71040 Bulgaria: Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 2007 GDP 2007 GDP 2007 Share 2007 Trade Membership No. of RTAs/ EIAs (millions) per capita in World Trade per capita GATT WTO Goods Services $40,665 $5,317 0.15% $6,625 No 1996 25 4 Bulgaria TRADE PERFORMANCE ‡ ECA Ranking Decile TP Upper mid inc TRADE POLICY (TP) (out of 125) 25 2 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE) (out of 126) 20 2 TO EE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) (out of 181) 45 3 TRADE FACILITATION (TF) (out of 151) 55 4 TRADE OUTCOME (TO) (out of 161) 59 4 TF IE ‡ Rankings are based on the "representative" indicators (in bold) in each group below for the latest year Outer bound represents best value in latest year TRADE POLICY (TP)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index (MFN applied tariffs)& .. 5.0 4.1 * TTRI (applied tariffs including preferences) & .. 3.4 1.8 * TTRI Overall TRI (OTRI, applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& .. 6.4 6.4 * (MFN) Other trade policy indicators MFN applied tariff - simple avg (%) .. 10.8 7.8 5.5 Applied Dispersion (coefficient of variation) .. 1.1 1.4 2.0 tariff (wgt avg) Maximum rate .. 96.4 168.0 228.8 Agriculture - simple avg (%) .. 19.4 17.6 16.7 Import Nonagriculture - simple avg (%) .. 9.6 6.3 3.8 duties MFN applied tariff - trade weighted avg (%) .. 10.1 6.5 3.2 MFN zero-duty imports (% in total imports) .. 22.3 40.9 56.7 * Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - trade weighted avg (%) .. 8.3 2.1 2.1 Nontariff measures Agriculture .. 22.9 9.6 10.1 Nonagriculture .. 7.2 1.7 1.6 0 10 20 30 40 50 Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - production weighted avg (%) .. 9.8 7.5 * ECA Upper mid inc Bulgaria Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) escalation (finished% minus raw%) .. 2.2 1.0 Agriculture .. .. 14.7 16.5 Nonagriculture .. .. 3.3 0.9 Import duties (% of imports) 3.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 * Services commit. Tariff overhang (MFN bound less MFN applied rate,%) .. 13.8 0.2 0.0 Bound tariff frequency ratio (% of total lines) .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 * Specific tariffs frequency ratio (%) .. 1.1 7.3 10.5 0 40 80 Non-tariff measures frequency ratio (%) .. .. .. .. ECA Upper mid inc Bulgaria Overall GATS commitment index (0-100, best) .. 36.1 36.1 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ MA-TTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.)& 3.2 4.4 * MA-OTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& 9.0 9.1 * MA-TTRI Other external environment indicators ROW applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - weighted avg (%) 7.5 4.0 2.2 1.3 * MFN duty free Agriculture 20.5 16.6 11.1 7.1 * (exports) Nonagriculture 5.4 2.5 1.2 0.7 * MFN zero-duty exports (% of total exports) 17.0 21.8 38.9 46.0 * Value of prefer Exports with FTA / CU partners (% of total exports) 0.0 7.5 8.8 9.9 * Preferences (EU+U.S.) utilization rate (%) .. .. 92.6 85.3 * 0 1 Lowest Highest Preferences (EU+U.S.) actual value (% of exports) .. .. 5.2 4.7 * ECA Upper mid inc Bulgaria Real effective exchange rate (% change,+ =apprec.) 8.4 4.3 3.9 9.5 ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used(noted by *). For more infor., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008. ŸMFN: most favored nation; NTM: nontariff measures; MA: market access; ROW: rest of the world; FTA: free trade agreement; CU: customs union; WTO: World Trade Organization GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; WGI: World Government Indicators; ".." indicates missing value; RTA/EIA: regional trade arrangement / economic integration arrangement; & 2007 are preliminary estimates Bulgaria Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) 2004 2006 2007 2008 Ease of Doing Business (rank out of 181) .. .. 44 45 Starting a business (rank) .. .. 103 81 Enforcing contracts (rank) .. .. 93 81 Ease of Doing Closing a business (rank) .. 75 86 Business Other institutional environment indicators WGI - Regulatory Quality (-2.5 to +2.5, best) 0.10 0.12 0.10 .. 0 80 160 WGI - Rule of Law (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.06 -0.19 -0.14 .. ECA Upper mid inc Bulgaria WGI - Control of Corruption (-2.5 to +2.5, best) 0.10 -0.09 -0.22 .. TRADE FACILITATION (TF) 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Logistics Performance Index (LPI, 1 to 5 best) .. .. 2.9 2.9 * Efficiency of customs and other border procedures .. .. 2.5 2.5 * Logistic Index Quality of transport and IT infrastructures .. .. 2.5 2.5 * International transportation costs .. .. 2.8 2.8 * Logistics competence .. .. 2.9 2.9 * Trading Trackability of shipments .. .. 3.1 3.1 * Across Borders Domestic transportation costs .. .. 2.9 2.9 * Timeliness of shipment .. .. 3.6 3.6 * Other trade facilitation indicators UNCTAD Shipping Doing Business - Trading Across Borders (rank out of 181) .. 94 102 No. of documents required for exports .. .. 6 5 No. of days process required for exports .. .. 25 23 Telephones Cost to export (US$ per container) .. .. 1,265 1,626 per 100 No. of documents required for imports .. .. 9 7 No. of days process required for imports .. .. 24 21 Secondary Cost to import (US$ per container) .. .. 1,260 1,776 enrollment Liner shipping connectivity index (0-100 best) .. .. 5.4 4.8 Telephones and mobiles per 100 people 33.9 69.4 137.0 159.6 * 0 Lowest 1 Highest Average cost of 3-minute call to U.S. (US$) 2.5 1.6 .. .. ECA Upper mid inc Bulgaria Internet usage (per 100 people) 1.3 9.8 39.8 52.3 * Secondary gross school enrollment (%) 90.9 97.2 105.3 106.1 * TRADE OUTCOME (TO) ## 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Real growth in trade of goods and services (%) 9.1 12.8 12.9 8.2 14 12.8 12.9 12 Exports 7.4 11.6 10.2 7.3 11.5 11.2 10 9.5 9.1 9.1 Imports 11.1 13.9 13.7 8.8 8 8.2 7.9 6.5 6.4 Other trade outcome indicators 6 5.9 4 Trade integration (trade as % of GDP) 106.0 114.7 143.3 149.3 2 FDI inflow (% of GDP) 3.4 8.2 17.2 13.9 0 1995-99 2000-04 2005-07 2008 World trade share growth (%) -2.2 9.7 3.9 4.0 Trade Growth Rate Exports -3.2 8.9 2.3 3.2 Bulgaria ECA Upper mid inc Imports -1.0 10.5 5.2 4.4 Merchandise share in total exports (%) 75.0 70.3 73.8 75.9 Exports Share (2005-07) Agriculture 13.9 9.0 8.3 7.6 * Agric, Manufacturing 44.7 43.3 41.3 39.5 * Service, 8.3 Mining, fuel and others 15.4 18.0 23.8 27.0 * 26.2 Service share in total exports (%) 25.0 29.7 26.2 24.2 Tourism 10.3 15.1 13.4 12.6 * Transportation 7.6 8.2 7.6 7.6 * Manuf, 41.3 Other services 7.1 6.4 5.2 5.2 * Export product concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 9.4 11.4 13.9 15.4 * Mining, 23.8 Export market concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 23.4 25.4 23.6 23.2 * Top 5 exports share (% of merchandise exports) .. .. 35.3 33.4 * Top 5 exports (SITC Rev. 2; 3 digit) ( 334) Heavy petroleum oils ( 682) Copper ( 673) Iron and steel products (842) Womens clothing (841) Mens apparel ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used (noted by *). For more info., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008 ## Most outcome indicators (mostly through 2007) are from the WDI (World Bank, Data Group), UNCTAD or COMTRADE; for filling gaps and 2008, data from the Prospects Group are used.