E2842 v2 Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Company Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company HELWAN SOUTH 3x650MWe GAS-FIRED STEAM POWER PROJECT Environmental and Social Impact Assessment FI NAL REPORT Volume-I May 2011 Project 1573 Submitted by: Engineering Consultants Group (ECG) Bldg. 2, Block 10, El-Safarat District Nasr City 11765, Cairo, Egypt. P.O.Box: 1167. Cairo 11511, Egypt. ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP ~~..ID l:..~':-V Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Company Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company HELWAN SOUTH 3 X 650 MWe GAS-FIRED STEAM POWER PROJECT Environmental and Social Impact Assessment FINAL REPORT Volume -I May 2011 Project No. 1573 Prepared by: Engineering Consultants Group (ECG) Bldg. 2, Block 10, EI-Safarat District Nasr City 1176S, Cairo, Egypt P.O.Box: 1167. Cairo llSll, Egypt HELWAN SOUTH 3 X 650 MWe GAS-FIRED STEAM POWER PROJECT Environmental and Social 2 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6C:.A,,;':;__~~~~\J' Impact Assessment Final Report CONTENTS Volume-I: The Main Report 1. INTRODUCTION 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 Permits Required to Construct and Operate the Power Plant 2.2 Relevant Environmental Policy, Legal and Administrative Issues 2.3 Requirement for an EIA 2.4 Egyptian Requirements for the Scope of the EIA 2.5 Regional Development Planning 2.6 International and National Environmental Standardsl GUidelines 3. . ANALYSIS OF AL TERNATlVES 3.1 Current Srtuation ("No Action" Option) 3..2 Alternative Technologies and Fuels 3.3 Alternative Designs of the Power Plant 3.4 Alternative Sites 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT AND THE EXISTING FACILITY 4.1 Project Infrastructure 4.2 Design of the Helwan South Power Plant 4.3 Process Description 4.4 Operational Releases to the Environment 4.5 Operational Management and Staffing 4.6 Operational Environmental Health and Safety 4.7 Construction Activities and Program 4.8 Description of the Existing Power Plant 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 51 General Setting of the Site 5.2 Soils, Geology, Hydrogeology, Topography and Seismicity 5.3 Climate and Meteorology 5.4 Ambient Air Quality 5.5 Aquatic Environment 5.6 Aquatic Ecology 5.7 Flora and Fauna 5.8 Ambient Noise 5.9 Land Use and Landscape Character 3 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv'\;.'i.../...dl~~;sr\..f. 5.10 Traffic and Transport 5.11 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Heritage 5.12 Socio-Economic Environment 6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6.1 Environmental Impact Process 6.2 Air Quality 6.3 Aquatic Environment 6.4 Noise and Vibration 6.5 Flora and Fauna 6.6 land Use, landscape and Visual Impact 6.7 Soils, Geology and Hydrogeology 6.8 Traffic 6.9 Socia-Economic Effects 6.10 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Heritage 6.11 Natural bisaster Risk 6.12 Major Accident Hazards 6.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 6.14 Public Health 6.15 Occupational Health and Safety Issues 6.16 Associated Infrastructure t. MITIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mitigation Measures During Design and Construction 7.3 Mitigation Measures During Operation 7.4 Compensation For Affected Parties 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) 8.1 Objectives of the Plan 8.2 Environmental Management 8.3 Schedule and Costs for Preparation and Implementation of EHS Plans 8.4 Baseline Monitoring of the Pre-Construction Environment 8.5 Monitoring of Impacts During Power Plant Operation 9. CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 9.1 Introduction and General Approach 9.2 ConsuHation Methodology 9.3 Phase I Consultation 9.4 Phase II Consultation and Disclosure 9.5 Ongoing Facility For Public Consultation and Disclosure REFERENCES Volume-II (A) Executive Summary (English Version) 4 ENGINEERL~G CONSULTANTS GROUP ci.w'\..;.!J.l1!l~~C'-sr\f.. Volume- II (B) Executive Summary (Arabic Version) Volume-III Annexes. including Public Consultation Activities Volume-IV Quantitative Risk Assessment Separate Volume on: Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) (Attached Separately) 5 1. INTRODUCTION Engineering Consultants Group (ECG), a private consulting firm (Egypt) was commissioned by the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) / Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company (UEEPC) to prepare the technical documents and procedures required by the World Bank Group (WB), the AfDB and other Development Banks concerning the Environmental and Social Assessment of the Helwan South Power Project. EEHC is seeking financial assistance from the WB for the construction and operation of this 3x650 MWe. dual fuel supercritical steam power plant. The proposed plant is deSignated as a Category A project under WB rules. a Category 1 project under AfDB rules and a Category C project under the Egyptian environmental regulations and therefore requires a full Environmental Impact Assessment. Financing from WB, the AfDB and other Development Banks is condijional upon obtaining the environmental clearance from both the Egyptian regulatory authorities and the International & Regional Banks, i.e. the WB, the AfDB & other Development Banks. 1.1 BACKGROUND 1.1.1 The Power Plant Upper Egypt Electricijy Production Company (UEEPC), a company incorporated in Egypt and affiliated to the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) proposes to construct and operate a new thermal power plant at a selected site south of Helwan Governorate. which is along the Nile River and about 10km south of the village of Kureimat in the Dayr EI­ Maymoun area. The site is within an existing piece of land allocated to the Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company (UEEPC) by Presidential Decree No. 43 of 2010 issued on 14 February 2010 for the development ofthe power plant. The overall proposed site area is approximately 378.000 m'. The proposed power plant will consist of three supercritical thermal steam units, with a nominal electricity generating capacity of 650 megawatts (MWe) each. which will be known as Helwan South Power Plant. The overall generating capacity of the power plant will be 1950 MWe. The power plant is intended to be operational by the end of the year 2014. The power output from the proposed plant will be sold to the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC). The power plant will utilize natural gas as its primary fuel, and also have the capability to operate using mazout (heavy fuel oil). The ability to "dual-fuel" the power plant (with natural gas or mazout) will provide security of electriCity supply in the event that gas supplies are unavailable for any reason. In addition, emergency generators. for the plant safe shut down, operating on sollar 011 (light fuel oil) will also be provided on-site to drive key items of equipment within the power plant in the event of a power supply failure, and sollar oil will also be able to be used, if required, to operate the auxiliary boiler during start-up. 1.1.2 The Proposed Site The Helwan South site is located within a bare sandy area of uncultivated land. It is entirely situated on approximately more than 37 hectare rectangle- shaped piece of land located in a rural/desert area approximately 10 km south of the village of Kureimat, in the ex-Helwan Governorate (this part was back to Giza Governorates after political events of 11 February 2011) on the east bank of the Nile river. The site of the new Helwan South 1950 MWe power plant facility is an area of about 276,000 m' within the existed allocated site. The site loous is" approximately 100 km south of Cairo and 23 km north of Beni-sueif. Two physiographic zones occupy this area: a floodplain adjacent to the Nile, and a rocky desert plateau east of 6 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &,,\;)../...u:J b;./ ~.;.srv. the floodplain. The site of the existing land is 450 meters wide and has ail average length of 800 meters; in all the· site encompasses 378,000 square meters. On the north side of the site is the Kureimat Power Complex (2x600 MWe+ 2x750 MWe), at around 7.5 km and the Kureimat village (about 10 km) and the Helwan South irrigation pumping station (about 9 km). The site is about 700 m south of the Dayr al-maymoun village. On both of the south and the east sides of the site is a wide-extended desert land. On the east side, and across the power plant site is a two-lane road running paralle to the Nile river. On the western side of the site is an agricultural stripland parallel to the Nile river where the power plant's cooling water intake and discharge structures will be located. The nearest town of importance is Es-saff, Markaz Es-saff, about 38 km along the road in the north direction. Towns of importance in the wide vicinity of the power plant site are Atfieh, Giza, Helwan, Imbaba, 15th of May, Beni-Suweif and EI-Wasta. The site entirely consists of approximately flat land, which is owned by the Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company (UEEPC). The site of the proposed power plant is shown on Figure 1-1. 1,1.3 Power Generation The proposed power plant consists of three gas/oil-fired supercritical units designed for a rated capacity of 650 MWe net output each. The boiler contained within this unit is designed for dual firing using natural gas as primary fuel and heavy fuel oil (mazout) as backup. Continuous running time with heavy fuel oil will not exceed 7 days per annum and for non continuous operation, running time will not exceed 170 hours per year. In any event, heavy fuel oil will only be used if natural gas is unavailable. The ability to have dual fuel processing secures the supply of electricity from the plant, in the event that gas supplies are, for any reason, unavailable. 1.1.4 Fuel Supply Natural gas will be delivered to the power plant via a new underground pipeline. The pipeline will be constructed by GASCo to provide gas requirements and link the plant with the gas network system in Egypt. The emergency fuel oil-mazout-will be delivered to the power plant from Musturod or Helwan oil refineries by trucks and stored on site in storage tanks, with a capacity of 45,000m'. Also sollar, required as a light fuel for use in the auxiliary boiler, will be delivered to the power plant from oil refineries by road trucks. On-site storage will be provided for sollar in a smaller tank. These tanks shall be located in the designed part of the proposed site. 1.1.5 Water Supply and Cooling The power plant will incorporate a direct (once through) cooling system using water abstracted from the River Nile. The abstracted water will also be used, following pre­ treatment demineralization, to provide process water make-up in the boiler system. Potable water supplies will be drawn from th.e same water supply system of the power plant. The main demand for water is due to the direct cooling system. The use of a direct cooling system maximizes the electrical efficiency of the power plant and, after use, virtually all of the water will be returned to the River Nile at a slightly elevated temperature compared to the 7 abstraction. No evaporative cooling towers are required, hence there is no opportunity for water drift or the formation of visible plumes of water vapor or ground fogging. Nile water will be used as non-contact cooling water and for process water following demineralization. Nile water will be pumped through an intake pipeline buried under the bankline whilst heated cooling water will be returned to the Nile via a discharge pipeline. Potable Water Connection Potable water supply to the power plant will mainly be obtained as a byproduct of water treatment facility within the power plant itself. Process water will be abstracted from the River Nile for power plant usage and supplied via demineralization facilities for boiler make-up and other processes. Part of this treated water is further purified, disinfected and processed for human uses, mainly as potable water. The other alternative for supplying potable water to the power plant is the potable water network of the Kureimat area. This network distributes water after treatment, purification and disinfection to domestic uses, including potable water. But this alternative needs a new pipeline to be extended for more than 10km to reach the power plant. Therefore the first alternative is the most appropriate one. The power plant will cover, also, potable water needs of the surrounding area. At any cases, the power plant produces its demand of potable water via its own water treatment system. No potable water pipelines are envisaged to be extended particularly for the power plant. Wastewater Treatment A wastewater treatment facility on the site will treat liquid wastes and produce an effluent suitable for discharge into the plantation irrigation system. All oil waste effluents will be collected into a separate network and sent to an oil separator, then will be sold to an Petroleum Company. 1.1.6 Electricity Supply and Transmission The electricity generated by the proposed Helwan SOl"h power plant will be exported by the EETC electricity network, via the transmission syst· .,. double circuit 500 kV lines. To evacuate the power generated from Helwan South PCL er plant it is planned to interconnect the Helwan South to the 500kV network as follows: • Construct 500 kV OHT.L double circuit SHPP(') 5001 Minya East 500(proposed) with length of about 200 km. • Construct 500 kV O.H.T.L double circuit SHPP 5001 Bader 500 (under constriction) with length of about 150 km. 1.1.7 Access Roads As part of the development of the power plant, there is an access road already running along the proposed site from Cairo to Beni-Suweif through Kureimat and Dayr EI-Maymoun, which is connected to the main road network all over Egypt. 8 (') SHPP • South Helwan Power Plant. 9 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~ :;'sflJ. ~\;..:i.../.ID b;/ Figure 1-1 Location of the Proposed Site • 7 10 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W~~~:;srv. 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT 1.2.1 Egyptian Requirement for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) The "Guidelines for Egyptian Environmental Impact Assessment" published by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) specifY that a " ... thermal power plant falls within the category C projects" (previously: Category of "Black list Projects") which, due to their potential and substantial environmental impacts, must submit a full EIA to the competent administrative authority (EEHC) and the licensing Authority (the Governorate of Helwan and the EEAA) in order to obtain permission for development. According to these requirements, UEEPC submitted their "He/wan South Project 3x650 MWe Supercritical Steam Power Plant at He/wan- Arab Republic of Egypt ESIA" to the designated competent administrative authorlly (EEHC) by the end of May. 1.2.2 This ESIA Report This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report (ESIA report) was prepared by Engineering Consultants Group (ECG) based on information provided by the project company and information contained In many baseline studies outsourced by UEEPC/EEHC and implemented by specialized consultants I consuHing firms. It presents the findings of an assessment of the likely environmental and social im pacts associated with the construction and operation of the new power plant and associated cooling water infrastructure. The ESIA report has been prepared to accompany the applications for consents from the Egyptian Government and local authorities to construct and operate the power plant. Also. the World Bank Group statutes and regulations require the World Bank to follow. prescribed environmental procedures when involved with international assistance projects. For this, the ESIA report has been prepared to accompany the application for financing too. 1.2.3 Scope of the ESIA This ESIA covers the main areas that might be affected by the construction and operation of the proposed power plant. Specifically. this includes studying environment and social impacts due to and on: • The power plant site, i.e. area within the perimeters of the proposed site; • Areas immediately bordering and in the vicinity of the proposed site (i.e. surrounding environment and the community); • Aquatic ecosystems that might be affected (i.e. water supply river, including ground water); • Transmission lines; • Gas pipelines; and • Any other areas that might be affected by the proposed project. 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 WORLD BANK (WB) REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EIA The World Bank follows a policy, which stipulates that all operations it support are carried out in an environmentally responsible manner and that projects must comply with all local environmental laws and procedures plus appropriate World Bank guidelines or, if these have not been specifically developed, IFC guidelines. The World Bank sets out its procedures and policies w~h regard to conducting environmental assessments in Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment (October 1991) and its updates (1999, 2008) and other pertinent Guidelines. Annex E of the Policy identifies the II ENGINEERING CONS{)LTA."ITS GROUP W'\;..)J""~b;/~.:;.sr\f. process by which the level of investigation required in the environmental assessment is ce'ermined, It provides an illustrative list of Category "A" developments which require a full EIA and ir ~1\Jdes thermal and hydro power projects, Accordingly, if World Bank funding is sought, a full EIA for the power plant following World Bank guidelines must be conducted and submttted to the World Bank for consideration as part of any application for funding, 2.1.1 World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies provide 10 potential issues that may need to be considered in an EA, depending on the specific characteristics of each project. Table 2-1 summarizes the expected triggerability of the potential Safeguard Policies for the Helwan South Power Plant Project. The Safeguard Policies identified as "triggerable" are those which may be triggered and thus considered "Requiring Management", When the detailed design of the Helwan South Power Plant has been determined, the UEEPC should prepare project-specific plans to manage these potential impacts, No safeguard policies were triggered except for the Environmental Impact Assessment. Table 2-1 shows potential World Bank environmental Safeguard Policies and Helwan South project triggerability, The table justifies the triggerability or lack thereof for WB Safeguard Policies. Annex B to Operational Policy 4.01 provides an outline of the information that should be included in a full EA. This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment follows the scope of Annex B. 12 2.1.2. World Bank (WB) Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines The proposed steam power plant is designated as a Category A project by the WB which means that a full EIA of the plant is required. WB policy and guidelines have been used for the assessment of impacts in this ESIA report. The World Bank's new guidelines of December 2008 for the thermal power generation that outlines emission and discharge standards provides with maximum atmospheric emission guidelines for new source in both cases of gas and oil firing (Table 2-5 below). The World Bank's Poilution Prevention and Abatement Handbook-Part III (July 1998), also provides with principles of industrial pollution management, monitoring and air emission & effluent discharge requirements presented in the industry Guidelines including Guidelines for New Thermal Power Plants. The following World Bank publications have been used for guidance in this ESIA: • Guidelines for carrying out environmental and social studies of the project. • Guidance Note A: Checklist for potential issues for an Environmental Impact Study (EIS). • Guidance Note B: Content of the Environmental Impact Study. • Guidance Note C: Preparing and Updating Environmental Management and Mitigation Plan (EMP). • Guidance Note F: Preparing the Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan. Guidance Note B (Content of an Environmental Impact Assessment) in the World Bank's Procedure for Environmental and Social Review of Projects (December 1998) -and its updates- summarises the scope of the EIA as follows: "An environmental impact assessment report for a Category A project identifies and assesses the potential environmental and social impacts of the projects. evaluates alternatives. and recommends appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures. The report's scope and level of detail should be commensurate with the project's potential Impacts". World Bank sector-specific guidelines for thermal power plants present maximum emission levels for thermal power plants and cover issues such as liquid effluents. ambient and workplace air quality, stack emissions, ambient and workplace noise, solid and liquid wastes, general health and safety, and general environmental requirements. The guidelines emphasise the use of cleaner fuels wherever economically feasible and focus on the operational performance of controls as well as their design standards. 2,1.3 Public Consultation Process Public consuHation and disclosure for the Helwan South power project, as presented in Section 9 of this report, has been designed in accordance with World Bank policy and guidelines shown below: • Guidance for the Preparation of a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (January 1996); 13 ENGINEERlNG CONSULTANTS GROUP dtv\;.J..../.,.U)(;r.;./~~V • World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information (1997); • Doing Better Business Through Effective Public Consultation and Disclosure, A Good Practice Manual (IFC, October 1998); • Procedure for Environmental and Social Review of Projects (December 1998); and • Public Consultation in the EA Process: A Strategic Approach. World Bank Sourcebook Update, May 1999. Under the public consultation process required for Category A projects, the Project sponsor is required to consult with the public at least twice; once during preparation of the Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA (Scoping), and also after the draft EIA has been prepared and submitted for public open review. The World Bank requires that a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) be prepared, setting out the basis of consultation activities during and after the EIA, together with a schedule for the disclosure of information. The PCDP for this prOject is included in Chapter 9 of this report. Other international banks and financing institutions, particularly AfDB, also follow a similar approach and use the World Bank guidelines as a benchmark for the environmental assessment of international power projects prior to provision of finance. Hence, an EIA of similar scope is likely to be required to obtain commercial funding for the power plant from international institutions. \4 ENGTh'EERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &t~0;/~.;:sr\.f. Table 2·1 Potential World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies and the New Helwan South Power Project Trlggerabllity No. Safeguard Applicability Policy Policy to Helwan Triggered? Justification South Project 1, Environmental Ve. Ves • This pOliCy applies to all projects requiring a Category A Assessment Environmental Assessment Under OP 4,01, • AI! environmental and Sodal aspects included in the New Helwan South prOject are adequately examined, • New Helwan South project is not likely 10 have significant potential (reverse) environmental risks & impacts in its area of influence (impacts on the natural enl/ironment air, water & land; human health & safety: physical cultural resources; and transboundary and global environment concerns). 2, Forest 3, Involuntary No Ves No Ves · • No forest areas exist. This poliCY applies to all projects 1riggering OP 4 12 Resettlement • No relocation or loss of shelters, · • No loss of assets or access to assets. No loss of inCOme sources or means of Irvelihood. • AI! aclJvities related 10 the construction of the new plant will take place within on UEEPC land either on the site or on land directly adjacent to Ihe site. Le, no land acquisition. Not even temporal)' acquisition will resul1 from the construclJon. • Experif!nce from a number of similar power plants along the banklines ot the Nile waters has shown that the rmpactB on fiSherieS of the discharge of warm water Into the Nile waters have been positive. Consu!tatiOns with the fIShermen support this assentor!' Impacts will be positive rather than negative, i.e. no loss of liVelihood. • Transmission lines which will evacuate power generated by the Hetwan South power plant wll! be e~ended as follows: o Construct 500 kV O.H.T.L double clfCuit SHPP 5001 Minya East 500{prOpOsed} with length of aoout 200km. o Construct 500 kV O.H.T.L double clfCuit SHPP 5001 Bader 500 {under constriction) with length of aboul 150 km. Most of new transmission lines will be exlended in a bare uncultivated, uninhabited, state owned deser1 land, No land take or resettlement will be associated to the power interconnecting lines. • A Resettlement PoliCy Framework (RPF) is prepared in order to handle any potential future changes, • Gas pipelines will be burled underground wi1h no land take and fair compensation to any losses during excavation and land filling processes. • A separate RPF is prepared by GASCo In order 10 handle any potential future Changes (GASCa has also prepared separate ESIA for the gas pipelines), 15 ENGINEERING CONSULTA.."I'TS GROUP ~.;.:xv. &.r~~ b;-/ Table 2-1 (Contd.) Potential World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies and the New Helwan South Power Project Triggerability Applicability No. Safeguard Policy to Helwan Triggered? Justification Policy South Project 4. Indigenous No No • The project does not affect the indigenous peoples in the Peoples project area. 5. Safety of Dams No No • The project does not involve construction of a large dam. • The project is not dependent upon an existing dam. 6. Pest No No • Procurement of pesticides or pesticide application management equipment is not envisaged. • The project will not affect pest management in any way. 'hysical Cultural No No • Physical cultural resources are adequately examined. Resources • The Helwan South project is no: likely to have any significant impact on physical cultural resources. 8. Natural Habitats No No • Natural Habitats are adequately addressed and examined. • The Helwan South project is not likely to have any significant impacts on natural habitats. 9. Projects in No No • The UEEPC/EEHC is not involved in any disputes over an Disputed Areas area with any of its neighbors. • The project is not situated in a disputed area. • Any component lik.ely to be financed as part of the project is not situated in a disputed area. 10. ProjeCts on Ves Ves The impact of the project on the Nile River, which is an Intemational intemational waterway. as per the Bank.'s pOlicy on projects on Waterways intemational waterways (Operational Policy 7.50) is addressed in the following topics: • Type of cooling system. · Source of water abstraction (surlace water and ground water). · Pre-treatment of abstracted water before use inside the plant. · Water requirement per day for - (i) industrial cooling; (ii) processing or cleaning; and (iii) for domestic consumptIOn by facility staff. · Water discharge per day from - (i) cooling/heating system. blow downs; (ii) storm water; and (iii) from use in tOilets; floor cleaning, colony etc. · Point of discharge of water from power plant - into the water body. directly • Amount of discharged water from power plant . (i) , untreated directly into water body and (ii) treated directly into the Nile River, • Average seasonal flow of water in the river water cum/hr (seasonal variation - minimum and maximum), , · Average characteristics of water in the river (pH, total dissolved solids; suspended solids; chloride; sulfate and L metals). Table 2-1 (Contd.) Potential World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies and the New Helwan South Power Project Triggerability 16 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~:-srv. &,r'\.;.AJ...u,I) (;r.;./ Applicability No. Safeguard Policy to Helwan Triggered? Justification Pol.icy South Project • Average anlicipated characteristics of discharge from (i) cooling system and (ii) from colony and non­ industrial/process facility. • Infonnation on mixing zones at the point. • Infonnation about presence of fishes and other aquatic species in the Nile River including fish catch etc • Distinguishment between the consumptive use of water (abstracted water that is not returned back to the source of abstraction) and non-consumptive use (abstracted water thai is returned back to the source of abstraction. Main answers of the above topics are given in the ESIA Report per One Unit as follows: Service wate~'I: 30.0m 3 /hr (11.11 % consumed(2 1= 3.34 m 3/hr and 88.89% recycled P ! = 26.67 mJ/hr) Boiler make - up water: 31.25 mJ/hr (totally recycled) Cooling water: 82.800 m 3/hr (0.07% consumed = 57.96 mJ/hr and 99.93% recycled = 82,742.04 mJ/hr) Total water usage: 82,861.25 ml/hr (consumed = 61.295 mJ/hr, recycled = 82.799.955 mJ/hr) Cooling water abstracted from the Nile River (23m 3/sec. per unit. i.e. 82,800 ml/hr.) is retumed totally back to it. Actual water consumption is around 0.07% of the abstracted water. No disturbance to the Nile flow is expected either upstream or downstream. Hydrological/hydraulic study is carried out and the study revealed that no impact is expected and the mixing zone is limited to 50-70m distance with 5°C above ambient, which is diluted to 3°C at a distance between 100 and 150 m with full compliance with Egyptian Law 4811.982 and WB regulations. All waste water is treated. Water treated directly into waternody: 120-220 ml/hr. MWRI is in full agreement with EEHC regarding its plan for water abstraction. Average seasonal flow of water in the Nile River is as follows: • Minimum flow (Winter time): 60 million m3/day at a MSL of 21.28m (6.63% of the Nile total). • Dominant flow (Average time): 90 million mJ/day at a MSL of 23.63m (4.42% of the Nile total). • Maximum flow (Summer time): 250 million ml/day at a MSL of 24.36m (1.59% of the Nile total). Notes. (1) MSel\lice Water" includes water for utilities (toilets; floor cleaning; sanitary) (2) Consumpllon "" pr1:!dominanlly consumptive use (3) Recycling'" pr1:!dominantly non-consumptive use; returned to the original source. 17 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.;.!.J..u!l b;/ ~.;.srv. 2.2 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EIA The African Development Bank follows a policy which stipulates that "at the identification phase, the screening exercise focuses on the environmental and social dimensions of a project to categorize it in one of four categories". "Category 1 projects are those that are likely to have the most severe environmental and social impacts and require a full ESIA", which includes thermal and hydro power plants. ANNEX 7 of the Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures (ESAP) for AfDB's Public Sector Operations, published in June 2001, .states that "the projects assigned to Category 1 require a full Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), including the preparation of an ESIA Report and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). These project may also be improved by carrying out complementary studies that are not specifically required under ESAP, such as detailed gender analyses or institutional analyses. The need for such complementary studies shall be determined on a project-by-project basis during the preparation phase". The African Development Bank sets out its procedures and policies with regard to conducting environmental assessment in a series of Policy and Guidelines documentation, out of them most importantly, the follOWing documents: • African Development Bank Group's Policy on the Environment (February 2004). • Integrated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Guidelines (October 2003). • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Procedures (ESAP) for AIDB's Puplic Sector Operations (June 2001). • Assessment Guidelines - Energy (March 1997). • Handbook on Stakeholder Participation (2201). • Disclosure of Information Policy (2004). • Environmental Assessment Guideline on Renewable and Non-renewable Energy (March 1997). • Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (2003 2.3 EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK IEIB) REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EIA The European Investment Bank (EIB) supports EU environmental policy. Its approach is based on the environmental principles' enshrined in the Treaty establishing the European Community and the standards and practices incorporated in European Union (EU) secondary legislation on the environment. Beyond the EU-27 and the Candidate and potential Candidate countries!I), the enVironmental standards of the Bank are also subject to local conditions. EU environmental principles, practices and standards are described and explained in a large body of EU law and other offiCial documents, notably the 6'" Environmental Action Program (6EAP)!2) and its Thematic Strategies!»), as well as - for activities outside the EU - by the (1) Definitions as at June 2007: Candidate: Croatia, Turkey. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM); potentia. Candidate: other Western Balkan countries (1) "Environment 2010: Our future, OUf Choice~ - Tile Sixth Environmental Action Program, COM/2001/0031. (2) There are 1 approved Thematic Sfrategie$, for air, wa$te, marine, $oil, peSticJdes. resource use and the urban environment Link !'l.tUU/~c.eurooa euienvironmMtln~prQ/index.htm. 18 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP w'\.;:..'iJ"~b;/~.;:srv. mandates of the Bank. The Board of Directors approved the latest Bank environmental policy in the "Environmental Statement 2004" (the Environmental Statement). The same principles, practices and standards are the foundation for the "European Principles for the Environment" (EPE)(4) The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the term used to describe a formalised process, including public consultation, in which all the relevant environmental consequences of a project are identified and assessed before authorisation is given. In the EU, if an EIA is required. the EIA is governed by EIA Directive 85/337/EEC, amended by Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC. The Environmental Impact Study is the written report resulting from the EIA process. This is a document or documents containing the Environmental Information required under Article 5 of Dinictive 85/337/EEC as amended by Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC. Also, The EIB applies a number of core environmental and social safeguard measures that reflect international good practice to all its lending activities. It requires that ali its projects: • Apply the European Principles for the Environment, Le. comply with EU environmental principles, standards and practices, subject to local conditions in some regions(5 1. • Comply with the EU environmental AcquHs on environmental assessment. • Apply "best available techniques", as appropriate. • Apply good environmental management practices during project implementation and operation . • • Adhere to other specific international good environmental and social practices, The EIB requires that all projects (irrespective of location) likely to have a significant effect on the environment be subject to an EIA, according to the definitions and requirements of Directive 85/337/EEC, amended by Directive 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC Annex I of the Directive lists the types of project for which an EIA is mandatory and Annex II the types of project for which the need to carry out an EIA is decided by the Competent Authorities, The EIA, which includes public consultation, is the responsibility of the Promoter and the Competent Authorities. It should be completed and its findings and recommendations should satisfy the requirements of the Bank prior to disbursement. In ali other regions, all projects should comply with national law; and benchmarked against the principles, standards and practices of EU environmentallaw14. All projects should also comply with the obligations of relevant mu~ilateral environmental agreements to which the host country - and the EU in the case of a Member State - is a party. The Promoter is responsible for legal compliance whereas regulatory and enforcement tasks lie with the Competent Authorities. The project Promoter is required to respect the requirements of the EU EIA Directive 85/337/EEC, amended by Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/E. (3) link to the ~European Principles. for the Environment-, www.eib.orgleoe. (4) The regional coverage of the European PrinCiples for' the Environment concerns at least the respective regions o,f operatiOns of each sjgnalory instllulion. For projects lOcated in the Member States of the EU, the European Economic Area countnes, the EU Candidate and potentia! Candidate counines, ,he EU approach, whiCh is defined in the EC Treaty and the relevanl secondary legislation, IS the logical, uncontested and mandalory reference. The projects in this region should also comply with any Obligation and standards upheld in relevant Multilateral Environmental Agreements, suCh as COOl/ention on Biological Diversity, the Espoo Convention" Unfted Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, etc. In all other countries, projects financed by the signatories st!ould comply with the appropriate EU environmental prinCipleS. practlces and standards, subject to local conditions. suet! as affordability, local environmental conditions, intemational good practice etc. 19 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~\.;:.!J~ (;,~,;.sr\f. According to the sector, projects should comply with the relevant EU legal standards, for instance those of the Large Combustion Plant Directive(6) in the power generation sector and the Integrated Prevention Pollution and Control Directive(7) in the industry sector. All projects listed in Annex I of the EIA Directive 85/3371EEC, amended by Directives 971111EC and 20031351EC are Categorized (A) and require Full EtA. Category A Project is defined as " a PrOject Completion Report will be required from the Promoter to the Bank. Monitoring for these projects is in general delegated to promoters and the Bank will rely on the Promoter's information for its own reporting on environmental matters". Annex t of the EU EtA Directive 85/3371EEC amended by 97111IEC stipulates that thermal power stations and other combustion installations with a heat output of 300 megawatts or more are of Category (A), which need Full EIA. The EIB Bank aims in its Environmental Assessment of projects outside the EU to promote public consultation and participation, according to EU standards, through appropriate discussions with the Promoter and other parties. Consultation is defined as a tool for managing culturally appropriate two-way communications between project sponsors and the public. Its goal is to improve decisionmaking and build understanding, by actively involving individuals, groups, and organizations with a stake in the project. This involvement increases a project's long-term viability and enhances its benefits to locally affected people and other stakeholders. EIB policy towards EIA is summarised in its Environmental' Statement 2004. The Bank applies the principles and practices of the EU EIA Directive (851337, amended by 97111 and by 2003/351EC to incorporate the provisions of the Aarhus Convention, and since its introduction in July 2004, the NILE Directive (2001142) - to all its regions of operation. The EIA Directive includes screening criteria, for purposes of determining the need for an EIA. According to the EU EIA Directive, it is the responsibility of the host country and its Competent Authorities to ensure that the "public concerned" arE ;nformed and consulted on the proposed project (Articles 6 and 9). Bank staff as part of the 'nvironmental assessment check that these requirements have been fulfilled. Their findi, 3 are contained in the PJ Appraisal Report (Environmental Assessment D1) submitted to the CD. 2,4 APPLICABLE LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF EGYPT 2,4,1 Egyptian Requirements for an EIA The development of a new power plant can only commence if a permit has been granted by the appropriate Competent Administrative Authority (CM). Egyptian Law 4 of 1994, and its amending Law 9 of 2009, Law.for the Environment (hereafter referred to as Law 411994) stipulates that applications for a license from an individual: company, organization or authority, subject to certain conditions, require an assessment of the likely environmental impacts. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEM) is the authority responsible for determining the type of development that requires an enllironmental appraisal and the level of detail at which the study should be conducted. The EEM publication "Guidelines for Egyptian EnVironmental Impact Assessment" stipulate that ....... thermal power plant falls . '. (1} link to Large Combustion Plant Directive: tmP:lfeuropa.eu/scadlllil.$lfgg/en/lvblI28028.h1r'n. (2) link to Integrated Prevention Pollution and Control Dtn-:dlve: htlp:l!ec.europs,eu/envlrooment/ippc!. htto·//ec europa.eu/eovlronmenyeial. 20 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dtv~~~:.sr\!. within the category of "C Listed Projects", This category requires a full EIA to be submitted to the Competent Administrative Authority (CAA) (Le, the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) for this type of projects) or the Licensing Authority (which, for such type of project in the designated area, is the Helwan Governorate) in support of any application for a permit to develop a power plant}, The EIA must analyze the impacts and specify what mitigation measures (if any) are necessary in order to minimize them, Since the proposed power plant has a nominal generating capacity of 1300MWe, a full EIA must be prepared and submitted to the Helwan Governorate and EEHC for consideration prior to development of the plant. The Governorate is, also, required to forward the EIA to the EEAA for review in order to obtain the environmental permit for the development of the power plant. The EEAA must provide the EEHC (the Competent Administrative Authority) with its opinion concerning the assessment within 30 days of its receipt. The EEHC will then communicate this result to the owner of the power plant, Le, UEEPC, and will then be responsible for verifying and implementing the EEAA's proposals requirements. The owner has 30 days to appeal the result of the assessment. This ESIA Report was prepared in line with the Agency's Guidelines for Egyptian Environmentallmpect Assessment. The construction of electrical transmiSSion lines and pipelines (of less than 50km length) on local levels, are considered to be "List B Project" according to the Guidelines for Egyptian Environmental Impact Assessment. For these developments, Egyptian regulations require the proponent to submit a Screening Form, possibly followed by a scoped EIA on certain identified impacts, to the relevant Competent Authority, which in this case is the EEHC and Ministry of Petroleum respectively. However, when such an infrastructure is associated with a "C Listed Project", it should be considered as part and parcel of the full EIA study report if it is addressed during the study (see associated infrastructure-Section 6,16). In this regard, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is prepared in order to handle any potential future changes (see Volume IV). 2.4.2 Permits Required to Construct and Operate the Power Plant The key Egyptian, permits required and obtained by UEEPC for the construction and operation of the proposed power plant are set out in Table 2·2, These permits set out and regulate the standards to which the power plant must be designed, constructed and operated. In addition, a number of subsidiary permits will be required related to the connection to, and use of, existing services and infrastructure, including the following: • Electricity Supply Permit (if required) (North Upper Egypt Electricity Distribution Company (NUEEDC), Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC), Ministry of Electricity & Energy); • Connection to Gas Pipeline, Utilization of Gas Supply and Alternative Fuel Storage Permit (Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) and Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC), Ministry of Petroleum); • Water Supply Permit (Helwan South Water Authority); • Roadside Occupation (or Construction) Permit (General Authority for Roads and Bridges, Ministry of Transport); • Transport of Special Loads Permit (Central Administration for Executing and Maintaining Roads and Bridges, Ministry of Transport); • Communications Network Permit (Helwan South Telephone Authority, Egyptian Company for Communications, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology); 21 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv'\..::..i...../..ID ~ ~'\.I.' ~ • Carrier (Portable) Communication Devices Permit (Helwan South Telephone Authority, Egyptian Company for Communications, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology). The status of these permits today is that aI/ these pennits are procedural and straightforward to be obtained. Table 2-2 Key Permits Required for the Construction and Operation of the Power Plant Permit Permitting Authority Relevant Legislation Role of Permit Status I Construction Permit (for establishing a Regulatory Body : Presidential Decree of the : Authorization to i (Secured] : , Arab Republic of Egypt, No. ! construct the power planl project) 32611997, to Establish the ' power plant Regulatory Body for Electric I project' Utility and Consumer Protection Construction Permit , , , Markaz Atfieh, I Law 101 (1996), "Law for ! Authorization to ' [Secured] (for Buildings) l He!wan Governorate Buildings" : construct the i power plant bUIldings E.nvironmental Egyptian Law 4 (1994), "Lew for the Authorization of [to be . Permit Environmental Affairs Environment" amended by the environmental obtained]" ) Agency (EEAA), Lew 9 (2009). effects of Ministry of State for deve!opment and Environmental Affairs operation of the i in conjunction with power plant I the Helwan ! Governorate and Egyptian Electricity I i Holding Company (EEHC) i I Water Abstraction and Discharge Egyptian General Authority for Shore I Law 4 (1994). :Law for the , Environment" amended by i Authorization to : construct and I [to be : obtainedt') Permit Protection, Ministry of : Law 9 (2009) and Law 12 ; operate the i Water Resources and (1984), "Law for Irrigation ' abstraction of , Irrigation (MWRI) in i and Drainage" cooling water and i conjunction with the discharge of i ! EEAA , effluent Stack Construction Armed Forces Defense Regulations Authorization to i (to be Permit Operations Authority, construct a slack .obtained]") Ministry of Defense Aviation Regulations : with respects to and Civil Aviation ; military and Authority, Ministry of I aviation Transport , ' conSiderations Operating Permit Regulatory Body Presidential Decree of the Arab Republic of Egypt. No, I Authorization to , produce electricity [Secured] 32611997. 10 Establish the Regulatory Body for Electric i Utility and Consumer i Protection , Notes: (1) For these permits to be obtained, communications with the permitting agencies have been initiated, 22 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6v~~~.;..sr\l. 2.4.3 Relevant Environmental Policy, Legal and Administrative Issues The environmental policy, legal and administrative framework which is relevant to the permitting of the power plant comprises the following: • Requirement to conduct an ESIA to accompany the development of the power plant. • Regional development planning, which must be addressed in the development of the power plant. in particular: land use planning and control; siting; protection of environmentally sensitive areas; protection of endangered species; and Integrated Coastal Zone Management. • Environmental standards which must be considered in the design, layout, construction and operation of the power plant, including: atmospheric emissions; generation and disposal of liquid effluents, including cooling water; generation and disposal of solid wastes; ambient environmental quality; and health and safety. Each of these aspects is reviewed in the following sections. In each case, both Egyptian and World Bank standards and guidelines are considered, to reflect the relevant national reqUirements and those which may be expected from intemational financial institutions. 2.4.4 Regional Development Planning The guidelines for EIA produced by the EEAA specity that the power plant should demonstrate compliance with national, regional and local development plans with respect to the following key aspects: • Land use planning and control in a new industrial zone, and surrounding developments; • Siting; • Protection of environmentally sensitive areas; and • Protection of endangered species. The proposed site lies on land zoned for the development of power generation facilities by the UEEPCIEEHC within the Helwan South development area. The Site of the proposed power plant lies within the area covered by the Urgent Development Plan (UDP) of the Helwan Zone, which was developed by the Ministry of Development, New Communities, Housing and Public Utilities for land use planning and control (see Figure 2-1). This Plan is currently being implemented and its key policies and land use zoning relevant to the proposed site are summarized in Table 2-3. According to consideration for this UDP, designated Helwan South area (was back to Giza Governorate after 11 Feb. 2011) has been assigned as an Industrial Domain. This identification has been adhered to the Helwan area since the establishment of the Kureimat power plant complex, Table 2-3 Key Policies and Land Use Zoning in the Urgent Development Plan-Helwan Governorate Area, Update 2009 23 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP /II 600 Gas Oil , tOOMwth MW'th I5 ) Ml>O.jI', : DA" "OA OA "OA OA - Nitrogen Oxides (NO.) 300 300 240 240 400 200 400 200 Sulfur dioxide (SO.) , N/A(B) 3,600 NI NI 1,SOO!9! 400 200­ 850:' 200 A A Particulate Matter (PM) N/A 150 NI NI 50 30 50 30 A A i Suspended ashes Sources in urban areas or near i N/A 250 - - - - - - residential areas (11) N/A 500 - - - - - - Sources far from inhabited ! urban areas (12) , : Carbon monoxide (CO) i 250 500 Notes. (1) The Egyptian regulations lor fuel burning sources (law 4. Article 42) do not specifically state whether emission limits r:efer to emission under standard or actual flow conditions. For consistency with other standards it has been assumed that the limits refer to standard ftow conditions" (2) World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines: Thermal Power Plants; December 19, 200B. (3) World Bank guidelines should be achieved tor 95% of the operating time of a plant. (4) Values taken at 3% dry gas excess 02 contltnt and for 100% k»ld" (5) MWth= Megawatt thermal input on HHV basis. (6) NDA= Non-degraded airshed. (7) DA= Degraded airshed (poor air quality): Airshed shoukt be oonsidered as being degraded if nationally legislated air quality standards are exceeded or, io theIr absence, if WHO Air Quality Guidelines are exceeded slgnificaolly. (8) NlA= Not Applicable. (9} Targeting the tower gukielines values aod recognizing issues related to quatity of available fuel, cost effectiveness 01 controls on smaller units, and the potential for higher energy conversion efficiencies (FGD may consume between 0.5% Dod 1.6% of elec1ricity generated by the ptaol), (10) TargelJng the lower guit1eUnes values and recogofllng vanability in approaches to the managemeot of S02 emissions {fuel quality vs_ use of secondary controls) and the potential for higher energy conversion efficiencies CFGD may consume between 0.5% and 1.6% of electricity generated by the plant), Larger plants are expected to have additional emission control measures. SelectIOn of the emission level in the range is to be determined by EA considelil'lg the project's sustalnability, development impact. and cost-benefit of the pollution control performance (11) law 4, Article 42 states that emissions of suspended ashes in uf'ban I residential areas should nol exceed Ringlemann Chart 1, whiCh Article 42 states is equivalent to an emission concentration of 250 mg/m). (12) Law 4, Article 42 states that emissions of suspended ashes far from inhabited areas should not exceed Ringlemann Chari 2, which Article 42 states is equivalent to an emission concentration of 500 mg/m'. 30 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.:..J..../..u!l~~:;.sr\.f. Egyptian Law 411994 and Law 912009 also apply specific conditions to the burning of fuels in power plants, as follows: • Fuel I air mixtures and the combustion process should provide full burning of the fuel. • The use of mazout and heavy oil is prohibited in residential areas, • The sulfur content of fuels is restricted to equal or less than 1,5% in or near urban and residential areas, The use of high sulfur content fuels is permissible in regions far from inhabited urban areas provided that suitable atmospheric factors are present and adequate distances are observed to prevent these gases from reaching residential and agricultural areas and watercourses, • Emissions of carbon dioxide should be through stacks of sufficient height to ensure that the gases are dispersed before reaching ground level, • Stack height should reflect the volumetric flow of flue gases, Law 411994 states that for emission rates of 7,000-15,000kglhr the stack height should be between 18-36m, If emission rates exceed 15,000 kglhr, then the stack height should be at least 2,5 times the height of surrounding buildings, World Bank guidelines reinforce the Egyptian requirement of minimum stack heights by requiring plants to use stack heights not less than the Good Engineering Practice") values unless impact analysis has taken into account building down wash effecls. 2,6.3 liquid Effluent Discharges Law 411994 and Law 912009 state that all establishments are prohibited from polluting the marine environment As a result, no permit will be granted for an establishment on, or near, the coastline, Which may result in discharges of polluting substances, Annex 1 of the Executive Regulations of Law 4 and Law 912009 set out the Egyptian standards concerning the concentration of pollutants in effluent discharged to the marine environment. A selection of the standards, relevant to thermal power plants, is shown in Table 2-6, In addition, the table also presents the equivalent WB guidelines, It should be noted that WB guidelines relate to all liquid effluent discharges, not solely to those to the marine environment. (1) US Code of Feder.' Regulations Title 40, Part 51,100, Good Engineering Practice Stack Height = H + 1,5 L where H is the height of nearby structures and lIS the lesser dimension of height or projected width of nearby buildings 31 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROlJP ~'\..:::i...../~ b;-?,>-:l.;sr \.I. Table 2-6 Liquid Effluent Discharoe Guidelines Water Quality Standards and Specifications Mand".ed by the E/1YPtian Laws in Comparison with the World Bank Guidelines (mgr J (s) , LimiUi & Specifications for draining and disposing of certain World Bank Wastewater Parameter substances mandated by Effluent Guidelines (1996) Law 411994 and the Law 912009 in the marine environment Temperature Not more than 10 degrees :3 C increase above , j over existinQ fevel ambient{b pH 6-9 6-9 Color Free of colored agents BIochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 60 . Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (Dichromate) 100 , Total D,ssolved Solids 2000 Fixed (Ash of) Dissolved Solids 1800 Suspended Solids 60 50 Turbidity NTU 50 Sulfides 1 O,ls and Grease 15 10 Hydrocarbons, of oil origin 0.5 Phosphates S Nitrates 40 Phenolates 1 i FI uorides 1 Aluminum 3 Ammonia NitroQen) 3 Mercury Compounds 0.005 Lead 0.5 Cadmium 0.05 ArsenIC 0.05 Chromium. total 1 0.5 Copper 1.5 0.5 Nickel 0.1 0.5 Iron Manganese , 1.5 1.0 Zinc 5 1.0 Silver 0.1 Barium 2 Cobalt 2 Pesticides 0.2 CYanide 0.1 32 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W\..;:..J,./~Z:J;..-/~~v. Table 2·6 (Contd.) Water Quality Standards and Specifications Mandated by the Ep'yptian Laws in Comparison with the World Bank Guidelines (mgr ) la) Limits & Specifications for draining and disposing of World Bank Wastewater certain substances Parameter mandated by Law 411994 Effluent Guidelines (1996) and the Law 912009 in the marine environment Fecal Coliform Count (No in 100ml) 5000 Dissolved Oxygen Organic Nrtrogen Telal Alkalinity Sulphate Synthetic Detergents Phenol Selenium Chemical Oxygen Demad (Permanganate) T atal Heavy Metals - Total Residual Chlorin.(c) 0,2 (ej Total Coliform (MPNI100ml) Odour Tannin + lignin I Carbon derivatives (chloroform) Noles: (a) Unds of mgl ,1 unless otherWIse staled, (b) The effluent should result in a temperature increase of no more than 3 tiC at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place. Where this zone is not defined, use 100 m from the point of discharge when there are no sensitive aquatic ecosystems within this distance (This zone is defined in Egypt wilhin 15()'300 m, according 10 HRI), (c) uChlorine shocking" may be preferable in certain circumstances. which Involves using high chlorine levels for a few seconds rather than a continuous low level release. The maximum value is 2 mgr 1 for up to 2 hours, which must not be more frequent than onca in 24 hours (and the 24 hour average should be 0,2 mgl'\ Further to these guidelines, Law 411994 and Law 9/2009 also apply certain planning conditions for developments along or adjacent to the coaslline: • The location of the exit of the outfall must be at least 500 m frgm the coast • The discharge of effluents into swimming or fishing zones. or natural reserves. is prohibited to ensure that the economic or aesthetic valu'e of the zones or reserves are not compnomised, • Any measures which are likely to cause changes in the natural coastline (enosion, sedimentation. coastal currents and pollution from the projsct or associated works) are restricted, except with the approval of the Competent Administrative Authority, • Any development within 200 m of the coast must gain approval from the Competent Administrative Authority, Drainage of Liquid Wastes (Law no. 39 for 1962) The term "sewage system" shall apply to installations which are prepared for collecting waste liquids from houses, factories, public, communicational & international establishment, and 33 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\;.:i./...u.:l ~~.;.srv other, as well as leaking waters & rains, for the purpose of disposing in a sanitary, after purifying of tham or without purification, Article 7: rules ,"liquid wastes from ' " industrial", may not be drained,,,,, without a license, " Article 8: rules that "liquid wastes which are licensed., " shall adhere to the standards & specification limits, " Article 9: rules that " analysis shall be carried out on specimens of liquid wastes ".,.' by the Ministry of Health "," Article 14: rules that "liquid wastes may not be surface-drained except by virtue of a license from the department in charge of sewerage works, " " Article 18: discussed the penalties for contravention to the provision of articles 3, 4, 13 and 14 (fine not less than 10 pounds), and to articles 6,7,8,9,11 and 12 (fine not less than 50 pounds), Chapter 6(1): Decree M649 for 1962 sets the criteria & specifications that authorize liquid wastes to be drained into public sewers, Parameters are: • Temperature not more than 40·C, • pH value less than 6 not more than 10, • BOD not more than 400 particles per million, • COD not more than 700 particles per million, • Phenol not more than 0.005 particles per million. • Sulphur dioxide not more than 1 particle per million, • Lubricants, oils & resins not more than there 100 particles per million. • Silver, mercury, cadmium, chrome, etc", not more than 10 particles per million (liquid wastes 50m 3/day) or 5 particles per million (liquid wastes exceed 50m'lday) Chapter 6(2): also sets the conditions and criteria that should be fulfilled by liquid wastes drained by surface irrigation or by irrigating cultivable land. In general sewage wastewater may not be disposed of by surface draining method until after obtaining permission from the concerned HeaHh Authority and drained wastes should not be less than primary treated liquids, 2.6.4 Noise EmiSSions and Ambient Noise Levels Law 411994 and Law 912009 stipulate that a developer must ensure that an establishment is compatible with the character of Hs setting, Amongst other issues, this involves limHing the effect of combined noise from all site sources on the surrounding environment to acceptable ambient limits. Guidance levels for ambient noise is dependent upon the land use surrounding the site, and Egyptian ambient noise guidelines are set with respect to five different land use categories, The Egyptian ambient noise guidelines are shown in Table 2-7, together with the related land uses. The World Bank ambient noise guidelines differ from those of the Egyptian Government in that they only differentiate between two land use categories, as presented in Table 2-8, Table 2-7 Egyptian Ambient Noise Limits for Intensity in Different Land Use Zones 34 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.;:.:L/J.0b;-/"~~v (Maximum Limits as per the Law 4/1994 and Law 9/2009, Executive Regulations, Annex 7-Table 2) Daytime (a) Evening (bJ tjlght (0) Receptor detA) dejA) detA) Industrial areas (heavy industries) 70 65 60 Commercial, administrative and "downtown" areas 65 60 55 Residential areas, including some workshops or 60 55 50 commercial businesses or on public roads Residential areas in the city 55 50 45 Residential suburbs having low traffic 50 45 40 Rural residential areas (hospitals and gardens) 45 40 35 Notes: (a) Daytime from 7 am to 6 pm (b) Evening from 6 pm to 10 pm (e) Night-lIme from 10 pm 107 am Table 2-8 WB Ambient Noise Guidelines for Intensity in Different Land Use Zones Maximum Allowable LAeq,1.hour dejA) (a) Receptor Daytime Night-time 07:00 - 22:00 22:00 ­ 07:00 Residential, institutional and educational 55 45 Industrial and commercial 70 70 Note.: (al Noise abatement measures should achieve either Ihe we guidelines or if background levels are already abOve these limits. a maximum increase of baCkground levels of 3 dB (A). Measurements are to be taken at noise receptors outside the project property boundary. 2.6,5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Law 411994 and Law 912009 stipulate that handling of hazardous substances and waste is prohibited unless a perm it has been issued by the competent authority, The handler of wastes must: • possess a permit issued by the appropriate CAA to handle wastes; .' store and dispose of wastes in designated sites agreed with the CAA; • maintain appropriate systems of storage, including packaging and labeling, containers and storage duration; 35 • operate appropriate transportation systems to authorized disposal sites; • maintain a register of all hazardous wastes and disposal methods; and • develop an emergency plan in case of spillages. Further to the Egyptian guidelines, the World Bank requires that the individual! company operating the power plant must ensure that: • all hazardous materials are stored in clearly labeled containers; • storage and handling of hazardous materials is in accordance with national and local regulations appropriate to their hazard characteristics; • fire prevention systems and secondary containment should be provided for storage facilities, where necessary, to prevent fires or the releases of hazardous materials to the environment. 2.6... Occupational Environmental Management and Health and Safety Worlcplace Air Quality, Temperature and Humidity Egyptian regulations. including Labor Law no. 1212003 and its Executive Regulations stipulated by Ministerial Decree no. 21112003, require that the owner of the power plant must ensure that air quality in the workplace is maintained within fixed limits. Accordingly. the owner is obliged to ensure the protection of the work force through implementing heatth and safety measures on-site, including by the choice of plant and equipment. process substances, types of fuels, ventilation of working areas or other air cleaning methods. The World Bank requires that any individual I company managing or operating a power plant must: • conduct periodic monitoring of the workplace air quality with respect to air contaminants relevant to' 'ployees tasks; • maintain ve' ,ation and air contaminant control, and provide protective respiratory and air quality mon'ring equipment; • ensure that protective respiratory equipment is used by employees when levels of welding fumes, solvents and other materials exceed international, national or local accepted standardS. . Egyptian and World Bank threshold limit values for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, Sulfur dioxide and particulate in the workplace are provided in Table 2-9. In addition to air quality, under Law 411994 and Law 912009, the owner of the power plant must also ensure that temperature does not exceed maximum and minimum permissible limits, as set out in Table 2-10. In case of work in temperatures outside these limits, the owner must provide suitable acclimatization to workers andlor protective measures. Table 2-9 Egyptian and WB Air Quality Guidelines in the Worlcplace 36 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6tu~l:J;..../"~;srv. (Maximum Limits as per the Law 4/1994 and Law 9/2009, Executive Regulations, Annex 8) WB Atmospheric Pollutant Egyptian Guidelines la) Guidelines Carbon monoxide 55 mglm' 29 mglm' Nitrogen dioxide 6 mglm' 6 mglm' Sulfur dioxide 5 mglm' 5 mg/m' Particulate ,b) 10 mglm' I 10 mg/m J Notes: (a) Egyptian air quality guidelines in the workplace are determined by exposure time, Readings provided are "mean time~~ the limit to which workers are exposed during a normal wOrking day_ (b) Inert and nuisance dust Table 2-10 Egyptian Maximum Air Temperature Limits (a) (Maximum Limits as per the Law 4/1994 and Law 9/2009, Executive Regulations, Annex 9) Type of Work Low AirFlow High Air Flow Ught 30,OoC 32.2oC Medium 27.SoC 30. 5°C Hard 26.1 oC 29.SoC Notes: (a) In periods of high temperature, workers should be monitored. No worker should work be exposed to heat stress (above 24.SoC for women and above 26.1 °c for men) for more than one continuous hour or one intermittent hour jn every two, without acclimatization. Workplace Noise Law 411994 and Law 912009 and the Labor Law no, 1212003 and their Executive Regulations restrict noise in the workplace to within limits of intensity and exposure time, Egyptian guidelines are shown in the following tables: • Table 2-11 presents occupational noise guidelines with respect to continuous exposure to noise below 90 dB (A); • Table 2-12 presents occupational noise guidelines with respect to permitted exposure periods to continuous noise in excess of 90 dB (A); • Table 2-13 presents occupational noise guidelines with respect to exposure periods to intermittent noise. It has been assumed that these limits apply at worker positions and will be generally free field noise levels, In addition to the Egyptian guidelines, the World Bank guidelines require that the individual! company managing or operating a power plant must ensure that: 37 • Noise in work areas is reduced by using feasible administrative and engineering controls (including sound-insulated equipment and control rooms). • Good maintenance practices to minimize noise productior from plant and equipment. • Personnel use hearing protection equipment when exposed to noise levels above 85 dB (A). Table 2·11 Egyptian Guidelines for Maximum Permissible Limits of Sound Intensity Inside Places of Industrial Activity (Maximum Limits as per the Law 4/1994 and Law 9/2009, Executive Regulations, Annex 7·Table 1) Maximum Allowable Level of Sound Receptor (dB(A)) Work premises w~h up to 8 hour shifts with the 90 aim of limiting noise hazards on hearing(') , Places of work that require hearing signals and 80 good audibility of speech Places of work for the follow up, measuring and adjustment of operations with high performance 65 Notes: (a) For periods extending longer than 8 hours lower noise limits will be defined Table 2-12 Egyptian Guidelines on Periods of Exposure to Noise (Maximum Limits as per the Law 4/1994 and Law 9/2009, Executive Regulations, Annex 7-Table 1, ecntd.) Noise Intensity Period of Exposure per Day (dBCAl) (Hours) > 90-95 I 4 >95-100 2 >100·105 1 >105-110 0.5 >110-115 0.25 Table 2·13 Egyptian Guidelines on Permissible Limits Concerning Intermittent Noisl! Inside the Workplace (Maximum Limits as per the Law 4/1994 and Law 9/2009, Executive Regulations, Annex 7·Table 1, contd.) Noise Intensity I Number of Pennissible Noise Events 38 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~.;:.srv. ~'\.;:.J,J..u:l b;./ (dB(A» I During Normal Working Hours 135 300 130 1,000 125 3,000 120 10,000 115 30,000 Electrical Safety in the Workplace The Egyptian Code of practice for electrical safety in power system, issued by the Egyptian Electricity Authority, as well as the Labor Law no. 1212003 and its regulations, require that any power plant management, and the World Bank requires that any individual/company managing or operating a power plant, must ensure that: • strict procedures are provided and followed for de-energizing and checking electrical equipment before maintenance work; • strict safety procedures are implemented, including constant supervision, when performing maintenance work on energized equipment; • personnel training is provided on revival techniques for electrocution. Working in Confined Spaces The Egyptian Industrial Codes of practice, issued by the Egyptian Industry Authority, as well as the Labor Law no. 1212003 and its regulations, and the World Bank require that the individual I company managing or operating an industrial facility (such as a power plant) must ensure that: • prior to entry and occupancy. all confined spaces must be tested for the presence of toxic, flammable and explosive gas or vapors and lack of oxygen; • adequate ventilation is available in any confined working spaces; • personnel working in confined spaces that may become contaminated or deficient in oxygen are provided with air-supplied respirators; • observers are stationed outside when personnel are working in confined spaces which are likely to become contaminated or to be affected by a shortage of air supply. General Health and Safety The Egyptian concerned laws and regulations mentioned above and the World Bank require that the individual/company managing or operating an industrial facility (such as a power plant) must ensure that: • sanitary facilities are well equipped with supplies and employees should be encouraged to wash frequently, particularly those exposed to dust, chemicals or pathogens; • ventilation systems are provided to control the temperature and humidity of working areas; 39 ENGINEERL'l/G CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.:.:l..../~ ~t> ~\!. • personnel working in high temperatures or humidity are allowed frequent breaks away from these areas; • pre-employment and periodical medical examinations are co' ducled for all personnel and surveillance programs instituted for personnel potentially ex,)osed to toxic or radioactive substances; • personnel are protected by shield guard or guard railings from all belts, pulleys or gears and other moving parts; • elevated platforms, walkways, stairs and ramps are equipped with handrails, toeboardS and non-slip surfaces; • electrical equipment is "earthed", well insulated and conforms with applicable codes: • personnel use special footware, masks and clothing when working in areas with high dust levels or contaminated with hazardous materials: • employees are provided with appropriate protective equipment when working near mo~en or high temperature materials (protective equipment may include, amongst others, non­ slip footwear, safety glasses, etc); • employees wear eye protective measures when working in areas at risk of flying chips or sparks or where bright light is generated; • employees wear protective clothing and goggles in areas where corrosive materials are stored or processed; • appropriate eyewash and showers are installed in areas containing corrosive materials; and • a safety program is implemented and regular drills are conducted, 2.6.7 Personnel Training Law 411994, Law 912009 and Labor Law 1212003 stipulate that operators should be trained when using or handling any hazardous waste materials, In addition, the EEAA Master Plan for Solid & Hazardous Waste Management and the World Bank require that the individual! com pany managing or operating an industrial facility (such as a power plant) must ensure that: • employees are trained on the hazards, precautions, and procedures for the safe storage. handling and use of potentially harmful substances; • training incorporates information from the "Malerial Safety Data Sheets" (MSDSs) for potentially harmful materials; • personnel are trained with regard to environmental health and safety matters. including accident prevention. safe lifting practices. the use of MSDSs. safe chemical handling practices and proper control and maintenance of equipment and facilities, 2.6.8 Monitoring and Record Keeping and Reporting 40 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~:-srV ~'\.:.J,J..u!J &;/ Law 411994 (Articles 17 & 18) and Law 9!2009 require - for industrial facilities - the operator monitors the site in order to optimize performance. Direct measurement of emissions and atmospheric concentrations of pollutants dispursed with the exhaust gas is required. Averaging times for ambient air quality should be based on regular measurements. Law 411994 and Law 912009, also, stipulates that the owner of the power plant should maintain an Environmental Register of written records with respect to the environmental impacts from the establishment. The written records should identify the characteristics of discharges and emissions, details of periodiC testing and its results, procedures of follow-up environmental safety, and the name of the person in charge of follow-up, The owner of the power plant, or its representatives, are responsible for informing the EEAA of any emitted or discharged pollutants deviating from prescribed standards and any appropriate procedures taken to rectify them. Also, the World Bank guidelines require the operator monitors the site in order to optimize performance. Direct measurement of atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter, NOx and S02 and heavy metals in the exhaust emissions is preferable. Averaging times for direct emissions should be based on an hourly rolling average. The World Bank guidance requires ambient air quality to be monitored at least at 3 locations where there is: a) least pollution expected; b) maximum pollution concentration expected; and c) sensitive receptors. The ambient air quality parameters that require monitoring for gas fired plants are NOx. Law 411994 and Law 912009, as well as World Bank guidance, also require the owner! operator to monitor the wastewater discharges. The parameters to be examined and sampling frequency are set out in Table 2-14. Table 2-14 World Bank (0) Requirements for Monitoring Wastewater Discharges Parameter Proposed Monitoring Frequency pH Continuous Temperature Continuous Suspended solids Daily Oil and grease Daily Residual chlorine Daily Heavy metals Monthly Other pollutants Monthly Notes: (a) World Bank: GuidebOOk for Preparation and Review of EA, January 2000. In addition, the EEAA and the World Bank require that the individuall company managing or operating an industrial facility (such as a power plant) must: • maintain records of significant environmental matters, including monitoring data, accidents and occupetional illnesses, and spills, fires and other emergencies; • review and evaluate information from the above to improve the effectiveness of the environmental, health and safety program; • submit an annual summary of recorded information to the EEAA (and to the World Bank). 41 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~.;:srv. ~'l;.l...../"~ (;r..-/ 2.6.9 Construction Management Law 411994 and Law 9/2009 require that guidelines on environmental management and protection, including related to nOise, land, marine and atmospheric pollution, waste management and health and safety must be adhered to during the construction process, In particular, when handling and storing soils and wastes during construction, all organizations and individuals m us! ensure that storage and transportation is undertaken in such a manner to minimize release or dispersion into the environment. 2.6.10 Other Environmental Issues Chemical Compounds Law 411994 and Law 912009 state that spraying of pesticides or other chemical compounds is prohibited except after complying with the conditions, norms and guarantees set by the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health and the EEAA, The conditions for such use are as follows: • notification to the health and veterinary units of the types of sprays being used and antidotes before spraying; • provision of necessary first aid supplies; • provision of protective clothing and materials; • warning of the public in spraying areas; • training of laborers conducting the spraying. Other Chemicals The EEAA and the World Bank require that the individual I company managing or operating an industrial facility (such as a power plant) must ensure that: • use of formulations containing chromates is avoided; • transformers or eqUipment that either contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or use PCB-contaminated oil are not installed; • processes, equipment and central cooling systems that use or potentially release chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). including Halon, are avoided; • storage and liquid impoundment areas for fuels and raw and in-process materials, solvents and wastes and finished products are designed in such a way to prevent spills and the contamination of soil, groundwater and surface waters, 2.7 INTERNATIONAL MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS The following section identifies the global and regional environmental conventions of relevance to the proposed power plant, to which Egypt is party, 2.7.1 International Conventions Global Conventions • Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. 42 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W'\.;..J../...t.0tr.:../~~\I. • International Convention on Economic. Social and Cultural Rights. • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol. Regional Conventions • African Convention on the Conservation of Natural Resources. Nature Conservation Conventions • World Heritage Convention. • Convention on Biological Diversity. UN (1992). • Convention of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention). • COnllention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention, 1971). 43 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES . 3.1 CURRENT SITUATION ("NO ACTION" OPTION) 3.1.1 Electricity Demand Egypt has a rapidly expanding economy that is dependent on the availability of reliable and low cost electric power. The annual average rate of growth of electricity demand in Egypt is expected to range between 6·7% during this decade and beyond. Peak demand is expected to rise from 22,750 MWe in 2009/2010 to 26,600 MWe by 2012 and installed capacity is expected to increase from 24,726 MWe to 30,200 MWe during the same period. In 2009/2010, about 99% of the population was served by the Egyptian electricity grid. Of total demand of 139,000TWh on the interconnected system, about 9.25% was met by hydropower, principally the High Dam and Aswan 1 & 2, and the remaining was met with thermal power plants, of which around 68.24% were supplied from natural gas and 31.76% heavy fuel oil. The rate of growth in demand for electricity is forer~sted to continue at the aforementioned level for the next 5 years before gradually decreasi; to a growth rate of 5.7% per year over the subsequent 10 years. In order to meet the forecasted demand, the Ministry of Electricity & Energy (MEE) estimates that more than additional 26,000 MWe of new generating capacity will be required during the next ten years. 3.1.2 Electricity Generation and supply Currently, the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) holds 16 affiliate companies: 6 for power generation, one for electrical energy transmission and 9 for electricity distribution. The Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company owns and operates the high voltage electricity transmission system, and the Electricity Distribution Companies own and operate the electricity distribution system. High voltage electricity transmission through medium voltage transmission system consists of over 38,400 km of 500 kV, 220 kV, 132 kV, 66kV and 33 kV transmission lines. Further expansion of the transmission system is also planned. In addition to EEHC, the power sector contains a few IPPs selling power to EEHC; New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) Zaafarana wind farms and three privately owned power plants under Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) financing schemes, and few IPS selling power in the isolated market. As mentioned above, the Six Electricity Generating Companies supported in 2009/2010 almost 24,700MWe of installed capacity. This resulted in 139,000 TWh of generated energy. Over 24 million customers have access to electricity supply, representing about 99% of Egypt's population. Table 3-1 shows the breakdown on existing installed capacity by fuell process type. Table 3·1 44 ENGINEERING CONSULTA,'1TS GROUP ~i;!.J.J.D~?>..;.srv. Installed Capacity Corresponding to Fuel Type, 200912010 Installed Capacity MWe %age Steam 11,457 46.33 Gas 842 3.43 Combined Cvcie 9,136 36.94 Hydro 2,800 11.32 Wind 490 1.98 Total 24.726 100 Source: Arab Republic of Egypt-MInistry of Electricity and Energy/Egyptian ElectriCity Holding Company. Annual Reporl-2008l2009. 3.1.3 The "No Action" Option The no action alternative will resuH in the demand for electricity exceeding supply, wnh an increasing deficit as demand increases in future years. A lack of a secure and reliable electricity generation and supply system has significant social and economic implications, since it will: • constrain existing and future economic development and investment through lack of energy resources to meet industrial demand; • restrict socio-economic development through lack of electriCity supply, or poor reliability and shortages in electricity supply for domestic users, community and other public facilities and public services; • inhibit provision of social services, including public health and poverty eradication. As a result, the "no action" option is not a viable or acceptable alternative to the proposed project. 3.1.4 Planned Additional Capacity and the Helwan South Power Plant The EEHC has established a generation expansion plan which is intended to achieve the following: • meet future demand for electricity; • maintain and improve generation and transmission reliability; and • introduce new technologies. The expansion plan also corresponds to the national Government's development aspirations and growth poles of economic and industrial expansion throughout the country. As part of this plan, the EEHC has identified Helwan South power project to help implement its expansion in generation capacity. Hence, the proposed project is compatible with and, indeed, a fundamental part of the EEHC generation expansion plan to meet existing and future demand for electricity. 3.2 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND FUELS 3.2.1 Selection of the Proposed Technology The EEHC has an objective to provide a secure, reliable electricity generation and' distribution system for Egypt. A key element in meeting this objective is to establish a diverse range of technologies to avoid over-reliance on any particular fuel or technology, which may 45 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W'\;.)J'....ti) ~~.;srv. adversely affect the ability to provide electricity or meet the fluctuations in demand which occur on a day-to-day or seasonal basis. The EEHC generation expansion plan includes provision of the following: • gas/oil-fired steam units; • gas/oil-fired combined cycle units; • gas/oil-fired simple cycle combustion turbine units; • pumped storage; • nuclear generation; • wind farms; and • integrated solar-thermal generating units. Other possible options include "importing electricity', "rehabilitation of existing power plants", "transmission and distribution investment" and "IPPs", These technological alternatives constrained by the following: • Importing electricity: Egypt is interconnected to Libya and Jordan and is exporting electricity to both countries, Interconnection to Libya has a capacity of 300 MWe, and that of Jordan has a capacity of 350 MWe, which was increased to 450 MWe in 2006, Libya and Jordan are currently paying 4 US¢/kWh for the Egyptian power supply, As they are net importers, there is currently not much scope for electricity imports to Egypt from the interconnected networks, In addition, the cost of electricity in both countries is much higher than that of Egypt, making it an uncompetijive alternative, There is currently no south border connection to Sudan, although there is an ongoing activities in the context of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) whereby Egypt could potentially import hydroelectric power starting approximately in 2014, if the price is competitive, However, considering the abundance of natural gas and thus the low cost electricity provision in Egypt, it will be difficult for imported electricity to be competitive, • Renewable energy: Current world market cost of wind based electricity is 5,9-7,38 US¢/kWh, whilst is 3,75 US¢/kWh with current grant financing for wind projects, which is higher than the cost from natural gas thermal plants, Therefore, renewable energy is not competitive unless further subsidies are provided. • Rehabilitation of existing power plants: EEHC has concluded that the rehabilitation option is cost effective in seven of its existing power plants, and these sites have already bean or will be rehabilitated, However, these efforts are not enough to cope with the growing demand for electricity. • Transmission and distribution investments: EEHC has developed a transmission and distribution (T&D) development plan and the T&D system is optimiZed for the current load requirements and generation capacity, To meet the demand growth for the fast track period and medium term expansion, a T&D investment plan has been developed, New electricity generation capacity is required in the network; therefore, strengthening of T&D capacity alone will not replace the need for the generation capacity, Furthermore, T&D losses are at a relatively low level, around 10% on average, and reducing the losses further would not free up the amount of electricity supply required, 46 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP c!.t.v'\.;.:i.J'~ 0;/ ~.;.sr\l. . • BOOTslIPPs: Three BOOT projects (650 MWe each) have been buitt in Egypt in late 1990's and early 2000's. The government is encouraging private sector participation in order to attract private investment However, given the worldwide reduction in investor's interest in the power sector, private financing for power generation in the near term is still in process. Consistent with the generation expansion plan, the EEHC has stipulated that the Helwan South should be gasloil.flred supercrltical steam units of a net 2x650 MWe generating capacity. The reasons for the selection of this technology are as follows: The steam cycle (SC) technology, which fires natural gas as a main fuel and mazout as a back-up fuel, has been used for decades in Egypt The plant efficiency is around 46% with 600 MWe size drumless type super·critical steam cycle, which exceeds the similar sub­ critical unit efficiency with at least 4% ratio. The investment cost of Steam Cycle Super­ critical plant, based on recent worldwide market experience, is around $ 1700/kWe (EPC basis with multiple packages). The application of large scale (750MWe) gas turbine combined cycle (CC) technology, which fires natural gas as a main fuel and diesel fuel as a back-up fuel, has been operational since 2004. Plant efficiency exceeds 50% and the investment cost, based on recent worldwide market experience, is around $7601kWe (EPC basis with muHiple packages). Given that CC plants show lower investment cost and higher plant efficiency, there should be a distinguished rationale to justify why the SC technology has been selected for the proposed project The reasons are the following: . • Operational flexibilitv: The EEHC plans to operate large scale (i.e., 750 MWe) CC plants at 100% full flat base-load with a possibility of reducing operations to 50% once a week. This is because the cycling capacity of large-scale CC plants is still to be confimned (frequent start and stop, and partial load operation capacity). Consequently, SC piants are required to take the role of reducing the load, while CC plants keep 100% full load. EEHC therefore sets the maximum proportion of CC in the generation mix to be 30-35%. As a result, the Electric Generation Expansion Analysis System (EGEAS) model selected the proposed Helwan South SC plant as the most viable option based on this generation mix criteria. If the CC technology were selected, it would exceed the limit of CC in the generation mix, requiring CC plant cycling operation beyond what it is capable of. • Grid stabilitv: SC turbine has bigger inertia and is therefore more stable to network disturbances. When the CC ratio is too high in the generation mix, CC may overreact to the disturbances and interfere with each other, which could cause load instability. • Unforeseen risk of new techno/ooy: Applying a new technology to the Egyptian specific climate and environment may have unforeseen risks. For example, recently, dust and humidity caused a quick filter pressure drop in the Cairo North plant, commissioned in May 2004, which was not expected when the CC plant was designed. • Fuel flexibility: SC plants use mazout as a back-up fuel, easily available domestically, while CC plants use im ported diesel oil. The ability to "dual-fuel" the power plant (with natural gas or mazout) will provide security of electriCity supply in the event that gas supplies are unavailable for any reason. • Local manufacturing capacitv: In Egypt only 30% of CC plants are manufactured locally, in comparison to about 40-45% of SC plants manufactured locally. Therefore, the use of SC technology creates more local employment and requires less foreign exchange. 47 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv~~b;/....M8:.sr\l. Given this rationale, existing and planned generating capacity using gas/oil-fired combined cycle units is already considered sufficient by the EEHC and further reliance on this particular technology is not preferred for reasons of security of supply, response to demand and economics. As shown in Table 3-1, almost 29.88% of installed capacity in 2008/2009 was provided by combined cycle technology. The new combined cycle units at New Kureimat and EI-Atf, Sidi Krir and New Talkha have added more 3000 MWe to the installed capacity within the last 2 years. Also, declared com bined cycle additions of Giza North (3x750) MWe and Banha (1x750) MWe will increase the combined cycle capacity by another 3000 MWe within the next 2 years. The EEHC is implementing a process of meeting and generating increased demand through the provision of conventional steam generation plants in order to generate sufficient demand to install further CCGT capacity in the future. This will result in increased potential to incorporate more CCGT capacity. Hence, with the current policy to limit CC to 30-35% in the generation mix (as identified by EGEAS), and with urgent need of supply capacity with load following capability, SC technology has been identified as the most viable option for the Helwan South project This will ensure operational flexibility, network stability, fuel flexibility, local job creation, and avoid unforeseen risks of applying new technologies too rapidly in Egypt 3.2.2 Alternative Fuels Natural gas has been selected as the main fuel for the power plant Compared to other fossil fuel generating technologies, gas fired steam generators have a relatively low emissions of carbon dioxide (CO,), moderate emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the lowest emission levels (almost traces) of sulfur dioxide (SO.) and particulates. The greenhouse effect is caused by the build-Up of carbon dioxide (CO.), methane (CH.), nitrous oxide (N.O) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere. Water vapour and ozone (03 ) can also act as greenhouse gases. For power generation processes, CO2 is the key emission of concern, as methane and CFCs are not emitted by power plants and none of the other greenhouse gases are emitted in sufficient quantities from power generation to be considered important in terms of the greenhouse effect A comparision of the efficiency and CO, emissions from natural gas-fired steam generators compared to other technologies and fuels is provided in Table 3-2 below. 48 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP cit:v'\.;:.J./..J) ~~.;.srV Table 3-2 Comparison of CO, from Alternative Technologies for Power Plants Generating Efficiency C02 Emissions Technology (%) (g per kWh) Steam Generators 36-45% 520 - gas fired Combined Cycle Gas Turbine 50-58% 360-420 - gas fired Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Not available 600 - oil fired Steam Generators 42-48% 1.000 - coal fired Pressurised Fluidised Bed 42-45% 740-840 - pulverized coal Integrated Coal Gasification Cycle 40-45% 750-1.000 - coal-Qas fired Conventional Coal without FGD 38-40% . 820-950 - pulverized coal Conventional Coal with FGD 36-40% 800-980 - pulverized coal Source: EDFPart Said East SAE: EIA for Port Said East BOOT Steam Power Plant. Final Report. October 2000. The efficiency of the proposed steam power plant is 42-45% with natural gas. with associated CO, emissions of about 520 g/kWh. This compares with the efficiency of a typical CCGT power plant of 53-54%. Emissions of carbon dioxide are estimated to be up to 6.750 kilotonnes per year (expressed as CO,). This assumes that the plant operates for the whole year and consumes around 180 tonnes of gas per hour. The emissions of CO, from fuel burning in Egypt amounted to around 160.000 kilotonnes in 2000 (Ref: EEAA: Egypt's Second National Communication). Fuel combustion will account for most of Egypt's CO, emissions from all sources. Hence. the power plant as proposed will emit up to around 4.2% of the total Egyptian CO, emissions in 2000. This is an upper estimate as the plant will not operate 100% of the year or at full load 100% of the time. Natural gas. which is the main fuel to be used in the Helwan South plant. contains very low concentrations of sulfur or particulate matter. therefore the potential for emissions of S02 and particulates from the electricity generating process are also very low. Fuel oil however. leads to greater emissions of S02 and particulates. due to the relatively high sulfur content of these fuels and the generation of ash during their combustion. Natural gas fuel also has the significant benefit over fuel oil of being able to be delivered by an existing pipeline. whereas oil requires delivery to the power plant by road. rail andlor sea. The use of a pipeline avoids the potentially significant environmental im pacts of road. rail or seaborne traffic and fuel unloading operations at a power plant. The very limited use of fuel oil at the proposed plant does not justify use of a pipeline for this fuel. Therefore. the selection of natural gas as the main fuel for the Helwan South power plant offers a range of environmental advantages over alternative fuels. Light fuel oil. which is less polluting than the chosen heavy fuel oil or mazout. is not readily available in Egypt and its use would incur significant economical impact on the project. 49 ) 0 •••• J ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS OF THE POWER PLANT There are a wide variety of potential designs for the proposed power plant which consider technical, economic and environmental issues. Key design features of the power plant which are related to environmental impacts are summarized in Tale 3-3. On the basis of the key design features selected for the power plant summarized in Table 3­ 3, together with general good practice included within its overall design and layout, fuel and chemical storage facilities and pollution monitoring equipment, the power plant offers a range of environmental benefits whilst minimizing its potential site-specific impacts on the environment and ensuring safe, secure and efficient operation. Table 3-3 Key Design Alternatives for the Helwan South Power Plant lIem Summary of Alternatives Selected Design Stack The two generating units and the The power plant is primarily Configuration auxiliary boiler in the power plant designed with a flue housed in each require an exhaust for a single stack for each unit, combustion gases. Alternative which imrroves the buoyancy configurations are: and dispe' 310n of the • three separate stacks, emissions. This also • two separate stacks, minimizes the visual impact. • one single stack for both units and one stack for the auxiliary boiler, • one single stack with three flues, • one single stack with one flue. The two stacks will have an appropriate diameter each, which will improve dispersion through buoyancy effects. The visual appearance of the power plant will change with stack configuration. Stack The stack can be a range of heights. The stack height was Height Dispersion is improved by increasing tentatively defined as 150 m at the stack height, but engineering minimum (may be more requirements, e.g. structural support elongated) via atmospheric and foundations, and associated modeling carried out for costs are also increased with stack Helwan South power plant by height. Clearly, the higher the stack ECG in October 2010 which is the greater the visual impact, but the in excess of the Good higher the stack the better dispersion Engineering Practice (GEP) of atmospheric emissions. stack height. 50 Air There is a range of technologies The boilers will be equipped Pollution which may be used to minimize with 10w-NOx burners, . Control emissions from the power plant, ! minimizing the emission of which can be divided into two . NOx which is the key pollutant categories: associated with combustion of • fuel combustion controls; natural gas. • "end-of pipe" gas cleaning. Detailed design will also The most effective approach is to consider further NOx reduction control combustion of the fuel such techniques, such as flue gas that the production of the emissions is re-circulation. minimized, obviating the need to use gas cleaning equipment ( which Air pollution control systems addresses the results rather than the will ensure compliance with source of emissions). End- of- pipe both the WB and EEAA solutions are also expensive emission standards for power compared to combustion controls. plant. : The use of Heavy Fuel Oil will result in 502 emissions and particulates. Heavy Fuel Oil will be used in emergencies only and for a period not exceeding 2% of i operating time. i 51 ENGINEERING CONSULT MIS GROUP &...r\::..J../~ ~~,;,srv. Item ~ Summary of Alternatives Selected Design Cooling are are 3 generic cooling systems Direct water cooling will be System which may be used: used, which maximizes • direct (once-through) water generating efficiency, cooling; minimizes visual impact and • indirect water cooling using noise and the potential for evaporative cooling towers; visible vapor plumes or ground fogging. • air cooling via air cooled condensers. A sustainable water is Direct water cooling maximizes the available from the Nile River and the intake and outfall generating efficiency of a power plant, structures can be constructed but requires large quantities of without .slgnificant cooling water and the construction of environmental impacts. intake and outfall infrastructure. A cooling tower system (closed system) uses less water, but is associated with lower generating efficiency and visible plumes of water vapor which causes salt drift and can cause ground fogging. Although cooling towers use less water they result in a net water loss which needs to be compensated by make-up. Air cooled condensers (closed s~tem) have the lowest generating e Iciency but do not use water, although noise and visual impacts are higher than for the other options. 52 Cooling The cooling water intake and outfall The cooling water intake and Water may have a range of alternative outfall infrastructure is located Intake and deSi~ns, which affect dispersion of such that there will be no Outfall the t ermal plume: effects on the operation of the Structures • Relative locations on the Nile bed power plant through re­ (which control potential re­ circulation (re-entrainment)of circulation (re-entrainment) of warm water from the cooling warm water into the intake); water discharge into the intake • Design (flow rate, flow velocity, structure. height above seabed orientation, The orientations, flow rates .. etc). and flow velocities of the intake and outfall are designed to avoid scour of the Nile bed and change to sedimentation. The height of the intake and outfall above the seabed are designed to avoid any potential interference with Nile navigation. The intake Orientation, flow rate and velocity are designed to minimize entrainment of fish and other marine organisms. Fish screens are also fitted to the intake. 53 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.;.:i...../~ (;r./~.;.sr\.f. Item Summary of Alternatives Se: ted Design Source of There are three alternatives for Tr, I plant water will Potable providing potable water to the power pr ~ water for human uses Water plant: in power plant, including Supply • local potable water network of the drinKing. Helwan Governorate, which could be extended to the site of the power plant; • treated water in the power plant; and • provided potable water in jerry cans. Effluent There is a range of technologies The treatment system consists Treatment which may be used to treat effluent of modules for treating and from the power plant. wastewater streams Disposal") generated by the power plant The main effluent characteristics of This is achieved by selectively concern are pH, suspended solid combining some of these material and oil/grease residues. waste streams and providing These characteristics may be treated treatment as required prior to by: routing to the disposal system. • pH adjustment by acid/alkali addition; Effluent treatment systems will • filtration of suspended solids; ensure compliance with the Egyptian EEAA and World • interception of surface oily Bank discharge standards for SUbstances; power plants. Due to the development programs in the area surrounding the site, available options for disposal of the plant's treated effluent are to a mains sewer, an existing wastewater treatment plant, or a local watercourse. Otherwise, the only available discharge route will be direct to Nile. The plant includes a wastewater treatment facility. 54 Use of There is a range of proprietary water The use. of water treatment Water treatment chemicals available for use chemicals will be reduced to Treatment in power plants. the minimum required to Chemicals achieve safe and efficient The approach to the use of water operation of the power plant. treatment chemicals is determined by The control of the use of water the quality of the raw feedwater, treatment chemicals will requirements of the power systems to include consideration of the operate safely and efficiently and type of chemical used management of the power plant. The (Chlorine will be added to the use of water treatment chemicals is cooling water system to inherent in the operation of the power control bacterial and algal plant, although how the chemicals are growth instead of sodium : used can be controlled. hypochlorite), dosing regime and control of residual concentrations in the process effluent and cooling water . discharge. i Note: (-) Processed waste water will be used for irrigation, Wastewater is monitored for pH prior to use. 55 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~\.::.l../~b;/~.;:.srv. 3.4 ALTERNA TIVE SITES The site location has been allocated to the Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company (UEEPC), an affiliated company to the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) by the Egyptian Government (Presidential Decree no. 43 of the year 2010, issued on 14 February 2010). 3.4.1 Identification of Candidate Sites Three sites were considered for the proposed project, namely Safaga, Sharrn esh-Sheikh and Helwan South. Relatively, the Helwan South was preferred to Safaga and Sharm esh­ Sheikh sites mainly because of the higher cost for connection to cooling water, make-up water and the gas network, in addition to the electricity grid due to the greater distance to the load centers. The key criteria used in the evaluation of the aHernative sites by the EEHC/ UEEPC were as follows: • Economic factors: capHal costs; operation and maintenance cosls; requirement for natural gas; requirement for cooling water; demand loads for electricity; and requirement for electricity transmission lines/sub-stations. • non-economiC factors: potential environmental impacts; and site development. Potential environmental impacts have been examined for all sites. Screening level assessment during feasibility study indicated that the level of environmental impacts will be relatively constant for all the three sites. According to the Investment Map and Land-use Map of Egypt, the South Helwan/ Kureimat has been designated since 1999 to industrial development. Some of the land around has already been developed with industry facilities. As a result, the Helwan South on the Nile River area has been identified as the centre of load for current and future electricity demand in the region. Compared to other alternative sites, the Helwan South on the Nile River site was found to be . the most effective site for the following reasons: • Minimal additional infrastructure requirements are needed. • A workers colony is not required during construction as the power plant will use the local workforce from Helwan Governorate and the sUlTounding towns and villages. • Desirable benefits for development of the site area. In addition, the power plant will be constructed and operated on a land originally allocated for power generation activity, thus it will not include any land take. Also, the power plant site will bring socio-economic benefits to the wider Helwan Region, through employment opportunities, supply contracts and the effects of project expenditure within the local economy. The key findings of the consideration of aHernative sites are summarized in Table 3-4. The consideration of alternative sites by the UEEPC/EEHC indicated that Helwan South has no 56 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP c!.tv\;.!..../'"~ ~~:;.sr\J: significant disadvantages and has several beneficial aspects for other developments in the Helwan and Atfieh I Kureimat area, and desirable site development characteristics. Therefore, Helwan South was selected as the preferred site for the power plant. Table 3-4 Key Findings of the Consideration of Alternative Sites Site Key Findings Safaga Remote, "greenfield" site, hence a new colony for workers would be required with potential socio-economic conflicts. Extensive infrastructure requirements needed, resulting in higher costs and potential environmental impacts. i Sharm Relative to ·Helwan South site, significant infrastructure esh-Sheikh requirements needed, resulting in higher costs and potential environmental impacts. Helwan Minimal additional infrastructure would be required. South Cost-effective site for development (first lowest of the three alternative sites). A workers colony is NOT required as the project will use the local workforce from wider Helwan area. 57 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~ (;.::K'V. dw~~ l:r.--/ 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT AND THE EXISTING FACILITY 4.1 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE The Helwan South facility will consist of three units, supercritical steam electric generating station firing natural gas as the primary fuel and mazout (heavy fuel oil) as an emergency fuel. In addition, Sollar oil will be used as a start-up/wanm-up fuel. The development of Helwan South Power Plant will consist of the infrastructure presented in Table 4-1 and Table 4-2, The proposed site of the power plant and the easements for the associated infrastructure are shown in Figure 4-1, Table 4-1 Main Infrastructure for Helwan South Power Plant Infrastructure Brief Description Comment Power plant 1950 MWe power plant comprising Power plant is the subject of this ESIA three Steam Turbine units each of report, 650 MWe capacity, using natural gas as the main fuel and mazout (oil no, 6) to be used in emergency situations for limited hours, Cooling water Abstraction and return of cooling Cooling water supply is required and supply water fromlto the Nile River through subject of this ESIA intake and discharge structures, Fuel supply Natural gas supply via a new gas Gas pipeline is the subject of a separate ! pipeline routing and the emergency . ESIA by GASCo, fuel mazout oil to be transported by A gas reducing station will be used for trucks from Musturod (Cairo) or Suez the new units, Supply of emergency and oil refineries) to the power plant site, start up fuels (heavy and light fuel oils) Ught fuel oil supply. also by trucks, by trucks are included in this review, Power Direct connection by overhead New off - site transmission line is evacuation transmission line into the new 500 kV required to evacuate power generated switchyard and 500kV OHTL network, and included in this review, Potable water Potable water will be obtained from No separate ESIA report is necessary, supply the new power plant water supply system, Sewer Line The power plant has its own sewage Plant sewer treatment system is the treatment plant. Treated wastewater subject of this ESIA report, Therefore no , will be used lor plantation program of separate ESIA report is necessary, landscaping the power plant site, Site access Access via an existing road. No new road is required, road 58 ENGINEERING CONSULTMiS GROUP ~.;.srv. dw~ 1:,,;/ Table 4-2 Supporting Infrastructure Infrastructure Type and Brief Description • Logistic buildings, including administration building, offices, workshop, warehouse, laboratory and gate house, • Gas handling facilities, for metering and control of gas delivery. • Fuel feeding system for both natural gas and alternate fuel. • Handling system needed for the periodic maintenance of the equipment. • Fire fighting facilities including emergency supply. • GIS switchgear with 500 kV outgoing feeder lines, • Ventilation and air conditioning. • Chemical laboratory. • Communication system, • Site drainage, site lighting and perimeter wall (3 m height) , 59 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d..:w'\.;.J..../~l:t.;./~~\.J' Figure 4-1 Proposed Site of the Helwan South Power Plant and its Easements 60 ENGINEERIl'OG CONSULTANTS GROUP dx..:;\..::.),..../~(;.,;./~.;:.sr\l. 4.2 DESIGN OF THE HELWAN SOUTH POWER PLANT 4.2.1 Overview of Helwan South Power Plant The preliminary design, layout and engineering aspects of the proposed power plant are being developed by the Consultant on behalf of EEHC/ UEEPC. The design of the plant is based on high quality electric utility standards and uses proven technology and equipment. The plant has been designed to produce low cost power without compromising quality, reliability or availability. The plant will consist of the infrastructure presented in Tab/es 4-1 and 4-2. The project will include the following main components: • Supercritical steam power plant, comprising three generating units primarily fired by natural gas, at approximately 9-11 bar gauge at the interface, but also designed to run on mazout (heavy fuel oil) in emergency situations as a secondary fuel. Each un~ will consist of one outdoor supercrillcal steam generator for steam generation and one supercritical steam turbine generator (STG) providing 650 MWe (nominal) electrical generation capac~ per unit at the 100% of the STG output case. Each STG will be fed by steam from the respective steam generator (boiler); • Circulating water system, with the main pumps and associated piping, the intake and discharge structures, the screening system, the chlorination system and the cathodic protection system; • Heavy fuel oil and light fuel oil storage tanks; • Intermediate water storage, the demineralization plant and the make up water system; and • Power will be generated at the manufacturer's standard voltage and stepped up through main transformers to be connected to the new 500kV GIS switchgear. Provisional layout drawing of the proposed power plant is provided in Figure 4-2. The final layout of the power plant and detailed design will be completed by the Consultant and Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company's (UEEPC's) Contractors who will construct the power plant. However, main components illustrated in the provisional layout drawing include the fOllowing: • Boiler Unit 1 A. • Boiler Unit 1 B. • Boile Unit 1C. • Auxiliary Boiler. • Steam Turbines Units 1 A, lB&lC. • Elec. Bldg. ,ail units. • Elec. Control Bldg. ,all units. 0 Main Transformers Unit 1 A. 0 Main Transformers Unit 1 B. • Main Transformers Unit lC. 0 Aux. Transformers Unit 1 A. • Aux. Transformers Unit 1 B. 0 Aux. Transformers Unit lC. 0 Switchyard Area. • Diesel Generator. 61 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP c!.tY\;.!,./...u!l ~~.;srv • SWitchgear Control Room. • Stacks Module 1. • Fuel Gas Receiving/Reducing Station. • Mazout Fuel Oil Unloading Pumps. • Sollar Oil Unloading Pumps. • Mazout Fuel Storage Tank 1. • Mazout Fuel Storage Tank 2. • Sollar Oil Unloading Pumps. • Mazout Oil HeaterslTransfer Pumps. • Sollar oil Storage Tank. • Water Treatment Area. • Circulating Water fire Water Pump House. • Circulating Water Electrical Equipment Bldg. • Chlorine Tank/Pump. • Condensate Water Tank. • Condensate Water Discharge Structure. • Condensate Water Nile I Well. • Demineralized Water Storage Tank. • Waste Water Treatment Plant. • Administration Building. • WarehouselWork Shops. • Security office. • Fire Station. • Hydrogen Generation Building. • Bottled Gas Storage/Gen. Area. • Foam Equipment. • Black Start Facility. The power plant is designed to operate as a base load unit with the STG operating in sliding pressure mode up to approximately 60% load and at fixed pressure for higher loads. Key features of the power plant design may be summarized as follows: • The conventional Steam Turbine Generator power plant will have the capability to be fired by dual fuel, using either natural gas or mazout in case of emergency. • The power plant will operate by a once-through cooling system. Supply and return cooling water will be fromlto the Nile River. • Nile water will be utilized in the steam generation system after it has been filtered and demineralized. 4.2,2 Design and Layout of the Power Plant The proposed design and layout are being developed with regard to the following factors and considerations: • Technical requirements for construction, operation and maintenance. • Design of a safe power plant taking into account the relative locations of equipment and the relationship of the overall plant to the environment, particularly sens~ive receptors to environmental impacts. • Compliance with regulatory requirements. • Presence of existing services. 62 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dw'\;.J../...u!l b;/ ~:;.srv • Provisions and mitigation measures to avoid or minimize any potential environmental impacts. • Primary access and secondary roads to operate the power plant. In general, the site can be split into three main components, namely: • main power production area, approximately in the central east part of the site which incorporates the Steam Turbine Generators, Boilers, stacks and the power transformers; • fuel handling and fuel gas reducing station area on the northern part of the site, which includes storage tanks for the mazout and Sollar oils, and ancillary management facilities (including loading/unloading area, fuel heating and pumping units); • main cooling water intake and ouliet pipelines, demineralization unit and pump house on the western side of the site. The outline design and layout used as the basis for the assessment incorporates all of the key features of the power plant. Where appropriate, conservative assumptions have been made to ensure that all potential environmental impacts are considered and evaluated. 4.3 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 4.3.1 Electricity Generating Process The steps in the generating process, typical for each power generating unit, at the power plant are illustrated in Figure 4-3 and the key features are as fOllows: • The key inputs to the generating process are natural gas or mazout oil, which will be delivered to the site via underground pipelines (gas or mazout), together with air and water. • Natural gas (or mazout oil when natural gas is unavailable) will be mixed with air and combusted to generate steam from demineralized water to drive two turbines serving electrical generators. The combustion of the fuel is supported by injection of air. The process results in the generation of electricity and also produces hot exhaust gases. • The steam is cycled from the boilers through the turbines to condensers. The condensers are cooled by a direct cooling system, abstracting water from, and discharging the used effluent to, the Nile River. The condensate is then returned lor recirculation within the boilers. • The final exhaust gases will be discharged to the atmosphere via a flue housed in a single stack of 150 m height, (at minimum, may be more elongated) for each unit in accordance with emission standards set by the EEAA. The main by-products from combustion 01 natural gas are carbon dioxide (C02), water vapour, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Sulfur dioxide (S02) and particulates, which are typically associated with coal and oil combustion, will not be produced other than in trace quantities during natural gas firing. When mazout oil is used instead of natural gas (in emergency situations for only less than 2% of the total operating hours), 502 and particulates will also be key emissions from the power plant. 4.3.2 Operating Modes Under normal operating conditions, 'the pswer plant will run according to one of the following modes: • two steam turbines at full load, two boilers firing natural gas; • three steam turbines at full load, three boilers firing natural gas; or • boiler start up: under black start conditions light fuel oil may be fired. 63 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\;..i/.-ll!l ~.;:..s.rv. . b:-/ In emergency circumstances (when gas is unavailable), the plant will operate as described above but using heavy fuel oil (mazout) in place of gas. Emergency operation using heavy fuel oil will occur for no more than 7 continuous days, I.e. 170 hours per year and only if gas is unavailable. In case of a total blackout. the power plant will operate as follows: • emergency diesel engines will supply power to the auxiliaries. 4,3.3 Grid Connection The electricity produced by the unit generator will be fed into a step u~ main transformer. The output is delivered into the 500 kV GIS switchyard by means of 500 kV GIS bus for connection with the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC) power transmission system. Electricity will be evacuated off site by high voltage transmission line (500kV). The interconnection point is the transmission line terminal to the gantry of the 500 kV GIS switchyard. EETC will construct and operate single circuit 500kV transmission line between the plant and the national network. 64 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP ~~b;-/'~.;..srv. Figure 4-2 Provisional Layout Drawing of the Helwan South Power Plant I !! I . !! j 'I I , I. ,I I ,I ! i • : ,1:. • • • • • • • ~ 4€,.i;; ..; U ~~ •• ! I t If "', _ ..... ~ ...i ...t·. ~.- ..... - Ii, , I, , ,- , ,' · • ~ ~ • iI II t 11 "', · • i • 65 Figure 4-3 Helwan South Power Plant Flow Diagram (Steps of the Generating Process) HP >0-­ SH BYP SH RH IJ' BYP E co I­ OJ RH co SH o ~ r I I u. /~~~RATOR I I ...... I c I co I I I n FURNACE L...L... WATERWALL I --~------------------f*l--> 5 [,; ..:11 ' q.7. 0" "... .. • ,J ! t " ----- _.,.OIIW_..... ~ "I . . . . . .. . , .. . ...., ........ 95 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP <:!..tv\;.i../~2:r:--/~;.sr\..r. Figure 5-1 (AA) Part of Landsat TM Mosaic Covering the Project Area 96 ENGINEERING CONSULTA.~TS GROUP w~b;/~.;;..,rv. Figure 5·1 (8) Location Map of the Proposed Site within the Ex·He/wan Governorate Context \ I • " , .) , !~~ ;\ .1 \ , ,j,: " il ~ i : !. ' '~ j ~, Source: Arab Republic of Egypt.The Cabinet Information & Decision Support Center: Egypt's Description by Information 20 I0, Helwan Governorate. 97 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv'\.;..L./'~~?l,:;.srv. Figure 5-1 Ie) The Proposed Site within the Ex-Helwan Governorate and Surrounding Governorates ~ ;; ~ ~ j 1 1; ,1: ~ ~ .1: 98 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6w~~~;srv. Figure 5-1 (0) Landsat Image of the Wider South Helwan Area Showing the Proposed Site of the He/wan South Power Plant 99 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dt.v\;;i..../Jt)b;/~;:"r\f. Figure 5·1 (E) Landsat Image of the Wider Kureimat Area Showing the Proposed Site of the Helwan South Power Plant ]00 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP &.r~ ~~.;.srv Figure 5-1 (F) Enlargement of the Helwan South Power Plant Area 101 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~\.;.:i./...u;)l:f.:--./~;sr\.r. Figure 5·1 IFF) Enlargement of the Helwan South Power Plant Area 102 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~;.srv. 0.:.v\;.:iJ~b;/ Figure 5-1 (G) Schematic Layout Drawing of the He/wan South Power Project .' , :(" 00 103 ENGINEERING CONSULT~"ITS GROUP Figure 5-2 Locailzed Map of the Proposed Site ~ _"",..-u;;D'1IIM'I _ _ I,wOOO "-""-"""""-­ -'--'....t---'~ ~r.~!'" BANI SUWAYF -:.:.~ - =-_.. ::::. ...... ­ .'~ ;;;:::.-~-..z:: =":,~~~ ---­ ­ ...._-....... ..... != ~'--'-~ e 104 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROuT dtv~b::/~c:.srv. Figure 5-3 (A) General Area Map of the Helwan South Power Plant with Locations of Permanent Control Points .' !J--' ~ , BANI SUWAYF North INl 1. 723619,80 2. 723831,95 635925,12 3. 723187,29 635612,19 4. 722918,38 636072,77 105 J .. jll J I 6; N=29 13 11.8 ~IJjU:O) (5) Eo' 31 1310,8 N= 291253,9 (4) E=31 13 10 I ., t"l S'uJfS ~ ~~ uA;.1 • WI~'":I~ .Hu.. ., ~ - 'Z 'Z • ~I""'e~ - ... (') 0 0 t"l t"l " .... ., 'Z 9: ::. !! (Q l'"'l N=29 12 51 (2) ) E= 31 1256,1 .. II> i;' C iil ~ 0 '" e '" .... 0 '" .., lA t"' .,. :;t ~ ~ ~ -0 a "'. ., '" N=29131L13 (6) E= 31 13 02.11 1) 291303.1 E= 31 1250.3 - '" (') en ii " 0 ;a ~ ~ ~ ..::.L......I;SJI §:I):tJ1 ___..,..) u......,... ~ & ( I ,<.1.-11 'k: ~ Figure 5-3 (e) General Layout Drawing of the He/wan South Power Plant and Its Easments .~. i. ft 1I . \. ~;; " 'I I. I I • • • • • • • • " i.iaut. ... .;,;,.::..-.,;;­ ! ; I • / ; i • --i 107 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP b~ ~~~\.f. Figure 5-4 (A) Some Photos for the Site Area 108 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~&./~;..sr\f. Figure 5-4 (B) Some Photos for the Power Plant Site 109 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP .n Ilt''''kHut 1 ~ ,, ':'" , '~"-"-1"<:""'~'il' ',~J,"fl" .. V'~" ,,,,c,,,,,',~ TunL\"; \.-1 TtWtK'RAPHICAi.A:-"'Titi£OLOGI j!".FoIUtA'I lOS A-A' "t,,, , ;T, , - \'fI "", . ,~ :"f)DITIO~Al :,=Y\1H( )15TOlZ THE cnoss.-~ECnO;":5 ',-., " --I i ... .... ".",. 137 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dtv'\;.:i.../JD~~c:.sr\f. 5.2.6 Natural Hazards Earthquake Generally, the distribution of the earthquake epicenters in Egypt is mainly located along the main three trends (systems) as shown in (Figures 5-14 and 5-15). These trends are: • Gulf of Aqaba - Dead Sea ( Levant) trend, • Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Cairo - Alexandria trend and • Fayum - Cairo - Pelusium trend. In fact, the area under the consideration is located in the intersection between the Gulf of Suez and Cairo-Fayum main trends (Figures 5-16, 5-17 and 5-18). The area is characterized by the occurrence of shallow, micro, small moderated and large earthquakes. The activities are mainly attributed to the Red Sea- Gulf of Suez and Cairo - Fayum systems. After the Dahshour earthquake (1992). the following features were observed: a- Liquefaction It is very pronounced at Atfeih,Menyet AI-Saff and other areas, the water level increased about one meter over some cuHivated lands. The trend of cracks 70 and 90 was also observed on the eastern side of the Nile valley. b- Fracturing Kebeasy, 1990, reported that the NW trend is the major active trend in Egypt. He also mentioned that the activities along this trend increased in recent years. Seismicity records show that the area is vulnerable 10 seismic activities that may reach 4 - 5 on Richter scale. Hamdan, 1999 reported the extension of the NW faults which affect the Middle Eocene rocks in the area of 15 May City further north. The study area is vulnerable to earthquakes in the magnitude of 3 - 4 on Richter Scale. This should be taken in consideration during the design and the foundation of the station from the engineering point of view, Flash Flood The Atfeih area subjected to the occurrence of flash floods after occasional rainfall showers. Three spillways are located around the study area, these spillways are: • AI-Dessimy Spillway • Atfeih Spillway • AI-Kureimat Spillway 138 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ Q;/~..;.srV Figure 5-14 Epicenters Distribution of Instrumental Earthquakes' in the Northern Egypt (1900-1997) Modified to Show the Active Seismic Trends (After AI-Ibiary, 2001) 3300 32 Oil 31 ou" 29,00 29 DC - o 43 Km ]~) 00 :~ 1 on 3200 139 ENGINEERING CONSULTAl' 1­ 0' ~ ~ 1IIIllJ" ~ ~ ~. 1'", ~~II 0 .~lll 32' 34' 32° 142 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ci:w~ b;.../~.;.srv. Figure 5-18 Seismic Activity Map of Egypt from 1900 to 2000 Based on Data from NRIAG with the Proposed Seismic Zones (after Mahmoud 2003) ,/ I 26' t ~, t 26' ::­ ~,<;I> , , I I 24' • .;" nl:.1',.J ," 24' I 3 <:= m!J": 4 200 , 5 <0 nob ,,6 ;:~. 6 <= nib c 6.3 I' ~ .......,_.~_.,_ ~:!_---''''''''':ctl~ _____ ." _J!:C.:.: 22' 26' ._ _--"28' _ _ _~J-,o,-'_ _ _~3,-,2:.....-___---,,3,,-,-,1_'_ _ _, _J.Q_'__ 143 ENGINEERING CONSULT A:~TS GROUP ~.;:.srv ~\;.:L/~ b;/ 5.2.7 Man-Induced Hazards As pollution issues become a problem in several cities all over the world, industrial estates were developed to house a number of industries in one place usually on land peripheral to a city or in its suburbs< Some of these industries pose a sustainable threat to the environment if not well managed< Smoke The daily mean concentration of smoke from the industrial areas should not exceed the recommended WHO guide line of 125g/m< Suspended Particles The suspended particulates are due to the dust emitted from the limestone quarries in the eastern part of the study area< However, the concentration should not exceed the WHO guide line of 60 - 90 g I m< Siltation Siltation in the River Nile near the water intake should be monitored routinely to avoid clogging or capacity reduction s:Q. ~ 18.6 r I I <1>~ ~o <1> .. ~ rl \ \ \ I E 0<1> :!1 0 Z \ ," __ ,/ / / . STATION' 2.0 CQ v. 0 .... c iil '" Cj CQ.:x: tv \ \ "'­ / ~!. , '" .., t'" U;~ iii:> U; ~ FROM: ___ /' :::!'·en 00 -~ $.. '" ~ 21 0______ S~150 "'::.. l 1-2009lll C ';':>J o o ~ ~ 0: __ \l ­ ~ -.~/ ". " "'_'"", :",,,,;:--". "i' L. rt J.: ~ l, ,­ 8w-r4.617-1oI1l] 1"211112-2009 ; : lIf?'- "" :.- I ­ ';~~:~~) ~ ( [ ~' ~ ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.;:lJ..Ji)b;.-/~~\.r. 5.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 5.4.1 Ambient Air Quality Data Introduction Concentrations of ambient pollutants vary according to both time .and location. They are affected by many factors, the most significant being the size, number and location of emission sources and the prevailing weather. Nitrogen dioxide is the only significant pollutant emitted to the atmosphere from a gas fired power plant, with respect to human health effects. The other combustion products of natural gas are CO 2 and H20. When fuel oil is burnt, 802 and particulate matter become significant emissions of concern. Monitoring at the Site Air quality monitoring at the proposed site was undertaken by the Air Pollution Preclusion Department, National Research Center during October 2010 on behalf of the UEEPC/EEHC. Monitoring took place at five monitoring points located at the center of the proposed site and the boundary four pOints althe four geographical directions as shown in Figure 5-20. Continuous measurements, over a period of 24 hours, were taken for nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C02), sulfur dioxide (802 ), aldehydes (HCHO), hydrogen sulfide (H 2S), smoke and total suspended particulates (T8P). The results of this monitoring are shown in Table 5-5 and Table 5-6 below. Comparison with Egyptian Threshold limit Values (TlVs) (as stipulated in Law 411994 and Law 912009) show that the concentrations of gaseous pollutants in ambient air at the proposed site are within the TlVs for 24 hour averages. 153 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~t::,.:i../~ l:t.J'~.;:.sr\f. Figure 5·22 Helwan South Site Plan and the Selected Monitoring Locations • L , f .. ,. 154 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP w~b;../~.;:.,r\f. Table 5-5 Mean Concentrations of Gaseous Air Pollutants at the Proposed Project Site (Measured by the National Research Center (NRC) for 24 hour average) CO CO 2 S02 N0 2 HCHO H2S Site No. (mg/m 3 ) (mg/m 3 ) Il1g/m ) 3 3 Il1g/m ) (l1g/m 3 ) Il1g/m ) 3 1 (Center) 1.18 199.41 10.15 15.90 29.43 9.13 2 (North) 1.15 108.22 6.49 11.25 19.13 1.65 3 (South) 1.17 182.93 8.36 10.30 31.28 13.04 4 (East) 1.15 180.08 7.19 11.13 26.12 15.18 5 (West) 1.17 176.75 7.07 11.89 28.05 18.53 Mean 1.16 169.48 7.85 12.09 26.80 11.51 EEAA TLV'" I 10'" . 150 150 - - Notes; • (1) Egyptian Standard for Threshold Limit Value for Ambient Air Quality(24 hour means)as stipulated in Law 4/1994 and its amendment (Law 9/2009). (2) 8 hours mean. Table 5-6 Mean Concentration of Non-Gaseous Air Pollutants at the Proposed Project Site (Measured by the National Research Center (NRC) for 24 hour average) TSP Smoke Site No. lua/ml) (119 /m3 ) 1 (Center) 309.39 139.32 2 (North) 427.47 75.92 3 (South) 449.44 195.41 4 (East) 352.12 92.26 5 (West) 360.06 57.47 Mean 379.70 112.08 EEAA TLV' 230 150 Notes: • Stipulated by the Law 4/1994 and its amendment (Law 9/2009). 155 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ..7. The samples were chemically analyzed and the percentages of their chemical constituents were calculated and listed in Tables 5-8. Through examining the available results, It can be seen that: (First) The s 0.2 IJm suspended dust percentage reaches on the average 41.50 which is high when taking into consideration the limited size range of this fraction which lies between 0.2 IJm and 0.1 IJm. The lesser sizes are those of smoke particulates. On the other hand, the suspended particulates ranging in size between 0.2 IJm and 10 IJmhave an average percentage of 58.50, which is low due to the wide range of such fraction. (Second) The percentages of chlorides, sulphates, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites organic malier and combustible matter increase on the average in S 0.2 IJm fine suspended dust. (Third) The ash is the only exception of the previous finding. The average percentage of this constituent is 53.38 in the 0.2 IJm - 10 IJm suspended dust and 50.10 in the s 0.2 jJm fine suspended dust at the study area. This reflects the high content of 0.2 IJm - 10 IJm suspended dust of natural dust when compared with the S 0.2 IJm suspended dust. Most of natural dust residue is contained in the ash component. . However, dust resulting from man-made activities, particularly transportation activities taking place near the site still the principal constituent of suspended dust in the area selected for the construction of South Helwan Steam Power Station. This is confirmed by the clear trend of percentages of all chemical constituents of suspended dust (with the exception of ash) to increase - on average-in fine suspended dust sO.2 IJm when compared with those of 0.2­ 10jJm suspended dust. Metals in Suspended Dust Table f>..9 shows the percentages of calcium, sodium, potassium, lead, iron and cadmium in s 0.2 IJm and 2-10 IJm suspended dust. Through examining the results, It can be shown that: There is a clear relationship between the metal concentrations and the difference in the particle size of suspended dust, since the six analysed metals increase -on average- i(1 their. concentrations in fine suspended dust less than 0.2 IJm when compared wrth the average concentrations of the six metals in 0.2-10 IJm suspended dust. 157 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~.;.srv c!..w~ Q;/ This phenomenon is expected in such study, since the elemental content of particulates is surface area dependent. The ratio of surface area to volume is inversely proportional to the mean particle size, i.e. as the diameter becomes small, the surface area becomes large. Therefore, the elemental content increases with decreasing in particle sizes. Table 5-7 Average Concentration (J.lg/m3) and Percentage of S uspen d edDust atth e ProposedS' ,te Concentration Percentage Dust Size (~g/m3) (%) < 0.2 11m 155.97 41.50 0.2-10I1m 223.73 58.50 Table 5-8 Water-Soluble and Insoluble Chemical Constituents of S uspend edDt a t th e Proposed S'te, Percen tage us , Water-Soluble Matter (lifo) Water-Insoluble Matter (%) Dust Size Chlorides Sulfates Ammonium Nitrate Nitrite Org.M" Comb.M' Ash S 0.2 11m 0.84 1.96 0.21 0.29 0.09 1.76 33.64 50.10 0.2-10I1m 0.45 1.31 0.15 0.14 0.02 0.57 27.37 53.38 Note.: '(0) Org. M. = Organic Matter, Comb. M.=Combustible Matter. Table 5-9 Metals in Suspended Dust, Percentage Calcium Sodium Potassium Lead Iron Cadmium Dust Size (Ca) (Na) (K) (Pb) (Fe) (Cd) S 0.2 11m 3.16 1.52 0.39 0.02 1.27 0.002 0.2-10I1m 2.72 1.39 0.34 0.01 1.24 0.001 Notes: (0) N/D = Not Detected. Dustfalls Two samples of dustfall were collected throughout 30 days at each of the 5 locations. The rate of dustfall at each of the 5 locations was measured. Then the 2 samples collected at each location were composited and distributed into 5 sizes: 2: 90 ~m, 90-80 ~m, 80-63 ~m ,63-45 ~m and s 45 ~m. The frequency percentage of each size in each sample was then calculated as shown in Table 5-10. Each size 'was also chemically analysed and the chemical const~uents were calculated into percentages (Tables 5-11). Through examining available results, it can be seen that: (First) The dustfall of smaller sizes (63 ~m - 45 ~m & S 45 ~m) reaches on average percentage of 62.98 and highly decreases the dustfall of bigger sizes ( 2: 90 ~m & 90 ~m ­ 80 ~m) with an average percentage of 27.06, whereas the dustfall of medium sizes ( 80 ~m ­ 158 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ (;,;./~.;.srv. 63 11m) has an average percentage of 9.96. This means that the dustfall at the study area contains both small and big sizes with highly different percentages, and hence it should be treated as dust of small sizes of high percentages and medium and big sizes of less percentages. (Second) The average percentages of chemical constituents of dustfall indicate a clear trend for increasing with decreasing of particle size. This finding reflects that no interaction between natural dust of big particle sizes and dust of small particle sizes resulting from man­ made activities, particularly transportation ones taking place near the site as a source of dustfall in the area selected for construction of South Helwan Steam Power Station. Metals in Dustfalls Table 5-12 show the percentages of calcium, sodium, potassium, lead, iron and cadmium in ~90 11m, 90-80 11m, 80-63 11m, 63-45 11m and ,,45 11m dustfall size fractions. 159 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~,;.sr\.f. &.r~...u.') b;-/ Through examining the results, it can be shown that: There is a clear relationship between thEc'lncentrations of the elements and the difference " particle size of dustfall, all measured 'ents show a clear trend ",r increasing with ecreasing of dustfall particle size. This finding indicates that no in, .. ,action bet.jeen natural dust carried by wind and the local dust resulting from the human activities, particularly the transportation ones had occurred. An important factor had contributed in reaching this finding is the long period of the dustfall sampling (30 days). Generally, it can be said that the natural dust has an important role in polluting the atmosphere of the study area. It should be noted that the dustfall originates from suspended dust which remains in the atmosphere for a periods differ with particle size before it deposits on the earth's surface. Through this time, suspended dust particles are exposed to physical and chemical changes due to the prevailing meteorological conditions and chemical reactions occur for them in atmosphere. Table 5-10 Average Rate of Dustfall (in gm/m 21month) and Percentages of [ 'fferent Sizes (in ;un) at the Proposed Site Average Dustfall Size (%) Dustfall ~90 90-80 80-63 63-45 ~45 Rate (gm/m'/monthl 10.87 11.43 15.63 9.96 16.36 46.62 Table 5-11 Water-Soluble and Insoluble Chemical Constituents of Dustfall at the Proposed Site, Percentage Dustfall Water-Soluble Matter (%) Water-Insoluble Matter (%) Size (~m) Chlorides Sulfates Ammonium Nitrate Nitrite Org.M" Comb.M" Ash ~ 90 2.12 2.45 0.19 0.62 0.01 2.87 606 47.06 90-80 2.68 2.69 0.23 0.75 0.01 3.31 6.17 50.09 80-63 2.98 3.29 0.34 0.80 0.02 4.97 8.94 50.08 63-45 3.27 4.56 0.50 0.93 0.05 5.48 9.10 53.66 ~45 3.41 5.72 0.58 1.12 0.05 10.16 10.09 57.69 Notes: (*) Org. M. = Organic Matter, Comb. M.=Combustible Matter. Table 5-12 Metals in Dustfall, Percentage Dustfall Calcium Sodium Potassium Lead , Iron Cadmium Size(~) (Ca) (Na) (K) (Pb) (Fe) (Cd) 160 > 90 2,85 1,33 0,48 0,01 1,28 0,001 90-80 2,96 1,42 0,48 0,01 1,32 0,002 80-63 3,12 1,42 0.56 0.02 1,40 0.002 63-45 3,53 1,44 0.59 0.03 1,47 0,002 <45 4,41 1.63 I 0,66 0,04 1.63 0.003 Summary It can be extracted from the present study of the solid air pollutants analysis in selected area for construction of 2 x 650 M.W. South Helwan Steam Power Station that: 1. Smoke particulates ranges in size between 0.07 and 0.1 Ilm on a\lerage. 2. The S 0.2 Ilm suspended dust reaches on a\lerage 41.50 % which is high when taking into consideration its limited size range which lies between 0.2 and 0.1 Ilm. 3. Dustfall contains both small and big sizes with highly different percentages, more distribution of small sizes and less distribution of medium and large sizes 4, The concentrations of chlorides, sulphates, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, organic. matter and combustible matter increase in S 0.2 11m fine suspended dust. . 5. The concentration of ash increases in 0.2-10 11m suspended dust. 6. The concentrations of water-soluble and insoluble constituents of dustfali indicate a clear trend for increasing with decreasing of particle size. 7. There is a clear relationship between the concentrations of calcium, sodium, potassium, lead, iron and cadmium and the difference in size of suspended dust. The concentrations of the six metals increase with decreasing in particle size. 8. There is a clear trend for increasing of the metal content with decreasing of dustfall particle size, 161 5.5 AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT 5.5.1 Introduction The data on the existing aquatic environment has been assimilated from discussions with the Hydraulics Research Institute, the National Research Center, the Institute of Environmental Studies & Reaeach-Ain Shams University and a review of relevant literature, which comprised: • Prof. Dr. Khaled Abdel-Hai Ramadan, Dr. Ahmed Amin, Prof. Dr. Fathi EI-Gamal, Eng. Fahmy S. Fahmy Abdel Halim (October 2010); Field Investigation and Hydrogaphic Survey at the Site of the New Helwan South Power Plant Project, 2x650 MWe, Hydraulics Research Institute; • Prof. Dr. Khaled Abdel-Hay, Eng. Ibrahim A. EI-Desouky, Dr. Ahmed Amin and Prof. Dr. Fathi EI-Gamal (February 2011 and May 2011); Helwan South Power Plant­ Hydrothermal Numerical Model Study, Hydraulics Research Institute; and • Prof. Dr. Mohamed A. EI-Dib and others (December 2010); Assessment of Water Quality along Selected Site for the Construction of Electricity Generation Station at Helwan South, Helwan Governorate, National Research Center. The site of the new Helwan South power plant, 3x650 MWe Super Critical Project is locted at km 7.5 upstream EI-Kureimat Power Complex on the right hand side of the main road from Cairo to Beni-Sueif. It will use River Nile's water for its once-through cooling water of the supercritical plant, steam turbine generator. Water for cooling will be withdrawn from the River Nile through the intake. The plant cooling water will be discharged back to River Nile through discharge pipe to the outfall structure. Figure 5-21 depicts a general layout of the plant location. The water used by the plant includes circulating water for cooling the steam turbine condensers and plant service water. The max design flow for the intake and discharge structures is around 46 m'/s. 5.5.2 Field Measurements Field investigation works consist of three item as given below. Bathymetric Survey Bathymetric survey was carried out in the vicinity of the project area as can be seen in Figure 5-22. 162 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Gtit~ ~~.;.sr\f. Figure 5-21 Layout of the Location of New Helwan South Power Plant 163 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~...wb;-/~.;:..srv. Figure 5-22 Layout of the Surveyed Area Island 164 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv~~~.;.srv. Bathymetric survey provided the following measurements: • Detailed contour map for the study area . • Bathymetry of cross sections every 20-50 m apart in the study area. Hydrometric Survey Hydrometric survey provided the following data: • Flow velocity measurements at selected cross sections in the project site • Water level measurements at the cross sections where the velocity measurements were carried out • Discharge flow computations based on the flow measurements and cross section profiles. Bed Material Sampling Bed material sampling were carried out at the measuring velocity cross sections. Three bed samples were carried out at each cross section. The samples were analysed to obtain the grain size distribution of the bed materials. 5.5.3 Equipment Used for Measurements The equipment and instruments that were used for field investigation are as follows: • Two surveying boat, (Rubber Boat). • Five Geographical Positioning System (GPS) unites, (lecia and Trimble). • Total Stalion, (lElKA, TS 1700, SWISS). • Two levelling instruments with micrometer units, (lecia). • Two Echo sounder units, (TAMAYA TDM-9000 and Bathy-500MF). • Two units of Multi cell Doppler Profiler, (SONTEK AND ARGONAUT, USA). • Meteorological Sialion, (TAMS 9600). • GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) Manufacturer : lEICA, Swiz Model : GPS 500, 1200 and Viva Number of units: 6 units Accuracy Rapid static (phase) Static mode after initialization Horizontal: 5 mm + 0.5 ppm (rms) Vertical: 10 mm + 0.5 ppm (rms) Kinematic (phase) Moving mode after initialization Horizontal: 10 mm + 1 ppm (rms) Vertical: 20 mm + 1 ppm (rms) • TOTAL STATION Manufacturer: lEICA, Swiz Model : TC 1700 Number of units: 1 unit 165 Accyracy Angle accuracy 1.5" Distance accuracy+I-2mm 12 ppm on prism Magnification 30 x Shortest focusing 1.7 m Range1 Prism 3.5 Km • LEVELING INSTRUMENT Manufacturer: LEICA, Swiz Model : NA2 Number of units: 2 unit SpeCifications • TAMAYA TOM-9000 ECHO SOUNDER Manufacturer : TAMAYA TECHNICS INC., JAPAN. Model : TDM-9000 Number of units : 1 unit Measurement Range : 0.65m-50m (1/100), 0.65m-100m (1/200) Accyracy : ±2cm±water depth x 1/1000 Transducer Frequency : 200KHz±3KHz Direction Angle of Transducer: Half value half angle, about 3 0 • BATHY-500MF Manufacturer : SYQWEST., USA Model : Bathy-500MF Number of units : 1 unit Measurement Range: 0-300 Meters Accyracy : 0-40m (2.5cm), 40-200m (5.0cm), >200m (10cm) Transducer Frequency : (33-200) KHz Direction Angle of Transducer: Half value half angle, about 3 0 • BOATS USED FOR BATHYMETRIC SURVEYS: 1) Fiber Rubber boats Different boats will be used in the bathymetric survey with capacrty up to 7 persons, and 55 HP outboard motors. The dimensions of the big boats are: Length: 4.7 m Width: 1.9m Draft: 0.25 m Capacity: 0.7 ton Motor: 55HP The dimensions of the small boat are: Length: 3.96 m Width: 1.68 m Draft: 0.20 m Capacity: 0.5 ton Motor: 40HP 5.5.4 Methodology 166 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~~~;.,r\f. The methodology used to construct the bench marks, carry out the bathymetric and hydrographic survey and bed sampling are explained as follows: Horizontal and Vertical control • Constructing two temporary Benchmarks, (SMS) that consist of a concrete block; top area about 0.40 x 0.40 m, and 0.5 m height. The benchmarks were clearly identified by a durable identification tag securely fixed on top. o Differential Geographical Positioning System (DGPS) was used to measure the global coordinate of two constructed Benchmarks, (BMS). GPS units were placed on these BMS before starting the survey works with sufficient period for accurate detennination of their positions o The vertical control was accurately made with reference to the mean sea level. This was done by leveling between the constructed bench marks (BM1 and BM2) and the existing bench mark of EI Kurimat Power Plant. Table 5-13 presents the coordinates and levels of the construC1ed SMS. Table 5-13 Coordinates of the Constructed Bench Maries UTM WGS84 Z Point Eastin Northing Latitude Longitude (+MS 31' 12' 57.914" 8M1 326600.37 3233607.49 29' 13' 09.105" N 29.11 E 31' 13' 00.933" 8M2 326679.71 3233463.77 29' 13' 05.076" N E 36.99 167 Bathymetric and Topographic Survey o Topographic survey covered a distance of 10 km of the River Nile at the project area, see Figure 2. The topographic survey was carried out using a hand held units of the GPS. The location of the all land facilities, (roads, structures... etc), were surveyed and attached to the contour maps. o Bathymetric survey of the Nile River at the project area, (10 km), was carried out by Sounding using Echo sounder that installed on a rubber boat, (for water depth measurements), attached to a GPS unit, (for position measurements). o The surveyed area was carried out by surveying 199 cross sections perpendicular to the main river flow. The distance between the cross sections was ranged between 20­ 50m. o Intensive bathymetric survey around the existing structures within the surveyed area (groins. intakes or outfalls structures, islands, etc) was implemented. The measured data is used to develop a contour map using SURFUR software. The facilities within the surveyed area were identified in the contour maps. The developed contour map was produced with UTM coordinate system and 0.5 m contour step and finalized by the AUTOCAD software. The developed contour map is shown in Figure 5­ 23 (Measured cross-sections are provided in a separate album). Hydrometric Survey Flow Velocities and Discharges Propeller current meters were used for measuring the velocity distribution at 10 cross­ sections covering the surveyed area. The hydrometric survey is summarized as follows: o Velocity measurements were carried out at 10 cross-sections distributed along the surveyed area. • The locations of the cross-sections are shown in Figure 5-24. These cross sections were selected based on the requirements of the models calibrations. o Number of verticals in each cross section ranged between 9 t017 verticals were specified, depending on the shape and the width of the each cross section. o The flow velocity was measured at three measuring points for each vertical, (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 of the local water depth). Table 5-14 shows the computed discharges allhe selected cross-sections based on the velocity measurements. In the table Q is the discharge in m'/s and WL is the water level with respect to the mean sea level. The measured flow velocity at the measuring cross­ sections are presented in Tables 5-15 through 5-18. Figure 5-23 Bathymetry of the Nile River at the Helwan South Segment along the Western Side of the Proposed Site 168 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP &.r~ (:r:/~.:-srV 169 Figure 5·24 Locations of the Cross Sections Velocity Measurements 170 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dw'\;..i.../~ tt.-??-:> ,;.s/\J. Table 5-14 Computed Discharges at the Selected Cross Sections i Q WL Left Ban_~ (m) Right Bank (m) Location Date mJfs m+MSL E N E N Vel. 1 7/11/2010 1126.88 22AO 324240.3 3231210.2 324530.38. 3231083.9 ! Vel.2 7/11/2010 1006.90 22.19 325744.6 3233284.5 325990.00 3233128.0 Vel.3 7/11/2010 117.26 22.19 325687A 3233394.9 3233319.0 3233319.0 VelA 8 1123.09 22.14 325992.9 3233970.1 326333.54 3233804.2 111/2010 VeL5 8 549A5 21.94 327054A 3235849.8 327421.78 3235775.9 i 111/2010 Vel.6 i 8 571.82 21.94 325869.7 3236094.3 326044.10 3236117.1 111/2010 i Vel. 7 8 493.83 I 21.69 326990.2 3238949.0 327234.54 3238975.5 /1112010 Vel.8 8 569.82 21.69 326606.5 3238866.8 326941.12 3238850.6 111/2010 -­ Vel.9 8 57.94 21.69 326500.3 3238825.9 326539.51 3238849.3 111/2010 Vel.10 8 1061.96 21.59 326576.5 3240165.0 327057.12 3240142.0 111/2010 Surface Currents The surface current pattern was observed using floats that were released from the boat in several locations within the surveyed area. The float positions were recorded USing the positioning system to track the float that determined the direction of the surface current. The results of the surface current are shown in Figure 5-25. 171 Figure 5-25 Direction of Sutface Currents ~ , I ,~ \ -r 'j' \ p,p, 172 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\;.i..../~~?-::J.;:.,r\f.. Table 5·15 Velocity Distribution at Vel. 1 Dist from L.B. Oeoth Point DtDth Point Vel Average-Vet Dischare;e : m m m ml, ml' mJ/s 0.8 0.328 15 4 20 0.288 0,297 33&3 3.2 0,283 D,S Q.490 38 4 2,0 0.437 0.438 47.46 3.2 0389 1.0 0,637 59 4.8 2.4 0,589 0,589 86.73 3,8 0.541 1.2 0,799 83 6 3,0 0,770 0,750 10l.29 4.8 0.661 1.2 0,951 104 6 3.0 0,863 0858 111.51 4,8 0756 1.2 0,953 126 5.8 2.9 0.879 0,860 85.17 4,6 0,730 L2 0.990 143 5,8 2,9 0.865 0,867 84.54 4.6 0,748 U 0.961 160 5.6 2.8 0908 0,877 114,76 4.5 0.732 Ll 0964 1&3 5,6 2.& 0.913 0.905 9541 4.5 0.828 Ll 0.969 202 5.6 2,8 0.887 0,889 94,87 4.5 0812 1.0 1054 222 5.2 2.6 0.831 0.868 64.71 4.2 0756 LO 1006 237 4.8 24 0.834 0.857 97.41 3.8 0,756 O.S 0,948 263 4 2,0 0.839 0.845 45.93 3.2 0.756 0.8 0.908 277 3.8 1.9 0834 0.837 56.11 30 0.772 0.6 0.594 300 3 1.5 0.626 0,598 7,18 2.4 0,546 173 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &.;\.=.:;_/~ tf.:--.../ ~,;.sr\.f. Table 5·16 Velocity Distribution at Vel. 2 OJ••. from L.B. V.nlh Poiol Denth Point Vel. AveraleVd. Discbane ml, 3 m m m ml' m /s 0.6 0.804 18 3.15 1.6 0,778 0.724 82.57 2.5 0.538 06 0.868 53 3J8 1.6 0.786 0.766 56.45 25 0.626 0.834 76 3.2 1.6 0.778 0.772 58.18 2,6 0.701 08 0.927 97 3.8 1.9 0.820 0.811 129.95 30 0.677 LI 0.961 130 56 2.8 0.881 0.865 169.15 4.5 0.735 1.1 1.030 163 5.6 2.8 0.993 0.966 113.98 4.5 0.847 L2 1046 187 6 3.0 1.006 0.959 154.23 4.8 0778 1.2 1078 214 5.8 2.9 1.009 0.977 J3nS 46 0.812 1.0 1014 240 5.2 2.6 0.974 0.951 76.70 4.2 0.&41 0.6 0.546 267 3 1.5 0.456 0.435 7.82 2.4 0.280 174 Table 5·17 Velocity Distribution at Vel. 3 ()ist. from L.B. Denlh Point Depth Point Vel. AnraetVel. DuchaN!t m m m mls mls m'/s 0.4 0.799 15 2,2 I.l 0.703 0,725 25.63 L8 Q.695 0.4 0.770 32 2.1 l.l 0.698 0.677 36.37 56 2.4 ~ 1.9 0.4 0.621 0.727 0.670 31.70 77 2.2 l.l 0.663 0.643 21.66 l.8 0.517 0.3 0.328 101 1.25 06 0.442 0.404 1.89 1.0 OA03 175 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~b;./~.:.srv· Table 5·18 Velocity Distribution at Vel. 4 Dist. from L.B. Depth roint Depth Point Vel. A"era~eVel. Discharge m m m m/s m/s mAts 0.4 0352 19 2.15 1.1 0,227 0.248 14.03 17 0.187 I 42 2.2 0.4 0.315 0.313 21.07 LI 0.328 18 0.280 0.7 0.363 62 H 0445 GA14 48.01 0.403 0.8 0.711 85 3.8 1.9 0.724 0.714 36.15 30 0.698 09 0.818 1 97 4.4 2.2 0.788 0755 5108 3.5 0.626 .. 09 0.863 112 4.4 2.2 0.807 0793 91X 35 0.695 1.0 0.948 lJ6 4.8 24 0865 0.865 96.06 3.8 0.780 ! 0.9 1.012 160 4.4 2,2 0.839 0.875 81.84 3.5 0.812 0.9 1.012 lSI 4.4 2.2 0.871 0.896 130.64 3.5 0831 0.9 0.993 214 4.6 2.3 0.823 0.863 9&.61 3.7 0.S15 0.9 0.9S0 239 4.6 2.3 0.S20 0.851 12L65 3.7 0.786 0.9 0.945 270 4.6 2.3 0.831 0,855 148.33 3.7 0.812 1.1 0.943 304 5.6 2.8 0857 0.S56 70,81 4.5 0.767 1.0 0.943 320 4.8 2.4 0.841 0.846 90.06 38 0759 09 0.677 346 4.4 22 0.682 0.660 23.23 3_5 0.599 Bed Material Sampling A Van Veen grab sampler was used to collect the bed material samples. The bed material samples were collected at the same locations of the velocity measurements (three samples per cross-section). Analysis of samples included grain size distribution and specific weight of bed materials are shown in Table 5-19. 176 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &.r~ ~~.;.srv Table 5-19 Characteristics of Bed Sediments " .!i Sample :E ~ 'E C ~ :; E .!! No. '" G; ~ ~- c.E ~ C c_ ~ E ~ "C c c J!I 0 U);:­ u~'" u U iE ~ 0 "'~ ,,­ c­ - c _ u ~c ~.!! -~- u '5 i.!! -­ ~ .. E ~.§. :s>!£. ~ ~o: E E E E '" ~- II) u ~ ~ EO E 00: II)~ u ~ ~ u.s i5;;­ ]j 'i E 0 ~ 2 c ~ 0 C ~ I­ 0 ~ " :> :E " 1 345.18 0.224 1.279 1.385 0.850 0.986 0.239 2 466.54 0.437 1.416 1.786 0.812 1.122 0.443 3 456.82 0.519 1.540 2.158 0.742 1.007 0.514 4 513.12 0.310 1.585 1.925 0.707 0.812 0.323 5 379.06 0.190 1.399 1.837 0.785 1.007 0.217 6 586.93 0.355 1.551 1.776 0.727 0.893 0.419 7 623.81 0.381 1.446 1.864 0.778 1.010 0.388 8 651.04 0.382 1.686 2.315 0.696 0.948 0.402 9 596.23 0.338 1.540 2.007 0.740 0.964 0.350 10 299.12 0.545 1.337 1.778 0.819 1.110 0.505 11 463.010 0.647 1.239 1.531 0.851 1.013 0.641 12 446.65 0.437 1.516 1.839 0.749 0.982 0.423 13 406.87 0.290 1.456 1.750 0.784 1.012 0.305 14 585.35 0.571 1.473 2.330 0.786 1.394 0.553 15 754.07 0.423 1.467 1.755 0.771 0.994 0.430 177 5.5.5 Water Quality Measurements Water quality measurements as well as sediment sampling and analysis are available for the project location from surveys undertaken at five sample locations along the River Nile segment at the Helwan South site by the "Environmental Consultation & Water Quality Unit, National Research Center. The sample locations are determined such as Sample No.1: In front of the proposed intake of the electric generation station (shore line), Sample No.2: 100 meter upstream the intake of the electric generation station, Sample NO.3: 100 meter downstream the proposed intake of the plant (5 meter off shore), Sample NO.4: between the proposed intake and the outlet, and Sample NO.5: 50 meter downstream the outlet of the electric generation station, whilst relevant data are presented in Table 5-20 through Table 5-26. Water and sediment samples were taken on 17'" November 2010. The results of water quality determination included chemical analysis of water samples (physico-chemical parameters, concentration of heavy metals and identification 01 organic content), microbiological analysis (bacteriological examination and algal counts) and chemical analysis of sediment. Water Characteristics and Quality • Physico-chemical Parameters Table 5-20 presents the resuHs of physico-chemical analysis of water samples. The values of most parameter match the general trend of Nile River water quality. The values of water turbidity. transparency and total suspended solids are low and indicate that water is clear. Meanwhile. the values of pH. and alkalinity were almost approaching each other at all investigated sites indicating that there is no variation in the water quality of the studied water along the studied areas. On the other hand. Results of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity indicated significant variation between sites especially in sites 2 and 5. In addition results of analysis indicated that there is no significant variation between the concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, sodium, potassium, and magnesium at all tested sites. Such values represent the typical unpolluted Nile River water. • Organic Content of Water Samples Results presented in Table 5-21 reveal that the values of the COD and BOD indicated that there are no sources of organic pollution discharged at this area. Water samples collected at all sites were free from polychlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated hydrocarbons. All other organic pollutants such as phenol, oil & grease, polycyclic aromatiC hydrocarbons were recorded in low concantration while, site 2 recorded the maximum organic pollution. In general, available results revealed that the studied water samples at the studied area were clean. • Heavv Metals Content Table 5-22 shows the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples from the selected sites. The level of iron ranged between 0.0074 and 0.066 mgll. Cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and nickel were not detected in any of all water samples. The concentration of zinc in water samples was 0.02 mgll.. • Bacteriological Examination 178 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP "JJ.D ~ d.~/l~.. ~,;.srv Results of bacteriological examination of water samples are given in Table 5-23. Bacteriological indicators for of faecal pollution were detected in all water samples. Total Coliform ranged between 1.3 x 10' and 2.5 x 10' MPNl100 cm' while, faecal Coliform ranged between 5.0x10' and 7.9 x 10'. In general, the presence of both total coliforms and faecal coliforms in the water samples indicates bacteriological source of pollution. It should be noted that the Nile River water is treated via water treatment stations, purified and disinfected prior to using as a potable water distributed to the potable water networks, It is important to note, too, that this water, when abstracted by the power plant for the plant uses will be treated via plant water treatment facility, and if used as potable water, will be purified and disinfected first. • Algal Counts The general distribution of algae and their counts in water samples are given in Table 5-24. Total algal counts in water samples were ranged between 6372 and 8562 organism / ml. Diatoms represented the most dominant algal groups followed by green algae and blue green algae. That distribution of algal groups matches the general trend to be found in Nile River water. Sediment Characteristics • Organic Content ResuHs given in Table 5-25 reveal that the contents of oil and grease ranged between 296 (site 2) and 415 (site 1) mg/kg. Where, the concentration of total hydrocarbons amounted between 48.8 mg/kg at site 2 and 80.1 mg/kg at srte 1 which in convent with oil and grease content. On the other hand chlorinated hydrocarbons were recorded in all sites in low concentration. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were not detectable in all sites. • Heavy Metals Content The concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni in sediment samples are shown in Table 5-26. Available resuHs reveal that copper and nickel were present at the higher concentrations at all sites compared with chromium and lead. The concentration of copper ranged between 24 mglkg - 26 mg/kg. Cadmium was less than the detection limit in all samples. Table 5-20 Water Quality at the Project Location PhYSico-chemical Analysis of Water Samples at the Project Location (Samples Delivery Date: 17'" November 2010) Concentration Parameters Unit Site Site Site I Site Site (1) (2) (3) • (4) (5) pH - 8.2 8.2 • 8.3 8.4 8.4 Turbidity NTU 3.6 2.7 2.8 3,0 3.1 Electrical Conductivity Ilmho/cm 450 694 340 355 540 Transparency cm 50 60 60 60 60 Total Solids mg/l 286 438 216 224 336 179 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~i\..~J"'~ b;-/~.;..sr\J.' Total Dissolved Solids mgtl 246 421 198 214 304 Suspended Solids mgtl 40 17 18 10 32 Total Alkalinity (CaCO a) mgtl 134 134 132 I 134 126 Calcium mgll 31.2 46.9 28.8 30.1 38.0 Magnesium mg/l 10.7 12.1 11.0 10.7 13.1 Sodium mgtl 15 16 17 15 Potassium mgtl 5 5 6 5 I 5 Chloride mg/l 18 zz 19 20 16 Sulfate mgtl 8 9 8 12 12 Nitrate (NOaoN) mgtl 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.015 0.021 Notes: Site (1): Infront of the proposed intake, Site (2): 100 meter upstream the proposed intake Site (3): 100 meter downstream the proposed intake, Site (4): between the proposed intake and the ouUe! Site (5): 50 meter downstream the proposed,ouUe! 180 ENGTh"EERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dtv~ 2:.f.:..-/"~.;:.srv. Table 5-21 Water Quality at the Project Location Organic Analysis of Water Samples at the Project Location I') (Samples Delivery Date: 17th November 2010) Concentration Parameters Unit Site Site Site Site Site (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) COD mg02tl 21 39 8 9 30 BOD mg02tl 11.9 28.4 4.2 4.6 17.7 OH& Grease mgtl 3.2 1.0 2.3 3.1 2.6 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.Q1 Phenol Total Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic t:ft f.1g11 26.13 33.23 19.02 30.15 0.01 17.88 18.43 24.14 10.2 21.28 9.41 Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Hydrocarbons IJ,g/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D Polychlorinated Biphenyles f.1g11 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D (PCBs) Note.: (1) The same sampling points as indicated in Notes of Table 5-20. (2) ND = Not Detected. Table 5-22 Heavy Metals Analysis of Water Samples l ') (Samples Delivery Date: 17'" November 2010) Concentration Parameters Unit Site Site Site Site Site (1) (2) (3) ! (4) (5) Iron mgll 0.048 0.066 0.0074 0.013 0.0154 Manafanese mgll N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D Zinc mgll 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Cadmium mgll N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D Chromium mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D Lead mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D Nickel mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D Noles: (1) The same sampling points as indicated In Notes ofTabie 5-20. (2) ND = Nol Detected. 181 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP w~~!-;!l:;.srv Table 5-23 Microbiological Analysis of Water Samplesf'l (Samples Delivery Date: 17'h November 2010) Total Bacterial Counts, Most Probable Number 3 Cell/cm IndeX/100ml r Site No. At 22°C At 37°C Total Coliform Faecal I Coliform • Site (1) 6.4 X 103 6.6 X 103 1.6 X 103 5.0 X 102 Site (2) 1.4 X 10 3 1.4X 10 3 2.5 X 10 4 7.9 X 102 Site (3l 4,6 X 10 2 4,6 X 102 4.0 X 10 2 1.0 X 102 Site (4) 9,8 X 102 6,3 X 102 6,0 X 10 2 1,OX102 Site (5) 1,2 X 102 6,3 X 102 1,3X102 5.0X10' "Iote.: (1) The same sampling pOints as indicated in Notes of Table 5-20 (2) NID = Not Detected, Table 5-24 Algal Counts of Water Samples (") (Samples Delivery Date: 17th November 2010) Count (Organisms/mil Parameters ~~tr ~~) ~ ~i ~~i ~~te (5) Diatoms 7486 7543 6205 5763 5454 Green Algae 627 643 595 629 666 Blue-Green Algae 304 376 255 221 252 Total Algal Counts 8417 8562 7055 6613 6372 Notes: (0) The same sampling pOints as indicated in Notes of Table 5-20, 182 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ b;../~(;.srv. Table 5-25 Organic Analysis of Sediment Samples (1) (Samples Delivery Date: 17'" November 2010) ConcentratIon ~~ti ~~i Parameters Unit i ~~i ~~i ~~i Oil & Grease mglkg 415 296 i 330 400 342 Total Hydrocarbons 1l9lkg 80.1 48.8 60.2 77.2 65.8 Polycylic Aromatic fig1kg : 122 134 155 166 177 Hvdrocarbons Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Ilg/kg 11.9 3.2 i 7.1 4.7 5.7 Polychlorinated Biphenyles 1l9/kg N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D (PCBs) (ll Notes: The same sampling POlf'lts as indicated in Notes of Table 5-20. (2 ND = Not Detectecf. Table 5-26 Heavy Metals Analysis of S&diment Samples (") (Samples Delivery Date: 17'" November 2010) Concentration Parameters Unit Site Site Site Site Site (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) Copper mg/kg 24 25 26 26 26 Cadmium mg/kg < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 <0.05 Chromium mg/kg 15 14 15 14 13 Lead mg/kg 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 Nickel mg/kg 23 22 22 23 22 Notes; (') The same sampling points as indicated in Notes of Table 5-20. 183 ENGINEERING CONSULT MIS GROUP ~'\;.:i...../'...tll &;-/~.;.sr.v. 5.6 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 5.6.1 Introduction The river Nile is an old river whose basin is dominating feature of the northem quarter of the continent of Africa With extent length about 6740 km. II follows from the south at Ethiopia plateau to Egypt. The river Nile constitutes over 80 % of the fresh water resources available to Egypt; represent 55.5 million m' per year coming from the south according to the international agreement for the distribution of water resources of river Nile between countries of Nile basin. Moreover, other 8.5 million m' can be supplied from ground water and 3.7 million m' reused drainage water. Such quantities will not surely satisfy the increasing demand of water in different activities. At the north of Cairo delta barrage, the river Nile bifurcates into two branches namely Damietta and Rosetta and four Rayyahs (canals) namely EI·Nassery, EI-Behreiy, EI- Menofy and EI-Toufeky. The major sector of the studied site is located in the Kureimat region close to the River Nile; which is, consists essentially of an intensively dissected sedimentary limestone plateaus. The River Nile is one of the world's largest rivers with a total length exceeding 6625 km and its flora and fauna are part of global biodiversity. The river in Egypt has been considerably changed physically and chemically by the construction of the Aswan High Dam in 1970 and this is believed to have changed the conditions for aquatic organisms. HeJwan region lies about 30km south Cairo. At this region there are many factories which discharge their wastes in the Nile water leading to a continuous change in water quality. The main objective of the aquatic ecology study is to investigate the water ecology characteristics of the River Nile before the use of its water for cooling of the proposed electrical power station and expected the impact of this process on the water ecosystem. 5.6.2 General Field Observations The field observations that describe the general conditions of the River Nile banks investigated area are as follow: • It was noticed that large pipes established in front of the Power Station which permit inlet and outlet of water 10 the River Nile used in turbines cooling system are extended for just about 10 m off the water. These pipe effluent influences the natural movement of the currents in the area, which in turn negatively affect the distribution and abundance of the aquatic organisms in the area. • This River Nile bank is divided into three habitats; the slope, the water-edge and open­ water of the Nile. Each of these habitats has its specific flora. • The bank region is biologically deteriorated with very poor biodiversity and no sensitive ecosystems. • Very limited commercial fishing occurs in the vicinity of the project. • No protected areas for their conservation value are located on, or in the vicinity of the project area. 5.6.3 Methodology 184 The aquatic ecology of the project hinterland was generally described, This was gathered from the team previous experience in this area as well as scientific literatu reo The aquatic ecological baseline data of the site of the proposed extension of Power Plant were then gathered through field investigations, These inclUde bottom surveys of the bank, visual inspection and counting of fish species with fishermen, and collection of phyta- and zooplankton biota for laboratory examination, Water samples of 1 liter were collected and preserved immediately in Lugol's Iodine solution (APHA, 1992) in a 1: 100 ratio. The samples were examined using inverted microscope. The drop method was applied for counting and identification of different algal species (APHA 1992). Plankton samples were examined in the laboratory separately in a counting Sedgwick rafter cell, All samples were examined under the ordinary binocular microscope Identification and classification of plankton was carried out with the aid of standard monographs and publications. Benthic organisms were collected by Ekman dredge and dip net and have been recorded and identified to species or generic levels, Fish species going around has also been registered (see Figures 5-26 and 5-27). . 5.6,4 Wild Life Plants and Vegetation The macrophytes are widely distributed in the River Nile, and this distribution is mainly controlied by the water level and the degree of currents. The emergent macrophytes are wfdely spread on shallow areas of the River banks, and the boundaries of the islands as a result of the High Dam construction, However, the submerged macrophytes cover the River margins and extend to a depth of about 2 meters, such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Myrophyllum spicatum, Potamogaton pectinatus and P. crispus, The floating plant of the genus Eichhornia the most dominant in I River Nile,' 185 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP c!..t:v'\;.'i..../~~~,;:"r\f. Figure 5-26 Collection of Samples 186 Figure 5-27 Collection of Samples 187 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d..r.v'\;.:L./...tDb;-/"~.;:srv. River Nile bank ecosystem is usually divided into 3 habitats: slope, water-edge and open­ water of the Nile, Each of this habitat has its specific flora (see Tab/e 5-27 and Figures 5-28 and 5-29). Slopes of the Nile Many species were recorded in this habitat; annuals andperennials. The unique species are: Plantago major, Amaranthus hybridus, Coliandrum sativum, Gnapha/ium luteo-a/bum, Lathyrus marmoratus, Pha/aris paradoxa, Sisymblium ilio, Sonchus macrocarpus and Tlifolium resupinatum, The common species are: Phragmites australis, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Sarcocomia (ruticosa, SuaOOa vera, Sa/so/a kali. Senecio g/aucus subsp. coronopifolius and Sonchus o/eraceus, The rare species are: Paspalidium geminatum, Atrip/ex halimus, Ipomoea camea, Ranuncu/us scaleratus, Cicholium endivia subsp, pumilum, Hordeum manilUm, MOOicago polymorpha and Anagal/is arvensis, Water-edgea of the Nile Banlt; The unique species are: Clel'Cldandrom acerbianum. Sida alba. MOOicago intertexa var, cilialis, Rolippa palustris. Setaria verlicillata and Setaria viridis, The common species are: Phragmites australis. Ssrcocornia' froticosa and Azolle filicuioides, The rare species are: Halocnemum strobilecaum, Inula crithmoides. Cynanchum acutum. Suaeda maritima, Cantaurea calcitrapa, Sphaeranthus suaveolens. Tamarix tatragyna and Ammi Visnaga, Open-wider of I#Ie RIver Nile A total 01 14 species we... recor{jed in this habitat. The common species are: Phragmites australis, Eichhomia crassipes. Caratophyllum demersum, Azolla filiculoides and Echinochloa stagnina, The rare species are: Arthrocnamum macrostachyum, Sarcoccmia (roticosa, Lemna perpusi/la, Potamogeton crispus and Salsola kali, Among the noteworthy species along the Nile banks are two species that cause severe infestation to the water ditches of Egypt: 1, Phragmltes australis. An emergem aquatic that is a boon and bane to man, It causes severe infestations to the water bodies that hinders the navigation and iead to the fragmentation 01 the water body, It plays also an important role in increasing the silting process in shallow drains, On the other hand. the plant had a long history of use by man as building material for houses and rafts (e,g. Egypt), as thatching (e.g. England), fodder (e.g, Egypl and other countries). It can be used also as paper pulp and source of bioenergy. Australian and German scientists found this plant to be an effective biological filter for wastewater renovation, The plant also is a source of organic matter and safe refuge for the fish and rests for the birds particularly during winter. 2. POfamogeion pectinafulI, It is the most dominant submerged plant along the Nile bank. tolerant to wide ecological parameter variations but with a tendency or better growth in slightly brackish water .It is also a common aquatic plant in inland waters of Egypt. where it inhabits both stagnant and running waters ,This plant usually dies off in autumn, leaving the rhizomes and wimer tunons to persist in mud till the next spring when new plants start to sprout. 188 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP ~'\.;.:i./...u!l b;./~.;:.sr\J: Table 5·27 Plants and Vegetation Species Echinochloa colona Anagallis arvensis Chenopodium murale Malva parviffora Polypogon monspeliensis Reichardia tingitana Sonchus oleraceus Frankenia pulvefulenta . Avena fatua Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum Melilotus ind/cus Schismus barbatus Eruca sativa Lolium perenne Senecio glaucus subsp. coronopifolius Setaria verticillata Sisymbrium irio Brassica toumefortii Calendula aec/vDt/aca Conyza bonariensis Emex spinosa Gnaphalium luteo-album Trigonella laciniata Urospermum picroides Beta vulgaris Carex divisa Cyperus difformis Echinochloa crusgalli Hordeum marinum Juncus bufonius LO/fum multiflorum Portulaca o/eracea Rumex dentatus Trifolium alexandrinum Trifolium resupinatum Orobanche crenata Chenopodium album Chenopodium ambrosio/des Cichorium endMa subsp. pumilum Spergu/aria marina Chrysanthemum coronarium Eelipta alba AmaranthuB viridis Ranuncu/uB sce/eratus Lotus arab/cus Amaranthus hybridus 189 Species Anethum araveolens 190 ENGINEERING CONSULTAl'ilS GROUP ~l;:.:i.J~~~~\f. Figure 5-28 Plants and Vegetation 191 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &-V'\.;..'i./~~~.;.,rV Figure 5·29 Plants and Vegetation Imperata cylindrica Lemnagibba 192 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 1 Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) .}.,.,b Cichlidae Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill, 1862 .l.l..i.... i.J"~fO.;A Haplachromis bloyeti (Sauvage,1883) r.:fo i.J"~.fifo. Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) "1 LI. .J-'A'L I.T""'" Oraochromis niloticus ( L., 1757) Oreachromis aureus d.)j! ~ (Steindachner,1864) Gobiidae Pomatoschistus minutus ( Pallas ;';'.fi.>ll ,1767) 206 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~\;.:i,./.J.D ~~,;.s.-\I. Figure 5-32 (AI Common Fish Species Tilapia zillii Oreochromis niloticus 207 E;'oIGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 0:-v~~~~v. Figure 5-32 (B) Common Fish Species MugU cephallls ..s.)~ Li=a ramada • J-ij.. 208 Amphibians and Reptiles Many species of amphibians and reptiles are known from the area along the River Nile at the bank sides. Characteristic amphibians include Bufo regularis, ptychadena mascareniensis and Rana ridibunda (see Figures 5-33 "A & BI. Common reptiles include Hemidactylus turcicus, Chalcides ocelltus, Natrix tessellata, ptychadena masareniensis and psammophis sibilans (Table 5-31). Table 5-31 Reptiles and Amphibians Recorded at the Study Area Latin name Enalish name Arabic name Bufo regularis Egyptian Toad ...JIl5.li..:o Buto viridis Green Toad. ......... t.li..:o Cha/cides ace/latus Ocellated Skink ;;.;w 4,;6... Eryx jacu/us Javelin Sand Boa <.S-llj ......, HemidaC/ylus turcicus Turkish Gecko .)jlo V".)I . Ma/po/on monspessulana Montpelier's Snake <'s.Jw.;.. u~ Natrix tesse//ata Diced Water Snake ,WI~ Psammophis sibi/ans African Beauty Snake .J~I>!I Ptychadena mascareniensis Mascarene Frog ~>!Itl)o. Rana ridibunda Lake FrOQ .........1/"1)0. Mammals Rodents form the largest mammalian group of the area (Table 5-32), being represented by many species and the most common species - besides of course the normal cats and dog&­ are the FiekI Rat Arvicanthis niloticus and the Black Rat Rattus rattus, which are nocturnal and feed on vegetables and seeds. Burrows are shallow and usually under shrubs (see Figure 5-34) . • Many Foxes were recorded in areas around the River shore. Individuals and their tracks were seen throughout the area, where it seems to inhabit date and fruit groves, cultivated areas and suburban gardens, commonly seen during daylight hours. It feeds on birds, rodents and insects. It is widespread around drains of Nile banks and Valley. However, wild carnivores have suffered a great deal of decline in the recent years as a result of secondary poisoning with pesticides widely used to control Arvicanthis ni/oticus and other rodent pests. The Giant Musk Shrew; Crocidura navescens deltae, was also recorded in many areas around the lakeshore. Table 5-32 Ust of the Mammals Recorded on the RIIIw Nile Bank Arabic Order Family Species English name name Insectivor Giant musk ....J" Soricidae Grocidura flavescens . a , shrew Anderson's """:"..w Rodentia Cricetidae Gerbillus anderson! Gerbil Psammomys obesus Fat sand rat ')ytoo 209 Muridae Arvicanthis niloticus Nile or field rat J.,iJ1 )oj Rattus rattus Black rat .lJ""" j » Rattus norvegicus Brown rat <.i.J~1 ~.» Mus musculus House mouse P-.--.. Cairo spiny .....r Acomys cahirinus mouse 210 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~\:..A./~l:.:r.:-/~.;.sr\l. Figure 5-33 (A) Common Herpetofauna Jhifo regularis Natrix tessellate 211 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv'\:..l.J..ll)b;/~.;.srv. Figure 5-33 {Bl Common Herpetofauna Rona rid/bum/a Hemidactylus turcicus 212 ENGINEERING CONSVLTA1'ffS GROUP d..tv~....ti)&,;..../'"~.;:,.,r\l. Figure 5·34 Common Mammals Arvicanthis niloticus l¥1l Jj Mustela nivalis t....p) /JI'.P Ull 213 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d..w~b;./~;""\.f. 5.7 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 5.7.1 Introduction The major sector of the studied site is located in the Qarimate Desert close to the River Nile; which is, consists essentially of an intensively dissected sedimentary limestone plateaus. The formations of these limestone plateaux are mainly Upper Eocene (Bartonian) and MId­ dle Eocene (Lutenan). The former includes a series of sands, marls, clays and marty limestone which are softer, more easily eroded, and contain larger amounts of gypsiferous and ochreous materials. The Middle Eocene formations include various types of limestone which are more solid and contain a number of hard dolomitic bands. They form the main bulk of the northern limestone plateau of the Eastern Desert. This Eocene desert adjoins on its north border sand and gravel formations of the Oligocene. Palaeodeposits formed in situ cover extensive areas of the sandstone plateaux in this area. These deposits form 'erosion pav!lments described by Kassas (1953b) and Kassas and Girgis (1964), hamada desed, and rocky erosion surfaces. The sand and gravel desert that extends east of the Nile to the Suez Canal is composed of fluviatile palaeodeposits which belong to the Oligocene, non-marine Miocene or Pliocene (Shukri, 1953; Shukri and Akmal, 1953). The most pronounced geomorphological feature of the whole Eastern Desert of Egypt is its dissection by valleys and ravines. While eastward drainage of highlands to the Red Sea is by numerous independent wadis, channels of the westward drainage to the Nile Valley mostly coalesce into a relatively small number of extensive wadis. The main plain is covered by a series of silts, sands and gravel of fluviatile origin, often with a stony surface. In places, this stony surface is hurried under blown sand or washed silt. Mobile dunes of the barkhan type are sterile. The Recent deposits rest upon Plio-Pleistocene beds of limestone, shales, marts, clays, grits, conglomerates and gypsum; the Pli-Pleistocene beds form low flat -topped hills projecting through the recent deposits. These beds rest uncomfortably upon the basement complex rocks. Along the western margin of the plain, hills of Archean rocks have been reduced to plain level by erosion and are now marked by residual fragments of the undertying rock type. This forms locally a desert surface of the hamada type as distinguished from the gravel desert of the plain and the erosion pavements. The geology of the area was outlined by Abdel-Daiem (1971). Quaternary strata cover the major part of the area which have a maximum thickness of about 240 m, and are developed into aeolian sands as well as into fluviatile sands and gravels. Tertiary- strata occupy much of the area; they are essentially developed into lime facies with thin intercalations of clayey sand, and are formed under shallow marine conditions. Pliocene strata are exposed at the fringe of the Nile Valley and are referred to as marine Pliocene composed of sandy limestone and marl packed with Ostrea cucullata with a rich foraminiferal content. According to this sequence, it is postulated that arms of the Pliocene gulf that occupied the Nile Valley penetrated into erosional valleys of the main wadis, Which were originally formed towards the end of the Miocene. At the end of the Pliocene and in the Early Pleistocene continued rising of the land surface in the south and the flow of fresh water into the Pliocene gulf filled this gulf with ferruginous material. Pleistocene to Holocene times was marked by continual building of the Della, the piedmont plains and eventually the flood plains. With the advent of aridity the landscape took most of its present shape. 214 A variety of habitat types are found in this extensive desert area. These include the sand dunes, extensive area of gravel desert, and the low reaches of numerous west-flowing wadis draining the limestone. 5.7.2 General Field Observations The field observations that describe the general conditions of the terrestrial investigated area are as follow: • The terrestrial investigated area is generally characterized by low vegetation and some desert wild plants, while most of the area was planted by many crops (see Figure 5-35). • Most of habitats in the region are biologically deteriorated with very poor biodiversity and no sensitive ecosystems (see Figures 5-36, 5-37 and 5-38). • No protected areas for their conservation value are located on, or in the vicinity of the project area. 5.7.3 Methodology The terrestrial ecology of the project hinterland was 'generally described. This was gathered from the team previous experience in this area as well as scientific literature. The terrestrial ecological baseline data of the site of the proposed extension of Power Plant were then gathered through field investigations. These include habitats surveys, visual inspection and counting of fish species with fishermen, and collection of phyla- and zooplankton biota for laboratory examination. 215 ENGINEERING CONSLJL TANTS GROUP ~'\;.A../..wtr./~.;:..,r\l Figire 5-35 Desert Environment around the Power Plant Figire 5-36 Vegetation in the Studyt Area 216 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\;.A./..u!l ~~.:-srv. Figire 5-37 Different Terrestrial Habitat Figire 5-38 Plants and Vegetation in the Study Area 217 5.7.4 Wild Life Plants and Vegetation The area of the study is generally characterized by low vegetation and some desert wild plants, while most of the area was planted by many crops. Several plant communities were recognized. The dominant species include: Acacia rae/diana, Tamarix aphyl/a, Retama (Lygos) raetam, Leptadenia pyrotechnics, Launaea spinosa, Hammada e/agans, Anabasis articulata, Panicum turgidum, Artemisia judaica, Zilla spinosa and Zygophyl/um coccineum. Several species seem to have an eastern affinity and are confined to the eastern margins of the area. These include: Launaea spinosa, Blepharis edulis Convolvulus hystrix, Batteria acanthoides, Iphiona scabra, Taverniera aegyptiaca, etc. (see Figures 5-39 and 5-40). Reptiles . Many reptilian species are known to occur in this area. In the relatively flat, sand or gravel desert around the studied site, Saber (1989) listed 30 desert dwelling reptilian species. Most abundant of these were Acanthodacty/us scutellatus, A. boskianus, Trape/us flavimaculatus, Scincus scincus, Chamaelso chamaelson, Varanus griseus, Psammophis schokari, Spalerosophis diadema and Cerestes viper a. In wadis draining the limestone plateau in the northern sector of this desert, common reptiles include ptyodactylus guttatus, Acanthodactylus boskianus, Uromastyx aagyptius, Chamaelso camae/eon, Co/uber rhodorhachis, Walterinnesia aagyptia and Cerastas cerastes .In the southern part of this inland desert Ptyodactylus hasselquistii, Pseudo/rape/us sinaitus, Trapslus flavimaculatus, Uromastyx oce/latus, Mesalina guttulata, M. rubropunctata and Cerastes cerastes are the characteristic reptiles (Table 5-33 and Figures 5-41 through 5-46). Table 5-33 Reptiles RM:orded 1ft the Study Arelf Latin name Englillh name Arabic: name Acanthodactylus boskianus Bose's Fringe-toed Uzard ~.J.i... Acanthodectylus scut&l18tus Nidus Fringe-toed Uz.rd ..". .,l • HemidactyJus turcicus Mabuya qulnquetseni81a i MBbuya vittala ! Bridled Skink Turkish Gecko BeanSkink : .~ Naja h8je ; Egyptian Cobra I ",>-I.J:'p i Psammophis sibil"". sPhene!)s sepsoici&. African Beauty Snake Audouin's Skink ...... ...... J....,JI ... Birds Many birds of resident avifauna of this desert is composed of y species of 'true desert birds (Baha el Din and Saleh, 1983) , such as Hirundo rustica savignii, Motacilla flava pygmaea, Galerida cristata maculate, Lanius co/lurio col/urio, Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus, Prinia graciliS gracilis, Phylloscopus slbiatrix, Sylvia curruca curruca, Ficedula parva parva, Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe Cursorius cursor, Pterocles coronattus, P. senegal/us, Ammomanes cincturus, A. deserti, Alaemon alaudipes, Denanthe lugens, O. leucopyga, Scotocerca inquieta, Corvus ruflcollis, Bucanetes githa-gineus and Emberiza strio/ata (Tabl.e 5-34 and Figures 5-47 and 5-48). 218 Table 5-34 List of Bird Species Recorded at the Study Area [(*) Denotes the endemic species, b: breeding species) Scientific name Family English name Tachybaptus rufico/lis ruficollisb Podicipediae LitUe Grebe Ardea cinerea cinerea Ardeidae Grey Heron Ardeo/a rallo/des Ardeidae Squacco Heron Nycticorax nycticorax nycticofax Ardeidae Night Heron Ixobruchus minutus minutusb Ardeidae Uttle Bittern Egretta alba alba Ardeidae Great White Egret Egretta ibis ibis Ardeidae Cattle Egret Egretta garzetta garzetta Ardeidae UtUe Egret Anas penelope Anatidae European Wigeon Anas c/ypeata Anatidae' Shoveler Anas querquedula Anatidae Garganey Aythya ferina Anat/dae; Pochard Aytha nyroca Anatidae Ferruginous Duck . Elanus caeruleus caeruleus Accipitridae Black-Shouldered Kite Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus Accipitridae Marsh Harrier Falco tinnuniculus tinnuniculus Falconidae Kestrel Porphyria porphyrio Rallidae Purple Gallinule madagascariensisb Fulica atra atra Rallidae Coot Charadrius hiat;cola tundrae Charadriidae Ringed Plover Chafadr;us alexandrinus Charadriidae Kentish Plover alexandrinusb Hoplopterus spinosusb Charadriida9 Spijr-Wingad Plover Calidris minuta Seolopaeidae Little Stint Calidris alpina alpina Seolopaeidae Dunlin Philomachus pugnax Seolopaeidae Ruff Lymnocryptes minimus Scolopaeidas Jack Snipe Tringa totanus totanus Seolopec/dae Redshank Actitis hypo/eueos Seolopaeidae Common Sandpiper Larus ridibundus Laridae Black-Headed Gull Larus gene; Larida~ Slender-Billed Gull Larus fuseus fuseus Landae, Lesser Black-Racked Gull Larus argentatus cachinnans Laridae Yellow-Legged Gull Chlidonias hr.brida hr.brida Landae Whiskered Tern Table 5-34 (eontd.) Ust of Bird Species Recorded at the Study Area [(*) Denotes the endemic species, b: breeding species) Scientific name Family English name Chlidonias leucoptera Laridae White-winged Black Tern 219 SCientific name Family English name Sterna albifrons albifronsb Laridae Little Tern Streptopelia senegalensis Columbidae Palm Dove aegyptiaca * Streptopelia decaoclo decaoclo Columbidae Collered Turtle Dove Centropus senegaiensis Cuculidae Senegal Coucal aegyptius*b Cuculus canorus canorus Cuculidae Cuckoo Ceryle rudis rudisb Alcedinidae Pied Kingfisher Merops orientalis cleopatra Meropidae Little Green Bee- eater Upupa epops epops Upupidae Hoopoe Hirundo rustica rustica Hirundinidae Swallow Riparia ripan'a riparia Hirundinidae Sand Martin Calandrel/a rufescens nicolli*b Alaudidae Lesser Short Toed Lark Galerida cristata nigricans* Alaudidae Crested Lark Anthus ceNinus Motacittidae Red-Throated Pipit Motacilla flava pygmaea* Motacillidae Egyptian Wagtail Motacilla flava flavissima Motacillidae Yellow Wagtail Motacil/a cinerea cinarea Motacillidae Grey Pied Wagtail Lanius col/urio collun'o Laniidae Red-backed Shrike Stumus vulgaris vulgaris Stumidae Starling CoNUS corone comb< CoNidae Hooded Crow Prinia gracilis deltae *b Sylvi/dae Graceful Warbler Scotocerca inquieta in quieta Sylviidae Scrub Warbler Passer domesticus niloticus Passeridae House Sparrow Emberiza calandra calandra Emberizidae Corn Bunting Emberiza shoeniclus intermedia Emberizidae Reed Warbler Milvus migrans Mammals Rodents form the largest mammalian group of the area (Tab/e 5-3.5), being represented by many species and the most common species - besides of course the normal cats and dogs­ are the Field Rat Arvican/his niloticus and the Black Rat Rattus rattus, which are nocturnal and feed on vegetables and seeds, Burrows are shallow and usually under shrubs. Many Foxes were recorded in areas around the River shore, Individuals and their tracks were seen throughout the area, where it seems to inhabit date and fruit groves, cultivated areas and suburban gardens, commonly seen during daylight hours, It feeds on birds, rodents and insects, It is widespread around drains of Nile banks and Valley, However, wild carnivores have suffered a great deal of decline in the recent years as a result of secondary poisoning with pesticides widely used to control Arv/can/his niloticus and other rodent pests, The Giant Musk Shrew; Crocidura flavescens deltas , was also recorded in many areas around the lake shore (see Figures 5-49 through 5-53), 220 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ver maps are essential for many development projects, such these temporal maps lead to detect the historical natural and human changes. Land-use I land­ cover maps are helpful to determine quantitatively the environmental changes of both natural and human inputs. Remote sensing data are becoming important for mapping land-use and land-cover particularly for large inaccessible areas. They provide an unbiased permanent data set that may be interpreted for a wide range of land-usellan~ver (Sabins, 1997). Remotely sensed data can be acquired from various systems, with a spatial resolution that matches the degree of dataQ required for the study. The interpretation of remotely sensed data is faster and less expensive than conducting ground surveys. Furthermore, digital processing is becoming essential because as spatial resolution and spectral coverage increases, the volume of data also increases. The analysis and interpretation of remote sensing data should be supplemented by ground checks of areas that represent various categories of land-use and land-o>ver. Geographical Information System application and digital analysis of Landsat TM data of years 1987 and 2006 have been utilized in this study to recognized and defined land use in South Helwan Steam Power Plant (3x650) Mw Project area. The difiIerent steps involved in this work could be explained as follow: • Defining a comprehenSive legend according to the scale of Landsat TM image. • Field checking and necessary modification of the primary maps applying the auxiliary data and extant maps to promote the formation depicted on the land use I land cover maps. • Measurement of land unit surface by applying geographical information system (GIS) facilities to accomplish the work. 248 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6;~~ b;-/"~:rsrv. 5.8.12 Land Use·Land Cover (LUILC) Classification Scheme The produced land-uselland-cover maps of two different dates 1987 and 2006 (Figure 5-59) clearly displays the major classes of land use and land cover in the study area. The system includes all major categories of land use and land cover, and can be expanded for special situations. Basically, it could prOVide an accurate database for inventory of the existing patterns of land-uselland-cover at scales ranging from regional to local. Furthermore, image acquired in different dates for the same area may be digitally registered and compared to produce change detection images that emphasize changes in land-use and land-cover. Regulating these changes is an important action to minimize negative impacts on the environment due to the construction of the proposed project. 5.8.13 Appending GIS layers This is the final step of data automation process where all the contiguous GIS layers that have the same feature class were appended to one GIS. At this point, we are having the following final layers as shown in Figures 5-59. 5·60 and 5·61. Accurate detection of changes in the study area is h~lpful to assess the environmental status for all ecological types of both natural parameters and human activities. Land-use and land­ cover maps provide an unbiased permanent data 'lIet that may be Interpreted for a wide range of applications as well deveiopment activities.. A brief description of the main land-uselland-cover categories in the prepared maps of the study area, delineated from the interpretation of Land sat-TM images is as follows (Lotsch et aI., 2003): Urban: This GIS layer comprises urban areas of intensive land-use where much of the coastal land Is covered by buildings, structures and streets (Figure 5-(1). With the expanding urban development in South Helwan Steam Power Plant (3x650) Mw Project from year 1987 to year 2006, several other activities have been constructed particularly at the fringes of urban land along beach. Vegetation: This layer includes both lands with agriculture !,!ctivities and those with natural vegetation. Accordingly, it was subdivided into main classes, (Figure 5-(2); the vegetation of the study area is confined to the drainage system.: It shows a mosaic pattern and distinct seasonal aspects mainly due to the preponderant growth of the bryophytes' during the late winter and early spring. This aspect of seasonal phenology is not seen in the salt marsh ecosystem. Cultivated Land, this is covering big areas surrounded to the proposed study area, and with the surrounding areas under urban developments, F~ures 5-63, 5-64 and 5-65. 249 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Q-v\.:..J...../...u.:,~~~V Figure 5-59 Quantitative Measurements of the Main Land·cover Classes that are Determined from Satellite Image in 1987 -.­-­ . -­ ~-- .. .. . - --..­ :w~::-: ~-'- ...... .­ _­ at ... . 250 Figure 5-60 Quantitative Measurements of the Main Land-cover Classes that are Determined from Satellite Image in 2006 ,I -- II::=. - - - .;........-.. '.--­ - " _.l;':iV ..... _ '~. --.­ --­ I -.; -­ ;--~~-.~------'J - - - -...... - ! .- cn.·........ .­ .-... 251 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP !W!J.1 289 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.t.v~b;/~.;;.s..\.f. Table 5-39 indicates that there is moderate traffic volume on both directions by day and light traffic by night. The directional distribution of traffic for both directions is nearly 50% by day and by night. The traffic composition indicated that: 1. The percentage of pickups is dominant (58%) this is a normal phenomenon in the suburbs as this mode of transport is used to transport people as well as goods. 2. This is followed by the heavy vehicles categories including both trucks and trailers (21%), that is because the road is used for both usage transporting crops from stores to the market and transporting large boulders from quarries to places of manufacturing, 3. Then came the p,c (14%) and this is also normal as the car ownership in small cities as Kureimat and Beni Suweif is relatively low. 4. And at the tail came the category of motor cycles (7%). The daytime variations are distinctive since the volume is reduced to approximately the half at night. But it is observed that the percentage of heavy vehicles at night reaches (68%) which conforms a real threat to other vehicles using the road. It should be also noted that the road in this section although having light posts there was no light observed at night. Hence H is advised not to use the road at night as it might be hazardous to the freight and equipment transported. TraffiC composition for both directions, at day and night periods is shown in Figures 5-89 and 5-90 respectively. 290 Figure 5-89 Traffic Composition on the Kureimat / Beni-Suweif Road (Day) m, cycle 7% Traffic composition to Koraymat (day) Traffic composition to Beni Sweif (day) "'figures on pie charts snow the volume of vehicles in percentage 291 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP w\;.'i..../Jt)~~~\J.' Figure 5-90 Traffic Composition on the Kureimat I Beni-Suweif Road (Night) Traffic composition to Koraymat (night) Traffic composition to Beni Sweif (night) ·figu.-es on pie charts show the volume of vehides in percentage 292 5.10.5 Trip Time Surveys at the Surrounding Roads of the Power Plant To identify the operational characteristics of the road facing the power plant (Kureimat / Beni Suweif road). The moving observer method is used to measure the average journey time and speeds on this road. The length of section was 5.0 Km around the site. The observer car I ecorded the following data: 1- Running time at this section by using a stopwatch. 2- Manual survey of traffic volume in opposite direction of movement test car. 3- Manual survey to vehicles that overtake the test car and that be overtaken by the test car. That was done for 8 rounds for both directions of travel on Kureimat / Beni Suweif road. The results of the journey time surveys are given in Table 5-40. Table 5-40 Average Travel Time and Speed for the Selected Road Section ! Average Trip Average Speed Road Time (Minutes) (kmlhr) Kureimat I Beni Suweif road ! 3.33 90 (To Beni Suweif) Kureimat / Beni Suweif road 3.29 89 (To Kureimat) 5.10.6 Speed Analysis The video tapes recorded were used to calculate individual speeds for 150 vehicles. The resulting speeds were statistically analyzed to estimate the average travel speed along road section and to assess the variation of the average speed. Speed data is given in Table 5­ 41, while Table 5-42 presents a summary of the statistical analysis performed on the speed data. The speed distributions along Kureimatl Beni-Suweif road is shown in Figure 5-91. 293 Table 5-41 Speed Data for Kureimat / Beni Suweif Road Veh. speed. Veh. Speed • Veh. Speed I Veh. Speed Veh. Speed No. (Km/h) No. (Km/h) No. (Km/h). No. (Kmlh) No. (Km/h) 1 I 50 I 31 63.4 61 67.2 91 73.5 121 78.7 2 50.5 • 32 63.5 ! 62 67.2 92 73.6 122 78.7 3 . 50.5 I 33 : 63.5 63 67.6 93 .......------­ """"""""""""" 73.7 123 78.9 4 51.5 34 63.5 64 67.6 94 73.7 124 78.9 5 51.5 35 63.5 65 68.2 95, 73.7 125 78.9.._..... .. _ 6 51.5 36 63.5 66 68.7 I 96 73.8 126 80.4 r 7 52.6 37 63.6 67 , 68.7 97 73.9 127 80.7 8 52.7 ! 38 63.7 68 68.9 98 74.1 128 81.5 9 53.7 i 39 , 63.7 69 68.9 ._---" 99 74.2 129 81.6 10 53.7 40 I 63.7 70 68.9 100 74.6 130 81.6 11 54.1 41 64.1 71 69.1 101 74.7 131 81.6 .._ _..... 12 54.3 42 64.3 72 69.4 102 74.7 132 81.6 13 54.5 43 64.5 73 69.5 103 : 74.7 133 81.6 i 14 54.6 44 64.6 74 69.6 .. 104 74.8 134 ! 81.6 15 54.9 45 , 64.9 75 697 : 105 74.9 135 81.6 16 55.2 : 46 65.2 76 70.4 106 75.2 136 81.4 17 i 55.2 47 65.2 i 77 70.4 107 75.2 137 83.7 18 55.2 I 48 65.2 78 70.4 108 75.2 138 83.7 19 56.1 i 49 66.1 79 71.4 109 76.1 139 83.7 20 56.2 50 66.2 80 71.5 110 --_.76.2 140 85.1 21 56.4 51 66.4 81 71.7 111 76.4 , 141 85.1 22 565 52 66.5 82 73.2 112 76.5 142 85.2 23 56.5 53 66.5 83 73.3 113 76.5 143 85.9 24 56.5 54 66.5 84 73.3 114 76.5 144 90.2 25 56.5 55 66.5 85 73.3 115 77.5 145 90.2 26 61.3 56 66.7 86 73.3 ..---.­ 116 ----_........... 77.7 146 90.2 27 61.8 57 66.7 87 73.3 117 77.7 147 .. 90.3 -----~ 28 61.8 58 66.7 88 73.4 118 77.7 148 90.3 ~., 29.... 61.8 59 66.8 89 73.4 - . ._--­ 119 ..•.... --~ 77.8 149 90.3 30 61.8 60 66.9 90 I 73.5 120 , 77.9 150 90.3 294 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ... d.w\;.l../ l)(:t.;_~,;...,rv. U Table 5-42 Speed Analysis for Qanater I Khatatba Road Speed (km/h) Frequency Percentage % 50-55 15 10 i 55-60 10 16.4 ! i 60-65 20 29.6 65-70 30 49.6 _ _M J 70-75 30 69.6 75-80 19 82.8 80-85 14 92 85-90 12 100 Time mean speed km/h 70 Space mean speed km/h 68.8 85% speed km/h 80 98% speed km/h 86 Rangekm/h 40.3 I Standard Deviation km/h i 9.99 295 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\;.L/...u!l~~.:;.srv. Figure 5-91 Spot Speed Distribution 1/1 . GI i ~l00r·----------~-­ GI ::I C' f 80 r------------------~--~~ 110 'tI GI GI 60r----------------~---------------­ Co II! 'tI ~ 40 '5 E i ~ 20 +------~"'--~----.--~------.-----­ \J o:t 50- 55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 Speed Intervals [km I hour) 296 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP "i'.,s­ (.fie} ........~ ,.....,... ,,' ~ o ul~ -.- -"',­ ;1; ~ '!Dr a.,; .>".~ -,(;1 .. ......L...:L. © cJl~ 4r ..."... '-"" :;,S..,... o ~ o ~ ... ~ 299 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.;.J,../...RXl(;r.:./~.;.sr'\.f. Figuer 5-93 Cultural Legacy and Giza's most Famous Attractions (B) wt, H '-'" , \1-'"'' JU:.I Jy.. - 'ii \j ,fo, ,,~,s u,.,:. r-.l oI -: .!J:., 0 . _ U I.h. t ......... , J ·~(i' • ,ll.lJ ~IJI ul...:hJ J!y- ~ .. • J"'" I ........, I \\ . .:.;.1' ):-' '-i \ , t <';1' j J"i j ...;.,.",. , CO '"Lll JI,;u... :,>.)' 0 ~ 0 r.r- , W;­ H J..u..i ( ~ 0 I.f-' ~ ..,.L J I) J u.... t,... © i;e-:'-' .... Q ~)li.J1 .... t,... 300 ENGINEERING CONSULTAl"!TS GROUP ~'\;.A../~ 0>-/~:;.srv. 5.12 SOCIO·ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Helwan Governorate Is recently forrned as a distinct Governorate, It is separated mainly from Cairo Governorate and Giza Governorate, where most of its KIsmsi Marakez I Districts I Cities were basically affiliated to Cairo and Giza Governorates, For this reason, social and economic database is not completed yet for Helwan Governorate and many of statistical classifications are not established yet for the Governorate, However, statistics on populatie 1 were found for Helwan Governorate, In addition to a fast prepared "Data Book" for the year 2009, with linle of information about the ongoing developmental projects, In the most recent days (after political events of 11 Feb. 2011) Helwan areas were back to original Governorates of Cairo and Giza. The following section provides with all available data for the Helwan Zone as well as some other data as classified for Giza Governorate, 5.12.1 General Background Helwan Zone includes Helwan city, with its three districts; Ain Helwan, EI-Maasara and 15th of May; EI-Maady City, with its two districts: EI-Maady and Tourah; Markas Atfieh; Markaz Es-Saff; Tebbin City; New Cairo City; Badr City and EI-Shorouk City (Figure 5-94). The total area of the ex-Helwan governorate covers 903,471 km', representing 0.09% of the Republic's area, The governorate encompasses 2 marakez, 4 cities, 34 districts, 11 rural local units annexed by 43 villages, and 106 Kafrs & Ezbets (see Tables 5-43, 5-44 and 5­ 45). According to the preliminary results of the 2006 census, population is 1.7 million people; 70,6% of them live in urban areas, and 29.4% in rural areas and population natural growth rate has reached 19.3 per thousand. Beside being an agrlcunural area, Helwan is also considered an industrial one as it hosts many industries such as: Iron & Steal, Cement, basic metals, engineering and electronics, as well as mining. Moreover, the governorate hosts three industrial zones; one of them is located In Tebbin and has big Industrial companies. The other two zones are located at Maady and Helwan. In addition to that, the governorate hosts many new projects such as the under construction new Tebbin power plant of capacity 2x350 MWe. 5.12.2 Population and Demography The project site is located at the Helwan southern area, which is along the River Nile and about 7,5 km south of the EI-Kureimat existing power plant and about 12 km south of the HKureimat village and 97.5km south of Cairo. The site is an empty land area located among sandy bare, uncultivated. un-inhab~ed, state-owned land, just south of the Dayr Al-Maymun point. It is, also, located about 23.5km north of 8en~Suweif City. The site is approxirnately 12km from the nearest residential area. The total area of the Helwan Govemorate (2009) is around 903,471 km 2 i.e. 215,112 Feddans. Total population of about 1,789,880 reside the Helwan Govemorate (2009) and represent about 2.4% of the total population in Egypt The population at the Markaz Atlieh is approximately 266,970. The totel population of Ex-Helwan Governorate, including all Marakez (Tebbin, Helwan, Maady, Es-Saff, Atfeih, New Cairo City, A~Shoruk City and Bedr City) was estimated at 1,789,880 in 2009 as the first year estimate after its separation from Cairo & Giza Governorates. 301 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ b;-/~:,srv. Under the proposals set out in the Helwan area's Development Plan, the population of the Markaz Atfieh Zone is likely to increase with the development of new industrial, commercial and residential businesses, and is expected to reach 295,802 by 2015. Tables 5-46 through 5-58 show population data for the Helwan, with special emphasis on Markaz Atfleh Zone, obtained from both the Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics (CAPMAS) and the Information and Decision Support Center of the Ex- Helwan Governorate. 302 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W~ l:r.,/~.;.sr\f. Figure 5-94 Administrative Zones of the Ex- Helwan Govemorate Helwan Souree_ Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, 2010. 303 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~~~.;.s..\I. Table 5-43 Administrative Division of the Ex· Helwan Governorate Villages ! No. of No. of Cities No. of No. of Rural I Affiliated Outside Kaf.. & Marakz ~istricts Local Units! yillages Ezbets Local Units 2 I 4 34 11 I 43 o 106 Source: Arab Republic of Egypt-The Cabinet Information & Decision Support Center: Egypt's Description by Information 2009. Helwan Governorate. Table 5-44 Area of the Ex· Helwan Governorate, 2009 Item Unit Value 2 Total Area Km 903.471 T()tcI' Populated Area Km 2 519.5 Housing and Scattering Areas Km2 131.39 Facilities and Cemeteries Km 2 81.294 Ponds and Fallow Km 2 ! 85.13 Agricultural Land within Km 2 18.49 AgriculturClII3(>r~Elrs • Agricultural Land Outside Km2 44.877 Agricultural Borders Population Density in the I Thousand Persons/Km2 3.29 Populated Area ~~:~Iation Density in the Total Thousand Persons/Km2 I 1.89 Populated Area (% of Total i % 57.5 Area) I Source: Arab RepubliC of Egypt-The Cabinet Information & DeCISion Support Center. Egypt s DeSCription by Information 2009, Helwan Governorate. Table 5-45 Slums Area of the Ex· He/wan Governorate, 2009 Item Unit Value Total No. of Slums Areas Area 56 Developed Slums Areas Area 39 Slums Areas to be Developed Area 16 Slums Areas under Area 1 Development ., Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and DedsiOn Support Center, 2010. 304 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.t.v\;.lJ~ ~~,;.srv. Table 5-46 Population of Ex- Helwan Governorate, with Details on Atfieh Zone. Year 2008 Estimates (based on 1996 Census) .­Sex Area Mal•• Females ... Total % Age of I N°'1 (Capital , (Capital i (Capita) i Total I Helwan Governorate 880,692 832,586 1.:r13,278 I 100% Heiwan Marakez I Kisms/ Cities: 1 Tebbin City 35,277 33,620 f8,897 3.99% 2 Helwan Citv 376,428 363,883 7 ;0,311 43.22% 3 Moady City 87,245 84984 1;2,229 10.06% 4 Eo-Salf Markaz and City 157,910 144,894 302,804 17.67% 5 Atfieh Markaz and City 139,703 127,267 2\)6,970 1558% 6 New Cairo City 63,171 59,168 122,339 7,14% 7 AI-Shorouk City 12,211 10,359 22,570 1.33% 8 Badr City 8747 8,411 17,158 100% Source:Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010. Table 5-47 Population Projection for Entire Ex- Helwan Governorate during the Period 2009-2027 Unit No, Year 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027' PopUlation 1,713,278 1,790,375 1,969,412 2,156.506 2,393,722 Evolution Ratio 100 104.49 115 125,8 139 I (Base Year 2009=100) Source: General Organization for Physical Planning: WW\'I,gopp,gov,eg.2010. 305 Table 5-48 Population of the Ex· Helwan GOvernorate according to Final Results of 2006 Population Census by Age Groups, Dec. 2009 Less than One Year '14 5·14 Age Group No. %og.. No. %og.. No. %og.. Males 9,760 1.1 88,115 10.0 186,284 21.2 Population Females 9,515 1.1 83,535 10.0 174,846 21.0 Total 19,275 1,1 171,650 10,0 361,130 21.1 15-44 45·59 60+ Age Group Total No, %.0" No. I %.ge No. I %og.. Males 437,402 49.7 108,816 : 12.4 50,315 5.7 680,692 ~---- Population Females 426,136 51.2 98,662 I 11.9 39,892 4.8 832,586 Total 863,538 50.4 207,478 , 12.1 90.207 5.3 1,713,278 Source: Central /V;Jeocy for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS): Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009, Table 5-49 Number and Percentage of Population in Ex- Helwan Governorate in Urban/Rural according to Preliminary Results of Population Census 2006, Dec. 2009 Urban Rural Total % age of % age of % age of Number Number Number Total Egypt Total Egypt Total Egypt 1.202,395 3.8 510,883 1.2 1,713,278 2.4 Source: Central Agency foe Public IVIobilization and Statistics (CAPM.AS): Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. 306 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~\";'!'/~0:-/~.;.srv. Table 5-50 Estimated Population and their Percentage Distribution by Sex, 11112009 Males Females Total %og. 920,068 869,812 1,789,880 2,4% Source: Central Agenc( for Public Mobilization and StalisOCs (CAPMAS): Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. Table 5-51 Estimated of Midyear Population for the Ex·Helwan Governorate (1997·2008) Year 1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 , 2004 I 2005 2006 2001 2008 I - - - . . - . I . ! - . - 1,770,330 Sou....: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and StatisOCs (CAPMAS): Statist",,1 Year Book, Dec. 2009, Table 5-52 Percentage of Population and Ex-Helwan Governorate's Ranking by Census (1986·1996- 2006) Year 1986 I 1996 I 2006 Percentage of Pop, - . 2.4 1''10) I Rank I - I - I 18 Sourc.: Central Agenc( for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS): Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. Table 5-53 Number and Percentage of Population Distribution in Ex-Helwan Governorate by Sex and Sex Ratio according to Preliminary Results of Population Census 2006 Males Females Total Sex Ration fl % .geof % age of 'k age of Number Number Number Total Egypt Total Egypt Total Egypt 106 880,692 2.4% 832,586 2,3 1,713,278 2.4% (') Sex Ratio' Males I Females x 100% Source: Cent:al Agency for Public Mobiliza~on and Slatis~cs (CAPMAS): Statistical Year Book, Dec 2009. 307 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv~~~..;:.sr\..r. Table 5·54 Average Size of Household Population, No. of Persons and Sex Ratio in Ex· Helwan Governorate according to Preliminary Results of Population Census 2006 No. of Persons In Households Average SI%e of No. of Hous.holds Sex Ratio Males Females Total Household Urban 300,104 606,792 583,351 1,190,143 4.0 104 Rural 110,915 267.490 243,234 510,724 4.6 110 Total 411,019 874.282 826,585 1,700,867 4.1 106 Sou"",: Central Agen,,! for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS): Statistical Vear Book, Dec. 2009. Table 5-55 Number and Percent of Population (10 Years & above) in Ex-Helwan Governorate byEducational Status according to Preliminary Results of Population Census 2006 No. Educational Status Number Ratio % 1 327,600 24.50% 2 Read & Write 142,470 10.65% 3 Illiterate Erase 9,293 0.69% 4 Below Intermediate 288,427 21.56% 5 Intermediate 338,352 25.30% 6 Above Intermediate 40,929 3.06% 7 Unlversliv Deoro. 182,668 1367% 8 Above University Degree 7,027 0.53 9 Not Stated 0.00 0.00 Total 1,336,966 Source: Central Agen"! for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS): Statistical Vear 8001<, Dec. 2009. 308 ENGINEERLl\(G CONSULTAt"iTS GROUP c!..n:A_::':;--61J~~.;:.s..\f. Table 5-56 Population Distribution in Ex-Helwan Governorate by Marital Status according to Preliminary Results of Population Census 2006 All Urban Marriage Under I Never Married Married Divorced Widowed Contract Age , Total No. % No. % No. I % No. % No. 1% No. 306,706 i 17.9 15.117 I 0.3 j 707,990 I 41.3j 10.115 0.6 i 58,950 j 3.4 624,400 1,713,278 Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS): Statistical Year Sock, Dec. 2009, Table 5-51 Number of Internal/mmigrants to the Ex-Helwan Governorate by Cause of Immigration and Sex According to the Final Results of 2006 Census ~.~~NO. ~ Reason of fnternallmmigrati()rIJoJh~_He!~an H unling 158,900 34,100 193,000 2 i Mining, Quarrying & Manufacturir:·: 316,900 21,100 I 338,000 ! I 3 Construction & Building 224,900 3,700 "r 228,600 , I 4 Retail I> Wholesale Trade I> Repair 238,700 18,100 L 256,800 I 5 HOlels I> Res!aurants 48,900 2,300 51,200 .. 6 ; Transportation, Storage & Communications 157,800 8,700 166,500 I 7 Education 72,400 48,800 121,200 8 HeaHh I> Social Activity 26,000 26,500 52,500 9 , Services 149,700 22,400 172,100 10 I Other. 114,200 44,500 158,500 Total 1,508.400 230.200 1.738.400 Source: CAPMAS: Stalistical Year Book, Dec. 2008. Table 5-65 Registered Industrial Establishments and their Employment in Giza Governorate. 2006 Number 01 Registered No, Industrial Establishments Establishments I workers 1 Basic Chemicals & their Products 461 30,550 2 Building Materials, Porcelain, china~wares & 270 10,642 Refractories I 3 Basic Metals Products 59 5,452 4 I Metal Products, Machinery & Transport 619 48.803 I I Equipment 5 • Wood, Wooden Products & Upholstery 156 5,885 6 ~ Spinning. Weaving, Garments & leather 386 35,405 7 Paper, Paper Products, Printing & Publishing 192 11,398 ~ ... ­ -_.. ...­ ... -~~~ ... 8 Food Products, Beverages & Tobacco 598 52,714 9 ~ Other Manufacturing Industries 16 I 529 Tot.1 2,757 201,378 Source: Arab Republic of Egypt·The Cabinet Information I> Decision Support Center; Egypt's Description by Information 2007, Giza Governorate. 313 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.t.v'\;.J.../..ll!J ~~.;.srv Table 5-66 Registered Handicraft Workshops and their Employment in Giza Govemorate, 2006 Number of R.gi.te....d No. Workshops Workshops workers 1 Chemical, Petroleum Products & Rubber _._.._­ 236 277 2 No-metalic Mining Materials 0.00 0.00 3 Basic Metals 769 807 4 Metalic Products, Machinery & Equipment 539 646 5 Wood & Kork Products 718 i 779 6 Spinning & Weaving Products 227 279 7 Paper, Printing & Publishing 170 221 8 Food Products, Tobacco & Beverages 1,000 1,277 9 Other Workers 4,670 11,255 Total 8,419 15,541 Sourc.: Arab Republic of Egypt-The Cabinet, Information & Decision Support Center: Egypt's Description by Information 2007, Giza Governorate. Table 5-67 Industrial Zones - Productive Companies Associations in Giza Govemorate, 200612007 Item I Unit Value No. of Industrial Zones Zone 2 No. of Productive Factories in the Industrial Zones Factory 830 Area Allocated for Industrial Activity i Feddan 6,745 • Area Allocated for Factories Feddan 6,290 • Area Available for Allocation , Feddan 455 No. of Productive Cooperation Associations Association 35 No. of Members of Productive Cooperation Associations Member 1,423 Source: Arab Republic of Egypt-The Cabinet Information & Decision Support Center: Egypt's Description by Information 2007, Giza Governorate (Ministry 01 Trade &. Industry, 200612007). 314 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~\;.:l./~0;/~:.srv. Table 5-68 Agricultural Activity, in Ex-Helwan Governorate, 2007 Total Area of Cultivated Total Area of New Total Area of Old Cultivated Land Land Cultivated Land Markaz/ (Feddan) No. Feddan Feddan Kism 2009 2008 2007 2009 2008 2007 2009 2008 2007 1 Helwan 1364 1277 1677 0 0 0 663 1277 1677 2 Maady 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 -------­ Tebbin 144 758 992 0 0 0 168 I .. 758 992 4 Atfieh 42498 28243 25013 5680 1350 2018 22965 I 26894 22995 5 Es-Saff 45120 29093 26703 8254 2747 4106 22522 26345 22597 6 EI-Shorouk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Badr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 New Cairo 0 0 0 0 0 ! 0 0 0 .0 ....... -----­ Total of the Governorate 89126 59371 54385 13934 I 4097 6124 46318 85274 48261 Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010. 315 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dw'\..:::.:i....-~l:.t-/~~\f. Table 5-69 Agricultural Activity in Giza Governorate, Major Crops 2007 i Cultivated Area Production Productivity Item Unit I (Thousand (Production/Cultivated Area) feddans) Thousand Wheat 41,67 827,92 ! 19,87 (Ardab/Feddan) Ardabs Thousand Tomato! 40.98 784,99 19.16 (Ton/Feddan) tons , 1 I Thousand Maize 57,73 I 233,98 4,05 (Ton/Feddan) tons Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, 1/1/2008, Table 5-70 Tourism in Giza Governorate, 2007(A) No. of Hotels & Under 2 Stars Resort (Hotet& 5 Stars 4 Stars 3 Stars Classificat and less Resort) ion 75 13 9 22 19 12 Source: Ministry of Tourism - Giza Governorate Information & Decision Support Center, 1/1/2007 Table 5-71 Tourism In Giza Governorate, 2007 (8) Item Unit Value No, of Rooms Room I 9708 % of Room Occupancy % . 64,2 No,ofbeds Bed 19416 No, ofTourist Night Thousand Nights i 7028 Tourism Education: i No, of hotels & tourism schools School ! 9 No, of hotels & tourism institutes Institute 2 No, of hotels & tourism faculties Faculty 0 Source: Ministry of Tourism - Giza Governorate Information & Decision Support Centsr, 11112007. 316 Table 5·72 Construction and Building in Giza Governorate, 200612007 Item Unit i Value Total number of Constructed Housing : Units i Housing unit I 6711 Government Sector: Housing unit 0 I Low cost housing Housing unit 3064 I Economy Housing unit 0 __I Middle i .. Housing unit 0 Above middle and luxurious I Housing unit 3064 Private Sector i Housing unit 9775 Source: Arab Republic of Egypt-The Cabinet Information & Decision Support Center: Egypt's Descriplion by Infonmation 2007, Giza Governorate (MiniStry of Trade /I Industry, 200612007). Table 5·73 Construction and Building in Giza Governorate, New Cities 2006 Item Unit Value i , No. of new cities City 2 I , No. of productive factories Factory 875 I No. of factories under construction Factory I 352 No. of housing units (youth housing) Housing unit 18,796 No. of land plots allocated for household ! Plot of land 1139 housing No. of cities and villages with endorsed urban i Cityl Village 127 boundaries I Source: Arab Republic of Egypt-The Cabinet Information /I Decision Support Center: Egypt's Description by Information 2007, Giza Governorate (Ministry ofTrade /I Industry, 200612007). 317 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W~ ~.;.s.-v. Table 5-74 Investments as Employment Opportunities in Giza Governorate, 2007 Area of Investment Opportunities Investment Investment Basis and Incentives Industrial • Industrial zones in Helwan. Paper and printing. Govemorate, and plots of lands • Medical equipment and tools. provided with utilities are available for , • Leather investors. . 'I • Wood products, • Public transportation networks , t r connecting industrial zones with • Was e recyc 109 . cities and new urban communities in • Packing of food products. addition to businessmen service • Spinning, weaving and linen. centers. • Cardboard, packing and • Lands allocated for investors enjoy wrapping. the incentives provided for in the • Metal, glass, marble, granite, & Investment law. ceramics. • Abundant skilled labor, and raw • Electric appliances. materials such as: "lime stone, clay, . basalt, marble, sand, and pebbles" . • The govemorate established i Investment Services Bureau to bring' down the establishment period and . streamline investment procedures. • The governorate is currently establishin!) new industrial zon,=es"...~-+---c_ - ___~-~----c- .,-:---:--1 rA-=-g-;-ric-u-'ltu:--ra-:I-T--.--:Plain desert hinterlands for. Land reclamation and cultivation. and cultivation. • Wells digging and application of Livestock • Vegetables and fruits that are modem irrigation networks in the successfully grown in the reclaimed reclaimed lands. lands in the desert. • Cultivation of non treditional • A Network of roads connecting the crops for export. arable lands with the govemorate's • Production of processed meat. cities. • Production of dairy products. • Large number of farms for poultry • Drying and packing of food 1 and livestock breading and fattening. producls for export. •• Various sources of water. i • Highly skillful labor in the agricultural • field. • • Abundant amounts of high quality 1 -=-, I_vegetables and fruits.._ 'I' ... ~- ..- . . . '-"'~~.-- TouriSm! • Diversified tourism attractions: • Hotels and tourist villages. , pharaonic monuments, and 1 • Tourist restaurants and floating entertainment and cultural sites. ' restaurants. • A lot of monumental areas. • Development of tourist sites. • A network of transportation "land, • Curative and religious tourism. air, railway, bu~es, taxIs. . • Promotion of safari trips and • Many areas SUitable for Safan tourist sight seeing. i tourism and sight seeing tours. Source: Arab Republic of Egypt·The Cabinet Information & Decision Support Center: Egypt's Description by Information 2007, Giza Governorate (Ministry ofTrade & Industry. 200612007). 31S 5.12.4 Income Distribution and Socio-economic Profile There is no published infonnatien concerning the income distribution and socio­ economic profile of the population wHhin the Helwan area. The only available infonnation on weekly average wages by economic activHies and sector in Egypt is abstracted from CAPMAS as indicated in Table 5-75. However, fieldwork carried oul by EEHC/UEEPC & the Consultant representatives, suggests that the local population of the Helwan Zone is composed of a mix of professional and manual workers. In discussions wHh Governorate representatives during EEHCIUEEPC & the Consultant's field visHs during November 2010, IT was suggested that manual construction work is generally undertaken by migrant labor as there is little indigenous labor available (or willing) to carry out this work. Migrants, often from Upper Egypt, travel to the many places inside Egypt, including the Helwan area, attracted by the employment possibilities in the areas. They are actively recruHed from outside the area by development companies. The migrants remain in these areas until employment prospects draw them elsawhere. This migrant labor process is common in northem Egypt. All Governorate officials consulted by EEHClUEEPC & the Consultant expressed that facilities (housing, public and social services etc.) in the Helwan and Giza areas are more than adequate to absorb these migrants and they do not create any social problems in the area. Table 5-75 Weekfy Average Wages by Economic Activities and Sectol")in Egypt, 2001-2005 No~ ! Economic Activities Divisions Secto 200 200 200 200 200 r 1 2 3 4 5 1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & cutting Public 85 112 112 119 354 wood trees - Privat 70 108 78 293 105 e 2 Fishing Public 102 103 108 113 123 Privat 64 82 104 108 104 e 3 Mining & quarrying Public 276 267 263 537 390 : Privat 402 304 388 525 506 e 4 Manufactures Public: 168 173 183 219 I 247 : Privat 117 123 121 149 147 e I 5 Electricity, gas & water supplies Public: 154 177 213 I 225 267 Privat 184 152 490 : 191 387 e 6 Constructions (construction & building Public 161 170 192 256 236 Privet 140 136 1 1 176 236 e 7 . Wholesale &retail trade, repairing Public 176 ! 194 197 301 226 319 motor vehicles & motor cycles, Privat domestic & personal commodities 134 133 144 147 185 e 8 Hotels & restaurants : Public 143 216 224 189 133 Privat 108 114 116 128 I 156 e , 320 Table 5·75 (Cont'd) Weekly Average Wages by Economic Activities and Secto"')in Egypt, 2001·2005 No, Economic Activities Divisions Secto 200 200 200 200 200 , r 1 2 3 4 5 i 9 Transport, storage & communications Public. 197 209 220 149 253 , I Privat I 167 i 155 173 237 I 220 i e I 10 Brokerage Public 176 201 201 239 317 Pri;at I 381 417 513 453 514 , 11 I Real estate activity, renting & business Public 179 I 140 151 115 299 services Privat I 322 , 316 328 ~ 261 410 i e i i i 12 Education Public 60 78 i 50 58 0 Privat 91 I 98 I 86 124 93 ! e i .1 13 I Health & social work Public 90 79 95 116 43 Privat 85 79 115 85 88 e 14 I Social & personal services Public 79 , 137 125 90 I 267 i Prival I 99 100 135 140 i 133 e I Public 171 182 I 195 232 I 257 General Average Privat 138 141 149 175 i 168 e ! (0) Average wages in the first week of October each year. Source: CAPMAS, Statistical Year Book 2007. 5.12.5 Government and Public Services Potable Water Supply Tables 5-76 and 5-77 present production of refined and non-refined water in Giza in 2005/2006, Table 5-78 shows water resources and distribution of potable water in Helwan in the year 2008 and Table 5-79 gives useful details on supply and consumption of potable water. The Nile river is the principal source for potable water for the entire Giza and Helwan. Nile river freshwater canals are the principal source of fresh water in Giza and Helwan Zones. The Helwan water stations provide the entire area with actual capacity of abou1997,580 m3/day (Table 5-78). The total potable waler consumption for the whole area, including the Southern Zone of Atfieh. is 852,000 mO/day. 321 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP av\:.l.../....t.Db;/~.;s..\I. The percentage of households with access to potable water reaches 99.3%. The per capita potable water consumption in Helwan reaches an average of about 1.26 liters/day. Tab/e 5-79 provides with useful details on supply and consumption of potable water in Giza Govemorate in 2006. Sewage System Table 5-80 lists the evolution of sanitary average capacity and actual drainage capacity of main stations during the period 2003-2006. Table 40 presents sanitation capacity in the Helwan Zone. This capacity reached 830,000 m3 /day in 2009. Table 5-81 shows that the average per capita sanitary drainage capacity for Giza districts in the year 2007, including that of Atfieh Zone, is 192.4 liters/day/person. The total sanitation capacity of Giza Governorate was 1,207,000 m3/day in 2007, while the Govemorate's actual drainage of sewage stations owned by city councils totaled 254,382,000 m3 in 2006. Table 5-83 gives 2006 estimate for buildings distribution by connection to public utilities (water and sanitary sewage facilities) in Giza Governorate. The proposed power plant will dispose its sanitary wastewater - after necessary treatment - into the drainage system already in service in the Helwan Zone. Table 5-76 Production of Refined Water in Giza Governorate, 200712008 Unit of Production' 103m3 No. Producing Authority Parameter Value No. of Stations 20 1 City Councils Production 61,941 No. of Stations 2 2 New Cities Production 89,331 3 I Water Companies & I_--:..N::;;o.:...O=.;f....:S:.:;ta::.:t"'iio,;,-ns"-----I _ _ o~.0;;.:0;.-_--1 _ : Organizations ... - - ' - " - - - - - ' - ' - - - - - - - - ­ Production' I No. of Stations I 0.00 22­ Production 151,272 Total (Total) Production 2% (% age of all Egypt) (*) Includes exported water to City Councils. Source: CAPMAS, Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. 322 Table 5·77 Production of Non-refined Water in Giza Governorate, 200712008 Unit of Production- 103m3 No. Producing Authority Parameter Value No, of Stations 0 1 City Councils Production 0 i, 2 • Water Companies & No, of Stations 2 ~-.-l()rganizations Production i 3,912 i No, of Stations & Pumps 2 Production(Total) ! 3,912 Total Production (% age of all Egypt) I ::0 Source: CAPMAS, Statistical Year Book, Dec, 2009, Table 5·78 Distribution of Potable Water in Helwan's Marakez, 2008 Total Total Per Capita Per Capita r Actual Actual Water Water : Markazl Population Production Consumption Production Consumption Town of Water of Water (m 3/daY) (m 3/day) (m 3/day) I (m 3/day) 1,Helwan 376,428 206,160 195,810 0,55 i 0,52 2,EI- 172,229 70,420 75,230 0.40 0.44 Maady I 3,Atfieh 266,970 153,000 139,540 0,57 0,52 4,Es-Saff 302,804 178,400 162,200 0,59 0,53 5,Tebbin 35,277 208,100 174,220 5,89 4,94 6,New 122,339 Cairo 7,Badr 17,158 181,500 105,000 1,12 0,65 8.EI- 22,570 Shorou ! i k ._ - ­ c-'_. ---­ Average Average Total 1,713,278 997,580 852,000 I 1,52 1,26 Source: Information Center, Ex- Heiwan Governorate, 9/10/2008, 323 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\;;./.J..0~.;.sr\J.' Table 5-79 Supply and Consumption of Potable Water In Giza Governorate, 2006 Item Unit Urban Rural Total Production of Potable Water 1000m'/day 1,547 500 2,047 Consumption of Potable Water 1000m'/day 1,463 417 1,880 % age of Household with access to % 99.4 96.9 98.4 Potable Water Pep Capita Potable Water Consumption Liter. I 398 0.6 299.7 day/person Per Capita Potable Water Production Liter. 420.8 192.6 326.3 day/person Source: CAPMAS Statistical Year Book 2007 - Ministry of Housing Utilities & Urban Development, 2007 - Giza Governorate Information & Decision Support Center, 1/1/2007. Table 5-80 The Average Capacity of Sewage Stations!' Owned by City Councils (Municipalities) and their Actual Drainage in Giza Governorate, 200312006 Capacity: 10'm3/hr Aclua10' ralnage: 10"m No. I Capacity Year Value 2003 1,312 2004 5,002 1 Average Capacity 2005 4,261 2006 4,747 2003 416,151 2004 241,792 2 Actual Drainage 2005 243,792 2006 254,382 (*) Data restricted to main stations only. Source: CAPMAS, Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2008. Table 5-81 Sanitation System in Giza Governorate, 2007 Item Unit Value Sanitation Capacity 1000m'/day 1,207 Per Capita Sanitation Capacity Liter. day/person 192.4 % age of Households with access to % 69.3 Sanitation Source: CAPMAS Statistical Yea, Book 2007 - Ministry of Housing Utllities & Urban Development. 2007 - Giza Governorate InfOfmation & Decision Support Center, 11112007. 324 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv'\;:i.../~~.;:sr\l. Table 5·82 Sanitation Capacity In the Helwan Zone during the Period 2007·2009 Sanitation Capacity (10' m'/day) No. MarkazlCity 2007 I 2008 2009 1. Helwan 336.14 I .. 340.00 420 2. EI-Maadt 90.04 98.00 230 r 3. Alfieh 0.00 I 0.00 ..- ~ .. 0.00 ..­ 4. Es-Saff 000 I 0.00 0.00 c.....5. Tebbin 322.50 . _.._I " - _ ........ _ - . - - 324.00 ­ .......... 50 ._._­ ~ 6. .. New Cairo .­ I 7. 8adr , 48.58 50.00 ! 130 8. EI-Shorouk _ __.. ... , Total 797.25 812.00 830.00 Sou",e, CAPMAS: Stabstical Year boal<. Dec.. 2009. Table 5·83 Distribution of Regular Buildings by Connection to Public utilities (Water & Sanitary Sewage) In Helwan Zone according to Preliminary Results of Population, Housing & Establishments Census, 2006 Unit· No Connection to Public Category Unit Value Utilities Number 184,382 Public Network % 88.8 I Number 3,930 Water Other I % 1.9 : Number 19,355 Nil % 9.3 , Public Netwo~ Number i , 98,171 % 47.3 Sanitary Sewage Other ~ Number % 98,454 47.4 Number 11,042 I r .. ­ Nil r------.--..- -..- . -..- - . ­ 0/0 5.3 Total No. of Building i 207,667 Sour"", CAPMAS: Statistical Year book, Dec. 2009. Electricity and Natural Gas Table 5-84 gives basic energy data for Giza Govemorate (including Es-Saff and Atfieh) in terms of number of subscribers in both the electricity network and natural gas services as well as the electricity consumption Tables 5-85 and 5-86 give some details on the electricity supply and consumption. Table 5-87 gives information on power generating facilities in service today 325 in the Helwan Zone. Tables 5-88 and 5-89 provide with more details on city gas services and connection to both natural gas and electricity public utilities. Figure 5-95 shows the existing electrical facilities for the entire Helwan area in 2010. Figure 5­ 96 also shows how the proposed power plant will be connected to existing electrical facilities running around the site and supplying all industrial, commercial and residential demands located in the Ex- Helwan Governorate and connected to the unified power grid. Table 5-84 Energy Data for Giza Govemorate, 2006 Item Unit Urban Rural Total No. of Subscribers in the Electricity 1000 Network Subscribers - - 2,524 No. of Subscribers in Natural gas 1000 Services Subscribers i - I - 365.2 I Total Electricity Consumption M kWh/year 7,330 1,148 8,478 I Electricity Consumed for Lighting M kW/year 5,006 1,096 6,102 i Electricity Consumed for Industrial ! M kWh/year 2,324 52 2,376 Utilization Per Capita Consumption of Electricity for ,~ , "person 1,361.8 422.1 972.8 Lighting Source: The Cabinet Information and Decision Support Center: The Egypt's Description by Information 2007, 7fu Edition. Table 5-85 Number of Subscribers and Electricity Consumption in the Ex- Helwan Govemorate during 2007-2008 Electricity Total Electricity Number of Consumed for No. MarkazlCity Subscribers Consumed Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center; November 2010. 326 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6t~ (;,;./~.;.srv. Table 5-86 Electricity Consumption and Number of Subscribers in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2008 Electricity Electricity Consumed for Number of Consumed in No. MarkaziCity/Oistrict Subscribers Lighting Industry (Million kWh/year) (Million kWh/year) Ain Helwan District Helwan EIMMaasara 165685 324.166 45.218 1. District City 15'" of May 127211 213.061 16.662 District EI- EI-Maady District 2. Maady 217069 66.263 184.029 Tourah District City 3. Atfieh Markaz & City 61774 91.258 5.200 4. Es-Saff Markaz & City 85131 125.526 12.180 5. Tebbin City include in Helwan data 6. New Cairo City - - - 7. Badr City - - - 8. EI-Shorouk City . - - - Total 656870 1421 263.289 .. Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and DecIsion Support Center, November 2010. Table 5-87 Power Plants in the Helwan Zone, Year 200712008 Commercial Installed Location Total Energy Power Plant Operation Capacity (Site) Generated (GWeh) Date (MWe) expected energy to New Tebbin Tebbin 2011-2012 690 be generated is 2x345 4,000 Steam (1) 2x627 1998-1999 1254 9,235 Kureimat C.C. (2) 1x750 2007-2008 750 3,820 C.C. (3) 1x750 2009 750 1,543 Source: Annual Report 2007/2008. Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC). Table 5-88 Natural Gas Subscribers in the Helwan Zone, 2007 No. MarkaziCity/Oistrict Number of Subscribers Ain Helwan District Helwan 43650 EI-Maasara District 1. City th 15 of May District 14596 EI-Maady EI-Maady District 22417 2. City Tourah District - 3. Atfieh Markaz & City - 4. Es-Saff Markaz & City - 327 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP c!.tv~ &:-/~.;.srv 5. Tebbin City - 6. New Cairo City 8871 7. Badr City ­ 8. EI-Shorouk City - Total 89534 Source: Information Center, Ex- Helwan Governorate, 1/1/2009. Table 5-89 Distribution of Regular Buildings by Connection to Public Utilities (Natural Gas & Electricity) in Giza Governorate according to Preliminary Results of Population, Housing & Establishments Census 2006 Unit· No Connection to Public Category Unit Value Utilities Number 10,098 Connected % 4.9 Natural Gas Number 197,569 Not Connected % 95.1 Number 193.072 Public Network % 93.0 Number 1,229 Electricity Other % 0.6 I Number 13,366 Nil % 6.4 Total No. of Buildings 207,667 Source: CAPMAS: Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. 328 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ci.w\;.:i./..tlJ~,2::l ~v. Figure 5·95 Electrical Network of the Ex· Helwan Governorate Region, 2010 TO A.Lf4hD.l-lw.: SHARQIYA GOVERNORATE TO CAIRO 500 SUEZ GOVERNORATE i Holdit'lg ComPQI'IY Network 2010 GEN. HEL'NAN GOVERNORATE. • T'i(OIJoIAl P$ - !t.()(»(V T.L UIoV::O.1HERIoiAL PS =: ~~ 1~~ T.L S ", OU.II P,S --- 220KV 0<8!,.E$ ~" 1»i.CQ.2,tII(\( • 5001220 K y suo - 66KV U. -""'" • 220/66 •.¥ sus .-.,., UN, co. G6KV BEN. SUEF • Milt K", Stm - Gt:N. GOVERNORATE - fII)R{l(R Source: Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC): Geographic Information Center, 2010. 329 Figure 5-96 Future Electrical Network of the Ex- Helwan Governorate Region, 2015 TO A. Ltv-IDM,,": QAlU08IYA GOVeRNORATE SUEZ GOVCRNORATE S.(gizo s.) BEN! SUEF EAST Source: Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC): Geographic Information Center, 2010. 330 Health and Education Main medical facilities in the Ex- Helwan Governorate consist of 8 public and central hospitals, 2 hospitals belong to the Ministry of Health, One University Hospital, 4 Police and Prison Hospitals and one specialized hospital. The hospitals collectively support approximately 2,368 beds, they are well equipped for most types of surgery and convalescence and are staffed by more than 889 physicians, 261 dentists and 1,495 nurses covering ali medical specializations, Many other private hospitals, clinics, kidney washing facilities and physical therapy units are distributed over the Helwan area, Additional heaHh care services in the Ex- Helwan Governorate include, also, 63 private sector hospitals, 46 emergency centers and points, 44 ambulances, 39 urban health units, 57 health care units, 80 family planning units/centers, 37 child care centers and 15 health outreach offices shown in Tables 5-90 through 5-95, Table 5­ 96 gives the number of pharmacies in Giza Governorate, including Es-Saff and Atfieh, and Table 5-97 shows main health care indicators, The educational status of the Ex· Helwan Governorate population is partially classified yet and the Giza Governorate data, which incorporates southern area of Es-Saff and Atfieh, is given by Tables 5-98 through 5-112, The educational facilities (governmental) available within the Ex- Helwan Governorate include 8,332 classrooms for Nursery (ages under 6), Elementary schools (age 6-12) for both boys and girls, Preparatory (ages 12-15) and Secondary (ages 15-18) schools, in addition to 12 Vocational Education Centers, Table 5-101 gives more details on the undergraduate education in Ex- Helwan Governorate, Tables 5-102 & 5-103 give data on technical and vocational education in Helwan Governorate, Tables 5-106,5-107 and 5-108 summarize AI-Azhar Education in 2008/2009, Finally, Table 5­ 99 and Table 5-100 give some details on high education in Giza Governorate in the year 2007/2008, 331 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~~.;.s.-\f. Table 5-90 Hospitals belong to the Ministry of Health and Public, Centrals and Specialized Hospitals in Ex· Helwan Governorate, 2010 HO$pitals belong to the Public Hospital. Central Hospitals Specialized Hospitals ~~~~~Ministry of Health MarkazlCity ~ No Beds. No Beds. No i Beds. No Beds. 2008 i 2009 2008 I 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 Helwan 1 i 26 2 472 0 0 1 322 r-~ - i-­ ----­ - I---~~~ EI-Maady 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~~~~- ---­ i Atfieh ~ ~ ~ 0 0 0 0 1 ~~~- 95 ------­ 0 0 '"~~~ ~~ Es-Saff 0 0 i 0 0 1 139 0 0 ~ ~~~ Tebbin 1 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~- New Cairo 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 , 0 ~~- ~~-~~ -~~ i Badr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r~~~~~ -----­ f--~ ~-- EI·Shorouk 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 0 Total 2 0 54 i 0 2 0 472 0 ~~_~~ 2 ~~L~~ 0 i 234 0 1 ~~ ~ 322 ~~_~~ ~~~L~~~~ 0 Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010, 332 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6ti/\.~~~\f. Table 5-91 University Hospitals, Police & Prison Hospitals, Railway Hospitals, Other Hospitals and Private Sector Hospitals in the Ex- He/wan Governorate, 2010 M_~ University Hospitals Police & Prison Hospitals _ Railway Hospitals _ Other Hospitals Private Sector Hospitals ~ 1_ =1= =1_ =1 _ _ lti9 Helwan o 1 0 120 0 0 0 I 0 o! 0 0 0 0 1 0 600 43 I 42 756 717 .... ........ ········"---1-1 EI-Maady 0 0 0 0 4 0 240 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 485 485 I Atfieh 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' o o o o 010 Es-Saff 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 51 I 51 I Tebbin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 I New 0 .... ~...;!; 0 0 I Cairo . o o o o o o o o o o 010 ..•....... ...._ _. . . . .. Badr 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 o I 0 I 0 o o o o o o o o 010 EI­ o o o o Shorouk 010 o I 0 I 0 o o o o o o o o o 010 Total o I 1 0 I 120 4 I 0 240 I 230 I 0 o o o o I 1 o 600 I 64 63 1292 I 1253 Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010. 333 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dtv'\.;:i.../.ll)0;/~;.sr\J. Table 5-92 Educational Hospitals and Institutions, Medical Institutions and Health Insurance Hospitals In the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Eduoational Hospitals Eduoationallnstitutions Medicallnslitutlons Health Insurance Hospitals MarkazJClty No. ! Beds No. Beds No. Bed. No. I Beds Taos . "2009' 2008 2009 2008 2009 . 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 ' 2009 I 20013' 2009 Helwan a a 0 0 0 0 1 232 -----­ - .. -­ -_. - I EI-Maady 0 i 0 a 0 1· 182 0 0 __i - -_.- _.-. . Atfieh 0 0 I-­ 0 .-- f--- . 0 .- 0 0 I - .---.. 1-...----._ ... 0 0 -----­ ----­ , .­ Es-Saff 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c± .­ ----­ Tebbin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --- ­ 1--' New Cairo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --­ - .­ ----­ .­ ---. ..­ Badr 0 0 0 +-~- 0 0 0 0 -­ ---­ - I-­ .­ ----­ ---1­ EI-Shorouk 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 Total (I 0 I 0 0 (I 0 0 0 1 I 0 I 182 0 1 (I 232 0 Source: Ex· Heiwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center. November 2010. 334 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'l:;.iJ...t0~~~\.r. Table 5·93 Health Care Units, Urban Health Centers, Family Planning Units and Ambulances in the Ex· Helwan Governorate, 2010 H.alth Care Units Urban Health Centers Family Planning Units Ambulances MarkaziCity I 2007 I 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 I 2008 2009 Helwan 0 , 0 8 12 ! 13 18 8 6 19 8 I 8 9 E~Maady 0 i 0 1 1 4 5 5 4 =:t ~~ ... ---~ ~- - -­6 = 1 2 ---­ 4, ~7 7~ Affieh 11 13 15 0 1 18 16 16 ~ ~ ~~ - Es-Saff 21 23 25 0 1 28 25 26 2 ,2 10 ------ :­ - Tebbln 1 1 3 4 5 6 6 5 1 1 , 2 .. ----­ ~. ~-- New Cairo 0 I I 0 I : 5 6 ~~~--+~ 6 6 6 6 4 1 4 -----­ 4 Badr 0 0 1 2 :) 1 8 6 1 2 2 2 -----­ I -----­ -~~ ~~-~~ -~~~~~~ . f---~-~ f-~~-~ f---~ . EI-Shorouk 0 0 I 2 3 3 3 6 6 3 2 2 2 Total 33 37 57 26 30 39 85 76 80 32 32 44 ~-' ­ Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010. 335 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d,.w'\.:;;L/J.J.!) ~~~v. Table 5·94 Number of Physicians, Dentists, Pharmacists and Nurses in the Ex- He/wan Governorate, 2010 No. of Physicians No. of Dentists No, of Pharmacists No. of Nurses MarkazlCily 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 i Helwan 321 58 99 51 318 372 57 51 73 423 423 535 - - - EI-Maady 75 I i 75 44 31 ... 32 32 ~. . 12 12 14 115 115 48 Atfieh 180 132 157 10 10 20 21 21 13 392 392 350 ----­ ... ! Es-Sall 241 198 171 19 19 22 31 31 12 545 545 397 ..­ .. _ .... - ..... .­ 11 Tebbln 62 62 ------­ .- !... 21 13 13 10 10 7 99 i 99 47 ... New Cairo 71 78 78 48 47 47 12 12 26 68 68 I 68 Sadr 10 10 10 3 3 3 3 3 2 19 I ! 19 19 ------­ EI-Shorouk 34 36 36 27 27 27 7 7 17 31 31 31 Total 991 912 889 206 209 261 147 I 147 164 .­ 1692 . . .­ .. 1692 1495 Source; Ex~ Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010, 336 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ ~.;.s,v Table 5-95 Number of Pharmacists in the Ex- He/wan Governorate, 2010 Urbani Number of Active Markaz I City Rural Pharmacists Ain Helwan District 61 Helwan City EI-Maasara District Urban 7 15 of May District 22 EI-Maady District 12 EI-Maady City Urban Tourah District 2 Urban 4 Atfieh Markaz & City Rural 8 Es-Saff Markaz & City Urban - Rural 15 Urban 10 Tebbin City Rural - New Cairo City Urban 33 Badr City Urban 5 EI-Shorouk City Urban 6 Total 185 Source; CAPMAS: Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. Table 5-96 Number of Pharmacies in Giza Governorate, 11112007 Unit· No General Cooperative Treatment Egyptian Compo Category Pharmacies Pharmacies Pharmacies Pharmacies Number 2,770 18 16 0.0 Egyptian Compo Storage % age oftotal Category Night Service Total Branches Pharmacies Egypt Number 3 37 9 2,853 10.4% Source: CAPMAS: Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. 337 Table 5·97 Health Care Indicators for the Giza Governorate, 2007 Indicator Unit Value No, of Inhabilanls per bed Inhabitant/Bed 528.3 No. of Working Physicians Physlcian 4,541 i No. of Inhabitants per physician In ha btla ntlphysician 1,381.3 No, of Working Dentists Dentist 657 No, of Working Pharmacists Pharmacist 355 No. of WorKing Nursing Staff Nurse 5,536 No. of Inhabitants per Nurse InhabitantiNurse 1,133,1 No, of Inhabitants per pharmacy Inhabitant/pharmacy 2,237.0 No. of Beneficiaries from Health Insurance System 1000 Beneficiaries 3,097 No, of Patients Treated at the State Expense (in Egypt) 1000 Persons 69,92 Total Medical Treatment Expenditure at the State LE. Million 75,06 Expense (in Egypt) No, of Mobile Clinics Clinic 25 No, of Ambulance Ambulance 103 No, of inhabitants per Ambulance 1000 Inhabitant! Ambulance 60.9 Prevalence of Contraceptives % 68.0 No. of Family Planning Units Unit 241 Source: Ministry of Heath and Population-Governorate Infonmation & Decision Support Center, 1/1/2007. Table 5·98 Education & Scientific Research in Giza Governorate, Literacy. 200712008 Itom Unit Male. Females Total No. of targeted illiterates Thousand persons - - 48,6 No, of enrolled in literacy classes Thousand persons 18,5 16,6 351 Enrolled (% of I.rgeted iIIiterales) % - - 72.2 No, of literates Thousand persons 9.3 8.5 17.8 Lilerates (% of enrolled) % 50,2 51.2 50.7 Illileracy rale (10 years+) % - - 26,0 Source: The General Authority for Adult Education, 200712008 and CAPMAS "According to Census Preliminary Results, 2006" 338 Table 5-99 Education & Scientific Research In Giza Governorate, Higher Education, 200712008 ~ " Item Unit Value No. of faculties ! Faculty 40 No. of institutes ! Institute I 27 Total no. of students Thousand students 225.9 Females (% of total students) % 44.8 Total no. of faculty staff members Thousand staff members 7.7 No. of students per faculty staff Student! Staff member 29.5 member I i Females (% of total staff members) I % ! 37.7 Source: Ministry of Hlgher Education & the State for Scientific Research - AI-Azhar University 2007/2008, Table 5-100 Education & Scientific Research in Giza Governorate, Research Centers, 200712008 " Item .. Unit I Value No. of research centers Centre 82 Ministries research centers Centre 60 Universities research centers I Centre 22 Source: Ministry of Higher Education & the State for Scientific Research 2007/2008, 339 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\.:;;i./..u::,~~.;s.\f. Table 5·101 Teachers and Pupils of the General Education in the Ex· He/wan Governorate, 200712008 Unit: No Governmental Private Educational No. of Teachers No. of Pupils No. of Teachers No. of PupilS Stage - --------- Rate rl Rate Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Pre·Primary 13 381 394 7,390 6,514 13,904 35.5 22 796 818 6,313 5,414 11,727 14.3 (Kindergarten) ... ..­ .._­ Primary 2,575 4,160 6,735 109,603 101,251 210,854 31.3 532 1,815 2,347 20,547 18,113 38,660 16.5 Preparatory 2,233 1,974 14,207 44,191 42,297 86,488 20.6 614 648 1,262 7,876 6.629 14,505 11.5 Secondary 1,238 837 2,075 10,624 11A13 22,037 10.6 384 308 692 2,197 2,000 .._ 4,197 .._--_ .. 6 . (*) Rate = Students per Teacher Source: CAPMAS: Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. 340 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv~ ~~.;srv. Table 5-102 Pupils In Technical Education in the Ex· He/wan Governorate, 200812009 Unit· No Governmental, or No. Specialization Number Privale Governmental 10,129 1 Industrial Secondary Private - Total 10,129 , Governmental 2,867 2 Commercial Secondary Private 4,217 Tolal 7,084 3 Agricultural Secondary (") 225 Total 17,438 (*) There is no private agricultural secondary education. Source: CAPMAS: Statistical Year Book, Dec. 2009. Table 5·103 General Education - Number of Schools and Classrooms in the Ex· Helwan Govemorate, 2010 Number of I Markaz I City Number of Schools Classrooms ZOQ1-l01a 2008-200. .mos·tOiO %(107·2008 2003·2001 200&"2010 15~ of May Urban 81 I 86 41 724 768 I 514 ~ .. I Urban 110 i 118 11 1092 I 1193 I 169 Atfleh Markaz & City , . Rural 145 153 94 1271 1354 I 1364 Tebbin City Urban 25 i 27 30 361 ! 402 I 654 Es-SaI! Markaz & City Urban 29 I 29 54 359 ! 339 I 695 Rural 135 , 140 57 1225 1260 893 New Cairo City Urban 60 77 75 473 552 869 ... ~- I . ­ -­ I EI-Maady City Urban 144 143, 47 1735 1745 i 931 --'-" Helwan City Urban ;~-~.­ 117 -- --- .~'"- .. ­ 3115 -_.. --. ~---- ~2243 .-_. . . . - - - Badr City Urban Included in New Cairo r­ EI-Shorouk Cfty Urban Included in New Cairo Total 996 1045 .. 526 10355 I 10733 I 8332 Source: Ex:~ Herwan Governorate" Information and DeciSion Support Center, November 2010 . 341 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ ~:;.srv. Table 5·104 General Education - Number of Pupils (Males & Fema/es) in the Ex· He/wan Governorate, 2010 .. ~ ... ¥v.'of pltnU"" Number of pl!pil",. Markaz I City Males -r Females 15~ of May Urban 12117 12764 8646 11521 12250 8128 ~ 3mE~ ~. I Urb.n 16278 17757 Atfiah Mark., & City Rur.1 24127 25920 Tabbin City I Urban 8713 10179 14293 7705 8993 16797 Urban 6078 6270 12874 5331 5409 11564 Es-Safl Markaz & City Rural 24630 25465 17344 22298 22869 15201 New Cairo City Urban 6177 9182 16573 2859 8238 15631 EI-M••dy City Urban 34691 34471 19445 33787 33720 18831 HelwanCity Urb.n 70366 71949 46924 67220 68367 47259 B.drCity Urban tn~I',n"" in New Cairo EI-Shorouk City Urban Included in New Cairo Total 211479 ! 219059 165723 191126 203533 159001 ,vv. .v; Ex- H.lw.n ,am "~"' t Center, ,2010, Table 5·105 Genera/ Education - Number of Teachers (Males & Females) in the Ex· He/wan Governorate, 2010 Number of Teachers- Number of Teachers-Femafes Markaz I City 15~ofMay Urban 479 446 464 1033 1080 784 Urban 792 9W f8 1920 1980 41 Atfieh Markaz & City Rural 912 1304 972 289 I 588 360 Tebbin City Urban 305 292 771 300 303 540 ~ 41 ~ ~ Urban 343 Es-Salf Markaz & City Rural Urban 600 891 815 794 886 iC 1211 New Cairo City 520 602 EI-Maady City Urban 1832 1609 1244 2560 2572 1207 Kalwan City Urban 2338 2256 1544 3462 3373 2534 Badr City Urban Included in New Cairo EI-ShorouK City Urban Included in New Cairo Tota' 8121 8620 6922 11603 11961 8446 • Ex- Helwan GO,e' "u, "'C, I and Decision Support Center, November 2010. 342 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6.r~ b;/~.;.srv. Table 5-106 AI-Azhar Education - Number of Schools and Classrooms in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Number of Markaz I City Number of Schools Classrooms 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2007_2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 th Urban 16 15 0 109 113 0 15 of May' Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 2 3 0 14 19 0 Atfieh Markaz & City Rural 36 38 0 259 271 0 Urban 1 1 0 12 12 0 Tebbin City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 8 11 0 59 86 0 Es-Sall Markaz & City Rural 31 30 0 214 213 0 Urban 8 8 0 55 112 0 New Cairo City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 19 17 0 154 164 0 EI-Maady City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 25 25 0 234 253 0 Helwan City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 EI-Shorouk City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 Badr City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totat 146 14B 0 1110 1243 0 , , Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate. Information and DecIsion Support Center, November 2010. Table 5-107 AI-Azhar Education - Number of Pupils (Males & Females) in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Number of Pupils- Number of Pupils- Markaz I City Males Females Urban 1732 1586 0 1E178 1964 0 15~ of May Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 293 331 0 158 251 0 Atfieh Markaz & City .ural 4795 4902 0 4324 4623 0 rban 225 212 0 174 165 0 Tebbin City ural 0 0 0 0 0 rban 895 113, 1914 0 Es-Saff Markaz & City New Cairo City ural ban Rural =Wl 0 15'0 496 0 0 3690 1030 0 3311 2234 0 0 0 0 Urban 3'38 341)7 0 2030 2275 EI-Maady City Rural 0 ( Urban 3, 1L 35' 11 ,!2 76, 3666 Helwan City Rural C -­ 0 ( Urban 0 0 0 ( EI-Shorouk City Rural 0 C 0 0 ( 0 Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 Badr City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 20923 21930 0 1B727 20403 0 'vV' : Ex- Helwan I I and i t Center, 2010, 343 Table 5-108 AI-Azhar Education - Number of Teachers (Males & Females) in the Ex- He/wan Governorate, 2010 Number of Teachers- Number of Teachers~Females Markaz / City Males 2001·2003 ......... 2001-2010 z007..zo:03 2~·;t()Og 2009.2010 15'" of May ~~. 109 I 98 245 I 255 I Rural 0 0 0 I 0 , Atfieh Markaz & City Urban 17 16 0 5 I Rural 351 326 I 97 67 I Tebbin City Urban 6 9 13 23 , Rural 0 0 0 0 Es-Sall Marka, & City .. Urban ~~"""" _ 169 .. 32 75 204 23 129 23 146­ ~ ........ Rural "".~ ....-­ Urban­ 21 88 150 281 New Cairo City , Rural ii-­ a 0 a Urban 274 225 353 248 EI-Maady City Rural a 0 0 : 0 , .... Helwan City Urban 271 I 395 430 420 i Rural 0 0 0 0 I Urban 0 0 0 0 EI-Shorouk City Rural 0 a a a Urban 0 0 0 0 Badr City Rural 0 if , 0 0 Tolal 12501438 ! 0 1440 1488 0 Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate. Information and DeCISIon Support Center, November 2010" Table 5-109 Number of Private Schools in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Markaz I City No. of Private Schools , 2007·Z043 2ooa'2OOS 20ot·2t10 15~ of May I Urban 9 12 6 I Rural a 0 0 • Urban 0 0 0 Atfieh Markaz & City i Rural 0 0 0 ~r·· 3 3 0 Tebbin City 0 0 0 , Urban 9 8 6 Es-Saff Markaz & City . Rural 0 0 0 i Urban 100 103 111 New Cairo City I Rural ._.... 0 0 0 Urban __. _ Badr City _. .... Rural Urban ~ ........ including in New Cairo EI·Shorouk City Rural , EI-Maady City Helwan City ~~n Rural Urban Rural 85 0 87 0 J 81 0 87 0 ~~ ....76 0 76 0 Total 293 294 275 Source. Ex- Helwan Governorate. Information and DeCISion Support Canter, Novembar 2010 344 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'l;:L/...u:Jl:f.:/~..;:.srv. Table 5-110 Number of Technical Schools in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Markaz I City No. of Private Schools 2007.2008 2008-2009 2009·2010 Urban 4 4 3 15~ of May Rural 0 0 0 Urban 2 2 4 Atfieh Markaz & City Rural 4 5 6 Urban 1 1 2 Tebbin City Rural 0 0 0 Urban 4 4 4 Es·Sall Markaz & City Rural 0 0 0 Urban 1 1 1 New Cairo City Rural 0 0 0 Urban Badr City Rural including in New Cairo Urban EI-Shorouk City Rural Urban 4 4 3 EI-Maady City Rural 0 0 0 Urban 13 13 12 Helwan City Rural 0 0 0 Total 33 34 35 Source: Ex- HeJwan Governorate. InformatIon and DeCISIon Support Center, November 2010. Table 5-111 Number of Cooperative Schools in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Markaz I City Number of Cooperative Schools 2007·2008 2008·2009 2009·2010 Helwan City Urban o o o Rural o o o EI-Maady City Urban 4 B o Rural o o o Markaz Atfieh Urban o o o Rural o o o Markaz Es-Saff Urban o o o Rural o o o Tebbin City Urban o o o Rural o o o New Cairo City Urban o o o Rural 0 0 o Badr City Urban 0 0 o f~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I_R~u",r..,al,--______ I 0 0 o EI-Shorouk Cily a -R-urar---- ---t-----O - Urban ---0--­ 0 o o Total 4 8 o Source. Ex- Helwan Governorate. Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010. 345 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~"l:.J-/..tt>0;/~.;:s..v. Table 5-112 Vocational Training Centers in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 , Capacity of I No. of No. of No. of Training Markaz I City UrbanI Rural Trainees. Trainees- Centers Centers (Males) (Females) (Trainee) Ain Helwan District , Heiwan City EI-Maasata District Utban 7 1123 1665 15'" of May District EI~Maady District EI-Maady City T ourah District Urban 2 309 I - 600 Atfieh Markaz & City Urban - · - . f---­ ~~-. Rural Urban 1 " · 228 . - - 440 E$-Saft Markoz & City Rural - - " -.~-- Tebbin City Urban 2 27 - 2660 New Cairo City Urban " - - - ---­ Bad, City Urban - . ---­ ---­ -,---­ -~-----. EI-Shorouk City i Urban - · - - Total 12 1687 310 5365 Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010, 346 Communications and Transporlation Table 5-113 lists the available communication services in Giza Governorate and Table 5-114 gives the evolution of telephone density in Giza Governorate during the period 2002-2006. Giza Zone includes 80 Telephone Centrals and about 1,529,000 telephone lines. The Govemorate is currently in the process of providing additional telephone lines for about 12,175 list-waited customers. Table 5-113, also, gives the total number of working post offices, where 223 post offices provide the entire Giza Governorate with posting services. Tables 5-115 through 5-119 provides with some useful details on communication services in Giza Governorate. The transportation network available within the Giza Governorate includes 1,718 km main paved roads, and 200 km un-paved ones. About 11,239 buses run within allover the Giza Governorate. A total of 475,000 licensed vehicles provide transportation services in the Giza Governorate, out of them about 288,517 private cars and 31,818 taxis. Tables 5-120 through 5-124 give some more details on transport services in the Giza Governorate. Security and Tribunals The Giza Governorate Comprises 34 Districts, 12 Kisms (Police Divisions) and 51 shiakhats (Police sub-divisions). There are police points also available and extinguishing centers served by extinguishing cars and extinguishing taps. The Giza Governorate has 3 tribunals located at Giza District. Table 5-125 gives the administrative and municipal data for Giza Governorate as of 2007. Table 5-113 Communications Services in Giza Governorate, 2006 Item Unit Urban Rural Total No. ofTelephone Centrals Central 35 45 80 No. of Telephone Lines 1000 Lines 1,212.4 317 1,529 Telephone Density line/1 00 'persons 33 12.2 24.4 No. of Working Post Offices ~.~. Post Office 95 128 223 ~- C--" No. of Inhabitants per Post Office 1000 inhabilanVPost Office 38.7 20.3 28.1 No. of Information Technology Clubs Club - - 152 Source: Ministry of Communications & Information Technolo9Y, 1/1/2007. 347 Table 5-114 Evolution of Telephone Density in Giza Governorate, 2002-2006 '1 UnI: L'Ine1100I persons Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Telephone Density of Giza Governorate 22.6 24.9 25.3 25.2 24.4 Telephone Density of Total Egypt 15.3 16A I 17.1 17.7 18A Souree, Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, 11112007. Table 5-115 Basic Communication Services in Giza Governorate, 2006 Facilities & Subscribers Number Total Communicalions: • Telephone Centrals 68 959.239 • Subscribers 1,227.155 • Available Telephone Unes 12,175 • Wait-listed Subscribers Public Telephones: 282 • Egyptian Company for Communications 2,997 • Menatell (Co.) 76 • Telephone Offices 161 • Telex Offices 1,587 • Nile for Communications (Co.) Post OffIces 185 Source: Infonnation Center, Gila Governorate, 916/2006, Table 5-116 Distribution of Communication Services in Es-SaH and Atfieh Zones, 2006 Telephone Central Communication Service , MarkazlTownl No. Automatic Half-Au1omatlc Telex Card District Number Capacity Number Capacily Numbers Numbers • 1. Eo-Saff 6 21,536 - - - 57 2. Atfeih 7 17,600 . - - - Total 13 39,136 - . - 57 Source, Information Center, Gila Governorate, 9/612006. 348 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W'\.:..J.../~ tt.:-/ ~.:;.srv. Table 5-117 Distribution of Telephone Services in Es-Saff and Atfieh Zones, 2006 Available Waite·listed Subscribers TOlal Number of No. Markaz/Town! District Telephone WaitinH for Population , Subscribers Paid Fees Lines Payment 1. Es-Saff 12,985 1.428 Open 2. Atfieh 22 9,703 828 Open Total 22,688 2,256 Source: Information Center, Giza Govemorate. 91612006, Table 5-118 Telephone Centrals and Lines in the Ex- He/wan Governorate, 2010 No. of' No. ,f' •Lines Markaz I City Urban 7 7 0 399748 179079 Helwan City Rural () ......... 0 0 0 0 Urban 11 11 0 131700 131700 246895 EI-Maady City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 1 1 i 1 0600 6600 2450 Mark"" Affieh ,ural 6 6 i 0 15528 15528 6400 Jrban 1 1 0 11100 11100 4800 Mark"" Es-Saff '{ural 5 5 0 19543 19543 11660 Jrban 1 1 0 23192 23192 24892 Tebbin City Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urban incloding in HelWan City 0 0 New Cairo City inc!vding in Helwar. City Rural 0 0 Urban including in Hetwan City 0 0 Badr City including in Helwan City Rural 0 Urban 0 0 EI-Shorouk City lnekJdlng in HelWan City inClUding in *lWan City i Rural 0 0 Total 32 32 1 607411 607411 476176 i Ex- Heiwan Governorate: Information and Decision ~"_PV" Center, Noverrber 2010, Table 5-119 Governmental Post Offices in the Ex- He/wan Governorate, 2010 Governmental Post Offices Markaz I City 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 , Helwan City I Urban 35 38 38 I ... -... -~ -----­ ---_. EI-Maady City Urban 11 11 5 - - Urban 1 1 1 - --------­ ___ M _ _ _ _ _ •• Markaz Attleh Rural 12 13 13 -----------------------------­ Urban 1 1 1 Markaz Es-Saff Rural 17 18 18 _._. __. Tebbin Cily Urban 4 4 4 New Cairo City Urban 4 4 5 BadrCity Urban 1 1 3 EI-Shorouk City Urban 2 2 2 Total 88 93 90 349 Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center. November 2010. Table 5-120 Transport Services and Roads in Giza Governorate, 2006 Item Unit Value Length of Paved Road km 1,718 Length of Un-paved Roads Km 200 No, of Inhabitants per km of Paved Roads : InhabitanVkm 3,651.1 % age of Paved to Total Roads % 89.6 No. of licensed Vehicles I 1000 Vehicles 475 SourGe: Ministry of Trenspon - General Authority for Roads & Bridges - Ministry of Interior, 1/1/2007. Table 5-121 Evolution of Ucensed Vehicles in Giza Governorate, 2002-2006 Unit 1000 Vehicles Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 No. of Vehicles 419.2 397.7 409.7 433.1 475 Source: Ministry of Transport - General Authority for Roads & Bridges - Ministry of Interior, 11112007. Table 5-122 Length of Roads in Giza Governorate, 301612007 Unit· km No. Attribution Road Spec, Length of Road. Les than 75m 0 7.S-12m 600 1 General Authority for Roads & Bridges More than 12m 348 Total 948 2 Local Administration Local Paved Roads 914 3 Un-paved Roads Total 142 Total 1,862 I Total Paved (Asphatled) Roads % age of total Gov. 89.6 Source: CAPMAS: Stat,shcal Year Book, Dec. 2008. Table 5-123 Number of Ucensed Vehicles in Service in Giza Governorate. up to December 2007 Unit' No No. Type Number 1 Private Cars 288,517 2 Caravan 313 3 TaXI 31,818 I Public 734 I Private 3,396 4 Buses : Tourism 1,035 : Travel 50$8 i Schaol 1,006 350 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &;\.;;..:L./.JJ!l~~V 5 I Commercial & Temporary 682 6 ' Customs Plates 0 7 I Public Sector 6,099 8 Buyer's Cars 331 Source: CAP MAS: Stalistical Yea' Book, Dec 2008, Table 5-124 Number of Licensed Vehicles in Service in Giza Governorate, up to December 2007 Unit' No No, Type Number 1 LOrr~ ~-.---~ ..--­ 68,616 2 Trucl< 3,567 3 Tractor 622 4 Motorcvcle ... 78,444 5 Diplomat (Political Authority) 0 6 Government 7,828 7 Governorate 3,329 Total 162,408 % age of all Egypt 10.2% S"urce: CAPMAS, Staltstlcal Year Book, Doc, 2008, Table 5·125 Administrative and Municipal Sections in the Ex· Helwan Governorate according to the Administrative Units Directory, 2009 Unit· No No, Administrative & Municipal Sections Number 1 't"v, of Administrative Cities 4 2 No, of Districts 34 3 , i~o. of Kismis (Poiice Division) 12 4 No, of Shiakhals'" (Police sub-Division) 51 5 No, of Marakoz 2 e--;;-" No. of Provincial Municip;3i Units 106 6 7 No. of Administrative Vmages 43 8 Cities of New Communities 2 9 Nominal Units 11 (1) Number of Shiakha includes port police administrations following the Authority of Ports Security, Which are four (4) administrations. (2) Nomina! units are areas which their administrative entities are not determined and no administrative reso!utions have been issued regarding these units as they are considered villages. Source: CAPMAS: Slatislical Year Book, Dec, 2009. 351 Social Services and Social Care Community Services Units registered in the Ministry of Social Solidarity in Ex- Helwan Governorate totaled 50 associations in 2007/2008, while Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) reached 824 in 2008/2009. Expensed sum for cases benefitting from social insurance was 12.89 million L.E. in the year 2008/2009 distributed on pensions, monthly aids, previous workers, child pension and disaster sufferings. Number of physio-therapy centers and kindergartens of the handicapped and other beneficiaries in Giza Govemorate reached 3 centers, which served 474 beneficiaries by the end of 2007. Also, athletic establishments totaled 237 in the same year. Tables 5-126 through 5-144 give useful information about social services. including guidance and family consunation offices and lodges in expatriate houses. Table 5-126 Community Associationsi") Registered in the Ministry of Social Solidarity distributed by Activity in Giza Governorate, 200612007 Unit· No Childhood Household Social Anecdotage Special National Societies & Maternity Care Aid Care Groups Number 73 52 573 11 56 Cultural, Scientific & Organ ilatlon & National Societies literature Activity Reilaious Manaaement Number 1,307 0.00 7 Prison Family Communities Societies Social Environment Economic Household Planning Friendship Oevelopment , Defense Protection Oevelopment Care 2 0.00 0.00 323 I 5 48 34 More than a Field of Consumers Protection Othe... Total Work 6 10 0.00 2,507 (*) Including all national societies registered by Ministry of Social Solidarity, Source: CAPMAS: Stalistieal Vear Book, Dec. 2009. 352 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~b;/~.::.srv. Table 5-127 Solidarity and Child Pension and Other Ass/stances In the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Solidarity & Child Pension Other Assistances Total No. of Total lota. Total MarkaziCily No. of No. of ExpenditlJ(es: EXr('ldftures Expenditures Beneficiaries . tEGP) Beneficiaries BenefiCiaries • (EGP) , ~GP) Helwan 200812009 200812009 200812009 :::-1 3719 4129680 227 266700 3946 4396380: EI-Maody . 1010 1148400 97 115152 1107 1263552 Alfieh 6331 1055581.4 579 696936 6910 1752517.4 Es·S.ff 3997 4442484 212 253800 4209 4696284 Tebbin 657 697428 60 85560 717 782,988 i New Cairo 0 0 0 0 0 0 8adr 0 0 0 0 0 0 EI-Shorouk 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 15,714 11,473,573.4 1,175 141,814.8 16,889 12,891,721.4 - Source: Ex~ Helwan Governorate. informatIon and Dec!slon Support Center, November 2010. Table 5-128 Number of Nursery Houses and Number of Children in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Markaz I City No. of Nurser Houses No. of Children 2007 I 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 I , i~, He/wan City ! Urban 111 109 33 2834 i 2874 EI-Ma.dy City Urban i 70 I 68 : 10 1739 1764 :1211 8 8 440 448 . Urban i i 0 i ~ Markaz Affieh I Rurat 12 12 4 933 : 367 --'~-- Mark.z Es-Saff Urban 13 i 13 5 698 ,708 560 Rural 78 78 1 5383 5457 34 _---_.... _ .... i .... ~. .-.~ _. Tebbin City . Urban 8 I 8 appurtenance 660 .. - 669 1558 New Cairo CIty Urban including In Helw.n .. 1 0 including in He!wan 0 ------- Badr Clly Urban l'1cludlng In He!w&n 0 including ir Helwan 0 ----~-.--- '-._­ --~.---- .. .--­ ~.-- - 1---­ EI-Shorou' Cily Urban mcilKiing In Helwan i 0 including in Helwan 0 Total 300 296 53 12674 12853 : 7430 Source. Ex- Helwan Governorate. Information and Dee,slon Support Cenler. November 2010. 353 Table 5-129(A) Number of NGOs and Social Services Units In the Ex- He/wan Governorate, 2010 , No. of Social Services Markaz I City NO.ofNGOs Units 200S120G7 I 200712008: 200812009 200&12007 20011200:8 I 200812009 Helwan City Urban 456 407 407 22 23 17 I EI-Maady City Urban 140 122 144 7 7 I 3 Urban 4 4 I 64 1 1 8 Markaz Attieh ----­ Rural 58 50 - 7 7 - Markaz Es-Saft I Urban 20 20 I 84 1 1 9 Rural ! 61 55 8 8 - - Tebbin City i Urban 55 43 58 3 3 3 New Cairo City Urban including in Helwan 32 including in Helwan 4 ... ~~- Badf City Urban including in Helwan 7 including in Helwan : 2 EI-Shorouk City Urban , including in Helwan ! 28 including in Herwan 3 Total 794 701 824 49 50 49 .. Source: Ex~ Helwan Governorate. InformatIon and DeCISion Support Center, November 2010 . Table 5-129 (8) Agricultural and Other Specialized Associations in the Ex- Helwan Governorate, 2010 Cooperative Agricultural Other Specialized Associations MarkaziCity Associations 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 Helwan 0 0 1 0 0 0 EI·Maady 0 0 0 0 0 0 Affieh 20 16 21 10 10 5 Es·Saff 17 20 18 2 2 12 Tebbin 0 0 1 0 0 0 New Cairo 0 0 0 0 0 0 Badr EI·Shorouk 0 0 - 0 ----.-~ 0 ~- ' - - -..... 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... _ .... 0 i 0 Total 37 36 41 12 12 17 .. Source: Ex· Helwan Governorate. Information and DeCISIon Support Center, November 2010. 354 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6:v~J.l)~.;.srv. Table 5-129 (e) Active NGOs in the Field of Environment and Development in the Entire Helwan Area, 2010 Sr. Department Unit Association Month Phone # Add 1'11$$ Fields of Work Noof AssoclaUon Activities ~ Association T • 1 Helwan Social Hetwan,l" AI-Safaa Charily No. 4540 Date 2617f1996 5567199 17B- Abdel Rahman - Cuttural, Scientific, Members 5 - Cash aM In-Kind I Devel~.!'Ient ,. Care Department Association St., Helwan and Religious support Services, Social Aid, . Hajj, Minor Hajj, and Religious seminars - Q.I1lanizi~fairs 2 Hetwan Social Helwan, 1 Environment 4401 2116/1997 5575520 3, Hayd2; St., I- Environment 15 - Tree-Planting ,/ Department Development Helwan Development - Cultivating Gardens - Cuttural, Scientific, - Establishing factory for and Religious garbage recycling Services - Raising-awareness 3 Helwan Social Helwan, 1 Local Communrty 2779 281711980 - Building of Political - Family, Child, and 9 Seminars - Nursery ,. Department Development (North of Club Mother Care - Hajj and Minor Hall Helwan) - Social, Cultural, - Cultural Trips Scientific, and - Social Aids Religious SeNices, Environment Protection 4 Heiwan Social Helwan, 1 Orphans' Support and 2661 15/1011979 Abu Dharr AI-Ghiffari - Social Aids 9 - Cash and In-Kind ,/ Department Environment Protection _ Scientific and support tor Cleaners Religious SeNices - Orphan Support - Hajj and Mionor H-L 5 Hel'oNan Social Helwan, 1 New Baby Garden for 4692 281512000 5547201 31, Khesru 5t. - Family, Child, and 5 - Nursery ,/ Department Local Comm'Jnlly Mother Care - Orphanage Development - Cuftural, Scientific, and Religious SeNices 6 Helwan Social Helwan, 1 Social Care 1981 14/4/2000 7645549 34 AI-Maraghy 5t. - Disabled and Special 9 - Hajj and Minor Han ,/ Department Needs Care - Nursery - Family, Child, and - Training Center and Mother Care Children's Library - Old Age Care - Infant Nursery - Family Planning and Local Community Development Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: Information and Decision Support Center, November 2010, 355 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~b;-/~~\!, Table 5-129 (el (eontd.) Active NGOs in the Field of Environment and Development in the Entire Helwan Area, 2010 s,. I [)c!partment Association N•. D... Phone # Address Fields or Work Mamb--­ I Association Aenv!Ues 1A Aj-Qebly St., Famlly, Child, and n Heiwan MmherCare Old Age and Special Needs' Care Community Development, Economic and --I- ~~:;~~aland ~~_~erviCe$ ~I Akls 5 Oepal1ment Community 1 AI-Sekka AI-Hadid Cultural, Scientific, Development (West of Railways) and ReligIOUS . Hail and Minor Hajj Market. Behind the Services Graveyard Building Social Care for Helwon 2380 2em1992 ~Me.. 5!xl18es --1!i-Yussef St, AJ· Cultural, -­ ---9­ Culturifsemfn3rs Se1entific, 1 Department Oistnct OffICe Staff MU$enin (Senior'$) and Reli!}ious Graveyard Building Club, Helwan Serviees Child Care EstabliShing NUl'$ery Helwan. St., Helwan Services -Fighting PoUutlOn 7 Emaret Tree-Planting In Comballng (Cairo Bl,Iikling), PubUc Places and Poiution HeMla'n Squares Seminsl'$ for Wasle Problem-SoMng for Processing the people wastePt'l:lCessmg Ex­ November 2010. 356 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP <:!..:t.v~b;-/~.;:.,rv. Table 5·129 (e) (eontd.) ActiVe NGOs in the Field of Environment and Development in the Entire He/wan Area, 2010 Month No of A5sociation T~pe s" o.p.rtment Un. AssociatIon Phone # Address FleldsofWo~ Member.. Anoelatlon Activities OevelopmentClIIIro 13 I No, 5736 I Dale ScientifIC. Religious SSQ5 4453 - -4437 '" ".-n..,;an Social Dep.t!lrtment Eastern HeM-an Deveiopmef"li Environme.'1t and New Communities 1,. -h.,;;.,. Department Social Eas1em H.lwan - Development Environment and New of 2512 Eastern Housing HelWan Communities 20 HeIWan SOCial Eastem AI-Masrya fOf Forests ""oIding Conferences 7 Department H,_ and Environment Compound 3, .nd Seminars fm Amencan PtOject Environment Devalopment Source: Ex- Helwan Governorate: information and Decision Support Center, November 2010, 357 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~'\;.:i./J£)2:t.:-/~.;.sr\f. Table 5·129 (el (Contd.) Active NGOs in the Field of Environment and Development in the Entire Helwan Area, 2010 Sr. 21 Deplrtment Hefwan Social Unit Easlem Southern A$sociat\on CJ;liro for No. 4&17 Month Date 111311999 Phone # Addres$ Apt 4, Entrance 2, Fields of Work Environment Noot MembefS 11 Auoclatlon Activities Publishing a AxlsoeiatiOn T Devel~.nt '7­.c.,. Department Helwan Communrty ServICe and Compound 9, Protection Newspaper Environment Amenean Project Cultural, ScientifIC, Supporting Sma~ I CO",PQWiJo. 1513 w Figure 6-3 (AI Receptor Map Used for Air Quality Modeling (MM5 Nested Areas) [The modeling domain covers the area between Longitudes 22°-40° E and Latitudes 21°-35.5° N] Figure 6-3 (B) Receptor Map Used for Air Quality Modeling (MM5 Nested Areas) [The modeling domain covers the area between Longitudes 30.65°-31.77° E and Latitudes 28.65°-29.8° N] ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 391 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 All this process use well-known wireless frequencies and is opened to every country. Egypt has 104 different meteorological stations of different types. Meteorological station observes every 12, 6, 3 or every one hour and any observation should be done within the last ten minutes of the previous hour. In addition to ground observations there are meteorological ships, rockets, aircrafts. radars and satellites observations. All available data are being collected and processed for quality assurance in the global centers. The Global center in Washington. which is called National Center for Environmental Predictions (NCEP). continue proceSSing on the global observation and produce global forecasts covering ten days and make the first five available on the internet to be used by regional and local centers for more accurate processing and predictions. NCEP broadcasts global model outputs as girded data to be used for initial and boundary conditions by World Area Forecast centers WAFS. The WAFS's horizontal resolution is 1.25° in latitude and longitude (at Equator) on 12 standard vertical pressure levels. MM5 Nest and Areas Setup MM5 is run on 1-way nested regional and local meshes. The resolutions of the regional and local meshes are 30km and 10km, respectively. The regional modeling domain, Figure 6­ 3(A). covers the area from 22°E to 40° E longnudes and from 21°N to 35.5°N latitudes. More attention is paid to a local area surrounding the Power plant location as an internal nested domain. Figure 6-3(8) show the Local area which is bounded by. longitudes 30.65°: 31.77° E and latitudes 28.65°: 29.8° N. The vertical resolution is 32 levels between ground surface and 1OOHPa (-16km aloft). Modeled Time Span The modeling exercise covered a three years starting Jan 1st and ending Dec 31", 2007, 2008, 2009. The meteorological inputs were prepared for this time frame using MM5 meteorological model. CLIMATE AND DISPERSION METEOROLOGY The key parameters affecting dispersion of air emissions are summarized below. Dry Deposition is the removal of gaseous or particulate material from the pollution plume by contact with the ground surface or vegetation (or even water surfaces) through transfer processes such as absorption and gravitational sedimentation. This may be calculated by means of a deposition velocity, which is related to the resistance of the underlying surface to the transfer. Wet Deposition is the removal of pollution plume components by the action of rain. The wet deposition of radio nuclides in a pollution plume by a burst of rain often forms so called hoi spots of radioactivity on the underlying surface Surface Roughness Length Parameter is a measure for the ground surface roughness which determines the turbulence characteristics of the ambient boundary layer. - - - .........- -...... ~ ...... ~--- ....... ~ ..... ~ ..... --­ ESt>\. for :Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 392 of 586 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~;;.sr\f. 6.r'\.:.J.../~ b;./ It is taken to be about 1/10 to 1/30 of the height of a typical roughness element as present on the ground surface. It is about ) m for cities, forests and industrial sites, 10 cm for agricultural crops, ) em for grass and I mm for water or paved surfaces. Inversion layers: Normally, the air near the Earth's surface is warmer than the air above it because the atmosphere is heated from below as solar radiation warms the earth's surface, which in tum then warms the layer of the atmosphere directly above it. Thus, the atmospheric temperature normally decreases with increasing aHitude. However, under certain meteorological conditions, atmospheric layers may form in which the temperature increases with increasing altitude. Such layers are called inversion layers. When such a layer forms at the earth's surface, it is called a surface inversion. When an inversion layer forms at some distance above the earth, it is called an inversion aloft (sometimes referred to as a capping inversion). The air within an inversion aloft is very stable with very little vertical motion. Any rising parcel of air within the inversion soon expands, thereby adiabatically cooling toa lower temperature than the surrounding air and the parcel stops riSing. Any sinking parcel soon compresses adiabatically to a higher temperature than the surrounding air and the parcel stops sinking. Thus, any air pollution plume that enters an inversion aloft will undergo very little vertical mixing unless it has sufficient momentum to completely pass through the inversion aloft. That is one reason why an inversion aloft is sometimes called a capping inversion. Mixing layer Height The mixing layer height is the height above ground through which ground-based emissions will eventually be dispersed once thorough mixing occurs. In general, the mixed layer height will increase during the day as the sun causes convection to deepen the turbulent layer near the ground. The depth of the mixed layer will also increase as wind speeds increase due to the generation of turbulence produced by flow over the rough ground surface. Thus mixing layer depth is heavily influenced by wind speeds and surface roughness, and is an important consideration for determining the dispersion of ground based emissions into the atmosphere. Any air pollution plume dispersing beneath an inversion aloft will be limited in vertical mixing to that which occurs beneath the bottom of the inversion aloft (sometimes called the lid). Even if the pollution plume penetrates the inversion, it will not undergo any further significant vertical mixing. As for a pollution plume passing completely through an inversion layer aloft. that rarely occurs unless the pollution plume's source stack is very tall and the inversion lid is fairly low. Atmospheric Stability Classes The amount of turbulence in the ambient atmosphere has a major efiect on the dispersion of air pollution plumes because turbulence increases the entrainment and mixing of unpolluted air into the plume and thereby acts to reduce Ihe concentration of pollutants in the plume (i.e. enhances Ihe plume dispersion). II is therefore important to categorize the amount of atmospheric turbulence present at any given time.(Passquil Stability Classes). Stability Class DefinItion A Very unstable B Unstable C Slightly unstable D Neutral ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 393 of 586 May 2011 ~ Project No. J 511 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d..w~ ~~ (;.sr\f. E Slightly stable F Stable The surface wind distributions for South Helwan area extracted from MM5 outputs show that 24.8% of the time having wind velocity less than 3m/s. Wind Rose Wind rose of the three modeled years are shown in Figure 6-4. Wind direction of the area show that predominant winds are from the north and north-east most of the year. Winter times show more South western winds because of the passage of the fast moving depressions affecting the area. The following climate summary data is obtained from the Egyptian Meteorological Authority bulletin based on 30 years observations at Helwan station located near to the north of the proposed development. Temperature The warmest months of the year are June, July and August, which experience a mean daily maximum temperature of 42.1·C, 42.0·C and 41.3·C respectively and a mean daily minimum temperature of 32.2.7"C, 32.0·C and 32.5·C respectively. December, January and February are the coolest months experiencing daily maximum temperature of 21.4°C, 19.4'C and 21.9·C respectively and a mean daily minimum temperature of 15.4°C, 13.5°C and 15SC respectively. .~~~ ...... ~~ -~-~ ..... -~~~ ~~~- ---~ ~---- -- ... ESlA for Helwan South SLeam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 394 of 586 May 2011 Project No. I~73 & ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ ~~.;..,r\f. Figure 6-4 Wind Roses Representing Meteorological Data Used for Modeling, 2007, 2008 & 2009 2007 wind rose ,.~ '. .".. ,­ .,,". 'n- , .-,."~;, 15 :; :"..,,.. ,-""'" t:::I.,,-, • ~ 2008 wind rose 2009 wind rose ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chap1er 8· Page 395 of 586 May 2011 ~ProjectNo.1S13 Humidity Relative humidity peaks in July and decreases as the spring months approach. The 12 pm relative humidHy readings are lower than the 06 am readings throughout the year. The 9 am relative humidity has an average annual range of approximately 57.5% with a minimum of 47.9% in May and a maximum of 62.8% in Dec. Rainfall December, January and March are the wettest months of the year, receiving a mean monthly rainfall of 5.07mm, 5.9mm and 4.8mm respectively. Summer Months are dry having zero rainfall amounts. GAUSSIAN AIR POLLUTION DISPERSION EQUATION The technical literature on air pollution dispersion models is quite extensive and dates back to the 1930's and earlier. The ISC short term model uses the steady-state Gaussian plume equation for a continuous elevated source. For each source and each hour, the origin of the source's coordinate system is placed at the ground surface at the base of the stack. The x axis is positive in the downwind direction, the y axis is crosswind (normal) to the x axis and the z axis extends vertically. The fixed receptor locations are converted to each source's coordinate system for each hourly concentration calculation. The hourly concentrations calculated for each source at each receptor are summed to obtain the total concentration produced at each receptor by the combined source emissions. For a steady-state Gaussian plume, the hourly concentration at downwind distance x (meters) and crosswind distance y (meters) is given by: 91 + 92 + 93 u",.J21i where: f = crosswind dispersion parameter = exp [- y2/ (2 O'~ ) ]. g = vertical dispersion parameter = gl + 92 + 93 g, = vertical dispersion with no reflections = exp [ (: - H)2/ (2 cr; )] K. '" vertical dispersion for reflection from the ground = exp [- (z + H)2/ (2 0'; )1 g, = vertical dispersion for reflection from an inversion aloft l:: {exp [- (z - H 2mL)2/(2 u;)] = m=l ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 396 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTA,.~TS GROUP lume sources, The model takes account of dry and wet deposition and includes mechanisms for determining the effect of terrain and buildings on plume dispersion, The modeled area extended 10km West-East and 10km North-South covered by 10000 grided receptors. The grid distance is 60 meters. Figure 6-5 shows the squire receptor grid. AIR POLLUTION MODEL METEOROLOGICAL INPUTS The ISC3ST-Prime model moeteorological inputs are extracted from MM5 output in the format: ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 397 of 586 May 2011 - Project No, t S13 • yy, mm, dd, hh, wd, WS, st, pa, mdu, mdr, us, mo, ZO, pc, pr • where, yy:year, mm:month, dd:day, hh:hour, wd:wind direction(degrees from north), ws:wind speed(m/s), stsurface air temperature (KO), pa:Pasquili stability class, mdu: urban mixing depth, mdr: rural mixing depth, us:friclion velocity, mo:Monen Obokhove length, zo:roughness parameter, pc:precipitation code, pr:precipitation rate. AIR POLLUTION MODEL RESULTS Scenario I: Business as usual assuming the power plant is operating in full capacity for No Low NOx Burners. (NoLoNOx) Figures 6-6(A), 6-7(A) and 6-8(A) (s-shaded) and 6-6(8). 6-7(8) and 6-8(8) (c-contours) show Maximum N02 concentration contours in micrograms per cubic meter for the modeled area over the three years. Table 6-5(A) shows the 1" 15 Maximum values in micrograms per cubic meter with their distances and locations referenced to point between the stacks. The maximum hourly average value is 367,31-1g/m3 at 608.9 meters, the maximum 24-Hours average is 126.71-1g/m' at 623.0meters and the maximum annual average is 37.31Jg/m 3 at 630.1 meters iable 6-5(8) shows the 1st Maximum values for the three years with their distances and locations referenced to point between the stacks . ... - ....... _ ..... _­ ~--- ESIA for Helwan Sooth Steam Power Plant Chapter S~ Page 3911 of 586 May 20 J I - Projtcl No, 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Figure 6-5 The Squire Receptor Grid • ...... -: . . . . . ~ . .... e' . . . . . - . . . ~ • • • '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ • • • -• • • 4­ 29.26N. • ... '................. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • e'" . . . . . . . . . . ., _ ., .. . • + •• -:- •• ~ •• ~ ••• ~ ... ~ ••• :• ., • ~ ~ •• ~ ••• ., •• eoe ., • • •• • ....... ., e._. e-" •••-•••• - ., "' . . . . . . e"., . . .- • . • . • • • • -• ., e" • • •'.- . . . . .. .... . . . ., . . .. ... .., .... ., .., ....... • ~ • • -; • ., .. ~ .. ., ~ • • • :• ., • ~ • ., . . . ., • ., .,., • • ., .,., ., • • ., • e' • ., ., • 29.25N ., •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -: • ., .. ", • ., .: ••0.:.... •• ., •••• ., ••-. It., .. ., . . . .,., .0•• ., .. ~.,. ~ ., ., .,., .,~., ., ., ., ~., ' •••••••• ~ •• ~ •• w~ •• ~ ••••••• _.~ ••• ~ •••••••••• · ... .. . . .. .... ,. .,.. .. ....'., .... .... .. .. • . , . , . e . • • ., • • • • ., • • '• ., . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ • • ., • • • • ., • • • • • • • • ~ • • : • . , . ~ .. , ~ • • • : • ., .. ~., .. e'''' • ., ~ • . , . ' • • ., ~ . . . 4 • • • • • . , . .•...• •.•... ................. ".'. .................-.' ....... ........... ., .,., ., ' ' ., .?.,.:.,- • ., •••; ••• :•••.( • .• • .. • • .. •• .,. ~ ' ., ' • ••.••• "" -........ . ·....-..... ... .. .......... ....... .... .. ... '. -.. 29.24N ·.. ....................• •.....•......... ~ ' - ....... .. ... .. ... ..................... . .. ~ • • • ;+ • • ~ • • •; • • • ~ •• ~ •• • •• ~ • • •: • • • ~ - • • • • • ;. • ~ .: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ' ~ ~ 29.23N ." '! • • ''::'., • • '~ • • •: .. _ •.- • • .: ..... ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ • • • :..... ~ •• • .'•••••• * •• e, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • ~ • • • ;+ •• ~ •• ~.. • ~ •• ~ • • '• • • • • • • . • • • ~ •• ~. - -:• • • • • . e' • • • _ . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • + ~ •• • .., '. ~ ....... -t. " •. ,( .... _._ 1L;. . • . • •: -• . • •.- • • . • _._ . . . . . . . . . . _. :• • • \II' .. :_1It ._. :. 41! ._ ~ - ." .... '.:. • • • • • '.. • • • • •• t;l"I:'·,,~ e • • • •' • .. • • • • •••• 29.22N • ~' ..... :•..•• ~ •• _: .... : • • • ~ •• ':-'0; ';.). . . . . . :. • . .................. ,. •• (~". f· • •• ........ • •••.•• 0 • • • ;. . . . _ . . . . . . . .... ,. ~ • • -: . . . . . . . . . . . . " • • t!' ... ...... • :••. - .............- • •' • • • • ". . . . . . . ' .".................... - .......... "+ • _J. -'" • -.••• :. • ••• '. .. .. •• .:+ ... ~ .....: ••• :- •• t! • • -" • • • • • • •: - • • :.... .: . . . . '• • • ~ . ... - ........................ _...•.......•.. ........................ -.,.... - ... ..•...•.... . ?fi.21N"· . . . . . . . . . . . . .,"" • • • • • • • • •:. '" • • • • •' •• "". • .. •• • . . . . .' _0 ~ • • • ;_ • • • • • • : • • _ ~ • • ~ . . . . . . . . . . . .' • • • ~ • • ~ ••• ~ ••• ' ~ . .... ..... .. ... ...........• .. _ .......... • ~ . • • • : • • • .., . . . . .:- • •- . ' ; - '• •- ~ • • •' . - . e-. . . . . . . ., • • •- .-,. 'e" "" . - . -• • . • . • ...- .. _ ~. ~ ~ ;- ~ : •• • • • : •••••••••••• e ."... • • • • • ••• • .•••••• e ...... 29.2N · .....•••.... .-.............................. . •••••- ••• 9 •••• _.~ •• e . . . . . . . . . . ..- • • _.:_ • • • • • • • • • • >. -.'. ,;, ',. '.., •.• -. -., i' • •.• :..... ';'; .' •.•:- ••.•. :. '...' ~, •..., .- •.•.• "'" .- •. ,.; .••.• :if: ...... .... .......••• .......•:... ..•• .... ...... . '111 ' . . . . . • : • • • ;. • • •: • • • ""' • • • • • • • e • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • e,• • • • .~ ~ ~ • + ••••••• •• •• • • • • ••••••••••••••• . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 29.19N ~~ •••• ~ •••••• ~._ •••••• ~ •••• i.~~ ••• ~ •••••••• · ... . ... • • • • • :~ • • ~ _ .....••.•.....•..•.•.•... .... . ... . ..... • •••• >•••••• ~: ;. ~ • ~ .:. .. ... ...... ~ ~ ••• ~ •• , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' ~ ••• ¥ •• ~ •••••• ~ •• ~....... • '~t • • :_ • • • • • •: • • '.':. . . . . . . . . , • • • • e • •' . e • • • • e • • e,,,"" •.•. ~ •••••••••• '•••• ~ ~ 4 • • • :• • • • ~ ~ ~ 29.18N ••••••••••••• . . .•••••. . . . .•••• . . .•••••• • • •• •• ·e • • • • • "' . . . . . . . .: . . . . ....... ~e .' .... . . . . . . '• ., •• -it­ • ••• e... • ... • .. .. • '........". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'.... _; 3Ll7E 31.18E :lU9E 31.2E 3L21E :lL22E 3L23E 3L24E 31.25E 31.26E .... ~~ ... - ... -~~ ... ~~~ F..-SlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter fl· Page 399 0[586 May2011 ~ProjectNo. 1573 Scenario II: Business as usual assuming the power plant is operating in full capacity for Low NOx Burners. (LoNOx) Figures 6-9(A), 6-10(A) and 6-11(A) (s-shaded) and 6-9(8), 6-10(8) and 6-11(8) (c-contours) show Maximum NO, concentration contours in micrograms per cubic meier for the modeled area over the three years. Table 6-6(A) shows the 1" 15 Maximum values in micrograms per cubic meter with their distances and locations referenced to point between the stacks. The maximum hourly average value is 223.61Jg/m 3 at 60S.9meters. the maximum 24-Hours average is 100.71Jg/m3 at 623.0meters and the maximum annual average is 22.3j1g/m 3 at 630.1 meters Table 6-6{B) shows the 1" Maximum values for the three years with their distances and locations referenced to point between the stacks. SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTION MODEL RESULTS FOR HELWAN SOUTH Two Scenarios are done for Business as usual assuming the power plant is operating in full capacity, No Low NOx Burners as Scenario I and assuming Low NOx Burners as Scenario II. Outage mode is not modeled as it is just less emissions than Business as usual. Scenario Max. Hourly Ave. Max. 24-Hours Ave. Max. Annual Ave. 3 N02 IJg/m 3 N02 IJg/m NO, IJg/m3 NoLoNOx 367.3 126.7 37.3 LoNOx 223.6 100.7 22.3 EEAA 400 150 guidelines The air modeling predicts that the emissions guided by Business as usual mode. including both cases of wnhout and with Low- NO, burners will comply with the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency's (EEAA) guidelines. Background Air Quality Levels The model-predicted maximum concentrations were added to the representative ambient background concentrations in order to compare with the Egyptian Ambient Air Quality Limns (EAAQLs). The total maximum combined impact levels should be lower than the corresponding EAAQLs. The EAAQLs are defined in Law #4 of 1994 (Law for the Environment) established by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency. The representative onsite background air quality concentrations for the Helwan South Project were compiled and reported by the Air Pollution Preclusion Department, National Research Center in October 2010. Those background levels were collected at five monitoring stations located within the Helwan South site (see Figure 5-20). The averages of the monitored levels were treated as air quality levels representing background status at the Helwan South site for a one Single day during 2010. NO" SO,. and particulate matter (PM) background levels were measured on 24-hour basis, while the CO levels were measured on 8-hour basis. In order to obtain the 1-hour, 3-hour, and annual averaging background levels, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) suggested conversion factors (EPA, 1995) were used. Although other conversion factors are also available (Turner 1994). the EPA­ ESLA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 400 of SSG May 2011 ~ Project No. 1573 suggested factors are more conservative; therefore, they were used in the study. Commulatlve Impacts Many significant existing sources of pollutants are placed in the wider area of the Helwan South site. Combined effects from the proposed Helwan South power project and the surrounding sources for nitrogen oxides (NOx) have been obtained using the background NOx measurements recorded for the Helwan South area via the NRC (Tab/e 6-4). As indicated in Table 6-7, the maximum total combined 24-hour impact level (138.79 !1g/m', including the background level) is under the Egyptian 24-hour limit of 150 !1g/m'. The maximum 24-hour impact level of the Helwan South power project is 126.7 !1g/m' (excluding the background level). The maximum combined 1-hour impact level, including the highest value during 2008, is 397.52 !l9/m'. The Helwan South plant contributed 367.3"g/m' at this location. Mitigation Measures On the basis of the dispersion modeling resuHs, no further mitigation measures are required to reduce stack emissions (Le. beyond the use of natural gas and 10w-NOx burners), The stack height (152 meters) has been designed to reduce air pollutant concentrations and optimize atmospheric dilution of the stack plume and is considered adequate for this purpose, Conclusion Although these concentrations of pollutants have been established for the worst case operating condijions of the plant (continuous operation of both steam units at full load) using the primary fuel, they still remain below the Egyptian requirements and the World Bank guidelines corresponding to the air quality standards. Their addition to the existing background concentrations will not cause these standards and guidelines to be exceeded, Even the Helwan South area is considered a relatively polluted area, given its industrial setting, the plant will have no significant impact on the ambient air quality, 6.2.6 Fugitive Emissions from Fuel Storage Tanks There will be two principal fixed-roof fuel storage tanks on the power plant site for storage of heavy fuel oil and one for storage of light fuel oil, Fugitive emissions from fixed-roof tanks may occur as a result of evaporation of the liquid fuel into the space between the roof and the liquid surface. This vapor may be emitted to the atmosphere through vents during the tank filling process. However, since the fuel oil consists of low volatility liquid and the tanks will only be filled infrequently (as these fuels will only be used if nalural gas is unavailable), the potential for significant releases through venting of the tanks is limited and therefore the potential to cause odor nuisance is not considered to be significant Additionally, the nearest receptors are relatively far. Final Results The executive regulations of the Egyptian Law No.4 of the year 1994, article-42, item B regarding the elevations of chimneys, bullet No.2 states the following' ~SLA for Helwan South Sleam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 401 of 586 May 2011 ~ Project No., 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~.;.s.-v &.r'\:..!..../~ 0;./ "Chimneys from which a total of gaseous wastes reaches more than 15000 kg/hr: the height of the chimney shall be more than at least two and half times the height of surrounding buildings, including the building served by the chimney". Therefore the minimum stack height for Helwan South Power Plant in accordance with the Egyptian Law No.4 of the year 1994 is equal to approximately 37 x2.5 =92.5 meters (where 37 m is the highest surrounding building or the highest building in the proposed power project). This is near to the stack height calculated by the GEP method. Even though GEP height of stack is around 115 m, the stack height is designed to be 152 m considering the relatively degraded air quality of the Helwan South area. Also, since the main pollutant emitted by the gas-fired Helwan South Project is nitrogen oxides (NOx), computations are made also with the designated GEP stack height of 152 m for obtaining the highest concentrations for each of the three averaging periods under consideration (annual, daily, hourly). The results obtained over the period of five years are presented in Table 6-7. Based on the results presented in Table 6-7, the maximum annual impact area consistently occurred between 1800 and 200 0 to the south - south - west from plant north at a distance of 630.1 m from the origin point intermediating all the Helwan South power stack group locations. The majority of the 24-hour maximum impact areas due to the operation of the three Helwan South thermal supercritical units occurred between 1750 and 1800 at a distance 623 m. The maximum 1-hour impact levels are very similar among the three years (2007, 2008 & 2009) considered. The majority of the maximum impact areas occurred between 310 0 and 320 0 at plant north - west and at a distance of about 608.9m. A comparison of the estimated maximum concentrations with the relevant standards is given in Table 6-7. Table 6-4 (A) Egyptian Ambient Air Quality Limits, Law #4 (f.'glm 3) Averaging S02 CO N0 2 TSP PM,o Time 1-hour 350 30,000 400 N/A N/A 8-hour N/A") 10,000 N/A N/A N/A 24-hour 150 N/A 150 230 150 Annual 60 N/A N/A 90 70 Notes: (1) N/A = Not Available. Table 6-4 (8) Helwan South Background Air Quality Levels (1) (f.'g/m 3), ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 402 of 586 May 20 II - Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~/l~':i..h:)b;-/~.;,sr\.f. Measured by the National Research Center within the Site Boundaries Averaging 502 CO(2) N02 TSP PM10 Time i-hour 19.62 2.9 30.22 N/A N/A : 8-hour N/N') N/A N/A N/A N/A i i r::-:-;'" 112\<) 24-hour 7.85 1.16 12.09 379.7 i Annual 1.57 N/A 2.42 75.9 22.4 Noles: (1) Reference: Air Pollution Preclusion Department, National Research Center; Cairo, October 2010 (2) CO measured in mg/m 3 (EEAA 8 hrs mean:: 10 mg/m 3 ). (3) N/A = Not Available. (4) Calculated 30% of TSP. Table 6-5(A) Estimated Maximum Average Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide, pglm3 [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] [Stack Height = 152m] 1-hr 24·hr. Annual No, MaK Hourly Ave. Max. 24-Hours Ave. Max. Annual Ave. N02 I Dis. x y N02 Dis. x y N02 Dis. x I y 1 367.3 : 608.9 -305.0 527.0 126.7 623.0 5.1 -622.9 37.3 630.1 : ·95.0 I -622.9 2 364.0 541.2 ·305.0 447.1 126.0 623.0 5.1 -622.9 35.4 541,3 ·95.0 • ·532.9 3 345.9 672.8 ·614.9 ·272.9 125.5 I 570.9 ·204.8 ·532.9 35.0_. 655.8 -204.8 • -622.9 -4" 343.8 714,8 105,1 707.1 124.7 I 713.0 5.1 -713,0 33.6 462.8 -95.0 -453,0 343.1 641.6 -614.9 -182.9 123.7 655.8 -204.8 -622.9 33.5 719.3 -95.0 -713.0 - 5..­ 6 342.9 664.6 -404.9 527.0 123.4 630.1 : -95.0 -622.9 32.8 630.1 -95.0 -622.9 7 342.8 738.0 ·404.9 617.0 123,3 631.7 105.1 ·622.9 32.6 623.0 5,1 ·622.9 8 342,6 653,5 215.1 617.0 121.9 497.2 -204.8 -453.0 31.6 693.6 -305.0 -622.9 9 342.1 739.1 215.1 : 707.1 121.8 : 719.3 ·95.0 ·713.0 30.7 570.9 ·204.8 -532.9 10 341.8 625.9 105.1 i 617.0 121.6 453.0 5.1 -453.0 30.7 532.9 5.1 -5~~ 11 337,5 765.7 _.. i -272.9 -714,9 '-_ 120.6 541,3 -95.0 ·532,9 _3°2 -,_ 828.7 -204.8 .... __ -:­ -803,0 '12­ 337.3 623.0 5.1 • -622.9 120.4 I 803.ii­ ---­ 5.1 ----=-803.0 29.8 ... 808.6 -95.0 -803.0 13 335.6 678.3 ·504.9 ·453.0 119.7 543.2 105.1 -532.9 29.6 497.2 -204.8 -453.0 14 333.8 630.1 ·95.0 ·622.9 119.6 720.7 105.1 -713.0 29.5 713.0 5.1 ·713.0 15 333.8 763.8 -614.9 -453.0 118.4 465.0 105.1 ·453.0 29.5 614.0 ·305.0 ·532.9 ~-- ....- - -....- - - ESlA fot Hclwan Sou!h Stearn Power Plant ChapterS- Page40J of586 May 2011 ~ Projc.ct N(J, 1573 ENGJ;\IEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &;~~0;/~..;:.sr\f. Table 6-5(8) Estimated Maximum Average Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide, j.lglm J [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] [Stack Height" 152m] Max. Hourly Ave Max, 24·Hours Ave Max. Annual Ave. N02~gfm' Dis. x y N02 ~gfm' Dis. x y N02 ~gfm' Dis. x y 2007 345.9 672.8 -614.9 -272.9 125.5 570.9 -204.8 -532.9 32.2 655.8 -204.8 -622.9 2008 367.3 60S.9 -305.0 527.0 126.7 623.0 5.1 -622.9 37.3 630.1 -95.0 -622.9 2009 342.9 664.6 -404.9 527.0 126.0 623.0 5.1 -622.9 32.8 630.1 -95.0 -622.9 Table 6-6(A) Estimated Maximum Average Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide, ~gfm' [Three Helwan South Unas (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas wah Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] [Stack Heiqht" 152m] Max. Hourly Ave. Max. 24-Hours Ave. Max. Annual Ave, N02 Dis. x y N02 Dis. x Y N02 Dis. x y 1 223.6 608.9 -305.0 527.0 100.7 623.0 5.1 -622.9 22.3 630.1 -95.0 -622.9 2 217.4 541.2 -305.0 447.1 98.9 532.9 5.1 -532.9 21.1 541.3 -95.0 -532.9 3 206.6 672.8 -614.9 -272.9 97.6 570.9 -204.8 -532.9 20.9 655.S -204.8 -622.9 ~ 4 205.4 714.8 105.1 707.1 96.2 713.0 5.1 -713.0 20.1 -453.0 5 204.9 641.6 -614.9 -182.9 94.4 655.8 -204.S -622.9 20.0 -713.0 6 204.8 664.6 -404.9 527.0 94.0 630.1 -95.0 ·622.9 19.7 .8 -713.0 7 204.7 738.0 -404.9 617.0 93.8 631.7 105.1 -622.9 19.6 5 . -532.9 8 204.6 653.5 215.1 617.0 91.6 497.2 -204.8 -453.0 19.2 655.8 -204.8 -622.9 9 204.3 739.1 215.1 707.1 91.4 719.3 -95.0 -713.0 18.3 570.9 -204.8 -532.9 ~1 10 204.1 617.0 91.2 453.0 5.1 -453.0 18.3 532.9 5.1 -532.9 11 201.6 7 .9 -272.9 89.8 541.3 -95.0 -532.9 18.0 828.7 -204.8 -803.0 ~ 12 201.4 623.0 -622.9 89.5 803.0 5.1 -803.0 -95.0 -803.0 13 20Q.4 678.3 -504.9 -453.0 88.6 543.2 105.1 -532.9 . 7.2 -204.8 . -453.0 14 199A 630.1 -95.0 -622.9 88.5 720.7 105.1 -713.0 17.6 713.0 5.1 -713.0 15 199.4 763.8 -614.9 -453.0 86.9 465.0 105.1 ,453.0 17.6 614.0 -305.0 -532.9 Table 6-6(8) Estimated Maximum Average Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide, ~gfm' [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] [Stack Height" 152m] Max. Hourly Ave. Max. 24-Hours Ave. Max. Annual Ave. N02 ~gfm' Dis. x y N02 ~gfm' Dis. x y N02 ;191m' Dis. x y 2007 206.6 672.8 -614.9 -272.9 97.6 570.9 -204.8 -532.9 19.2 655.8 -204.8 -622.9 2008 223.6 608.9 -305.0 527.0 100.7 623.0 5.1 -622.9 22.3 630.1 -95.0 -622.9 2009 204.8 664.6 -404.9 527.0 98.9 532.9 5.1 -532.9 19.6 541.3 -95.0 -532.9 ESlA for Helw311 South Steam Power Plant Chapler S- Page 404 of 586 May 2011 - Project No, t 513 Table 6-7 Commulative Effect of the Proposed Helwan South Gas-Fired Power Project and the Surrounding Pollution Load (Air Dispersion Modeling Results, In addition to the Background levels In the Background Atmosphere) (Stack Heigh( := 152 m) Pollutant NO,(1) NO, NO, Averaging Period, J.lg/m' 1 hr 24-hr , Annual First Maximum, !-I9/m3 367.3\<) 126.7 37.3 i (-30S.0m, (S.1m, -622.9m) (-9S.0m, ­ S27.0m) 622.9m) Background Level 30.22 12.09 2.42 (measured by NRC) (2) Total, J.lg/m 3 397.52 136.79 39.72 i Egyptian Limit, J.lg/m 3 400 1S0 N/A\O) , World Bank Guideline, J.lg/m 3 No Limit 150 Notes: (1) N02 : There are no NOx Egyptian Standards for ambient air quality. (2) NRC := National Research Center. (3) N/A::: Not Available. (4) Worst case without Low-NOx burners, eventhough the power plant Boilers will be equipped by Low-NOx burners. ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Planl Chapter &- Page 405 of 586 May 20J I ~ Project No, ]573 ENGINEERING CONSULTAl ....TS GROUP ~~0;-/~:rsrv. Figure 6-6(A) N02-Maximum Annual Mean Concentrations In pg/m3 [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario) la.28N 29.22N 29.2.1N 29.2N 29.111H 29.18N ESIA for Heiwan Souill Steam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 406 or 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Figure 6-6(8) N0 2-Maximum Annual Mean Concentrations In pglm3 [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] . . - - - ­ - - .-, ; . ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 407 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Figure 6-7(A) NO...Maxlmum 24 Hrs (Daily) Mean Concentrations In pglm. [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] ESlA for Helwan South Sleam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 408 (If 5B6 May 20 II - Projeci No J 573 Figure 6-7(8) NO.-Maximum 24 iirs (Daily) Mean Concentrations in pglm3 [Three Helwan Socth Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] -, -c -< 'f'{ ," -. W , , '\:?C . ' - . .: J ESlA for HeJwan Soulb Steam PQWer Planl Chaptet 8~ Page 409 of 586 May 20r I ~ Proje<:1 No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTA,"'TS GROUP c::!.t.v~ b./~.;s.-v. Figure 6-B(A) NOrMaximum 1 Hr (Hourly) Mean Concentrations in pg/m, [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 410 of 586 May 20ll - Proje(:t No, 1573 Figure 6~(B) NOrMaxlmum 1 Hr (Hourly) Mean Concentrations In )J.g/m3 [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas without Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] 120 ­ - - - on I " ESlA for Helwan Soulb Steam Power Plant ChapleT 8- Page 411 of 586 May201l-PtojectNo,I:573 Figure G-9(A) NOrMaximum Annual Mean Concentrations In pglm3 [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas with Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] 2II.ZlH 2II.2JN 29.22N 2II.2.1N 2UN F-SIA for Helwan South Steam rower Plant Chapter 8- Page 412 of586 May 2011 ~ Project No_ 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP O:v~ (;r.../~:;.srv. Figure 6-9(8) NOrMaxfmum Annual Mean Concentrations In pg/m. [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas with Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] . ........ ' . . ", '," ., - - - - - _ ......... __ .. _-- - - - _..........­ ESLA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant ChaplerS· Page4130fS86 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ l:t:-/~:;.sr\!. Figure 6-10(A) NOrMaximum 24 Hrs (Daily) Mean Concentrations In pglm. [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas with Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] 29.25N 2a.z4H 29.22N Z9.z1N Z9.2N Z9.19N Z9.111N - - - - -.......- ..... ~ - - -.....- ..... ..... ­ ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter8- Page414ofS86 May 2011 ~ Project No. 1513 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.c:.r~ (;r../~.;.srv. Figure 6-10(B) NOrMaximum 24 Hrs (Daily) Mean Concentrations in f.l9/m3 [Three He!wan South Units (3x650 wrNe) Burning Natural Gas with Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] '!¥V':" . . , , ' , • ~ , ' , 1'O~'~:10 ,, , -­ , ' ,,-,-2(l,-~' '20-'-~_ " , " ~ .. 10;", "'~-""--""---~- ~~~-~~~~~~~------"""'-- ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 3~ Page 4 t S of 586 May 20 i I ~ Project Nct 1573 Figure 6-11(A) NO...Maximum 1 Hr (Hour/y) Mean Concentrations in pg/m. [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas with Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] ESJA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 416 of 586 May 2QII • Project No. 1573 Figure 6-11(8) NOrMaximum 1 Hr (Hourly) Mean Concentrations in pglm3 [Three Helwan South Units (3x650 MWe) Burning Natural Gas with Low NOx Burners and Running as of BAU Scenario] ~.4 a 10 ""'----'- 'I r ESlA (or Helwan South Sleam Power Plant Chapter S~ Page 417 of 586 May 20! I * Project No. 1513 ENGINEERING CONSULTA1'ffS GROUP d.w~ 6r.-/ ~:;.srv Figure 6-12 Proposed Locations of the Air Quality Monitoring Stations h ~~~;n-'I · j­ ·" f • • > :1 ! r • t II • J · i - · · I t ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 4! 8 of 5&6 May 2011 - Project No, 1573 6.3 AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT 6.3.1 Introduction This section considers the significance of potential impacts to the aquatic environment from the construction and operation of the Helwan South power plant. The section is based on preliminary design work undertaken by the Consultant and survey and modeling work undertaken by the Hydraulics Research Institute (HRI), 6.3.2 Potential Construction Impacts The potential impacts on the aquatic environment during construction are likely to occur as a result of: • laying of pipes across the Nile bankline; • dredging process for the intake and outfall structures; • construction of the inlel and discharge structures; • natural surface drainage of contaminants and sediments (if any) ; and • discharge of solid wastes and industrial liquid effluents into the River Nile, The potential impacts that can be anticipated as a result of these activrties are summarized in Table 6-8 below, Physical Aquagraphy The construction methodology for the discharge and .intake structures remains to be defined. Dredging will, however, be required for both the intake and discharge structures, This is likely to result in very local alteration of the prevailing currents immediately adjacent to the dredging works, This in turn will result in some local and limited changes to scouring and deposition rates adjacent to the dredging works, The impacts identified are considered acceptable and no mitigation measures are proposed. The construction method for the intake and discharge structures will include an acceptable operational procedure which will minimize the impacts from dredging and construction on sedimentation, This should be included in any contract which UEEPC commiSSion, During construction, soils dredged will be disposed of via a licensed contractor. No special perm it is required and no significant impacts are anticipated, Water Quality and Effluents Construction activities could potentially also result in the release of solid wastes and effluents to the Nile river elr ground water, A stormwater collection system, which is discussed in more details in Section 6,7,3, will be provided that will include oil interceptors, Sanitary effluents will be disposed of via plant sewer system, Solid wastes will be disposed of by a licensed contractor. Aquatic Ecology There are a number of impacts associated with the construction of the intake and discharge channels: ESIA for Helwan Soulh Steam Power Plant Chapter S;w Page 419 of 586 May 2011 • Project No, 1573 • temporary loss of bank habitat; • permanent loss of aquatic habitat; • new bank surface habitat will be generated due to the material used in the construction of the intake and outfall structures and will be colonized by algae and organisms and may encourage fish species; and • disturbance of benthic and mobile fauna and flora as a result of settlement of suspended sediments through interference with feeding mechanisms, gills and reduction of photosynthetic activity. With regard to the loss and disturbance to benthic fauna and Hora the following should be noted: • the area where losses may occur is relatively small in the context of the Nile river, the construction of the cooling water structures will disturb a very limited area. The sensitivity of the benthos in this area is low, since much of the riverbed being degraded with poor biodiversity; • much of the losses are temporary in nature and it can be expected that dredged sediments will be re-colonized within a relatively small period; and • field survey information did not identify any fauna, flora or habitats of conservation importance. The im pacts of the power plant on birds is discussed in Section 6.5. Fish and Fisheries The impacts on fish and commercial fisheries are expected to include the short term and local effects due to elevated concentrations of suspended sediments and pollutants in the water column. The natural dilution and dispersion in the area of construction will ensure that the suspended sediment load and elevated pollutant levels are rapidly reduced to background levels. The survey of the project indicated that the area was limited in fish populations. In addition to suspended sediment and pollutant loads there may be phYSical disruption to fishing activity due to dredging. However, given that the area adjacent to the power plant is not currently used for commercial fishing, the overall impact is not considered significant. The impacts identified relating to water quality are considered not significant and no mitigation measures are proposed. With regard to river I bankal birds, construction activities will cross landflats from the Nile river to the steam turbine condenser during laying of water intake and discharge pipes. The Nile bank affected will however be restored, using material which has been excavated. Significant impacts to birds in this area are therefore considered unlikely (see Section 6.5). Access to the Nile Bankline The area of Nile Bankline affected by the construction of the cross bank pipelines and discharge I intake structures is not currently used for leisure or recreation. The construction ESLA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 420 (If 586 May2011-ProjectNn 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~l;..J../~b;./~.;.s..\f. activities are nollherefore expected 10 affect the Nile River Bankline access, 6.3.3 Evaluation of Potential Construction Impacts Construction of the Cooling Water Infrastructure The cooling water will be abstracted from, and discharged to. the Nile River through offshore intake/outfall pipelines, The channels will be additional protected by layers of rocks, Construction of these structures will therefore require trenching as well as rock dumping, The principal impacts of this activity will be as follows: • Disturbance of a limited area of reiverbed will occur along the pipeline alignments, The disturbed area will be very limited for the intake and for the outfall. Given that the benthic fauna is impoverished in the area, this will not constitute a significant impact. Furthermore, it is understood that the Nilebed is relatively mobile and prone to natural seasonal disturbances, The biological community will therefore be pre-adapted to mechanical perturbations and is likely to recover rapidly once construction is completed, • Nilebed sediments will be re-suspended during trenching, locally increasing turbidity and possibly re-mobilizing sediment associated contaminants. The sediments in the region are, however, predominantly mud & sand, This will not only reduce the time of suspension but also suggests that significant chemical remobilization is unlikely, as pollutants are generally associated with the finer sediment fractions, In any event, the limited duration and areal extent of trenching means that any sediment re-suspension will be minor and transient. • Resettlement of suspended sediment and rock dumping will smoother approximately IimHed area of Nilebed, As previously stated, the absence of a rich benthic fauna indicates that no significant aquatic ecological impacts will occur. The intake velOCity cap and chlorination structure is planned to be prefabricated and installed by barge mounted crane, which will avoid the need for In-situ casting which might otherwise result in the release of cement into the Nile with subsequent toxicological impacts on flora and fauna, The intake velocity of the water combined with the chlorination of the intake should serve to minimize biofouling (see Section $,3,5), removing the need for additional antifouling coatings which, by their very nature, are toxic, To minimize the potential for impacts on the aquatic environment during the construction of the intake and outfall pipings, the following measures will be undertaken: Summary of Potential Construction Impacts on the Aquatic Environment Activity Potential Impacts ESfA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 421 of 586 May 2011 ~ Project No.1 513 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~~~;srv. Dredging • Elevated suspended sediment levels. • Elevated concentrations of pollutants released from sediments into water column. • Loss of aquatic habitat. • Disturbance to benthic animals. • Disturbance to mobile animals including fish and birds. • Disturbance due to disposal of dredged materials. • Disturbance to fishing. • Navigational constraints. Construction of • Discharge of effluents to the Nile River. discharge and • Permanent loss of aquatic habitat. intake structures • Navigational constraints. • Disturbance to fishing. • Elevated suspended sediment levels. • Alteration of sediment transport regime. • Disturbance to birds. Water runoff • Elevated suspended sediment levels. • Oily water effluent discharge. • Elevated concentrations of pollutants released from sediments into water column. Construction works • Temporary disturbance to bankline habitat. across bankline • Elevated suspended sediment levels. • Elevated concentrations of pollutants released from sediments into water column. • Disturbance to birds. ESLA for Helwan South Sleam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 422 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 • Construction works in the aquatic environment will be undertaken in consultation with the Competent Administrative Authority (CAA) and will be designed to minimize the area affected by the works, duration of construction and potential disturbance of the bankline, NiJebed and benthic communities; • Following construction, areas which were affected will be reinstated in a manner which encourages the restoration of benthic communities; • Dredging of material and Nilebed disposal will be carried out under the conditions agreed with the CAA, and licensed spoil disposal and borrow areas will be used; • Construction methods in the aquatic environment will be agreed upon with the CAA prior to the development of the cooling system. Due to the ability of the Nile bed to rapidly cover post-disturbance, the effects of the construction are predicted to be short-term and of minor significance. Construction of the Power plant There are no other surface water resources than the River Nile present on, or immediately adjacent to, the site, therefore there will be no direct impacts from landtake and the pollution risk from construction is low. The potential sources of impact on the aquatic environment during construction are as follows: • Alteration of drainage and changes in volumes and flow rates of runoff. Alteration of drainage will be due to compaction of soil and increased hardstanding areas. This will reduce infiltration and increase runoff. In addition, existing drainage patterns may be altered. • Discharge of potentially contaminated construction site drainage may occur. including from vehicle washing, refueling areas, etc. • Dust from construction may be deposited in local watercourses. The construction of the power plant will include a range of mitigation measures designed to prevent or minimize the above, as follows: • As part of the sHe preparation and preliminary works, a temporary, engineered drainage system will be provided to collect and contain the construction site drainage. The drainage system will provide the opportunity to control the volume, rate and timing of the discharge, and incorporate the ability to monitor the drainage prior to discharge. • Suspended solids and oil interceptors, such as settling lagoons or oiltwater separators, will be installed for the removal of pollutants from site drainage and for the retention and containment of any accidental contamination of the site drainage. • Fuel and other permanent liquid chemical storage tanks will be protected by bund walls to give a containment capacity of at least 110% of the tank volume. Temporary storage areas will be bunded by soil to give a containment capacity of at least 110% of the storage capacity. • Fixed refuelling areas wiIJ be equipped with contained drainage systems and, if ~~~~--~~~~~~~- ............ -~"'" ESIA fur Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapler 8- Page 4'23 of 586 May 2011 - Project :No. 1513 appropriate, designated oil interceptors. • A storm water pond or similar measures will be provided to hold and balance flows during periods of high rainfall, allowing discharge to be made without increasing flood risks. • All solid waste management practices, such as storage of spoil, will be undertaken with the incorporation of good house-keeping to prevent accidental release of dust or uncontrolled run-off. • Dust suppression measures will be employed as set out in Section 6.2.2. • Sanitary wastewater, comprising sewage and washing water generated by the construction workforce, will be disposed of through one of two routes: • chemical tOilet or septic tank sanitary systems will be used, with the sewage being removed by contractors for off-site disposal; • sewage and washing effluent will be discharged to the local sewer system, if any. Due to the absence of watercourses immediately on or surrounding the site (the Nile River is about 300-400m far from the western side of the site boundary) the sensitivity of surface water receptors to pollution is low. This low sensitivity, in association with the inclusion of the above mitigation measures, means that no adverse impacts on local surface water resources will occur. 6.3.3 Potential Impacts During Power Plant Operation The potential impact of the power plant on the aquatic environment could be the result of: • the presence of new structures; • the temperature of effluents discharged into the Nile River; and • the chemical composition of effluents discharged. The potential impacts related to the operation of the power plant are summarized in Table 6­ 9 and are discussed in further detail below. ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8, Page 424 of 586 May 2011 ~ Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W~ ~.;.sr\f. Table 6-9 Operation Related Environmental Impacts Issue Impacts Presence of new • Sediment scour. structures • Disruption to sediment transport along Nile bankline. • Navigational constraints. • Fisheries constraints. Discharge • Impact of elevated temperatures on water quality and aquatic ecology (oxygen saturation in particular). • Discharge of chemicals. Intake • Entrainment of fish and mobile organisms. 6.3.5 Evaluation of Potential Operational Impacts Abstraction of Cooling Water The largest water requirement of the power plant is for cooling water, Which will be abstracted at a rate of 69 m'/sec. for both two units. The cooling water will be abstracted directly from the Nile River, and accordingly there will be no impact on any inland surface water rasources. The principal potential impacts of large scale abstractions, such as the proposed cooling water, are as follows: • entrainment of aquatic organisms; • damage to fish at intakes. Damage at intakes can occur to fish which escape as well as those that are actually entrained. Such damage is related to a number of factors including: • fish swimming speed (variable according to species, age and condition of individual, etc); • intake flow velocities; • intake screening (eg mesh size, bar spacing etc). The maximum How velocity of the cooling water abstraction will be approximately 0.3 m s-' at the entrance to the intake. These are fairly low intake velocities; typical flow velocities at power station intake screens vary between 0.5 and 6.0 m s-' (Langford, 1983). In general, adult fish and fish in the order of 15 cm length are unlikely to be drawn into the intakes at such velocities. It is also notable that the area is nol an important fishery, implying that significant commercial quantities of fish are not present. Although fish entrainment at the intake is unlikely to be a problem due to the provision of intake structures and low intake velocity, screens will be provided to prevent impingement and subsequent entrainment of fish. The potential entrainment of smaller free-floating organisms with limited mobility (including adult and larval plankton, fish eggs and larvae, etc) results in exposure to elevated temperatures, biocide additives, and physical damage from contact with cooling system components and pressure changes. Generally, exposure 10 such im pacts in transit Ihrough the cooling system results in high reductions in the populations of bacteria and some plankton (but by no means 100% kill-off). Other organisms have a wide range of survival rates dependent on factors such as species, age, individual condition . ... _--_..... _-_ _--_ _ ..... ... .. _ ..... _-­ ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 425 of586 May 20 j 1 - Project No, J 573 The losses of free-floating biota will be dependent on the species present in the vicinity of the intakes and the degree to which flows to the intakes modify local circulation patterns. Since the cooling water infrastructure wiiJ cause little alteration in local circulatory currents, accordingly no significant impacts are predicted on free-floating biota. The lower rim of the intake structures will be located approximately 2.5 m above the Nilebed; thus, it is extremely unlikely that benthiC organisms will be drawn directly into the intake. Although changed circulation patterns in the immediate vicinity of the intakes may Slightly aHer sediment distributions, it is unlikely that the intake structures will cause a perceptible effect on the Nilebed, which is currently subject to existing mechanical perturbations. Overall, given the design of the cooling water abstraction, lim ited zone of potential impact and the lack of any known sensitive or commercially important aquatic organisms at the proposed location, no significant impacts are predicted to occur. Other Water Abstractions The boiler system requires approximately 180 m3 h" of water. which will also be abstracted from the Nile River and desalinated and demineralised prior to use. Potable water will be provided from the power plant water system at the rate of 3 m 3 h·'. Neither of these abstractions will have any significant environmental impact, given their volume and the water resources available. Discharge of Cooling Water The principal potential issues regarding the discharge of cooling water relate to the following: • The discharge plume will form an area of elevated temperature. This may potentially have ecological effects as well as impacting on the cooling water intake of Helwan South Units 1,2 & 3. • The plume will contain biocides and other substances that have potential impacts on aquatic biota. • The phySical effects of the discharge plume may potentially alter local hydrography, thereby affecting sediment transport and bankal erosion processes. The heated cooling water will be com bined with other appropriately treated effluent streams prior to offshore discharge through the outlet pipeline. The concentration of the chemicals in the cooling water at the outfall, compared to relevant standards, is shown in Table 6-10. All chemicals from the liquid waste stream are below the WB regulations and Egyptian standards and, subsequently, no toxic effects are predicted to occur. Potential damage to aquatic flora and fauna is further minimised by the use of an open channel design of the outfall which will enable the initial dilution of the plume and decrease the extent of the area that may be impacted by either excess temperature or residual chem ieals. The use of chlorine and olher treatment chemicals will be minimised by optimising dosing levels wilh respect 10 anli-fouling needs. ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 426 of 5&6 May 2011 . Projttl No. 1513 Table 6·10 Concentration of Process Chemicals in Combined Effluent Discharged to Nile River Pollutant Predicted Egyptian World Bank Concentrations Standards Guidelines (') (m~r') (mg r') (mgr') Biological Oxygen Demand <30 2) 30 (BOD) Chlorine (Free) <0.2 0.2 Iron 0.6 1.0 1.0 Oil and Grease <5 5 10 Suspended Solids (Total) <30(3) 30 50 Zinc <1 1.0 1.0 pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 Notes: (I) Concentrations are for the combined wastewater stream. Values are a flow rate composite of the all the plant wastewater streams. (2) Represents BOD in sanitary wastewater. The BOD levels in the combined effluent discharged into the aquatic environment will be negligible. (3) Concentration is an average value· maximum concentrations will be <50 mg 1_'. ESLA for Helwan Soufh Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 427 of 586 May 2011 - Project No, 1573 The proposed discharge of cooling water has been modelled using the SOBEK 1D mathematical model and the Delft-3D numerical model system that evaluates the dilution of a thermal plume from a submerged discharge. The modeling outcomes has been validated by the Hydraulics Research Institute (HRI). Even during the summer. the zone where the elevated temperature exceeds 5"C extends less than 100 m from the outfall. Moreover, the elevated temperature of the water at the edge of the mixing zone is predicted to be within the 5"C at a distance less than 100m from the point of discharge Egyptian practice and the 3 "C at a distance not exceeding 100 meter guideline as set out by the WB guidelines (modeling process and results are given at the end of this section, page 62). The outfall pipes will be separated enough from the intake pipes and it is estimated that there will be no temperature increase at the intake. Another, albeit relatively minor effect of cooling water discharges is related to the input of nutrients associated with dead or moribund organisms when the cooling water is discharged; this factor may potentially enhance biological productivity of the waters at the same time as entrainment of the intake is reducing individual numbers. It should be noted that tRe time when most individuals will be affected (i.e. during algal "blooms") is the time when regeneration of populations (i.e. productivity) is highest. Hence, the overall impact of the discharge of cooling water is not considered to be significant. Other Operational Effluent Discharges Other than the main cooling water stream, the following effluents will also be generated by the operational power plant: • concentrate from desalination process; • effluent from boiler blowdown; • backwash from boiler water filtration; • processed effluent from the oil interceptors; • treated domestic effluent and sewerage; • wastewater neutralisation effluent; • hardstanding drainage and runoff. To minimise the potential impacts of these effluents, the following mitigation measures will be implemented: • Process effluents will be ccllected in engineered, contained site drainage systems where they can be controlled, monitored and treated as appropriate prior to discharge to the Nile River via a Nile well. • Bunds or blind sumps will be installed on-site to isolate areas of potential oil or other spillages, such as transformer bays, from the site drainage system. The segregated effluent will be monitored for contamination and the appropriate discharge to the site drainage system or separate treatmenUdisposal route, such as extraction for specialist disposal off-site, will be adopted accordi ngIy. • Washing water from washing operations will be treated by oil/grease and suspended solids removal prior to discharge. ESlA ror Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 428 of 586 May 2011 ~ Project No. 1573 • Drainage from process areas will be collected in a contained site drainage system and passed through oil interceptors and suspended sediment traps prior to discharge to the Nile River via the Nile well. • Clean uncontaminated rainwater run-off from building roofs will be directly discharged to the Nile River via the Nile well; • Storm and rainwater run-off from hardstanding and roads will be collected in a contained site drainage system and passed through oil interceptors and sediment traps !Jrior to discharge into the Nile River via the Nile well. Concentrations of pollutants entering the aquatic environment from the cooling systfcm, and effluent treatment systems, supplemented by surface run-off, will be within the prescribed levels set out in the EEAA standards and World Bank guidelines as shown in Section 2. Hence, no signific"nt impacts are predicted to occur. Biocides (e.g. chlorine) will be added to the cooling water system to control bacterial and algal growth which otherwise would build up on various surfaces. In addition, biocides will be used to control the growth of larger invertebrates and algae in the cooling water intake. The cooling water discharge will contain residual quantities of biocide at concentrations below the World Bank standard for free chlorine of 0.2 mg/L Over a 24 hour period basic chlorination treatment will be at a concentration of 2 ppm. Chlorine shocking will take place when required depending on the level of algal growth at a concentration of 10 ppm. This concentration will be rapidly dispersed by the local dilution and dispersion in the Helwan South Nile River segment. In order to ensure compliance with Egyptian and World Bank water quality standards, an appropriate plant management system will be developed in order to monitor the quality of the discharge. Within liquid effluent management measures which will be implemented on site, the oillwater separators will operate continuously. Sanitary water will be treated in the power plant sanitary wastewater treatment facility and the discharged wastewater will be directed to the plantation irrigation network. Other wastewater (except heated cooling water and condensate water) will be collected and treated before being discharged via the circulating water discharge structure (CWDS). Rain waters containing oil will be routed to the oil separator; rain waters without oil will be discharged to the Nile River as stated above. F5lA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 429 Qf586 May 2011 ~ Project No, 1573 Effects of Aquatic Structures on Nile Bankal Processes The aquatic structures comprise the cooling water intake/velocity cap, the intake pipes and channel, and the outfall pipes and channel. The intake and outfall structures may have a very localised hydrodynamic impact, but this will not result in any Significant effect on currents or sediment movement in the wider context. Overall, the infrastructure associated with the cooling water abstraction and discharge will nol have any Significant impacts on bankal processes. Impact of Thermal Plume on Aquatic Ecology The effect of raised water temperature on fauna and flora could include the following: • lethal effects due to direct temperature increases; • effects on physiological processes such as raised metabolic and breathing rates, grouped as stress effects; and • changes in behavior of mobile species such as avoidance or attraction to water of a higher temperature. Lethal temperatures for aquatic animals are related to the summer maximum temperature in which they live. Temperatures over and above that maximum may result in any of the three levels of effect described above. It is anticipated that lethal effects as a result of the thermal discharge will be limited to any non-mobile benthic fauna and flora adjacent to the outfall. There will be limited, short term and local impacts on planktonic species affected by the warm plume and this may result in changes to the observed planktonic communities as more tolerant species displace less tolerant species. This in turn may impact the fish species present by sustaining larger populations or attracting some species whilst displacing others. Mobile species will show a similar response to the warm water with some species avoiding the warm water and some species attracted (Young bass "Dicentrachus labrax" migrate into warm water plumes at Kingsnorth Power Station in the UK where they achieve 30% faster growth than comparable fish in unheated water (Turnpenny et ai, 1985». In summary, the thermal discharge is predicted to impact aquatic flora and fauna both positively and negatively. At the point of discharge where water temperatures will not exceed 8 ·C above ambient temperatures, it is unlikely that non- mobile flora or faunal species will survive, however the area is already relatively impoverished. The more marginal temperature increase experienced further from the discharge outlet, up to a distance of 50 m, however may sustain larger populations of some species or attract additional species to the area. The intake and discharge structures will however also provide new habitats for some species. The hard structures of the submerged vanes will provide a surface for colonization which may support these communities. In turn, these species will attract planktonic and fish species into the newly created habitat Impact of Operational Oischarges on Water Quality During operation water will be withdrawn from the Nile River for condenser cooling and other ~----~~- - -.... .. ESLA fur Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8 w Page 430 of 586 May 20 11 ~ Project No. 1573 plant uses. Most of the water will be returned to the Nile River in the form of cooling water discharge by the way of the discharge structure. The activities that are expected to generate waste water from the power plant include the following: • co,~)d:;g water; • d "Illi;" 'ralization of water for plant uses; • c;,emical cleaning of boilers and air heaters; • oillwater interceptor effluent; • equipment and floors cleaning; and • recovery of rainfall runoff from oil storage areas and transformers. Condenser cooling water, which corresponds to the most important water consumption of the power plant (- 95%), does not need to be treated by chemicals. The water cooling condensers are designed in a type of metal alloy to avoid discharge in the Nile River of heavy metals such as copper and zinc coming from the wear of tubes of brass condensers. The power plant will be equipped with all water treatment facilities in order to keep waste water quality within the applicable regulations. Sanitary water will be discharged to the plant sewer treatment system. Other waste water (except heated cooling water) will be collected and treated before being discharged via the water discharge system, which includes threG separate pathways: circulating water discharge system (CWDS), pldnt sewer treatment system and the plantation irrigation network. The major water treatrllent steps include: • neutralization of any waste.·'ater that has a pH outside the range of 6 to 9; • oil separation of any waste water that may be contaminated with oil or grease; and • flocculation and filtration of any waste water that may contain high concentrations of suspended solids. The oilJwater separators will operate continuously. Rain waters containing oil will be routed to the oil separator; rain waters without oil will be discharged to the plant sewer system. All the process effluent, in combination with site drainage from areas at risk of contamination (power block areas, drains and sumps) will be treated and then discharged to the water discharge system. The discharge from the power plant will comply with the Egyptian and World Bank standards for discharge to Nile waters as a minimum (as per the Law 4811982) (Table 6-11). Table 6-11 Water Quality Guidelines and Standards Applicable to the Operation of the Plant (mg/1, unless othelWise stated) Background Estimated Egyptian World Bank Concentrations Parameter Standards(1) Characteristics Guidelines of Discharge (where available)(2) Biological Oxygen Demand 30 - - 13.36 Chromium (total) 0.5 0.5 - N/D(J) Copper (ppb) 0.5 0.5 < 0.5 N/A(4) Iron 1.0 1.0 <1 0.066 Oil and Grease 5 10 <5 356.6 ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 43 I of 586 May 20 II - Project No_ 157) ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~l:r-:-/~~\I. ~u!;pended SOlids (total) 30 50 <30 23.4 Residual Chlorine (total) N/A 0.2 <0.2 N/A Zinc (ppb) 1.0 1.0 <1 0.02 Temperature Increase (0G) above <5° .:::3° 5°C at N/A the ambient with max absolute Max. ! at 100 m discharge value of 35°C Amb. point ! 35°C I pH {unitless} 6-9 6-9 6-9 7.4-7.6 Notes. (1) Prime Minister's Decree No. 1741-2005; The modifying regulations to the Implementary Regulations for Law 4-1994 Regarding the Protection 01 the Environment, Annex I. (2) Results of physico-chemical measurements of water samples coliected by the National Research Center on 17- November 201 Q at Selected points in the power plant site bankline segment. (3) NID; Not Detected. (4) NIA; Not Available. Biocides (mainly chlorine) will be added to the cooling water system to control bacterial and algal growth which otherwise would build up on various surfaces. In addition, chlorine will be used to control the growth of larger invertebrates and algae in the cooling water intake. The cooling water discharge will contain residual quantities of biocide at concentrations below the World Bank standard for free chlorine of 0.2 mgll. Over a 24 hour period basic chlorination treatment will be at a concentration of 2 ppm. Chlorine shocking will take place when required depending on the level of algal growth at a concentration of 10 ppm. This concentration will be rapidly dispersed by the local dilution and dispersion in the Nile River. In order to ensure compliance with Egyptian and World Bank water quality standards, an appropriate plant management system will be developed in order to monitor the quality of the discharge. ..... _ ....- - .....- . _.... _---- - - .... ~.~.-- ~~- .....- ..... ­ ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Pla..1.1 Chapter 8- Page 432 of 586 May 2011 • Project No. J573 Water Quality Related Impacts on Aquatic Ecology Impacts on aquatic ecology during plant operation will largely be due to increased water temperatures and the quality of the disc;larged water. The intake structure is also likely to cause entrainment of fish and other species. The impacts of the thermal plume on aquatic fauna and liora has been discussed ab(,vG. Chemicals, including chlorine, released into the discharge str;Jcture could potentially have both lethal and chronic effects on the flora and fauna surrol,nding the discharge point, if released in sufficient quantities. Water treatment technologies and management systems employed at the plant and described above, will however ensure that effluents released are strictly adhered to water quality standards stipulated by the Law 411994 and Law 912009 and do not threaten the Nile River habitats and ecosystems. Entrainment of Flora and Fauna The cooling water intake will result in the entrainment of fauna and flora. Because of the presence of grills, entrainment may result in death and/ or damage to larger organisms including fish which may escape entrainment. Once entrained the fauna are exposed to physical damage, increased temperatures and process chemicals, including chlorine at concentrations intended to be lethal to fauna an flora whilst in the cooling system. The potential for damage is related to the escape speed of the particular animal, ihe intake velocity and the size of the grills over the intake. It is the younger stages of fish species that are at perticular risk from entrainment and damage. The maximum velocity in the culvert of the intake structure will be around 0.3 m/sec. This velocity is able to minimize fish entrainment into the culvert, and is at similar orders recorded at other power plants (Langford, 1983). Fish catches on the trash screens will be monitored on a weekly basis in the first year of operation to assess the impact of intake operation on the fish community. Whilst the impact of entrainment has the potential to be highly negative, it will occur over a very localized area. In addition, the velocity of water drawn into the culvert is close to the minimum required for efficient power plant operation, which will further reduce the risk of fish entrainment. Bank/ine Access Once constructed, the intake and discharge structures will be buried in a pipeline across the BankJine and it is expected that there will be little or no impacts on the use of the Nile bankline as a result of the operation of the power plant. - ....... ~ ...... ~-- ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter S- Page 433 or 586 May 201 ! . Project No. t 573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &.A;.J.. ~~~;.srv. Impact on Fishing and Navigation The Nile River segment immediately adjacent to the project site is not considered to be of significant importance as a commercial fishery (see Section 6.9). The plant is not therefore expected to have any significant impacts on fishing activities. Given that the outfall and discharge structures extend from the bankline, the structures are not expected to present any hazard to shipping. Modeling Conclusions and Recommendations The field survey was carried out. The data obtained from the field measurements was used to develop and calibrate the hydrothermal three dimension hydrothermal numerical model. After the model calibration three model scenarios were carried out to study the recirculation of the thermal plume from the plant outfall to its intake and the increased water temperature above the ambient water in the plant vicinity. In the model scenarios, three units of 650 MW were simulated with intake/outfall discharge of 23m3/s per unit and with design excess water temperature above the ambient water at the outfall of 8° C. The scenarios are as follows: Scenario 1: Simulates the flow condition in River Nile in the winter where the flow discharge is the minimum. In this scenario, and the next two scenarios, the total inflow of water to the plant is assumed conservative total value of 60.42 m3 /s for the three units, where as the river flow is 694.4 m3/s, i.e. the water abstraction by the plant is about 8.7%of the main river flow. The flow pattern around the plant in the top and bottom layers is presented in Figure 6-13. The figure showed that the flow velocities in the top layer are higher than in the bottom layer. There is a small effect of the flow discharge from the plant on the flow velocity in front of the outfall. The distribution of the water temperature in the plant vicinity for this flow condition in the top and bottom layers is shown in Figure 6-14. The figure shows that the plume is concentrated near the water surface (top layer). The effect of the plume on the water temperature close to the bed is relatively small. The figure shows that there is no recirculation of the effluent discharge from the plant outfall to its intake. The figures show that the plume effect in the top layer is larger than in the bottom layer. The excess water temperature above the ambient water outside the mixing zone (about 1/3 of the width of the cross section of the river in front of the outfall) is less than 5 degrees which complies with the Egyptian water quality standards. ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 434 of 586 May 20 11 - Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP & . ;\:":;'_A1:l(;';/~~\f. Figure 6-13 Computed Flow Pattern in Top and Bottom Layer (Case of Minimum Discharge) Upper and Lower Plots are for Top and Bottom Layers. Respectively Outre II OUlfOIl ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 435 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Figure 6-14 Water Temperature Distribution In Top and Bottom Layer (Case of Minimum Discharge) Upper and Lower Plots are for Top and Bottom Layers, Respectively 127.5 - - - - - -.........- ESfA for Hclwan Soulh Steam Power Plant Chapler 8- Page 436 of 586 Ma)' 20 II - Project NQ. 1513 Scenario 2: This scenario simulates the flow condition in River Nile in most of the year where the flow discharge is dominant. The plant inflow is 60.42m 3/s whereas the river flow is 1038 m3/s. Le. the plant inflow is about 5.8% of the main river flow. The flow pattern in the top and bottom layer under this flow condition is presented in Figure 6-15. The figure shows that the flow velocity in the top layer is higher than in the bottom layer. It can be seen that the flow velocity in this scenario is higher than the flow velocity in Scenario 1 with minimum discharge. The distribution of the water temperature in the plant viCinity and at the plant outfall in the top and bottom layers is shown in Figure 6-16. The figure shows that there is no recirculation of the effluent discharge at the plant intake. It can be seen from the figure that the area of the plume in case of the dominant discharge is smaller than the area of the plume in case of the minimum discharge. This can be explained by that fact that the dominant discharge causes higher water mixing in front of the outfall than the minimum discharge which increases the dilution process. The figures show that the plume effect in the top layer is larger than in the bottom layer. The excess water temperature above the ambient water outside the mixing zone is less than 5 degrees which complies with the Egyptian water quality standards. - - - - - - _....-_..... ESiA for Helwao South Steam Power PIau! Chapter 8- Page 431 of S86 May 2011 - Project NG. 1573 Figure 6-15 Computed Flow Pattern in Top and Bottom Layer (Case of Dominant Discharge) Upper and Lower Plots are for Top and Bottom Layers, Respectively E$IA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 438 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Scenario 2: This scenario simulates the flow condition in River Nile in most of the year where the flow discharge is dominant The plant inflow is 60.42m 3 /s whereas the river flow is 1038 m 3 /s, i.e. the plant inflow is about 5.8% of the main river flow. The flow pattern in the top and bottom layer under this flow condition is presented in Figure 6-15. The figure shows that the flow velocity in the top layer is higher than in the bottom layer. It can be seen that the flow velocity in this scenario is higher than the flow velocity in Scenario 1 with minimum discharge. The distribution of the water temperature in the plant vicinity and at the plant outfall in the top and bottom layers is shown in Figure 6-16. The figure shows that there is no recirculation of the effluent discharge at the plant intake. It can be seen from the figure that the area of the plume in case of the dominant discharge is smaller than the area of the plume in case of the minimum discharge. This can be explained by that fact that the dominant discharge causes higher water mixing in front of the outfall than the minimum discharge which increases the dilution process. The figures show that the plume effect in the top layer is larger than in the bottom layer. The excess water temperature above the ambient water outside the mixing zone is less than 5 degrees which complies with the Egyptian water quality standards. - - - - -.............. ~ ..... F.s1A for Helw3n Saultt Sleam Power Plant Chapter 8w Page 437 of 586 May20l! ~PT(JjcctNo. 1513 ENGINEERINGCONSULTA1'HSGROUP d..ru~~~.;..sr\f. Figure 6·15 Computed Flow Pattern in Top and Bottom Layer (case of Dominant Discharge) Upper and Lower Plots are for Top and Bottom Layers, Respectively f ES[A for He!wan South Steam Power Plant Chapter8- Page4J8()fS26 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Figure 6-16 Water Temperature Distribution in Top and Bottom Layer (Case of Dominant Discharge) Upper and Lower Plots are for Top and Bottom Layers, Respectively f zall 0 ::S:n:i ~ 371 CJ 8N1l00"") ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Charter 8- Page 439 of 586 May 2011 • Project No. 1573 Scenario 3: This scenario simulates the now condition in River Nile in the summer where the flow discharge is the maximum, The plant inflow is 60.42m'/s whereas the river now is 2893,5 m'/s, i.e, the plant inflow is about 2,081. of the main river flow, Figure 6-17 shows that flow pattern in top and bottom layers under this flow condition, The figure shows that the flow velocities are higher than the other scenarios because of the higher discharge. Figures 6-18 and 6-19 show the water temperature distribution in the plant vicinity and in front of the outfall, The figure shows that there is no recirculation of the effluent discharge to the intake. The size of the plume is small compared to the size of the plume in case of minimum and dominant discharges because of the higher now velocities which cause more dilution of the effluent discharge and better mixing of the effluents with the fresh water. The figures show that the water temperature outside the mixing zone is less than 5 degrees which is in a good agreement with the Egyptian water quality standards. Figure 6-19 shows the water temperature at the intake for Scenarios 1, 2 and 3. It can be seen that there is no recirculation at the intake for the three scenarios. ESfA for Helwan South Steam Power Plan! Chapter 8- Page 44-0 of 586 May 2011 - PfOje<:t No. lSi3 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~,;.s..\f. d.t.v~ b;./ Figure 6-17 Computed Flow Pattem in Top and Bottom layer (Case of Dominant Discharge) Upper and Lower Plots are for Top and Bottom Layers, Respectively f ..................... -~ ..... -~ ....- - - - - ­ ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plan! Chapler S~ Pllge 441 of $86 Ma:y2{)II·Projec!No tS13 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~~ ~\f. Figure 6-18 Water Temperature Distribution in Top and Bottom Layer (Case of Dominant Discharge) Upper and Lower Plots are for Top and Bottom Layers, Respectively l7l'.5 ~:;!D ~ ..::IV- IJ 8a.Alr..Q: (';fiI} ESlA for Helwan South SLeam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 442 of 586 May2011-ProjeeLNo.1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTk"JTS GROUP d.w'\;.:L/...u!l ~~,;.srv. Figure 6-19 Water Temperature at the Plant Intake for Scenario 1, Scenario 2 and Scenario 3 Upper, Middle and Lower Plots are for Scenarios 1, 2 and 3, Respectively --..... --~ ... Temperature at the plant Intake 3S :l4 , , , , , , , , , , , , 33 , , , I , I , Case of liiollnum Q; I 32 , , , , , , , I , I I , , -­ -~ Case oT Dominant Case of MlXlmum Q a 31 30 , , , , , , I I , I , I , , 29 26 , , , , , , , , , ; , ; , , I I I , :§: 27 , , , , , , , , , , , , I , I , I , , 2ll - I!! " 2.\ ~ 23 " Q. 22 25 , I , I , , I , , , , , , , , , , I I , , I I , I ! , , I I I , , I , I , , I , I , , , I , I ~ 21 2ll , I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 19 16 I I I , I , I I ,I , I , , I , I I I I I , I IT I , , I , , I I 1& I I , I , , I , I I , I I I , I , I I .5 I I I , , I , I , .............. I I ,I I I 14 I , I , I I I I I 13 12 I I , : : : I : 0 " " " g " " '" '" '" " g '" :; ­ 13 (1 " ;:' ~ E ~ 13 <:! <> - N E " 0 ~ 13 (1 " N ~ ::; g - " ,. (1 ~ - ~ '" - 13 <:: - .'" :a ~ <> <> ~ 13 <:: " '" ''.. "" '" - - '" - .... ... ~ '" S . ~ '" ~ '" ~ .. ~ '" ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Planl Chapter 8- Page 443 of 586 May 20 It - Project No. 1$73 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &.t~ ~~..;.srv VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION RESULTS The flow pattern was simulated in the three scenarios. The flow velocity in the direction of the river flow and the cross velocity normal to the main flow in the river were obtained at three cross sections, (see Figure 6-20). The first cross section is upstream the outfall structure at a distance of 20m. The second cross section is in the centreline of the outfall structure. The third cross section is downstream the outfall structure at a distance of 20m. At each cross section the flow velocity was obtained starting from the left bank to the right bank. The computed velocities show that the cross flow velocity exceeds the allowable velocity, which is 0.30 m3/s slightly only in the area surrounding outfall structures and is confined to less about 10% of the total river width (about 75 m) in the minimum case. More than 90% of the river width the cross velocity is less than 0.3 m/s which is suitable for navigation. The com puted cross flow velocities for the three scenarios at the three cross sections are shown in Figures 6-21 through 6-29. The figures show that navigation is safe in River in the area of study in the presence of the power plant. ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 444 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Figure 6·20 Layout of the Cross Sections for Measuring the Cross Flow / " ! ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 445 of 586 May 2011 - Project No_ 1573 Figure 6-21 Cross Current Upstream the Outfall (Scenarlo-1) 0.16 ---."-~ ---~~r-- -.. ---~;-----.:~ ··----~--i ····----i-----T-- I 0.14 -----!-- l.. ______ ~--- J _____ I _J ______ .l ---L---­ 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 --~------! " ----T--- _____ 1 _____ IL _____ JI I , , -r-----~-- ---~------~ ----~ _____ J_____ , , , r----­ _____ IL ___ _ ___ J___ -----l------r--- ­ _.l ______ , ~ .. .,..------r­ ___ _ l , 0.04 ---~---- _____ , I~_ , I , +------1­ i------~-- -i------t- ---~-- -i 0.02 T--- , ! , --,----- ----1------r-----~----- --~-- , -~ 0 ---- ~------+----- , -----~-- , " , ~----- , --+---­ , -0.02 -----,. -,---­ , -~----- -0.04 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Distance from Right bank (m) Figure 6·22 Cross Current at the Centerline of the Outfall (Scenario-1) o 50 100 '150 200 250 300 350 400 450 DistAnce from Right bank {m) ESLA fur Helwan South Sleam Power Plant Cnapter g. Page 446 of sao May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Figure 6-23 Cross Current Downstream the outfall (Scenario-1) 0.16 I , , I , .....•, ·-·-·--·-~1·-·-----··1~--··-- T~- ~-..,.---. 1 0.14 -----~------1------ ------------ , _____ 1 _____ _ 0.12 1 , I I I I 1 _ ____ L _____ 1 _____ _ 0.1 ~ , , I , ____ 4. _____ _ " ~ 0.08 --~------~ I I - ~----- I t " 0.00 j -~------~------~-----~-- ! ! . . ------1-- ___ -I_ ---+0­ '" ,. I I ! j I , , I e" 0.04 I -4------~------r--- I I I , , , 1-~----r- , , --~4--- I I 0 , , I , 0.02 ---,------,------r---- , , , , I r - - -- 0 - ---1--- --r I , -{J.O] I 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Olstan•• from Righi bank Iml Figure 6·24 Cross Current Upstream the outfall (Scenario-2) 0.16 _. ' - - , - - - -....,--........ ·-r- -............ r-···--,·-~···-·-o···-··~-·~~· ------1- ____ , ___ _ I I --,--------,~-~--. j I 0.14 , , ~ ~- ~-- --...;------~------~ -­ .1 I I ! I J _____ J _____ 1.. _ _ _ _ _ _,___ _ 0.12 --- -- ~---.- --t- - ~ -~..!.-"'- , " 0.1 ------1- , I 1 I ----r-----,--- --r----­ I , I 0.08 --- - -!".-~,,- -,..., - -- .,. , , ", I ----~-----~ I I ---- I ______ l I +------.------~ C 0.06 _ _ _ _ _J__ 1_ .• __ _ ___ -----.1 ____ ____ ______ , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ,, I I I , ~ , I I I - --r----- , ----,-----­ .. " " ., 0.04 0.02 ---~--- -----1-- , + - - - _I __ ,, -----I-----~r- I ~-----~------.-- , ---~----- !! _____ I ______ l, ____ _ I ~ _L ____ 1 1 .1___ 1 _I. , , , ~ u Q J ~__ -0.02 I I 1 -----~------T------I------, 1 1 I I t -r-----'------r----- I I I , ! I 1 1­ ----~ -0.04 -----4------?--- -1--- ~ - r 4 --~·-t----·---I------- -0.06 +---+---.. . -+.....----....+--~_l--___jf__-- ~---+----+---~ 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Distance lrom Right bank (m) ESfA for Hclwan South Steam PQwer Plant Chapter 8~ Page 441 of 586 May 2fi1l ~ PrQject No. 1513 Figure 6-25 Cross Current at the Centerline of the Outfall (Scenario-2) i 0.3 ----------, ----- --------1 - -- ------ T O- 1 .- 1"'" " """"" 0.25 02 :§" 0.15 t~ ~ ~~ ~[-~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~T~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~t ~ ~ ~~~t ~ ~~~ ~ ~ --- --I -----I------I----.=~~~:::·~.c..:::-----I------I------ E- ~r1~~I~jl~~± 0.1 i: w t 0.05 ~ u • 0 • u e -0.05 I I I I I I I I __ ______ ______ L _____ ______ ______ L _____ ______ _____ _ .Q1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I I I I I I -0.15 -Y- - --:- - - -- - ~ - -- - - - ~-- - - -~- - - --- ~ - - -- - - ~-- - - -~- -- --- ~ - --- -­ .Q2+-----+-----~----~----~-----+----_+----_+----_+----~ o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Distance from Right bank (m) Figure 6-26 Cross Current Downstream the Outfall (Scenario-2) 0.16 ----,-~-----------r-- --------. ---,- I '-I 0.14 -----~------4------~------:--- --f---- ~-----~------t------I 0.12 -----~------~------~- --~------+------~- ---~------+------I ;;; ______ _____ L _____ I J ______ I 1 ______ IL ____ I ______ lI _____ _ g _~ ~ ~ 0.1 I I , I ,______ , ______ L_____ I I I I t i: 0.08 ~ _J _____ ~ _ _ _ _ L _____ ~ ~ _ ____ ~ _____ _ I ! I I I I I ~ I I I I I I I I ~ u 0.06 -- , --~------~------~-----~------~------~-----~- ----+-----­ m , m 0 U 0.04 ----~------,------~-----,------~------r-----'--- I I I I I I I --T-----­ I I I I I I I I I 002 -----,------,------r-----,------~------r-----'---- -T-----­ , I I I I I I I I 0 -----~------l------r-----~------T------r-----~------T- .Q02 I I I I I I , I I 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Distance from Right bank (mJ ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 448 of 586 May 20 II - Project No_ 1573 Figure 6-27 Cross Current Upstream the Outfall (Scenarfo-3) 0.16 ---1-----,-· ___ J______ L___ -"1 ! _~~~--L---_-J- ---1 -_.) , -- '1- , --------, __ 1. _____ _ 014 ... I~ , , , ! ,~, I "'--I , I ~- ' -- i------i,----:--- --t-----­ ~ 0.12 --i---- ~---:-- 0.1 ____ J _____ L____ J_ ._l ______ L____ J_ , I -1-----­ I I I I I I I I I I I I , -----~- I --- ~------~-----~- I , I --.------~-- I I --+-----­ I 0.00 -L_ :~····--i~-----~- I --- I -----i------~------·I I I ! I --T-----­ j I ___ 4 ______ __4 ______ 0.04 I ~--_-_~_ I ~---_-~_ I I , -+----~-- , 1 I j I 002 , , ______ , _____ , T-----­ , \-t -----­ ---,------r-----~-- ---T------r-----~ ______1- ____ J ______ L _____ ____ L J _ o , , , , , , ~_ ~ , , , , , , -002 - - - - --1- , , ; - - - - - - r - - - - - , -1­ , --~------r-----~- --\lJ----­ , -D.D4 +---+-- , ..l--' ---+---+---+----+-----i o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Distance from Right bank (m) Figure 6-28 Cross Current Downstream the Outfall (Scenario-3) 0.25· , , , , , ___ J ______ L ____ _ _ , _ l ______ L ____ _ __ l _____ _ 0.2 , , ~. , .g ~ 0.15 , , -- ... -----­ , -'t-----­ ~ l!: 0.1 , , :; _ .. __ 1 _____ _ (.) 0.05 , " " e (.) 0 -~---- -005 - - ; - - - - - - r- - - - - - , , , -1- -"t------r----- - ,- , ---"r-----­ , , -u.1 0 100 200 250 300 350 400 450 Distance from Right bank tm} ESIA fo.r Helwan South Steam Power Planl Chapler 8~ Pa@e449 of586 May 20J 1 • Project No, 1573 Figure 6-29 Cross Current Downstream the Outfall (Scenarlo-3) 0.16 -,-------- -or -- ---- - r-- -·-···r-- --------.-,--- --,---­ , 1 , I j , I , , 0.14 ----,----- r-----'-- -,--- - -----~--- -r-----­ , ----f----­ " 0.12 --- -~------1------~- -9---1--- --~- --- lii' Of ______ l1\--- I I 1 ---- ---- - I _____ l _ ____ I L ___ - I _____ 1 ____ _ ~ 008 ------:- ----~- ---f-----+-----~------~- -- :------;-----­ a 006 +--~. --'------.. ---- _1- _____ -1___ --+------ ... ------1­ -- -~------ u ~ 004~-- -L-----J - ___ ~---_ ------1-- I I -.~------J- I ,,-l-----­ ! 0.02 -----~------~------~--- I I I ~------;------r-----~----- ~---- I I I I ­ o ------:- ~----- ----:--- ------~-- -~----- T ~.02+_----4_----_+----~------+_----4_----_+----_+------r_--~ o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Distance from Right bank (m) ESIA for He!wan SQuib Steam Power Plant Cbapter g. Page 450 of 586 May 201 J - Project No. 1513 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.t:v'\;.'i.../JD(;':/~.;sr\f. Conclusions The Egyptian Electricity Holding Company commissioned HRI to conduct hydraulic and circulation study to investigate the impact of the proposed South Helwan Plant with 3x650 MW on the recirculation, water environment and navigation, This study is an extension to the earlier study of South Helwan Plant of 2x650 MW; see HRI Report No. 50/2011. The report presents the hydrodynamic three dimension modeling study. The study aims at investigating the impact of the plant on the recirculation of the effluents at its intake and the increased water temperature in the plant vicinity. The study on the impact of the plant on the cross current induced by the plant intake/Outfall on the navigation was nnducted within the framework of the study. A three dimension model with five layers along the water column has been carried out to account for the stratification which may occur in front of the plant due to the density difference induced by the temperature variation. Three model scenarios were setup to account for the different flow regime in the river, minimum, dominant and maximum discharges, The water levels associated to theses discharges were obtained from the 1 dimensional model (1 D SOBEK). The results of the model simulations show the followings: No recirculation of the effluent discharge at the plant intake for all scenarios. The excess water temperature above the ambient water outside the mixing zone (about 1/3 of the width of the cross section of the river in front of the outfall) is less than 5 degree which is in accordance wHh the Egyptian water quality standards, • The flow pattern obtained from the model scenarios show that the cross flow velocHies in front of the intake/outfall structures is less than 0.3 mis, except in the area around the outfall which is less than 1/10 of the river width, About 90% of the river width in front of the intake/outfall structure is safe for navigation, The model resu~s show that the dilution of the plume is better for the dominant and maximum discharges than the minimum discharge because of the good mixing of the effluents with the fresh water under relatively high discharges. The results show that the plume is concentrated near the water surface and its impact is reduced near the river bed, Recommendations Based on the study and the model results the following is recommended: The layout and the plant characteristics as simulated in the numerical model should be simulated in the physical scale model to confirm the results in the numerical model and are should be recommended with a condition of confirming the design with the physical scale model. The layout of the intake/oulfall structures and the plant characteristics as simulated in the numerical model should be tested in the physical scale model. The aim of the physical scale model is to confirm the resuHs of the numerical model. Warning signs are to be placed upstream and downstream the plant to avoid nay damage to the intake/outfall structures. • All fishermen boats are to be kept about 75 m away from the outfall structures to avoid the effect of relatively high cross currents caused by the effluent discharge into the river in case of minimum. ----~ ....... -~ .... _-_ ....... _ .. --­ ESIA for Helwan S€luth Steam Power P!anl Chapie. H~ Page 45! of 5&6 May 20 j I • Project No. 1573 6.4 NOISE AND VIBRATION 6.4.1 Introduction The assessment of the potential noise and vibration impacts considers the following issues: • noise and vibration from construction activities on the main site; and • noise and vibration during operation, including from the main power plant and the pumping station. 6.4.2 Noise Sensitive Receptors No residential community has been identified around the HeJwan South power plant site and there are no population centres within five kilometers of the proposed site. The nearest land uses around the site are the grains silos to the immediate north of the Helwan South power project fence and the cemetery area to the immediate south of the proposed site in addition to the agricultural strip land with very few low-rise, rural type residential houses to the immediate west of the power plant site. Due to the rural nature of the proposed site, the area is categorized as "residential­ commercial" with respect to the Egyptian ambient noise standards and "residential, institutional and educational" with respect to the World Bank environmental guidelines. 6.4.3 Standards and Guidelines for Noise Assessment In the absence of World Bank or Egyptian standards for construction noise, British Standard BS5228 has been considered to represent good international practice for assessing and controlling noise during the construction phase. 6.4.4 Evaluation of Construction Noise and Vibration Noise Prediction Methodology Noise levels from construction activities have been predicted and assessed based on the methods set out in the UK codes of practice (BS5228). Calculations of the combined sound power from all construction plant, adjusted for usage time, have been used to predict the highest potential noise levels for the peak period of construction. Traffic noise predictions have been carried out using the methodology in the UK Department of Environment (as was) Calculation of Road Traffic Noise which is the standard method of predicting noise from roads in the UK and is considered to represent good international practice. For the assessment, the following conservative assumptions have been made: • fixed construction plant is located close to the center of the site; • mobile construction plant has been assumed to use a haul route that follows the perimeter of the site; • no account has been taken of the attenuation in noise levels due to acoustically soft ground or due to screening from intervening buildings; and ESlA for Hetwan South Steam Power Plant Chapler 8- Page 452 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 The type and number of plant assumed to represent the worst case during the peak period of construction, are presented in Tab/e 6-12, Noise from the Construction Site Using the worst-case assumptions, the prediction of potential levels of construction noise at the nearest receptors during peak construction phase is presented in Tab/e 6-13, together with applicable Egyptian noise standards, The Egyptian noise standards are applicable to long term (Le, operational) noise levels, but are included for reference in assessing the potential magnitude of impacts from short term construction noise, Reference is also made below to construction noise criteria used in the UK, It should be noted that no construction noise limns are published in World Bank gUidance. Table 6-12 Major Construction Plant on Site During the Peak Construction Period Utilization Day (D) Equipment I Number Factor (1) Night {N) (') Tracked cranes (cranes, elevators, : 9 50% D,N hoists, etc,) 4 80% 80%D,20%N Air compressors 5 75% D Bulldozers (bulldozers, IT-28, .. etc.) I 3 50% 50%D,20%N Truck cement mixers (3) - D Dump trucKs (including rough terrain 3 20% D,N vehicles) 27 40% 60%D,40%N Diesel generators 1 80% 80%0,20%N Welding equipment and generators 1 40% 0 Batching cement plant (3) - 0 Grader (includes motor grader) (3) - D, N Wheeled excavator !Ioader trucks Lorries Note.: (1) Utilization factor is 111. percentage of time equipment is engaged in productive work and may generate Significant noise, (2) 'D'indicates daytime shift (07:00-17:00 hours) and 'N' indicates night time shift (17:00-07:00 hours), Percentage indicates the level of use in each shift, (3) Equipment has been assumed to use the haul route lon-site road adjacent to the site boundaries. An average flow of 20 vehicles per hour has been assumed. From Tab/e 6-13 it can be seen that in the absence of noise mitigation measures, construction noise levels are predicted to comply with the Egyptian standards. In the UK a daytime construction noise criteria of LAeq 70 dB is generally used to assess construction noise in rural areas. This level is not predicted to be exceeded. Hence no construction noise impacts are expected. Noise from Construction Traffic on the Site Access Road Assuming that a haul route will pass the land around the power plant site at a distance of more than 60 m, the resulting predicted noise levels will be less than 60 dB(A), This noise ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapler 8- Page 453 (}( 586 May 2011 • Projecl No, 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.t.v~~.:;.srv. level is within the Egyptian and UK standards and, hence, no significant impacts are predicted. Noise from Construction Traffic on the Road Network Noise levels from traffic on local roads have been predicted for the peak construction activity, both with and without the potential construction traffic. Predicted noise levels at the roadside are shown on Table 6-14 below. Table 6-13 Indicative Worst-case Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receptors Predicted Noise Egyptian Standard Distance from I lever'; (dB(A)) Receptor Power Plant Site (dB A)) 1m) Night- Night­ Day-time Day-time time tlme Grains Silos structures 700 60 50 35 31 ! (to the North) i Cemetery (to the South) 550 60 50 39 ! 35 Residential Agricultural 300 60 50 41 39 Area (to the West) NoteS: (1) Categorizee as Residential- Commercial Area in Egyptian Standards. (2) PrediClee and assessee based on the methods set out In the UK cades of practice (BS 5228), using calculations of the combined sound power from all demolition and construction plant adjusted for usage 'ime. ES[A for Helwan Soufh Steam Power Plant Chapler 8~ Page 454 of 586 May 2011 ~ Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &!~~~V. Table 6-14 Roadside Noise Levels from Construction Traffic LAID, lBhour If) Receptor Without i With I Increasing construction ! Construction ! I KureimatlBeni-Suweif Arterial Road 66.2 I 66.5 ! + 0.3 Notes: (1) 18 ~our traffic flows derived from average ~GI 'y flows. The difference in noise levels at roadside receptors due to the construction traffic is only 0.3 dB(A), Increases in environmental noise levels of less than 2-3 dB(A) are not generally perceptible to the human ear, consequently no construction traffic noise impacts are predicted, Vibration from Construction Activities Measurements of vibration from construction plant have shown that, even from the worst case activity, i.e. percussive piling equipment, levels typically fall to imperceptibility beyond approximately 100m from the vibration source, Imperceptible levels are reached at much smaller distances from other sources of vibration, such as excavators, bulldozers and heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), Hence, because there are no receptors wHhin 100 m of the site no vibration impacts are expected, 6.4,5 Evaluation of Operational Noise and Vibration Noise Prediction Methodology The potential noise emissions from the power plant have been modeled using the Bruel and Kjaer "Predictor" noise model. The noise model breaks the plant down into individual point sources representing each item of equipment or structure that may produce a significant amount of noise. Sound power levels were assigned to each point source based on field measurements of similar equipment in existing power plants as well as vendors, data on noise impacts generated by each piece of machinery" providing representative emission levels without the implementation of any unusual noise controls applied, The individual noise sources included in the model are shown in Figure 6-30 and are listed below. • Steam Generators (Bailers), units 1 & 2 ; • Steam Turbines, units 1 & 2, • LCI/Generator Excitation Compartments, units 1 & 2; • Main Transformers; • Auxiliary Transformers; • Demineralization Plant; • Water Treatment Area; • various types of Pumps and Fans; and • Gas Reducing Station. Tab/e6-15 shows noise data on the main noise sources depicted in Figure 6-19. ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plar.t Chapler8- Page 455 of5&6 May .2.0 II - Projecl NO'. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6;~ ~ (;.sr\.l. Operational Noise The noise model has been used to predict noise contours in the area around the site. These are shown in Figure 6-31 through Figure 6-34. Table 6-16 gives the predicted noise levels at two locations relative to the site boundary. Table 6·15 Noise Data of the Main Noise Sources in Helwan South Power Project Center Frequencies, Hz LAoq LAeq Sou,co Type Remarks 63 125 250 500 1000 I 2000 4000 8000 dB dB(A) Turbil'lg 50urce Linear 100,7 93_1 82.4 75,0 64.0 SO.8 85.0 77.1 101.7 Given by _....­ EEHC A-Weigtrtad 74.7 76.1 7531 72.0 84.0 82.S 86.0 75.1 90,0 , ._._--­ Main Linear 92.0 87.0 87.0 83.0 8.3,0 80,0 77.0 56.0 95.0 Measured TranafO(mer by A-Weighted 66.0 70.0 60.0 800 83.0 82.0 78.0 54.0 88.0 Me Auxniary linear 81.0 8S.0 63.0 79,0 70,0 67.0 62.0 56.0 89J Measured TransfOrmer by A-Waiqhtsd 55.0 S~tO 76,0 76.0 70.0 69.0 s:to 54.0 I 80.3 MB Boiler! Feed Linear 90.0 97.0 98.0 100J) t02.0 99.0 95.0 87.(1 107,0 Given by Wafer Pumps EEHC A·Wl!lijJhted 64.0 80.0 91.0 Sl,G 1020 101.0 96.0 85.0 105 9 C.C.W. Linear 9f.O 92.0 93.0 95.0 97.0 94.0 90.0 86.0 102.3 Given by Equipment EEHC A-Weighted 65.0 75.0 86.0 92.G 97.0 "".0 91.0 84.0 101-1) Fuel Hea(er Linear 99.6 92.9 91,2 94.8 88..2 65.2 86.6 72.5 .... Ca!<:ulated byMB Gas Reducing Lilwar 68.2 68.9 69.5 70.7 75.5 8.0,4 70.7 62.3 82.9 GIVen by Station EEHC A-Wolghted 42.2 51,9 62.5 67.7 75.5 82.4 71.7 60.3 I 83,7 ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 456 of 586 May 201t- Proje<;t No. lS71 Table 6-16 Predicted Operational Noise Levels E9YPtia~ttandard World Bank Guideline Predicted Receptor {dB All (dB(Alll') Level "l5av-time Night-time Day-time Night-time (dB(All Fence of the Power Plant ,'J 60 50 50 45 < 50 100 m away from the Fence i 60 50 50 45 <50 of the Power Plant(!) I I I i Notes: (1) Categorized as "Residential- Commercial" in Egyptian standards and as "Residential, institutional and educaUonal" In World Bank guidelines. (2) If the specified noise criterion fS not met, the plant must not give rise to an increase in background levels of more than 3 dB(A) in order to comply w~h the guidance. EStA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 457 of586 May 2011 ~ Project Nn. 1573 Figure 6-30 Individual Point Sources of a Significant Amount of Noise in the Power Plant [Main Sources Inside the Power Plant (2D view)] ESIA for Helwan S,?uth Steam Power Piant Chapter 8- Page 458 of 586 May 2011 - Projecl No. 1573 ENGINEER~G CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~<:.t.-/~.;:..sr'\J.' Figure 6·31 Noise Contours for South Helwan Power Plant in Lden ESlA for Helwan SQuth Steam Po""er Plant Chapter 8· Page 459 or 586 May 2QII - PfQje~t No, J573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &t'\.:.:lJ~l:r.,/~~\.f. Figure 6·32 Noise Contours & isolines for South Helwan Power Plant in Lden ESlA fOf Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 460 of 586 May 20 II • ProJect No, 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &;~...u!l~~V Figure 6-33 Noise Contours & Calculated Values for Sorrth Helwan Power Plant in Lden ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 461 of586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~&;./~.;:.srV Figure 6·34 3D view Noise Gradient Contours for South Helwan power Plant in Lden ESIA for H(:lwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 462 of 586 May 20 II . Project No. Isn ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP .. d.~,;\.~ M~~.;.srV. The predicted operational noise levels at the site boundary are below the Egyptian and World Bank Standards for daytime and night-time noise. It should be noted that the predicted noise levels are based on conservative assumptions for noise attenuation and weather conditions. Therefore, noise from the operating plant is not expected to give rise to any significant noise impacts at receptors in the area. Superimposijion of the background noise in the area on the predicted operational noise levels will result in the overall noise levels complying with the Egyptian Environmental Law 4/1994 and Law 9/2009. All predictions indicate a full compliance at the station fence. Operational Vibrarion The design of the power plant will ensure thaI all rolaling machinery is correctly balanced and that reciprocaling equipment is vibration isolated, to ensure that vibration will be imperceptible beyond the site boundary. Since the nearest receptor is some distance from the power compound within the site there will be no vibration impacts from the operating plant. 6.4.6 Conclusion Predictions of unmitigated construction noise indicate that Egyptian and UK standards are met at all times and there will be no construction noise impacts. Neither will there be vibration impacts because the nearest receivers are distant from the working compound within the site. Egyptian and World Bank standards for operational noise are met at all receptors during daytime and night-time. Therefore. no significant noise impacts are expected. ~~- - - - - ..... .... ---.~~ .... ~~~~ ~--~ .....- - - - ESlA for Helwan $<}uth Steam power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 463 of 586 May 2011 " Project No" 1573 6.5 FLORA AND FAUNA 6.5.1 Introduction The assessment has examined the potential impacts of land take and disturbance of the proposed power plant on flora and fauna. 6.5.2 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase Ecological impacts usually arise through direct damage to biotic diversity or indirect disturbances to their habitats or their qualitative characteristics. The assessment process begins by identifying the activities during the construction and operation phases of the project. It then identifies the main significant biotic components of the receiving environment that may come under stress or damage due to those previously identified project activities. Interactions between the two groups of factors determines the types of impacts which then would be subject to a process of evaluation to determine which of the impacts are significant and which are not. Usually, only significant impacts would be subject to further analysis and suggestion of mitigation measures to reduce the impact effects. Ecological surveys of the project site and its Immediate surroundings have shown that all the floral species encountered are characteristic of this habitat and ecosystem. The project site represents one unit of the desert Nile bankal plain ecosystem that is replicated along the bankline of the Nile River. This reveals that such flora is very common to this region and the project hinterland and that none of them are of any ecological significance. In addition, the surveys have shown that the fauna of the site is of very poor diversity and includes species of very common occurrence and of low; or even none ecological Significance as well The site as a whole has a patchy and thin spotted vegetation cover. It does not seem to harbor any ecologically significant vegetation or fauna. However, this patchy vegetation cover may allow planners to avoid the spots where vegetation occurs as much as possible. Best environmental practices mandate the avoidance of un-necessary destruction of habitats, vegetation or direct damage to existing fauna. This is true even if the faunal and noral species are of no ecological or conservational value. Therefore, un-necessary clearance of vegetation specially those present in the salt marsh at the northern tip of the site will be avoided. Otherwise, it is not anticipated for the construction phase to cause any impacts of ecological significance on the terrestrial ecosystem. ---------~-- .. -- ---------- ESiA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 464 of 586 May 2011 - Projec~ No, 1573 6.5.3 Potential Impacts as a Result of Power Plant Operation Based on the identified flora and fauna of the project area (Section 5.7),it is not anticipated that there will be any further impacts to fauna and flora as a result of the operation of the power station. The stack measuring 150 m in height would not present an obstacle given that the area is not an area of migrating birds. However, with the inclusion of measures such as lighting, to increase the visibility of stack at night or during weather conditions with poor visibility, this impact is not expected to be significant 6.5.4 Mitigation Measures The potential impacts of the proposed development on any existing flora and fauna will be minimized as a result of the following mitigation measures: • noise will be controlled during construction and operation, and will dissipate rapidly with distance from source. Any disturbance during construction and operation will therefore be localized (see Section 6.4); • run-off from construction activities and any movement of contaminants disturbed along the land flats, will be attenuated and disposed of in a controlled manner (as described in Section 6.3) to ensure that surrounding species/habitats are not significantly affected; • proper mitigation measures will be incorporated in the design of the water intake and discharge to avoid negative impacts. Such mitigation measures are currently standardized worldwide (e.g. World Bank, 1991 & 1996); and • Ficus elastica var decora and FiCUS nitida will be used for decorating and landscaping the site when com pleting the new power plant. This is actually an economic process because one may obtain 200-300 individual plants from a single tree. 6.5.5 Conclusion Since the site itself and surrounding areas are poorly vegetated, the significance to flora and fauna is considered to be limited. Given that the potential impacts of construction and operation of the proposed power plant are localized, there are no predicted significant effects. ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plan! Chapter s~ Page 46S of 586 May 20I I ~ Project No. J513 6.6 LAND USE. LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT 6.6.1 Land use The surrounding land uses in the area constitute mainly grains soils and EI-Kureimat power complex to the north direction. To the west of the site is cultivated land, very narrow strip along the bankline of the Nile River. To the south is cemetery area and to the east wide extended desert land across the Kureimat / 8eni-Suweif arterial Road. No adverse impacts to the surrounding facilities or/and uses are anticipated. Potential impacts to the surrounding land uses include the effect of air emissions and the discharges to the aquatic environment, including any wastewater or thermal discharges. These impacts are addressed in the air quality and aquatic environment sections (Sections 6.2 and 6.3). Landscape and visual impacts are discussed below. 6.6.2 Landscape and Visual Impact The power plant will be a substantial structure with a stack height of 150m which. within the surrounding land uses, will be highly visible for 5;7km along the main arterial KureimatiBeni­ Suweif Road and few kilometers inland. All existing views in the area will not be strongly influenced by the construction of the power plant and, although the proposed power plant will emphasize the industrial appearance and scale of the local area complex, the potential additional visual impact will be mitigated by the existing industrial infrastructure, particularly the existing Nile River BOOT power plant with its 152m height stack. The wider character of the area is also industrialized, due to the heavily industrialized area of Iron & Steel, fertilizers, ceramics, and cement factories such that the visual intrusion of the power plant will be reduced against this context and backdrop. The one sensitive receptor in the area will be the residential complex of the power plant. From this premises the power plant will be seen in context with the existing industrial nature of the area, therefore although visible from this area the power plant is not regarded as being intrusive. Thus, while the power plant will be visible, the sensitivity of the landscape is very limited. It is anticipated that the large scale of the industrial and surrounding landscape will be able to visually accommodate the structures of the power plant in an industrial context. Hence, the landscape impacts are predicted to be minor. 6.6.3 Conclusion Due to the existing land uses in the area, the lack of any sensitive landscape resources or nearby receptors, the potential landscape and visual impact of the project will be minor and not significant. 6.7 SOILS, GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY 6.7.1 Introduction The assessment of the impact of the proposed development on the soil, geology and hydrogeology has considered the following issues: • physical effects of construction activities on the soil profile; ESIA for Helwan SQuth Steam Fowe. Plant Chapter 8· Page 466 of 586 May 2011 Project N< N N M - N M II 00 ... ... 8 >- >- N r-­ 8 N '-D 8 N U") 8 N 8 8 8 8 8 8 s:;; M ~ M ~ M ~ N f'2 N s:;; N (Aep 11.j; and compliance with local fire protection systems. A Fire Safety Plan will be developed and will be implemented prior to power plant commissioning. A permit from the Egyptian Civil Defense Authority is required prior to plant operation. An Industrial Hazard Assessment has not been undertaken and is not considered necessary since: • measures will be incorporated into the design of the plant to minimize the risk from fire ESlA for He\wan Soulh Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 493 ofS86 May 201 1 ~ ProjC(;t No_ 1573 and explosion; and • the third party industrial facility within 2 km of the site does not represent a significant risk of a major accident hazard to the power plant e.g. from fire, explosion, release of toxic gases etc. A Quantitative Risk Assessment is conducted separately and submitted as a "stand alone" document with this ES IA study report (1) Flash Point i. 5S'C: Normal storage temperature for the fuel will be 35"C. (2) NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Plants and High Voltage DICec! Current Converter Stations, 1996. 6.13 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 6.13.1 General Recycling, storage, transportation and disposal measures are recommended to avoid or minimize potential adverse impacts. The UEEPC will incorporate these recommendations into a Waste Management Plan that incorporates site specific factors, such as the designation of areas for the segregation and temporary storage of reusable and recyclable materials. Waste management options can be categorized in term of preference from an environmental viewpoint. The options considered to be more preferable have the least impacts and are more sustainable in a long term context Hence, the hierarchy is as follows: • Avoidance and minimization by not generating wasle; • Reusing materials and therefore avoiding disposal; • Recovery and recycling, avoiding disposa!; and • Treatment and disposal, according to relevant laws, guidelines and good practice. For unavoidable wastes, reuse, recycling and optimal disposal are most practical when segregation occurs on the site, as follows: • Public fill (inert) for disposal at public filling areas; • Construction waste (non· inert) for landfill; • Chemical waste for treatment at licensed facilities; and • General refuse for disposal at landfill. Specifically, it is recommended that: • Wastes should be handled and stored in a manner which ensures that they are held securely without loss or leakage thereby minimizing the potential for pollution; • Only reputable waste colleclors authorized to collecl the specific category of waste concerned will be employed; • Appropriate measures will be employed to minimize windblown litler and dust during transportation by either covering trucks or transporting wastes in enclosed containers; • The necessary waste disposal permits will be obtained from the appropriate authorities, if they are required, in accordance with the Waste Disposal Regulation and the ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Planl Chapter 8- Page 494 of 586 May 201 [ ~ Project NQ. l573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d..t.v~ ~~.;sr"V. Government Land Ordinance; • Collection of general refuse will be carried out frequently. preferably daily; • Waste will only be disposed of at licensed sites and site staff and the civil engineering Contractor will develop procedures to ensure that illegal disposal of wastes does not occur; • Waste storage areas will be well maintained and cleaned regularly; and • Records will be maintained of the quantities of wastes generated. recycled and disposed. determined by weighing each load. Training and instruction of construction and operation staff will be given at the site to increase awareness and draw atlention to waste management issues and the need to minimize waste generation. Thee training requirements will be included in a site waste management plan. 6.13.2 Hazardous Materials and Wastes Construction and Operation Phase The management of hazardous materials and wastes will include the following measures: • Classification. characterization and coding. • On-site storage and handling. • Transportation. Management considerations involved in all these three main stages may be summarized as follows: • Classification, Characterization and Coding According to the Egyptian classification system certain classes of chemical materials and wastes are specifically listed as being hazardous. Codes for these types of hazardous materials and waste have been defined. Wastes are known as "Listed Hazardous Wastes". • On·Site Storage and Handling Improper storage of hazardous wastes can cause serious accidents. health and safety problems. and damage to the environment. Hazardous waste storage facilities can be either on-site, at the property where the waste is generated. or off-site. at a common hazardous waste storage (plant warehouse, laboratory. "etc.) and disposal facility. EEAA recommends the use of three types of on-site storage facilities: Storage in drums. containing small quantities of liquid or solid waste (easy to handle and allows for easy segregation of incompatible wastes such as corrosive and reactive wastes). Storage in tanks for bulk quantities of liquids. Tanks can be constructed above ground or buried underground. EEAA does not recommend underground tanks because of their ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8 w Page 495 of586 May 2011 ~ Project No 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTA:~S GROUP Crv~~ b;-/~.;.srv. complexity and the high risk of environmental damage. Liquids should be periodically pumped to on-site treatment systems or transferred to tankers for off-site treatment and disposal. Storage in large containers (generally of steel from 1 to 20 tons in capacity) for bulk quantities of solids. The containers are designed to be hauled by trucks to an off-site disposal facility and returned for refilling. • Transportation Operational procedures include the following: Permitting for hazardous waste transportation Permitting requirements Article 26 of the Executive Regulations of Law 4-1994 identifies the requirements and conditions for permitting Hazardous Wastes (HW) handling. Hazardous waste transportation can be carried out by road, railways or vessels. The transporter license application requires that the intended mode(s} of transportation be specified. In this respect, the means of transport used (vehicles, rail wagons or vessels) need to conform to set technical and safety specifications and equipment. Figure 6-36 depicts HW transportation system. With these management procedures, no significant impacts from the management of hazardous wastes, particularly during demolition phase, will occur. ESrA fOf He1wan ${:.uth Steam Power Plant Chapler 8- Page 496 of 586 May2011-PmjectNo.1573 Figure 6·36 Hazardous Wastes Transporting System Competent Regulatory Authority I Permitting/EnforcementiMonitorlng and Inspectior; ------------ IWaste movement aste movement Treatmen Haz. Waste • Haz. Waste Transporter ---------+. Disposal V Hazardous Waste Generator: Hazardous Waste Transporter: Treatmenlldisposal Facility: • Proper waste identification and • Obtain necessary permits • Only accept waste properly classificaljon • Use vehicles with proper identified and where applicable • Waste labeling and packaging specifications and placards packaged and labeled where applicable • !mplement necessary safety • Use the manifest • Ensure that transporter and procedures and use safety • Ensure that transporter has a TDII) facility used have the equipment HW transportation license necessary HW licenses • Follow the agreed~upon routing • Carry out vehicle cleaning • Use of manifest • Carry out vehicle maintenance before it leaves the facility and cleaning Regulator: • Training of all staff • Grant permits • Only accept waste properly • Implement permit conditions identified and where applicable • Revoke permits in case of packaged and labeled violation • Use of manifest • Enforce and monitor use of manifest • Carry out inspection to verify that aenerator/transporter and TDF ) carry out their responsibilities (1) TO - Treatment and Disposal (2) TDF • Treatment and Disposal Facility EStA ror H~lwan Snuth Steam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 497 or 586 May 20 II • Project No, 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP d.tv'\;.:IJ...t.b(;;;/~;.srv. 6.13.3 Solid Wastes construction and Operational Phase A natural gas power plant produces no ash and only a low quantity of other solid wastes during construction and operation. These include the following: • Construction waste: contaminated spoil. oil drums etc.; • General plant wastes: oily rags, broken and rusted metal and machine parts, defective or broken electrical parts, empty containers, miscellaneous refuse; • Raw water pre-treatment sludge: from build-up of solid residues in the raw water pre­ treatment system; • Tank sludge: solid residues which build up in process chemical storage tanks; • Oil Interceptor sludge: from drainage interceptors used to remove solids and oils and grease from effluent; • Packaging waste: from operational consumable supplies; and • Commercial wastes: from offices, canteen and staff facilities. Wastes generated at and by the plant will be evacuated from the site by licensed contractors. Final disposal of wastes will be to waste treatment plants or local landfill sites, as agreed by the relevant Competent Administrative Authority. To ensure that impacts from solid waste generation and disposal are successfully avoided, the following mitigation measures will be undertaken during plant construction and operation: • all waste taken off site will be carried out by a licensed waste contractor and UEEPC will audit the disposal procedure; • all solid waste will be segregated into different waste types, collected and stored on site in designated storage facilities and areas prior to release to off-site disposal facilities; • all relevant conSignments of waste for disposal, will be recorded, indicating their type, destination and other relevant information, prior to being taken off site; and • standards for storage area, management systems and disposal facilities will be agreed with the relevant parties. The environmental engineer will be responsible for solid waste management at the Site and will ensure that all wastes are managed to minimize any environmental risks. With the adoption of these mitigation measures, the impacts of solid waste generated by the construction and operation of the power plant are not predicted to be significant. ----~ .... ~~ ..... - ----------------------­ ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter a~ Page 498 of 586 May 2011 ~ Project No.1 S7.3 6.14 PUBLIC HEALTH 6.14.1 Air Pollution The key issue in relation to public health is the potential effects of air pollution from the plant's stack emissions. The assessment of air quality impacts presented in Section 6.2 demonstrates that ground level pollutant concentrations as a result of emissions from the power plant will not significantly affect air quality. Hence, the health risks from stack emissions are not considered to be significant. 6.14.2 Disease Vectors The proposed power plant includes a range of mitigation which will prevent the encouragement of disease vectors, such as rodents or insects. These measures include the following: • provision of sanitation during construction and operation; • control and management of solid wastes; • provision of potable and process water supplies; and • disposal of site drainage and. effluent. With these mitigation measures, the potential for encouragement of disease vectors is low. 6,15 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES 6.15.1 Safety Issues The proposed Helwan South power plant site is currently unused empty land, and no environmental features or characteristics have been identified which could cause special occupational health and safety impacts. In particular, there is no soil contamination will be present and no special construction techniques are expected to be required to build the power plant. In addition, there are no other activities bordering the site (only Sues Nile BOOT power plant to the immediate south and the southern fence of the Helwan South port area to the immediate north) and therefore no safety issues associated with third-parties are anticipated. The project company will establish and integrate policies and procedures on occupational health and safety into the operation of the power plant. Emergency and accident response procedures will also be included in the operation manual for the power plant. In particular, construction and operation activities will be carried out on the following basis: • compliance with internatlo",,1 ~tandards for good construction and operational practices; • adherence to local and international guidance and codes of practice on EHS management during construction and operation; • management, supervision, monitoring and record-keeping as set out in the plant's operational manual; • implementation of EHS procedures as a condition of contract with contractors and their sub-contractors; - - - _..... _ ­ ES1A ror Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter g. Page 499 of 586 May 20 J 1 ~ Project No. 1513 • clear definition of the EHS roles and responsibilities of the compaNiles involved in construction and to individual staff (including the nomination of EHS supervisors during construction and an EHS coordinator during operation); • preeconstruction and operation assessment of the EHS risks and hazards associated with construction and operation, including consideration of local cuKural attitudes, education level of workforce and local work practices; • provision of appropriate training on EHS issues for all construction and operation workers, including initial induction and regular refresher training, taking into account local cultural issues; • provision of health and safety information; • regular inspection, review and recording of EHS performance; and • maintenance of a high standard of housekeeping at all times. Given the provision of this high standard of heaKh and safety management on site. construction and operation of the power plant in accordance with good industry practice and the lack of any adverse features/characteristics of the site, the occupational health and safety risks associated with construction and operation of the power plant will be minimized. 6.16 ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE Connections to the national gas. and electrical infrastructure will be the responsibility of EGAS/GASCo, EETC/EEHC, and UEEPC respectively. Key potential impacts that will be considered include: • land use; and • existence of residential communities. 6.16.1 Gas Pipeline A new gas pipeline will be constructed to extend from existing gas network joint at Dahshour and will run parallel to the western bank of the Nile and reach the Helwan South site from the west across the Nile River. EEHC/UEEPC has already submitted a request to EGAS I GASCo for their gas needs for the new plant which will necessitate an additional pipeline, and which will follow a proposed route and buried in the route trenching. Any required modification, including any environmental impact will be identified and mitigated/managed by EGAS/ GASCo. GASCo has already prepared a separate ESIAlRPF for the gas pipeline project. Figures 6 37and 6-38 illustrate where this gas pipeline comes from. e 6.16.2 Transmission Lines The Helwan South power plant will be connecled to the Egyptian Unified Power System (UPS), which is owned and operated by the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC), an affiliate company to the EEHC, via connecting transmission lines. Connection methodology includes interconnection to the 500 kV network as follows: ESIA for Hetwan South $learn Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 500 of 586 May 2011 - Projeet No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~~.;.srV • Construct 500 kV O.H.T.L double circuit SHPP(') 5001 Minya East 500(proposed) with length of about 200 km. • Construct 500 kV O.H.T.L double circuH SHPP 5001 Badr 500 (under constnction) with length of about 150 km. Land expropriation is not likely. However, in ord~'! ,.' handle any potential future changes a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is prepared by ECG separately in a stand alone document to be attached with this ESIA report. Good compensation, if any. will be paid for the right of way according to the Law 63 of the Year 1974. Figure 6-39 depic,g the proposed siP(J'u line diagram of the interconnection methodology set out by the EEHC .,nd Figure 6-40 presents an illustrative map for the new proposed transmission interconnecting lines. EETC and UEEPC will submit a Screening Form B to the EEAA concerning this interconnection. No significant impacts are anticipated. (*) SHPP - South Helwan Power Plant. - - - -.. ~--~.~.- .. ---~ ES[A for Helwan South Steam Power Ptant Chapter 8- Page 501 orSS6 May 20 II ~ Project No. 1513 ENGINEERING CONSULTAl"ITS GROUP ~~ ~~,;.sr\l. Figure 6·37 Proposed Gas Supply Pipeline ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 502 of 586 May 2011 - Project No, 1571 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dtt.r\..::.,:L/~ ~~ (;.srv Figure 6-38 Topography of the New Gas Pipeline Routing f,~"fk\"\nli:'~h''V'"'' l~'''lll ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 503 ofS86 May 2011 ~ Projcci No 1573 Figure 6-39 Schematic Diagram for the E/ectrica//nterconnection of the He/wan South Power Project , I I :.': ,I 1 -I' T 1- -,: '1:"'\ ­ !£ltl"l - :.:::....c;6J ,.. I~ I I ,,1 11 ~- r7- . - _ --_-_-_= il : : . . - (IIJ II II II ..... "':;,,......-If­ . r.:_- - ....;;;;I;; ........,...\........... 1111 - , T),: - - - ­ I I II =- I I 0._ .~;;;;,t i-+­ - I I II I I ;;- ,;, =- -..J- ff ..­ ,r--Q;i I I T Y T_-;;:;:;"-I-_ r; =- . Operation 1"\- ~. (,ivil Dp.nt Deat StOres & n._ Procurement MJlInn<'lw~r I&CLab. Workshoo Dept. ESlA for Helwan South Sleam Power Plant Chapter S- Page 520 of 586 May 2011 Project No. l573 EN~~G CONSULTAl"ITS GROUl' O::v~ ~:;.sr\f. Environmental Management Staff (EMS) within the Project Management Unit (PMU) Prior to Operation - EEHC Helwan South rh.". ......... oan During Opel on PROJECT EEHe Executive !--­ EEHC Head of PMU J Rf\o::tTt-l MpmhPT for J Pnvt1"(mmf"nt~ I H.lwanS ~ ~RJ ~~ PLANT MAl Assistant Project {JEEPC Manager - ~~~~ rh~irm~n ~- ~ Assistant Plant Manae:er -L I Head of ENGINEERING CONSULTANT r- H ..J ENVIRONMENTAL Management Staff (EMS) Head of Environmental (PGESCo) ~ (,:'~rr_) - Air Quality r- Monitoring . 'Implementation I i ofESMP Noise 1­ Monitoring Environmental Water Effluents r-­ I- Monitoring & Reporting r-­ Occupational Health & Safety Data Colle-dian for Physical Environmental Condition to Environmental Data Support Engineering Collection & Environmental r-­ Management & F.SlA fur Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter8~ Page52lof586 May 2011 Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP b;../"~ (;.srv. Table 8·1 Recommended Training Required for the PMUIEMS Training Course ! Contcnts I Type of Participants Proposed : Cost estimate Training Scheduling (L.E.1 Genera! EHS Training: • General operation of Classroom All power plant Once before Inclooed in • Induction Training the power plant. and staff, including EMS. project constl1Jction .& operation cost on AppoIntment • Specific job roles and On-job implementation • Specialist Training procedures. training, and during (around US$ • Refresher Training • Occupational Health .& operation for 145<) (as required) Safety: refresher · general area safety; training. · · specific job safely; general electrical satety; · handling of hazardous materials; entry into confined spaces; · hearing consetvation; · repetitive stress disorders; : · Code of Safe Practices: · use of personal prolective equipment; and ! · flrst-aid. • Contingency Plans & : Emergencv Procedures. . Special· Environmen"tal • Allover Environmental Classroom EMS. Once before­ Included in Training on Performance of the P.P. and (3-4 staff projed construction & Environmenta! Aspects of Power Generation and Monitoring, · Day~tO-day monitoring activities. On~ob training. members) implementation and monitoring program, operation cost. (around USS 10 k) • Monitoring the stack emissions. • Collection & analysis of air quality data. · Monitoring the water effiuents, • Collection & analysts of water quality I information. • Use of monitoring eqUipment, operation I and maintenance, " , • Industrial Hvaiene. I Environmental Auditing • Environmental Auditing Classroom EMS, I Once aner Included in and Inspection, Techniques. and project operation COst. including periodic safety • Aud1Ung Checklists. Field implementation (around US$ audits · Environmental Auditing Reports. Exercises. 10 k) · Safety Audits: · Physical Inspections: · Review Of plan! I records: · Interviews with staff. Social • Communications Skins. ClassroomI EMS. Once before i Included in Communications • Mass Communications, and , Field project Implementation I i construction & operation cost , Exercises. and monitoring (a~)nd US$ i proGram. 10 k ESIA for Helwan South Steam ?ower Plant Chapler 8~ Page 523 of 586 May lOll» Project No. 1513 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Mth the quarterly monitoring will start environmental and Management SiaN (EMS) (will include 3-4 (EEM) and EEHC Chairman Consultant Sita Manager Compliance Voith E$MP With the commencement 01 social issues steff membe~. B.Se. endlor 5 yea~ high Ongoing training construction phase technical education). construction phase Basic training of pe~on5 ernplo~ed to Basic Tl'lIining opel'llta tha monl\onng ac;tillitles Basic Induction Tl'lIining Basic induction Il'l1ining for all emp:oyees on good construction and sile Air quality continuous management practiCE! monitoring will 618rt 6 months ahead of commissioning Training since that time is includad in air quality monitoring package Training time and cost (included in construction cost) (around USS 155 k) UEEPC I'lIsponsibility Operation Phase Insti.lutional Eslablishmen! of the Project Ma:lagemen( Prior to starting operaUor. Quarterly to EEHC & EEHC PMUfEMS UEEPC Project Manager in Training programs InCluded in air quatity capacity \0 address Unit (PMU). including the Envi'D~~ental Envlronmenlal Management CQllabol'll~on with the monitoring package environmental and Mana~ment SteN (EMS) (WI!! ;nciL.de 3-4 (EEM) Consultant Site Manager Compliance wijth ESMP aocial issues stat'! members. B.Sc. andfor 5 years high Training uma and cost technical educa~on). opel1ltion phase Ongoing training (Included in operation cost) Basic training of persons employed to (around USS 20 k) operate tha monitoring activities. UEEPC responsibility Induction. specific and refresher training for all employees on good operation mana~menl practice. Training methode. facilities & rnar.uals Notes: (*) UEEPC responsibility: means that trainhg anc '~'70!city building activities are included in the company organizational structure and budget. ESLA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 527 of586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~J.0~~'V. Table 8-4 Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures" _~es~ns ~!yp. a!:,:,. !uuelitrlpaet Mitigation Measures Impl.mentan on Schedule Monltortng Implementation Supervision Monltor1ng lndlcators FreqlHtncy of Man~ment Indlcatlve Cost I :~~r:W~~ and raining Estlmata (Un) All'QlUJilfY Ol.!$t .m~sion.s caused by c:or)sttuction Implementation or good $,1e practices including: 8._ COl'l$\ruction i Before CQn~!!M~ljgn ~ r.ons, icll'on until 6 Implementation OfGooQ Site UEEPC Pr;.)jeC1 Manager in Dust le>iels (TSP, PM,c) Quarterly reporting of UEEPC/PMU responsible for Mitigation Measures, O'Ind during Management coU.aboration summary results management of Management activities, construction on ahead 0 pr;!lctiees shall • appropriate siting and with the NO~. SO~, CO (or mOre if the air quality time and costs construction Commissioning' maintenance ot stocKpiles or initiate baseline ai~ be~he Consultant Site le\lels, requesled) and monitoring (included in vehicle friable materialS so as to responsibility of Manager subm!!ted 10 the sYiIllem. constructIOn mO'l&ments. and quality sUNey ot main all contrac:torn: minlm~e dU$1 blow; EEIiC and any S ubm I$$"ion of costs) transport of pollutants, partiCtJlarly on sile under other concemed N02, S02, CO, TSP annual $umm~ friable superviI$ion of authOrity, (e.g. reports 10 EEH 8a$eline Air cOnstruction • minimizing drop heights for and PM10 using third malerial transfer actiVities thePMUfEMS EEAA, we, and any other Quality materials. party measuHlmenu on and the iIluch as unloading of friable etc.). concemed Monitoring: a quarterly baillfs. ASiIlistant Plant ma1ertals; authartty. . During Construet!on 6: Manager. .Months aheait Of Sask: training of First constNc:tion • COO$1NCtion phase 10 begin with constructIon Of access roads; CommiSSiOning· Initiate bueline air ""''' emplOyed to period; third party monltOOng quality survey of NO? , operate and (e.g. NatiOnal S02, CO, TSP and: maintain the R.esearctl • roads will be kept damp \tla it PM 10 using atr quality monlorin$l Center), fOUf water bowser; monitors: and t:Ontinue system. times a year until during 6 montht. using t:Ontinuous • roads will be compacted and UEEPC/PMU to monitoring: graveled if necessaty~ Two analyzer stations ensure all USS$70K will be electron;call~ conlraC1ors and connected 11) the E AA subcontraetors Second • site roads will be mainlained ambient monitoring WOrktng on sile consiruclion in good order; system. are aware ot peri;ld; 6 months ESMP and all ahNdof Measurements and employees are • regulation of site access; commissioning: analysis Of these given basic Permanent pollutants to be made induction lntining Continuous • sheeting of lorries on a continUOus basis on good Monitoring transporting friable by a trained staff construction materials at"ld C(\flsirucbon and System-approx. assigned by site US$1000­ spall; UEEPClHPP and management 1SOOK plus aubmltted to EEHC for praC1lCe. management • enfo~ent or vehicle S;pee:;! reporting to any time & reporting. limits 00 unmetalied roads 10 CI..lf1Cemed authoray. <35 kmlh. (*) EnvIronmental ragulallons ara to be Included in all constl'llctlon contracts. ESlA for Heiwnn South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 528 of 586 May 20ll - ProJ"'''o 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~L~.;.sr\1. Table 8-4 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, MonitOring and Management Measurei' Issue/Impact Mltlgatlon Measures Implemen1aUQn Monitoring •• n~~~I~!•.1 . - Monitoring .!vpe .~,? Frequency of Man~ement Indicative Cost Schedule Imp'.~tIO" Supervision Indicators Reportln~~ and ralnfng Estimate (USS) monitQrin Aquotlc En'Wrol'll!'h'!'1tt Dredging and The following measures will be Duong Off bankline sUNey Implementation UEEPC Projecl Aclual Quartsl!), UEEPCIPMU to MitigatiM construclion of taken: construction of undertaken 0ct0be1 otGood S!\e Managerlr. parameters to reporting of ensure aU MeasureS: the intake Intake atl:d 2010 along 5 profdes Management coUabomtiOr! be measured. sumrnary results contractors 8r1G Management structure and t:liseharglll 1lvrrtlng the site. practices shall with the {or more if' subconlraUors • Construction Method time and costs water discharge Statement to be produced strucliJres be the Consultant Site requested} and working on site Report to be (induded in structure. responsibility of Manager. submrtted to the by the Contractor, maintained tor Jaler are aware of construction monitoring and all contractors EEHC and any ESMP and iI!1 cost). Increased • df¢OgllKl areas limited 10 evaluation during on $.ite under other concerned emplo~es are $.uspended supervision of authority. (e.g. minimum area required; operation. Priven basic: Water quabty sedimenl and thePMUfEMS EEAA,WB, nduclron training measurement .,. pollutant lOads, Continuous viSual and the etc.). on good costs (between permanent • d~osal (If dre:erted on Joeal facUlties and supplies The local communHies shan be given !jl:orily in suppfying goods end services demanded by the project and its employeeS. senior and professional staff 0' the construction companies wi!! opt to reside in the near·by city of Ben;' Suweif which hn adequate racHlties to cater for the Profect W'O;kers. Lodgiflg requirements of the operational staff wi~ be covered through extel'lSiOflS available to residential community of the Kureimat Power Comple>:, 7.5 km nonh­ east of the ptOjeet site. No additional land acquisitiOn Is needed The contractors will be responsible for rele¥ant temporary water f toilet facilities duling constNction am:! the need 10 pt'ovide appropriate services will be specified in their consifec\s. M Envlronm.nUiI regulations are 10 be Included In all construction contracb. ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 534 of 5S6 May 2011 ~ Pr<)ject No. i 573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~b/.Ji) ~~.:;sr\l. Table 8-4 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measu,..,,fI - - - -------- " Responslbility I Typ& ahd Implementatlon MonItoring P,*quenc:y of Man~ement tndicatJve Cost lssuellmpact MiUgatlon Measures Mont:o rtng I ~:~~J:~ Schedule Implementation SUpervl$!Qn lndica'lots and raining Estimate: (USS) SOl-'1Q­ l£CGMmk Hnl'l({)rrml'lIF Positive Tnlnsmission Jines will connet;( (he DUl1ng Record local PMUlEMS O'Ind UEEPC Proje'C'I Wort.ers Editmg it special Re:sponsibUilyof Responaibililyof lmptlCls powerpt.ntto existing $ubstation$ construclion. emplOyment the Assistant Manager in satisfaction as "'port UEEPCIPMU UEEPC. identdied. fOllOwing new routes. Also, a new provided by the Plant Manager collaboration measured by g!:~\1..nexed to employees will the ESIA be given basic induction training on safeguard and protection poncles and praetiees. ,.) Environmental regulatlons.11II to belne/uded in all constructIon contracts. ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 537 (If 586 May 2011 ~ Pmject No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 2x:v'\:A/..dl ~:,.srv Table 8-4 leonId.) Construction Impact Mitigation. Monitoring and Management Measures(") ~~" --- ~- . ReSDOnslbil1tV Type s,nd I MltlgaUort Mea$:.;r<:~s !mp!~ment.atJon Monitoring Monitoring Frequency of Man¥J:ement !lndkatlW Cost Issuel'lmpact Schedule Implementation Supervlston IndicatorS Reportlngl and N4lnlng EstJmat. (USS) monitoring I CQ/rtrnumcabJe I DW:aus I Treining programs and heatth and . s.afety measures will induce Dumg construction ~i!y inspectIOn Is required to Implementation of Good Site UEEPCIHSPP Assistant Plant Management procedures in Daily lIEEPCto ensure the iraining and aWareneS$ will knowledge about HIV/AIDS contract ensure the Management Manager plaoe. 6~ monthly contractor and require awareness. pt'$VenliOn and mplementation practices and the reportjng or subcontractor,) management treatment. Of safeguard and safegUard arn1 Consultant Workers health summary results for workers on time pIUs costs protection plans protectlon polieies Engineer Site and safely as and tlUbmttied to site indude otupto USS Specialized service provider will be and practices shalt be the Manager measured by the C:EHC and reference to the SDK. sUb-contracted by the Consuitiflg during responsibility of no, of ill cases" other concerned requirements QI Engineer ena inclUded in ~"(! SoC oonstruc!ion the contractor and EEHC authority (e.g. the ESMP and depending on the approach subcontractors on EEAA, are aware of the site under Flnenders, elc.) :safegUard and The seNiee provider would also ':3;;'; supervision of the If required. protection abOut other communicable dlseases UEEPCIHSPP. policies aM such as STO, TB and HepaHtls Band p! and all wasles and safe storage; p~ctices during supervision of the These reports. employees ate (3) rerording 01 eonsignments tor constructIOn. PMUJEMS and are to be gNen basic disposal; the Assistant submitted to inductIOn training (4) prior agre«nerrt: of standards fer Plant Manager any oUler On good storage, management and concerned comtructlOn and depOs.al wlth relevO:n{ authorities, a\lttiOrity (e.9. EEAA. WB, ••• management etc.), if practices, It Is 01 highest Importance that required. final disposal ofwute:s shall be &tliCtly adhered to environment fri.ndly dl$posal Contract, I r) Environmental rngulaUoO:lj are to be InClUded 1n all construction contracts. I ESlA for Helwan South Steam POVl"ef Plant Chapter 8~ Page 540 of 586 May 2Ull ~ Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP W~ b;./~:;'Sr'\f. Table 8-4 (Contd.) ls$yft/lmpact MItigation Measures Consttuction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures("} impiementaUon Sthechile Monltortng Implementatlon •• ","""'" Supervlslon MonllQrlng IMleatora .... .:. ~.:'. F.-.qwncyof Reporting I monitoring Man?,ement and raining Indh:a:tlve CO$t E$tlmate (U5$) {)cClIpoJloftllf Heallh & S!if~ry Good lOCal and inlem.ational During Daily inspection Implementation of UEEPC Project Mana)lement Daily inspection UEEPC/PMU to MitigatIOn constructIOn practlce in Elwlronmenl, construction. is required 10 Good Site Manager in proce Monitors (see plant. und to be above local a"d area predicted to have SOx and CO). Government and constructIOn Wortd Bank stande:rd$ oplions the highest lfnpacts on VIJ8 etc. (or more management forfLIrlhet mitigation will be humans (as there are fl'equently if tablet), discussed, no o\I'I.er sensitive ~jred) envronments). The hig lighting key anal'{mr station near or feature::sand wlthfl the site comrs:rin g Annual SMViciOg, boundaries will include I resu s with air calipration & a continuous monitor quality standards f'Unnmg cos!!: of meteorological and preuiction in included In eornlilions ES!A tepon operation cost (temperature, wind speed, wind direction and miXing heights), The analyzer stations will be eiectronir;.aUl connected to the E AA ambient monAoring system, ~~- ESJA for He!wan South Steam Power Plant Chapte, 8- Page 542 of 5R6 May2011-ProjectNo.1573 ENGL~EERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP 0.:.v\:.).J...tXl b;.-/'"~~v. Table 8·5 (Contd.) Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management .s n. , .!rP<' '~:!. IssueJimpact MItigation Measure:;; Implementation Monttortng MOI'Iltorlng FI'$quencyof Man~ement indlc.tI.... Cost Schedule lro~tlon SupervisIon Irtdleators Reportingl and raIning Estimato (US$} mO!1itorlri'o Aqltolic Environment The design of the intake and Ufetime of the UEEPClHPPi UEEPC Top BS$irC Monthty reports =~~t Plepare regullJl' water Records will be Discharge of coo~ water structures r.sve plant EMS Management parametSfS from kept and process and qualrty monttQflOg program cooling water. alre y in¢OfpOr.rled measures to reduce ltripaet$. In addition, fndudlng: 1) qUaily of at! water prlot Assistant Plant EEHC as per the Law UEEPC/HPJ>/ EMS to EEHC com\:::"" on I1!IgIJ basis f implementation Oiane ag.ins11i9rJ:';' ' good site mana.sement Manager. Environmental 4811962 management practices rnclUOU'lg the fOllowing 10 disCharge Mana~ement and Law Continuous and W ank practiCes will be implemented: (eon~nuQt.l .. & Stu res 9311962 moo~ortn~' standards and InclUded in 1) neultaUzatiOn, 011 sepu!'tl.linn, floceotaUon and I'lltratiOn 01 any contaminated water monitoring of all drscharged WTIlter for temperature and pH, SeC'tor. water qua' elc. Momhly rsdicl.. in impactll SiA. operation cost All costs al'$ before discharge Ie either daily monitonnij 01 monttof'ln3 of included in plantation irrigation network ~hl meta 15 and Summary operatiOn cost jXOCe:5s waler for COD, .her po!ll.,rtants. repons (with any or the EI-Kata sewer network. TSS, oil & grease and (if dose to the site); 2) no disposal of solid w2lhtes re~uel chlorlne and monthly monltor!ng ot 3-fflonltlly mootloring of the "'""'&""'"to the lden led) wUl be $ubn'litted or waste water Into the light meta!$. and other plume. Government discharge structure; pollutants) and vva el<:. 01'1 3) reguJar malntenanee uf site Annual annual review 2) ambient water quality to monitoring of basiS (or more drainage system to ensure the area affected by the benthiC frequentty if etrlClenl operation; diSCharge plume (3­ environment required). 4) all diSCharges WID comply monthly monitorlng of (over a 3 year with local Egyptian and temperature, pH, COO, period). UEEPCIHPP{EM World Bank guidelines. BOO, TOC, 00, TSS, oil S to ensure thet & grease, residual weekly all employees In addition, UEEPCJHPP will mOnitOrin~ of are given basic demonatrate the validity of the chlorine, light metels and FiSh Cate es on induction training conclusioM drawn In the c.SiA other pollutants. intake screens on Ihe report. If pollutant Annual monltortng of (over a 1 year requirements of concentrations in the dlso:;rarge or imftaccs to the surrouMin~ aqua iC envirOtlmen1 arn fOIJ'1d benthic environment wi1hin a 2 km radius of the period. Reports are to ,,,. the ESMP, good management discharge point (o~r a 3 to be above lOcal and WC"f'd be available to ~actices and Bank standards or unacceptable, optIOns fa" ! yor par1od) Weekly monitoring of fish any or the concerning 80S pmcedures. The AssiStant I funher mitigation wi\! be calches on Intaka screens 8utholitie$ Plant Manager discuned. incIu-ding species, num­ (EEAA, WB, willen$ure bers and so (ov.r a 1 elc.). implementation year partod), of pnxedures. FSlA for Helwdll South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 543 of 586 May2011 ProjectNo.1573 ENGINEERUliG CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~0:/~.;:.st\J.' Table 8-S (Contd.) Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management ~ponsl ypeand impl9mentll;Uon Mon!tol1ng Monitoring Fraquencyof Man~.ment and Indle.ove Cost lSs.ue/impact Mitigation Measure's Schedule Implementation Supervi$lon lndleators Reporting! raining . Estimate (US$) mcnltOrina Nuise SpeejflC design mitigatIOn measures Duong firsi year When the plant UEEPClHPPJEMS UEEPC Top Power plant Quarterly to Should any Minimal CO$ts to mll'llmlle noi'tle Impacts inclUde: of operation. is tully Management compliance UEEPC and complaints be (up to USS 10K operationall, Third party audit wilh ESMP. EEHC. received per annum) noise audit supeMsed by EEHC regarding; noise, requited for measurements AssIslant Plant Envifonmental Monthly these will be provision of • gu turbines. steam u.:rbine Management & are to be carried Manager reporting of logged and the protectille wear generators; air oomptessof$, Stodies Sedor. out at noise svmmary results Assistant Plant (induded in pump$ and emergency {ilJ)tsel (crmoreif engines are enelOsed :n SQUr<.:es and at ManagerwlH operation cost), reque$\ed) and bulklings; !he fence cf the sut>mltted to the Investigate pOWf:r plant as EEHC and any prnbiem. weD as at noise other concerned No further • air compressors are equipped receptors around authority (e.g. mitigation or with slleneel'$, the: plant. EaM, WB, UEEPCIHPP/EMS monitOring COSts etc.), If required. to en$tlre that all envisaged with • nOis),ouldoorequipment are employees are Ih e exeeption 0/ designed to a nolse limlt of90 given basic management dB(A):Jt1m. inductlon training time, on the In addition, plant wori.ers Will be requirements of Noise audit USS provided witl'I protective wMr in the ESMP, good 10·20K (Included plant areas with high noise levels, site management In operation practices ;)nd cost). The plant will operale in H&S procedures. accordance with Internationally The AssIstant accepted heallh and safely Plant Manager will measures. ensure rnpJementatfan of procedures. ESlA for Hel",:Wl South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 544 of 586 May 2011 • Projeumthe GaodSlte EEHC. 2Mum) Implementation Managem8ft1 Environmenlal Functional given basic {included 10 It 1$ of highest Importance- that of good pracfues: shall be Management .& transfer statIOn. Annual reporting lnduetbn training operatIOn cost} final diSpOt.a1 of wastes snail be management conducted under Studies Sector of summary on good strtctly adhered to envIronment practices during supervISion of the results (or more operatIOn and triendly dlSPQsal Contract operaUon. A.ssjstant Piarlt It" requested) and site Manager, submitted to the management EEHC and any protetiees. other com::emed authority j Analyze Construction Town Gas HSE Town Gas I-iSE Manger Review periodic HSE Tawn Gas management costs ESJA fOt Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chap1er g.. Paze 555 of 586 Ma.y 20ll - Project No. 1513 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP dxv~ /:'~.;.srv Table 8-7 (A) "Contd," Gas Pipeline System Impact Mitigation ---RUponslbllity--­ - Impact Mitigation Me-asures Project Phase Means 01 Supervision Estimated Cost Implementation Supervision Effect on Structures by - Screening of areas/ Design Town Gas Technical Town Gas Design Review committee's - Town gas management oosts Dewatering Activities Sectors Committee Manager + HSE reports lV!anager - Tight dewatering Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field supervision - Contractor responsibility: schedule Supervision Induded in normal contractor bid. - Town gas m!l.~~gement costs Design~~~~~~ Effects on Monum~ents - Locate problematic Supreme Council for Town Gas HSE Review permitting - Cost by supreme council for areas of the network Antiquities through Manager procedures and antiquities permitting procedure ensure review of of Local Council Council ~ Supervise Construction Expert from Supreme Town Gas HSE Review field reports+ - LE. 3,000 j site for supervision constn.Jc~i J-n: Council of Antiquities Manager + HSE site supervision and measurement of vibration. supervision - Town gas management costs M Control dewatering Construction Contractor Supreme Council Field supervision - L.E. 15,000 I site above normal proeess Expert + Town Gas contractor bid price, HSE supervision - Town gas management costs - Reduce vibrations Tender + Construction Contractor Supreme Council Ensure inclusion in - L.E. 10,000 I site above normal E_rt+HSE tender 1" Field contractor bid price. supervision supervision - Town gas management costs - Preserve Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field supervision - Normal contractor bid price architecturally supervisor - Town gas management costs valuable sites ~ Preserve any found Construction Town Gas HSE Town Ga. HSE Review field reports - Nonnal contractor bid price antiquity ~ supervisor __1 manager - Town gas management costs ESIA for Hehvan South Steam Power Plant Chapler 8~ Page 556 of 5&6 May 201 J - Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP &/\..:::i_.I]j!)~~\J' Table 8~7 (A) «Contd." Gas Pipeline System Impact Mitigation ~---~ ~ Responslbilltv Means of Impact Mitigation Mfl2sums Project Phase Estimated Cost Impjementation Supervision s,upervision Wasre Disposal ~ Control over construction Construction Contractor Town Ga. HSE Field supervision - Contractor responsibility: waste supervisor Included in normal contractor bid ~ Prevent fueling, Construction Contractor Town Ga. HSE Field supervision Contractor responsibility: lubricating and any supervisor Included in normal contractor bid activity that would entail production of hazardous materials empty contains ~ Transfer empty Construction Construction Town Ga. HSE Field supervision and • About LE. 1,300 I yr above hazardous waste supervisor review manifest normal contractors bid!lj containers, if generated documents under unusual circumstances, to Governorate's landfill - Adequate management of Constructron Water Authority Town G•• HSE Field supervision + I- Costs by Water Authority asbestos and any supervisor + HSE review of Water , Town gas management costs possible hazardous waste Manager authority manifests ~ Arrange effective Construction Construction Town Gas HSE Field supervision - Contractor responsibility: drainage during supervisor Included in normal contractor bid dewatering Transfer any Construction Construction Town Gas HSE Field supervision • About LE. 1.0001yr above contaminated water supervisor normal contractors bid(2): resulting from dewatering to an adequate facility such as Governorate's ~~-~ Landfill Notes: (1) This figUfe has been derived assuming 2 loads of contaIns are generated' each load Is 0.5 ton which costs LE. 650 induding shipment and landfill fee {landfill fee IS LE 300hon and rent of peak-up vehicle is about L,E. 500Jtrlp} (2) This figure has been derived assuming 1 load of ccntaminated water barrels Is transferred each year weighing 1 ton at a cost of L.E. 1,000 induding transportation and landfill fee in addition to SUperviSion and administrative costs. ESLA fur Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 557 of586 May 2011 ~ Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP ~~ (;;;./~.;.srv Table 8·7 (A) "Contd." Gas Pipeline System Impact Mitigation 2. Dun Impact ration MItigation Measures ProjeclPhase Respons-ibfl-ity Implementation I Supervision Means of Supervision 1 Estimated Cost Improper management of i-Evacuating of odorant Operation Pressure Reducing Town Gas HSE staff ~Quarieay-,iu(iiting tOr --1- -~ LE. 16,300/yr for transportation odorant dunng operatIOn' in holding tank and Statton (PRS) staff each PRS and disposal of waste send empty contains to Governorate's hazardous waste facility ~t:l_!~_~§I",m",e"d",.",y,-__-,; Noise of PRS operation Locate noisy pressure I Design Town Gas Design Town Gas HSE t~Review of PRS layout - Town Gas management costs reducers away from Department Manager PRS borders In residential areas - Build barrier walls Design and Contractor Town Gas HSE Field supervision of Contractor costs which shall be between reducers and construction Manager PRS construction included in normal bid price sensitive receptors when needed. Potential safety risks due I ~ Remote actuation of Design Designer Project Department Document Review - Design Phase to PRS Operation isolation and slam~shut valves by Town Gas for different PRS's as well as the transmission pipelines. - Produce hazardous Design Designer Eng. I Elect. Document Review - Design Phase area classification Department drawings for all pf'6Ssure reduction station Preventive Design Town Gas Engineering Preventive maintenance program maintenance Dollcv and Department and operating manual station ~ Proper des;gn of control Design Designer Projects Department Document Review room exit ESLA ror HcJwan South Sleam Power Plallt Chapter 8- Page 558 of586 May 2011 • Project No. 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ~~ L~.;.srv. Table 8·7 (A) "Contd," Gas Pipeline System Impact Mitlgation Impact Mitigation Measures Project Phase Responsibility I Means of Estimated Cost Implementation Supervision ! Supervision , ~ Provision of self Operation Town Gas HSE Department , By Operators . $ 4000 each " contained breathing I apparatus (2 pieces for each station) for handling odorant leaks ~ App!y jet fire rated Design Designer Projects Department Document Review passive fire protection system to ali ~Titicaj safety shutdown valves ESDVs or solenoid valves (as apPlicable) ~ Place marking signs Operation Town Gas & GASCO Engineering Document Review indicating in Arabic and Department in English "Do Not Dig" and ~High Pressure ! Pipeline Underneath~ • Install an elevated wind sock and prOVision of I Operation Town Gas HSE Department I" $ 3000 each portable gas detectors i ~ The design should fully I Designer Designer Projects Department I- , Town Gas management costs comply with IGE TDI3 Social Impacts code requirements - Raising the level of awareness of the Construction NGos in the-districts L- I I EGAS Supervise awareness undertaken by NGO 1- I , About LE. 5,OOOlPRS area people tn PRS areas. I I -_ .. - - ... -- - ... ... - - ... ESlA f(lf Helwa1l South Steam POWCI Plant Chapter 8- Page 559 of586 May 2011 ~ Project No IS?3 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROlJP ~~0;/~~\f. Table 8·7 (6) Gas Pipeline System Monitoring Matrix ---- Location Methoos Estimated Cost ----- Reduction Traffic Flow Construction site Noise lsile Gai£ m-anagernent costs Construction site i Documentation In HSE Town Gas management costs monthly reports ~Risk~Ot Damaging Construction site 6Ocumeilia~tio-n-in-HSE ­ Town Gas management costs Infrastructure monthty fe ports ~Eiiect on Structures by -Construction site Documentation in HSE Town Gas management costs Dewaten"ng Activities monthly reports -ConstruCtlon site Vibration test Induding io-supre-me-cound!----­ expert's input Streets Identified by Geophysical survey L.E. 3000ikm of street the counclf Construc1ion site Documentation in HSE Town Gas management costs monthly reports Waste Management Construction site -Ot)ser\;ation and Town Gas management costs documentatlon Construction site Observation and Town Gas management costs documentation Construction site Observation and I ­ Town Gas management costs documentation ------------------------------------ ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter B- Page 560 of 586 May 20J I Project No, 1573 ENGINEERING CONSULT ANTS GROUP ~'\..::.:L/.J.il0~:;srV. Table 8·7 (8) "Contd." Gas Pipeline System Monitoring Matrix ------ ------ - -- ----- I Duration Impact Monitoring Indicatol"$ Responsibility .. . I Location I Methods I Estimated Cost 2. During Operation Improper management of odorant dun"ng operation - Number of treated containers Town G•• HSE department Quarterly for each PRS I PRS. Reviewing environmental i-Town Gas management costs Register, compare I with odorant delivery forms, observation of site Noise of PRS operation j ~ Noise intensity Town Gas HSE . Quarterly for each PRS. Noise meter . Town Gas -managtlment costs -----­ I department I PRS ESIA for Helw.m South Steam PoWer Plant Chapter8 w l'uge56! of586 May 20! I - Project No. 1573 Table 8-8 Summary of Implementation Cost of the ESMP Cost in US$ Source of No. Phase of Implementation Measures Monitoring Funding 1 : Construction Phase 120 K UEEPC • Pre-commissioning 1325 K UEEPC (with possible Monitoring (ambient air support from the quality monitoring Arab Funds) equipment) • All others 138 K UEEPC • Training 155 K UEEPC "c:..­ 2 Operation Phase 70 20 UEEPC • Training 20 K UEEPC Sub. Total 190 K 1658 K Grand Total 1848 K Table 8-7 shows that the total implementation cost of the environmental and Social Management Plan is about US$ 1.5 million, which amounts to about 0.18% of the total project cost. 8.4 BASELINE MONITORING OF THE PRE·CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENT 8.4.1 Baseline Air Quality Survey Using Air Quality Monitoring System Objectives Monitoring of air quality parameters such as NO, and SO, offers an appropriate method of obtaining hourly, daily, monthly and annual mean pollutant concentrations over a wide spatial area. A continuous monitoring program continued over an extended period, enables measured 1 hr, 24 hr and annual mean pollutant concentrations to be compared with relevant Egyptian, AIDB and World Bank guidelines. It provides a baseline against which to evaluate short-term impacts measured using continuous NO, , SO" CO and TSP analyzers. The main objeclive of the [lfoposed air quality monitoring program is to determine the effect of effluent emissions from the Helwan South Station. Prior to the commencement of a monitoring program, the number and location of monitors that are required to provide adequate aerial coverage need to be determined. Consideration should be given to the effects of existing sources, nearby terrain, meteorological conditions, and the pollutant to be monitored as well as their associated averaging times. Natural gas will be used as the primary fuel, and no. 6 fuel oil will be used for emergency purpose only with a total firing period not to exceed 7 days per year. For the siting study of permanent monitoring stations, only the normal gas-fired scenario was analyzed. Methodology Based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance (EPA, 1987), air dispersion modeling should first be performed to determine the general locations(s) of maximum air pollutant concentrations from the proposed source. To determine the magnitude and locations of maximum background air quality impacts, the EPA-approved Industrial Source Complex (lSC-Prime) was used for the study. The ISC-Prime mode was also used for a stack height determination analysis conducted for the Helwan South Project (see Section 6.2). In addition, as indicated in Section 5.4, there were fIVe existing background air quality monitors located within the Helwan South plant site. These five onsite monitors have collected sufficient ambient records to form a good base of representative background data (National Research Center, October 2010). In general, air quality monitors should be placed at (a) the expected area of the maximum concentration from the new source, and (b) the maximum combined impact area(s). Generally, two to three sites would be sufficient for most situations in muiti. source areas. In areas where there are no signifICant existing sources, one or two sites would be sufficient. For convenience, the maximum impact locations derived in Section 6.2 are presented by the polar coordinate and the conventional x-y coordinate. Both coordinates use the same origin as shown in Figure 8-3. 1-hour, 24-hour and annual maximum impact areas were considered in the design of the monitoring network. ESlA for Helwan South Stea.m Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 563 of 586 May 2011 - Project No_ 1573 Figure 8·3 He/wan South Air Quality Monitoring Locations IH J ~i ! II ! , l 1,!I"'(lll I ,. I I I hi ~~ i I:! .' ~" = ,j ,! I " I i i . 1/, l in I • !U jJJJdl .. ~ :1: ~ j j -' ~~ ~I!.! \~~ 11 , i .j ~ 11 ! . .. - Ij : ~~; . ; ; ; ,. . -r t ESlA for Helwan SQl.Ilh Steam Power Plant Chapter g- Page 564 0[586 May 2011 • Project No. 1573 As indicated in Table 6-7, the max:mum total combined 24-hour impact level (138.79 fJ.g1m', including the backg! ound level) is under the Egyptian 24-hour limit of 150 fJ.g1m'. The maximum :. ·t-hour impact level of the Helwan South power project is 126.7 fJ.g/m' (excluding the background level). The maximum combined 1-hour impact level, including the highest value during 2008, is 397.52 fJ.glm 3 • The Helwan South plant contributed 367.3fJ.g/m3 at this location. Based on the results presented in Table 6-7, the maximum annual impact area consistently occurred between 180· and 200· to the south - south ­ west from plant north at a distance of 630.1 m from the origin point intermediating all the Hetwan South power stack group locations. The majority of the 24-hour maximum impact areas due to the operation of the three Helwan South thermal supercritical units occurred between 175· and 1800 at a distance 623 m. The maximum 1-hour impact levels are very similar among the three years (2007,2008 & 2009) considered. The majority of the maximum impact areas occurred between 310° and 320' at plant north - west and at a distance of about 60B.9m. A comparison of the estimated maximum concentrations with the relevant standards is given in Table 6-7. Figure 8-3 depicts the locations of the Maximum of daily average of N0 2 concentrations and the Maximum of annual average of NO, concentrations. The suggested monitoring locations are presented in Figure 8-3. Areas, instead of the precise points, are suggested because in some cases, it is simply not practical to place monitors at the indicated modeled locations. However, it is recommended that an air quality monitoring system composed of 2 or 3 monitoring stations will be utilized. The monitoring station equipped with meteorological monitoring system will be located near to, or wtthin, the Hetwan South power plant site, the other one or two stations will be located one down wind within the deSignated area and the other (if any) upwind. Reporting Reports will be prepared by UEEPCIHPP on a quarterly basis, and be prepared as continuous monitoring concentration summaries. 8.4.2 Aquatic Environment At the request of the UEEPCIEEHC/ECG a field survey was undertaken by Hydraulics Research Institute representatives and by National Research Center staff of the Helwan South bankline segment area fronting the power station site. The results of this survey shall be retained as a baseline comparison for Nile monitoring during power plant operation. In addition, site management practices and site drainage systems will be continuously monitored by the site Assistant Plant Manager to ensure that no pollutants reach the aquatic resources. 8.4.3 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage ESLA (or Helwan SOllth Steal'll Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 565 of 586 May 20 t I • Project No. 1573 Throughout construction, activities will be closely supervised by personnel trained to recognize potential archaeological finds. Should a potential find be uncovered, the mitigation measures described in Section ],2,8 will be employed. 8,5 MONITORING OF IMPACTS DURING POWER PLANT OPERATION 8.5.1 Stack Emissions Stack emissions will be monitored continuously during plant operation at a representative point in the stack, Operational monitoring of stack emissions shall comprise monitoring the levels of: • Oxides of Nitrogen; • Sulfur Dioxide; • Carbon Monoxide; and • Total Suspended Particles and PM,., The automatic monitoring system used will be linked to an alarm to warn when emission limits (as stated in Section 2) for each pollutant are being approached, Concentrations will be recorded as hourly rolling averages and reports on stack emissions monitoring will compare recorded emissions against predicted levels and Egyptian, AfDB and WB guidelines (as given in Section 2). Reports will be submitted to the EEM, the WB and any other concerned authority on an annual basis (or as required). 8.5.2 Ambient Air Quality· Validation of Modeling Predictions Using Continuous NOx, SO. and TSP Analyzer Objectives The use of a continuous NOx, S02, CO and TSP analyzer allows for baseline air quality monitoring on a continuous basis. The provision of two continuous monitors (or three: one at the site, one upwind and the third downwind) will provide the basis for "validating" the predictions made in the ESIA. The monitors will also include a weather station providing data on air temperature, wind speed, wind direction and mixing heights on a continuous basis. These monitors shall, also, be connected electronically to the EEM ambient rnonitoring system. ESIA fur Hclwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 566 of 5&6 May 2011 -Project ~o_ 1573 Methodology . The monitors will be purchased and installed as far in advance of plant start­ up as possible so thai baseline data can be collected for the two (or three) sites, using equipment capable of measuring short-term averages. Training wili be provided to the nominated operatives in relation to use, maintenance and troubleshooting for the equipment. The equipment will be monitored on a daily basis by UEEF'C/HPP to ensure that it is working correctly. Daily maintenance monitoring can be undertaken remotely by downloading the recorded result" from the analyzers at upwind and downwind locations to the shelter at the project site (i.e. the analyzers do not need to be physically checked daily). The results will be checked by UEEPC/HPP to ensure they are realistic and also to check against anomalies, Daily down-loading of data will also ensure that continuous records are maintained in the event of equipment failure or power shortage, The Helwan South construction and operational monitoring of air quality around the power project will include the parameters summarized in Table 8-9, Reporting The equipment measures air quality on a continuous basis and is capable of calculating and reporting on short-term averages. Twenty-four hour and 1­ hour averages would be appropriate measurements to record. Annual reports will be provided to the EEM and to the WB, AfDB or any other concerned authority (via UEEPC/HPP) (or more frequently if required), highlighting key features and comparing the resuHs with air quality standards (as presented in Section 2), with the predictions in the ESIA report, with respect to gas supply failure and subsequent emergency use of heavy fuel oil (mazout), baseline air quality and worst case air quality predictions, once the plant is operational. 8.5.3 Aquatic Environment Monitoring of im pacts of the power plant on the aquatic environment will include monitoring of the quality of the dischi1rge water, Nile bankline and benthic sediments, ambient water quality and the impact on aquatic flora and fauna. The survey techniques and areas will be comparable to the survey undertaken by both of the Hydraulics Research Institute and the National Research Center during October-December 2010. The survey will include the area affected by the thermal plume (I.e. 100m from the discharge point), The operational monitoring of cooling water and effluent discharge will include the parameters summarized in Table 8-10 below. ESIA for Hclwan South Steam Power Plnnt Chapter 8~ Page 567 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Monitoring data will be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with Egyptian, AfDB and World Bank guidelines (as given in Section 2). Records of monitoring results will be kept in a suitable format and will be reported (in summary format with any exceptions identified) to the responsible government authorities and the WB, AfDB or any other concerned authority as required, As a result, the project company, in discussion with the EEAA, EEHC and the WB, AIDB or any other concerned authority, will review the need to implement any additional mitigation features, such as provision of further water treatment facilities on site and also on the need to continue monitoring, 8.5,4 Waste Monitoring Wastes generated on site and collected for disposal by skilled firms will be referenced, weighed and recorded, Environmental audits will be undertaken which will assess the quality and suitability of on- and off-site waste management procedures, Table 8-9 Monitoring Program for Ambient Air Quality, Noise and Vibrations Indicative Monitoring Sampling Monitoring Cost Item Locations Estimate Parameters i Frequency i L I (US$) Construction Phase Air Quality Dust emissions caused by NO, , SO, , CO, TSP Quarterly during On site of the Measurement construction activities, and PMto. most oftha project and its cost US$70K construction vehide construction surroundings, movements. and transport penod, of friable construction materials. Continuous Appm", US$ monitoring 2 locations 1000-1500K during 6 months minimum: at ahead ot maximum predicted commiSSioning. pollution concentration and downwind. Third location. it any, wil! be 1 km I i upwinc. I ~,- Noise Decibels (dB) A Moo!hly I I 6 locations , Managemen! , minimum: a! nearest residence. Ilime and costs (US$ 10k] ES1A for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 568 (If 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 Table 8·9 (Contd,) Monitoring Program for Ambient Air Quality. Noise and Vibrations , Indicative Mon;Coring Sampling Monitoring Cost Item Paracleters Frequency Locations Estimate i (US$) Operation Phase' Ail' Qualit}' 2 locations Included in the EmisSions Automatic monitoring of stack Continuous minimum; at plant operation from stack ate not emissions for NOx. S02. andlor 24 hour maximum predicted expected to exceed particulate mailer and carbon average pollution standards. monoxide (CO) vla te&l ports Continuous concentration and installed in _he main stack. andior passive downwind. samples every Third location, if any, In addrtron, conduct surrogale 214 weeks will be 1 km upwind. performance monitoring. InstaU (at least) two The analyzer Ambient air quality continuous NOx, SOl. CO, sta!ions will be affected by emissions from PM1{l & TSP monitoring electronically the power plant stathms to monitor short~term connected to the concentrations in the area plant controlling predicted to have the highest room and may impacts on humans (as there be connected to are sensitive environments). the EEAA The analyzer station near or monitoring within the sUe boundaries will include a continuous monitor system, . of meteorological conditions (temperature, wind speed, wind direction and mixing heights). Noise Bi-annually to 6~10 sites at nearest Noise audit annually receptorn and fence US$ 10-20K around the plant (included in operation cost) Third party (e,g. NRC) Measuring instflJments and equipment. ESIA f(}r Helwan South Steam Powerp'lant Chapler 8w Page 569 of 586 May 201 I· PrOjett No. I5?3 Table 8·10 Monitoring of the Aquatic Environment During Operation I Frequency of Issue Parameter Method measurements Water Quality Temperature 8- pH of all Continuous automatic monitor in Continuous discharged water discharge structure COD, BOD, TSS, Oil 8­ Sample taken from water in Daily Grease, residual chlorine of discharge structure and submitted for effluent lab. Analysis , i Heavy metals 8- other As above Monthly , pollutants of effluent I Ambient Water Temperature, pH, COD, Grab sampling and analysis within 3'monthly Quality 000, TOC, DO, TSS, oil & the area predicted to be affected by grease, residual chlorine, the discharge plume r heavy metals 8- other pollutants i .. .~ __ i ~_ ';lor~~~nthiC &~~un. Fauna (1) Ror. Transect sampling (following same method as in baseline monitoring) Annual , within a 2 km radius of the discharge i I pOint ;-' .. ­ Entrainment (2) Fish entrainment on screens Removal and analysis of any debrjs Weekly I caught in intake screens i i Notes: (1) To be undertaken for the first 3 years of plant operation. (2) To be undertaken for the first year of plant operation. Abbreviations: COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand TOe: Total OrganiC Carbon 00: Dissolved Oxygen TSS: Total Suspended Solids 9. CONSULTATION i\ND DISCLOSURE 9,1 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL APPROACH In order to ensure that the views and interests of all project stakeholders are taken into accounts, public consultation has been carried out according to the World Bank and African Development Bank guidelines and EEAA requirements Which require coordination with other government agencies involved in the ESIA, obtaining views of local people and affected groups. This consultation has been undertaken as part of the Environmental Impact ESIA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter &~ Page 570 of SB6 Ma, 201 1 Project No. 1513 M Assessment process. The process of this consultation is also implemented in accordance with World Bank and African Development Bank requirements for Phase I and Phase II consultations. This section summarizes the activities w'lich have been undertaken in Phase I, the results of consultation and a ·;ummary of the activitk,s which have been undertaken as " complementar)' procedure (Phase II). it, also, summarizes the activities which may be undertaken, under this condition, during the construction and operation of the power plant. 9.1.1 Public Consultation Regulations and Requirements In accordance with World Bank requirements, namely the Bank's Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 Environmental Assessment and other key documents, and the African Development Bank regulations namely Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for African Development Bank's Public Sector Operation, June 2001, affected groups and NGOs must be consulted as part of the environmental assessment of projects. The primary purpose of this provision is to protect the interests of affected communities. Therefore, the ESIA and RPF process should include consultation and disclosure of information to key stakeholders involved in and/or affected by the Helwan South power plant project. The objectives of consultation and disclosure are to ensure that all stakeholders and interested parties, are fully informed of the proposed project, have the opportunity to voice their concerns and that any issues resulting from this process are addressed in the ESIA and incorporated into the design and implementation of the project. Egyptian Law number 4 of 1994, which addresses the environment, does not stipulate or refer directly to public consultation within the ESIA process. However, its importance may be inferred from the inclusion of representatives of environmental non-govemmental organizations on the Board of Directors of the EEAA. Furthermore, the EEAA "Guidelines for the Basis and Procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - Sector Guidelines" (Jan. 2009) suggest discussions with local stakeholders and interested parties during scoping and preparation of the ESIA. ES1A for HeIwan South Steam Power Flam Chapler S~ Page 571 of SS6 May 20 11 ~ Project No. 1573 9.2 CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY The adopted methodology for the public consultation comprises two phases, including four elements, namely: . Phase I • discussions with local stakeholders and interested parties during preparation of the environmental documents for local permitting requirements; • discussions with local stakeholders during scoping and preparation of this ESIA-Report, including the organization of a Public Scoping Meeting in the Helwan Governorate; As far as public disclosure is concerned, major activities to inform the public and interested parties about the Helwan South project include the following: • press advertisement describing the project and inviting interested parties to attend the scoping meeting. • distribution of an invitation and a copy of summary leaflet about the main concerns of ESIA study (in Arabic). Phase II • the organization of a Public Consultation Meeting in the Helwan Governorate, and • on-going consultation through an "open-door" policy during construction and operation of the power plant. Again, as far as public disclosure is concerned, major initiatives to inform the public and interested parties about the Helwan South Power project include the following: • press advertisement describing the project and inviting interested parties to attend the public meeting and review the Draft Final ESIA Report; • distribution of an invitation and copy of the Non Technical Summary (in Arabic) describing the context of the power plant, the technology emptoyed, the impact on the environment, the mitigation measures and the ESMP; and • disclosure of the Draft Final ESIA Report, including the Executive Summary, locally and via the World Bank and the African Development Bank Infoshops. A Public Consultation and Disclosure Activities (peDA) are designed and implemented in accordance with World Bank and the African Development Bank guidelines. The purpose of the Activities is to establish the process by which UEEPC/HPP will consult and involve stakeholders in the planning, development, construction and operation of the power plant. ESIA for Helwan South Sleam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page S12 ofS86 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 9.2.1 Stakeholders During the ESIA process, stakeholders for the project have been identified and include the following: • Local Council and District Authorities; o Government Regulatory Agencies; • Local business and commercial interests; • Local peoplE- including population representatives; o Enviro:lmen, JI research organizations; and o NGOs arv ' iher environmental interests. A full list 01 .Aimary stakeholders is presented in Table 9-1 (a fulfllst of primary and secondary stakeholders is presented in Annex A). Table 9-1 Primary Stakeholder Organizations Organization o Helwan Governorate " Markaz Atfieh and EI-Kureimat Zones .--~--------------------------- ... ---­ o Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) • Egyptian Electricity Transmissio~Company (EETC) _______- ; • Local Electricity Authority (Upper Egypt Electricity Production Company "UEEPC") r---~~~~~----~~-------~------.~.----------~------- • Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) ._.______ _ . c--" Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MoWRI) " Helwan population representatives (Helwan, Atfieh, Es-Saff, EI·Kureimat and 1-__-:=D:=.ay':-rEI-Maymoun) _ ._______._____._._.__. _ • Ministry afTransport _._.___..~._._.____- I ,c--. Helwan Transport Department _ __ • Eavotian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) • Egyptiar1..Natur~.Gas Holdina Company (EGAS) __________ o Helwan "Cit" Gas" Com .. . _.._ ..__.._._...._=-.:::..-- pap\' _ ....... _ .._ ......_._---_._._....-_... _---.....­ --= t- .. ."- Supreme.Council< 'fJl.ntiquj"c!S __ . ________._____ ._._._ _ ...._~.Y..PQ".f1..GeI'1.EO!~1 Authari!t.f£.>r3_hor.eProtecti~n._._. ____._ _._._. c- o National Research Center, State Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology_.____ ...._ .___--I • Ge.rl.e!..al. Authority for Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture r--"- Egyptjan.,<3eneral Authority for Meteorolagy.___c... ___.. __ .._ _ 0 National~uthority for Remot~..§.ensingand Space Sciences (NARSS) __ • Active NGOs in the project wider area. ESlA for HelwarJ South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8· Page 573 ofS86 May 2011 - Project No. 1573 9.2.2 Management and Participation Public consultation and disclosure is managed and undertaken by Environmental Consultant ECG and UEEPC with participation from EEHC. Phase II of the consultation and disclosure process. which includes local disclosure of the Draft Final ESIA-Report and a public meeting, is undertaken in close collaboration with the local authorities, namely the Heiwan Governorate. Concerned stakeholders including local industry, economic representatives and local people, have been, and will continue to be, requested to actively participate in this process. It was not anticipated that any further notification will be required, for example, the posting of notices locally, since local communities or settlements near the power station site were notified by the UEEPCfHPP. Further, it was very evident from the scoping session that the attendance of the representative of the Helwan Governor, Mr. Kadry Abu-Hussein, the UEEPC's Chairman, Eng. Abdel-Mohsen Abdel-Ghaffar Abdel-Hady and the President of Promble Local People Council, Dr. Eweis Sayyed Ali at the public meeting will ensure media coverage. 9,3 PHASE 1 CONSULTATION 9.3.1 Consultation Undertaken by ECG, EEHC and UEEPC During the preparation of an ESIA-Report for local permitting requirements, ECG, EEHC and UEEPC undertook consultations with a variety of organizations to assist them in the Identification of environmental and social concerns and the overall development of the project. These stakeholders included the Egyptian ElectriCity Holding Company (EEHC), Upper Egypt ElectriCity Production Company (UEEPC), Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEM), the Helwan Governorate and the Markaz Council of Atfieh, including Kureimat zone, Egyptian General Authority for Shore Protection, Hydraulics Research Institute and local population leaders. The purpose of these consultations was primarily to provide information regarding the project, identify published and non-published sources of relevant data and Information relating to the site and surrounding area, obtain views on the scope of the project, and open channels for ongoing discussions. . The key environmental and social Issues raised during this consultation process are summarized in Table 9-2 and these issues were subsequently taken into account in the preparation of ESIA documentation both for local permitting requirements and this ESIA report. ESLA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter S· Page 514 of 586 May 2011 - Project No. 1513 Table 9-2 Key Environmental Issues Associated with the Development of the Proposed Power Plant Identified During Local ES/A and RPF Consultation Subject Description of the Key Issues Air Quality • Level 01 stack emissions from the power plant and the resulting compliance with air quality standards during normal operation and emergency periods, i. E' if the gas supply is interrupted. • Potential for cumulative air quality impacts rlue to the simultaneous operation of the proposed New Helwan South power plant and Kureimat Power Complex. ~-. - Aquatic Ecology • Vulnerability of aqua-culture from liquid effluents and I the cooling water. .~~~.-.-~~-~. .. Nile River • Vulnerability of bankline and riverbed due to erosion bankline & and sedimentation processes resulting from intake and Riverbed discharge system. Morphology Noise • Levels of noise which will be experienced at local receptors. -- Hazardous • Vulnerability of human health from materials containing Waste hazardous matters, if found, during construction and operation. . . -- Traffic • Traffic generation, especially during construction, and the potential for congestion on local roads, particularly Kureimat I Beni-Suweif arterial road. 1--' .~-----.~.~------. Socio-economic • Employment. • Demand for Local Services. ESlA f!}f Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8- Page 575 of 586 May 2011 ~ Projeci Nil. 1573 Land Acquisitionl • Level of compensation in case of land acquisition (if Compensation any). 9.3.2 Consultation during the ESIA Process A scoping session for this ESIA undertaken by EGG in collaboration with the EEHC and UEEPC, took place on Wednesday, 24 November 2010 during which a wide selection of personnel from different orientations contributed actively to its activities. ESL-\. for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter S· Page 576 of 586 May 2011 - Project NQ_ J 573 The key objectives of this consultation were to identify primary and secondary stakeholders, ensure that they had received sufficient information about the project during earlier consultation activities and to identify their immediate concerns. The session was organized to include the following activities: • Presentation of the ESIA scope as per the TOR, including the RPF; • Breakdown of the activities to highlight the issues thai the attendees might comment on; • Explain the environmental issues and invite the participants to raise their concerns about possible negative impacts; and • Conduct the discussions and invite the owner, local authorities and agencies to participate in the discussions. The full documentation for the scoping meeting is presented in Annex B. The issues raised during the scoping session are summarized in Table 9-3 below. 9.3.3 Mini-meetings with Affected Stakeholders In addition to the scoping meeting, several mini-meetings were held with some particular affected stakeholders for taking their viewpcints into consideration. The purpose of taking these viewpcints into account was to improve project viability. The World Bank (1991) has found that where such views are seriously considered and Incorporated in the EA process, projects are likely to be more successful. The Bank provides some useful guidance regarding the extent and level of stakeholder Involvement in the EA process In its Sourcebooks (World Bank, 1991-Chapter 7). Mini-meetings were held with fishermen on the Es-Saff area, the Helwan South representatives, Atfieh village Administration, Kureimat Power Plant and Helwan South project staff, General Authority for Fishery Development and two active NGOs in wider Helwan zone, namely AI-Safaa Charity Association, Environment Development and Local Community Development (North of Helwan). These mini-meetings were seen important for: • informing interested groups and Individuals about the proposed development, its potential impacts, and measures which will lessen impacts and protect the environment; ESlA for Helwan SQUI.!'! Steam Power Plant Cnapler 8- Page 577 of 586 May 2011 - Project NC' 1573 Table 9-3 Key Issues Raised During ESJA and RPF Scoplng Key issue ! Comments discussed Overall All parties consulted expressed their overall approval for the Project project Local Stakeholders commented that the power plant will be central to securing power supply for the industrial and commercial activities in the area and will benefit the local economy through labor opportunities. .~- Social and Local stakeholders and council leaders considered the social and Economic economic impact of the plant to be wholly positive. ~lmpact --~- .-.-... ~.-.-.-.~~ Land There was a clear and common appreciation when fair Acquisition! compensation rules were explained. Compensatio --.!1 i Wastewater All local stakeholders expressed concern about the quality and discharge quantity of water in the Nile River Helwan South segment and the and the quality of water which will be discharged from the power plant It aquatic was however acknowledged that there are no significant aquatic environment ecosystems close to the power plant. The suggestion was made that treated sanitary wastewater could be used for irrigation of landscaped areas and treated industrial wastewater would be directed to the circulating water discharge system. ._-_. Air Quality There was big concern over the following issues: • compliance with air quality standards and the effect that non·compliance and subsequent plant closure could have on security of employment in the area; • accumulated effects of the relatively degraded air quality in the Kureimat and South Helwan atmosphere and the impact of the power project; • back-up heavy fuel oil is prohibited in residential areas, but Helwan South, as identified in several physical planning schemes for Helwan Region, belongs to an industrial setting. ESIA for He1wan South Steam Power Plane Chapter 8~ Puge 578 of 586 May 201 I • Project No. 1573 Ecology of There was significant attention to keeping a landscape area inside the Site the power plant fence. •. --~- .• '. . . -.._--.._.- Bankline & Some parties expressed their fears of causing damaging effects Riverbed due to sedimentation and erosion processes associated with Morphology . cooling water abstraction and discharge. ,... Environment An underlying concern expressed by all local stakeholders was al compliance with environmental regulations. Assurances from Compliance UEEPC are sought to the effect that UEEPC will guarantee implementation of the environmental compliance measures which I will be stated in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. • providing opportunities for timely feedback; • identifying problems, needs and values; • minimizing misunderstandings about the scope and impacts of the project and Increase public confidence in the proposed development; and • contributing to an increased awareness and understanding of project plans and activities. Memorandums of Mini-meetings that were held with some affected groups are given in Annex C. 9.3.4 Conclusions from Phase 1 Consultatlons The main results of Phase I consultation was to successfully raise the level of local awareness about the plant, to identify the immediate local concerns and to seek stakeholder involvement in the implementation of the project. The three issues of key concern to the stakeholders consulted were the impact of the plant on pollutant loads in the South Helwan Zone air shed. compliance wrth environmental standards. particularly with regard to air and wastewater discharge quality and the potential economic impacts on the local community. These concerns have been addressed within the ESIA process and measures to ensure compliance are incorporated into the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP will be implemented by UEEPC/HPP as a condition of compliance with the EEAA regulations and of financing from the World Bank and the African Development Bank. 9.4 PHASE II CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ES1A for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chapter 8~ Page 579 of 586 May 2011 «Project t-:o 1573 Phase II of the public consultation and disclosure process included the disclosure of information about the project (advertisement, invitation including a copy of the Non-Technical Summary (in Arabic) and public access to the Draft Final ESIA Report) and organization of a public meeting. The Draft Final ESIA report, together with the Non-Technical Summary in Arabic, has been disclosed locally for 30 days at the offices of the UEEPC at the Kureimat power plant, EEHC offices and at the offices of the local environmental consuKant in Cairo. In order to make people aware of the disclosure of the Draft Final ESIA Report, an advertisement was placed in the national newspaper AI Ahram in Arabic on Monday, 7 March 2011. The advertisement also drew readers attention to the date and venue of the proposed public meeting. Finally, a public meeting was held in the Helwan Governorate on Wednesday, 16 March 2011. The aim of the meeting was to present and explain the results of the Draft Final ESIA Report to local stakeholders, to provide them with the opportunity to raise any further or additional concerns and to ensure that all issues are taken into account in the Final ESIA Report and corresponding ESMP. Further concerns raised during Public Consultation Meeting are summarized in Table 9-4 below. Phase II Consultation and Disclosure activities and the Public Consultation Meeting Report are reported in Annex D. 9,5 ONGOING FACILITY FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE The World Bank and the African Development Bank also require that the consultation process is ongoing during the construction and operation phases of the project. To this effect, UEEPCIHPP has stated its commitment to maintaining long term and mutually beneficial open dialogue with local authorities, industrial and commercial interests and local people, through its Safety and Environment Officer during construction and Assistant Plant Manager during operation. A key role of this post consultation will be to ensure that local stakeholders have an opportunity to raise questions, comments or concerns and that all issues raised are answered promptly and accurately. The site of the power plant is relatively rem ole from areas of dense population, being situated in the area of the South Kureimat, an area deSignated for industrial development use. The nearest populations during the operational life would be the residential colony of the power plant itself. It is not considered necessary therefore, to recommend any further public consultation measures over and above those committed to above. Disclosure of information will also continue throughout project construction and operation. The primary emphaSis here will be to assure stakeholders that the environmental mitigation, monitoring and management practices ESlA for Helwan South Steam Power Plant Chopter g~ Page 5110 oOM May 201l-Project No, iS7J established in the ESIA and its ESMP are being implemented and the environmental standards and guidelines dictated by the Egyptian government, the World Bank and the African Development Bank are being met through a comprehensive monitoring and reporting process. UEEPC/HPP is required under Egyptian law, to maintam an Environment Register of written records with respect to environmenta! impacts from the power plant. In addition, an annual report containing technical data relating to the monitoring program will be prepared by the UEEPC/HPP and submitted to the EEHC, EEAA, the WB and the AfDB. Table 9-4 Further Concerns Raised During ESIA Public Consultation Meeting Key issue discussed Comments Cooling Water local Council's representative raised the issue of algae suppression at the intake structure using Sodium Hypochlorite. There was a recommendation to the Engineering Consultant I of the project to review and check chlorine dosage system on the basis of local Egyptian aquatic environment. Air Quality f Impact of the Kureimat Power Complex, in addition to the new Helwan South Power Project on air quality in the South Helwan region. Nile Water Concerns raised about the construction effects of the intake Abstraction Gld and discharge structures. Discharge System Socio-economic There was an emphasize on the nec,