIOTIZED PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES THEME 1: URBANISATION 1.Urbanization should link to human resource development, job creation and friendly information market development including make advantages of regional market on service, tourism and commerce. 2.Urban landscaping should be exploited to serve for the goal of economic growth in tourism. Urban landscaping should be preserved in balance between development and Halong Bay landscaping environment. 3.Construction of new urban area clusters will meet housing requirments for labor force working in industry and tourism sector. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority level Level of demand 1.high, appropriateness to No for capital 2006- 2010- 2016- State Local Activities/investment projects (VND ODA FDI Private 2.Average, development 2010 2015 2020 budget budget 3. Low objectives billion) 1 Reviewing and database not yet x x x 1 1 setting up Project on labor provided market 2 School of tourist training 300 x x x x x x 1 1 3 Improvement and up grading 100 x x x x 1 1 of Bai chay environment 4 Rehabilitation and reparation 80 x x x x 1 1 of city tourist coastal route 5 Recreation park and city's out 800 x x x x x x 2 2 door sport center 6 Tourist port 480 x x x 1 1 7 Establish a center of visisting 776 x x x x x 2 1 8 Pilar 3 sport center 80 x x x 2 1 172 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 9 Invest in infrastructure facilities not yet x x x 1 1 (Ha Khanh, Ha Trung, Tuan provided Chau) 10 Construction of apartments 150 x x x 1 1 11 Build up of residential area in 325 x x the south of Hung Thang 12 Built Infrastructure facilities for 250 x x x x 2 2 Yen Khe - Dai An **: These projects were planned to be implemented from 2000-2005, however there were only two of those approved (exchange rate: US$1=VND16,000) 173 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 2: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE 1. Sustainable development of tourism and trade in respect of: natural resources,environment, socio-economic in closeassociation with other economic sectors with direction to balancing demand and supply 2. Make Ha Long to be come a tourist center of North East coastal region, a sea tourist center with international standard in the period 2010-2015 3. Harmonize industrial development with environment and other economic sectors, extract reasonally potentials of natural resources and its geographical topography, actively contribute to economic growth, create jobs and social development. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source demand Priority level Level of appropriateness for 1.high, No 2006- 201- 2016- State Local to development capital 2.Average, 3. Activities/investment projects ODA FDI Private objectives (VND 2010 2015 2020 budget budget Low billion) I- Priority investment projects of tourist development A Preservation and restoration 1 Rehabilitation, reparation of 50 25 25 x 1 1, 4 landscapes at the islands on Ha Long bay. 2 Plant and breed coral 25 12 13 x 2 1, 4 ecosystem and magrove forest in coastal areas of Ha Long city 3 Restoration of major historical monuments: Historical x 2 1, 4 clusters such as Bai Tho mountain, Loi Am pagoda. 4 Rehabilitate, repaire landscapes 80 80 x 1 1, 4 of tourist infrastructures at coastal areas in Ha Long city. 5 Rehabilitate, upgrade landscape 100 100 x 1 1, 4 174 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance of Bai Chay tourist area. B Technical infrastructure projects 1 Hung Thang tourist 250 250 x x 2 1.2 infrastructure 2 Yen Cu-Dai Dan urban 250 250 x x 3 1.2 infrastructure 3 Don Dien eco-tourist 250 2007- 250 x x 2 1.2 infrastructure 2015 4 Bai Chay tourist infrastructure 250 250 250 x x 1 1.2 5 Hon Gai international tourist port 800 800 x x 1 1.2 6 Sea road around Bai Tho 60 60 x x 1 1.2 mountain 7 Lan Be - Pilar 8 sea road 150 150 x x 1 1.2 8 Project of identifying some stop 40 40 x x 2 1.2 stations at tourist routes along national road 18, road 4 B and sea roads. C Projects of tourist trade C1 Visisting and entertainment areas 1 Entertainment areas at Tuan 500 500 x 2 1,2,3,4 Chau island 2 Ha Long ecologic museum 960 960 x 1 1,2,3,4 3 Cua Van fishing village 50 50 x x x 1 1,2,3,4 175 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 4 Tourist floating village on Bo 50 50 x x x 3 1,2,3,4 Hon island 5 Eco-culture area of Yen Lap lake 500 250 250 x x x 2 1,2,3,4 (including Loi Am pagoda) 6 Bai Tho cultural - historical 25 12 13 x x 2 1,2,3,4 mountain 7 Ha Lam coal museum 30 x x 1 1,2,3,4 8 Ha Long Aquarium 100 50 50 x x x 2 1,2,3,4 9 Lom Bo ecologic area 50 50 x x x 2 1,2,3,4 10 Sea food market in Ha Long bay 20 20 x x 1 1,2,3,4 12 Project of construction of sight 10 10 x x x 2 1,2,3,4 seeing tower at Quang Ninh Television C2 Recreation area 1 Vuon Dao Hotel II (Ha Long 68 68 x 2 1,2,3,4 tourist company) 2 Tien Long Hotel (Ha Long tourist 14 14 x 2 1,2,3,4 company) 3 Youth Hotel (Provincial union) 99 99 x 2 1,2,3,4 4 Van Hai Hotel II 14 14 x 2 1,2,3,4 5 Coc 3 Sport center 80 80 x x 2 1,2,3,4 C3 Transportation vehicles 1 Canh Ngam Fleets Ha Long - 20 10 10 x x 1 1,2,3 Ngoc Vung - Quan Lan - Cat Ba 2 Visiting services by balloon or 250 125 125 x x 2 1,2,3 176 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance helicopter C4 Products 1 Set up a project of outstanding 25 25 x x 1 1,2,3 products bearing Quang Ninh's character 2 Projects of producing souvenir 25 25 x x 1 1,2,3 gifts, handicraft goods for tourist purposes. D Project of tourist propaganda and advertisement 1 Strategy building project of 30 15 15 x x 1 1,2,3,4 Quang Ninh's tourist propaganda and advertisement 2 Intermediate school of tourist 150 75 75 x x 3 1,2,3 3 Project of setting up a 50 25 25 x x 2 1,2,3 information center of tourist II- Priorities of investment in industrial development Mineral processing and exploitation industry 1.1 Rehabilitation, preservation and 3000 2500 500 X 2 1.2 new construction 1.2 Geographical survey 233 159 74 X X 2 1.2 1.3 Additional geographical surveys 211 143 68 X 2 1.2 Total: 3444 2802 642 Food, agriculture, forestry and aquaculture processing industry 177 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 2.1 Establish joint venture 180 180 X X 2 1,2,3,4 companies in extracting soya bean oil 2.2 Build up 03 abattoirs 1 1 X 2 1,2,3,4 2.3 Build up 03 abattoirs 3 1 2 X 2 1,2,3,4 2.4 Processing and aquatic farming 1500 1500 X X 2 1,2,3,4 facilities(T0DI company) 2.5 Coal storage for sea products 15 15 X X 2 1,2,3,4 and fruits, vegetable (Hong Viet joint venture company) 2.6 Coal storage for sea products 10 10 X X 2 1,2,3,4 and fruits, vegetables (Quang Ninh Joint Stock sea products import and export company) 2.7 Pear manipulating facilities 112 80 32 X 2 1,2,3,4 2.8 02 high-quality beer production 128 112 16 X X 2 1,2,3,4 factories 2.9 Increase capacity of natural 288 240 48 X X 2 1,2,3,4 mineral water facilities 2.10 Canned tea factories 96 80 16 X X 2 1,2,3,4 2.11 Milk products such as (Yogurt, 192 160 32 X X 1 1,2,3,4 fresh milk, ice cream...) Total: 2525 2379 146 Mechanic and metallury industry 3.1 Manufacture anti hydraulic 55 40 15 X 2 1,2,3,4 pillar, metal beam 178 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 3.2 Up grading and provide more 254 254 X 2 1,2,3 equipments for coal mechinery production factory 3.3 Deep investment in geology 8 8 X X 2 1,2,3,4 and mine mechanic 3.4 Removal of Hon Gai mechanic 52 52 X 2 1,2,3,4 factory 3.5 Project of manufacturing 112 80 32 X 2 1,2,3,4 hydraulic products 3.6 Up grading Ha Long ship 544 544 X X 2 1,2,3,4 building factory with its capability of newly build and repair ships of 30,000 tones. 3.7 Projects of enhancement of 297 297 X X 2 1,2,3,4 possibility for ship building with their loading capacity of 53.000T for exporting 3.8 Supporting industrial clusters 100 100 X X 2 1,2,3,4 for ship building such as Hi- quality PVC manufacture plan, inner decoration manufacture plant, Plants of manufacturing insulating bulkheads, soundproof, preserve holds, emergency exit, security equipments 3.9 Removal of coal ship building 780 780 X 2 1,2,3,4 factory, up grading capacity of reparation and new building of water vehicles 179 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Total: 2202 2155 47 Electronic and information industry 3.10 Electronic information system 50 50 X 1 1,2,3,4 for share using 3.11 Provincial center of soft ware 30 30 X 1 1,2,3,4 and integrated data 3.12 Set up electronic commercial 10 10 X 1 1,2,3,4 market of technological scientific workforces, tourism, services market 3.13 Consolidate Informatics 10 10 X 2 1,2,3,4 development company belonging to coal sector 3.14 Assembly line of electronic 150 150 X X 2 1,2,3,4 goods 3.15 Construction and operation of 100 100 X X X 2 1,2,3,4 soft ware park 3.16 Informatics technology 320 320 X X 2 1,2,3,4 installation plant 3.17 Electronic commercial 50 50 X X X 1 1,2,3,4 transaction in trading coal, processed sea products Total: 720 250 470 Building materials manufacture industry 4.1 Projects of building materials 344 121 223 X X 2 1,2,3,4 4.2 Roofing materials 49 26 23 X 2 1,2,3,4 180 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 4.3 Plastic materials 3 2 1 X X 2 1,2,3,4 4.4 Ceramic tile 30 15 15 X 2 1,2,3,4 4.5 Cotto tile 845 395 450 X X 2 1,2,3,4 4.6 Terasone tile 138 55 82.5 X X 2 1,2,3,4 4.7 Concrete 72 36 36 X 2 1,2,3,4 4.8 Security glasses 54 27 27 X X 2 1,2,3,4 4.9 Composite materials 9 6 3 X X 2 1,2,3,4 Total: 1544 683 861 Textile industry 5.1 Newly build a garment export 15 15 X 2 1,2,3,4 plant 5.2 Construction of export paper 18 18 X 2 1,2,3,4 production plant 5.3 Construction of export paper 18 18 X 2 1,2,3,4 production plant Total: 51 18 33 Chemical industry 6.1 Production of explosive 200 100 100 X 2 1,2,3,4 materials in industrial sector Total: 200 100 100 Water supply industry 7.1 Enlargement of water supply 150 150 X 2 1,2,4 system in the western part of Ha Long 181 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 7.2 Enlargement of water supply 268 268 X 2 1,2,4 system in the eastern part of Ha Long - Cai Rong 7.3 Water treatment plant and its 140 140 X 2 1.2 water source exploited from Khe Rua lake with a wel- matched manner 7.4 Water treatment plant and its 537 537 X 2 1.2 water source extracted from Thai Binh river at Pha Lai with comprehensive water supply system Total: 1095 418 677 182 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 3: INFRASTRUCTURE-PRIORITIES OF INFRASTRUCTURE PART A. TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 1. A good infrastructure system will make Ha Long to become a civilized, modern city and contribute to improve life quality of urban areas and residents, of which the poor and low income people are the direct beneficiaries. 2. The competitiveness and attractiveness of Ha Long city will be enhanced by a good urban infrastructure and capital sources that come from the state, local sectors, ODA and FDI are more and more invested in Ha Long city. So that socio-economic is to be developed accordingly and increase social welfare fund in city and the whole province. 3. A good infrastructure system will directly and actively contribute to the protection for living environment of residential community, environment of Ha Long bay, a natural world heritage. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority level Level of demand for 1.high, appropriateness to No capital 2006- 2011- 2016- State Local Activities/investment projects (VND ODA FDI Private 2.Average, 3. development 2010 2015 2020 budget budget Low objectives billion) 1. Transportation 1 Completion of Bai Chay 2.5 2006 x 1 1, 2, 3 bridge ( bridge and road path) 2 Railway to Cai Lan port 50 x 2 2, 3 3 Increase capacity of Cai Lan 2 x x x 2 2, 3 and Sa To port 4 Build up of cement port N.A x x x 1 2, 3 5 Highway from Ha Noi to N.A x x x 3 2, 3 Mong Cai (land road and railway) 183 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 6 Dual railway- H¹ Long N.A x x x 2 2, 3 7 By pass 80 x 1 1, 3 8 Inner road N.A x x x x 2 1, 3 9 Bus arrangement in city area x x 1 1, 3 10 Inter bus stations N.A x x 2 1, 2 11 Transport coal by conveyor N.A x x x x 2 1, 4 belt and tube system 2. Power supply 1 Lang Bang Thermal 9.165 x x x 1 2 Electricity Plant 2 Rehabilitate the power N.A x x x 2 1, 2 network 3. Water supply 1 Increase capacity of the 100 x x x x 1 1, 3, 4 current water plants 2 Build new water plants 300 x x x x x 2 1, 3, 4 3 Rehabilitate the water N.A x x x x x x 2 1, 3, 4 network 4. Treatment of domestic and industry wastes water 1 Sewer network and treatment 400 x x x 1 1, 3, 4 station funded by Denmark and WB 184 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 2 Build new treatment stations 1,100* x x x x x 1 1, 3, 4 and sewer network 5. Collection and treatment of wastes, solid wastes from domestic and industry activities 1 More equipment of vans 150* x x x x x 1 1, 4 carrying wastes and other equipments for Urban environment company 2 Build Wastes treatment plant N.A x x x x 2 1, 3, 4 (make them into compost or incinerate them) 3 Provide more treatment 20* x x x 1 1, 4 equipments for public facilities (incinerator for hospitals) Note: * 1999 JICA estimates 185 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance B: SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE: CULTURE, SOCIETY, HEALTH, EDUCATION 1. Well develop social service sectors, ensure 100% of residents getting access to national electricity network, clean water, health care, education, culture, sport and others. 2. Activities of culture, information and sport need to aim at basic objectives such as new human building with civilized living style cultural family. Build up an equal and civilized society, limitation of social evils at lowest level, assurement of healthy living environment, creation of comprehensive development for citizens not only material but also spiritual aspect. Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority level Level of demand for 1.high, appropriateness to No Activities/investment 2006- 2011- 2016- State Local capital (VND 2.Average, 3. development ODA FDI Private projects billion) 2010 2015 2020 budget budget Low objectives 1 Ha Long culture and eco- 300 100 100 100 x 3 2 tourism urban area 2 Ha Long Entertainment 50 10 20 20 x 3 2 park and out door sport area. 3 Water park 1.5 0.5 1 0 x 2 2 4 International hospital 7 3 4 0 x 1 1 5 Ben Doan Hotel 3 3 0 0 x 1 2 6 Eco-tourism area in Hon 80 20 30 30 x 3 2 Gac Island 7 Recreation area in Ha 15 5 10 0 x 2 2 Long bay 8 Tourism vocational training 2 1 1 0 x 2 1 school 186 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 9 Newly build 4 schools and 16 6 6 4 x x x 1 1 rehabilitate and improve 47 others 10 Newly build 5 dispensaries 0.7 0.5 0.2 0 x x 1 1 and rehabilitate 4 others. 11 Newly build 17 markets at 1.9 0.9 1 0 x x 1 1 towns and rehabilitate 3 others. 2 Ben Doan Hotel 48 48 0 0 x 1 2 3 Newly build 4 schools and 256 96 96 64 x x x 1 1 rehabilitate and improve 47 others 4 Newly build 5 dispensaries 11.2 3,2 3,2 0 x x 1 1 and rehabilitate 4 others. 5 Newly build 17 markets at 30.4 16 16 0 x x 1 1 towns and rehabilitate 3 others. Notes: exchange rate: US$1=VND16,000 187 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 4: THEME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 1. Protection of healthy environment for residential community; 2. Protection of Ha Long bay environment, a natural world heritage, as committed between Viet Nam Government and; 3. Sustainable exploitation of Ha Long natural world heritage for relaxing and tourist purposes; 4. Implementation of sustainable socio-economic development, Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority demand level Level of appropriateness No for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- State Local 1.high, to development Activities/investment projects (VND ODA FDI Private 2.Average, 2010 2015 2020 budget budget objectives billion) 3. Low A. Ha Long urban environment management 1 Treatment of water wastes from coal 35* x x 1 1, 2, 4 mines 2 Rehabilitation of land field in the 55* x x 1 1, 2 Southern part of Deo Nai (to be continued) 3 Plant trees at day-coal areas have 25* x x x x x 2 1, 2 stopped exploiting 4 Rehabilitation of mangrove forest 16* x x 2 1, 2 5 Rehabilitation of river valleys 200* x x x x x x 1 1, 2 6 Establishment of urban environment N.A x x 2 1, 2 inspector groups. B. Management and protection of 188 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance Ha Long bay's environment 1 Management of sea encroachment for N.A x x x 1 1, 2, 3 construction 2 Rearrangement of stop stations on N.A x x 1 2, 3 bay 3 More investment for inspection works N.A x x x 1 2 of Ha Long bay's environment and focus on stop stations of oil and coal ships. 4 Increase investment for collecting N.A x 1 2, 3 tourist wastes on bay. 5 Policy making for fishing villages on N.A x x 2 2, 3 bay tends to resettle residents out of the center of Ha Long bay. 6 Increase further investment for N.A x x x x x 1 2 environmental monitoring works of Ha Long bay 189 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 5: URBAN POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT 1. Objective of poverty reduction 1.1. In 2015, percentage of poor households will be below 0.5, the number of very poor household will be zero; 1.2. Increase income, stabilize and improve the living standard for poor households; 1.3. Limit the increase of the gap of income and living standard between urban and rural areas, lowland and mountainous areas, rich households and poor households; 1.4. Improve living standard of people in especially difficult situation and vulnerable groups; 1.5. Investment will be concentrated in infrastructure for wards with high number of poor households namely Ha Khanh, Ha Trung, Tuan Chau; 1.6. Subsidies are more and more sufficient in term of social services 2. Objective of job creation: 2.1. Decrease unemployment rate, increase working time in suburban wards/communes; 2.2. Stabilize the number of employed labor, increase social labor productivity; 2.2. Stabilize the number of employed labor, increase social labor productivity; 2.3. Support and assist poor households to develop production, business and services; 2.4. Creat jobs, increase income, subsidies and social services; 2.5. Improve the quality of labor, meeting the needs of human resources for economic sectors, industrialization and modernization; 2.6. Create a good investment climate to provide employment opportunities Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority Level of demand level State appropriateness No for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- Local 1.high, to development Activities/investment projects (VND budge ODA FDI Private 2.Average 2010 2015 2020 budget objectives billion) t , 3. Low 1 Project of vocational training support, 135 40 45 50 x x x 1 1.2 ;2.1 ; 2.2 ; vocational training is associated with employment 2 Project of improving operation 1.6 500 500 600 x x x 3 2.1 capability of employment recommendation center 190 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 3 Project of loan providing for labor 3.7 1 1.2 1.5 x x x x 3 2.2 export 4 Program of prioritized credit for poor 520 150 170 200 x x x 1 2.6 ; 2.1 ; 2.3 households 5 Project of supporting land for 7.5 2 2.5 3 x x 3 2.6 production 6 Program of stimulation of Agriculture - 1.9 500 600 800 x x x 2 2.3 ; 2.3 Forestry and Aquaculture 7 Project of health care support 10.8 3 3.8 4 x x x 2 2.4 ;1.2 8 Project of education support 12.9 4 4.3 4.6 x x x 2 2.4 ;1.2 9 Project of investment in essential 165 50 55 60 x x x x 1 1.3 ; 1.2 ; 2.4 ; infrastructure, and support in housing, electricity, water supply and roads... 10 Program of capacity building of 750 200 250 300 x x x 2 1.2 ; 2.3 ; officials working in poverty alleviation 11 Program of information dissemination 1.4 400 450 550 x x x x 3 1.3 on poverty alleviation Total: 860.55 651.2 733.15 874.8 191 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance THEME 6: URBAN GOVERNANCE 1. Transparency and efficiency in the implementation of administrative procedures to attract investors and creating revenues 2. Improvement of urban authorities' capacity in land management and infrastructure development 3. Enhance urban management capacity and integrate city administrative units with the participation of residents and social organizations in environmental protection 4. Complete environment management institutions 5. Transparency and efficiency in financial management toward autonomy and sustainable finance model Industry/Sectors Total Periods Capital source Priority Level of demand level State appropriateness No for capital 2006- 2011- 2016- Local 1.high, to development Activities/investment projects (VND budge ODA FDI Private 2.Average 2010 2015 2020 budget objectives billion) t , 3. Low 1 Set up data base of land management x x x x x 1 system (LMS) 2 Project of Statistic of labor force and x x x x x x 1 labor market information system building 3 Improvement of management capacity x x 1 of land officers at commune and ward level 4 Improve management capacity to x x 1 operate infrastructure network at city level 1 and 2 5 Raise monitoring role in environmental x x x x x 1 matters at community level 192 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 6 Strenthen legal documment relating to x x 1 land, construction and investment 7 Set up an electronic governance (at x x x x x x 1 city and commune level) 8 Apply admisnistrative management x x x 2 process by ISO standard for levels of Depts, agencies… 193 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance APPENDIX 4 CONSULTATION WITH AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS 194 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 1. MEETINGS HELD AT NATIONAL LEVEL DURING 1ST MISSION No Organizations Consultation with Implementation date 1. The World Bank Dr. Dang Duc Cuong, Project March 20, 2006 Manager 2. Ministry of Construction Mr. Tran Ngoc Chinh, Vice March 21, 2006 Minister of MOC 3. Viet Nam Urban Association Prof. Dr.Nguyen Lan, March 21, 2006 General Secretary, Mr.Nguyen Ninh Thuc Vice General Secretary, Mrs.Vu Thi Vinh, Vice General Secretary 4. Swiss Development Co-operation in Mr. Dao Minh Chau, Chief March 21, 2006 VN (SDC), Sponsor of CDS in Nam representative of SDC Dinh, Dong Hoi 5. Tourism research Institute-General Dr. Le Trong Binh, Director March 30, 2006 Dept of Tourism General 6. Institute of Development Strategy, Dr.Nguyen Ba An, Vice March 31, 2006 MPI Director 7. The World Bank Dr. Dang Duc Cuong, Project April 12, 2006 Manager 8. Ministry of Construction (MOC) Deputy Minister Mr. Tran April 13, 2006 Ngoc Chinh of MOC 9. CDS for Nam Dinh Mr. Henry Sharpe, Advisor April 13, 2006 Urban Planning 10. The World Bank Dr. Dang Duc Cuong, Project May 09, 2006 Manager 11. The World Bank Dr. Dang Duc Cuong, Project June 12, 2006 Manager 12. Dept of Architecture and Planning- Mrs Phan My Linh, Director June 27, 2006 MOC 13. Dept of Architecture and Planning- Mrs Phan My Linh, Director July 05, 2006 MOC 14. The World Bank Dr. Dang Duc Cuong, Project August 28, 2006 Manager 15. Dept of Architecture and Planning- Mrs Phan My Linh, Director September 05, MOC 2006 16. Ministry of Construction (MOC) Deputy Minister Mr. Tran Sep 29, 2006 Ngoc Chinh of MOC 195 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 17. The World Bank Dr. Dang Duc Cuong, Project Sep 29, 2006 Manager 18. The World Bank Dr. Dang Duc Cuong, Project 06-4-2007 Manager 2.1. HA LONG CITY (3/2006 – 4/2007) Implementation No ORGANIZATIONS Notes date Phase 1 – Collection of documents and working in consultation with stakeholders 1 People’s Committee of Ha Long City (PC March 23, 2006 Kick-off of Ha Long) 2 People’s Committee of Quang Ninh March 24, 2006 Vice Chairman of Province (PC of Quang Ninh) Province 3 CDS project Management Board March 28, 2006 Belong to PC of Ha Long City 4 Urban management Bureau March 28, 2006 Belong to PC of Ha Long City 5 Economic Bureau March 28, 2006 Belong to PC of Ha Long City 6 Natural resource & Environment Bureau March 28, 2006 Belong to PC of Ha Long City 7 Home affair Bureau March 28, 2006 Belong to PC of Ha Long City 8 Dept of Planning & Investment (DPI) March 29, 2006 9 Dept of Construction (DOC) March 29, 2006 10 Dept of labor & social welfare March 29, 2006 11 Dept of Natural resources & Environment March 29, 2006 12 Project Management Unit (PMU) of March 29, 2006 Belong to DPI Industrial Zones & Foreign Investment 13 Bureaus, Units & Chairmen of PC of Ward March 30, 2006 Report on Ha Long City and Ha Long Plan 14 Urban Management Bureau April 26, 2006 15 Natural Resource & Environment Bureau April 26, 2006 16 Finance Bureau April 26, 2006 17 DPI April 26, 2006 18 Statistics Directorate April 27, 2006 196 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 19 Urban Environment Company April 27, 2006 20 PMU of Water Drainage & Environment of April 27, 2006 Ha Long City 21 PMU of CDS Ha Long City April 27, 2006 22 Dept of Finance April 28, 2006 23 Dept of Education & Training April 29, 2006 24 Dept of Health April 29, 2006 25 Water Supply Company April 29, 2006 26 Dept of Industry April 28, 2006 27 Ha Long Electricity Branch April 28, 2006 28 Dept of Natural Resources & Environment April 29, 2006 29 Consultation with stake holds 30 City Father Land April 26, 2006 31 Viet Nam Women’s Union April 26, 2006 32 Farmer’s Association April 26, 2006 33 Women’s Union April 26, 2006 34 Veteran Association April 26, 2006 35 Red Cross Association April 26, 2006 36 Children, Family & Population Committee April 26, 2006 37 People’s Committee of Bach Dang Ward April 26, 2006 38 People’s Committee of Hong Hai Ward April 27, 2006 39 People’s Committee of T.Hung Dao Ward April 27, 2006 40 People’s Committee of Cao Thang Ward April 27, 2006 41 People’s Committee of Yet Kieu Ward April 27, 2006 42 People’s Committee of Hong Ha Ward April 27, 2006 43 People’s Committee of Cao Xanh Ward April 27, 2006 44 People’s Committee of Ha Khanh Ward April 27, 2006 45 People’s Committee of Tuan Chau Ward April 28, 2006 46 People’s Committee of Tuan Chau Ward April 28, 2006 47 People’s Committee of Hung Thang Ward April 28, 2006 48 People’s Committee of Hong Gai Ward April 28, 2006 Phase 2 – Workshop organization 1 49 50 PMU of CDS for Ha Long 51 April 28, 52 Mr.Nguyen Van 2006 Tuan, Chairman of City 197 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 53 People’s Council of City June 29, 2006 Mrs.Vu Thị Tho, Vice Chairman 54 Viet Nam Coal, Mineral Industries Group June 29, 2006 Deputy Director (VINACOMIN) General Vu Manh Hung 55 Chamber of Trade and Industry in Quang June 29, 2006 Ninh 56 Management board of Ha Long Bay June 29, 2006 57 Quang Ninh Architects’ Association June 29, 2006 Dang Xuan Dinh, Chairman of board 58 People’s Committee of Ha Trung Ward & June 30, 2006 Chairman of PC of poor households in Ward Ward 59 People’s Committee of Ha Khanh Ward & June 30, 2006 Nguyen Thanh Son, poor households in Ward Chairman of PC of Ward 60 Depts, Sectors, Bureaus, divisions of — July 04, 2006 Nguyen Quang Hung, Workshop in Ha Long City Deputy Chairman of Province & Nguyen Van Tuan, Chairman of Ha Long City Phase 3 – Consultation with leaders of Depts. and Ha Long City about Themes 61 PMU of CDS Ha Long City Sept 25, 2006 Nguyen Van Tuan, Chairman of Ha Long City 62 PMU of Water Drainage and Environment Sept 25, 2006 (DANIDA) 63 Urban Environment Company Sept 25, 2006 64 Quang Ninh Water Drainage & Supply Sept 25, 2006 Company 65 Dept of Labor & Social Welfare Sept 26, 2006 66 Dept of Construction Sept 26, 2006 67 Women’s Union of Quang Ninh Province Sept 26, 2006 68 Quang Ninh Dept of Statistics Sept 26, 2006 69 PC of Ha Long City Sept 26, 2006 70 Urban management Bureau of Ha Long Sept 26, 2006 City 71 Home Affair Bureau Sept 26, 2006 72 Finance & Planning Bureau Sept 26, 2006 73 Women’s Union of City Sept 26, 2006 74 Dept of Natural Resources & Environment Sept 26, 2006 198 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 75 Dept of Transportation Sept 26, 2006 76 Quang Ninh Dept of Tourism Sept 26, 2006 77 Quang Ninh Dept of Trade Sept 26, 2006 78 Economic Bureau of Ha Long City Sept 26, 2006 79 Trade&Tourism Bureau of Ha Long City Sept 26, 2006 80 Natural Resources & Environment Bureau Sept 26, 2006 of Ha Long City 81 PMU of Buildings of Ha Long City Sept 26, 2006 82 Office of PC of Ha Long City Sept 26, 2006 83 Quang Ninh Dept of Finance Sept 27, 2006 84 Quang Ninh Dept of Tax Sept 27, 2006 85 Ha Long Finance Bureau Sept 27, 2006 86 Industrial Joint Stock, Ha Long City Sept 27, 2006 Company 87 Huong Lan Service Joint Stock Company, Sept 27, 2006 Ha Long City 88 PC of Quang Ninh Province Sept 27, 2006 Nguyen Quang Hung, Deputy Chairman of Province 89 PC of Ha Long City & People’s Council of Sept 28, 2006 Leaders of PC of City & Ha Long City City People’s council Phase 4 - Workshop organization 2 9 Workshop in Ha Long Feb 09, 2007 Depts., units, sectors of Quang Ninh Province; Bureaus and Divisions of Ha Long City, Wards; Ha Long; City Committee of the Party; People’s council of Ha Long City. 199 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 2.2. CAN THO CITY (4/2006 – 4/2007) No Consultation with Date Notes Phase 1 – Collect documents and work in consultation with stakeholders 1 Dept of Planning & Investment April 03, 2006 2 PC of Can Tho City, Project Steering April 04, 2006 Chairman of PC of Committee of City City 3 Leaders of PC of Wards and April 04, 2006 Communes under Can Tho City 4 Institute of Architecture & Planning- April 04, 2006 Dept of Construction 5 Dept of Construction April 04, 2006 6 PMU of processing & Industry zones April 04, 2006 7 Statistics Directorate April 04, 2006 8 Dept of Natural Resouces & April 05, 2006 environment 9 Dept of Industry April 05, 2006 10 Dept of science & technology April 05, 2006 11 Father Land April 05, 2006 12 Women’s Union April 05, 2006 13 Dept of Labor & Social Welfare April 06, 2006 14 Dept of Health April 06, 2006 15 Dept of Education April 06, 2006 16 Dept of Tourism April 07, 2006 17 Dept of Trade April 07, 2006 18 Dept of Agriculture & Rural April 07, 2006 Development 19 Dept of Transportation & Public April 07, 2006 Works 20 PC of City April 07, 2006 2nd Meeting; received by Vice Chairman of City Phase 2 - Workshop organization 1 21 PMU of Can Tho June 19, 2006 Mr. Nguyen Van Tien 22 PMU of The Can Tho Southern Urban June 19, Area 2006 200 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 23 Can Tho University June 19, 2006 24 Institute of Architecture & Planning - June 20, 2006 Mr. Tran Van An MOC 25 Can Tho Architects’Association June 20, 2006 Mr. Tran Kieu Dinh 26 Can Tho Farmer’s Association June 19, 2006 Mr. Ho Hoang Dieu, Vice Chairman 27 City People’s Council June 20, 2006 Mr.Le Van Phuoc, Chairman 28 Consultation with poor people at PC June 21, 2006 Meting Women, Young of Thoi Long Ward people, Elder people at PC of Ward 29 PC of Trung Hung Ward June 21, 2006 Mrs. Nguyen Thi Le 30 Depts., Authorities of City at June 23, 2006 Hosted by Phan Thanh Workshop Son, Vice Chairman of CT City Phase 3 – Work in Consultation with Authorities of Depts., units and leader of City about themes 31 PMU of The Can Tho southern urban Sept 13, Held at PC of Can Tho area 2006 City 32 Water Drainage and Supply Sept 13, 2006 Held at PC of Can Tho Company City 33 Can Tho Environment Company Sept 13, 2006 Held at PC of Can Tho City 34 Dept of Construction Sept 13, 2006 Held at PC of Can Tho City 35 Dept of Planning and Investment Sept 13, 2006 Held at PC of Can Tho City 36 Dept of Natural Resources & Sept 13, 2006 Held at PC of Can Tho Environment City 37 Dept of Tourism & Trade Sept 13, 2006 Meting officers involved of PC of Can Tho City 38 Dept of Transportation Sept 13, 2006 Meting officers involved of PC of Can Tho City 39 Can Tho PMU of Industrial Zone Sept 13, 2006 Meting officers involved of PC of Can Tho City 40 Dept of Labor & Social Welfare Sept 14, 2006 Meting officers involved of PC of Can Tho City 41 Statistics Directorate Sept 14, 2006 Meting officers involved of PC of Can Tho City 42 Can Tho Women’s Union Sept 14, 2006 Meting officers involved 201 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance of PC of Can Tho City 43 Dept of Finance Sept 14, 2006 Meting officers involved of PC of Can Tho City 44 PC of Wards under City Sept 15, 2006 Meting officers involved of PC of Can Tho City 45 Leaders of PC of Can Tho City Sept 15, 2006 Phase 4 – Workshop organization 2 46 Final Workshop at Can Tho City Feb 01, 2007 Depts., Units, PC of Wards under Can Tho City 202 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance APPENDIX 5 DOCUMENTS/REFERENCE OF HA LONG 1. Socio – Economic Master plan for Quang Ninh Province 2. Report on Socio – Economic situation in the 5 year term 2000-2005 of Quang Ninh Province (Resolution of the Congress of Quang Ninh Party Committee) 3. Statistics on population and labor (classified by economic sectors) of individual precinct or commune of the city from 1995 to date 4. Programs and projects in hunger eradication and poverty alleviation for the City and the Province 5. Housing development program of the City 6. Documents, maps and plans for economic sectors (industry, tourism, commerce, service, agriculture-forestry…) 7. Cadastral maps scaled 1/5.000 for individual precincts 8. Report on the investment situation in the 2000-2005 term and investment plan in the 2006-2010 term of the City 9. Budget estimation for the year 2006 of the City 10. Budget balance in the years 2004 and 2005 of the City 11. Decision on stabilizing the budget decentralization of the Province Committee in the 2004-2006 term 12. Progress Report on Sanitation and Environment Project (DANIDA) 13. Report on current status of Ha long Environment 14. Proposal list of project funded by Government budget 15. Implemented projects funded by government budget 16. Annual report of Ha Long city Women Union 17. Proposal for implementing policy on socializing education for period 2006 - 2010 18. Annual Report of Ha Long Red Cross 2005 19. Annual report on family planning and childcare in 2005 and orientation to 2010 20. Statistical year book of Quang Ninh province, 2005 21. Statistical year book of Ha Long city, 2005 22. Document record of sustainable development workshop, UNDP, 2006 23. Construction Master plan for Ha Long city until 2020 24. Socio-economic Master plan for Ha Long city by 2010 25. National socio-economic plan in the period 2005-2010 26. The primary tendency of socio-economic development for the northern economic focus region until 2010 and vision toward 2020 27. Viet Nam urban transition, 2001, Michael Douglass 28. Socio-economic development strategy until 2001-2010, Report of central committee of communist party at the VIII congress. 29. Proposals on recognizing Ha Long city to become the 2nd class, 2002, people’s committee of Ha Long city. 203 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank City Development Strategies (CDS) for Medium-Size Cities in Vietnam: Can Tho and Ha Long financed by Cities Alliance 30. Urban Governance Index, Conceptual Foundation and Field Test Report, 2004 Global Campaign on Urban Governance Global Urban Observatory 31. Supplementary project of policy and mechanism by Decision No 202/2002/QD-UB dated Jan 14, 2002 of Quang Ninh province people committee (Draft) 32. Political report written by central committee of city communist party at the XXI congress have been submitted to the XXII qualified members congress (Term of 2005-2010), document established in 2005 33. JICA study on environmental management for Ha Long, established in 1999 34. Land use plan until 2010 and 2005 for Ha Long city and Quang Ninh province 35. Tourism development plan for Ha Long city in the period 2001-2010 36. Major tendency of socio-economic development for the northern economic focus region until 2010 and vision toward 2020 in the Decision No 145/2004/QD-TTg dated Aug 13, 2004 by the Prime Minister of the Government. 37. The five year plan of socio- economic development in 2005-2020 (CEDP, 2006) 38. Guide to City Development Strategies Improving Urban Performance, City without slums, The City Alliance 2006 39. Socio-economic Master plan for Ha Long city by 2010 – Decision No 4278/2002/QD-UB dated Nov 25 2002 by people’s committee of Quang Ninh province 40. The five year plan of socio-economic development dated Dec 31 2004 of Ha Long city people’s committee 41. Decision No 4626/2004/QD-UB dated 20 December 2004 of Quang Ninh Provincial People’s Committee "Re: supplementing and amending some contents of budget regulatory percentage at different levels – Estimated expenditure allocation norms – Budget management mechanism in 2005" 42. Balance documents of city budget in 2004 43. Decision No 18/2004/QD-UB dated 2 January 2004 of Quang Ninh Provincial People’s Committee " Re: allocation of budget regulatory percentage at different levels within Quang Ninh province in 2004� 204 Prepared by National Institute for Urban and Rural Planning (NIURP) under Vietnam Ministry of Construction with techinal advisor of World Bank