2016 ANNUAL REPORT MISSION The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by the World Bank. It provides analytical and advisory services to low- and middle-income countries to increase their know-how and institutional capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutions for poverty reduction and economic growth. ESMAP is funded by Australia, Austria, Denmark, the European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Lithuania, the Neth- erlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the World Bank Group. CONTENTS 1 | COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES . . . . 1 A Global Energy Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Responding to the Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Influence and Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Addressing Regional Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Partnerships: Leveraging Finance and Expertise . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Incorporating Energy into Key Economic Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 | ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Helping Countries Navigate Subsidy Reform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Better Knowledge, More Sustainable Reforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3 | ACCESS TO ENERGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Increasing Electricity Access through Nationwide Programs. . . . 28 Increasing Electricity Access for the Urban Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Increasing Electricity Access through Mini Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Scaling Up Clean Cooking and Heating Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4 | ENERGY EFFICIENT CITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Prioritizing Energy Efficiency Potential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Support for Municipal Energy Efficiency Planning, Policies, and Capacity Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Sharing of Global Experiences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5 | ACCELERATING INVESTMENT IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 6 | RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE MAPPING . . . . . . . . . . 49 Looking Forward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 7 | INTEGRATING VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY INTO POWER SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 8 | SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL KNOWLEDGE HUB . . . . 57 i 9 | EMPOWERING WOMEN TO ENERGIZE COMMUNITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Improving Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Support to Country Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 10 | FOCUS ON AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Regional Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Country-Specific Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Region-Specific Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 11 | FOCUS ON ASIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Support to Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Promoting Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Expanding Access to Modern Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 12 | FOCUS ON SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 13 | THE WAY FORWARD: HELPING COUNTRIES THROUGH THEIR ENERGY TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 The New Business Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Transformation through Targeted Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Thematic Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Cross-Cutting Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 14 | FINANCIAL REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Disbursements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Breakdown by Region and Program Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 For the ESMAP-ASTAE 2016 Annual Report Annexes, please go to: http://www.esmap.org/node/57633 ANNEX I | PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED PROGRAMS ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED ANNEX III | ASTAE RESULTS, FY2016: INDICATORS ACHIEVED AND WORLD BANK GROUP OPERATIONS INFLUENCED ANNEX IV | COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2016 ANNEX V | PUBLICATIONS, FY2016 ii ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM COMPLEX CHAPTER 1 CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES A GLOBAL ENERGY TRANSFORMATION The global energy sector is at a turning point. The Sustain- able Development Goals 7 (SDG7) to ensure access to afford- able, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all by 2030 and a landmark climate change agreement in Paris during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) represent a collective global ambition to put the sector on a transforma- tional path. In addition, dramatic reductions in the cost of renewable energy have been realized, leading countries to think differently about how they meet their energy needs and creating new challenges for long-term energy planning. Despite many countries implementing more large-scale renewable and energy efficiency programs, challenges remain. About 1.1 billion people still live without access to electric- ity and 2.9 billion do not have access to modern cooking and heating fuels. Communities still suffer power cuts that limit their development prospects. Moreover, about 4.3 million people die each year from indoor air pollution associated with cooking and heating using traditional biomass fuels. 1 Sectoral transformation can be slow and challeng- ing for many countries as they attempt to map 4–2016 ESMAP’S PROGRESS, 2014–2016: out their sustainable energy future. During this journey, they need innovative solutions, ™ Hjeedgiid250VXi^k^i^Zh\adWVaan!l^i]V approaches that address the full value chain of idiVaVaadXVi^dcd[$118 million the sector, better access to financing, and ™ 6edgi[da^di]Vi]Vh^c[ajZcXZY$3.7 billion improved planning and governance. With an d[LdgaY7Vc`>96VcY>7G9[^cVcX^c\!VcY $11.5 billion energy portfolio in 2016, the World aZkZgV\ZYVcVYY^i^dcVa$1.8 billion[gdb di]ZgeVgicZgh Bank Group is one of the largest financiers of ™ HjeedgiidVXi^k^i^Zh^c130Xdjcig^Zh energy projects worldwide. Working together with ™ 6HI6: VaadXViZY $16 million VXgdhh its development partners, the World Bank helps 40VXi^k^i^Zh^cHdji]6h^V!:Vhi6h^VVcY countries grow their energy sectors with an i]ZEVX^[^X emphasis on achieving universal access to afford- ™ >beaZbZciZY140VXi^k^i^Zh^ci]ZAfrica able, reliable, and sustainable energy. regionVcY24%d[:HB6E[jcY^c\ RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGE ESMAP is one of the key trust-funded energy pro- grams in the World Bank with disbursements of The World Bank’s ability to respond to energy almost $36 million in fiscal year 2016 (FY2016). challenges and client demand has been greatly It organizes its work around four key focus areas: strengthened by the Energy Sector Management Energy Assessments and Strategies (Chapter 2), Assistance Program (ESMAP). A long-standing Energy Access (Chapter 3), Energy Efficiency partnership between the World Bank and bilat- (Chapter 4), and Clean Energy—with special eral donors, ESMAP supports the World Bank’s attention to Global Geothermal Development poverty reduction and shared prosperity efforts (Chapter 5), Renewable Energy Resource Map- by financing the analytical work needed to inform ping (Chapter 6), and Variable Renewable Energy the energy sector policy dialogue and strengthen Integration (Chapter 7). the design and implementation of its investment projects. Knowledge generated by the program The program has also supported the Sustainable leverages lending, shapes policy, increases client Energy for All Knowledge Hub (Chapter 8), Gen- capacity, and promotes innovation. The broader der and Energy (Chapter 9), the Africa Renew- ‘public good’ nature of ESMAP’s work has made able Energy and Access Program (Chapter 10), the program a knowledge broker not only for the Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Pro- World Bank clients but also for development part- gram (Chapter 11), and the Small Island Devel- ners more generally. oping States Support Program (Chapter 12). 2 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FIGURE 1.1 ESMAP, SIDS, and ASTAE Allocation, by Region and Focus Area ($ millions), FY2014–16 35 1 1 0 30 Of which US$ 18 million allocated for AFREA 5 1 Of which US$ 8 million allocated from ASTAE 4 Of which US$ 7.6 million allocated from ASTAE 25 2 7 2 Allocations (US$) millions 0 4 20 1 14 6 0 1 15 1 6 2 3 10 5 2 1 12 12 5 11 6 4 8 5 1 3 2 3 1 0 0 0 AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global Clean Energy Energy Assessments Gender Energy Access and Strategies Other Global Energy Efficiency SIDS DOCK INFLUENCE AND IMPACT in World Bank lending. In turn, these lending projects leveraged a further $1.8 billion from pub- ESMAP’s comparative advantages, such as its lic, private, and other sources. global reach and its direct connection to World Bank financing and sector policy dialogue, Diagnostics supported by ESMAP’s Tool for Rapid uniquely position it to shape the sector. In FY2016, Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) in Mexico’s ESMAP activities informed World Bank opera- Leon and Puebla municipalities were extended tions worth $1.3 billion. Over the past three years, by the Mexican government to another 30 munic- under the FY2014–16 Business Plan, cumulative ipalities across the country. Based on this, Mexi- ESMAP support has influenced over $3.7 billion co’s Energy Ministry (SENER), financed by a COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 3 $100 million World Bank loan, has launched its Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP)/ first national program targeting municipal energy Climate Investment Funds (CIF) grant in Arme- efficiency, as part of a strategy to steer the coun- nia, and a $6 million IDA concessional credit with try towards a sustainable and inclusive growth an additional $6.04 million Global Environment path. Facility (GEF) grant in Djibouti. In St. Lucia, a grant from the SIDS DOCK of $1 million leveraged In Ethiopia, ESMAP supported the first phase of $2.3 million in additional financing ($1 million a three-year energy sector review and strategy from the GEF, $0.5 million from Clinton Climate that informed an additional $200 million in World Initiative, and $0.8 million from Government of Bank financing for the Ethiopia Electricity Net- New Zealand). work Reinforcement and Expansion Project approved in May 2016. This project will finance expansion and upgrading of the distribution net- ADDRESSING REGIONAL work and access scale-up with the potential to CHALLENGES reach 7 million customers by 2019. In FY2014–16, more than two-thirds of allocations The China Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) success- (68 percent) were implemented by the World fully piloted results-based financing mechanisms. Bank’s Energy and Extractives Global Practice and In Hebei province, where the government has set 9 percent by other Global Practices. a dissemination target of 6 million clean stoves by 2017, the China CSI supported the design and Africa (AFR). The region with the highest elec- preparation of a clean stove component that trification deficit, Africa (specifically Sub-Saharan applies the results-based financing approach Africa) still has 600 million people with limited under the World Bank $500 million Hebei Air Pol- or no access to electricity. Responding to client lution Prevention Program for Results Financing demand, in FY2014–16, ESMAP allocated 24 per- (PforR) Project approved in June 2016. cent or $32.6 million and an additional $10.1 mil- lion from SIDS DOCK through 142 activities across Lighting Africa, a flagship initiative launched by Africa. $14 million was allocated to help the con- the World Bank and the International Finance tinent increase energy access and $11 million was Corporation (IFC) in 2007, has also been guiding devoted to clean energy issues. In FY2016, ESMAP the design of the International Development Asso- allocated $4.6 million to activities in Africa, pri- ciation (IDA) off-grid energy access portfolio and marily through AFREA, supporting renewable has leveraged over $40 million for seven IDA proj- energy and access interventions. ects that are currently under implementation in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Europe and Central Asia (ECA). ECA’s efforts Ethiopia, Liberia, Mali, Uganda, and Tanzania. focus on helping client countries to secure reli- able, efficient, and sustainable energy supply; ESMAP’s Global Geothermal Development Plan designing and implementing socially and finan- (GGDP) has helped leverage a $8.55 million cially sustainable energy tariff and subsidy 4 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM reforms; and scaling-up energy efficiency and $1.8 million from SIDS DOCK, ESMAP has been renewable energy. In FY2014–16, ESMAP allocated supporting countries in the region in terms of nearly $9.1 million to the region through 99 activ- strengthening the enabling environment and insti- ities, $6 million of which covered energy efficiency tutions, and enhancing the climate resilience issues; the remaining focused on energy assess- of their energy systems. Out of this support, ments and strategies to help the region reform its $4 million was employed for energy efficiency sector, including for energy subsidy reforms. In and another $3 million towards clean energy. In FY2016, ESMAP allocated $3.8 million to activi- FY2016, ESMAP and SIDS DOCK allocated ties in ECA. $1.8 million to activities in LCR. East Asia and Pacific (EAP). EAP’s priorities Middle East North Africa (MNA). The region’s include scaling up renewable energy, increasing energy consumption has grown faster over the access to modern energy, promoting regional past 30 years compared to other regions even energy trade and market integration, and help- though per capita consumption is still low in non- ing countries with sector reforms. In FY2014–16, Gulf countries. Decreasing oil prices led to lower ESMAP allocated $13.0 million and SIDS DOCK revenues for oil exporting countries while energy allocated $6.8 million through 97 activities in the subsidies continue to place a significant burden region and ASTAE supplemented this with an on budgets. ESMAP allocated $6.6 million to the additional $8 million. Out of the total funding, region in FY2014–16 through 59 activities. In $8 million was used to address clean energy chal- FY2016, ESMAP allocated $4.1 million to activi- lenges and $6 million was devoted to strength- ties in MNA. ening the region’s energy sector through assessments and strategies. In FY2016, ESMAP South Asia Region (SAR). Although the region allocated $6.4 million to activities in EAP and an has made notable improvement in its electrifica- additional $6.8 million through SIDS DOCK. tion rate in recent years, nearly 400 million peo- ple in the region are still without access to Latin America and Caribbean (LCR). The World electricity and 1.1 billion people lack access to Bank estimates that investments amounting to clean cooking. The challenge is likely to get more $430 billion will be needed in the region to meet complex as energy demand grows to keep pace the growing energy demand as power consump- with an expanding population and economy. tion is expected to double between 2010 and 2030. Regional priorities include: increasing access to However, the region still faces energy challenges modern energy services through grid and off-grid such as weak infrastructure and has been strug- electricity and clean cooking; strengthening net- gling with a wide range of issues in developing works, utilities, and regional trade to improve the new electricity generation capacity. This is exac- quality and reliability of supply; and ensuring erbated by the unprecedented operational risk that long-term sector sustainability and promoting climate change poses to Latin America’s energy energy efficiency and renewable energy. Over the landscape. In FY2014–16, through 107 activities past three fiscal years, ESMAP has allocated amounting to $8.5 million from ESMAP and $11.1 million and ASTAE another $7.7 million. COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 5 country level, ESMAP is able to further its goal FIGURE 1.2 of achieving environmentally sustainable energy ESMAP, SIDS, and ASTAE Allocations, solutions for poverty reduction and economic by Region ($ Millions), FY2014–16 growth. Through Lighting Africa, ESMAP works in part- $6.6 $18.7 nership with IFC, the Climate and Development 5% 14% $28.4 Knowledge Network (CDKN), the Global Off-grid 21% Lighting Association (GOGLA), the Global Part- $10.3 nership on Output-Based Aid (GPOBA), GEF, the 8% Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility $9.1 $32.6 (PPIAF), the Renewable Energy and Energy Effi- 7% 24% ciency Partnership (REEEP), and the United States $28.4 to create better understanding of the opportuni- 21% ties presented by the rapidly growing market for high quality, affordable off-grid lighting products. The program generates critical market data, ana- AFR EAP ECA LCR lyzes market trends, and maps existing and poten- MNA SAR Global tial distribution channels to help manufacturers, distributors, and retailers make informed busi- ness decisions. $12 million was dedicated to promoting clean and renewable energy and another $3 million to A joint World Bank-IFC team has collaborated to increasing energy access. In FY2016, ESMAP allo- conduct an assessment of the barriers to develop- cated $1.7 million to activities in SAR. ment of small hydropower in the Kyrgyz Repub- lic. Although the country has significant economic potential for small hydropower plants and a grow- PARTNERSHIPS: LEVERAGING ing interest among private project developers, only FINANCE AND EXPERTISE around 3 percent of this potential is currently being utilized. Among the reasons for lack of commer- ESMAP values its close collaboration with vari- cial development are numerous legal, regulatory ous development partners, including international and institutional barriers. The joint team is com- non-government organizations, bilateral develop- bining analysis of these barriers with investor dia- ment agencies, other multilateral institutions, and logue to understand the steps needed in designing local and global think tanks. By engaging in global commercially bankable projects. The project will strategic initiatives, joint analytical work, and by help the government in attracting foreign direct informing follow-on work done by partners at the investment into the sector. 6 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM BOX 1.1 ABOUT ESMAP ESMAP is a global technical assistance program administered by the World Bank and situated in the World Bank’s Energy and Extractives Global Practice in Washington, DC. ESMAP’s program includes both regional and country-focused activities implemented primarily by regional energy teams at the World Bank and global initiatives managed by the ESMAP program unit. The ESMAP core unit of about 30 staff is responsible for the day-to-day management of the program and implementation of the strategy out- lined in ESMAP’s Business Plan. The unit comprises teams working on several thematic and cross-cutting solution areas such as energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy subsidy reform, gen- der, communications, and monitoring and evaluation. The ESMAP unit is also responsible for the man- agement and administration of the ASTAE and SIDS DOCK Multi Donor Trust Funds (MDTF). Consultative Group ESMAP is governed by a Consultative Group (CG) comprising representatives from contributing donors and chaired by the Senior Director of the World Bank’s Energy and Extractives Global Prac- tice. The CG meets annually to review the strategic direction of ESMAP, its achievements, use of resources, and funding requirements. ESMAP’s donors are: Australia Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Austria Federal Ministry of Finance Denmark* Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs European Commission† Finland Ministry for Foreign Affairs France Agence Française de Développement Germany Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development; Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety Iceland Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan‡ Ministry of Finance Lithuania Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ministry of the Environment The Netherlands§ Minister of Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sweden§ Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Switzerland Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs United Kingdom§ Department for International Development The World Bank Group Technical Advisory Group A Technical Advisory Group (TAG) consisting of three international experts, Tamara Babayan, Veena Joshi, and Willem van Nes, appointed by the CG provides informed, independent opinions to the CG about the purpose, strategic direction, and priorities of ESMAP. The TAG also provides advice and suggestions to the CG on current and emerging global energy sector issues likely to impact ESMAP’s client countries. *Denmark also provides funding for SIDS DOCK MDTF † The European Commission has provided funding through Denmark for the Energy Subsidy Reform and Delivery Technical Assistance Facility ‡ Japan provides funding for SIDS DOCK MDTF § The Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom provide funding for both ESMAP and ASTAE MDTFs COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 7 FIGURE 1.3 ESMAP Operational Portfolio (including SIDS and ASTAE), by Region, FY2014–16 GLOBAL 97 activities US$28.3 million allocated 21% of portfolio LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 107 activities US$10.3 million allocated 8% of portfolio 8 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 59 activities 99 activities US$6.6 million allocated US$9.1 million allocated 5% of portfolio 7% of portfolio EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC 97 activities US$28.4 million allocated 21% of portfolio SOUTH ASIA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 55 activities 142 activities US$18.7 million allocated US$32.6 million allocated 14% of portfolio 24% of portfolio COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 9 In the Western Balkans region (Albania, Bosnia ESMAP’S COOPERATION and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, the former WITH DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS TN S Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia), ESMAP supported initial scoping ™ ESMAP partnered with Australia, Aus- tria, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, work to help identify viable investment options and Norway in support of IFC’s Lighting and policy measures to increase the use of bio- Myanmar program mass for heating in a sustainable manner. This ™ In cooperation with Australia, Denmark, initial funding informed a comprehensive sector Finland, France, and Germany, ESMAP study on the use of biomass for heating, which is funding a study on Afghanistan’s elec- is funded by the Western Balkans Investment tricity grid Framework (WBIF). The analytical work carried ™ In support of the Lighting Africa program, out with the support of ESMAP and WBIF was ESMAP and IFC have coordinated with Austria, Denmark, The Netherlands, implemented in close cooperation with the Energy Norway, and United Kingdom Community Secretariat, and presented and dis- ™ ESMAP is cooperating with France on a cussed at regional and country levels with all number of activities, including a series seven countries involved. of country specific studies on demand- side energy efficiency for Bangladesh, Under the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) Pakistan, and India; the Geothermal Knowledge Hub, the World Bank, ESMAP, and Power Generation Project; the Niger the International Energy Agency (IEA) led a con- Electricity Access Expansion Project; the Energy Efficiency Action Plan for West sortium of 23 international agencies including Bank and Gaza donors, non-governmental organizations, and ™ A National Electrification Strategy is multilateral institutions to develop the method- under preparation in Mozambique, orga- ology and deliver the Global Tracking Framework nized by ESMAP, Germany, Japan, Nor- (GTF) in 2013 and 2015. Five United Nations way, Sweden, and United Kingdom Regional Economic Commissions1 are joining the ™ In collaboration with Germany, ESMAP GTF Consortium for the 2017 update, to build is funding the Clean Cooking activities in India, and hosting the data on wind mea- closer links to the regions and countries. surement in Vietnam ™ With support from ESMAP, Austria, and ESMAP’s Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) Germany, the Caribbean Sustainable Integration Program leveraged resources through Energy Roadmap and Strategy (C-SERMS) partnerships with the Global Sustainable Electric- Platform was developed ity Partnership (GSEP), the Clean Energy ™ Japan provided parallel financing for subsidy reform in Jordan, for which ESMAP provided technical assistance 1 The United Nations Regional Economic Commissions are: ™ ESMAP and United Kingdom are work- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia ing together to assess potential for geo- and the Pacific (UNESCAP), Economic Commission for Latin thermal power in Dominica and St. Lucia America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), United Nations Eco- nomic Commission for Africa (ECA), and United Nations Eco- nomic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UNESCWA). 10 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Ministerial (CEM), the National Renewable Energy in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Ukraine and Laboratories (NREL), and the Korean Green allowed World Bank staff and external audiences Growth Trust Fund. The CEM is a global forum to learn from the perspectives of these to promote policies and share best practices to countries. accelerate the global transition to clean energy. ESMAP’s partnership with CEM and NREL enabled the participation of a renewable energy INCORPORATING ENERGY INTO expert from NREL in several World Bank train- KEY ECONOMIC SECTORS ings and operational missions, helped with the organization of events and study tours, and sup- ESMAP continues to strengthen collaboration with ported the provision of the CEM “Ask an Expert” sectors like urban, health, transport, and water policy advice service to clients. The partnership to leverage their expertise and knowledge, and to with GSEP is helping to produce several techni- design integrated solutions that address complex, cal knowledge products on Smart Grid technolo- multifaceted challenges. gies, grid codes, and requirements for grid-connected renewable energy technologies. As part of ESMAP’s commitment to transform the clean cooking sector, a cross-sectoral approach ESMAP is collaborating with the International was established to mobilize financing and help Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to help dis- close the global investment gap for reaching uni- seminate renewable energy resource maps via versal access to modern cooking, estimated to be their Global Atlas for Renewable Energy. The at least $4.4 billion annually. ESMAP’s Efficient, maps are hosted on a World Bank geoserver, and Clean Cooking and Heating (ECCH) initiative are streamed into the Global Atlas interface on teamed up with the World Bank’s Energy, Climate, demand. ESMAP and IRENA also work closely Health, and Gender teams and Cardano Develop- together to respond to country queries, and on ment to organize a stakeholder consultation in providing best practice guidance to clients. Amsterdam, in June 2016, to explore the concept of monetizing the climate, health, and gender co- ESMAP also partnered with World Bank’s Nordic benefits of efficient, clean cooking and heating. Executive Director’s Office (Denmark, Estonia, The approach—in which funds are used to pay Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and for verified climate, health and gender impact- Sweden), the United States, and the Friends of level results—could potentially mobilize public Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform group of countries and private investment. The consultation was (Costa Rica, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, New chaired by the World Bank Director of the Health, Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland) to Nutrition and Population Global Practice. Partici- organize an event during the World Bank Spring pants included representatives from the energy, Meetings in April 2016 on “Energy Subsidy health, climate change, and gender sectors; bilat- Reform: Country Experiences and Progress erals; social impact investors; financiers; and key Made.” This ministerial-level seminar highlighted international stakeholders such as Energising recent progress in energy subsidy reform efforts Development (EnDev) and Global Alliance for COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 11 BOX 1.2 CONFLICT AND FRAGILITY: SECURING ENERGY DURING UNCERTAINTY By 2030, almost half of the world’s poor are expected to live in countries affected by fragility, con- flict, and violence (FCV). FCV can negatively affect equitable growth and human development and compromise hard-earned development gains. Addressing this challenge remains a concern for achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, and a priority for the World Bank’s twin goals. Recent years have seen growing attention on the issue of energy security in countries affected by FCV. Continued migration of people from conflict seeking better life prospects will complicate efforts to provide affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy. There are many concerns such as resource depletion, reliance on foreign sources of energy, deteriorating and continuously damaged infra- structure, collapse of entire institutional systems, and corruption. Investing in energy infrastruc- ture is pivotal to unlocking economic growth in these difficult environments. It would not only be crucial for reaching isolated communities and allow millions of disadvantaged people to access basic services but also contribute to rehabilitation efforts supporting state building. However, energy investments in these fragile situations are often complex. As the international community strengthens its support to countries affected by FCV, ESMAP will continue to be instrumental for the World Bank and its partners in their efforts to promote energy security and alleviate energy poverty in these countries. During FY2014–16, ESMAP allocated 9 percent (or $10 million) of its total budget to FCV countries. In West Bank and Gaza, ESMAP, in collaboration with France’s Agence Française de Développe- ment (AFD), supported the Energy Efficiency Action Plan that identifies priority energy efficiency actions to be implemented between 2020 and 2030. Specifically, ESMAP supported the identifica- tion of energy efficiency gains and the design of an ambitious action plan to reduce total consump- tion of electricity by 5 percent (500 GWh/year). A complementary study, cofinanced by ESMAP and Norway’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is underway, aiming to determine the optimal power genera- tion portfolio and associated investment strategy to ensure energy security for West Bank and Gaza. Targeted at policymakers, the work is expected to produce an investment plan to build a resilient energy system in a context of high uncertainty. Iraq’s Kurdistan Region has been subject to political instability, which impacted the fiscal frame- work needed to provide basic electricity services. This inability to maintain or invest in the sector threatens to develop into a full-blown energy crisis. ESMAP’s Energy Subsidies and Tariffs Reform activity focuses on diagnostics of subsidies and cost of service, assessments of economic and social impacts of reducing subsidies and public perceptions, as well as a communication strategy. The technical assistance produced analytical work and initiated policy dialogue, which served as entry points to discuss power sector reforms. As a result, tariff reform is now on the agenda of the gov- ernment, as evidenced by their commitment in Paris during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21). 12 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM BOX 1.2 Continued ESMAP and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) jointly funded a study to comprehensively assess Afghanistan’s energy sector with a focus on areas currently outside the electricity grid. The study will inform World Bank investments aimed at increasing accessibility to affordable and sustainable energy. In the context of the $2 million study, regular collaboration and exchange occurs with stakeholders within Afghanistan’s energy sector, as well as development partners including Denmark, Finland, France, and Germany. In South Sudan, support through AFREA led to the development of the first electricity bill in the country as well as the first rural electrification policy, which is awaiting ratification from the par- liament. Input was also provided to other legal and regulatory documents, such as the private power purchase agreement framework and policies on private sector investment promotion and tariff structure proclamation. The support strengthened institutional capacity in financial management and project accounting, technical advice, development of terms of reference, request for propos- als, and bidding and regulatory documents. At less than 2 percent, Liberia’s electrification rate is one of the lowest in the world. Expanding access to reliable and affordable electricity, particularly to the rural poor, is one of Liberia’s top- most priorities. Over the past decade, ESMAP has provided support to establish Liberia’s Rural and Renewable Energy Agency and to help the country expand the use of local renewable sources of energy to increase energy access. These activities have helped to inform the $27 million Liberia Renewable Energy Access Project—the first World Bank-supported energy access project outside the capital city of Monrovia in post-conflict Liberia. COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 13 Clean Cookstoves. Discussions resulted in a con- initiative involves staff from eight Global Prac- sensus to move forward with the initiative with tices (Energy and Extractives, Macroeconomics the World Bank taking the lead in ensuring active and Fiscal Management, Poverty, Social Develop- stakeholder engagement. A second meeting is ment, Social Protection and Labor, Trade and planned for fall 2016 in the United States. Competitiveness, Environment, and Governance), as well as communications experts. ESMAP’s Energy Subsidy Reform Facility embraces a multi-sectoral approach to policy Through the Thirsty Energy initiative launched reform, highlighting the complexity of energy sub- in January 2014, ESMAP helps countries to inte- sidies. This work has bolstered the World Bank’s grate water constraints into energy planning. In ability to provide a coordinated and comprehen- FY2016, Thirsty Energy produced two knowledge sive response to clients in a manner that capital- notes—Thirsty Energy: Understanding the Link- izes on the  full expertise of the  Bank in ages between Energy and Water and Thirsty Energy macroeconomic and fiscal matters, poverty anal- and the Importance of Water for Oil and Gas ysis and policy, communications and consulta- Extraction—which aim to raise awareness of the tions, energy, and social protection. For example, water-energy challenges and promote dialogue the Energy Subsidy Reform Facility is leading a among governments, international organizations, Bank-wide initiative to develop an assessment and the private sector. framework for diagnosing energy subsidies and the environment for reform that will help coordi- ESMAP is partnering with the Urban, Transport, nate the work of sectoral experts to deliver com- and Water Global Practices of the World Bank to prehensive technical assistance to clients. The promote energy efficiency components in their 14 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM operations. For example, rapid urbanization in seismic resilience retrofits in existing infrastruc- the Kyrgyz Republic presents many challenges ture. Collaborating closely with the Urban Global as infrastructure and services need to be improved Practice, ESMAP is strengthening the capacity of to accommodate increasing populations. A $14.4 local municipalities to plan and implement energy million Urban Development Project supported by efficiency activities and to prepare related the World Bank aims to improve the quality of investments. municipal services and pilot energy efficiency and COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 15 BOX 1.3 HOW ESMAP IS INFLUENCING THE WORLD BANK ON URBAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY ESMAP has supported activities covering a broad spectrum of urban sectors, including buildings, industry, power and heat, public lighting, transportation, waste management, and water and waste- water. While many of the activities were undertaken through the Energy Global Practice of the World Bank, several others were undertaken by Urban, Water, or Transport World Bank teams and con- tributed to integrating energy efficiency into their country dialogues and operations. WATER. ESMAP’s energy efficient cities activities have provided input for the Water Sector Strat- egy for the Latin America and Caribbean region, where energy efficiency in water utilities has been a key action area of support in countries like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Uruguay. For example, ESMAP funded the assessment of the Nicaraguan Water and Sewerage Company (ENACAL) with a focus on energy efficiency and nonrevenue water reduction, developing a Master Plan for ENACAL’s Oper- ational Efficiency. By implementing the measures outlined in the Master Plan, ENACAL will real- ize a reduction in electricity bills from 50 percent of operational expenses to 30 percent. In China, ESMAP supported the analysis of energy savings that can be achieved with relevant facility expan- sion, upgrade, and modification for both the Guilin Water Supply Company and Guilin Wastewater Treatment Company. With these improvements, energy savings and improvements in the water quality of the Lijiang River will be achieved. URBAN. ESMAP is also contributing to the integration of energy efficiency considerations in activ- ities led by the Urban Global Practice, especially activities related to urban planning. For example, in China, ESMAP support is helping the city of Chongqing establish a set of indicators and an assess- ment framework to define and understand a new model for urbanization and to promote integrated urban planning. This work, with important replicability potential, will inform the World Bank’s 16 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM BOX 1.3 Continued Chongqing New Urbanization Pilot and Demonstration Project, seeking to unlock a new wave of urban productivity and reshape urban forms. ESMAP support will also enable Chongqing to share its experience with—and learn from—the GEF-supported Global Platform for Sustainable Cities. In Mexico, ESMAP is supporting the piloting of a tool to analyze land-use patterns and their implica- tions in terms of infrastructure costs, energy consumption, emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants, as well as spending on transportation for its residents. This ESMAP- supported work, which has the potential to be replicated in other countries, will help Mexican cit- ies make informed decisions about their future growth paths and could subsequently provide key technical input for reforming existing—or designing new—instruments to promote energy efficient, compact, and inclusive growth of Mexican cities. TRANSPORT. The Transport Global Practice is promoting more efficient solutions, including Bus Rapid Transit, travel demand management, open data, nonmotorized transport, and integrated land use and transport planning, particularly in the Latin America and Caribbean region. ESMAP has also worked with the Transport Global Practice on piloting the inclusion of gender considerations in urban transportation projects. In Dhaka, Bangladesh, ESMAP funding allowed for the analysis of accessibility of residents, particularly women, to jobs and urban services. The assessment pro- vided insight into how future development of urban transport infrastructure could enhance or hin- der accessibility. At the corporate level, ESMAP’s energy efficiency program was instrumental in the inclusion of energy efficiency in cities and buildings in the World Bank’s Climate Change Action Plan released on April 7, 2016. ESMAP’s continued support through the new ESMAP business plan will be criti- cal for the World Bank to meet the targets outlined in the Climate Change Action Plan. COMPLEX CHALLENGES, DYNAMIC OPPORTUNITIES 17 ENERGY CHAPTER 2 ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES T he need for a conducive enabling environment to attract private capital for energy sector develop- ment, and the growing fiscal strain caused by energy subsidies reinforce the importance of get- ting sector fundamentals and prices right. ESMAP’s support focuses on helping countries strengthen governance, plan- ning, and markets. This includes advice on regulatory envi- ronments, market structures, regional integration of infrastructure, power system planning, and energy subsidy reforms. To respond to increased demand from countries, ESMAP is harnessing its long-standing record of engagement in sector- wide assessments and of leveraging development financing and private sector investment. A few highlights of ESMAP’s work in this area include: In Armenia, a $30 million World Bank project was approved in 2016. Taking advantage of the World Bank’s Program-for- Results (PforR) financing mechanism, the project—Power Sector Financial Recovery Plan—will help Armenia ensure adequate and reliable electricity supply by improving the financial standing of state-owned power sector companies and the private power distribution company. ESMAP’s work 19 in Armenia paved the way for this project. Start- IN THREE YEARS, ing in 2014,  ESMAP prepared a policy note on ESMAP HAS: Armenia’s power sector, identifying key challenges facing the country’s state-owned companies, such ™ Allocated $9.8 million through the annual block grants, covering 50 activi- as inadequate governance and poor financial ties in 33 countries, resulting in $1.2 bil- standing. Following this note, ESMAP helped the lion of World Bank lending informed and government of Armenia to develop a financial improved policies and strategies for recovery plan and a detailed financial report to energy sector reforms, governance, address these challenges and overcome the con- markets and planning adopted in sev- sequences of weak financial management. eral countries, including Afghanistan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Jordan has successfully overcome its fuel cri- Vietnam ™ Provided $9.8 million to 19 countries for sis of 2010–15, which caused financial distress comprehensive technical assistance to in the sector. Since 2011, the country has made governments on energy subsidy reform, significant progress in increasing renewable including quantification of subsidies; energy capacity, putting it on track to reach its assessment of the impact of reform on target of 10 percent renewable energy in its households, firms, and the economy; overall energy mix by 2020. The country also design of impact mitigation mecha- leased a new liquefied natural gas import ter- nisms; analysis of stakeholders and of minal, which allowed Jordan to switch back public perception; and support for com- munications, informing the preparation from fuel oil to cleaner and cheaper natural gas of Development Policy Loans for energy to supply its conventional power plant fleet. pricing and sector reforms, such as in Some of the most important reforms were sup- Egypt and Jordan ported by two $250 million World Bank pro- ™ Organized 9 inter-governmental peer grammatic Development Policy Loans (DPL) in learning webinars and 2 regional events 2015–16, with parallel financing from the Japan for a growing virtual collective of International Cooperation Agency (JICA), 233 government and expert members from 32 countries called the Energy Sub- which aims to improve the financial viability sidy Reform Online Community and increase efficiency gains in the energy and water sectors. To support the DPL series, the government requested technical assistance from ESMAP to improve performance of the National Electric Power Company. ESMAP’s efforts focus Resources and the National Electric Power Com- on organizational restructuring, procurement pany. Strengthening the management and reg- procedures, and fuel and power system plan- ulatory capacities will increase Jordan’s energy ning through the training of sector stakehold- sector efficiency and accelerate its energy ers, such as the Ministry of Energy and Mineral transition. 20 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM In Indonesia, ESMAP conducted an assessment sedimentation with improved agriculture and for- of the current legislative and regulatory situation est management practices, using an integrated and the challenges to local benefit sharing from watershed management approach, which could hydropower projects.2 The corresponding report serve as a model for a benefit sharing mechanism examined Indonesia’s regulations and policy envi- like payment for ecological services. ronment, current practice in benefit sharing, reviewed relevant international experience and In India, ESMAP and AusAid funded a stocktak- lessons learned, and provided guidance to intro- ing exercise of India’s power sector, covering duce selected benefit sharing mechanisms on access levels and barriers to sustainable adoption hydropower projects. These guidelines will be of electricity; the financial and operational per- field-tested in a pilot program, in collaboration formance of sector utilities, with a specific focus with KfW, on the Poko Hydropower Project being on distribution; experience with private partici- funded by a separate World Bank/IBRD loan. pation; and the quality of regulatory and corpo- The pilot will include a component to manage rate governance in the power sector across the different states in the country. This assessment contributed to the broader analytical base that 2 Local benefit sharing in hydropower projects can be defined as the systematic efforts by project proponents to has informed the World Bank’s support to the sustainably benefit local communities affected by hydro- power sector in India, in particular a program- power investments. Benefit sharing is a promising approach for implementing hydropower projects sustainably, and is matic series of two $250 million IBRD-financed emerging as a supplement to the requirements of compensa- DPLs, focusing on one of India’s largest states, tion and mitigation. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ handle/10986/18366?show=full Rajasthan. The loans support legislative changes ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES 21 and institutional reforms, as well as the financial Ukrainian authorities and aimed to boost compe- restructuring needed to turn around Rajasthan’s tition and integration with the European Union’s electricity distribution sector under the central gas market. Based on the recommendations of government’s 24ϫ7 Power for All program, which the technical assistance, the Government of aims to provide continuous, reliable power to all Ukraine approved the ownership unbundling households in the country. model for transmission and storage operations on July 1, 2015, and has embarked on its Further, ESMAP and AusAid supported a compre- implementation. hensive diagnostic study of the power sector, focusing mainly on transmission, distribution, and In Moldova, ESMAP supported an Electric Power regulation, in the sparsely populated but strate- Market Options Study to provide the Government gically important and resource-rich North East- of Moldova with guidance on power market ern Region of India. Based on the study’s options, investments needed to enhance the secu- recommendations, the World Bank assisted the rity and reliability of supply, and options to effec- Government in preparing a Capacity Building and tively integrate the power sector into the Energy Institutional Strengthening Plan for eight utilities Community market. As a result of the study, the across six states to improve their operational func- Government signed a Memorandum of Under- tioning and service delivery, as well as contrib- standing with the Government of Romania on ute towards the development of the clean and establishing an asynchronous interconnection renewable sources of energy present in the region between the two countries. The study and related and thus support economic activity in the region. follow-up work supported by ESMAP also helped Subsequently, this plan will be implemented to inform the design of a new investment lend- under the North Eastern Region Power System ing operation in the power sector, which is cur- Improvement Project—a $470 million IBRD loan rently in preparation. This activity aims to improve (approved in June 2016) to increase the delivery the security and reliability of the electricity trans- of electricity to the power distribution networks mission system through interconnections with in the six participating states stretching across the Romania, and to enable the creation of a trans- eastern foothills of the Himalayas. parent and competitive electric power market in Moldova and its integration into the regional elec- In Ukraine, technical assistance jointly financed tric power market. by ESMAP and the European Commission is facil- itating gas market reforms. The activity included the analysis of restructuring options for produc- HELPING COUNTRIES NAVIGATE tion, transmission, and storage business lines of SUBSIDY REFORM the national vertically integrated gas company, Naftogaz. The analysis was based on a multi- Countries around the world are finding that criteria assessment framework agreed upon with energy subsidies can pose barriers to their 22 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM economic, environmental, and fiscal health. In World Bank teams that provide technical assis- most cases, the benefits of energy subsidies are tance to clients.5 The teams are composed of reaped by higher income groups. Energy subsi- experts in poverty reduction, social protection, dies can also create huge budget pressures for energy pricing and sector reforms, fiscal policy, governments, cause distortions in the energy sec- social development, and communications. tor by encouraging inefficient consumption and Through an array of activities, the facility has by keeping prices artificially low, and increase helped countries assess their subsidies and the energy consumption, contributing to pollution and impacts of reforms, design reform programs, greenhouse gas emissions. In 2015, global subsi- develop public communications strategies, and dies reached $325 billion.3 put in place social protection measures to help the poor during this transition. Many countries have initiated energy subsidies reforms and have recently made important pro- Egypt embarked on an ambitious energy subsidy gress in subsidy removal, using the opportunity reform in 2014, aiming to phase out subsidies of low fuel prices. With the recent commitments within five years. At that time, energy subsidies in Paris to address climate change, countries are comprised 7 percent of the gross domestic prod- also increasingly concerned about the greenhouse uct and 22 percent of the Government’s budget, gas emissions from burning more fossil fuels due representing a major contributor to the fiscal def- to subsidies. At least 11 countries—Egypt, Ethio- icit. Responding to the Government’s request, the pia, Ghana, India, Iran, Kuwait, Morocco, World Bank rapidly mobilized technical assistance Rwanda, Togo, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam— through ESMAP, in parallel with funding from the have formally committed to fossil fuel subsidy African Development Bank (AfDB) and the Euro- reforms in their Nationally Determined Contribu- pean Union. In two phases, ESMAP support pro- tions (NDCs).4 vided resources to undertake key policy and analytical work, as well as specialized training on ESMAP’s Energy Subsidy Reform and Delivery issues ranging from gas pricing, to economic mod- Technical Assistance Facility, a $20 million effort eling, communications, and mitigation mecha- launched in 2013, with additional support from nisms. This support helped provide the analytical the European Commission, assists governments and institutional foundations that enabled the gov- looking to embark upon the complicated journey ernment to move ahead with the reforms. As a of energy subsidy reforms. Since its inception, the result, between 2014 and 2016, Egypt slashed sub- facility has assisted 19 countries, undertaken sidy spending by 3.6 percent of the gross domes- 4 regional activities, and allocated $9 million to tic product, and spending on health and education 3 According to the International Energy Agency. 5 Countries supported by World Bank teams include: Alge- 4 Detailed information at the regional, country, and sectoral ria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Egypt, Haiti, Iraq, levels on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) can be Kyrgyz Republic, Macedonia, Madagascar, Moldova, Serbia, found on the World Bank NDC Platform: Indc.worldbank.org Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and Zambia. ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES 23 outstripped energy subsidies for the first time in responsible energy subsidy reform to maximize FY2015. This support laid the groundwork for pro- benefits to the poor. In this process, ESMAP grammatic policy dialogue that led to a request reached out to the Central Asia Energy Water for a three-year World Bank DPL series to support Development Program (CAEWDP) to combine the Government’s economic reform program, forces towards common results. The work is coor- including continued subsidy reforms. The first dinated by a multi-sectoral team, including the DPL, totaling $1 billion, was approved in Decem- Energy, Social Development, and Poverty Global ber 2015. The second DPL, again for $1 billion, Practices of the World Bank. Strong client partic- will be presented to the World Bank’s board of ipation was ensured through a Joint Working directors in mid FY2017. Group, chaired by the Ministry of Finance. In Ukraine, ESMAP assistance helped conduct an in-depth analysis and provided hands-on BETTER KNOWLEDGE, MORE support to enable a strong policy response to SUSTAINABLE REFORMS wasteful energy subsidies. As a result, the gov- ernment increased tariffs in 2015 and 2016 for a To further strengthen learning and knowledge combined increase of 470 percent for residential sharing among a growing community of experts gas and 193 percent for district heating. This and government counterparts, ESMAP launched helped to improve the financial viability of the the Energy Subsidy Reform Online Community gas sector, which made a profit for the first time (ESROC) in April 2015. The ESROC online plat- in 2016. In terms of sheltering the poor from price form and webinars provide a space for candid dis- increases, the government remarkably increased cussion, networking among peers, and exchanging the number of poor beneficiaries under the Hous- knowledge and experiences related to the chal- ing and Utilities Subsidy program from 1 million lenges of reforming energy subsidies. Since its to 5 million households in 2015. Other work also inception, it has grown to 234 members from included training for journalists to ensure 32 countries, including 89 members from govern- informed coverage of the policy decisions and ments and academia, and 145 World Bank staff support to the government to strengthen social from five different Global Practices. assistance mechanisms. The World Bank is now exploring the option of providing monetary sub- In FY2016, ESROC hosted six webinars for gov- sidies (actual funds instead of price or tax rebates) ernment officials to share their experiences and refining the Housing and Utilities Subsidy to with other members while World Bank experts better target the poor. helped to draw parallels with other countries and moderate the discussion. Members from 22 coun- In Uzbekistan, ESMAP is helping the government tries participated, at a rate of 50 to 60 people per to assess the fiscal, economic, and social impacts session, as the webinars were simultaneously of energy subsidies in the gas, electricity, and heat interpreted into Arabic, Russian, and English. sectors, and to design policy options for socially Webinar topics covered communication strategies, 24 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM El Salvador’s experience with mobile payment PaHal program—a program that was set up to pro- systems, Indonesia’s engagement with social pro- vide direct monetary transfers to beneficiaries and tection, and Iran’s example of universal cash allows them to know the actual price of each liq- transfers. One of the highlights included a high- uefied petroleum gas cylinder. This has spurred level discussion with India’s Minister of Petro- interest from governments across the Middle East leum and Natural Gas on the use of biometric and North Africa region who have planned con- information, such as iris scans and fingerprints, sultation visits with India to exchange more to identify the legitimate recipients of liquefied details about their efforts. petroleum gas subsidies through the country’s ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES 25 ACCESS TO CHAPTER 3 ENERGY A pproximately 1.1 billion people worldwide still live without access to electricity—most of them in Africa and Asia—which has an impact on chil- dren’s education, public safety, services, and job creation. Another 2.9 billion rely on wood or other biomass for cooking and heating, resulting in indoor and outdoor air pollution that causes about 4.3 million deaths each year.6 To reverse this trend, and to meet the Sustainable Develop- ment Goal of universal energy access by 2030, additional elec- tricity delivery options need to be explored. Responding to this challenge, ESMAP focuses on four areas of intervention to scale up electrification: (i) national pro- grams through geospatial planning and investment prospec- tuses; (ii) urban poor through comprehensive solutions that target legal, social, and institutional barriers to access; (iii) mini grids and isolated power systems, which can deliver energy services to households and businesses in rural areas; 6 World Bank and International Energy Agency. 2014. Sustainable Energy for All 2013–2014: Global Tracking Framework. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16537 27 and (iv) clean cooking and heating solutions, IN THREE YEARS, which can save millions of lives and help reach ESMAP HAS: sustainable energy goals by 2030. ™ Prepared SE4All technical assistance investment prospectuses in Myanmar, Guinea, and Nigeria for over $1 billion of INCREASING ELECTRICITY investment in energy access ACCESS THROUGH NATIONWIDE ™ Supported, under the Global Facility on PROGRAMS Mini Grids, is the development and imple- mentation of a $102 million portfolio Over the past year, ESMAP has remained a prom- funded by the Scaling Up Renewable inent global player in advancing the agenda on Energy Program and $50 million by the electricity access by helping countries to tackle World Bank ™ Helped accelerate, under the Urban Poor complex challenges through national programs. initiative, electrification in slum areas in During FY2016, ESMAP interventions have influ- Kenya to more than 100,000 connections enced further investment in the sector, initiated per year reforms, and helped strengthen institutions. As part of the World Bank’s commitment to SE4All, ESMAP has launched the SE4All Techni- cal Assistance Program to work with selected countries on developing policy frameworks, improving planning processes, strengthening insti- tutions, and mobilizing the financing needed to prospectuses that outline key interventions for expand and accelerate their national energy access scaling up access, and identify and mobilize fund- programs. ing; and (ii) the implementation of national plans, using geospatial planning and the right mix of Achieving universal access by 2030 will require a grid and off-grid electrification for least-cost steep increase in the rate of new connections and options, to optimize investments. in levels of investment, particularly in countries with low energy access. Early results from coun- The goal of the program is to help extend energy tries that have implemented sector-wide access to 200 million people by 2030. Through its approaches show that these programs tend to initial $15 million phase, which began in 2013, achieve better and faster results than a project- support was provided to 11 countries: Burundi, by-project approach. Promoting these types of pro- Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Liberia, Mozam- grams for increasing energy access lies at the core bique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, and of the SE4All Technical Assistance Program, which Senegal, along with technical and financing stud- focuses on two key components: (i)  the ies to help strengthen regional power pools in development of country-based investment Sub-Saharan Africa. 28 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM In Sub-Saharan Africa, the focus has remained the Kano and Kaduna distribution companies on helping countries develop strategies and invest- have supported recently privatized utilities ment prospectuses for scaling up rural to plan for energy access expansion, laid the electrification: path for off-grid investments, and assessed the key sector bottlenecks affecting the imple- t In Burundi, political stability was restored mentation of a nation-wide electrification in 2016 enabling the development of a dis- rollout. The reports have also informed a tribution expansion plan to be relaunched. World Bank access project currently under The plan is expected to be finalized by June preparation. 2017. Additional support to develop legal and t In Senegal, the investment prospectus has regulatory frameworks, as well as public- been drafted and is expected to be completed private partnerships, is ongoing. in FY2017. The investment prospectus is t In Guinea, the investment prospectus has complemented by technical assistance activi- been completed in coordination with AFD, ties to the rural electrification agency. aiming to mobilize $550 million for a com- prehensive grid and off-grid electrification In Myanmar, where 84 percent of households in program, supported by geospatial mapping the rural areas have no electricity connection, the and an atlas mapping hydropower resources. World Bank, with support from ESMAP, helped Assistance was also provided to policy and design an ambitious National Electrification Pro- regulatory reforms for establishing public- gram which is now being implemented with the private partnerships for hydropower. support of a $400 million IDA credit approved by t In Liberia, four to six mini-hydropower sites the World Bank in September 2015. Support from have been identified to provide power to ASTAE helped prepare the project, which is communities that will not be connected to expected to bring electricity to more than 1.2 mil- the grid in the near term. In addition, support lion households by 2021. It will expand the exist- was provided for the development of a finan- ing electricity grid by adding medium- and cial model for the sector; target setting and low-voltage distribution networks, giving more monitoring are in progress. towns and homes access to grid-based electricity. t In Mozambique, a National Electrification It will also include off-grid electrification systems Strategy is under preparation in coordination such as solar systems and mini grids to bring elec- with Germany, Japan, Norway, Sweden, and tricity to rural communities located far from the the United Kingdom with the goal of achiev- national grid. ESMAP also helped the National Elec- ing universal access to electricity services trification Program mobilize an additional $200 mil- that meet applicable standards on quality in lion in concessional financing and informed the a sustainable manner in the shortest possible development of the market-based IFC Lighting time and optimizing the allocation of Myanmar Program, with support from Australia’s resources. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), t In Nigeria, geospatial plans and investment Austria’s Federal Ministry of Finance, and the prospectuses for the seven states covered by United Kingdom’s Department for International ACCESS TO ENERGY 29 Development (DFID). In the process, ESMAP also context of the budgetary support provided by the partnered with Asian Development Bank (ADB), World Bank to the government. Informed by these JICA, KfW, GIZ, Italy, and Norway to agree on com- activities, the Government of Niger is now imple- mon approaches, leverage synergies, and increase menting a $54.5 million IDA credit and $10.5 mil- the impact of electrification efforts in Myanmar. lion grant supporting increased access in urban ESMAP is supporting an impact assessment of elec- areas, and is preparing a new operation focused trification on a geographic information system on off-grid energy access in rural areas. (GIS). The activity will develop a GIS platform, collect data at the village level, and conduct a base- line household survey. The first international com- INCREASING ELECTRICITY petitive bidding package on solar photovoltaic (PV) ACCESS FOR THE URBAN POOR systems for rural households and public institu- tions was launched in March 2016 and installation Today, almost 1 billion people live in urban slums for 140,000 households and nearly 10,000 public and informal settlements, often lacking access to institutions in more than 2,000 villages is expected safe, legal, reliable, and affordable electricity. to start in January 2017. Urban slum electrification is complex, often involving social, regulatory, financing, and urban In addition to these achievements, other high- planning issues in addition to expanding energy lights of the year included: infrastructure. While pockets of progress exist in countries such as South Africa, India, and Brazil, Institutional capacity was strengthened in Niger, substantial program scale-up has not yet hap- a country with one of the lowest electricity access pened. To this end, ESMAP has launched the rates in Africa. Specifically, ESMAP supported the Energy Access for the Urban Poor initiative to Ministry of Energy and Petroleum and NIGELEC, assist countries and World Bank project teams Niger’s power utility, to fill important gaps in the with customized interventions to increase access policy environment. Technical assistance to the to the urban poor, help bridge knowledge gaps, Ministry helped prepare a power sector strategy and work with communities to raise public aware- and identified the feasible energy supply options ness of electrification options. that Niger needs to consider to sustainably increase access. With ESMAP support, the World At a country level, the initiative cooperates with Bank also worked with the Ministry to strengthen a number of partners, including the GPOBA, UN- oversight capacity by creating an energy sector Habitat, and Cities Alliance. Several World Bank regulatory agency and approving a new electric- projects are receiving support from ESMAP. ity law, which establishes clear roles for the Min- istry, the regulator, and the utilities, and opens For example, in Burkina Faso, the initiative the sector to private investment. ESMAP assis- cofinanced work with Cities Alliance to integrate tance also facilitated policy dialogue on efficient energy access interventions into the country’s urban tariff methodologies with key stakeholders—a cru- program led by the Ministry of Housing and Urban cial step to developing a tariff approach in the Development. It is funding a study to recommend 30 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM options for the electrification of informal settle- electricity access in Haiti. It is contributing to a ments in selected major and secondary cities. pilot aiming to regularize unauthorized electric- ity connections in selected zones in the Port-au- In Kenya, the initiative is involved in a multifac- Prince Metropolitan Area under the World eted approach to make new connections affordable Bank-financed Rebuilding Energy Infrastructure to slum dwellers. In support of the Kenya Slum and Access Project. If successful, the pilot will be Electrification Project financed by the World Bank scaled up to other areas. and GPOBA, ESMAP led an assessment of barriers to electricity connections. Further, ESMAP orga- Similarly, in Jamaica, a baseline survey was car- nized a knowledge exchange forum in Nairobi to ried out to understand barriers to regularizing introduce Kenya Power, the national utility, to suc- unauthorized electricity connections in selected cessful examples of slum electrification in Brazil, low-income areas in Kingston. The results of the Colombia, and South Africa. As a result, using a survey were presented at a workshop with the community-based approach, Kenya Power has utility, government officials, and key stakehold- grown from connecting 5,000 households under its ers in June 2016. These efforts built on a 2015 informal settlements program, to over 150,000 in workshop organized in partnership with the U.S. just one year. A survey based on the ESMAP Multi- Agency for International Development (USAID) Tier Framework (MTF) approach is being carried to disseminate lessons on electricity loss reduc- out in the slum areas of Nairobi to help understand tion. Representatives of power utilities and reg- the drivers of success of slum programs and the ulatory agencies from India, Brazil, Chile, quality of energy access in these communities. Colombia, Dominican Republic, Kenya, and Jamaica shared experiences on this issue and dis- The initiative is also supporting efforts to reduce cussed ways to tackle illegal electricity connec- nontechnical electricity losses while improving tions in slums. In a follow-up to the workshop, ACCESS TO ENERGY 31 the Jamaica Public Service Company, the sole University of Chicago to help identify possible distributor of electricity in the country, is design- “soft” interventions and educational programs ing and implementing programs to make electric- to complement infrastructure investments, such ity more affordable for low-income households. as wiring and metering. Technical assistance also To ensure program sustainability, ESMAP contin- supports Jamaica’s power utility to help it regu- ues to collaborate with the University of West larize illegal connections while reducing non- Indies—Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and technical losses. The final findings will be Economic Studies (UWI-SALISES) and the presented in December 2016. 32 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM INCREASING ELECTRICITY in their countries. It covered issues of tariff struc- ACCESS THROUGH MINI GRIDS ture design of mini grids, financing, regulations, and interconnection of mini grids, once the main More than 95 percent of those without access to grid arrives. It also allowed for exchange of good electricity live in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, practices on the successful implementation of with the majority residing in rural areas. Mini mini grid projects. The event led to: (i) a request grids hold a great promise for electrifying remote from the Government of Kenya to include a areas in these regions, representing a low-cost $50 million component on mini grids in the new option for more than 120,000 villages and towns. Kenya Off-grid Solar Access Project for under- Innovations and declining costs have made mini served counties and (ii) the impetus of a mini grid grids a viable option to boost economic activity industry association. in areas that would otherwise be waiting years for grid connection. The World Bank, along with other multilateral partners in the CIF’s Scaling-up Renewable Energy While expansion of mini grids has been con- Program (SREP), is financing initial efforts to scale strained by policy and regulatory gaps, lack of up mini grids in Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nepal, and long-term financing, and technical capacity, the Tanzania. To date, more than $102 million has barriers are quickly breaking down. To build on been allocated for these mini grid programs from this momentum, ESMAP has launched the Global SREP and more than $50 million from the World Facility on Mini Grids to accelerate their expan- Bank. The ESMAP mini grids facility will provide sion in Sub-Saharan Africa, South and East Asia, technical assistance for these investments and and Small Island Developing States. The facility seek to identify opportunities to scale up. works with World Bank project teams, govern- ments, and other stakeholders to: (i) learn-by- Additionally, ESMAP, in partnership with UN doing through investments that scale up electricity Foundation and SE4All High Impact Opportunity service delivery with mini grids and (ii) enhance (HIO) on Mini Grids, produces a quarterly Mini the enabling environment for mini grids in high Grid Newsletter that covers the latest news and potential countries while serving as a platform to upcoming events, tools and resources, and fund- share global knowledge to strengthen the global ing opportunities for mini grid private sector play- mini grid community. ers. ESMAP also works with the private sector and IFC for better alignment of government pol- In May 2016, ESMAP and the CIF organized a con- icies and regulations to attract more investment ference on Upscaling Mini Grids for Least Cost and and innovation in mini grids. As a result, several Timely Access to Electricity Services in Nairobi, discussions with a coalition of large corporations Kenya. The five-day event brought together, for within the energy access space took place, agree- the first time, more than 200 representatives from ing on the establishment of informal working 29 countries to discuss ways to scale up mini grids groups to advance specific solutions within the as one of the solutions to meet energy demand mini grid industry. ACCESS TO ENERGY 33 SCALING UP CLEAN COOKING designed to help countries scale up the use of AND HEATING SOLUTIONS7 clean and efficient cooking and heating solutions by catalyzing innovation, utilizing results-based Nearly 3 billion people worldwide use solid fuels approaches, and scaling up public financing and in open fires and traditional stoves as the primary increased private investment to help close the source of cooking and heating energy. Exposure global investment gap for reaching universal to household air pollution from cooking and heat- access to modern cooking, estimated to be at least ing causes more than 3 million premature deaths $4.4 billion annually. annually, disproportionally affecting women and small children. Women and children also face the ECCH has mobilized lending in World Bank oper- physical and time burden of collecting firewood ations in South and East Asia, such as in the and other traditional fuels, making them, at times, China Hebei Air Pollution and Prevention Con- vulnerable to gender-based violence. A major, trol Program; developed gender-sensitive and global effort is needed to change the trajectory user-centric approaches, such as in the Indone- and to be on track to achieve universal access to sia Clean Stove Initiative (CSI); and integrated modern energy by 2030. Yet, thus far, global, coor- clean cooking across sectors, such as in the Lao dinated responses have been inadequate to effec- PDR CSI and Health Project, which is collaborat- tively tackle this challenge. ing with the Health, Education, and the Poverty Reduction teams of the World Bank and the Lao Capitalizing on the global momentum driven by PDR government to pilot an approach to mone- the SDG7 and the SE4All goals, ESMAP launched tize the health, climate, and gender co-benefits an initiative in 2015 to increase access to efficient, of clean cooking. The initiative has also piloted clean cooking and heating (ECCH) solutions. approaches to attract private sector investment ECCH serves to coordinate Bank-wide efforts in through results-based financing, such as in Indo- clean cooking and heating, facilitating cross- nesia and Uganda. sectoral collaborations among the Global Prac- tices, and collaborates with the Global Alliance In the Kyrgyz Republic, ESMAP, through the for Clean Cookstoves both globally and at the World Bank Europe and Central Asia regional unit country level.8 Reflecting on ESMAP’s commitment and the ECCH, supported a comprehensive heat- to transform the clean cooking sector, ECCH is ing sector assessment and two related follow-up analyses that explored in-depth the district heat- ing sector and the use of efficient and clean heat- 7 More detailed examples of the initiative’s work in these ing stoves at the household level. As part of these countries can be found in Chapters 9 (Gender), 10 (AFREA) and 11 (ASTAE). activities, a knowledge exchange was organized 8 For more information on the partnership between the with a Finnish district heating utility to share best World Bank and the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, please see: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/ practices for the sustainable operation of heating 2014/11/21/new-partnership-to-help-bring-clean-cooking-to- 100-million-households-by-2020 services. A pilot phase for efficient and clean 34 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM heating stoves for households without access to behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Eco- district heating was developed with the support nomic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). In of a multi-donor trust fund from the United King- addition to coordinating with the GIZ in stake- dom. The activities were further cofinanced by holder consultation and discussions with the Gov- the Central Asia Energy Water Development Pro- ernment of India through the Ministry of New gram, which is supported by Switzerland, the and Renewable Energy, GIZ and ESMAP provide United Kingdom, the European Commission, and support for the annual India Clean Cooking the United States. ESMAP support in the heating Forum. The 2016 forum is scheduled for Decem- sector helped to develop and inform a new invest- ber 6, 2016. ment lending operation aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of heat supply at the dis- The initiative is also preparing a proposal to lever- trict and household levels. age private sector investment through the Green Climate Fund through a four-year program to The Clean Cooking activities in India are coordi- expand clean cooking operations in three coun- nated with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internatio- tries. Additional countries may be added to the nale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, operating on program at a later stage. ACCESS TO ENERGY 35 ENERGY CHAPTER 4 EFFICIENT CITIES Approximately 3.5 billion people currently live in urban cen- ters and are expected to grow to 5 billion by 2030. Approxi- mately 90 percent of this increase will occur in developing countries, where poor urban communities are growing rap- idly. This urbanization has led to massive demand for energy to power economic activity, expand infrastructure, and deliver municipal services. Cities now consume about two-thirds of the world’s energy, and are responsible for 70 percent of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Given the long-term nature of urban infrastructure, cities can lock themselves into unsus- tainable and costly energy consumption patterns. Investing in energy efficiency can help expand and improve urban ser- vices, while contributing to cities’ efforts to be more compet- itive and address climate change. PRIORITIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL To date, energy efficiency diagnostics using ESMAP’s Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) have been con- ducted in nearly 70 cities around the world. The diagnostics have helped raise awareness and open constructive dialogues with local, as well as national, authorities on the potential and 37 ways to improve energy efficiency in cities. Some IN THREE YEARS, of these diagnostics have leveraged significant ESMAP HAS: investments in municipal energy efficiency. For example, ESMAP supported TRACE-enabled diag- ™ Supported 23 urban energy efficiency technical assistance programs for nostics in Mexico’s Leon and Puebla. The diag- national and local governments in more nostics were subsequently replicated by the than 50 cities in 28 countries Mexican government in another 30 municipalities ™ Built the foundation for urban energy effi- across the country. These assessments laid the ciency planning and investments through groundwork for the design of the Mexico Munici- city-level diagnostics using TRACE in pal Energy Efficiency Project, led by Mexico’s 70 cities Energy Ministry (SENER), supported by a $100 mil- ™ Informed the development of several lion World Bank loan approved in March 2016, investments, including a $100 million IBRD loan for municipal energy efficiency which will finance the implementation of munic- in Mexico, $14 million IDA financing for ipal energy efficiency investments in several Mex- urban energy efficiency in the Kyrgyz ican cities across the country. This forms the Republic, and a $300 million public- country’s first national program targeting munici- private partnership for street lighting in pal energy efficiency, as part of a strategy to steer Belo Horizonte, Brazil the country towards a sustainable and inclusive growth path. ESMAP also supported the develop- ment of the first pipeline of projects through informed by ESMAP-supported technical assis- detailed energy audits in six municipalities cover- tance. For example, in June 2016, the city of Belo ing three municipal sectors—street lighting, munic- Horizonte in Brazil began the replacement of its ipal buildings, and water and wastewater. 178,000 streetlights with energy efficient LEDs, identified as a priority by the TRACE-based city Likewise, in the Kyrgyz Republic, ESMAP supported energy diagnostics. The diagnostics, as well as energy efficiency assessments in four cities. These subsequent ESMAP supported pre-feasibility stud- informed municipal energy savings plans adopted ies, informed the establishment of a public- by the city councils in three cities and the develop- private partnership (PPP) to implement the street ment of a $14 million World Bank urban energy effi- light replacement project. The PPP (covering both ciency project. The project supports seismic and investments and maintenance) is worth $300 mil- energy efficient retrofitting of schools, street light- lion, which is $130 million less than the $430 mil- ing, water pumps, and waste collection equipment. lion that the city would have had to pay under Within the framework of the project, capacity for the business-as-usual scenario. Efficient public local construction companies was also strengthened lighting is now being expanded to 300 other cit- to perform energy efficiency retrofits. ies across Brazil. ESMAP support is also target- ing energy efficiency in buildings, such as 2,000 The private sector and other institutions are also schools in Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte funding urban energy efficiency investments where technical assistance is enabling pre- 38 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM feasibility studies that examine rooftop solar pan- which enabled support to another 20 programs els combined with energy efficiency measures in 20 countries.9 inside schools. ESMAP launched the City Energy Efficiency SUPPORT FOR MUNICIPAL Transformation Initiative (CEETI) in 2013—a $10 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLANNING, million program that helps cities identify, develop, POLICIES, AND CAPACITY and mobilize financing for transformational pro- BUILDING grams in urban energy efficiency. The program works across sectors to address urban issues in To help countries and cities implement their power, heat, transport, buildings, lighting, and energy efficiency agendas, ESMAP has provided water to better tackle the drivers of energy con- training and capacity building support to an array sumption. Broadly divided into three areas of sup- of clients in FY2016. port—technical assistance, capacity building, and knowledge creation and dissemination—the In Ukraine, ESMAP helped to build capacity ESMAP initiative works with teams from across among relevant stakeholders in Kiev, Ternopil, and regions and global practices of the World Bank Kamianets-Podilskyi to perform city-level energy who provide assistance to local and national diagnostics with TRACE. Public buildings were governments. identified as a priority and pre-feasibility studies and financial analyses were undertaken in these ESMAP’s CEETI is supporting technical assistance cities. As a follow-up, the Association of Energy in nearly 35 cities in 13 countries—Brazil, China, Efficient Cities of Ukraine organized testing of the Egypt, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kyrgyz Republic, forthcoming TRACE 2.0 in a fourth city, Zapor- Macedonia, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, Tur- izhia, and trained about 60 city representatives in key, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. These activities deploying the tool. Building on ESMAP’s techni- build on ESMAP’s extensive work in city energy cal assistance, the World Bank is helping the City diagnostics carried out using TRACE. ESMAP has of Ternopil to design a revolving energy efficiency also provided support for the development of fund and develop a business plan for the estab- case studies, detailed energy assessments, energy lishment of a local energy service company (ESCO). audits, pre-feasibility studies, training, roadmaps, and the design of financing and implementation ESMAP has assisted Macedonia in strengthening mechanisms that are instrumental to help under- the capacity of local governments to identify stand, address, and remove some of the barri- energy efficiency opportunities. Two action plans ers to scaling up energy efficiency in cities. In addition, ESMAP has provided support for 9 A few countries receive ESMAP support for more than one energy efficiency technical assistance activities urban energy efficiency technical assistance program (e.g., through dedicated grant funding windows tar- ESMAP supports both a water services and an urban transport program in Tanzania; similarly ESMAP supports a water ser- geting urban transport and water services vices technical assistance program, and a multi-sector urban energy efficiency program in Brazil); and some technical assis- (together totaling $2.4 million over FY2014–16), tance programs cover more than one country. ENERGY EFFICIENT CITIES 39 and five pre-feasibility studies addressed barriers raised awareness on innovative solutions such as and made actionable recommendations on imple- the use of energy service agreements, which mentation and financing options for buildings, enable municipalities to finance energy efficiency street lighting, and water services. Already, four without taking on debt and can be scaled up to pre-feasibility studies have been submitted to the other municipalities. Since this work began, ongoing Municipal Services Improvement Project energy efficiency funds and energy service agree- financed by the World Bank. The ESMAP work ments are being adopted in World Bank energy has also led to the development of a guidance efficiency lending operations in Macedonia, Arme- note, training material (in English, Macedonian, nia, and in Mexico, and are under consideration and Albanian), and case studies that were dis- in another 15 countries. seminated across 50 municipalities. In the South Asia region, ESMAP collaborated with ESMAP’s overall work on energy efficient cities has bilateral partners, including AFD, KfW, and USAID, contributed to shaping policies, building institu- to complete a series of country-specific studies on tional capacity, and helping leverage investments. demand-side energy efficiency for Bangladesh, Pak- istan, and India. These studies explore how ESMAP support enabled an assessment of Tur- demand-side management interventions can poten- key’s national energy efficiency policies and the tially help in managing electricity shortfall; evalu- development of recommendations to help the gov- ate the barriers with respect to institutional ernment meet its national targets. This work pro- capacity, policies, programs, financing, and mar- vided key input for the government’s 2014–18 kets at the state level; and aim to help understand Development Plan, which includes an Energy Effi- the attitudes of consumers, suppliers, and decision ciency Action Plan, calling for strengthening insti- makers about energy efficiency. The results of the tutions in line with the ESMAP-supported report’s studies will be presented in the fall of 2016 at an recommendations. In addition, the lead energy international conference in New Dehli organized efficiency agency in Turkey (General Directorate by the ADB, IEA, Copenhagen Centre on Energy for Renewable Energy) has also accepted the rec- Efficiency (C2E2), Energy Efficiency Services Lim- ommendation to strengthening their monitoring, ited (EESL), and supported by ESMAP. reporting, and evaluation processes, which was one of the most critical gaps identified in the ESMAP is assisting the government of Morocco report. to design a sustainable public lighting transfor- mation program using a PPP. The program will In the Europe and Central Asia region, a series contribute to increasing the energy efficiency of of activities focusing on financing approaches for Morocco’s public lighting systems through the energy efficiency brought to the governments’ effective implementation of a carefully chosen attention the benefits and feasibility of sustain- and integrated mix of project components. Spe- able energy efficiency financing through revolv- cifically, the program will focus on identifying ing energy efficiency funds, particularly for the and developing appropriate mechanisms for public sector. This ESMAP-supported work also addressing and removing market and institutional 40 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM barriers that are restricting the adoption and In Mexico, ESMAP, along with the World Bank implementation of energy efficient technologies Group, SENER, IEA, the Development Bank for and practices in the public sector, such as the lack Latin America (CAF), the International Partner- of awareness and incentives, insufficient imple- ship for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC), mentation capacity, and limited access to financ- and the British Embassy in Mexico, supported the ing. This activity is part of a broader International Conference on Energy Efficiency in ESMAP-supported program—the Morocco City Cities, hosted by Mexico’s Energy Ministry Energy Efficiency Technical Assistance project— (SENER) in Puebla in February 2016. The confer- that also includes an energy efficiency diagnos- ence aimed to promote dialogue on practical tic of Marrakech and support to upgrade the city’s financing mechanisms, transformational policies, public lighting system to LED. and national programs, as well as share experi- ences from Mexico and around the globe to help local and national governments in promoting SHARING OF GLOBAL smart, efficient, and sustainable cities. Over 200 EXPERIENCES participants from different parts of Mexico and a dozen countries joined the conference. In Brazil, ESMAP support to Sao Paulo, Belo Hor- izonte and Rio de Janeiro in modernizing their An International Workshop on Energy Efficient public street lighting was complemented by Lighting: Urban Experiences and Implementa- knowledge exchange and collaboration with tion Practices was organized by the Energy Effi- industry experts such as General Electric, Philips, ciency Services Limited (EESL) of India and the and Siemens. Several conferences were held to World Bank in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, disseminate lessons of the project. Outreach India, in April 2016 with support from ESMAP, in efforts have successfully communicated to munic- collaboration with Vijayawada Municipal Corpo- ipalities the value and opportunity to integrate ration (VMC), the Government of Andhra Pradesh, innovative telecommunication technologies to and the India Bureau of Energy Efficiency. The operate public street lighting networks more effi- objective of the workshop was to showcase India’s ciently using new LED technology. national LED lighting program, share experiences, and learn from other countries and stakeholders To share experience and insights on efficient street about how various implementing models and lighting more broadly, ESMAP produced and dis- innovative financing mechanisms could be repli- seminated Proven Delivery Models for LED Pub- cated on a larger scale in India and other devel- lic Lighting: Synthesis of Six Case Studies, which oping countries. The workshop, attended by over summarizes the cross-cutting findings from real- 150 participants from the public and private sec- life experiences, challenges, and solutions encoun- tors in India, along with 20 international partici- tered in implementing different LED- pants from China, Korea, Singapore, the United delivery models, the roles played by government, States, Brazil, Bangladesh, the United Kingdom, and ways for cities to mitigate technical, finan- IFC, IEA, ADB, KfW, and AFD, shared their expe- cial, and performance issues. riences that helped inform the India program ENERGY EFFICIENT CITIES 41 which has currently replaced 175 million house- The Energy Efficiency Project Resource Center hold incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs and aims has been developed, in cooperation with Energy- to replace about 770 million all over India by 2019. pedia, to provide practitioners from around the world with project documents not widely avail- ESMAP supports the Global Knowledge Platform able or easily accessible (e.g., technical specifi- of the IFC’s EDGE Green Building Market Trans- cations, terms of reference, etc.). To date, it has formation Program. This includes certification nearly 130 documents and has had more than and governance protocols, the EDGE software 6,300 hits since it went online. In addition, a self- design tool, training materials, and a global IT paced-learning program on Energy Efficiency in platform, which form the backbone of the EDGE Cities has been developed by ESMAP in collabo- Program. To date, the EDGE Program has certi- ration with the World Bank Climate Change fied over 880,000 m2 of floor space in developing Group and the Online Learning Center, as well countries, yielding approximately 43 million kWh as financial support from the Korea Green in energy savings; 800,000 m3 in water savings, Growth Trust Fund. Targeting city leaders and and 7 million MJ in material savings annually.10 policymakers, the course consists of a series of ESMAP also supported EDGE in the rollout of a modules covering diverse topics (e.g., energy effi- voluntary Green Building Certification System in ciency and public lighting, energy efficiency and South Africa. water, wastewater, etc.) available on a single plat- form to facilitate user access. 10 See https://www.edgebuildings.com/ for up-to-date totals. 42 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ENERGY EFFICIENT CITIES 43 ACCELERATING CHAPTER 5 INVESTMENT IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY G eothermal energy can offer low-carbon baseload power that many countries could potentially tap into as a clean and reliable option to expand access to electricity, grow their economies, and mitigate the effects of climate change. But compared to other renewables, geothermal development has been lagging behind. Geothermal production today stands at only seven percent of global energy output. Out of the 90 countries with geothermal potential, only 27 use it to produce electricity according to the International Geothermal Association. The main reason is that a site’s geothermal energy potential is not known until a fairly large investment is committed upfront for exploration, which may reveal inadequate resources to produce power. Most private investors and devel- opers are not willing to take the risk. In 2013, ESMAP launched the Global Geothermal Develop- ment Plan (GGDP), with the objective of accelerating the pace of investments in geothermal energy production in devel- oping countries. By mobilizing multilateral and bilateral devel- opment financing to share the risks of investments in 45 early-stage drilling carried out to explore and con- IN THREE YEARS, firm geothermal resources, the GGDP focuses on ESMAP HAS: correcting a market failure. ™ Mobilized $235 million through the Clean Technology Fund, which is expected to Since its launch, the ESMAP initiative has played leverage at least $1.5 billion in public and a crucial fundraising role. It has mobilized private capital $235 million through the Clean Technology Fund ™ Helped triple the share of multilateral (CTF), which is expected to leverage at least financing for early development stages $1.5 billion in public and private capital. ESMAP from 6% of the total in 2012 to 17% of also allocated $7.5 million for technical assistance their geothermal investments in 2015 to identify and structure investments focused on ™ Provided technical assistance to 13 coun- geothermal exploration. As a result of ESMAP’s tries to identify and prepare projects; 3 of these projects are now being imple- active role in raising awareness on the importance mented with support from the World of focusing scarce concessional funding into risk- Bank ier investment, the initiative helped to triple the share of geothermal energy financing allocated to exploration by multilateral development banks— To date, ESMAP has provided technical assistance including the World Bank Group, Inter-American to 13 countries to identify and prepare projects. Development Bank (IABD), Asian Development Three of these projects are now being imple- Bank (ABD), African Development Bank (AfDB), mented with support from the World Bank: European Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- ment (EBRD)—from 6 percent in 2012 to about In Armenia, a $8.55 million grant from SREP is 17 percent of their geothermal investments in helping to confirm resource suitability for power 2015. generation in Sjunik region’s Karkar site. If explo- ration leads to the development of a power plant, Before the GGDP, over 80 percent of World Bank it could help Armenia meet electricity demand and financing for geothermal projects—or around improve its energy security. Low-cost electricity from $ 1.5 billion in three decades—was committed to the plant would keep it affordable for the poor. In low risk investments, such as above the ground Djibouti, $6 million from Global Environment Facil- steam gathering systems, power plants, and ancil- ity (GEF) and $1.1 million from ESMAP (with cofi- lary infrastructure such as transmission lines. The nancing from IDA, AFD, AfDB, and the OPEC Fund ESMAP initiative has managed to shift this trend: for International Development) for the Geothermal for the past two years, new projects almost exclu- Power Generation Project is helping to assess the sively focus on (i) financing actual exploration commercial viability of the resource in Fiale Caldera and confirmation drilling; and (ii) on establish- within the Lake Assal region. The project has the ing risk mitigation mechanisms to effectively potential to reduce energy costs and boost private deploy scarce concessional financing and maxi- sector development and access to electricity for the mize the potential to leverage private capital. 46 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM entire population. In St. Lucia, a $3.5 million grant event, representatives from Armenia, Turkey, Dji- from GEF and SIDS DOCK is helping upstream geo- bouti, Chile, Indonesia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Mexico, thermal development preparation, including trans- El Salvador, Nicaragua, St. Lucia, Dominica, and action and regulatory support. Turkey—some of which have received CIF financ- ing to cost-share the riskiest phases of geother- The World Bank is also supporting the prepara- mal development—presented the development tion of critical strategies to develop the sector in models and financing options currently in use for some key geothermal countries. For instance, in scaling up geothermal development. Kenya, ESMAP and IFC are financing the prepa- ration of a National Geothermal Strategy to mobi- Continuing to lead the knowledge frontier on global lize public and private investment to increase the geothermal development, ESMAP has released two pace of geothermal development. The World Bank key reports. The first report, Comparative Analy- is also cofinancing local infrastructure for the sis of Approaches to Geothermal Resource Risk development of the Olkaria I & IV geothermal Mitigation: A Global Survey, seeks to inform coun- fields—one of the largest single geothermal invest- tries in evaluating the pros and cons of various risk ment projects in the world. Geothermal capacity mitigation approaches in order to select the most now constitutes 26 percent of the total installed optimal arrangement given a country’s existing insti- generation capacity, expanding renewable energy tutional capacity, depth of the financial market, and penetration to 63 percent of the installed capac- appetite of investors and developers, as well as his- ity. This has allowed geothermal to become the tory and current status of geothermal development. largest generation source in Kenya with 44 per- The second report, Addressing Greenhouse Gases cent of the total electricity produced in 2015. In from Geothermal Power Production, examines the Chile, ESMAP is cofinancing a $5 million CTF current state of knowledge on greenhouse gases technical assistance project to improve the policy emissions from geothermal power plants and pro- framework and strengthen management capabil- vides guidance to estimate, ex-ante, potential emis- ities for mobilizing investment in geothermal and sions from geothermal projects. to enhance market conditions for promoting sus- tainable development of the sector. In collaboration with partners, ESMAP has also supported the preparation of a globally applica- These investments generated a repository of ble, harmonized standard to streamline measure- knowledge on sustainable geothermal develop- ment of geothermal resources across fields—the ment. Country experiences shared during the 3rd Definition of Global Standards for Geothermal GGDP Roundtable organized by ESMAP in Reyk- Resource Classification. The standard, which will javik, Iceland, pointed to the need for long-term be a crucial step in building confidence among commitment from all stakeholders and for pub- policymakers, investors, and the public to posi- lic investment to absorb part of the resource risk tion and scale up geothermal in the global energy and thus encourage the private sector to step in. mix, is expected to be adopted by the United The roundtable was attended by more than Nations Framework for Fossil Energy and Mineral 150 representatives from 30 countries. During the Reserves and Resources (UNFC) in the fall of 2016. ACCELERATING INVESTMENT IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 47 RENEWABLE CHAPTER 6 ENERGY RESOURCE MAPPING D emand for ESMAP support to help countries understand their renewable energy potential grew noticeably in FY2016, largely as a result of the surge of interest in solar power due to sustained cost reductions. ESMAP’s global initiative on Renewable Energy Resource Mapping, launched in FY2013, continued to support the implementation of projects in 11 countries, and has provided technical advice to many others to develop or increase power generation from domestic renewable energy resources, such as biomass, small hydropower, solar, and wind. It has been providing those countries with the data needed to understand their renewable energy potential as they plan to incorporate renewables in their energy mix. Resource assessment com- bines multiple sources of information, including satellite data, ground-based surveys, and meteorological measurements, to produce high-quality maps and accompanying datasets that can be used for strategic planning, grid integration activities, and site evaluations by commercial developers. As an open data initiative, all key outputs and datasets are made pub- licly available. 49 All of the 11 country projects have now delivered IN THREE YEARS, preliminary Phase 1 outputs, which in most cases ESMAP HAS: comprise a first assessment of resource potential based on modeled or remote sensing data. Dur- ™ Helped eight countries to obtain an ini- ing FY2016, several projects, including those in tial assessment of their wind power resource and five countries for solar, Madagascar, Maldives, Pakistan, Tanzania and resulting in improved data for govern- Zambia, started Phase 2, involving ground-based ment planning and private sector data collection from field surveys (biomass), development* stream gauges (small hydropower), meteorolog- ™ Completed the first biomass mapping ical stations (solar), and 80m masts (wind). In activity in Pakistan, involving an exten- the case of Pakistan, the biomass mapping was sive cross-referencing of satellite and completed in FY2016 and a final biomass atlas field survey data published. The work involved extensive field sur- ™ Set a new standard for conducting and publishing resource assessment studies, veys across the main agricultural production including detailed equipment and data areas, carried out by seven universities, with the specifications that have been adopted by data then cross-referenced against satellite data. other development partners, and has become one of the lead data providers Some of the preliminary outputs and data pub- behind the IRENA Global Atlas on Renew- lished under this initiative have already led to dis- able Energy cussions with World Bank task teams and other * Wind Mapping (8): Ethiopia, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, development partners on how to capitalize on the Papua New Guinea, Tanzania, Vietnam, Zambia Solar Mapping (5): Malawi, Maldives, Pakistan, Tanzania, ESMAP-funded efforts. For example, in Nepal the Zambia government has requested World Bank support to explore potential sites for wind farms, and now wishes to add solar mapping to the project. In Pakistan, data on solar is being eagerly used by publication targets governments and development developers, where it is helping to build confidence partners, and explains the importance of resource in the validity of their bids, as tariffs for solar and assessment and mapping, key steps and good wind decrease. In Vietnam, ESMAP has closely practices, methodological issues, and potential cooperated with GIZ to host the data on wind sources for further advice and support. measurement component that they financed. This data will be used to validate the final wind map. LOOKING FORWARD Drawing on the experience generated from these and other country projects, and the expertise built The need for a new approach to help meet up centrally, ESMAP published a Knowledge increased demand became clear during prepara- Series report during FY2016 titled Assessing and tions for the FY2017–20 ESMAP Business Plan. Mapping Renewable Energy Resources. This short There is clearly a need to provide all countries, 50 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM not just a select few, with good-quality, updated comprehensive service to all World Bank client solar and wind resource maps and associated countries, plus on-demand data to World Bank data, while still enabling some countries to move and IFC teams. Biomass and small hydropower on to more detailed analysis where funding mapping will continue on a country-by-country allows. In addition, there is increased demand for basis where funding permits, but attempts will resource data in support of specific client invest- be made to streamline these efforts. ments and lending operations, especially with regard to solar measurements. ESMAP will also give greater attention to integrat- ing resource assessment and data collection into The priority for FY2017 will be to operationalize World Bank operations, for example the Scaling a new business model for solar and wind map- Solar initiative, and large World Bank lending proj- ping that leverages the specialized data services ects focusing on solar and wind energy that are now available to provide a more development. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE MAPPING 51 INTEGRATING CHAPTER 7 VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY INTO POWER SYSTEMS C ost reductions for wind and solar electricity gen- eration technologies offer an opportunity for coun- tries to develop a cleaner, more diversified, and more secure energy mix. However, integrating a sizeable share of variable renewable energy (VRE) to the grid to meet electricity demand raises concerns about the poten- tial adverse impacts on the grid and so limits investment in renewable energy generation. Early analysis, planning, and preparation can significantly reduce the costs of integration, but this is still a relatively new and complex area for many countries. Conventional electricity utilities need assistance to upgrade their capacity and business practices. The need for technical assistance in VRE grid integration is greatest in countries with limited capacity to tackle technical and regu- latory challenges. 53 To respond to this need, ESMAP launched the Vari- IN THREE YEARS, able Renewable Energy Grid Integration Sup- ESMAP HAS: port Program in FY2015 to assist countries in achieving cost-efficient scale-up and reducing the ™ Completed technical studies in the Phil- ippines and Seychelles, which informed adverse economic and operational impacts that power sector planning strategies and key accompany the integration of large shares of VRE policy decisions to enable the scale-up into existing power systems. of renewables ™ Leveraged resources through partner- The program leveraged resources through part- ships with the Global Sustainable Elec- nerships with the Global Sustainable Electricity tricity Partnership, the Clean Energy Partnership, the Clean Energy Ministerial, National Ministerial, US National Renewable Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and with Energy Laboratory, and with support from the Korean Green Growth Trust support from the Korean Green Growth Trust Fund to provide additional assistance to Fund. Over the past year, ESMAP has supported clients VRE integration-related engagements in 22 coun- ™ Provided technical assistance to 22 coun- tries and two regional projects. tries, including technical studies, capac- ity building, and knowledge exchange In the Philippines, ESMAP supported the revi- events sion of the distribution grid code to facilitate con- nection of VRE at distribution voltages, which was approved by the Energy Regulatory Commis- sector. Jointly organized with the World Bank Latin sion. This work builds on previous ESMAP tech- America & Caribbean energy team, the Mexican nical assistance to amend the transmission grid Energy Secretariat (SENER), and the Mexican Fed- code that was approved in 2013. eral Electricity Commission (CFE), the event was attended by experts from Germany, Japan, the In Seychelles, ESMAP financed a grid expansion United States, Spain, and Chile, who shared their planning study to evaluate the potential role of insights on pumped storage technologies and appli- liquefied natural gas and VRE, including a road- cations, as well as the regulatory, legal, and eco- map for future investment. The study is expected nomic conditions that have made the expansion to inform government decisions on potential of pumped storage possible in their countries. Fol- changes in the energy mix. lowing the event, ESMAP is supporting an analy- sis of the financial feasibility of pumped storage in ESMAP also supported several knowledge exchange the Mexican context. events globally. In July 2015, at the request of the Government of Mexico, ESMAP conducted a work- ESMAP also focused on building institutional shop focused on the main drivers and barriers for capacity in response to requests from the World the implementation and the potential role of Bank’s Europe and Central Asia region. Working pumped storage for the integration of variable directly with the utilities TEIAS and Uzbekenergo renewables as Mexico continues to reform its power in Turkey and Uzbekistan, respectively, the 54 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ESMAP team conducted training sessions on grid organized a study tour to Hawaii. The study tour planning for VRE grid integration as part of a provided the opportunity for over 20 policymakers broader training on planning for the electricity and technical experts from 9 different small island sector led by the World Bank. In Kazakhstan, developing states and 1 regional organization— ESMAP collaborated with IFC on a workshop on CARICOM—to learn about Hawaii’s experience in grid integration and market analysis. supporting, deploying, and integrating multiple renewable energy and storage technologies into In June 2016, ESMAP partnered with the Clean local grids. Through visits to several sites and insti- Energy Ministerial and the NREL to provide train- tutions on Oahu and Hawaii, known as the Big ing for World Bank staff on the latest issues and Island, the participants learned about the neces- technology changes regarding the distribution sary enabling regulatory and policy framework for grid—from policy trends to technical issues, successful integration, as well as technologies suit- including distribution grid electrical issues com- able for island environments such as waste-to- mon in developing countries, future trends in solar energy, geothermal, and ocean thermal energy PV for distributed systems, and future trends in conversion, among others. The tour helped to scope demand response and smart-grids for developing future grid integration activities in the Pacific countries. financed by the ESMAP SIDS DOCK program and provided excellent networking opportunities, espe- The partnership also allowed the secondment of cially for Mauritius, as it prepares for the African a Renewable Energy expert from NREL. In his Ministerial Conference on Ocean Economy and Cli- temporary assignment to ESMAP, the expert par- mate Change to be held in September 2016. ticipated in and helped design World Bank lend- ing operations in India and Vietnam, as well as The number of countries requesting ESMAP sup- contributed to an initiative to rethink the World port in this area is growing. Currently, ESMAP is Bank’s strategy for power sector reform engage- directly engaged and financing activities in Bra- ment in client countries in conjunction with the zil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, World Bank’s Energy Economics, Markets, and India, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Cabo Verde, Kenya, Institutions Global Solutions Group. West African Power Pool countries, and Vietnam, as well as in the Pacific Islands. ESMAP is also In May 2016, culminating a year of learning and providing technical support to World Bank lend- sharing, ESMAP, in collaboration with the World ing projects in Morocco, Armenia, Haiti, Peru, Bank’s Clean Energy Global Solutions Group, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Ukraine, and China. INTEGRATING VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY INTO POWER SYSTEMS 55 SUSTAINABLE CHAPTER 8 ENERGY FOR ALL KNOWLEDGE HUB I mplementation of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative requires the development of key global pub- lic good knowledge products to drive policy develop- ment, improve prioritization, and assess progress. The ESMAP SE4All Knowledge Hub leverages ESMAP’s com- parative advantage in working across the three SE4All areas, while building on the World Bank’s convening power and analytical capacity. The Hub includes four activities supported by ESMAP and implemented in collaboration with the SE4All initiative: the Global Tracking Framework; the Multi-tier Framework for Measuring Energy Access; Readiness for Invest- ment in Sustainable Energy; and the global State of the Energy Access Report. The World Bank, ESMAP, and IEA led a consortium of 23 international agencies, including development partners, nongovernmental organizations, and multilateral institutions, to develop the methodology and deliver the Global Tracking Framework (GTF) in 2013 and 2015. In FY2016, a nexus chap- ter was added to the 2015 update to understand the interac- tions between energy and nexus areas of water, food, health, and gender. Five UN Regional Economic Commissions are 57 joining the GTF Consortium for the 2017 update, IN THREE YEARS, to build closer links to the regions and countries. ESMAP HAS: The GTF data platform is now publicly available and there have been more than 2,300 abstract ™ Implemented three series of flagship views on the website. The GTF was the tracking publications that provide critical data to inform sustainable energy goals and pol- methodology used to inform the Sustainable icies: the Global Tracking Framework Development Goal 7 (SDG7) on “access to reli- (2013, 2015); Readiness for Investment able and affordable energy services.” in Sustainable Energy (2014); and Beyond Connections (2015) The Measuring Energy Access (MTF) comple- ™ Provided technical advisory input to the ments the Global Tracking Framework in track- UN Interagency Expert Group on the ing progress toward SE4All and SDG7 access design of SDG7 and its associated indi- goals. By providing more accurate, granular, and cators, and reconfigured the 2017 GTF to better fit the annual global reporting disaggregated data on the actual services house- needs for the Sustainable Development holds receive, the MTF is gearing up to become Goals a powerful tool for informing policy and invest- ™ Leveraged $1.5 million from SREP to ment decisions. The MTF goes beyond the binary conduct baseline MTF surveys in 11 coun- approach to look at access in terms of service lev- tries and completed the collection, vali- els experienced by households, businesses, and dation, and analysis of sustainable energy communities. It aims to determine the ‘usability’ policies with RISE in 111 countries of the service and classifies energy services into tiers, adopting a technology-neutral methodology. This approach helps to track progress, enables Open-Source Country Energy Databases will be detailed analysis of energy usage, considers country- globally accessible via the web. The World Bank specific access targets, and helps design targeted and ESMAP are working with several partners to interventions by identifying the reasons that may promote broader adoption of the MTF as the key hinder countries from achieving higher access lev- monitoring platform for tracking progress from els. In its first phase, with co-funding mobilized the baseline toward SE4All and SDG7. by SREP, the global MTF energy survey will estab- lish country-level data collection in 10 to 15 high To help decision makers understand and evalu- access deficit countries by the end of 2017; in ate national policy and regulatory frameworks for its second phase, the MTF will include an addi- private investment in renewable electricity gen- tional 10 to 15 countries set for implementation eration, energy efficiency, and access to modern between 2017 and 2020. The MTF will present energy services, ESMAP is supporting the global Country Energy Access Diagnostic Reports con- roll out of Readiness for Investment in Sustain- taining a multitier detailed analysis of key indi- able Energy (RISE). With 27 detailed indicators cators of energy access services, by country. After for 111 countries—representing 96 percent of the the implementation of the global survey, the global population—RISE aims to identify gaps in 58 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM national policy frameworks and catalyze effective State of Energy Access Report (SEAR) will reforms by benchmarking country performance complement the other aspects of the SE4All and providing examples of good practices. Each Knowledge Hub work by serving as a stocktak- indicator targets an element of the policy or reg- ing of the status and nature of progress on ulatory system important to mobilizing invest- access to energy services. SEAR, which is due ment. The combination of carefully designed to be released in FY2017, will present a com- indicators and a wealth of country-specific data prehensive picture of the global efforts to can serve as the basis for sharing experiences address energy access challenges, including sta- across countries and highlighting best practices. tus and trends, enabling environment, clean It is expected that RISE will contribute to policy energy, and emerging and innovative delivery dialogue by providing a global reference point on models of modern services. In this respect, measures to strengthen the enabling environment SEAR will present a narrative beyond quantita- to support investments and to inform country tive metrics to offer more comprehensive infor- interventions. RISE is also a valuable source of mation to stakeholders such as governments, information to private investors and developers. investors, donors, and practitioners. In FY2017, RISE data will be available through a user-friendly, open-web platform that will allow global audiences to run reports and conduct cus- tomized country analysis. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL KNOWLEDGE HUB 59 EMPOWERING CHAPTER 9 WOMEN TO ENERGIZE COMMUNITIES E SMAP has played an important role in ensuring that gender issues in energy move beyond advocacy to produce concrete results in project design and impact. Through the Gender and Social Inclusion initiative, ESMAP has not only established a foundation of knowledge that shows how gender-informed projects can improve development outcomes, but also spearheaded inno- vative approaches to mainstream gender considerations in those projects. IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE In close collaboration with the World Bank’s Social Inclusion team, ESMAP has supported research aimed to understand gender-specific impacts of electricity infrastructure in areas such as displacement, resettlement, loss of livelihood, job creation, and land titles, among others. Research was com- pleted in 2016 and initial findings were presented at an event with USAID and the Millennium Challenge Corporation, as well as webinars with the International Union for 61 Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The final report IN THREE YEARS, will be disseminated in FY2017. ESMAP HAS: In December 2015, ESMAP, in partnership with ™ Strengthened the foundation of knowl- the World Bank Gender group and the Online edge on gender and energy through the development and delivery of a Gender Learning Campus, delivered for the second time and Energy online learning course the Gender and Energy e-course to a group of ™ Delivered in-country support through 150 practitioners from over 50 countries, repre- regional gender and energy programs in senting client governments, private sector, civil Africa and East Asia & Pacific regions in society, academia, and multilateral and bilateral over 20 World Bank projects, resulting in agencies. The e-course was converted to a self- improved gender analysis, piloted inter- paced module for easier access and use, and its ventions, trainings, and increased par- materials will continue to be used in training ticipation of women during project design and implementation events. Based on the practical work carried out so far, and ESMAP’s continued efforts on knowledge gen- der analysis, actions, and monitoring and evalu- eration and sharing, ESMAP has helped curate a ation (M&E) within the design. strong set of best practices and roster of gender experts that have been called upon repeatedly to Gender and Energy in Africa provide expertise. To assist World Bank teams to Since 2009, ESMAP has supported a gender and integrate gender considerations in investment energy program in Africa through AFREA to inte- operations, ESMAP and the World Bank Energy grate gender considerations in projects and pol- Global Practice collaborated to produce a guid- icy dialogue across the region. A summary of ance sourcebook highlighting examples of gen- project highlights are below. der assessments, actions, and monitoring and evaluation efforts during project design. ESMAP In Senegal, support from AFREA to integrate gen- will continue to promote the lessons learned and der specific activities and indicators during proj- tools developed to help project teams get started ect design resulted in significant increase of and provide timely technical support during women’s income and status in the community, design and implementation. as part of the Second Sustainable and Participa- tory Energy Management Project (PROGEDE II). About 3,270 women became charcoal producers SUPPORT TO COUNTRY PROJECTS while the share of community income going to women has risen from 12 percent in 2013 to Through its gender and energy regional programs 18.62 percent in 2016. The project also found that in Africa and East Asia and Pacific regions, ESMAP 40 percent of women were able to secure decision- is currently engaged in over 20 countries. This making positions in local forest management com- support resulted in several projects, including gen- mittees. In addition, more than 600,000 clean 62 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM cookstoves were distributed benefiting households. As an outcome, the project is now 610,160 people, mostly women. Next steps for the focusing on addressing the gender inequality in project will focus on gender training for local for- access. To ensure that the poor, women-headed est management groups, mayors, and others; an households obtain access to electricity during assessment of the socioeconomic impact of gen- implementation, a needs-based methodology for der activities; and the design of a communica- administering the connection subsidy is being tions strategy. Based on the lessons learned, the developed, consultative meetings to explain elec- team provided support across the entire energy trification procedures and safety practices are program in Senegal. being designed, and sex-disaggregated data will be collected. ESMAP is providing support to the Rural and Renewable Energy Agency in Liberia to identify In Ethiopia, a gender assessment is being opportunities for men and women in the devel- launched, covering the country’s energy portfo- opment of the mini-grid in Lofa County. lio to help develop a baseline for understanding Approaches being piloted include diverse repre- key gender issues and data points that could be sentation on the electrification committees, inte- addressed in existing and pipeline projects. Focus grating women’s productive uses of energy, is placed on stakeholder consultations, decision- connections to key social services, and the making abilities amongst women and men, con- simplification of connection procedures. In addi- sumer education on solar and cooking tion, under the Lighting Lives Liberia program, technologies, helping women access financing to gender-informed national consumer assessments purchase energy products, and the collection of are tracking gender-disaggregated data trends, and sex-disaggregated information. Under the Addi- a retailer and consumer impact case study is being tional Financing Electricity Network Reinforce- developed to look at various gender dimensions. ment and Expansion Project, gender-specific A gender specialist has also been hired to man- targets have been set to increase equity and bal- age the on-the-ground activities and strengthen ance in the number of loans to female applicants the capacity of the Rural and Renewable Energy through micro-finance institutions. Agency. In Nigeria, support is being provided on the In the development of the Rural Electrification ongoing World Bank Poverty and Social Impact Expansion Project in Tanzania, a gender analy- Analysis to assess the distributional and social sis was completed during project preparation impacts of policy reforms and inform the coun- using national survey data to establish the rates try’s energy portfolio. In addition, ESMAP is plac- of access to electricity of male- and female-headed ing specific focus on the design of gender-sensitive, households and corresponding poverty rates. off-grid lighting approaches under the Electricity Results revealed that a lower percent of female- Sector Credit Facility Project. Issues being explored headed households are connected to the grid in include household decision-making dynamics, urban areas and are poorer than male-headed access to information, and preferences about EMPOWERING WOMEN TO ENERGIZE COMMUNITIES 63 technology options, as well as income-generating monitor female- and male-headed households and opportunities through jobs for both men and business connections, and guide strategic inter- women. ventions to support equal access to and use of energy among them. In the Comoros Islands, ESMAP is helping the state-owned electricity and water utility to address To complement this country work above, over the energy efficiency issues and commercial losses, past year, ESMAP’s Africa gender initiative has and to strengthen customer trust in the utility. strengthened its efforts on data collection, analysis, Using community engagement methods, the and M&E. A Lead Gender and Energy M&E Special- approach urges citizens to take an active part in ist has joined the team to focus on operational sup- the solution by highlighting customer responsi- port, capacity building and knowledge development bility in combating electricity theft. The team is in M&E frameworks, indicator development and trying to build a shared vision where electricity impact studies. Technical input has been provided is recognized as a national and common good, for project preparation to help identify gender-spe- and local women are trained in how to guide cific indicators and to improve data collection and energy consumers in tangible actions to increase monitoring systems. The team is developing an M&E bill payment and stop electricity theft. The utili- Toolkit focused on practical guidance on gender and ty’s female employees are also working with front- energy forthcoming for FY2017. line customer-facing employees to encourage them to stop illicit behaviors—such as selling elec- Gender and Energy in East Asia tricity in the informal market, stealing clients’ and the Pacific meters, and threatening clients. In the World Bank’s East Asia and the Pacific region, the Gender and Energy Facility was In São Tomé and Príncipe, ESMAP is helping launched in FY2015 with funding from ASTAE develop a gender-sensitive communications and and ESMAP. The facility is managed by the World citizen engagement campaign to address nontech- Bank’s regional gender team and implemented nical losses, such as nonpayment of bills, elec- by the regional social and energy teams. It focuses tricity theft, and meter tampering. Funding is also on three key areas: identifying gender entry points being used to train the female employees as “util- in ongoing and future energy projects in the ity ambassadors” to provide more client-oriented region; designing gender-smart solutions and proj- services and improve customer relations. A social ect mechanisms; and updating monitoring sys- compact is also being piloted, whereby women’s tems. To date, eight projects have benefited from groups raise awareness among customers about technical and operational support from Gender their role in supporting the improvement of energy and M&E experts. services to reduce electricity theft and promote bill payments. ESMAP is also supporting the util- In Vietnam, ESMAP and ASTAE helped the Trung ity in collecting sex-disaggregated data through Son Hydropower Company to reach more women its new management information system to by using appropriate channels, and increasing 64 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM their awareness of compensation and livelihood In the Solomon Islands’ Tina River Hydropower programs. More specifically, technical assistance Project, ESMAP and ASTAE collaborated closely enabled the company to update the design, imple- with project managers to develop a comprehen- mentation, and monitoring mechanisms for wom- sive gender action plan that addresses specific en’s livelihood programs, helped ensure that gender-based challenges regarding decision mak- ethnic minority and resettlement programs ben- ing over land, compensation, grievances, and ben- efit both genders equally, and that monitoring efit sharing. The action plan, which also includes mechanisms capture gender-disaggregated prog- a strong monitoring framework, was developed ress and results. Moreover, it strengthened the in time to inform project design. capacity and cooperation among local Women’s Union groups. A communications campaign As part of ESMAP’s clean cooking initiative, sup- helped ethnic minority women understand how port was provided to the Indonesian Clean Stove to deal with potential impacts and benefit from Initiative (CSI) to conduct in-depth research to the services provided by the Trung Son project. understand the social and gender drivers of clean stove adoption in households. The findings led ESMAP and ASTAE were instrumental in provid- to the development of innovative tools to test ing input to the Philippines’ Renewable Energy stoves and training of local nongovernmental Development Project to help understand, from a organizations. The recommendations have been gender perspective, the market and demograph- translated into practical social marketing actions ics served by national electricity cooperatives. The to address national capacity building, community energy needs, use, and priorities of male and outreach, and monitoring, as well as fostering the female customers are being mapped to better tar- participation of women in the clean stove market get service delivery. This approach is now being value chain. adopted by four pilot energy cooperatives. EMPOWERING WOMEN TO ENERGIZE COMMUNITIES 65 FOCUS ON CHAPTER 10 AFRICA I n Sub-Saharan Africa, more than 600 million people do not have access to electricity, making it the region with the highest electrification deficit. Nearly 80 percent of those without power are in rural areas. In addition, over 700 million people rely on solid biomass such as wood or charcoal for cooking, usually with inefficient stoves. Such practices contribute to indoor air pollution in households, which leads to 600,000 premature deaths each year, dispro- portionally affecting women and children. The Africa Renewable Energy and Access Program (AFREA) was established in 2008 to provide targeted regional support to help Africa scale up energy access and the use of clean energy. Its first phase, which closed successfully in 2014, was followed by a second phase designed around country- specific activities, regional initiatives, and regional strategic studies. Underlying these focal areas are the two cross-cutting themes of enhancing impact through gender and productive uses, and supporting post-conflict and fragile states. 67 Between FY2014–16, AFREA supported 22 activ- IN THREE YEARS, ities, including regional initiatives, country- ESMAP HAS: specific activities, and regional strategic studies. ™ HjeedgiZY''6;G:6VXi^k^i^Zh^c&)Xdjc- ig^Zh [dg V idiVa VaadXVi^dc d[ &+ b^aa^dc ™ >c[ajZcXZYegZeVgVi^dcVcY^beaZbZc- REGIONAL INITIATIVES iVi^dc d[ . >96$>7G9 deZgVi^dch! [dg bdgZ i]Vc-%%b^aa^dc To help the continent tackle energy issues of shared ™ A^\]i^c\ 6[g^XV ]Vh [VX^a^iViZY i]Z hVaZ d[ concern, ESMAP, through AFREA, provides tai- dkZg.b^aa^dcfjVa^in"XZgi^[^ZYegdYjXih! lored support by leveraging regional experience gZhjai^c\ ^c dkZg &* b^aa^dc eZdeaZ l^i] and knowledge. Regional activities include Light- I^Zg&VXXZhheZgi]ZH:)6aaBjai^"I^Zg ing Africa, the Africa Electrification Initiative, ;gVbZldg` Accelerating On-grid Access Team, and the Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions. Lighting Africa. A flagship initiative launched by In Ethiopia, Lighting Africa supported the prepa- the World Bank and the IFC in 2007, it supports ration and supervision of a $20 million off-grid the delivery of modern energy services through component in the Electricity Network Reinforce- off-grid solar solutions. Since its inception, the ment and Expansion Project, which helped sell initiative has had significant success: it is now over 800,000 Lighting Africa quality-verified operating in 12 countries and helped investments products. The initiative also supported the initia- in off-grid lighting to rise by $276 million from tion and scale-up of the Lighting Lives in Liberia 2012 to 2015. Lighting Africa has become the Program to foster the development of a national global benchmark for quality in the pico-PV market for solar lanterns and has leveraged seed market. In some country programs, Lighting Africa funding from SREP and GEF to stimulate the devel- has collaborated with development partners such opment of a national market for solar systems. To as EnDev and GIZ to deliver technical training to date, about 20,000 products have been sold, dem- retail importers. Over 9 million quality lighting onstrating the demand for solar products. In products were certified and sold through the ini- Uganda, Lighting Africa supported the Energy for tiative, benefiting over 15 million Africans. Rural Transformation III project, which will pro- vide a credit line and guarantee instruments to The initiative influenced the design of the IDA’s facilitate consumers and solar businesses’ financ- energy access portfolio and has leveraged over ing needs. Through the Mali Rural Electrification $40 million for 7 IDA projects that are currently Hybrid System (SHER) project, Lighting Africa sup- under implementation in Burkina Faso, the Dem- ported the design of a $2.7 million component to ocratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Liberia, Mali, expand off-grid lighting and solar lanterns in rural Uganda, and Tanzania. areas. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lighting Africa also supported the design and roll 68 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM out of an off-grid lighting campaign that makes electrification to Namibia and Ghana for a team of available an estimated 25,000 solar lighting prod- Zambian representatives of the power sector. The ucts for social infrastructure and community influ- Zambian team obtained first-hand knowledge of encers such as health care workers, teachers, and two low-cost electrification technologies that have leaders in areas beyond the reach of the grid. In been successfully implemented in a number of Burkina Faso, Lighting Africa provides technical countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: shield wire sys- assistance for scaling up solar home systems in tems (SWS) and single wire earth return (SWER). remote and poor communities. AGAT also enhanced hands-on knowledge for prac- titioners through the publication of two manuals: The program will continue to provide technical From the Bottom Up: How Small Power Producers and advice to Sub-Saharan Africa countries on off-grid Mini-Grids Can Deliver Electrification and Renewable products, including Uganda (consumer awareness Energy in Africa and Rural Electrification with the campaign), Tanzania (technical assistance for Shield Wire Scheme in Low-Income Countries: Design, solar financing facility), Somalia and Zambia Construction, and Operation. (market assessment studies), Kenya (off-grid sup- port to public institutions), Rwanda (support to AGAT also informed the preparation of the off-grid interventions), and Niger (market assess- recipient-executed Uganda Clean Cooking Supply ment activities for off-grid electrification). Chain Extension Project, currently under implementation. Africa Electrification Initiative (AEI) and Accel- erating On-grid Access Team (AGAT). AEI seeks Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES). to increase the effectiveness of rural electricity To build on new opportunities for transforming the access programs in Sub-Saharan Africa through cooking sector, the World Bank launched the Africa capacity building and knowledge exchange. AGAT Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) initia- aims to provide support to countries where on- tive in 2012. ACCES aims to promote enterprise- grid access is a priority. The programs will merge based, large-scale dissemination and adoption of to form AGAT+ in FY2017. clean cooking solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. In FY2016, ESMAP supported the implementation of In Uganda, AGAT activities in FY2016 included a project component to distribute improved cook- the following activities: (i) local training on man- stoves in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. agement skills such as accounting, warehouse In addition, it funded several reports, including a management, and inventory for rural electricity study on market-based interventions for alterna- service providers; and (ii) assessment on financ- tive biomass cooking fuels—an advocacy toolkit ing options for connection charges to inform the for removing trade barriers; and knowledge prod- new policy on connection charges to be elabo- ucts such as a willingness to pay and consumer rated by the Government of Uganda. acceptance assessment for Uganda, and a custom- izable Excel model design to generate high-level AEI and AGAT jointly organized in October 2015 a projections to inform advocacy for lowering trade study tour on low-cost technologies for rural barriers to clean and improved cookstoves. ACCES FOCUS ON AFRICA 69 is one of several regional programs supported by off-grid based electrification plan covering a period ESMAP’s Efficient, Clean Cooking and Heating ini- of 10 years; and (iii) a national geothermal strat- tiative (ECCH) in FY2016, which aims to coordi- egy and business plan for geothermal nate efforts in clean cooking and heating across development. the World Bank. REGION-SPECIFIC STUDIES COUNTRY-SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES Reforming Power Markets in Africa. Under this AFREA has been supporting country-specific activity, ESMAP financed the study Independent activities in more than 15 countries. Below is a Power Projects (IPPs) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons description of some of the country engagements: from Five Key Countries, a comprehensive review of IPPs in the region aiming to inform strategies to Niger Electricity Access Expansion Project. In scale up private sector participation in Africa’s support of the project, ESMAP and AFD funds power sectors. The report identifies critical areas were used to help Niger’s power sector improve of assistance spanning policy dialogue focused on the enabling environment for medium- and long- reforms; technical assistance for planning and per- term development of the power sector by helping formance improvements at the utility level; sup- fill important gaps in the policy environment.11 port to project preparation, assessment and negotiation of IPPs; and traditional financing and Kenya: Support to Energy Access Enhancement. risk mitigation. The study provides an action plan AFREA support in Kenya has been instrumental in for countries to promote more effective and sus- providing targeted and timely assistance to the tainable private participation and key insights for country’s access strategy, in particular: (i) last-mile the World Bank to strengthen strategic engage- grid electrification through AGAT support on on- ments to help clients attract private investments. grid access plus just-in-time consultancy; and (ii) off-grid access through Lighting Africa’s tech- Rural Electrification and Agriculture. In FY2016, nical advice for the design of the $150 million IDA the activity produced the report Double Dividend: credit under preparation for delivery in FY2017. In Power and Agriculture Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa, addition, ESMAP is supporting (i) the implemen- a first-of-its-kind landscape view of the potential to tation of the new Energy Bill as well as the insti- integrate countries’ agriculture and rural electrifi- tutional reorganization and a business plan for the cation objectives. The findings aim to help develop new, expanded mandate of the Rural Electrifica- innovative approaches to make off-grid electrifica- tion Agency; (ii) a comprehensive geospatial plan tion viable. Eight case studies—six actual studies to develop a phased and least-cost grid and conducted in Tanzania, Kenya, and Zambia, and two case studies based on simulations in Ethiopia and Mali—target policy makers by providing impor- 11 A detailed description of ESMAP’s work in support of the Niger Electricity Access Expansion Project can be found in tant lessons on the benefits and risks of large power Chapter 3. loads, supply options, and viability. 70 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Making Power Affordable for Africa and Viable it easier to gain public acceptance. The study also for Its Utilities. By distilling lessons from dozens found that subsistence consumption of electricity of countries across the region, this study aims to would be affordable for the majority of the poor better understand the linkages between financial in many countries, but only if each household is sustainability of power sectors in Sub-Saharan separately and accurately metered. High initial Africa and the goal of universal access to electric- connection costs and other barriers lead to a wide- ity. Findings pointed out that almost no country spread practice of multiple connections by house- in the region recovers the cost of supply, but one- holds. The report offers options for making third of African countries could do so by achiev- electricity connection and consumption more ing operational efficiencies and reducing costs. A affordable while minimizing utilities’ financial remedy prescribed for the remaining countries losses. include increasing tariffs in ways that would make BOX 10.1 INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INCREASE ADOPTION OF CLEANER, MORE EFFICIENT COOKSTOVES ACROSS UGANDA ESMAP pushes for innovation and cutting-edge methodologies through piloting new approaches, scaling them up, and mainstreaming them into larger programs. In Uganda, a country where less than 15 percent of its population use an energy efficient cookstove, a $2.2 million ESMAP grant is helping to implement a unique approach to achieve increased adoption rates of efficient, clean cook- stoves. The approach focuses on results-based commercial distribution of cookstoves through a Distribution Challenge Fund competition. The Fund provides competitive grants to encourage part- nerships between manufacturers and distributers to expand the distribution networks of high- quality, efficient cookstoves to support the implementation of high impact marketing and sales campaigns. By reducing high costs and risks for manufacturers, this approach will free up manu- facturers’ resources to expand production and progressively make available more efficient, cleaner stoves that consumers want to use. In turn, this support will increase both the growth in demand for improved cookstoves and the strengthening of the supply chain, thereby achieving greater econ- omies of scale. FOCUS ON AFRICA 71 FOCUS ON ASIA CHAPTER 11 T he Asia-Pacific region accounts for over half of the world’s energy consumption and energy demand is projected to almost double by 2030. There is an urgent need to find innovative ways to generate power in a sustainable manner. Compounding the problem is widespread energy poverty across Asia, with almost 450 million people still without access to electricity. In addition, more than 2 billion people rely on traditional fuels such as firewood to meet their cooking and heating needs, which leads to premature deaths—especially among women—from respiratory diseases associated with indoor smoke inhalation as well as increased local pollution. The Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE) is a global partnership created in 1992 to help the Asia-Pacific and South Asia regions reduce energy poverty, protect the environment, and leapfrog towards a low-carbon green path. Activities focus on renewable energy, energy effi- ciency, and access to energy while helping countries adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change. ASTAE currently provides technical assistance to 21 East Asia and Pacific (EAP) and South Asia (SAR) countries with dis- bursements of $5.6 million in FY2016. ASTAE’s depth of knowledge and flexible funding helps accelerate early-stage energy sector innovations, and timely support enables World Bank projects to adjust better to rapidly evolving conditions. ASTAE also shares best practices to improve institutional, policy, financial, legal, and regulatory frameworks across the region to attract more investment, especially from the private sector. 73 The ASTAE business plan was scheduled to close IN THE FOUR YEARS OF ITS in FY2016 but has been extended to FY2017, when 17 BUSINESS PLAN (FY2012–17), the multi-donor trust fund will close. In FY2016, ASTAE HAS: ASTAE started 8 new country activities—4 in East Asia & Pacific, 4 in South Asia regions—totaling ™ Provided technical assistance to identify, $1.4 million, and 1 regional activity, all together prepare, or supervise projects in 21 Asian countries that catalysed 24 World Bank influencing 8 World Bank projects totaling $1.05 Projects for a total of $6.3 billion billion. Since the beginning of the current FY2012– ™ Supported the installation across 10 17 Business Plan, ASTAE supported $6.3 billion countries of 1,484 MW of renewable in World Bank lending, double the pledged energy generating 3,200 GWh annually amount under the original business plan. ™ Enabled 5.3 million households in 7 coun- tries to gain access to electricity and 2 ASTAE also paid special attention to measuring million in 3 countries to gain clean cook- results through a Result Framework consisting of ing solutions five indicators. Three indicators are related spe- cifically to the renewable energy, energy effi- ciency, and access to modern energy services of the transmission network. A detailed invest- pillars and two indicators cross all pillars. ASTAE ment plan was laid out to help seize potential aims to influence World Bank loans and sets spe- opportunities brought by emerging technologies cific targets for its indicators by the end of each and relevant international experience, which was business plan. Table 11.1 summarizes ASTAE’s presented in the Smart Grid to Enhance Power results framework and progress. Transmission in Vietnam report prepared in part- nership with ESMAP. Discussions with the National Power Transmission Corporation are SUPPORT TO RENEWABLE ongoing to include smart grid investments iden- ENERGY tified in the plan in a World Bank $500 million Transmission Efficiency Project to improve the ASTAE helps its clients scale up the use of renew- capacity, efficiency, and reliability of electricity ables in their energy mix to slow the depletion of transmission services in selected parts of natural resources, limit environmental damage Vietnam. and rely less on fossil fuels, which are also imported resources in many Asian countries. Suc- Philippines Electric Cooperatives Reform and cessful examples include: Restructuring and Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Implementation Support. These Vietnam Renewable Energy Integration and Sys- two ASTAE grants started in FY2014 and FY2015, tem Efficiency and Reliability Enhancement. respectively, and led to the approval of the IBRD/ The activity supported Vietnam’s National Power CTF Philippines Renewable Energy Development Transmission Corporation in refining its smart grid (PHRED) project in FY2016, one of the first CTF strategy to improve the efficiency and resilience guarantee projects, of which $44  million is 74 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE 11.1 ASTAE Business Plan Result Framework, FY2012–16 VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE ACHIEVED ACHIEVED ACHIEVED PROGRESS DIRECT INDICATORS UNIT PLEDGED FY2012–15 FY2016 FY2012–16 (%) 1. Total World Bank Lending Catalyzed by ASTAE Activities Project and Program Lending $ million 3,200 5,232 1,050 6,282 194% 2. New Capacity and Increased Generation of Renewable Electricity Renewable Energy, Capacity MW 1,500 1,372 112 1,484 99% Renewable Energy, Generation GWh/yr 3,000 2,868 344 3,212 107% 3. Electricity Savings Resulting from Efficiency Improvements Energy Savings, Capacity MWe 1,000 351 25 376 38% Energy Savings, Generation GWh/yr 2,000 2,829 162 2,991 150% 4. Households with Access to Modern Energy Services Access to Electricity (new) households 2,000,000 558,000 4,802,500 5,360,500 268% Access to Electricity (improved) households 1,000,000 313,000 – 313,000 31% Improved Stoves for Heating households 5,000,000 1,195,000 800,000 1,995,000 40% (cooking & space) 5. Avoided Greenhouse Gas Emissions Direct CO2 Avoided over million tons 200 379 32 411 205 20 Years 6. Countries Benefiting from ASTAE Support Number of Countries countries 15 21 21 21 140% Note: Direct refers to values achieved, or expected to be achieved, in the course of World Bank–funded projects that benefited from ASTAE support. expected to leverage $500 million in private sec- in the development of new projects—something tor investments. The first grant identified the cen- that enhanced the operational readiness of the tral role of electric cooperatives as leaders in PHRED. The second grant supported the imple- network expansion and electrification and as pur- mentation of critical elements of the policy and chasers or equity participants in local renewable regulatory framework for renewable energy invest- energy development projects. The activity also ment. This resulted in the creation of the Renew- focused on strengthening the institutional and able Energy Certificate for Electric Cooperatives financial capacity of electric cooperatives to help that exceed their Renewable Portfolio Standard. them become reliable off-takers of renewable It also supported the development of a portfolio energy and credible partners of the private sector of renewable energy projects that could be FOCUS ON ASIA 75 embedded in the service territories of the electric tries, indicating that room for efficiency improve- cooperatives and provide improved system reli- ment is present in all sectors of the economy. ability and power quality. PHRED is expected to add 75MW of small-scale renewable energy and Da Nang was one of three pilot cities in the East produce 344GWh annually. Asia & Pacific region along with Cebu City, Philip- pines and Surabaya, Indonesia for the Sustainable Strategy to Scale-Up Renewable Energy in Pak- Urban Energy and Emissions Planning (SUEEP) pro- istan. ESMAP, through ASTAE, partnered with cess, which provides a framework to help cities the Government of Pakistan to assess the poten- mobilize financing and carry out a series of invest- tial for scaling up the development of renewable ments in energy efficiency and green infrastructure. energy resources, particularly solar. The activity The preliminary findings from audits of these cit- assessed the technical potential for distributed ies informed the design of the SUEEP guidebook, generation in Karachi, Lahore, and rural areas which provides a comprehensive framework and outside Islamabad and identified near-term step-by-step guidance to help a city develop its own priorities for potential World Bank interventions energy and emissions plan. With funding from in the sector to scale up the development of solar ASTAE, Da Nang used SUEEP tools to analyze the energy. Throughout the activity, ESMAP coordi- city’s energy and emissions profile, determine tar- nated closely with IRENA and other donors, gets for reduction, and identify investment oppor- including on the delivery of a workshop to pre- tunities for energy efficiency projects. The results sent the final Biomass Atlas from the associated and findings of the SUEEP activities in Da Nang Renewable Energy Resource Mapping activity and helped the World Bank team prepare a paper enti- the results of the study. The activities in the first tled Energizing Green Cities in Southeast Asia: Appli- year of the associated Renewable Energy Resource cation of Sustainable Urban Energy and Emissions Mapping activity fed into the strategy for this Planning in Vietnam, which was accepted for pub- activity. The development of this strategy directly lication by the International Council on Large Elec- benefits the parallel work being undertaken in tric Systems (CIGRE) to be shared with relevant the renewable energy sector by GIZ and ADB. Dis- stakeholders and decision makers, including at a cussions are ongoing on how the World Bank can biennial global knowledge sharing event organized best support Pakistan, at both the federal and pro- by CIGRE in August 2016. The Da Nang city gov- vincial level, in achieving some concrete invest- ernment approved two private companies—Philips ments in solar power. Electronics Vietnam Co., Ltd and Stanley Electric Japan—to participate in the planning process of the LED street lighting project. The SUEEP activi- PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ties in Da Nang generated interest in Surabaya, Indonesia. ESMAP is providing technical assistance Sustainable Urban Energy and Emissions Plan- to support Surabaya’s efforts to increase energy effi- ning: Energizing Green Growth of Da Nang City ciency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by in Vietnam. Energy consumption per unit of the applying the SUEEP framework and developing a gross domestic product is high in most Asian coun- Green Growth Plan with a roadmap of priority 76 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM projects and a LED Street Lighting Retrofit Project Bank Energy Blog so far this year. The Government Implementation Plan for the city. of India has agreed to cooperate with the World Bank to develop a mobile application, building on the platform to further inform its citizens about EXPANDING ACCESS TO MODERN progress of rural electrification in India. ENERGY Support to 24؋7 Power for All Program in India: Access to modern energy can significantly improve The states of Andhra Pradesh & Rajasthan. India people’s quality of life, providing them with light, has the largest energy access deficit of any single heat, and power for electrical appliances in a country. A recent study estimates that, of the much more efficient, inexpensive, and less pol- almost 300 million people who are without access luting way. Over the past decades, several Asian to electricity, over 200 million could legally con- countries have made dramatic progress in increas- nect to the electricity grid, but choose not to ing electricity access, but others still lag behind. because electricity supply is so unreliable. Additionally, most countries in the region have Approved in February 2016, projects under the been slow to devise strategies to transition house- Support to 24x7 Power for All Program in India holds to modern fuels or to improve the efficiency will support the operational and financial turn- and cleanliness of traditional fuels. around of the power distribution utilities in Ra- jasthan, one of India’s largest states, and focus Using Satellite Imagery to Monitor Progress of on strengthening the power distribution system Rural Electrification. Building on remote sensing in Andhra Pradesh by helping utilities to deploy tools and geographical information systems, the new smart grid technologies and bolster their ASTAE work aims to validate a new satellite-based monitoring and evaluation capacity. In Rajasthan, approach for monitoring the progress of rural elec- a diagnostic study was completed covering aspects trification over time and develop a corresponding of feeder metering, consumer indexing, energy toolkit. ASTAE funds helped validate the proof-of- audits, and IT systems and commercial processes, concept in Vietnam and were also used to develop along with assistance for improving the action the monitoring approach using daily satellite imag- plan for turnaround and implementation support. ery in India. The satellite-based monitoring ASTAE funding supported the IT strategy and approach has been successfully established and the implementation roadmap for improving commer- results have been shared widely with stakeholders cial processes, and enabling deployment of new and institutions involved in rural electrification pro- technologies for improving service delivery in the grams. The innovative approach has attracted strong power distribution utilities of Andhra Pradesh. interest from the development community and prac- These technologies include systems for remote titioners across the world. The open source visual- monitoring and control to improve reliability of ization platform has also proved a great success; a supply to consumers, and smart meters that blog post promoting the platform was viewed over increase transparency in billing and also promote 6,000 times in five languages, becoming one of the energy efficiency. top three most popular blog posts on the World FOCUS ON ASIA 77 BOX 11.1 EAST ASIA PACIFIC CLEAN STOVE INITIATIVE In East Asia and the Pacific region, about 1 billion people—nearly half of all households in the region— depend on solid fuels for cooking and heating, and, according to the World Health Organization, more than 1.8 million people die prematurely each year from exposure to household air pollution linked to solid fuel use. Launched in 2012, the East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) focuses on scaling up access to modern cooking and heating in the region, particularly for poor households in rural areas. Funded by Australian Aid (AusAid), ESMAP, and ASTAE, the program has a three-pronged implementation strategy: (i) establishing an enabling policy and regulatory environment for scaled up access to advanced stoves, while strengthening institutional capacity; (ii) supporting supply-side market and business development; and (iii) stimulating demand for clean and efficient stoves. The initiative adopts a phased approach focused on national implementation, knowledge sharing across countries and regions, and innovation. It includes four country programs and one cross-cutting regional program. China. The China CSI completed successful results-based financing (RBF) pilots in two villages, where 480 stoves were sold. In Hebei province, where the government has set a target for distrib- uting 6 million clean stoves by 2017, the CSI supported the design and preparation of a clean stove component that incorporated the lessons learned from the RBF pilot, under the World Bank $500 million Hebei Air Pollution Prevention Program-for-Results Project approved in June 2016. Indonesia. The initiative set up an RBF fund of $190,000, managed by Bank Rakyat Indonesia, and launched two sets of open calls for stove technologies and market aggregators—legal entities such as stove producers, wholesalers, and retailers willing to take investment risks. More than 30 stove technologies were tested, 14 technologies (half international and half national) became eligible for the pilot, and 10 market aggregators signed agreements for the RBF incentives. About 6,000 clean stoves were on the market and verified for RBF incentives. Based on lessons learned from this work, a national clean cookstove program is being designed to scale up impact. Lao PDR. Building on initial work by AusAID, ESMAP and ASTAE worked at the nexus of health, gen- der, and energy to support the Laos CSI, which is helping to increase access to modern cooking and heating through RBF approaches. The project helped to develop the first national clean cook- stove standards, to pilot an innovative health impact RBF based on quantification of health bene- fits as averted disability-adjusted life years (ADALYs); and to quantify gender benefits primarily as time savings to women who could spend more time with their families or resting. Mongolia. The Mongolia CSI supports the RBF approach under the ongoing stove-switching program of the Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project, which has already disseminated 36,533 low-emission heating stoves, covering more than four-fifths of the potential household market. As a result, air pollution has dropped considerably in the town’s most-polluted, high-density areas. A national strat- egy that aims to lower subsidies, diversify stove models, and advocate for avoidance of polluting stoves has been implemented. Regional. The CSI regional program held two regional forums and various South-South knowledge exchange events, established a virtual forum, and generated numerous knowledge products. 78 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM BOX 11.2 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER IN SOUTH ASIA As the World Bank accelerates its investments in both the water and energy sectors in South Asia, there is increasing need to better understand the impact of climate risks on hydropower, dams, and water management. Since 2013, IDA requires that all World Bank operations be screened for climate change and disaster risks and integrate resilience measures, if needed. ASTAE-funded work assessed various scientific methods of screening climate change and disaster risks and of integrating appropriate resilience measures in water, hydropower, and dams projects and helped to build capacity of selected agencies in the South Asia region. Teams from several sectors across the World Bank collaborated to test the Climate Change Decision Tree method in Nepal, which was used to incorporate resilience into a hydropower project. BOX 11.3 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE MAPPING AND ASTAE In support of ESMAP’s global initiative on Renewable Energy Resource Mapping (Chapter 6), ASTAE has provided parallel funding to three activities where there was strong demand. Maldives. Maldives’s island geography is uniquely suited for solar installations for distributed gen- eration, while wind resources are more promising in the northern part of the archipelago. ASTAE’s support in mapping both solar and wind resources has produced preliminary outputs, including a mesoscale wind modeling report and a solar modeling report. In December 2015, solar measure- ment stations were installed at four sites to collect high quality resource data for model validation, with wind measurement scheduled to start during FY2017. When two years of data have been col- lected, the initial models will be re-run and validated, and final solar and wind maps will be pro- duced. The work is carried out in parallel with a World Bank project on rooftop solar energy, and there are now preliminary discussions over development of wind power on some northern islands. Pakistan. ASTAE funding for this activity is supporting the wind mapping component, including the installation of 12 wind masts, which were installed over the summer of 2016. Pakistan has consid- erable wind resource potential, but so far only two zones in the south of the country are well under- stood and validated. The objective of the ASTAE- and ESMAP-funded wind mapping component is to gather high quality measurement data from sites across the country, and use this to generate a fully validated national wind map that will support development of new areas. Papua New Guinea. At the request of the government, ESMAP and ASTAE are funding an activity that will increase the viability of wind energy generation in the country and support future invest- ment. The activity has already resulted in a preliminary wind map, showing potentially viable wind resources near the two main cities of Port Moresby and Lae. The next phase will involve the instal- lation of wind measuring equipment in a few key sites in the country, generating data for validation of the national wind map but also for potential use by commercial developers in site investigation studies. Once two years of measurement data are available, the final phase of the project will involve remodeling and validation of the wind resource model, leading to production of a final wind atlas. FOCUS ON ASIA 79 FOCUS ON CHAPTER 12 SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES W ith growing threats from climate change, small island developing states (SIDS) are increasingly susceptible to extreme weather such as tropical cyclones and monsoons. This, combined with SIDS’s unique socioeconomic situation— insufficient resources, small populations, remoteness, sus- ceptibility to natural disasters and dependence on international trade and tourism—makes SIDS some of the most vulnera- ble areas in the world. SIDS also have to cope with high trans- portation, communication, and infrastructure costs. They are often highly dependent on imported fuel to meet their energy needs, including electricity generation. As a result many SIDS experience high and often rising costs for electricity, supply interruptions, and vulnerability to oil price shocks. Many SIDS are now looking to transition to a more sustainable energy path, where improved energy efficiency and renew- able energy play a crucial role. To help SIDS tackle the challenges associated with their unique environments, ESMAP established the SIDS DOCK Support Program in 2011. The program provides grants to SIDS focused on strengthening the enabling environment to remove barriers to renewable energy and energy efficiency 81 policy reforms, and on the implementation of IN THREE YEARS, renewable and energy efficiency projects that have ESMAP HAS: potential for scale up. ™ Supported technical assistance activities In FY2016, ESMAP supported nine projects for in 19 SIDS across the Caribbean, Pacific, and Africa regions SIDS in the Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific regions. ™ Provided more than $10 million to sup- port SIDS transition to low-emission, Cabo Verde | Solar PV for Healthcare. To help climate-resilient development the country develop distributed solar energy sys- ™ Helped mobilize additional investments of tems, the ESMAP-funded project focuses on the $29 million in São Tomé and Príncipe and installation of solar PV systems for at least three laid the foundation for significant invest- hospitals. The SIDS DOCK grant complements an ments in for geothermal development in ongoing World Bank energy operation that is sup- the Caribbean porting generation reinforcement in Santiago and São Vicente. The key expected outcome is a suc- cessful demonstration of PV for health care facil- under review. An international procurement ities whereby hospitals will be required to adviser has been hired to assist Tuvalu Electric- cofinance part of the cost of equipment, which ity Corporation in implementation. With funding enables scale-up through public- from ASTAE, the project team engaged a firm to private partnerships in the islands. The project help define technical specifications of the equip- was approved in January 2016 and is under imple- ment for renewable energy and energy efficiency mentation, with the bidding process for the instal- investments. lation of the PV solar equipment to be launched before the end of FY2017. Vanuatu | Energy Sector Development. ESMAP’s SIDS DOCK is supporting the development and Tuvalu | Energy Sector Development Project. implementation of a National Energy Road Map In 2015, the World Bank approved a $7 million to coordinate investments among the government, IDA project to enhance Tuvalu’s energy security private sector, and development partners. In by reducing its dependence on imported fuel for FY2016, Vanuatu’s Department of Energy revised power generation and improving the efficiency the road map, which was later approved by the and sustainability of its electricity systems. Council of Ministers. In April 2016, the govern- ESMAP is financing the renewable energy com- ment also drafted a number of key energy regu- ponent of the project with a $2.1 million SIDS lations and legislation, including geothermal DOCK grant. This funding is helping the state- drilling regulations to facilitate investment in geo- owned Tuvalu Electricity Corporation that man- thermal energy, instruments for the safe disposal ages on-grid and off-grid systems with the of toxic materials from renewable energy instal- installation of renewable energy technology. The lations, and national electricity wiring standards terms of reference to procure prepaid meters was to enable safe installation of renewable energy recently completed and bidding documents are systems. The Department of Energy has now 82 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM procured a firm to conduct a mini-hydropower Eastern Caribbean | Energy Regulatory Agency resource mapping assessment to determine hydro- Project. To harmonize policies, regulations, and power potential for the development of micro and guidelines for energy sector development through mini grids in rural areas. In May 2016, ESMAP a regional approach in the Eastern Caribbean, a supported the participation of two Department of $5.6 million World Bank project is supporting the Energy officials in a study tour in Hawaii to learn creation of a legal framework and building capac- about the regulatory and policy side of renewable ity for the Eastern Caribbean Energy Regulatory deployment, as well as the type of storage tech- Agency (ECERA). Through this project, both nologies suitable for island environments. St. Lucia and Grenada have approved legislation for the establishment and implementation of Pacific Island Countries | Sustainable Energy national electricity sector regulators—the National Industry Development. Pacific Island countries Utility Regulatory Commission in St. Lucia and have some of the world’s highest electricity prices, the Public Utilities Regulatory Commission in Gre- and each country spends as much as 25 percent nada. A SIDS DOCK grant from ESMAP provided of its gross domestic product to import petroleum critical training and technical assistance that led in order to provide essential services. The to the establishment of these regulatory bodies $5.6 million Regional Sustainable Energy Indus- and supported the preparation of standardized try Development Project approved in September energy laws and regulations that form part of the 2015 is helping them to access significantly stron- implementation framework for regulation in the ger data about renewable energy options and inte- Eastern Caribbean. Funding also helped the coun- grate various renewable energy sources into tries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean existing power systems. SIDS DOCK, SREP, the States prepare and develop national grid integra- Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recov- tion studies and grid codes. ery, and ESMAP have provided a $3.47 million grant under the project to finance access to data, Dominica | Geothermal Project. To help realize and strengthen the capacity of power utilities in the potential for a geothermal power plant in the Pacific Island Countries and Papua New Dominica’s Wotten Waven/Laudat geothermal Guinea to manage renewable energy technologies field, SIDS DOCK funded a gap analysis that iden- and incorporate long-term disaster risk planning. tified key areas to address in order to meet inter- One country has completed a procurement pack- national standards for development. Subsequent age and several other countries are drafting terms follow-up on the analysis in terms of guidance on of reference. The Pacific Power Association, the drilling, environmental standards and safeguards, project’s implementing agency, has hired a part- advisory support on financing and pricing, and time international procurement adviser and a full- help with funding mobilization (in coordination time project implementation officer to support its with the CTF, DFID and GEF), contributed to the executive director with day-to-day implementa- successful development of the steam field for the tion, monitoring, and reporting. domestic power plant, confirmed the viability of FOCUS ON SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES 83 the operation, and initiated the upgrade of the the development of geothermal resources. If suc- safeguards work. The Government also formally cessful, there is potential for the nation to realize requested the World Bank’s financial assistance the majority of electricity generation through to complete the project. Next steps include estab- renewable resources and serve as a model for the lishing the project development company and the development of geothermal resources in other offtaker utility company that will purchase the Pacific Island Countries. power. Grenada/St. Lucia/St. Vincent and the Grena- St. Lucia | Geothermal Project. To help St. Lucia dines | Regional Solar PV Scale-Up Project. In tap into its geothermal power generation poten- December 2015, the World Bank approved the tial, the project is assisting the government in Regional Solar PV Scale-Up Project funded by identifying areas for drilling, preparing a resource ESMAP with a $2 million SIDS DOCK Support exploration program, and engaging with a quali- Program grant. It will support at least one com- fied developer. The World Bank is working in col- mercial rooftop PV system on each island to assess laboration with the Government of New Zealand how solar PV can be deployed on public build- and the Clinton Climate Initiative on the project, ings that are connected to the national grids. The with funding from the SIDS DOCK Support Pro- sites selected for installation include hospitals, gram, GEF, and DFID. In FY2016, the government schools, and a national prison. The pilot project finalized surface exploration studies and related will provide technical expertise to support imple- activities that indicate a potentially exploitable mentation and strengthen local technical capac- geothermal resource of up to 70MW, hired an ity through on-the-job training and knowledge internationally renowned geothermal expert, and transfer. Once the pilots are completed, the case advanced negotiations with a qualified developer. studies will be compiled in a report to set the path The project is now assisting in the preparation of for replication of successful business models of a pre-feasibility study and an environmental and commercial-scale solar PV in the region. The proj- social impact assessment that will allow the gov- ect will include a focus on offtake agreements ernment to make informed investment decisions between the buyer and seller on future produc- and raise concessional financing for future explor- tion, such as power purchase agreements (PPAs) atory drilling. and net billing arrangements, as well as business development options, including PV leasing mod- Fiji | Geothermal Project. ESMAP is providing els, energy service companies (ESCOs), and PV technical assistance to the Government of Fiji to retail businesses. inform its approach to the development of geo- thermal power. In support of Fiji’s national energy São Tomé and Príncipe | Power Sector Efficiency policy objectives and the implementation of the Improvement. SIDS DOCK financing from ESMAP draft Strategic Action Plan, ESMAP support has supported pre-feasibility studies to rehabilitate a allowed for the preparation of a pre-feasibility key hydropower plant in the island of São Tomé, study on geothermal power and a roadmap for as well as recommend measures to reduce the 84 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM transmission and distribution losses in the electric- Caribbean | Caribbean Centre for Renewable ity network of both islands. The studies influenced Energy and Energy Efficiency. ESMAP provided the São Tomé and Príncipe Power Sector Recovery a $600,000 SIDS DOCK grant to support the Project which was approved by the World Bank to regional and national efforts to deploy renewable finance and implement the recommendations of energy and energy efficiency systems in the Carib- the studies. The $29 million project combined a bean through the establishment of the Caribbean $16 million IDA grant and leveraged $13 million Sustainable Energy Roadmap and Strategy of cofinancing from the European Investment Bank (C-SERMS) Platform. The SIDS DOCK grant will to increase renewable energy generation through help enable the C-SERMS Platform to assist CAR- an upgrade of the country’s largest hydropower ICOM member states in meeting their individual plant, as well as improve the reliability of the elec- renewable energy and energy efficiency targets tricity supply through distribution network reha- through activities organized around five thematic bilitation and technical assistance. In addition to areas: technical assistance; capacity building and essential infrastructure investments, the project research; information and knowledge manage- also incorporates consumer feedback mechanisms ment; policy and regulations; and financing. Com- to better target interventions and monitor utility plementary funding for the C-SERMS Platform performance. has been provided by the Austrian Federal Min- istry of Finance and GIZ. FOCUS ON SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES 85 THE WAY CHAPTER 13 FORWARD: HELPING COUNTRIES THROUGH THEIR ENERGY TRANSFORMATION T he international community is mobilizing to tackle the triple challenge of increasing energy access, increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix, and increasing the rate of improvement in energy efficiency, while mitigating and adapting to climate change. In this context, ESMAP has an opportunity to play a significant role in shaping the energy transition and this is reflected in its new Business Plan for 2017–20. Drawing from lessons learned in implementing the previous three-year business plan, the new plan outlines ESMAP’s strategic pri- orities and resource requirements for FY2017–20. It also draws on input from ESMAP’s Consultative Group and advice from the Technical Advisory Group, as well as recommendations 87 of the program’s 2015 External Evaluation and t Its involvement in high-level policy dialogue lessons learned from its annual Portfolio Review. with governments, in many cases, as the leading development partner convening other stakeholders in the energy sector THE NEW BUSINESS PLAN In support of Sustainable Development Goal 7 TRANSFORMATION THROUGH (SDG7), the Paris Agreement, the World Bank’s TARGETED INTERVENTIONS Climate Change Action Plan as well as the World Bank’s twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty ESMAP’s work program for FY2017–20 is orga- and boosting shared prosperity, ESMAP’s work nized around three thematic areas corresponding program for FY2017–20 is shaped by the need to: to the three SDG7 targets on energy access, renew- (i) ensure universal access to modern energy ser- able energy, and energy efficiency. Each thematic vices in low- and middle-income countries; area comprises specific components to enable (ii) decarbonize the energy sector in line with ESMAP to respond quickly to client needs. Three global climate change commitments; and (iii) cross-cutting areas aim to address broader sec- ensure energy security, reliability, and toral issues. These relate to energy subsidy affordability. reforms; energy sector governance, markets, and planning; and providing knowledge as a global The Business Plan capitalizes on ESMAP’s com- public good through the SE4All Knowledge Hub. parative advantage stemming from its unique Aligned with the strategy of the World Bank and position within the World Bank, which enables the ESMAP donors, gender considerations are it to draw on global expertise from across the mainstreamed across the entire work program. organization, and to influence policy advice and lending. Going forward, ESMAP will scale up sup- THEMATIC AREAS port to areas where the World Bank has the abil- ity to catalyze transformational change, for Energy Access example, through: ESMAP will concentrate on areas where a com- bination of knowledge generation and operational t Its capacity to leverage public and private support can accelerate the pace of progress in sector financing through country countries and communities that would otherwise operations be left behind. These include: t Its global presence in client countries and widespread engagement in other relevant t Supporting low-income countries to improve sectors such as urban, water, transport, mac- their enabling environments and capacity to roeconomic and fiscal management, poverty, implement large-scale, grid-based electrifica- social protection, environment, and health tion efforts through more programmatic, 88 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FIGURE 13.1 Theory of Change Diagram  SGD7: ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all   Ensure universal access to affordable, Increase substantially the share of renewable Double the global rate of improvement in reliable and modern energy services energy in the global energy mix energy efficiency Increase investment in Energy Access, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency:  4(orld Bank client countries, thereby supporting the twin goals of poverty reduction and increasing shared prosperity;  4"+ough the most effective use of public resources to maximize private investment; 4"#&e generating global public goods that support the research and investment efforts of clients and our development partners.  C AREAS ENERGY ACCESS RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY EFFICIENCY Gender Energy Efficient In response to client challenges  &&echnical Assistance Renewable Energy Variable Renewable Efficient and #-#,+oject Sustainable Buildings Resource**#(g Energ2 +#(-!+-#)n +eparation Facility FOCAL AREAS Energy Access for &obal Facility -"+())+ )(#(# +#, &)& )-"+'& Solar Support Development Innovation Efficient, Clean #!"-#(! &obal ))%#(!(-#(! CROS   AREAS Energy Governance, Planning, & Markets Energy Subsidy Reform SE4All Knowledge Hub sector-wide investments and geospatial- Renewable Energy based, least-cost planning ESMAP has identified four areas where World t Leveraging the recent surge in private sector Bank engagement will help spur increased invest- interest in off-grid solar and mini grid elec- ment in renewable energy and where ESMAP has trification to drive up electricity access rates the potential to influence policy and lending. in rural areas These are: t Demonstrating and documenting solutions for reaching the urban poor, particularly in t Renewable resource assessment and map- slums and informal settlements that often ping, which can shape policy and investment require targeted, innovative approaches in countries considering renewable energy t Initiating a transformation in the cooking options while helping more advanced coun- sector by monetizing co-benefits in health, tries to open up new areas for development gender, and climate change; mobilizing pub- t Support to solar power projects to help coun- lic and private sector resources; and driving tries structure initial programs and develop the existing cooking stoves and fuels markets strategies for large-scale deployment towards higher standards THE WAY FORWARD: HELPING COUNTRIES THROUGH THEIR ENERGY TRANSFORMATION 89 BOX 13.1 SUPPORTING COUNTRY NDCS AND THE WORLD BANK CLIMATE ACTION PLAN At the most recent UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, 140 World Bank client coun- tries committed to implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as part of an agree- ment to limit global warming to less than 2°C by 2030. At the same time, public and private actors have renewed their pledges to increase climate change investments, enhance carbon pricing, and end wasteful energy subsidies. As a response to this unprecedented drive, the World Bank put forth its Climate Change Action Plan, which aims to urgently help developing countries deliver on their plans through transition to renew- able energy, decrease in high-carbon energy sources, and development of green transport systems and sustainable cities. The plan reaffirms the World Bank’s commitment to increase the climate- related share of its portfolio from 21 to 28 percent by 2020 in response to client demand, with total financing (including leveraged cofinancing) of potentially $29 billion per year by 2020. The agreement reached in Paris sets the foundation for a global transformation to a low carbon, sustainable future. As it calls for global peaking of greenhouse gases as soon as possible, followed by rapid reductions leading to net zero emissions after 2050, the energy sector’s role to global action is crucial. If country pledges are to be implemented, financial resources will need to be mobilized at a collective level of $100 billion per year. ESMAP’s new Business Plan for FY2017–20 supports COP21’s call to action and the World Bank’s Climate Change Action Plan. Around half of all NDCs include explicit energy-focused targets and place emphasis on increasing renewables and energy efficiency. They also call for drastically reduc- ing power sector emissions growth while satisfying an increasing demand, mostly coming from developing countries. In addition, NDCs highlight targets and actions in several energy-related sec- tors such as cities, clean cooking, energy efficient and green buildings, urban transport, waste man- agement, water and wastewater—all related to ESMAP’s line of work. ESMAP will expand its support to this agenda through its three thematic areas and its cross- cutting activities. t Integration of variable renewable energy Energy Efficiency sources through power system planning and ESMAP will continue to target energy use in cit- grid improvements ies. A special area of emphasis in the new busi- t To continue to mitigate the risks and costs ness plan is the buildings sector, which is of exploration drilling and accelerate invest- responsible for more than 50 percent of global ments in geothermal development energy consumption (IEA 2015) and where pro- jected business-as-usual growth could lock in 90 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM inefficient, polluting, and expensive development private sector participation, and techno- that will further strain many fragile energy sup- logical innovation ply systems. Specifically, ESMAP’s two initiatives ∞ Advice on regulatory incentives for under the Energy Efficiency Thematic Area are: expanded energy access ∞ Advice on cutting-edge options for effi- t Energy Efficient Cities Project Preparation cient and competitive market design Facility will focus on municipal services, such ∞ Advice on market structures and pricing as public lighting, transport, water and waste- conducive to VRE integration water, solid waste, power and district energy, t Power System Planning, including support as well as the relationship between cities and to programs/projects involving transfer of industries within their borders, which in tools to clients and associated training many cases accounts for the largest share of t Regional Integration of Infrastructure, includ- the city’s energy consumption. ing technical assitance to power trade t Efficient and Sustainable Buildings initiative institutions will support the integration of energy effi- ciency with renewable energy and other sus- Energy Subsidy Reform tainability aspects in buildings in client The $20 million, multiyear Energy Subsidy Reform countries, including how buildings are con- and Delivery Technical Assistance Facility will con- structed, how they are retrofitted, how they tinue to provide comprehensive technical assis- use energy, and where they are located. tance to countries considering or implementing energy subsidy reforms. While the facility remains in ESMAP, it is now co-led by the World Bank CROSS-CUTTING AREAS Macroeconomics and Fiscal Management and Energy and Extractives Global Practices in recog- Energy, Governance, Planning nition of the important fiscal impetus behind sus- and Markets tainable subsidy reform and the need for a ESMAP will support effective energy sector poli- multi-sectoral approach in addressing the issue. A cies and institutions through annual block grants diagnostic framework for quantifying and analyz- to World Bank regional energy units for energy ing energy subsidies and their impacts will be sector governance, planning, and markets. The made available as well as methodological guid- support will be demand driven and flexible, with ance for the assessments and activities that under- the indicative areas of focus identified in consul- pin implementation of subsidy reform. Key areas tation with the regions as follows: of emphasis for the facility will continue to be: the political economy of pricing reforms; analysis t Power Sector Reform of the poverty, social, fiscal, macroeconomic, and ∞ Technical assistance to government bod- climate change aspects of subsidy reform; design ies, regulators, and system operators on of pricing and price adjustment frameworks; sup- effective institutional/governance struc- port for policy dialogue, stakeholder consultations, tures for greater market efficiency, THE WAY FORWARD: HELPING COUNTRIES THROUGH THEIR ENERGY TRANSFORMATION 91 and communication, including on the negative World Bank lending operations to the extent pos- impacts of subsidies and the need to reduce them; sible.  As appropriate, they will be conducted development of transition plans; and design of through multi-sectoral World Bank teams com- specific solutions to mitigate the adverse impacts posed of experts in energy pricing and reforms, of reform on poor and vulnerable popula- fiscal policy, poverty reduction, social protection, tions. Engagements at the country and regional climate change, social development, and levels will be demand driven and linked with communications. 92 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM SE4All Knowledge Hub Statistical Offices and increase the data collection ESMAP will continue to develop and refine the capabilities of the National Statistical Offices. SE4All Knowledge Hub products, providing crit- ical information about progress towards global The Readiness for Investment in Sustainable sustainable energy goals and SDG7. Energy (RISE) will continue to evaluate the enabling environment for sustainable energy, with The Global Tracking Framework (GTF) will move new data on the legal and policy frameworks in from a biennial to annual publication schedule to 100+ collected and scored every two years. Indi- synchronize with the reporting period for SDG7. cators will be revised to ensure they continue to Also, starting in 2017, the GTF suite of reports represent best practices as technologies and mar- will include five stand-alone regional publications kets mature, and future reports will include time that will go into detail on the key drivers and chal- series data to highlight the evolution of policy lenges facing sustainable energy progress in dif- support globally and by country. The RISE web- ferent geographical regions. These regional site will be updated periodically to serve as an publications will be developed in collaboration effective, one-stop shop for information on energy with the United Nations Regional Commissions. sector laws, regulations, structure, and institu- tions in each country covered. ESMAP will implement the Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) methodology to characterize energy access Periodic State of Energy Access Reports (SEAR) by the amount and quality of electricity or off- will provide context and qualitative detail to com- grid services used at a household level, publish- plement the more data-driven GFT, MTF, and ing 20 to 30 Country Energy Access Diagnostic RISE. SEAR will include an initial “synthesis Reports that will contain detailed analysis of key report” that highlights trends, key energy access indicators of energy access services by country. challenges and drivers, and best practices in finan- ESMAP will also seek to incorporate a condensed cial and delivery models, as well as impact eval- version of the MTF survey in the regular National uations and case studies on relevant public and Household Surveys carried out by the National private access interventions. THE WAY FORWARD: HELPING COUNTRIES THROUGH THEIR ENERGY TRANSFORMATION 93 FINANCIAL CHAPTER 14 REVIEW 95 T he FY2016 figures in this chapter detail CONTRIBUTIONS financial information for the three multi-donor trust funds (MDTFs) that In FY2016, ESMAP received a total of $31 million are under ESMAP’s management and from 9 donors, including the World Bank. ASTAE administration: ESMAP, ASTAE, and SIDS DOCK. and SIDS DOCK did not receive any contributions This is the third year that financial figures for all in FY2016. Table 14.1 shows the receipts from three MDTFs are being reported side-by-side in a individual donors for the three MDTFs for FY2016, joint annual report. as well as cumulative receipts since FY2010. TABLE 14.1 Overview of Donor Contributions to ESMAP, ASTAE, and SIDS DOCK MDTFs, FY2010–16 ($, thousands) Total FY2016 Paid In Contribution Cumulative Paid In FY2010–16 Receipts % Cumulative SIDS SIDS Country ESMAP ASTAE DOCK ESMAP ASTAE DOCK FY2010–16 Australia 1,154.40 8,729.14 8,729.14 4.1% Austria 547.80 6,144.96 6,144.96 2.9% Denmark* 31,961.77 7,093.12 39,054.88 18.3% Finland 1,527.54 1,527.54 0.7% France 1,967.14 1,967.14 0.9% Germany 7,871.20 7,871.20 3.7% Iceland 300.00 2,106.13 2,106.13 1.0% Japan 9,000.00 9,000.00 4.2% Lithuania 97.79 97.79 0.0% Netherlands 12,699.23 37,899.23 12,000.00 49,899.23 23.4% Norway 3,996.76 15,884.20 15,884.20 7.5% Sweden 4,061.86 8,627.20 5,913.75 14,540.95 6.8% Switzerland 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 1.9% United Kingdom 3,733.99 43,179.03 6,324.75 49,503.78 23.2% World Bank 450.00 2,676.84 2,676.84 1.3% Total 30,944.03 .00 .00 172,672.16 24,238.50 16,093.12 213,003.77 100% *Denmark’s contribution includes $3.26 million provided by the European Commission. 96 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM DISBURSEMENTS BREAKDOWN BY REGION AND PROGRAM AREA ESMAP disbursed $36 million, in FY2016—an increase of 38 percent from the year before ($26 Table 14.3 shows FY2016 spending by region for million). ASTAE disbursements for FY2016 are at all three MDTFs, as well as by program area for $5.5 million, on a slight upwards trend compared ESMAP. SE4All comprised the largest portion of to FY2015, while SIDS DOCK has almost doubled ESMAP’s portfolio followed by AFREA, the Renew- its disbursements this year. Table 14.2 shows dis- able Energy Resource Mapping initiative, and the bursements for all three MDTFs for FY2014–16. Cities Energy Efficiency Initiative (CEETI). Projects costs are separated into (i) disbursements by region and for global programs and (ii) dis- bursements for program management, adminis- tration, and other centralized functions. FINANCIAL REVIEW 97 98 TABLE 14.2 ESMAP, ASTAE, and SIDS DOCK Disbursements, FY2014–16 ($, thousands) FY14 FY15 FY16 ESMAP ASTAE SIDS ESMAP ASTAE SIDS ESMAP ASTAE SIDS Project Cost $19,852.74 $5,030.18 $765.75 93% $25,082.21 $4,858.66 $1,040.88 94% $33,974.83 $5,471.33 $1,968.60 95% Africa 7,681.48 179.77 8,972.78 539.23 11,973.99 52.18 East Asia 2,132.92 3,847.86 74.88 2,680.42 3,801.59 36.39 3,052.50 3,289.12 419.04 Europe & Central Asia 1,419.49 2,224.79 3,265.22 Latin America & Caribbean 2,153.29 379.91 2,110.19 465.26 2,231.31 1,497.37 Middle East & North Africa 448.13 413.85 2,100.21 South Asia 878.73 965.59 2,834.55 1,014.09 2,191.04 2,182.22 Global Program 5,138.70 216.73 131.19 5,845.62 42.98 9,160.56 Program Management & $1,910.43 $77.55 $82.31 7% $1,708.448 $58.181 $165.298 6% $1,991.326 $104.053 $66.685 5% Sustaining Program Management 784.69 68.19 82.31 736.29 58.18 89.57 829.12 87.30 55.63 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Governance (CG, TAG) 98.58 9.36 85.37 58.17 Resource Management/Trust Fund 217.42 151.51 12.86 Administration Portfolio Management (Monitoring 213.46 189.51 641.44 16.76 and Evaluation) Knowledge Forums 116.65 97.95 75.72 11.05 Communication and Outreach 479.62 447.81 449.75 (publications, website, and other dissemination) Total $21,763.17 $5,107.73 $848.06 100% $26,790.65 $4,916.84 $1,206.18 100% $35,966.15 $5,575.39 $2,035.28 100% Of which: Funded by Donors 21,182.40 5,107.73 848.06 26,572.43 4,916.84 1,206.18 35,516.15 5,575.39 2,035.28 Funded from World Bank Budget 344.62 218.22 450.00 Funded from Fee Income 236.15 TABLE 14.3 ESMAP, ASTAE, and SIDS DOCK Disbursements, by Program Area, FY2016 ($, thousands) ESMAP TOTAL DISBURSEMENT Annual Block Mini RE Other Grants Transport Water (SE4ALL) ECCH Grids VRE GGDP RBF Mapping Subsidy AFREA CEETI Programs* ESMAP ASTAE SIDS TOTAL Africa 693.827 29.041 159.855 3,236.993 40.887 3.193 152.548 2,203.220 33.251 5,421.176 11,973.990 52.180 12,026.170 East Asia 998.843 43.841 29.884 231.392 39.267 195.111 21.018 666.135 356.161 315.694 155.159 3,052.505 3,289.118 419.045 6,760.668 Europe & 1,103.881 42.126 31.476 29.984 1,090.185 967.588 3,265.218 3,265.218 Central Asia Latin 478.081 52.300 198.786 57.419 10.335 134.768 343.384 149.036 742.091 69.127 2,231.308 1,497.371 3,728.679 America & Caribbean Middle 1,412.269 59.765 451.927 176.244 2,100.205 2,100.205 East & North Africa South Asia 422.330 97.294 150.790 64.014 1,456.618 2,191.045 2,182.215 4,373.260 Global 142.397 2,520.561 646.840 405.700 169.271 714.018 7.308 251.283 481.566 56.872 1,358.599 2,406.139 9,160.555 9,160.555 Programs Program 1,991.326 1,991.326 104.053 66.685 2,162.064 Management & Sustaining Total 5,107.210 466.764 418.001 6,197.156 726.427 446.588 371.247 1,405.042 28.326 4,577.255 2,562.125 5,478.048 3,560.214 4,621.750 35,966.152 5,575.386 2,035.281 43,576.819 *Other Programs include programs implemented by ESMAP unit and other departments that are not part of World Bank Regions (e.g., Gender, Climate, etc.). ACCES Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions Initiative ADB Asian Development Bank AEI African Electrification Initiative ACRONYMS AFD Agence Française de Développement AfDB African Development Bank AFREA Africa Renewable Energy and Access Program AGAT Accelerating On-grid Access Team ASTAE Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program AusAid Australian Aid BMZ German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development CARICOM Caribbean Community CEETI City Energy Efficiency Transformation Initiative CEM Clean Energy Ministerial CG Consultative Group CIF Climate Investment Funds COP21 21st Conference of the Parties C-SERMS Caribbean Sustainable Energy Roadmap and Strategy CSI Clean Stove Initiative CTF Clean Technology Fund DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DPL development policy loan ECCH Efficient, Clean Cooking and Heating ENACAL Empresa Nicaragüense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados EnDev Energising Development ESCO energy service company ESROC Energy Subsidy Reform Online Community FCV fragility, conflict, and violence GEF Global Environment Facility GGDP Global Geothermal Development Plan GIS geographic information system GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (Germany) GPOBA Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid GSEP Global Sustainable Electricity Partnership GTF Global Tracking Framework (SE4All initiative) IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association 100 IDB Inter-American Development Bank SENER Mexican Energy Secretariat IEA International Energy Agency SIDA Swedish International IFC International Finance Corporation Development Cooperation Agency IPP independent power producer SIDS small island developing states IRENA International Renewable Energy SIDS DOCK Small Island Developing States Agency Support Program JICA Japan International Cooperation SREP Scaling-up Renewable Energy Agency Program KfW German government-owned SUEEP Sustainable Urban Energy and development bank Emissions Planning LED light-emitting diode TAG Technical Advisory Group M&E monitoring and evaluation TRACE Tool for Rapid Assessment MDTF multi-donor trust fund of City Energy MTF Multi-tier Framework (SE4All UN United Nations initiative) USAID United States Agency for NDC Nationally Determined Contribution International Development NREL National Renewable Energy VRE variable renewable energy Laboratories WBG World Bank Group PforR Program for Results (World Bank WBIF Western Balkans Investment Group financing mechanism) Framework PHRED Philippines Renewable Energy Development Bold refers to ESMAP-managed initiatives or PLN Perusahaan Listrik Negara products. (Indonesia’s state electric All dollar figures ($), unless otherwise company) specified, are in United States dollars. PPP public-private partnership PV photovoltaic WORLD BANK REGIONS RBF results-based financing RISE Readiness for Investment in AFR—Sub-Saharan Africa Sustainable Energy (SE4All EAP—East Asia and Pacific initiative) ECA—Europe and Central Asia SDG7 Sustainable Development Goal 7 LCR—Latin American and Caribbean SE4All Sustainable Energy for All MNA—Middle East and North Africa SEAR State of Energy Access Report SAR—South Asia (SE4All initiative) For the ESMAP-ASTAE 2015 Annual Report annexes, please go to: http://www.esmap.org/node/57633 ACRONYMS 101 ANNEX I | PROCEEDINGS OF THE to the External Evaluation report based on com- CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING ments received from the donors and TAG after the FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED January special meeting. Several donors acknowl- PROGRAMS edged the strong performance of ESMAP as reported in the external evaluation, but expressed the view 20–22 April 2016, Washington, DC that the report was less analytical than expected from an external evaluation; the evaluation team SUMMARY OF THE CONSULTATIVE responded that the assessment represented a fair GROUP MEETING FOR ESMAP evaluation of ESMAP’s performance. The Consultative Group (CG) meeting for the The presentation highlighted five key Energy Sector Management Assistance Program recommendations: (ESMAP) was held in Washington, DC, during April 20–22, 2016. This summary covers the dis- 1. Program Growth: ESMAP should pursue cussions during the Open Sessions during growth, while actively managing and moni- April 20–21. Mr. Charles Feinstein, Acting Senior toring threats to effectiveness associated with Director for the Energy and Extractives Global that growth. Practice (EEX) provided opening remarks. The 2. Outreach & Coordination: To enhance effec- Open Sessions included presentations and discus- tiveness, ESMAP should strengthen outreach sions of the External Evaluation, the Technical and coordination efforts at the World Bank Advisory Group (TAG) report, and examples of Group and country levels. 3. Monitoring & Evaluation: ESMAP and ESMAP support in the major thematic and cross- cutting areas; and was chaired by Mr. Rohit ASTAE should continue to support and refine Khanna, ESMAP Program Manager. Discussion the M&E framework. highlights for each session are provided below. 4. ASTAE Institutional Arrangements: The Separate minutes are provided for the Closed Ses- institutional arrangements for ASTAE should sion that was held on April 22, 2016. be finalized. 5. Knowledge Management Strategy: ESMAP Session 1: External Evaluation should develop a knowledge management ICF International conducted an external evaluation strategy. to review the performance of ESMAP and ASTAE against their respective business plans and results The Q&A and discussion focused on the follow- frameworks. The draft report was shared and pre- ing areas: sented in detail during the donors’ special meeting in January 2016. The final report and management t Improved Communications on Results. Fol- response were shared with the CG prior to the meet- lowing the January CG meeting, the donors requested the External Evaluation team and ing. During the April CG session, Mr. Mark Wag- ESMAP management to address the issue of ner, Senior Vice President of ICF, presented updates 102 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM improving communication on results and although soft earmarking would not be activities that could help CG members to sup- reflected in the Annual Report. port ESMAP during internal discussions and t Refugee Situation. The donors raised con- reporting within their organizations. ESMAP cern regarding the refugee situation in noted that this was an area the team is work- Europe—an issue on the top of many of their ing on. Further discussion was deferred to development agendas—and wanted to learn the Knowledge Management and Communi- more about ESMAP and the World Bank’s cations session. work in this area. This was also considered t Comparative Advantage. At the special CG beyond the scope of the external meeting in January 2016, ESMAP donors evaluation. expressed interest in the External Evaluation t Gender. CG members noted that as gender report assessing the program’s comparative issues are mainstreamed across programs, advantage directly. It was noted that com- ESMAP will need to ensure that gender fund- parison of ESMAP with other donor-funded ing and M&E focus are maintained. In paral- efforts was beyond the scope of the evalua- lel, or as part of the effort to mainstream tion’s Terms of Reference as it would require gender in the energy agenda, consideration detailed knowledge of comparators. However, should be given to gender as a driver of the evaluation report was updated to reflect transformation. how ESMAP works with other development t Program Expansion. CG members expressed partners and internally across sectors to the need for caution about the number of enhance its impact. new focus areas in the next business plan, t What Has Worked and What Has Not. The and noted that a commensurate effort would country “Back-to-Office Reports” included as be needed in improved reporting, M&E and an annex to the evaluation report were noted communications to demonstrate impact. It as a good source of country-specific examples was acknowledged that ESMAP has a role to about what has and has not worked well. play in forward-looking issues such as under- t Interaction with IFC. The CG expressed standing the impact of new energy technolo- interest in better understanding ESMAP’s gies and investment opportunities. relationship with IFC energy programs. Some examples of ESMAP-IFC partnerships are Session 2: Knowledge Management reflected in the evaluation report. This was and Communications noted as an area for further discussion during New Knowledge Management (KM) Approach. the CG meeting. The KM lead presented the five components in t Soft Earmarking. It was noted that for some the M&E process, namely the annual ESMAP Port- donors the ability to soft earmark is helpful folio Review, operation and management, qual- in raising funds internally. It was agreed that ity assurance process, input from TAG, and ESMAP would provide more information on external evaluation. A new KM exercise has been the soft earmarking of funds received, launched with the aim of surveying all ANNEX I | PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED PROGRAMS 103 ESMAP-generated knowledge and producing a Session 3: TAG Report strategy and action plan. It will help define new TAG presented its report that recognized strong opportunities for KM in response to business goals ESMAP performance over the past year. Recom- and stakeholder needs and also consider linkages mendations and points for discussion included: to World Bank Group initiatives. The CG stressed i) strengthening the link with Sustainable Devel- the importance of seeing a knowledge approach opment Goals (SDG), including in the M&E frame- not just for the program but also for the whole work; ii) giving the access agenda priority over sector and suggested that SE4All could be part of the climate change mitigation agenda when there that approach. The focus will be about connect- is competition for resources; iii) increasing focus ing people with ideas and knowledge rather than on urban energy access, given urbanization creating a library of reports. Optimized search trends; iv) promoting greater engagement with tools will be considered. the private sector; and v) capacity to utilize an increased budget. Scaling Up Communications. The ESMAP Com- munications Officer presented a communications t ESMAP’s role in strengthening World Bank strategy to support the new business plan. The focus on access. TAG noted that the findings goal of the strategy is to increase ESMAP’s impact from the IEG assessment of World Bank sup- by improving knowledge dissemination to key port for increasing access emphasized the audiences and highlighting how the program is importance of a sector-wide approach. This shaping the sector. The strategy outlined steps to is consistent with the support under the achieve these goals, such as: i) producing more SE4All Technical Assistance program. There innovative communications products; ii) strength- was a suggestion for ESMAP to develop an ening ESMAP’s narrative with clear examples of energy access strategy and try to mainstream results; iii) modernizing its website and publica- this in the World Bank’s Energy Practice. tions dissemination; iv) strengthening the use of ESMAP management clarified that ESMAP social media; and v) seizing more opportunities does not have this mandate within the World to integrate efforts with the World Bank’s broader Bank but consideration could be given to communications activities. The CG expressed a developing an ESMAP strategy to strengthen desire to see more and stronger linkages to results focus on access within the World Bank’s and a succinct storyline of the program’s theory Energy Practice. In response to questions of change so they can convey these messages to about the lack of reference to energy access their political leaders. They also suggested that in the World Bank’s Climate Change Action the ESMAP communications team connect with Plan, ESMAP management clarified that the their own communications units to better under- World Bank’s energy agenda is guided by the stand the scope of ESMAP communications most Energy Directions Paper that has a strong useful for donor purposes. emphasis on energy access. 104 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM t Energy-water-food nexus. The view that technical assistance arising from World Bank ESMAP could/should do more to generate teams’ dialogue with clients and typically cover demand in this area was balanced to some topics that are broader than, as well as underpin, extent by a view that ESMAP should not allo- ESMAP’s focus areas, such as fixing sector fun- cate further resources unless there is a clear damentals. Each region receives an annual allo- demand. ESMAP noted that the topic will be cation of about $1million based on an allocation included in the “innovations lab,” providing formula that takes into account performance and some on-going support, if demand arises. other factors. t Disbursement of existing resources. One CG member noted that as of the end of Several presentations by World Bank Task Team CY2015, only $116 million was committed or Leaders (TTLs) illustrated the impact and role of disbursed, raising a question about how the ABGs in responding to county demand. The Arme- rest will be spent and whether the funding nia Power Sector Financial Recovery Plan was a crit- will be committed in FY16. ESMAP clarified ical contribution underpinning policy-based that by the end of FY16 $127 million under lending for the power sector. ABG support was the current business plan will be allocated, also used to identify key policy actions as an input leaving only a minimal carryover budget to to the $250 million Development Policy Operation continue basic ESMAP operations until fund- in Jordan. In Niger, support was catalytic in ing for the new business plan is received. improving the enabling environment to allow the t Results reporting. CG members requested country’s Electricity Access Expansion Program to clearer reporting on results, both in terms of succeed (including preparatory studies for the Impact stories and numerical results (e.g., investment component). In India, ESMAP funded number of households with access) that a report that informed power sector policies, par- could be considered as influenced by ESMAP ticularly action on the financial viability of distri- support. ESMAP management committed to bution utilities. at least four Impact stories in FY17 and improved reporting on results numbers and A presentation on “Rethinking Power Sector narrative in the Portfolio Review. Reform” focused on how ESMAP is helping to t Structure of the TAG report. There was a assess the World Bank’s experience on energy request that the TAG report include an sector reforms, filling knowledge gaps by produc- overview/executive summary, and provide ing evidence, and looking at country-specific anal- more analysis on the evolution of the ESMAP yses. In response to CG questions on support for budget year to year. hydropower, the World Bank’s Global Lead for hydropower discussed the importance of a thor- Session 4: Annual Block Grants (ABGs) ough assessment of options in determining the The session focused on the importance of ABGs optimal development of hydropower resources and provided examples of their impact. ABGs pro- and highlighted the impact of upstream work in vide flexible resources that support studies and Asia and Africa. ANNEX I | PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED PROGRAMS 105 Session 5: Gender communication strategies to reach women. The The presentation on gender focused on what has CG recommended that experiences be captured been accomplished so far in terms of mainstream- from these projects and disseminated to demon- ing gender across ESMAP work, and the proposed strate how investing in gender can lead to change. approach in the new business plan. Overall: Session 6: Energy Subsidy Reform 1. Knowledge products are being produced The ESMAP team presented the key highlights of jointly with other stakeholders to draw on a ongoing activities under the energy subsidy reform wide range of experiences and to foster facility, including South-South knowledge exchange knowledge exchange. and technical assistance. In China, ESMAP sup- 2. Introduction of regional “gender and energy” ported an assessment of approaches that formed programs. The regional model was developed the basis for recommendations for policy reform under AFREA and was then replicated in EAP. and strategy. Lessons were shared across countries Going forward, ESMAP will provide funding such as Vietnam, Indonesia, Chile, and Nigeria. In and technical support to all the regions. Nigeria, the government requested a technical assis- tance lending project to strengthen capacity as a Presentations on Liberia (LIRENAP—energy result of ESMAP-supported analytical work. In access) and examples from the EAP region illus- Egypt, ESMAP helped trigger an important subsidy trated how gender was mainstreamed into proj- reform and formed the groundwork for a Develop- ects. For example, the Liberia team was able to ment Policy Lending series. In Ukraine, ESMAP sup- analyze the outcomes of the project using a gen- ported reforms through communications and der lens and the project is now providing recom- multi-sectoral studies and assessments. mendations to include female voices at the local levels. A gender minority report helped monitor The CG expressed appreciation of the progress of users of solar lanterns to understand how lan- the Energy Subsidy Reform Facility. Questions cen- terns affect women’s lives. ESMAP is also sup- tered on countries in the pipeline, ESMAP’s com- porting the government with capacity building parative advantage, how the World Bank is for gender mainstreaming. managing country demand, and ensuring sustain- ability of results. The ESMAP team noted that In the Philippines, ESMAP support helped under- demand is growing and the focus going forward stand the market and demographics for electric- will be on strengthening the cross-sectoral ity cooperatives from a gender perspective. In approach within the World Bank Group. Vietnam, ESMAP funding helped hydropower companies to reach more women through appro- Session 7: Renewable Energy (incl. ASTAE, priate channels and provide information to SIDS DOCK, AFREA) women on how to benefit from compensation and SIDS DOCK. Teams presented examples of SIDS be engaged in livelihood programs associated with DOCK support in São Tomé and Príncipe where a hydropower project. The country’s hydropower ESMAP support contributed to the preparation of company now has built capacity and an investment operation and leveraged IDA funds 106 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM for rehabilitation of hydropower plant and grid projects in 11 countries comprising 19 mapping upgrade. In Seychelles, ESMAP support resulted activities. In Vietnam, existing wind power explo- in technical assistance aiming to attract private ration by private developers has focused on sector investment. In Cape Verde, ESMAP sup- coastal areas, but the ESMAP-funded preliminary ported development of an investment in solar mapping has identified new areas in the center rooftops and associated technical assistance. SIDS and north of the country that may also be viable. DOCK is included in the new ESMAP Business In Tanzania, small hydropower mapping shows Plan but with funding that was pledged in prior 70+ promising sites; pre-feasibility studies will years. be carried out on high priority sites which can then attract private developers. The ESMAP team Global Geothermal Development Plan (GGDP). is working closely with many partners on the The team highlighted the focus of GGDP on ground, as well as IRENA. addressing risk mitigation issues in geothermal resource exploration. The plan has catalyzed VRE Integration. The session discussed the plan- about $250 million in Clean Technology Fund ning and integration studies, as well as opera- (CTF) support and it is expected to leverage tional support to utilities and grid codes, and the $1.5 billion in public and private investment. Cur- review of policy incentives. Central America and rently, ESMAP is supporting identification, prep- India were cited as examples where ESMAP sup- aration, and supervision of eight geothermal port helped customize solutions and facilitated investment operations. In addition, 11 countries the preparation of projects. The CG stressed the have benefited from technical assistance financed importance of managing potential social and envi- by ESMAP. The team emphasized the effort to ronmental issues; the team confirmed that it fol- gather and disseminate lessons learned on risk lows the World Bank guidelines and safeguard mitigation models in an effort to change appetite policies. for investment and build capacity. In conclusion, the CG requested a succinct sum- Solar Technical Assistance. Task Team Leaders mary of the overall effort on renewable energy to presented how the program is addressing coun- help them understand ESMAP’s impact and com- try barriers to developing solar technologies and parative advantage. The ESMAP team agreed to stressed its complementarity with renewable respond to this request. energy mapping and VRE. The CG suggested the inclusion of solar thermal and the team indicated Session 8: SE4All Knowledge Hub that it will consider the technology if it presents The ESMAP team’s presentation focused on the a good fit with the business plan. progress and updates of the Hub in terms of the major knowledge products such as the Multi-Tier Renewable Energy Resource Mapping. Task Framework, Global Tracking Framework, Readi- Team Leaders presented the progress and out- ness for Investment in Sustainable Energy, and comes under this theme, which now includes State of Energy Access Report. ANNEX I | PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED PROGRAMS 107 Global Tracking Framework (GTF) and Multi- Preliminary findings are available for access, effi- Tier Framework (MTF). Strong outreach for the ciency and renewable energy. The report will be GTF helped build consensus among key stake- launched in late 2016 and the ambition is to holders to form a consortium. The team also cre- expand its reach by adding other countries and ated a global database with the ambition to update dimensions such as technology, track policy sup- it on an annual basis to respond to the SDGs and port progress, and evaluate impact of policies. policy makers’ needs. The MTF has built a coali- The CG recommended that clean cooking be tion of stakeholders and published its framework. included, and the team responded that it may be The first national survey was completed in Guinea included in a second edition of the report. The and next steps include implementing the MTF in CG also recommended testing of the robustness 6–8 selected countries with the ambition of includ- of indicators with actual performance/auction ing another 10–15 high access deficit countries prices and to use the indicators to track project by 2017. On both GTF and MTF, the CG asked for interventions supported by ESMAP and the ABGs. more information to better understand interven- It also compared RISE to the World Bank’s Doing tions to improve indicators. In addition, the CG Business report and suggested using it as a tool inquired into the timeline of integrating the MTF to promote competition on access. The CG also into the GTF, and the role of MTF in the SDG requested more information of how this work agenda. The team responded that there is broad relates to the Climate Change Action Plan and the support for the GTF to continue to evolve as an Intended Nationally Determined Contributions SDG instrument though some sensitivity exists (INDCs). The ESMAP team referred to the fact among countries regarding ownership. In terms that RISE also aspires to grasp Ministers’ atten- of how universal access is defined relative to the tion as much as the Doing Business report; how- MTF, the team indicated that the value of the MTF ever, the team also stressed the importance of is its flexibility to allow diversity and help coun- being careful with ranking countries as it could tries to select the most strategic interventions and lead to controversy that may overshadow the real target the poor. With regard to the time frame of impact RISE aims to have. RISE’s relation to the integration, data would need to be integrated in INDCs and Climate Change Action Plan depends the household survey to achieve sustainability. on whether it can provide useful input to enable The CG also inquired if heating and cooling could countries to see where they stand and highlight be potentially included to which the team where policies are needed to have maximum responded positively. impact on global outcomes. Readiness for Investment in Sustainable Energy Status of Energy Access Report (SEAR). This (RISE). The ESMAP team has created a database report is being prepared by the ESMAP team in with data from 111 countries with a set of indica- partnership with several international organiza- tors to assess government support to sustainable tions, NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agen- energy investments. The data captures 96 percent cies. Partners have contributed specific pieces or of the population, 91 percent of global energy con- special features on nexus topics with energy access sumption and 97 percent of global access deficit. development (i.e., energy access and food and 108 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM agriculture, energy access and gender). SEAR pres- became part of a larger, $330 million World Bank ents impact evaluations of energy projects in Ban- project to help Kenya Power expand and modern- gladesh (productive use of energy), Bolivia (solar ize the country’s electricity sector. Other exam- home system development), Kenya (improved ples included the Ethiopia Market Development cookstove penetration) and Laos (grid extension). of Renewable Energy/Energy Efficient Products It is now finalizing the case studies, developing where ESMAP support initiated policy dialogue videos on energy access stories in Bolivia, Kenya, on Off-Grid Solar and informed preparation and Bangladesh, and India and focusing on strong out- implementation of concessional financing, and reach and communications efforts with the ambi- the support to Nigeria for Energy Access Enhance- tion to launch in the fall of 2016. ment, a multiyear program focusing on Northern Nigeria that helped to establish data driven Session 9: Energy Access national strategy for access rollout. In this session, the ESMAP team presented an overview of access activities and their strategic ESCALATE. The IFC team also discussed how context as guided by the SDG7. The presentation ESCALATE works with ESMAP to bring in the pri- highlighted the importance of partnership, inno- vate sector for more investment and innovation. vation, programmatic and transformative The CG sought clarity regarding ESCALATE’s rel- approaches, transparency and flexibility. The team evance and ability to scale up rather than remain- also stressed ESMAP’s crucial role in this agenda ing a pilot. They also expressed their interest in in sharing knowledge and building capacity learning more about the benefits and risks to coun- through its focal areas such as Energy Access for tries. The ESMAP team explained that ESCALATE the Urban Poor, green mini grids, off-grid solar is complementary, on top of the main programs, technical assistance, SE4All technical assistance and a response to the interest to look at commer- program, and efficient and clean cooking and cial markets, more investment and innovation. heating that have linkages to thematic areas such as renewable energy and efficiency. The team dis- Clean Cooking. The team presented ESMAP’s cussed ESCALATE as a cross-cutting theme focus- work in Clean Cooking highlighting its engage- ing on the private sector, the role of ABGs in ment in more than 20 countries with the aim to providing customized solutions to countries and achieve scale through greater public awareness, regional initiatives such as ASTAE and AFREA innovation, and more public and private financ- supporting specific countries and regional issues. ing. ESMAP’s support is also critical at monetiz- ing climate, health, and gender co-benefits to Results Examples. Kenya Power has gone from drive support for this agenda. For example, in Lao 5,000 households to over 150,000 in just one year. PDR, where deteriorating health due to air pollu- The utility launched an informal urban settle- tion from cook stoves is impacting the country’s ments program, using a community-based gross domestic product, ESMAP is supporting an approach to unlock large investments and resolve effort to monetize health benefits. In India, legal, social and affordability issues. The program ESMAP and ASTAE resources helped to map the was supported through GPOBA and ESMAP and perspectives of civil society and stakeholders on ANNEX I | PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED PROGRAMS 109 clean cooking which was then used to build con- interventions. In EAP, ESMAP support is helping sensus for a focused effort around public health the city of Surabaya in two parallel work streams: benefits of clean cooking. In the Kyrgyz Repub- i) building local capacity to enable the city to lic, ESMAP supported an assessment to develop develop a roadmap and pursue an energy effi- an action plan with recommended investments ciency and low carbon development agenda to and implementation steps for clean and efficient meet the city’s energy challenges; and ii) devel- heating solutions. This contributed to reforms and oping an energy efficient streetlighting retrofit plan financing was sought for prioritized investment for implementation with private sector participa- packages. tion. In ECA, ESMAP is funding work that focuses on the public sector and markets, particularly in The CG emphasized that the access agenda is a buildings and in creating sustainable financing key priority—especially with SDG7—and that it mechanisms. In Mexico, the results of TRACE diag- would like to see ESMAP and the World Bank sig- nostics in two cities led the Ministry of Energy to nificantly strengthen efforts in this area. The expand such diagnostics in another 30 cities across ESMAP Program Manager responded that increas- the country and rollout a National Energy Effi- ing the level of ambition is feasible if the CG could ciency Plan. The city energy diagnostics built the also consider increasing resource allocation for foundation for Mexico’s municipal energy effi- access and rethink the balance of the overall Busi- ciency project, supported by a $100 million IBRD ness Plan funding. ESMAP’s Business Plan loan (approved in March 2016). This national proj- responds to the IEG evaluation and aligned with ect has a cross-sectoral focus, supporting energy the SE4All targets and ESMAP would be open to efficiency investments in public lighting, munici- rebalancing if the CG gives a clear signal to re- pal buildings and water pumping. ESMAP contin- allocate already existing resources for access. ues to provide critical support throughout the preparation of the project. In Brazil, ESMAP is Partner Coordination. In addition, the CG dis- supporting the development of innovative and cussed the importance of coordinating action with financially sustainable business models and development partners on the ground to which the financing mechanisms—particularly in public ESMAP team pointed out several examples of lighting and industrial energy efficiency—that have existing collaboration with bilateral agencies such the potential to be significantly scaled up. To this as DFID, GIZ and USAID, and agreed to do more end, and given the promising results obtained, the in terms of outreach. team will present a proposal to the Green Climate Fund to fully develop and implement these mech- Session 10: Energy Efficiency anisms. The IFC team presented the ESMAP- The session focused on examples from the EAP, supported EDGE platform for promoting ECA and LCR regions to show ESMAP’s instru- resource-efficient buildings and to identify com- mental support in pioneering systemic approaches mercially viable opportunities. To date, more than and encouraging dialogue to improve city services 800,000 square meters have been certified, and and sustainability through energy efficiency plans point to a significant increase globally. 110 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM CG members pointed out that energy efficiency TRACE, ISO 50,001 and others), to support and should be linked to overall energy reform efforts, inform urban development decision making. They and asked about the impact of current low energy highlighted the broad scope for collaboration. The prices on countries’ commitment to implement ESMAP team agreed with this and expressed its energy efficiency actions. The ESMAP team also willingness to collaborate. In addition, CG mem- recognized the strong link of energy efficiency to bers stressed the importance of working with energy sector reform, for example, when imple- other sectors to which the ESMAP team men- menting subsidy reform where energy efficiency tioned that this program had established connec- can mitigate the negative impact of higher energy tions with teams working on energy access and tariffs on households. The team acknowledged renewable energy, as well as with several World that low energy prices could reduce the attrac- Bank Global Practices such as Urban, Transport tiveness of energy efficiency, but highlighted that and Water, in addition to the IFC. CG members due to the many benefits of energy efficiency, gov- also noted that the strong linkages with SE4All ernments can take normative action to promote provides support in a number of energy efficiency it, such as building codes and labeling of appli- activities such as workshops to build the road- ances. CG members picked up on the importance maps and institutional capacity. The SE4All of good governance, as highlighted by the case of Energy Efficiency Hub, in particular, was high- Surabaya. They also noted the importance of pro- lighted and the ESMAP team mentioned that it is viding municipal authorities with information and already collaborating in a number of activities guidance, as well as raising their awareness on with SE4All. the available tools (e.g., Energy Efficiency Award, ANNEX I | PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED PROGRAMS 111 ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, The following table gives a quantitative summary FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, of ESMAP’s results for fiscal year 2016. For the AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS latest details of ESMAP’s activities, development INFORMED outcomes achieved, and monitoring and evalua- tion framework, go to www.esmap.org and click During FY2016, ESMAP activities have contrib- on the Results tab. uted to the identification and design of $1.3 bil- lion of World Bank IDA and IBRD financing, which, in turn, leveraged an additional $370 mil- lion from other partners. TABLE A2.1 Summary of ESMAP Results, FY2016 OBJECTIVE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS RELATED ESMAP ACTIVITIES Outcomes Development Existing operations 4 Existing operations informed Financing Informed informed 1 | Electricity System 1 | AFREA II—Africa Electrification Enhancement Project (Liberia, Initiative Client countries Government P120660) provided with just- expenditure informed 2 | Additional Financing for Energy 2 | AFREA II—Africa Electrification in-time technical Development and Access Initiative assistance for pre- Mobilization of Project (Ghana, P147878) investment activities non-Bank resources 3 | Rural Electrification Hybrid 3 | AFREA II—Mali: Support to necessary to resolve informed System Project (Mali, P131084) Energy Services Access program design 4 | Electric Power Project 4 | Development of Myanmar issues and offer Preparation of new (Myanmar, P143988) National Electrification additional options operation informed Program 10 New operations informed 5 | First Programmatic Energy 5 | Jordan Energy Sector and Water Sector Reforms Assistance: NEPCO Developmental Policy Loan Restructuring, Procurement (Jordan, P154299) Review, LNG Capacity Building 6 | Hubei Xiaogan Logistics 6 | China: Green logistics for Infrastructure (China, P132562) Chinese municipalities: application in Xiaogan and beyond 7 | Wuhan Integrated Transport 7 | China: Wuhan integrated Development (China, P148294) transport development project—learning from best international practice in smart transport and EE 8 | Urban Development Project 8 | Kyrgyz Republic: Urban (Kyrgyz Republic, P151416) Development Project 112 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.1 Continued Summary of ESMAP Results, FY2016 OBJECTIVE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS RELATED ESMAP ACTIVITIES 9 | Electricity Network 9 | AFREA II—Lighting Africa Reinforcement and Expansion Expansion Project (ENREP) Additional Financing (Ethiopia, P155563) 10 | Rural Electrification 10 | AFREA II—Lighting Africa Expansion Program (Tanzania, Expansion P153781) 11 | Liberia Renewable Energy 11 | AFREA II—Lighting Africa Access Project (Liberia, Expansion P149683) 12 | Electricity Access Expansion 12 | AFREA II—Niger Electricity Project (Niger, P153743) Access Expansion 13 | Power Sector Financial Recovery Program (Armenia, 13 | Armenia Financial recovery of P157571) the power sector 14 | Municipal Energy Efficiency 14 | International Conference on Project (Mexico, P149872) Energy Efficiency In Cities 15 | Mexico Municipal Energy Efficiency Project Policy & Strategy Government policy/ 24 outcomes ™ Niger Electricity Access Informed and Client strategy informed Expansion Capacity Increased ™ South Sudan Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project Increased ™ Seychelles: Improving institutional capacity Electricity Planning of ESMAP client ™ Developing Low-Carbon countries to plan, Strategy for Shenzhen manage, and regulate ™ Developing an Innovative Energy the implementation Efficiency Financing Mechanism of policies, strategies, in China and programs that ™ Philippines Power Sector deliver clean, reliable, Strategy—VRE Distribution Grid and affordable energy Code services required ™ Power Market Structure Options by their citizens for for Kazakhstan poverty reduction ™ Tariff Setting Methodology and environmentally ™ Armenia: Financial Recovery of sustainable economic the Power Sector growth ™ Efficiency Improvements of the District Heating System in the Kyrgyz Republic ™ Georgia Power Sector Strategy ™ Ukraine: Moving Forward Energy Tariffs Reforms ™ Uzbekistan: Impact of Energy Subsidies—Way Forward ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 113 TABLE A2.1 Continued Summary of ESMAP Results, FY2016 OBJECTIVE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS RELATED ESMAP ACTIVITIES ™ Deploying new solar technologies for isolated rural areas: supporting their adoption in LCR ™ Delivery of Technical Assistance to the Government of Panama to Reduce Barriers for the Development and Use of Renewable Energy and EE ™ Mexico: Supporting a low- carbon economy ™ Energy Efficiency Action Plan ™ Egypt: Phase II of Subsidy Reforms technical assistance from the Energy Subsidy Reform and Delivery Technical Assistance Facility ™ Afghanistan “Energy Security Trade-Offs under High Uncertainty” ™ Scaling Up Energy Efficiency and Demand-Side Management Business Line in South Asia ™ Open Accessibility Planning for Integrated and Inclusive Transport in Dhaka ™ Bangladesh: Energy Efficiency Improvement Program in Industries ™ International Experience with Private Sector Participation in Power Grids ™ Piloting Multi-Tier Energy Access Metric Public debate 3 outcomes ™ China: Wuhan Integrated stimulated/initiated Transport Development Project—learning from best international practice in smart transport and EE ™ Ukraine: Moving Forward Energy Tariffs Reforms ™ India: State-Level Dissemination of India Power Sector Review 114 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.1 Continued Summary of ESMAP Results, FY2016 OBJECTIVE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS RELATED ESMAP ACTIVITIES Contributed to 1 outcome ™ Ukraine Moving Forward Energy stakeholder Tariffs Reforms involvement Development 2 outcomes ™ Uzbekistan Impact of Energy community/partner Subsidies—Way Forward policy/strategy ™ New Models to Scale Up Power informed Generation Investments in Africa Bank country strategy 2 outcomes ™ West Bank and Gaza Energy informed/influenced Efficiency Action Plan ™ Role of Subsidies: Financing Electricity Supply and Providing Affordable Access in Sub-Saharan Africa Bank sector strategy 1 outcome ™ Review of Hydropower informed/influenced Development in Africa Design capacity 9 outcomes ™ Niger Electricity Access strengthened Expansion ™ Ukraine Moving Forward Energy Tariffs Reforms ™ China Wuhan integrated transport development project—learning from best international practice in smart transport and EE ™ Mali Support to Energy Services Access ™ Thirsty Energy: The Case of China ™ Moldova Power Sector Note ™ Mexico Supporting a low-carbon economy ™ Guatemala Wind and Solar Integration Study ™ West Bank and Gaza Energy Efficiency Action Plan ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 115 TABLE A2.1 Continued Summary of ESMAP Results, FY2016 OBJECTIVE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS RELATED ESMAP ACTIVITIES Implementation 11 outcomes ™ South Sudan Energy Sector capacity strengthened Technical Assistance Project ™ China Fossil Fuel Subsidy Study ™ Myanmar Economic Cost of Natural Gas Study ™ Macedonia Municipal Energy Efficiency Promotion ™ Kyrgyz Republic Efficiency Improvements of the District Heating System ™ LCR Urban Energy Efficiency ™ Egypt: Phase II of Subsidy Reforms Technical Assistance from the Energy Subsidy Reform and Delivery Technical Assistance Facility ™ Iraq Best Practice: Public Investment in Power Infrastructure ™ Jordan Energy Sector Assistance: NEPCO Restructuring, Procurement Review, LNG Capacity Building ™ India: Efficient & Sustainable City Bus Services—Capacity Building Program in Fuel Efficiency ™ Data Analytics for Intelligent Energy Systems M&E capacity 1 outcome ™ Georgia Power Sector Strategy increased Client is recognized with good practice or similar awards 116 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.1 Continued Summary of ESMAP Results, FY2016 OBJECTIVE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS RELATED ESMAP ACTIVITIES Knowledge Facilitated exchange 13 outcomes ™ AFREA II: New Models to Increased/Deepened of best practice with Scale Up Power Generation and Innovative clients Investments in Africa Approaches & ™ AFREA II: African Rural Solutions Generated Electrification Concession ™ Electricity Market Simulation ESMAP-supported Model of Vietnam research and ™ Energy Reform Milestones and analyses strengthen Challenges the sector’s ™ Knowledge Sharing and EE knowledge and Outreach evidence base to ™ Kyrgyz Republic: Urban deliver improved Development Project clean energy access, ™ Achieving Energy Efficient energy efficiency, Urban Transport in Cities in and generation in Latin America developing countries ™ LCR Urban Energy Efficiency ™ International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Cities ™ Gender Mainstreaming in Energy Sector in South Asia ™ India: Efficient & Sustainable City Bus Services—Capacity Building Program in Fuel Efficiency ™ Bangladesh: Energy Efficiency Improvement Program in Industries ™ Enhancing Knowledge Sharing on Subsidy Reforms: Case Studies on Political Economy of Energy Subsidy Reform Facilitated exchange 2 outcomes ™ AFREA II: Mali Support to of best practice with Energy Services Access partners ™ Ukraine: Moving Forward Energy Tariffs Reforms ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 117 TABLE A2.1 Continued Summary of ESMAP Results, FY2016 OBJECTIVE INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENTS RELATED ESMAP ACTIVITIES Disseminated best 7 outcomes ™ Piloting Multi-Tier Energy practices Access Metric ™ AFREA II: Power and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa ™ Lighting Africa Expansion ™ Niger Electricity Access Expansion ™ AFREA II: Review of Hydropower Development in Africa ™ Scaling Up Energy Efficiency and Demand-Side Management Business Line in South Asia ™ International Experience with Private Sector Participation in Power Grids New innovative approach fostered New innovative 7 outcomes ™ India: State-Level approach developed Dissemination of India Power Sector Review ™ AFREA II: Power and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa ™ Lighting Africa Expansion ™ AFREA II: Review of Hydropower Development in Africa ™ Tanzania: Cycle mapping for improved urban mobility ™ Inclusive Green Growth for EAP Cities ™ Data Analytics for Intelligent Energy Systems Other action/behavior adopted or observed Outputs Analytical Services & # of Research (ASA) Total # of Outputs: 164 Analytics (ASA)* and Knowledge ASA Outputs: 109 and Knowledge Products Published Knowledge Products: 55 Products**, Academic # Academic Mentions 171 Mentions/References # Impact Stories 2 of ESMAP Products/ Developed and Knowledge, Impact Disseminated Stories # of Peer-Reviewed 1 Peer-Reviewed Research Published Research *Previously classified as Economic Sector Work (ESW) and Technical Assistance (TA) at The World Bank. The new Advisory Services & Analytics (ASA) product line was introduced July 2016; activities have been retroactively reclassified. **Knowledge Products (not a part of ASA) are intended for Bank Staff and aim to support operations through production, retention, and dissemination of knowledge, often shared with external audiences, adding value to the product. (OPCS, World Bank) 118 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.2 ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 AFRICA RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS PROGRAM (AFREA) 1 Analytical Services & Analytical Reports; Hands-On Advice and Technical Assistance; Policy Notes and Analytics* Presentations; and Impact Evaluations Liberia Pre-feasibility study on hybrid renewable energy-diesel isolated mini grids Liberia Shield Wire Scheme: Manual for planning, design, construction and operation Ghana Mini/micro grid business models and regulations workshop and assessment AFR Revised TOR to hire an NGO/firm to assist in the implementation of the project component; Revised TOR to jumpstart the implementation by enabling cookstove producers/manufacturers to receive grants for advertisements, consumer outreach activities AFR Study to develop strategic directions for interventions on solar energy in Sub-Saharan Africa by the Africa Energy Group AFR Advisory and Operational Support on Gender Mainstreaming: PCN Screening Process, Program Management; Advisory Services for Projects; Operational Support for Projects Uganda Uganda Capacity Building and National Policy proposal Cote d’Ivoire, The case study series presents the experiences of countries where IPPs of the key typologies Cameroon, Ethiopia, and major generation investments financed from Chinese sources are identified. Countries: Ghana, Kenya, Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Mauritius, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zambia Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia AFR Africa-wide stocktaking of power demand of agriculture value chains Gabon Inventory of infrastructure in the rural areas of Gabon and cost estimates Gabon Organizational diagnosis and capacity building needs of the National Council for Water and Electricity Gabon Benchmarking of costs of basic rural services and infrastructure 2 Knowledge Toolkits, Operational Guides, Models, Handbooks, Databases, Internal and External Products** Trainings, Forums, and Workshops AFR Study tour of key Zambian energy stakeholders to Namibia and Ghana, for learning from practitioners the benefits of low cost technologies for rural electrification AFR Customizable Excel model designed to generate high-level projections to inform advocacy for lowering trade barriers to clean and improved cookstoves. WTP/CA assessment for Uganda AFR Workshop and presentation on LPG Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso, Cote Study tour in Burkina Faso and workshops in Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia and Sierra Leone to d’Ivoire, Liberia, exchange experiences on Low Cost Electrification Technology support Sierra Leone AFR Dissemination: KP and presentation in Hydro 2015 conference CLEAN ENERGY 1 Analytical Services & Analytical Reports; Hands-On Advice and Technical Assistance; Policy Notes and Analytics* Presentations; and Impact Evaluations Indonesia Geospatial mapping, least cost electrification planning Papua New Guinea Wind resource maps and associated datasets together with a final report that describes the resource methodology and results Philippines Report and Workshop on the assessment of the impact of VRE systems ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 119 TABLE A2.2 Continued ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 Philippines Report: Review of international experience in connecting VRE at distribution voltages Philippines Report and Workshop: Revised Grid Code for the connection of small–medium VRE systems to the distribution network Argentina, Bolivia Document summarizing the technical improvements required to meet the Lighting Global Minimum Quality Standards and advisory services to reach these Argentina, Bolivia Study: Deploying new solar technologies for isolated rural areas: supporting their adoption in the LCR region Argentina, Bolivia Surveys: Field surveys in different Eco-Regions of Bolivia and Argentina to determine consumer preference and field performance Maldives Preliminary Mesoscale maps: Existing data was gathered and preliminary Mesoscale maps were built using satellite data, atmospheric models and existing ground measurement Pakistan Biomass resource maps (GIS layers), associated datasets, final report describing resource potential, methodology and results; strategic environmental assessment Nepal Preliminary Mesoscale Mapping: Maps of satellite-derived wind data and map of Meteorological Stations/Wind Masts and Elevation at different resolutions Sri Lanka Review of the CEB 2015–2034 Long-Term Generation Expansion Plan 2 Knowledge Products Toolkits, Operational Guides, Models, Handbooks, Databases, Internal and External Trainings, Forums, and Workshops Pakistan Stakeholder workshops to present the methodology, results and the strategic environmental assessment Global Knowledge exchange events and BBLs ENERGY ACCESS 1 Analytical Services & Analytical Reports; Hands-On Advice and Technical Assistance; Policy Notes Analytics* and Presentations; and Impact Evaluations Nigeria Economic and Financial Analysis of Investment projects in Electricity Access Nigeria Analysis of average cost of electricity: (1) analysis of electricity average cost; (2) presentation and discussion with authorities of tariff setting options and principles; (3) capacity building of Ministry & Nigelec to set and review tariffs Nigeria Discussion with the Nigerian authorities on international best practices for structuring regulatory agency and drafting electricity law including regulatory aspects Nigeria Assessment of the supply options for the short and medium term Nigeria Technical preparation of investment program in selected sites South Sudan Terms of Reference and Related Preparation and Implementation Plans South Sudan Preparation of the Inception report for the Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project Myanmar A GIS-based least cost electrification planning system was put into place and an analytic basis for electrification planning was established Myanmar Universal access roadmap and investment prospectus developed for a national electrification program (URL) El Salvador, Investment prospectus for Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua: includes near- and medium- Guatemala, term implementation and financing plans Honduras, Nicaragua El Salvador, National cookstove standards and certification procedures: design of financing products for Guatemala, producers, distributors, and consumers Honduras, Nicaragua 120 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.2 Continued ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 India Assessment report for review of the SCADA and distribution control center, which enables the client to be well informed while determining technical specifications and costing of key equipment for use by the Andhra Discoms Global Survey Questionnaires and Structure of Analytical Report was finalized based on feedback from early pilots in select countries 2 Knowledge Products Toolkits, Operational Guides, Models, Handbooks, Databases, Internal and External Trainings, Forums, and Workshops South Sudan Capacity Building: Support for the development of the program design as well as in the preparation of the TOR/RFP and bidding documents for carrying out capacity building activities, including in-house training, workshops and seminars South Sudan Off-Grid Access: Support for the development of the program design as well as the TOR/RFP and bidding documents to launch an off-grid rural electrification program, including support for analytical approaches for gender targeting as well as selecting rural communities South Sudan Inception workshop for the Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project Myanmar Local media briefing and interaction in four cities accompanied by social media campaign Myanmar Workshop: Understanding the energy sector and the topic of electricity access in Myanmar Myanmar Building institutional capacity for national electrification: Policy consultants, training programs and study tours ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES 1 Analytical Services & Analytical Reports; Hands-On Advice and Technical Assistance; Policy Notes Analytics* and Presentations; and Impact Evaluations Seychelles Report (“Improving Electricity Planning—Least cost expansion plan”) and workshop describing the least cost planning exercise methodology and recommendations Philippines Report: Study of Regulatory Process Efficiency for EC Investment Plans and associated draft submission to ERC China Technical Report: Taxonomy of fossil energy subsidies and quantification methods Vietnam Development of computer models of Vietnam’s power system and training clients in the use of that model Vietnam Approach and methodology for subsidy quantification, international experience with fuel subsidies Myanmar Report Economic Costs of Natural Gases: Review of Myanmar gas supply and demand balance Myanmar Mathematical model for economic costs calculations and impact on Myanmar’s exports and government revenue Turkey Implementation of the User Association “Action Plans” Kazakhstan Sector Issues Note which assesses the current state of the sector, its regulatory environment, operational and financial performance, the current and forecasted demand and supply balance of electricity Kyrgyz Republic Design of a communication strategy and development of a performance accountability and feedback mechanism Kyrgyz Republic Report defining the methodology for setting end-user power and heating tariffs for customer classes Kyrgyz Republic Methodology to determine the revenue requirement for the regulated power and heating sector companies Kyrgyz Republic Report defining the revenue requirement for the regulated power and heating sector companies. ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 121 TABLE A2.2 Continued ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 Albania, Bosnia and Identification of Key Stakeholders: Stakeholder reference lists by country Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia Albania, Bosnia and Activity reference database: Stocktaking of Biomass Heating Data, Assessments and Initiatives Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia Armenia Financial diagnostics report: Includes analysis of the financial standing of the state-owned power companies, analysis of the causes of their financial distress with detailed focus on financial investments, payables and receivables, liquidity and overall solvency Armenia Financial recovery plan: Includes corporate-level recommendations on improvement of the financial standing as well as broader legal and regulatory improvements that may be needed to avoid financial distress in the future to ensure the sustainability of results Moldova Report on District Heating and Electricity Tariff and Affordability Analysis in Moldova Georgia Energy Sector Issues Paper which addresses high level strategic issues in the energy sector and builds on the existing Government’s energy sector strategies and sector development plans Ukraine Communication plan: Support to the Government to develop the second phase of the information campaign Uzbekistan Least cost planning analysis: A model of the Uzbekistan system and a short report summarizing the key input assumptions and methodology on the least cost planning analysis Uzbekistan Diagnostic analysis of the sector: PPT presentation that covers the fiscal impact of energy subsidies in the gas, electricity and heat sectors, a sector tariff analysis for gas, electricity and heating, metering and consumption based billing Guatemala Report on best practices in sustainable hydropower development Jamaica Development of an Integrated Resource Plan and a road map for implementation that includes an assessment of the least cost electricity supply plan for Jamaica and options for reducing demand through energy efficiency LCR Regional Study to evaluate the effects of various energy pricing mechanisms used in Latin America and the Caribbean and analyze the extent to which they are aligned with poverty reduction and shared prosperity objectives Honduras Management support to ENEE for implementation of PROMEF IMS LCR An Excel-Based tool for Assessing Energy in Agriculture Value Chains was implemented. The tool is accompanied by a short guide on how to maximize the use of the tool Guatemala Three reports were prepared that present the techno-economic analysis made to evaluate the maximum penetration of wind & solar power in Guatemala’s SNI for 2015, 2016 and 2018, and 2020 Belize Analysis of energy system in Belize that evaluates vulnerabilities including identification of exposure to extreme weather events Belize Identification of sector specific interventions for initiating a process of engaging in national climate adaptation planning Iraq Indicative Project Pipeline, based on modern power system planning techniques, and economic and financial analysis of investments Iraq Standard Project Documentation: Feasibility Study, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Risk Mitigation, Procurement 122 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.2 Continued ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 Jordan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Capacity Building/Training: Development of local capacity in the area of LNG market fundamentals, operations, contract management and utilization strategy Nepal Mechanism for NEA to manage and prevent conflicts with energy projects Nepal Review conflicts under transmission line and hydropower projects Global Executive summary and literature review: Synthesis of the results of case studies into a single chapter, which presents the analytical framework, includes a broader literature review, and provides lessons from the case studies Global Ghana Case Study: Documentation of the country context, including the macro-fiscal, social, and political setting in which the reforms took place as detailed in the conceptual framework 2 Knowledge Products Toolkits, Operational Guides, Models, Handbooks, Databases, Internal and External Trainings, Forums, and Workshops Nigeria Internal World Bank policy note Vietnam Stakeholder Workshops: Workshops for consultations with stakeholders on the output Myanmar Workshops on Economic Costs of Natural Gas: A series of workshops to consult with study counterparts, share the results, and provide trainings on economic modelling Ukraine Capacity building to design and implement targeted social protection programs: Workshop materials, workshop, study tour Ukraine Follow-up quantitative and qualitative impact assessment of the energy subsidies reforms: Presentation, short report, and workshop with the Government and donors, and a separate workshop with media and CSOs Ukraine Preliminary analysis of the performance of the new social protection program: PPT presentation, short report, workshop, adjusted operational manual for the social protection program Ukraine At least 15 regional trainings for journalists took place and training materials were provided ECA Organization of learning events such as BBLs and prepare knowledge briefs to showcase the successful operations and also to share the lessons learnt Guatemala Dissemination of report of best practices in sustainable hydropower development Jamaica Two sessions of consultative workshops LCR A workshop in Costa Rica and a workshop in Mexico to train client counterparts on the Excel tools, and present the case studies Haiti A note was prepared for presenting the estimations of the fiscal costs, the distributional effects, and the price effects of possible reform options Nepal Capacity building of NEA, Government agencies and CSOs in conflict management Nepal Special screenings and debates among key stakeholders ENERGY EFFICIENCY 1 Analytical Services & Analytical Reports; Hands-On Advice and Technical Assistance; Policy Notes Analytics* and Presentations; and Impact Evaluations Tanzania Cycle Mobility Dataset: This output provides for cycle routes in Dar es Salaam, both formal and informal. Data is published on Open Street Map and made available as GTFS datasets China For the development of Shenzhen Low-carbon City Road Map: Summary report on Shenzhen’s existing studies and policies, MAC curve analysis and low-carbon development road map with policy options and mechanisms Indonesia Institutional and Industry Capacity Review of the Government’s and industry’s capability to fund, plan, regulate, and operate an integrated bus-based public transport network on a “buy-the-service” basis ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 123 TABLE A2.2 Continued ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 Indonesia Operator Contractual Arrangements Advisory: Assistance to the city to formulate an appropriate draft contract for Angkot operating services Indonesia Policy note and facilitated discussion on new vehicle financing options Indonesia Policy note on consultation strategy: Leveraging on existing capability, assistance to the city government to plan the development of the capabilities and resources needed Indonesia Assistance to the city government to review the details of the institutional structure and reforms, and contracting arrangements proposed in CDIA’s Pre-Feasibility study Indonesia Progress report on outcome of discussions with stakeholders China Analysis and organization of the knowledge and information collected from the literature review, case studies, and interviews to build an analytical framework for Smart City and Intelligent Transportation System energy benefits China Literature review note for obtaining the state of the art of current research in this field China Report: Preliminary design of an energy efficiency or Green Fund that includes domestic experience of green fund and recommendations of innovative financing mechanism for China China Development of institutional capacity that enabled the city to develop its energy efficient and green growth business plan and using it to attract public private investments Macedonia Pilot for municipal energy efficiency action plans and projects Belarus Assessment of options for financing and delivery of large-scale building retrofit programs Belarus Baseline study, as part of the integrated study Kyrgyz Republic Development of a road map for scaling up investments: Study report in the form of a policy note which presents the main findings and recommendations, including sequencing of actions and timelines Kyrgyz Republic Detailed investment and implementation plan to improve efficiency and reliability of the DH network operated by Bishkekteploset Kyrgyz Republic Specific policy recommendations and time-bound transition plan to move towards consumption-based billing Kyrgyz Republic Pre-feasibility studies for the street lightning and water and sanitation systems in 3–4 towns Kyrgyz Republic TRACE studies completed in 3-4 towns in Kyrgyzstan Ukraine Assessment and benchmarking of the public transport systems of Kyiv Ukraine Recommendations to improve the public transport systems of Kyiv West Bank & Gaza Energy Efficiency Action Plan for West Bank and Gaza: Defines practical steps to promote wider implementation of the identified energy efficiency measures in the short to medium term West Bank & Gaza Energy Efficiency Potential in West Bank and Gaza: Assesses the potential benefits of energy efficiency measures, in terms of cost savings to the Palestinian Authority and emission savings to the environment West Bank & Gaza A summary report highlighting the support provided by the Energy Efficiency expert Sri Lanka Report- Assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from transport in the Colombo Metropolitan Region Sri Lanka A low carbon future scenario was developed for CMR’s urban transport sector. Based on the scenario, greenhouse gas emissions are assessed and compared with the baseline scenario Sri Lanka A pre-feasibility study for one of the mode integration projects at railway stations in CMR was conducted Bangladesh Summary Report: Accessibility planning pilot on a BRT corridor Bangladesh Report: Assessment, Development and Overall Design of Energy Efficiency Improvement Implementation Program in Industries 124 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.2 Continued ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 Afghanistan, Preparation of Country Energy Efficiency Strategic Road Map: Delivery of solutions Bangladesh, India, and business models for implementing energy efficiency in South Asia Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Afghanistan, Report: Strengthening the Energy Efficiency Institutional Architecture for Industry Bangladesh, India, and Capacity Building Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Global Efficient Street Lighting case studies: Series of 6 case studies on public lighting LED delivery models Global Design and implementation of four pilot projects demonstrating the use cases of open source models of advanced data analytics Global Research and documentation of opportunities and challenges related to advanced data analytics for urban energy efficiency 2 Knowledge Products Toolkits, Operational Guides, Models, Handbooks, Databases, Internal and External Trainings, Forums, and Workshops Tanzania Cycle Data Training and Community Engagement China Report, workshop, journal article for submission: This component completes the final report and carries out its dissemination; Workshops for disseminating the study findings within and outside China Macedonia Information dissemination: Two case studies, two guidance notes, options paper for financing municipal energy efficiency beyond MSIP Kyrgyz Republic City workshops: To present preliminary results and main recommendations from the TRACE studies ECA Awareness raising products: High-level policy note and flagship presentation on energy efficiency ECA Knowledge sharing: Two Live Wires, one on industrial energy efficiency programs and the other on ESCO market development Jamaica, Brazil National Urban Energy Efficiency Workshop in Colombia Jamaica, Brazil National-level workshop for Secondary Cities in Mexico together with input to a Guidebook of Best Practices of Urban Energy Use in LCR Brazil Energy Efficiency in Public Street Lighting: Several business models were prepared for at least two configurations of public street lighting at municipal levels Mexico Clean energy and energy efficiency workshop and conference on topics related to clean energy and energy efficiency Mexico Knowledge exchanges with other countries which have successfully expanded renewable energy in their matrix, for instance: Brazil, Colombia and Peru Mexico International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Cities Brazil Dissemination events West Bank & Gaza The final dissemination workshop was financed and organized by the French Development Agency (AFD) in coordination with PENRA and the World Bank Supporting knowledge exchange on the water-energy nexus: A summary report from the workshop, detailing lessons learned and experiences exchanged Sri Lanka Dissemination workshop: The output of the activities was presented to the stakeholders and further steps were discussed ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 125 TABLE A2.2 Continued ESMAP Program Outputs, FY2016 Bangladesh Data sharing, knowledge exchange and training for the presentation of the technical notes acquired during the project India Performance Reports: Review of available Guidelines and Materials and practices for Fuel Efficiency in Bus Operations and development of standard materials for the Indian context; the draft guidelines and manuals were tested on 3 pilot cities India Workshops and Training events organized with Ministry of Urban Development to propagate the use of and assist with adoption of fuel conserving techniques to State Transport Undertakings (STUs) and private operators across India. Afghanistan, Workshop: Review of the work done in South Asia and review of Global Energy Efficiency Bangladesh, India, Experience and applicability to South Asia Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Bangladesh Workshop: Strengthening the Energy Efficiency Institutional Architecture for Industry and Capacity Building Global E-learning course on Energy Efficiency in Cities Global Streetlighting LED BBL—half-day learning event on Scaling-up LED Lighting Deployment: Implementation and Financial Solutions Global Dissemination and knowledge exchange of experiences and insights from the research, the online survey and the pilot projects GENDER AND SOCIAL INCLUSION 2 Knowledge Products Toolkits, Operational Guides, Models, Handbooks, Databases, Internal and External Trainings, Forums, and Workshops Global Self-paced course designed and completed and can be accessed through the ESMAP website and the World Bank’s On-Line Training Campus. Course materials (presentations, speaking points, resources) used as inputs into various face-to-face trainings and events RESULTS-BASED FINANCING 1 Analytical Services & Analytical Reports; Hands-On Advice and Technical Assistance; Policy Notes and Analytics* Presentations; and Impact Evaluations Lao People’s Design of Health Impact Result Based Financing Mechanism and Final Reports including Democratic Republic academic journal publications Lao People’s Health Impact Study Report Democratic Republic Lao People’s Social Acceptability Study Report: Field trials of sample households with selected improved Democratic Republic high efficiency wood burning cookstoves *Previously classified as Economic Sector Work (ESW) and Technical Assistance (TA) at The World Bank. The new Advisory Services & Analytics (ASA) product line was introduced July 2016; activities have been retroactively reclassified. 126 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.3 ESMAP Lending Operations Informed and Related World Bank Corporate and Project Results Indicators, FY2014–16 FY2016 INVESTMENT LEVERAGED WORLD BANK ($ MILLION) TARGET INDICATORS ESMAP PROJECT OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY CO2 DIRECT ACTIVITY (IDA/IBRD/GEF) WB FINANCIERS TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS MITIGATION BENEFICIARIES OTHER AFREA II— Electricity  113,700 Africa System USAID 2 People provided with access to electricity by HHs connections: 113,700 Electrification Enhancement 10 Norad 20 53 Average interruption frequency per year in the project area: 15% Initiative Project (Liberia, GPOBA 10 Connections to electricity grid: 26,100 P120660) AFREA II— Additional    1,950,000 Africa Financing Electricity losses per year in the project area: 20% Electrification for Energy Tones of CO2 Avoided through the adoption of Renewable Energy: 250,000 Initiative Development 60 — 60 and Access Project (Ghana, P147878) AFREA II— Rural    1,060,000 Mali: Support Electrification GPOBA 5 People provided with access to electricity by HHs connections to Energy Hybrid System 25 Strategic Climate 45.4 (Off-grid): 681,000 Services Project (Mali, Fund Grant 15.4 Generation Capacity of Renewable Energy (solar) constructed: 4.8 MW Access P131084) Greenhouse gas emission reductions: 21,900 Tons/year Development Electric   n/a  of Myanmar Power Project Increase in electricity generation: 770 GWh National (Myanmar, 140 — 140 Reduction of CO2 emissions per output generated: 400 g CO2eq/kWh Electrification P143988) MOEP/MEPE staff involved in training and capacity building activities: 100 Program Jordan First   n/a  Energy Sector Programmatic Share of MW renewable power in the generation mix: 10% Assistance: Energy and Increase in energy efficiency savings in the water sector as NEPCO Water Sector per the implementation of the Action Plan accompanying the Restructuring, Reforms 250 — 250 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policy: 50 GWh Procurement Developmental Cost recovery of the end user electricity tariffs: 100% Review, LNG Policy Loan Capacity (Jordan, Building P154299) China: Green Hubei Xiaogan Logistics Logistics Project Results Framework not publically available as Borrower: for Chinese Infrastructure of December 2016 (in draft) PEOPLE’S Municipalities: (China, 100 152.02 REPUBLIC OF Application in P132562) CHINA 51.02 Xiaogan and Beyond China: Wuhan Wuhan  n/a  Integrated Integrated Percentage of users satisfied with public transport service Transport Transport at the terminals of targeted corridors in Anlu: 60% Development Development Percentage of pedestrians satisfied with the walking environment Project— (China, in the Anlu downtown area: 60% Borrower: Learning P148294) Bus ridership in Anlu: 27,397 PEOPLE’S from Best 120 207.91 REPUBLIC OF International CHINA 87.91 Practice in Smart Transport and Energy Efficiency ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 127 TABLE A2.3 Continued FY2016 INVESTMENT LEVERAGED WORLD BANK ($ MILLION) TARGET INDICATORS ESMAP PROJECT OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY CO2 DIRECT ACTIVITY (IDA/IBRD/GEF) WB FINANCIERS TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS MITIGATION BENEFICIARIES OTHER Kyrgyz Urban  59,327 Republic: Development Projected lifetime energy savings: 16414 MWh Borrower: Urban Project Number of municipal infrastructure assets and facilities 12 KYRGYZ 14.4 Development (Kyrgyz with increased Energy Efficiency: 6 REPUBLIC 2.4 Project Republic, Streets with improved streetlightning: 14 km P151416) Number of towns with Energy Saving Plans: 2 AFREA II— Electricity Borrower:  9,675,000 Lighting Africa Network GOVERNMENT Number of HHs connected to the grid: 150,000 Expansion Reinforcement OF Number of HHs with access to modern energy services and Expansion ETHIOPIA 43 (off-grid): 2,000,000 Project 200 248 Additional Energy SME Financing Support to Sub- (Ethiopia, Saharan Africa, 5 P155563) AFREA II— Rural Lighting Africa Electrification Project Results Framework not publically available as Expansion Expansion of December 2016 (in draft) 200 CIF 25 225 Program (Tanzania, P153781) AFREA II— Liberia   150,000 Lighting Africa Renewable People provided with access to electricity by HHs connections Expansion Energy Access (Off-grid): 50,000 Project (Liberia, Strategic Climate Distribution lines constructed or rehabilitated under the project: 58 km 2 27 P149683) Fund Grant 25 People with access to modern energy services under the project through stand-alone solar PV systems: 100,000 Annual electricity output from renewable energy as a result of SREP interventions: 5.8 GWh AFREA II— Electricity  326,400 Niger Access People provided with access to electricity by HHs connections: 326,400 Electricity Expansion 65 — 65 Distribution lines constructed or rehabilitated under the project: 695 km Access Project (Niger, Expansion P153743) Armenia Power Sector Borrower: 3,038,000  Financial Financial MINISTRY Percent of tariff-setting related questions and inquiries Recovery of the Recovery OF FINANCE OF (gender-disaggregated) responded to by PSRC within stipulated Power Sector Program 30 THE REPUBLIC 40.5 service standards for response time: 100% (Armenia, OF ARMENIA 0.5 Total annual electricity supply by ANPP is maintained P157571) Private sector: 10 International Municipal   n/a Conference Energy Borrower: Projected lifetime energy savings: 1,020,714 MWh on Energy Efficiency MINISTRY OF Framework to scale up municipal energy efficiency in the country: 100 156 Efficiency in Project (Mexico, FINANCE (SHCP) Framework accepted by the SENER Cities P149872) 56 Projected lifetime greenhouse gas emission reductions (tCO2eq): 463,405 Tons/year TOTAL 1,314 370 1,684 128 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.3 Continued FY2015 INVESTMENT LEVERAGED WORLD BANK ($ MILLION) TARGET INDICATORS ESMAP PROJECT OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY CO2 DIRECT ACTIVITY (IDA/IBRD/GEF) WB FINANCIERS TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS MITIGATION BENEFICIARIES OTHER Energy Brazil  2,630,000  Efficiency in Espirito Santo New household sewer connections constructed under the project: 32,897 Water and Integrated People provided with access to “improved sanitation facilities” Borrower: STATE Wastewater Sustainable under the project: 164,485 225 OF ESPIRITO 323.1 Utilities in LCR Water SANTO 98.1 Management Project (Brazil, P130682) Papua New PNG Energy   n/a  Guinea (PNG) Sector Improved GoPNG institutional capacity in the energy sector to support Renewable Development Borrower: future investment in rural and renewable energy: Yes Energy (RE) Project (PNG, GOVERNMENT Rural and Renewable energy policies submitted to Cabinet and rural 7.3 8.35 Resource P101578) OF PAPUA NEW electrification strategy completed following participatory process: Yes Mapping and GUINEA 1.05 Planning study is completed as a key input to preparing future Geospatial hydropower projects for investment: Yes Planning Local Benefit Upper Cisokan  n/a  Sharing for Pumped Generation Capacity of Hydropower constructed or rehabilitated under Hydropower Storage Hydro- the project: 1040 MW Borrower: Projects in Electrical Construction of 500 kV transmission line: 100% 640 REPUBLIC OF 800 Indonesia Power (1040 Improved capability of PLN in planning, development and operation INDONESIA 160 MW) Project of hydropower pump storage power projects in accordance with (Indonesia, international practice: PLN fully capable P112158) Gender Comoros  200,000  and Energy Electricity Female beneficiaries: 50% Program Sector Recovery Electricity losses per year in the project area: 37.5% 5 — 5 Project (Comoros, P131659) Egypt Gas Household Borrower:  6,750,000  Regulator Natural Gas MINISTRY OF Establishment of a Gas Regulator: Yes Capacity Connection INTERNATIONAL Customer service centers in targeted areas established Building Project (Egypt, COOPERATION and operational: 11 P146007) 473 Natural gas household connections financed by the project in targeted areas: 1,500,000 French Agency for Development 500 1,473.9 96 European Neighborhood Instrument 78.9 Private sector: 326 ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 129 TABLE A2.3 Continued FY2015 INVESTMENT LEVERAGED WORLD BANK ($ MILLION) TARGET INDICATORS ESMAP PROJECT OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY CO2 DIRECT ACTIVITY (IDA/IBRD/GEF) WB FINANCIERS TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS MITIGATION BENEFICIARIES OTHER India: Efficient Efficient &   235,000,000 & Sustainable Sustainable City Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in project cities over a period City Bus Bus Services of 10 years as a result of adoption of modernization initiatives Services— (India, P132418) from the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario: 230,000 Capacity Improvement in bus fuel efficiency in demo cities by at least Building 9.2 — 9.2 15% relative to business as usual: 15% Program in Demo cities have institutional systems in place for M&E Fuel Efficiency of bus fuel efficiency program: Yes (P132418) At least 50% NURM cities out of a total 67 cities are trained in/exposed to best practices in low-carbon programs including improved fuel efficiency techniques: 33% Results-Based Lao PDR Health 1,400,000 Funding for Governance n/a Energy Sector and Nutrition Development Development 26.4 — 26.4 (P127532) Project (Lao PDR, P151425) Energy Energy Sector n/a  Subsidy Development Power sector revenue allocated based on the tariffs for power sector Reform and Policy companies set according to the approved methodology: Yes Delivery: Operation Cash collected per kWh of power generated increased from 0.59 Som/ Safeguarding (Kyrgyz 24 — 24 kWh to 0.64 Som/kWh the Poor and Republic, Public awareness about the country’s energy sector challenges and Vulnerable; P152440) reforms increased from 17% to 27% and the State Regulatory Agency of Tariff Setting the Fuel and Energy Complex holds at least two public hearings Methodology Lighting Africa Uganda Energy   7,600,000  Expansion; for Rural Borrower: People provided with access to electricity by household connections: Gender Transformation, GOVERNMENT 1,021,000 135 168.2 and Energy III (Uganda, OF REPUBLIC OF Female beneficiaries: 50% Program P133312) UGANDA 33.2 Number of off-grid household solar system installations made under the project: 30,000 Geothermal Geothermal n/a Strategic Climate Scale-up Exploratory If geothermal resource is confirmed, power plant development is Fund Grant 8.55 Investment Drilling Project competitively awarded to qualified private developer(s): Yes Plan (Armenia, — 10.68 Feasibility study for a potential power plant completed: Yes Borrower: P152039) Tendering for private sector involvement in construction of a geothermal REPUBLIC OF power plant completed if results from the feasibility study confirm ARMENIA 2.13 technical and economic/financial viability of such a plant: Yes Total 1,572 1,277 2,849 130 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A2.3 Continued FY2014 INVESTMENT LEVERAGED WORLD BANK ($ MILLION) TARGET INDICATORS ESMAP PROJECT OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY CO2 DIRECT ACTIVITY (IDA/IBRD/GEF) WB FINANCIERS TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS MITIGATION BENEFICIARIES OTHER Model for Support to  31,000,000 Electricity ONEE—Office Reduction in electric transmission losses: 4.3% Technology National de Electricity savings due to CFLs deployment: 345 GWh 150 — 150 Assessment l’Electricite Reduction of unserved energy: 230 MWh (META): (Morocco, Peak power savings due to CFLs deployment: 0.2 GW Dissemination P104265) and Additional Knowledge Financing for Sharing ONEE Project 40.5 — 40.5 Support (Morocco, P145649) Peru Second Second Rural Borrower:  n/a Rural Electrification GOVERNMENT People provided with access to electricity by household connections: Electrification (Peru, P117864) OF PERU 10.6 140,000 82.7 50 Number of new connections: 34,000 Private sector: 22.1 Energy Access GPOBA  200,000 for the Peri- W3 Kenya People provided with access to electricity by HHs connections: 40,000 Urban/Urban Electricity — GPOBA 5.15 Female beneficiaries: 50% poor (Kenya, P125388) Biomass- Belarus    n/a based District Biomass Projected lifetime energy savings: 1,180,000 MWh Heating District Heat and electricity generated from renewable biomass associated with Heating Project 90 — 90 investments financed under the project: 8,300,000 MWh (Belarus, Projected lifetime reduction in CO2 emissions due to investments P146194) financed under the project: 2,100,000 metric tons Generation Capacity of Renewable Energy constructed: 106 MW Luhri Hydro Development  n/a  Electric Policy Loan 2 Percentage of operational hydropower projects that have the Project to Promote minimum environmental flow policy applicable and have adopted Inclusive Green real-time monitoring: 84% Growth and Number of departments which begin integrating the State Climate — CTF 100 100 Sustainable Change Strategy and Action Plan in development plans and Payment Development for Ecological Services (PES) in their operational strategy: 11 in Himachal Pradesh (India, P143032) District District    n/a Heating AAA— Heating Energy Projected lifetime fuel savings: 2,602,600,000 MJ Belarus and Efficiency Energy savings of participating DH companies: 524 GWh 332 CTF 50 382 Ukraine Project Avoided CO2 emissions of participating DH companies: 261,850 tons/y (Ukraine, People that gained access to more energy-efficient cooking and/or P132741) heating facilities: 721,400 ANNEX II | ESMAP RESULTS, FY2016: OUTCOMES, OUTPUTS, AND WORLD BANK OPERATIONS INFORMED 131 TABLE A2.3 Continued FY2014 INVESTMENT LEVERAGED WORLD BANK ($ MILLION) TARGET INDICATORS ESMAP PROJECT OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY CO2 DIRECT ACTIVITY (IDA/IBRD/GEF) WB FINANCIERS TOTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS MITIGATION BENEFICIARIES OTHER Household DRC FIP   n/a Energy Improved Greenhouse gas emission reductions (and removals) generated under the Guidance Note Forested project: 3,250,000 metric tons Strategic Climate Landscape — 36.9 Production of improved cookstoves: Yes Fund Grant 36.9 Management Biomass energy produced in a sustainable manner: 802,500 metric tons (Congo DRC, P128887) Developing Accelerating  n/a  a Regulatory Sustainable Cumulative Installed Capacity of Solar Energy Constructed: 20 MW Framework Private Private Capital Mobilized: 42 million for Maldives Investment Strategic Climate 16 27.68 Energy Sector in Renewable Fund Grant 11.68 Energy Project (Maldives, P145482) Energy Sector Vietnam  n/a Low Carbon Climate Change 100 energy auditors completed training courses to support energy Development Development efficiency practices in industrial sector, of which 50 fully certified Operational Policy Loan 3 and 50 doing on the job training to become fully certified. Support (Vietnam, 1,000 energy managers certified to support energy efficiency 70 — 70 P127201) practices in industrial sector. 1,000 energy efficiency plans and implementation reports of large energy end users of the industrial sector are received by MOIT or provincial DOITs, of which 600 have been prepared by certified energy managers. Low carbon development assessment initiated. TOTAL 782 170 952 Definitions and Disclaimers IdiVaegd_ZXiXdhi^cXajYZh[jcY^c\[gdbLdgaY7Vc`VcYcdc"WVc`hdjgXZh^cb^aa^dch#6Xi^kZVcY8adhZYegd_ZXihh]dlXdbb^ibZciVi7dVgY ™ approval. It does not reflect any cancellations. 7dggdlZggZ[Zghidi]Z7dggdlZgd[VAdVcdgGZX^e^Zcid[VcY^XVidghVgZjhZYWniVh`iZVbhidbdc^idgi]ZgZhjaihd[deZgVi^dchVcYVgZV\\gZ\ViZYidgZedgi>7G9VcY>96gZhjaihid ™ internal and external stakeholders. When drafting the Corporate Result Indicators, Task teams are advised to seek specific guidance from the GP Strategy and Operations team. I]Z8dgedgViZGZhjai>cY^XVidgh[dgi]Z:cZg\nVcY:migVXi^kZhcY^XVidghVgZjhZY^ci]ZgZhjaih ™ frameworks during preparation and reported in the Implementation Status Reports (ISR) throughout the life of all operations. 8dgedgViZGZhjai>cY^XVidghVgZXdbeaZbZciZYWn^ciZgbZY^ViZVcY[^cVadjiXdbZ^cY^XVidgh^ci]Z[dgbd[Egd_ZXiGZhjaih>cY^XVidghVcY ™ custom indicators which are chosen by the task teams in the Global Practice/Cross Cutting Solution Area (CCSA). I]ZiVWaZhgZedgiWdi]8dgedgViZGZhjai>cY^XVidghVcYEgd_ZXiGZhjaih>cY^XVidgh!VhgZaZkVciidi]Z:HB6EdW_ZXi^kZh# ™ Bdhid[i]ZgZedgiZYegd_ZXihVWdkZVgZhi^aadc\d^c\!i]ZgZ[dgZi]ZiVWaZgZedgiheg^bVg^aniVg\ZikVajZh[dgWdi]8dgedgViZGZhjai>cY^XVidgh ™ and Project Results Indicators. Actual results will be reported once the project is closed, in the Implementation and Completion Report (ICR). 132 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ANNEX III | ASTAE RESULTS, ASTAE-supported IDA/IBRD/GEF-CTF projects were FY2016: INDICATORS ACHIEVED approved by the Board for a total of 1.05 billion in AND WORLD BANK GROUP FY2016. The cumulative FY2012–16 total is $6.282 OPERATIONS INFLUENCED billion, exceeding the target for the current Business Plan. Physical target indicators are obtained from By providing advisory services and technical assis- the Project Appraisal Documents of IDA/IBRD/GEF- tance, ASTAE supports the preparation, execution, CTF projects that ASTAE supported. and evaluation of World Bank energy projects in East and South Asia. ASTAE’s result indicators Table A3.2 links the ASTAE activities and the IDA/ include only IDA/IBRD/GEF-CTF financed projects IBRD/GEF-CTF projects that contributed to the that are approved by the Board. Eight above ASTAE indicators during FY2016. TABLE A3.1 ASTAE Business Plan Result Framework, FY2012–161 VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE PLEDGED ACHIEVED ACHIEVED ACHIEVED PROGRESS DIRECT INDICATORS UNIT FY2015 FY2012–15 FY2016 FY2012–16 (%) 1. Total World Bank Lending Catalyzed by ASTAE Activities Project and Program Lending US$ million 3,200 5,232 1,050 6,282 194% 2. New Capacity and Increased Generation of Renewable Electricity Renewable Energy, Capacity MW 1,500 1,372 112 1,484 99% Renewable Energy, Generation GWh/yr 3,000 2,868 344 3,212 107% 3. Electricity Savings Resulting from Efficiency Improvements Energy Savings, Capacity MWe 1,000 351 25 376 38% Energy Savings, Generation GWh/yr 2,000 2,829 162 2,991 150% 4. Households with Access to Modern Energy Services Access to Electricity (new) households 2,000,000 558,000 4,802,500 5,360,500 268% Access to Electricity (improved) households 1,000,000 313,000 — 313,000 31% Improved Stoves for Heating households 5,000,000 1,195,000 800,000 1,995,000 40% (cooking & space) 5. Avoided Greenhouse Gas Emissions Direct CO2 Avoided over 20 Years million 200 379 32 411 205% tons 6. Countries Benefiting from ASTAE Support Number of Countries countries 15 21 21 21 140% Note: Direct refers to values achieved, or expected to be achieved, in the course of World Bank–funded projects that ben- efited from ASTAE support. 1 These numbers have been updated since the publication of the previous Annual Report. ANNEX III | ASTAE RESULTS, FY2016: INDICATORS ACHIEVED AND WORLD BANK GROUP OPERATIONS INFLUENCED 133 TABLE A3.2 Link between ASTAE Activities, Bank Projects FY2016 INDICATORS WORLD BANK PROJECT (IDA/ IBRD/GEF) INVESTMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY ASTAE ACTIVITY (FISCAL YEAR (FISCAL YEAR LEVERAGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS CO2 SOURCE OF WHEN ACTIVE) APPROVED) ($ MILLION) PILLAR PILLAR PILLAR MITIGATION INDICATOR AFGHANISTAN Solar Market Development for Afghanistan 15.0 18,000 World Bank Off-grid Access in Pakistan and Power System households Project Paper Afghanistan (FY13) Development connected The original activity was re- Project structured to focus in Afghanistan Additional only and to include grid- Financing connections. The activity supports (P152975; gathering and analyzing data on FY16) rural and urban off- or on-grid energy connectivity, capacity, delivery mechanisms, lessons learnt for Afghanistan CHINA EAP-Clean Stoves Initiative (FY13) Hebei Air 80.0 800,000 World Bank The regional CSI supported Pollution stoves Project discussion and integration of Prevention Appraisal lessons from RBF pilots in two and Control Document. villages to support drafting an Program Annex 2: implementation plan using the RBF (P154672; Result approach for at state and national FY16) Framework levels. INDIA Support to 24؋7 Power for All First 250.0 2,550,00 new LEDs World Bank Program in India: The states of Programmatic connections 0.71mt/ Project Andhra Pradesh & Rajasthan Electricity year Appraisal (FY16) Distribution 14.7 mt Document Activities in Rajasthan include a Reform over 20y and state diagnostic study covering aspects Development electrification of feeder metering, consumer Policy Loan plans (for indexing, energy audits, and for Rajasthan DPL) IT systems and commercial (P157224; processes, among others, and FY16) assistance for improving the action plan for turnaround and implementation support. INDONESIA Renewable Energy Access Power 215.0 390,000 World Bank Improvement (FY12) Distribution (Access part direct new Project Initially focused on supporting Development only) connections; Appraisal PLN, the national power utility Program- 3.2 million Document. in preparing and implementing for-Results indirect Annex 2: its 1,000 islands electrification (P154805; Result program, it was refocused on FY16) Framework helping preparing the Program for Result project. 134 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A3.2 Continued Link between ASTAE Activities, Bank Projects FY2015 WORLD BANK INDICATORS PROJECT (IDA/ IBRD/GEF) INVESTMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY ASTAE ACTIVITY (FISCAL YEAR (FISCAL YEAR LEVERAGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACCESS CO2 SOURCE OF WHEN ACTIVE) APPROVED) ($ MILLION) PILLAR PILLAR PILLAR MITIGATION INDICATOR MYANMAR Strengthening Institutions for National 400.0 27 MW (SHS) 1.242 7.1 mt over World Bank On- and Off-Grid Electrification in Electrification million new lifetime Project Myanmar (FY14) Project connections Appraisal The activities strengthened the (P152936; by 2021 Document. institutional capacity for on- and FY16) Annex 2: off-grid electrification in Myanmar Result and supported the implementation Framework of the Myanmar National Electrification Plan. NEPAL Support to Sustainable Nepal: 22.5 World Bank Hydropower Development in Power Sector Project Nepal (FY13) Reform and Appraisal Technical assistance for capacity Sustainable Document building for hydropower projects Hydropower development and management Development including financial, environmental, (P152936; and engineering issues FY16) PHILIPPINES Capacity Strengthening of Access to 23.4 14MW 202,500 World Bank the National Electrification Sustainable Project Administration, Department of Energy Project Appraisal Energy and the Energy Regulatory (P153268; Document Commission (FY15) FY16) Annex 1: The activity supported the Result strengthening of key agencies in Framework the Philippines so as to be able to access an EU, grant-financed technical assistance and subsidy funding project. Electric Cooperatives Reform and Philippines 44.0 75MW and 25MWe 400,000 10.4 mt World Bank Restructuring, Phases I and II Renewable 344GWh/ 162 GWh/ over 20y Project (FY13, FY14) Energy year year Appraisal To ensure that Energy Cooperatives Development Document can rise to the challenge of (P147646; Annex 5: accelerating investment in FY16) Result generation, networks and new Indicators connections, the activity supported sorting critical institutional issues during the final preparation and initial implementation of CTF, and helped ensure a higher level of readiness when it became effective. ANNEX III | ASTAE RESULTS, FY2016: INDICATORS ACHIEVED AND WORLD BANK GROUP OPERATIONS INFLUENCED 135 ANNEX IV | COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2016 TABLE A4.1 ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 COMPLETED ACTIVITIES Project ID Country/Region Activity Task Manager AFRICA RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS PROGRAM (AFREA) P149492 AFR AFREA II: Review of Hydropower Development in Africa Catherine Tovey P147765 AFR AFREA II: Road Map for Energy Access Program for Results Manuel Berlengiero P147750 Niger Electricity Access Expansion Pedro Sanchez CLEAN ENERGY P146364 Global Turn Down the Heat—Phase 3 Kanta Rigaud P113078 Indonesia Geothermal Clean Energy Investment Project Anh Pham P147643 Lebanon Lebanon—Wind Energy Resource Mapping Daniel Daurella P077717 Mexico Renewable Energy Forum Karen Bazex P124181 Uruguay Low Carbon Study Holger Kray ENERGY ACCESS P127837 Bolivia Deploying new solar technologies for isolated rural areas: supporting Lucia Spinelli their adoption in LAC P146792 Global Piloting Multi-Tier Energy Access Metric Mikul Bhatia India India: State-Level Dissemination of India Power Sector Review Mohua Mukherjee P151986 South Asia Strategic Communication for Improving Governance and Efficiency in Ashish Khanna the Power Sector ENERGY EFFICIENCY P146249 Belarus Heat Tariff Reform and Social Impact Mitigation Fan Zhang P152143 Belarus Scaling Up Energy Efficiency in the Building Sector Feng Liu P098916 China GEF FSP—CHINA: ENERGY EFFICIENCY FINANCING PROJECT Xiaodong Wang P152761 ECA Knowledge Sharing and Energy Efficiency Outreach Kathrin Hofer P128416 ECA Wholesaling Energy Efficiency in Water Utilities in the Danube Region David Michaud P148192 Egypt, Arab Data Analytics for Urban Transport to Mitigate Climate Change: Cairo Isabelle Ngoc Dung Huynh Republic of P146468 Global Capacity Building for Leaders in Energy Efficient Urban Transport Marc Shotten Planning TF015405 Global MACTool: China Victor Loksha P146316 Indonesia Reforming the Minibuses in Surabaya Reindert Westra P147640 Iraq Iraq Energy Efficiency Action Plan Ferhat Esen P146986 LCR Energy Efficiency in Water and Wastewater Utilities in Latin America Carmen Yee-Batista and Caribbean P110092 Nicaragua ENACAL Master Plan for Operational Efficiency in Managua/Nicaragua Lilian Weiss P153321 Panama Delivery of Technical Assistance to the Government of Panama to Mark Lambrides Reduce Barriers for the Development and Use of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency 136 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A4.1 Continued ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 P132401 Philippines Metro Manila Bus Network Optimization Plan Ajay Kumar P132250 Sri Lanka Colombo Low Carbon Urban Transport Technical Assistance Zhiyu Chen P146501 Turkey Energy Efficiency Institutional Review Jasneet Singh P152325 Ukraine Sustainable Urban Transport for the City of Kyiv Jung Oh P150553 Ukraine Energy Efficiency Transformation in Cities Tamar Sulukhia P146206 Uzbekistan Least Cost Assessment for the Heating Sector of Uzbekistan Pekka Salminen P101289 West Bank Energy Management for Water Utility Program Iyad Rammal and Gaza ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES P148096 AFR Assessment of the Interactions between the Power and Water Supply Andreas Rohde Sectors in Kenya and Malawi and their Operational, Economic and Environmental Implications P154276 Armenia Armenia: Financial recovery of the power sector Artur Kochnakyan P146249 Belarus Belarus Heat Tariff Reform and Social Impact Mitigation Fan Zhang P149893 Burkina Faso Energy Mix Diversification in Burkina Faso Jan Kappen P147772 Dominican Strengthening Capacity for Commodity Risk Management in the Energy David Reinstein Republic Sector in the Dominican Republic P150205 ECA ECA Energy Subsidy Core Group Ani Balabanyan P129680 Egypt, Arab Egypt Energy Pricing and Subsidy Technical Assistance Sudeshna Banerjee Republic of P148325 EU Accession Western Balkans Biomass Heating Study Jari Vayrynen Countries Global International Experience with Private Sector Participation in Power Grids Victor Loksha Global Operational Support—EASP Sameer Shukla P144921 Guatemala Best practices for sustainable hydropower development Ernesto Sanchez-Triana Haiti Distributional Analyses and Reform Options for Petroleum Price Raju Singh Reforms P104034 Honduras Strategic Engagement in the Power Sector Koffi Ekouevi P154859 Iraq Iraq Best Practice: Public Investment in Power Infrastructure Paul Baringanire P112780 Jamaica Jamaica Emergency Integrated Resource Plan Todd Johnson P154684 Kyrgyz Republic Tariff Setting Methodology Ani Balabanyan P147007 LCR Pricing Policies in the Energy Sector Koffi Ekouevi P151113 Moldova District Heating and Electricity Tariff and Affordability Analysis Shinya Nishimura P146401 Moldova Moldova Power Sector Note Sandu Ghidirim P123636 Philippines Electric Cooperative Regulatory Efficiency Alan Townsend P149638 Turkey Energy Reform Milestones and Challenges Kari Nyman P147492 Turkey Social Compact in Electricity Privatization in Southeastern Turkey Zeynep Darendeliler P147355 Western Africa Liquefied Natural Gas Import Options for West Africa Sunil Mathrani NEW ACTIVITIES Project ID Country/Region Activity Task Manager AFRICA RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS PROGRAM (AFREA) P155061 Botswana Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Strategies Joseph Kapika P157240 Congo, AFREA II: Scaling Up Electricity Access Alain Ouedraogo Democratic Republic of ANNEX IV | COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2016 137 TABLE A4.1 Continued ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 P155065 Cote d’Ivoire Electricity Access Scale-Up Program Sunil Mathrani CLEAN ENERGY P158461 Costa Rica Scaling Up Distributed Generation with Roof-top Solar PV Mariano Serrano P159698 Fiji Pre-feasibility study and road map for development geothermal power Kamleshwar Khelawan in the Republic of Fiji P157434 Global ESMAP Variable Renewable Energy Grid Integration Support Program Silvia Romero P154681 Guatemala Wind and Solar Integration Study Mariano Serrano P156974 India Solar Parks: Grid Integration Study and Capacity Building Demetrios Papathanasiou P112158 Indonesia Indonesia—Philippines South—South Knowledge Exchange event Peter Johansen P112158 Indonesia Support to the Integrated Catchment Management—informed project Peter Johansen preparation of Matenggeng Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical Project P153179 Kenya Geothermal Strategy Sudeshna Banerjee P157685 Kyrgyz Republic Improving Enabling Environment for Small Hydropower in Kyrgystan Kathrin Hofer P152653 Pacific Islands Variable Renewable Energy Grid Integration for Pacific Islands Leopold Sedogo Sustainable Energy Industry Development Project P157023 Sri Lanka Capacity Building for Planning and VRE Grid Integration Zhuo Cheng ENERGY ACCESS P127837 Bolivia International Workshop on Deploying New Solar Technologies in Lucia Spinelli Isolated Rural Areas: Supporting their Adoption in the LCR Region P154672 China Clean Stoves Initiative in Supporting Hebei Pollution Prevention and Garo Batmanian Control Program P155065 Cote D’ivoire Electricity Access Scale-Up Program Sunil Mathrani P156948 Global Efficient, Clean Cooking and Heating (ECCH) Program Wendy Hughes P156666 Global Global Survey for Multi-Tier Energy Access Tracking Dana Rysankova P127974 India North East Region Assessment of Transmission & Distribution Projects Rohit Mittal Impact on Access to Electricity P155038 India Support to Electricity Distribution System Strengthening and Mani Khurana Modernization in Andhra Pradesh P144213 Indonesia Supervision and Preparation of Scale-Up of Indonesia CSI Pilot Yabei Zhang P151425 Lao People’s Lao PDR Cookstove Initiative Somil Nagpal Democratic Republic P149683 Liberia Renewable Energy Access Project David Vilar Ferrenbach P150382 Mali Rural Electrification Hybrid System: CEMG Initiative Manuel Berlengiero P152936 Myanmar National Electrification Project: Inclusive Community Participation Dejan R. Ostojic ENERGY EFFICIENCY P156861 Bangladesh Bangladesh: Energy Efficiency Improvement Program in Industries Ashok Sarkar P158862 Belarus Belarus: End User Heat Control and Cost Allocation Project Feng Liu P156612 Brazil Energy Efficiency and Wastewater Re-use Recommendations for Jean-Martin Brault Espirito Santo’s Water and Sewerage Utility (CESAN) P132562 China China: Green Logistics for Chinese Municipalities Reda Hamedoun P133017 China Energy Saving Management Action Plan for Water and Wastewater Sing Cho Utilities in Guilin 138 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A4.1 Continued ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 P149499 EAP Green Transport Information and Communication Technology Holly Krambeck P157135 ECA Energy Efficiency Financing Option Papers for Kosovo, Turkey and Jasneet Singh Georgia P154867 Egypt, Arab Towards Energy Efficiency Implementation in Cities in Egypt Pedzisayi Makumbe Republic of P119063 Ghana Exploring the Potential for the Application of Solar PV Pumping Sanyu Sarah Senkatuka Technologies in the Water Supply Sector—Utility Energy Efficiency Lutalo Business Model P154030 Global Capacity Building for Leaders in Energy Efficient Urban Transport Thierry Desclos Planning—2 P158386 Kyrgyz Republic Improving Efficiency of Individual Heating Solutions Kathrin Hofer P157566 LCR Achieving energy efficient transport in cities in Latin America Camila Adriana Rodriguez Hernandez P146691 Lebanon Promoting Energy Efficiency in Bus Rapid Transit Ziad Salim EL Nakat P149872 Mexico International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Cities Karen Bazex P157932 Mexico Sustainable Land Use for Energy Efficient Cities Angelica Nunez del Campo P156179 Morocco Morocco City Energy Efficiency Manaf Touati P150361 Tanzania Dar es Salaam City Water and Sewerage Services Energy Efficiency Yitbarek Tessema Review P151006 Tanzania Cycle Mapping for Improved Urban Mobility Edward Anderson P159268 Uzbekistan Towards Energy Efficient Resilient Cities in Uzbekistan Rosanna Nitti P116846 Vietnam Support the MOIT to finalize the design of next phase of the Vietnam Ky Hong Tran National Energy Efficiency Program, 2016–20 ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES P158632 Algeria Energy Subsidies and Price Reform in Algeria Moez Cherif P160031 Armenia Improvement of Power—Tariff Setting and Addressing of Social Impacts Nistha Sinha of Tariff Increases P158671 Azerbaijan Poverty and Social Impacts of Improving Fiscal Sustainability and Nistha Sinha Quality of Power Distribution in Azerbaijan P150086 Bangladesh Policy and System Requirements for Scaling Up Power Trade in Sheoli Pargal Bangladesh P157714 Bosnia & Bosnia & Herzegovina Power Sector Note Jari Vayrynen Herzegovina P156023 Egypt, Arab Programmatic Energy Reforms in Egypt—Technical Assistance Ashish Khanna Republic of P146616 Ethiopia Energy Sector Review and Strategy Issa Diaw P157812 Global Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework Praveen Kumar P156184 Global Energy Subsidy Reform Knowledge Events Victor Loksha P155434 Global Energy Subsidy Reform Knowledge Products Bipulendu Singh P147403 Global Enhancing Knowledge Sharing on Subsidy Reforms: Case Studies on Maria Gabriela Inchauste Political Economy of Energy Subsidy Reform Comboni P157376 Global Rethinking Power Sector Reform Vivien Foster P155903 Global Energy Subsidy Reform Experts—Peer Panel Thomas Flochel P156185 Global ESMAP Energy Subsidy Reform Online Community Thomas Flochel ANNEX IV | COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2016 139 TABLE A4.1 Continued ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 P155192 Haiti Distributional Analyses and Reform Options for Petroleum Price Evans Jadotte Reforms in Haiti, Phase II P155966 Iraq Energy Subsidies and Tariff Reform Sheoli Pargal P151876 Jordan Energy Sector Assistance: NEPCO Restructuring, Procurement Review, Ferhat Esen Liquefied Natural Gas Capacity Building P120014 Kenya Implementation Road Map of Energy Bill Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee P158942 Latin America Challenges and Opportunities in the Energy Sector Gabriela Elizondo Azuela P156222 Lebanon Assessment of the legal and administrative barriers for the Manaf Touati development of the national hydropower market for Lebanon P153084 Madagascar Pump Fuel Price Subsidy Removal Technical Assistance Faniry Nantenaina Razafimanantsoa Harivelo P151457 Mekong Greater Mekong Sub-Region Power Market Development Programmatic Dejan R. Ostojic Technical Assistance P157697 MNA Support to MENA Countries Preparedness of Social Safety Nets for Amr Moubarak Subsidy Reform—Algeria, Djibouti, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Yemen P159050 Moldova Power System Interconnection Analysis Sandu Ghidirim P143988 Myanmar Economic Cost of Natural Gas Study Dejan R. Ostojic P150066 Nepal Conflict Management and Prevention for Energy Projects Jie Tang P159271 Serbia Natural Gas Sector Analysis Katharina Gassner P158779 South Eastern Supporting Energy Subsidy Reform In Southeast Europe Trang Van Nguyen Europe & Balkans P155872 Turkey Sustainability of Electricity Distribution Companies Kari Nyman P158496 Ukraine Facilitating Electricity and Gas Market Reforms in Ukraine Ani Balabanyan P159624 Ukraine Advice to the Design of Energy Efficiency Fund Feng Liu P157758 Ukraine Advancing Energy Tariff and Subsidy Reforms Ani Balabanyan P157270 Uzbekistan Power Sector Planning Study Samuel Oguah P153801 Uzbekistan Impact of Energy Subsidies—Way Forward Yadviga Semikolenova P147685 Vietnam Electricity Market Simulation Model of Vietnam Aidan Gregan P157760 Vietnam Electricity Vietnam: Communications Strategy for Tariff Reform Mai Thi Hong Bo P157552 Vietnam Road Map for Natural Gas Market Development Alan Townsend P157852 Vietnam Energy Subsidy Reform Phase 1 Masami Kojima P157348 West Bank & Securing Energy for Development in West Bank and Gaza Roger Coma Cunill Gaza ONGOIHNG ACTIVITIES Project ID Country/Region Activity Task Manager AFRICA RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS PROGRAM (AFREA) P149497 AFR AFREA II: Africa Region Solar Strategy Christopher Saunders P149119 AFR AFREA II: Gender and Energy Program Awa Seck P146987 AFR AFREA II: Lighting Africa Expansion Raihan Elahi P146621 AFR AFREA II: Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) Jan Kappen P150241 AFR AFREA II: African Rural Electrification Concession Richard Hosier P150323 AFR AFREA II: Power and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa Sudeshna Banerjee 140 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A4.1 Continued ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 P146443 AFR AFREA II: Africa Electrification Initiative David Ferrenbach P146263 AFR AFREA II: New Models to Scale Up Power Generation Investments in Elvira Morella Africa P149441 AFR Increased Electricity Access Support Program David Ferrenbach P146627 AFR Role of Subsidies: Financing Electricity Supply and Providing Affordable Christopher Trimble Access in Sub-Saharan Africa P152126 Gabon AFREA II: Rural Electrification and Water Services Sustainability Stephan Garnier Mechanism P153220 Madagascar Support for the development of small hydropower IPP Vonjy Rakotondramanana P150382 Mali AFREA II: Support to Energy Services Access Thierno Bah P147397 Nigeria AFREA II: Electrification Access Program Development Technical Rahul Kitchlu Assistance P146618 Somalia AFREA II: Power Sector Development Plan Anders Pedersen P145581 South Sudan Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project Rahul Kitchlu CLEAN ENERGY P149522 Belize Energy Resilience for Climate Adapt Migara Jayawardena P146371 Brazil Interface between Carbon and Energy Pricing Policy Christophe de Gouvello P152820 Chile Technical Assistance for Sustainable Geothermal Development in Chile Migara Jayawardena P151309 Ethiopia Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Ethiopia Issa Diaw P148174 Global World Bank Staff Training on VRE Integration as part of the Power Rhonda Antoine System Planning Program P155047 Indonesia Capacity Strengthening and Risk Mitigation for Geothermal Peter Johansen Development P145273 Indonesia Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Aidan Gregan Indonesia P144569 LCR Technical Assistance for Geothermal Project Preparation in LCR Migara Jayawardena P145350 Madagascar Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Vonjy Miarintsoa Madagascar Rakotondramanana P151289 Malawi Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Malawi Maria Isabel Neto P146018 Maldives Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Abdulaziz Faghi Maldives P150328 Nepal Renewable Energy Resource Mapping: Nepal Tomoyuki Yamashita P146140 Pakistan Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Anjum Ahmad Pakistan P145864 Papua New Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Papua Gerard Fae Guinea New Guinea P123636 Philippines Philippines Power Sector Strategy: VRE Distribution Grid Code Alan Townsend P154048 Seychelles Improving Electricity Planning Maria Isabel Neto P145287 Tanzania Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Anders Pedersen Tanzania P145513 Vietnam Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Vietnam Ky Hong Tran P145271 Zambia Renewable Energy Resource Mapping Initiative Raihan Elahi ANNEX IV | COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2016 141 TABLE A4.1 Continued ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 ENERGY ACCESS P152376 AFR Uganda-DRC 220kV Interconnector Mbuso Gwafila Global Energy Access for the Peri-urban/Urban Poor Alain Ouedraogo P154383 Global Global Facility for Promotion of Green Mini Grids Johannes C. Exel P130355 Lao People’s Background Analysis & Design of Health Impact Results-Based Rutu Dave Democratic Financing Mechanism for Clean Stove Initiative Republic P146805 LCR Central America Clean Cooking Initiative Koffi Ekouevi P143988 Myanmar Development of Myanmar National Electrification Program Dejan R. Ostojic P149764 South Asia Nepal: Developing Improved Solutions for Cooking Sandeep Kohli ENERGY EFFICIENCY P151756 Bangladesh Open Accessibility Planning for Integrated and Inclusive Transport in Ke Fang Dhaka P152139 China Wuhan Integrated Transport Development Project: Learning from Best Arturo Gomez International Practice in Smart Transport & Energy Efficiency P152109 China Developing an Innovative Energy Efficiency Financing Mechanism in Xiaodong Wang China P150222 China Developing Low-Carbon Strategy for Shenzhen Ximing Peng P146777 EAP Inclusive Green Growth for EAP Cities Caca Boudin Judy Baker P152431 Global Capacity Building Martina Bosi P145972 Global City Energy Efficiency Transformation Initiative: Low Carbon Growth for Ivan Jaques Goldenberg Cities through Energy Efficiency P152356 Global Data Analytics for Intelligent Energy Systems Karin Anna Maria Lerner IFC- Global EDGE Green Building Market Transformation Program Prashant Kapoor 00599988 P132418 India Efficient & Sustainable City Bus Services: Capacity Building Program in Nupur Gupta Fuel Efficiency P151970 Kyrgyz Republic Efficiency Improvements of the District Heating System in the Kyrgyz Kathrin Hofer Republic P151416 Kyrgyz Republic Urban Development Project Kremena Ionkova P144262 LCR Achieving Energy Efficient Urban Transport in Cities in Latin America Felipe Rodriguez P150942 LCR Brazil Energy Efficient Cities Program Christophe de Gouvello P148297 LCR LCR Urban Energy Efficiency Janina Franco Salazar P150863 Macedonia Municipal Energy Efficiency Promotion Jasneet Singh P149872 Mexico Municipal Energy Efficiency Project Janina Franco Salazar P077717 Mexico Supporting a low-carbon economy Karen Bazex P147807 South Asia Scaling Up Energy Efficiency and Demand-Side Management Business Ashok Sarkar Line in South Asia P152135 Uzbekistan Scaling Up Energy Efficiency in Buildings in Uzbekistan Feng Liu P147961 West Bank & Energy Efficiency Action Plan Roger Cunill Gaza ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES P146259 Afghanistan Energy Security Trade-Offs under High Uncertainty Richard Spencer P152329 AFR Cost Review of Transmission Development in Africa Jianping Zhao 142 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A4.1 Continued ESMAP Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 P152434 AFR Regional Study on the Performance of Distribution Utilities in Sub- Pedro Antmann Saharan Africa P150086 Bangladesh Analysis of Economy-wide Impact of Energy Sector Reforms in Sheoli Pargal Bangladesh P147077 Central America Energy Subsidy Reform in Central America Marco Antonio Hernandez Ore P151404 China Fossil Fuel Subsidy Study Yanqin Song P127033 China Promotion of Power Sector Reform to Unlock Renewable Energy Xiaodong Wang Development P151293 China Urumqi District Heating Pricing Technical Assistance Todd Johnson P133231 ECA Directions for the Energy Sector in the Western Balkans Claudia Ines Vasquez Suarez P146007 Egypt, Arab Gas Regulator Capacity Building Ashish Khanna Republic of P155336 Egypt, Arab Phase II of Subsidy Reforms Technical Assistance from the Energy Joern Huenteler Republic of Subsidy Reform and Delivery Technical Assistance Facility P147865 Georgia Power Sector Strategy Joseph Melitauri P144930 Global Thirsty Energy: The Case of China Diego Rodriguez P152585 Indonesia Local Benefit Sharing for Hydropower Projects in Indonesia Gailius Draugelis P146035 Kazakhstan Power Market Structure Options for Kazakhstan Mirlan Aldayarov P155769 LCR Energizing Agriculture: Enhancing Efficiency in Agriculture in Latin Katie Kennedy Freeman America & the Caribbean P146656 MNA Benchmarking Electricity Utilities Performance in the Middle East & Daniel Daurella North Africa Region P151162 Nigeria Unlocking Nigeria’s Potential for Gas Masami Kojima P148147 Tunisia Strategic Development of Energy Sector in Tunisia, Phase II Anas Benbarka P152745 Tunisia Tunisia-Italy Electricity Transmission Interconnection Project Sameh Mobarek P152593 Ukraine Moving Forward Energy Tariffs Reforms Yadviga Semikolenova P149628 Vietnam Equitization and Divestiture Strategy for the Vietnam Electricity’s Joel Maweni Generation Companies ANNEX IV | COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2016 143 TABLE A4.2 SIDS DOCK Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 COMPLETED ACTIVITIES Project ID Country/Region Activity Task Manager P101414 OECS Countries Eastern Caribbean Energy Regional Authority Project Mark Lambrides NEW ACTIVITIES P151979 Cabo Verde Cabo Verde Distributed Solar Energy Systems Project Karen Bazex P153404 OECS Countries Solar PV Demonstration Project in the OECS countries Mark Lambrides P152653 Pacific Islands Pacific Islands Sustainable Energy Industry Development Leopold Sedogo Project Implementation Support SIDS DOCK ONGOING ACTIVITIES P151979 Cabo Verde Preparation & SPN of Cabo Verde Distributed Solar Energy Fabrice Karl Bertholet Systems Project P149959 St. Lucia Geothermal Resource Development in Saint Lucia Migara Jayawardena SIDS DOCK BETF P144573 Tuvalu Energy Sector Development Project Leopold Sedogo P145311 Vanuatu Energy Sector Development Project Kamleshwar Prasad Khelawan TABLE A4.3 ASTAE Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 COMPLETED ACTIVITIES Project ID Country/Region Activity Task Manager P131263 Bangladesh Household Energy in South Asia Region Zubair Sadeque P071794 Bangladesh Showcasing Results in World Bank Supported Intervention Zubair Sadeque in Bangladesh Rural Electrification P144091 EAP Integration of Social Dimension in Energy Access Projects Helene Monika Carlsson Rex P129830 EAP East Asia & Pacific Clean Stoves Initiative Forum Yabei Zhang P145887 India Access to electricity solutions in South Asia Region Sheoli Pargal P121842 Indonesia Building Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy in Indonesia Ratna Kesuma P113078 Indonesia Geothermal Power Development Program II Peter Johansen P148620 Indonesia Large Enterprises Energy Efficiency Project Dhruva Sahai P150457 Mekong East Asia & Pacific-South Asia Renewable Energy and Energy Dejan Ostojic Efficiency South-South Knowledge Exchange P099321 Mongolia Enhance Awareness of Effort at Electrification of Rural Herders Peter Johansen through Solar Home Systems in Mongolia 144 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A4.3 Continued ASTAE Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 P040907 Mongolia Evaluation of Social Impacts of Mongolia Renewable Energy Peter Johansen and Rural Electricity Access Project P144683 Nepal Scaling up Decentralized Energy Access in Nepal Priti Kumar P146344 Nepal Photovoltaic Technology Workshop in Kathmandu Jie Tang P120589 Pakistan Natural Gas Loss Reduction Bjorn Hamso P101578 Papua New Assessing the Key Elements for the Development of a Third Roberto Aiello Guinea Party Access Code for the Transmission and Distribution Networks in Papua New Guinea P145864 Papua New Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Gerard Fae Guinea Papua New Guinea P147646 Philippines Electric Cooperatives Reform and Restructuring, Phase II Alan Townsend P147646 Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Implementation Support Alan Townsend P147646 Philippines Energy Regulatory Commission Capacity Strengthening Alan Townsend P149462 SAR Impacts of Climate Change on Water Pravin Karki P150207 SAR Renewable Energy Training for South Asia Region Officials Laurent Durix P131250 Tonga Fundamentals of an Energy Road Map in Small Island Developing Roberto Aiello States: Experiences from the Pacific P131250 Tonga Implementation Support for the Tonga TERM-IU Roberto Aiello P131250 Tonga Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Knowledge Exchange Roberto Aiello for Pacific Island Countries P144573 Tuvalu Preparation and Early Implementation Support for the Tuvalu Roberto Aiello Energy Sector Development Project P143390 Vietnam Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation in Road Transport: Toolkit Holly Krambeck Implementation and Life-Cycle Analysis P103238 Vietnam Cumulative Impact Assessment on Small Hydropower Projects Franz Gerner on River Cascades P084773 Vietnam Capacity Building Support to Vietnam Pumped Storage Power Franz Gerner Program P131558 Vietnam Renewable Energy Integration and System Efficiency Peter Johansen and Reliability Enhancement NEW ACTIVITIES P156263 Bhutan Supporting Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Mats Johan Rikard Liden Hydropower Development P155038 India Support to 24ϫ7 Power for All Program in India: The States Mani Khurana of Andhra Pradesh & Rajasthan P151425 Lao PDR Lao PDR Cook Stove Initiative Somil Nagpal P152343 Mongolia Support to the Preparation of the Second Energy Sector Project Peter Johansen P152936 Myanmar National Electrification Project: Impact evaluation baseline Dejan R. Ostojic based on geographic information system P146140 Pakistan Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning: Anjum Ahmad Pakistan P154033 Vietnam International Financial Reporting Standards Gap Analysis Christopher Robert Fabling ANNEX IV | COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2016 145 TABLE A4.3 Continued ASTAE Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2016 ONGOING ACTIVITIES P144130 Asia Using Satellite Imagery to Monitor Progress of Rural Kwawu Mensan Gaba Electrification P151262 Global East Asia & Pacific Gender and Energy Facility Helene Monika Carlsson Rex P144678 India Prepare for Energy Access in UP and Bihar Mani Khurana P154283 India Program for Grid Based Solar Sector Demetrios Papathanasiou P154805 Indonesia Indonesia—Renewable Energy Access Improvement Joel J. Maweni P144213 Indonesia Clean Stove Initiative, Support to the Emergence of Scalable Yabei Zhang Biomass Stoves Markets P149098 Indonesia Support for Preparation of Indonesia Hydropower Project Gailius J. Draugelis P112158 Indonesia Support to Integrated Catchment Program for Upper Cisokan Peter Johansen Pumped Storage Project P109736 Lao PDR Strategic Advisory for the Lao Power Sector Reform Franz Gerner P130355 Lao PR Clean Stove Initiative Phase 2 (Bank-executed) Rutu Dave P145482 Maldives Clean Energy Development and Regulatory Support Sandeep Kohli P146018 Maldives Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning Abdulaziz Faghi P152936 Myanmar Strengthening Institutions for On- and Off-Grid Electrification Dejan R. Ostojic in Myanmar P152653 Pacific Islands Implementation Support for the Pacific Energy Program Leopold Sedogo P146251 Pakistan Strategy to Scale Up Renewable Energy: Pakistan Oliver Knight P153268 Philippines Capacity Strengthening of the National Electrification Alan F. Townsend Administration, Department of Energy and the Energy Regulatory Commission in the Philippines P146366 SAR Mitigation Options for Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Chandra Shekhar Sinha in South Asia P154290 SAR Solar Market Development for Off-Grid Access in Pakistan Fanny Kathinka and Afghanistan Missfeldt-Ringius P146107 SAR Development of Private Sector Models for Off-Grid Electrification Sandeep Kohli in South Asia P146366 SAR Clean Cooking in South Asia (India): Options and Strategies Chandra Shekhar Sinha P152779 Solomon Tina River Hydropower Development Project: Benefit Sharing Takafumi Kadono Islands and Technical Quality Assurance P153258 Vietnam Pumped Storage Hydropower Development Strategy Franz Gerner P146777 Vietnam Sustainable Urban Energy and Emissions Planning, Phase 3: Dejan R. Ostojic Energizing Green Growth of Da Nang City in Vietnam 146 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ANNEX V | PUBLICATIONS, FY2016 TABLE A5.1 ESMAP Publications, FY2016 ISBN, PUB. NO., OR COUNTRY/ Project ID REGION TITLE AUTHOR/TTL WB Directions in AFR Independent Power Projects in Sub- Anton Eberhard, Katharine Gratwick, Development Saharan Africa: Lessons from Five Key Elvira Morella, and Pedro Antmann 978-1-4648-0800-5 Countries (https://openknowledge .worldbank.org/handle/10986/23970) P152143 Belarus Belarus: Scaling Up Energy Efficiency Feng Liu, Irina Voitekhovitch, Denzel J. Retrofit of Residential and Public Hankinson, Chris Parcels, Joshua Buildings: Assessment of Investment Morrison, and Deborah Ong Needs, Implementation Constraints, Financing Options, and Delivery Models P152422 Canada Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Pedzisayi Makumbe, Debbie K. Weyl, ESMAP Knowledge Lighting: Joint Procurement Delivery Andrew Eli, and Jie Li Series (026/16, Case Model—Ontario, Canada Study #3) China City Energy Efficiency Report: Transport Li Qu, Arturo Ardila Gomez, G. Frame, Sector Wuhan and Yang Chen P113684 Egypt Local Manufacturing Potential for Solar MENA Energy Series Technology Components in Egypt (95144-EG) P151309 Ethiopia Wind resource Mapping: Mesoscale Oliver Knight (TTL) Wind Modeling Report P131926 Global Assessing and Mapping Renewable Oliver Knight ESMAP Knowledge Energy Resources Series (025/16) P148200 Global Beyond Connections: Energy Access Mikul Bhatia and Nicolina Angelou ESMAP Technical Redefined Report (008/15) P144569 Global Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Subir Kumar Sanyal, Ann Robertson-Tait, ESMAP Knowledge Geothermal Resource Risk Mitigation: Migara Jayawardena, Gerry Huttrer, and Series (024/16) A Global Survey (English, Spanish) Laura Wendell Berman Administrative Global ESMAP-ASTAE Annual Report 2015 Nick Keyes Report P130625 Global Greenhouse Gases from Geothermal Thráinn Fridriksson, Almudena Mateos, ESMAP Technical Power Production Pierre Audinet, and Yasemin Orucu Report (009/16) P152422 Global Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Pedzisayi Makumbe, Debbie K. Weyl, ESMAP Knowledge Lighting: Synthesis of Six Case Studies Andrew Eli, and Jie Li Series (026/16) ANNEX V | PUBLICATIONS, FY2016 147 TABLE A5.1 Continued ESMAP Publications, FY2016 P152422 India Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Pedzisayi Makumbe, Debbie K. Weyl, ESMAP Knowledge Lighting: ESCO Delivery Model in Andrew Eli, and Jie Li Series (026/16; Case Central and Northwestern India Study #1) P152422 India Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Pedzisayi Makumbe, Debbie K. Weyl, ESMAP Knowledge Lighting: Super-ESCO Delivery Model in Andrew Eli, and Jie Li Series (026/16, Case Vizag, India Study #2) ESMAP IMPACT 09 Kenya Bringing Global Best Practices to Transform Kenya’s Slum Electrification Program P152325 Kyiv Sustainable Urban Transport for Kyiv: Jung Eun Oh and Antonio Benigno Nunez Towards a Sustainable and Competitive City Built upon the Legacy System and Innovations P145350 Madagascar Small Hydro Resource Mapping: Site Oliver Knight (TTL) Investigation Report (Eng/Fr) P146018 Maldives Solar Resource Mapping in the Oliver Knight (TTL) Maldives: Implementation Plan, Phase 2 Wind Resource Mapping in the Maldives: Mesoscale Wind Modeling Report Wind Resource Mapping in the Maldives: Site Identification Report P152422 Mexico Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Pedzisayi Makumbe, Debbie K. Weyl, ESMAP Knowledge Lighting: Lease-to-Own Delivery Model Andrew Eli, and Jie Li Series (026/16; Case in Guadalajara, Mexico Study #5) P148222 MNA Delivering Energy Efficiency in the Jonathan Edwards Sinton and Rutu Dave Middle East and North Africa: Achieving Energy Efficiency Potential in the Industry, Services and Residential Sectors (English, Arabic, French) P150328 Nepal Wind Resource Mapping: Mesoscale Oliver Knight (TTL) Modelling Report P149219 North Africa Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning: Ezzedine Khalfallah, Rafik Missaoui, A Case Study of the Maghreb (English, Samira El Khamlichi, and Hassen Ben French) Hassine P146140 Pakistan Biomass Resource Mapping: Oliver Knight (TTL) Implementation Report P145864 Papua New Wind Resource Mapping in Papua New Oliver Knight (TTL) Guinea Guinea: Mesoscale Modelling Report Wind Resource Mapping: Site Identification Report 148 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TABLE A5.1 Continued ESMAP Publications, FY2016 P152422 Philippines Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Pedzisayi Makumbe, Debbie K. Weyl, ESMAP Knowledge Lighting: Municipal Financing Delivery Andrew Eli, and Jie Li Series (026/16; Case Model in Quezon City, Philippines Study #6) Livewire 2015/40 Senegal Improving Gender Equality and Rural Alicia Hammond, Inka Schomer, Livelihoods in Senegal Alassane Ngom, Awa Seck, and Vanessa Lopes Janik P145287 Tanzania Solar Resource Mapping: Oliver Knight (TTL) Implementation Plan, Phase 2 Wind Resource Mapping in Tanzania: Site Identification Report ESMAP IMPACT 10 Turkey Listening to Client Needs: ESMAP Support to Turkey’s Energy Transition, 2007–15 P149638 Turkey Turkey’s Energy Transition: Milestones Budak Dilli and Kari J. Nyman and Challenges P151927 Ukraine Analysis of the restructuring options of NJSC Naftogaz (English, Ukrainian) P150553 Ukraine Ukraine—Facilitating Municipal Energy Dilip R. Limaye and Feng Liu Efficiency Finance: Policy Paper P152422 United Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Pedzisayi Makumbe, Debbie K. Weyl, ESMAP Knowledge Kingdom Lighting: Public-Private Partnership Andrew Eli, and Jie Li Series (026/16, Case Delivery Model—Birmingham, United Study #4) Kingdom P145513 Vietnam Biomass Resource Mapping In Vietnam: Oliver Knight (TTL) Implementation Plan, Phase 2 Wind Resource Mapping: Implementation Plan, Phase 2 Small Hydro Mapping: Working Report on the Design of the GIS Database P145271 Zambia Solar Resource Mapping: Oliver Knight (TTL) Implementation Plan, Phase 2 Wind Resource Mapping: Mesoscale Modelling Report Wind Resource Mapping: Site Identification Report Wind Resource Mapping: Implementation Plan, Phase 2 ANNEX V | PUBLICATIONS, FY2016 149 TABLE A5.2 List of ASTAE Publication FY16 ISBN, PUB. NO., OR COUNTRY/ TITLE AUTHOR/TTL Project ID REGION P156263 Bhutan Managing and Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydropower in Bhutan* LiveWire 2016/62 EAP Toward Universal Access to Clean Yabei Zhang Cooking and Heating: Early Lessons from the East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative P144091 Indonesia Social Gender Support to Indonesia Clean Stove Initiative LiveWire 2016/63 Lao PDR The Lao Cookstove Experience: Rutu Dave Redefining Health through Cleaner Energy Solutions LiveWire 2016/61 Maldives Rooftop Solar in Maldives: A World Bank Sandeep Kohli Guarantee and SREP Facilitate Private Investment in Clean and Affordable Energy P144683 Nepal Nepal: Scaling Up Electricity Access Priti Kumar; Tomoyuki Yamashita; Ajoy through Mini and Micro Hydropower Karki; SC Rajshekar; Ashish Shrestha; Applications Abhishek Yadav; and Priti Kumar P146251 Pakistan Electricity Access in Pakistan, Knight, Oliver; Ahmad, Anjum; Hussain, Methodological Report Hassam P146251 Pakistan Demand for Renewable Energy Oliver Knight and Anjum Ahmad Generation in Pakistan P149462 Regional South Asia Region Programmatic Pravin Karki and Julia Bucknall Approach to Impacts of Climate Risks on Water: Hydropower, and Dams LiveWire 2016/60 SAR Toward Climate-Resilient Hydropower Pravin Karki in South Asia P131558 Vietnam Smart Grid to Enhance Power Transmission in Vietnam *ASTAE cofinanced with ESMAP. 150 ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Copyright © 2016 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ THE WORLD BANK GROUP 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The Boundaries, colors, denominations, other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. 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