J3JI d+Il/A!, ,U)U S3JI&+I1 2004 0 1818 H Street, NW Wash~ngron,D C. 20433 1000-473-202 :&VI www.worlclbank.org :&+)'I p9 feedback@,worldbank.org :>,fl)'l J..,>I ;s+I+LK ,i L&I .,L ,/;tiA,i/, +i+.!- s,.dl, +I 3s;h-l L+I SL- ,.+L, r ' .IJ$ ?;WI ;;?I ~ J L C+JJ ~ L 6 1 + + & JsJl &'I ;I+ LA .+dl &I$ W L hi! r , ~a ~ +AK,~ sP +I JLj! ,L&I oh !;t*i +iJq,i~LLL ;iy + Copyright Clearance Center. Inc.,222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 09123, USA, : &+I 3 A w~w.copyrighr.com:&+?I p,, 4470-750-978 : & U l , 8400-750-978 :&wl &&Ul+ J! &&I 3+. J!LiL)'b&lAl3 j@l+ cs+91 aLKt;Yl LiK +=s; ' Officeof the Publisher, World Rank, 1818H.Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20433 :;l+!l pubrights@worldbank.org :jgfl)'l ,2422-522-202 : & U l Operations Evaluation Department World Bank InfoShop Knowledge Programs and Evaluation Capaciry E-mail: pic@worldbank.org Development (OEDKE) Telephone: 202-458-5454 E-mail: eline(@worldbank.org Facsimile: 202-522-1500 Tclephone: 202-458-4497 Facsimile: 202-522-3125 i,lirk+l SO 49&!L&I L-I sluLdl+-&&.I! @%)'I +I 1 89 (CODE) ; L ; L ~ ~uI L G +LII ;, 2>-P; 93 i,lJuayl (Mise a niveau Program) L ~ + IJL%IGL,> +--3 iJk!pi;,! 1-1 7 djJ.II&lIs&iI_;~! 1-2 11 ;++I wiu+ JIALL L ~ I +LJI yb 44,q P i isdl ,,,dl 1-3 23 Gregory K. US& LA .;ko;;lj &)LYI && & i LP&J - Fareed M.A. Hassan p& Ajay Chhibbers @ZJ~J! ?Ls?-Lo Ingram : Z J ~ ! ,al+u.!I J!2dlsmL-291Ib ez ~ g i _ t ? b Kyle Peters , a w l ~ J I J ! Isabelle Tsakok Elaine W. Oois ' Adil Kanaan +- ijl~l ~ U K Jp+i~kill I ~ i u s ;.w& L3.S .aLL&"!;. L &( & J ~ l ) I+ 'LL ~IJLL&I,L~ J L (OEDCR) ;IUI JorgeGarcia-Garcias IbrahimA.Elbadawi Cp &dl > J L I a h L ;O &I ,dl dj Gonzalo Salinas ,2_P;II Iim &I+L LLi ,291li.4 e3&Janice Joshi . k , ; L y I ak-&-dI Lswl$s+ & & *I W L + 2 .I+a L i $1 L.~IJ)'IiJ;LILPII >dl+I a b 3, & i l l+luL &&+I1 + I ~ ; ~ W L + & ~ @ ~ ~ I ~ . ~ & awl . .(,A+ p+.LL & i l l LLdl ~ U I+ ~ 2 i ,i , II . - A a ~ +;,~ ~JLI &i ~imJ L I ~ ; L Y I p ~4;;11j-~ .;~j3&-MI p L d @Lp3 ;+Lg.S$1 &a &J&s icLJ!, i&l Bader Eddine Nouioua :& &Lg.3$1 i J ; U L dlggLg&iiu IrO)C"yI &llg SsJl &%?I b&!L awl*& ijIJ!, J-I e e .$sJ awl &J DjelloulA]-Saci 1- ~4ktll@~JIJ! : G r e p v K. Ilzgrarn ~ J ~2J !%b1Aja.y Cbbibber , +~ GWI J I J : ~ :?I J ~ WG~~~ +I I 'cjqiS?~: R. Peters &>&J :Fureed MA. Hussan aj,.W+L~I j +I O ~ +p P~uju riulrilh 4 1 1i.a &I ~ I ~ U I+& [i-;i~ #LyI &.!I] a w l [&.dl &.!I] a w l @S ~jld! wu + d H l +bcf $ &b@$1 &';tYb &~LniiYl&ii!l d* hliau#ulhbb&I 5.jdjj14 p L d JS ;, rljap& ~Ia!gjl$l+ alaldl '3- d b&3 .&I$ $1 a 4 d b 1990tLjio h w l .aLfWl@i ;, 4.d &I ab&l!, aIaUl ;,&ill +&p 1i.a~LiLub &iYY> .(I 3JI) L;3U +LyI a l4CSi&ill@I GliJ t:J .wY+ht jL iJLJI 2+gj a h J& L 3 ,2003~g4i/* LLj! a w ly&i +g al&Jly&i iJI~! LS- iuL JL L>I b 3 .$dl $>LI\ hL;Llls L J U Y I-@I iJIj3 &Ay +;+I l+,ah$1 a&AI . i & L ;, L3; 3 ~;, lyG 13+1 2 al+dI3 +gj 2 -L+YIS L J U Y I-1 Ikk ~ s 9&dl l &:$WI +I & I b +i + ~ . ~ ~ L ~ I ~ I ~ J ~ J I ~ I ; , J ~ ~ + ~ I + I > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' L &I a!+-dlsti91 WI+pda k da~h+JL $3~11GI~IYLUG ~-LY]L . 2 LKII WI d3l;j + .>&I1 l h Wl@A Djelloul AlSaci :;, J5 ;,akisL to,lb L>l a I u U l + (WI&$ dJ) M.A.HassanFareed Gonzalo Saiinas C ~ . 3 ?&I)Elaine W. Ooi 3 Isabelle Tsakok 3 Adil &naan3 .(wU & L y I I ) .LJIJ~I iLU13G L Y Ia w l JaniceJoshi i s U k ;LYI to++I JJ-~ .+I&S~_P;rI13gl+l~I+lek Jorge Garcia-Garcia 3 Ibrahim Elbadawi ,ah G+9~LIL~JLII~ ~iGe LL.>.,I IL ;, ~J+I j391 WI + $1 ..L +I ;kkrl;;i,@~~ 2 +G I J ! ; ~ +I-\ LL+I + ~ i $1 &GI , G .>.,I IL ~ 2$1 + I I2-I UI ~ J I jb ;, ILL $1 J ~ &,I ;K u $3 'Lg.ols~;-Y& d l L-1 >LAp;ll I b 2i31~yI~IFI-!J+ id- ;,,piJLj!CSfig .(JIJ)+LdI W l a h .&'L+ ~6 Li& , I 'h 6~~ 41 p +I +I a ~ -1 z ~ &G3 .ifL+Ylg P,Jl & U l 2 Ji& e ~ p s > & - . " e U l J L , 2 W & J i & b ,GJUYIY&I &&+I1 kcl,j.Il p~,IJI ~IJ?)?!~ L j -1 i p 21 ~ C y ~ .JjlJl iSIJ!La\-! &u&, . u U l & m I LA -+I blji ~LUI JI; 21 p.++ ajpig UL~I JU?I j LIMI ~YI+I j Lrp bi. rLJI J&d& u L I 3,i~++l &LIjCI c s + ~ ~AIUYL ,++ P;;i F~~ LI~?I h,. UJsL,JUl& &A ,201j,L J& ..; JU?I GK L,, ;LI , & , I ;+I I ;: ++ i;u-? LrVJIdl+1 4 1 6 *+I1 WI9, i+41 iGL~I~ 1 ~hi 9+ ~ u 1 L+ d LC L L+,.&LA1 jl3;iYl,+MI &.L& iA V ~ i & &A$ ~ l ~UI .~IYL ~ i j +YI a1,dI ~ 3 i ~; L6, Lg;.O+)CO j .L&Crh3 ;idJ ,s,~I LL+II ~ L OLUI&I I i+g~ .I& &A'uy al,Jill i+z &+I aL,+ +dl JL, pj&l 4 1 ; d l ;, +dl & ;L ;,;p ,WI~ I Z L p ~ d 6~~1, +>I & . ! I -b J!-aYI+\ A iJ*&I$4 4141 p,+9; I++I+ ;i F~~21, k _ ~ y 3~ 9b 1~ ;, >+J I+,> AL ++;i - -I &I Jdl;, J S d J .@I JL, pL&l J!a l J ~ Y&ol JWIS&MI e U lal,hY bs!41 A+> ~+WI ;. ~i .&UI $P +I JAU J-1 a L L ) ' I 21aYI+l'& ;, tluli+z &MI @Ld JIji Y j!,+I ah+ ;, I++ J3i ? d lJI;? Y #, L I JLUI ~2~%iUJ ~ +&L ~ I +;,+I idLWI4 4 1Jlji Y ,$Ul e U l ~i. &K 14 i+ ~ W I +,$I JSL, 'vFi js eUl,l+I& ++ .4i02 &L ,eUl ; L S ~a~_r;l~ JI>i Y ,;,c;JI I , ~ a ~ b JL, - &&I JA # Jlj L, ,LiL;I& 2 L &i @,?I J k Y Ip x?;JI jLy1 6+?1L I ~ ~;,+I I y 4 1 LIIj! >d'h.I- .$,,?I ~ k Ypl +&?I$ pb>> *21 aYl+dI'& ;, I+.I? ;i &i +I +21, .LJWI C . ~ U k l l iA,l-Ylg L m I i + U I, k Y l ;,I&> ?+> pLJ;cl;,l i Y U &L i Y U I- @I> & by UI .J+LJI 2 41IYL ~ JL~ ~YL +> &&>dl &$4; (1):*+I :+I ;I& ~4,~ JLY &>,h~ "JW2 c ~ ~ J G ;oLdb;ll ~ k % l; t ~ ;i u U l ( 2 ) Li+ & ;w13&&ill d; 2 &Lkbll 6lJ.Il cL! +39JI 3LiiOs d+ +Is J L I ~ ~ 6 a 1L 1> i . ~t-i i (3)>: i + i d l +A ;i +LS .&UI LCkiLll a ~ > ~ > J2i v U l ( 4 ) &!-1 hp -I aL+I slFi i p l h s i s ; UkLh,JI a L & l &13% (;jlylJ U l & &) a w l g #&YI J+YI & & U l t"(L&Jl ULI .;LO% aui-4; u ; t ~ ; ;o,u13 JG , i b t . r - ? r ' i ~ 2 1 + - & 3 ~ l . 1 ~ ~ & + 9 plek ;)i-di~*IJ>\~beLkhLl+I-1 ~ 2 "I2 aL* el$! i& M I Iia & $1-1 .*l;i L+i.~WI&+i+i3. W I @CkiLllj 4 1 G ~ u Y4k & $b $1 l ,(PER) JAyl +I+-\ J% &c ~ Q l +IslL!, '(CFAA) L s l&lUI d c U I w3 I 'L+a> . .(CPAR) L ~ I ; I I J ? ~ ~ I + +I& i Y U l - 2 +3 &- +dl >L!l ,~iLLb ceWl a~,elsi-3 & ~1~3hll p L &+I sLk;p+4- kojKllJ+lsiLI .ipl6Yb# Gregory K. ingram a'&dl 4iJl~[-,=MI* d l AAA AAL AFD AfDB ASIL BNA BNP CAE CAS CEM CFAA CPAR ECAL EFRSL EIB ESW EQIP EU EUAA FDI FSD GDP GNI GNP GOT GSM IBRD IDB IMF INS ITPAL KfW M&E MDG MEDA MFA MM MNA MOA MOE NGO NPL ODESYPANO OECD OED PE PER PERL PPAR QAG QR SAL SDR SMEs UNDP VAT WSIP WTO x i v -. ---- ---- ~ L-'G C ~ JaLi ~a:id! -L.YI r tniCl+~ill ,+I ;,I+ G L i ~s. ,~l d 6Ul$L+ ;, Ul G p28 $Ip .% +I L+lL&lp LIJI elkii ?b! +2 +- . + I 1 sFp ?*A +$4; ULI .,/N/ J / ~ / & .-Lull d93h]l LF]! di +~ $ 3r j U I J- j l LF]! el~ Llkii& = l l ~ A & ~ . + I 3 1Jl.t.ci & i! ' ~ L n i i Yj l 'gJ Jlj; Y LlJl ;i Y! - J I ~JY I e o&.>Ii >&I ~ $> ~ 225 &a d l JI;;pcs'&II iy;,GLdI $Ip & 11LF]! 1970 ? L 2 j l u lJY ;,GLdI240 2 ? L 2 $--"$ U l GLdl 12 $Ip 8 Jb '1985 ? L J& GLdl .2001 -0 ,1990 ?L +Z U I 2 3 ~ , A , h & , j . A &*- &).YIP( LLcLk;.YI &k;Ldlp4LF]!+&3 & / @ 1 e ~ / & C l 9 .(3-1 ~ 3 4 12000 ) -b@ 2002 2001 2000 1995 1990 AM *E3a JLtjX)SPJI$;WtySh!@ JJU .L!;; 5.5 1.7 4.9 5,6 3,9 2 9 b . 4 ~L& 6&Ad1 ~ 2.1 2.3 2,7 3.4 %a 7,1 (y3t+Yl &l."ll J*, g)+I - 99.7 100,9 104,2 102,6 107.9 (108..19~++~ + c ~ r l l * ~ h 3.1 3.5 3.8 3,7 3.7 3,8 eW1 X ) I j j 4 4 ,,i~ ~ P I I 3.1 3.5 4.7 3,l 5.8 3,9 G k . l l 0 ; ~ ~ h ! x l ~ w l uu ~ y ~ i 2,1 3.8 2.2 2,6 1.6 0,8 (+I JL~!@>bcr( &91 4~~~ 60.2 64.3 60,2 59,4 60.7 62,O (vlfr#@u &! X)ym&dJh! U~J~JI "~r? &f t+)&91 SP~#S U JL.!I ~ 2 9 2,9 2,s 2.9 %#a 1 9 ~ + - b J * L i h . + s ~ . ~ ) w . h i y l ~ - -- ..- - -- 2 w b + a d \ :,+i &ub.Ljl i! ;I& L~L ~L]L . & d l ,j4 6L6;;YI & +I jLiiyl& Lu &i r W ~ Y l+ d l p o l FIJI $LA!&,Z U I p7,7 j Y - 2J+-ilb j L i Y l & O@l L W l L+JL LJL 3 L ? l l d l + > U Y I L 3 b l >&!I &L ;I& 2 L~~I~&!I-GL,$2 J - . & ~ ~ d r ~ LWIL&I3 'ZUIPIJ5,2 $WI3 @>i JLL3 &+I) &I d ~ jky2 @gi ~ JLA~ $WI3 JiJl L + J I ;Id1 &, 4;Jl j4;hl133-1 L A 1;I& +I i d lju;3 .(4-1 $+ ,@L3 .(? 2000 u1)Z U l 4,9 + &e si;i m,u ~ b ~ e 5,5 $2 2-1 &LJl& ?Wlj16;ylJyo 14;&.dl3 awl$d 3 ~ i 3. P ~&n I&4 L+JI di>+A FWI $k!k;Ul + JLeL%1 pLLwl&, p"WI eljJl &.dl &,P W Y I u.,i L~YI 341L;I+ 2~ U I>UYl jk3 &&dl3 JL~I i & d 1 SY .(2003 ,$,dl @I &I-) Z U I 4,6 $WI3 a ~ - .iJ+ 'up3 . Y J ~ ~ bii41 a,3 ,+bl ;l&l j4% @I i$ 2WjL ;,GUI p32 + biat! J;; ,UI + b~ a Y d I ; ) t diJLJ'(2001 eL @I i$ 2) $LA! &, &Jl & , I 2 &Id1 ;ldJlp i L U I (2003 ,J3J1 Jill aL&) JiJl L u l l ;Id1 i5 @I ;$ 2 X j L 3Y32.. 3JIJjl3 bim.&,I ~JI j ~ i 4i& ZUI p J%Yl.+ aLC;;;YI &&I ,& &L p+m~ ;i& & dig,1957?L p JL3bl&JI k'pk, L 3 ,+b~ ;lJ411;, p .wi CUI C~LL;;&I SUI i& +3 &L S ,2001 ? L pZ U I p12&dl j U d l &L ;I& pPWI L ~ ;p &i $2 4 3 I L$I -I dJL+YLI@>ijk3 ~ 9 1 j d 1 ~ ey-9 .'(Gill) 4 1 *I i d 1 pjU elill $41 IFJ!-ki a!iJkyl +-di &.+si;l~ ,L&I + I ~ I 4;13i y~~ .&&+I1'& L L y I& . @ d l ?*3ic~l&$'?? J'P! $9 &I_); ji@J.9d1 &.9 &$1 L C Y u l> &&YI A aLulp 2& U l ylj;; '6I4+ JI-W~ ,&UI JbbJljrY3.&&IS &+>A J LS JWl ;Jl JIjr Y d J L I I& &i.&+Yl islj4;YI i+U3 ++_r;LII 3-i- tUJl;p>I-%+ejdl ( r u I JI> % . M I &ljJI d&l 2 ?yJ13 ,jIdl .' f . I ~-3 l .up @WI &all a Y - i r W l J! L W l - l &CL& LUl~~lgell ?1&1 ;o~ J L YaIY y o &L&I ;YO r;3?b) -+ ji>'U,(LWI -I LLJI ~LL, A+d3a'Y~ rLai;l r F GL~:JLS $ld 'a~d~;i ~ J~ j +A I&, G4; L L u LUb ,sLdIeLL p-3 ,&S&l +Iwg ,2008 ,LC ck-,& U I a L S 4 i p +I ~ 1 ~ 9ii,si LAL 1 "+I &id,yLLU3~J L Y I XIJI WL~~I A- iJJ-ddI ~ ~ u&lPW!A+ * d l >lPi 2 3 1 ,,,i+-I j ~ 1 ~ 3 1 I+d .~MFAI ~c-31 i "JL,~I~,~-;;YI ~ ;, JS 2cL&'dl iJL.i,&mI &GJ~aISS L i ~ L j . d W ljJsl &, .*/,yJl&"@~/j GJllu.4 6~;;LSLI Gjl~. eJJ-il)J L&I &I I;M ;i jL! G&l bJg- (j21 - &&!-L- EW!;L .@MI s 1 ~ 21"41 &IJgkill 9 GLil&bi (MFA)iJ32ioJI d ~ bGLiI l W I atgull ;; &3J3hlJ L Y I 2 2341 & I & I ~ I +J ~ J! I ;i L J U I &i,dl >> LF\! & l J l a L b y l i&&ail JI> Y3 . & M I J U Y I 2cL&Y13 U l i e l l @ -91 2 c> L-1 $L+!;, k;Ulp 13LWl~ j l , L Y l j i & ' h & ~ l ~ Y l + i ~ . ~ _ u l l ~ ~ l ,;, &I L W IJL~I c,L+3 SLell~Uehll y w ~ ~ - a i l - - - l ~ ~ , s p ~ i ~ + ~JL! pldl o h & &3 . & G Y l dMise a niveau Pro LduI JLc91i,L',+JS> Jp ~Uak; S3JI Gs13 .(I-1 ,LYl) gram) .&+La >Ip LQ9 'pLJJl Ii-4 +;kllr6 LYWlZ,&lU+ &I& JL~I)~SL& i ~ L $ ~ l i ~ 4 L l j d L&A bgwl &GI 21 LdAI -1 Li.J+ .(2001-1997) ,,q~IL p, L,GI JLLI u it ~ j+G i ~ J GJL ;.4-1 i+.,~k~ LLI +I &- +&I IL J-L$~I ,. -J-J-+ pLd.?' 1, . J u t eg -jJij iJj+ ~bly-y ZUI 20-10 i; s ~ + ~Q ~ ~+-,I UUI +A+ I +~t; (i) &,LYI, JkJI & I C ~ J L ~ IJ-kl,, 14) ,+i ihlr;(,) :L&.!& ;, :+lG ;. 70 ZUl> J!skJUIaL~rdl++( i; a h d I J .QWIOL+-JL 1 1 ~,+i QUI WI i~h! 1GYW (c), IL i+.bwlJL~I 4-2 il&ri ~ ~ r l LU'jui i+I L,eI JL%I sL.-> k+ .I990 $sdLi .+ki 10;p&iL~ &,+ 21 t,4;11 jkh'luG4,.+I L i y l l , A ;.2700 ,&Ip I h dJL$1 s U g l JAC @ '>?I&3 Wldl L ,sL>l A-& ;., .,.hL> L24j~ khY1> hOO $Ip i GL- +IW I d;i Y! .hY1> 1550 &I+L ai ~ L y J k g l >UF +I t'& 4 .L>% i&l LJ-l a L y l J! J-312 ~wl. S L ~ I +~gi i J di9,+I~ ~ ~ i i.+Ii l ~ ,L,~I wj;,;i ;p +.WGLJI ?siu- bJ+ LIAI IPL;~ ?+.L J+ w&;i ,A ~iI ;. ~.L,L~;II 441S &,> & .+I + d l ,+I ; G Y I &;.&,2 Iia ;.L2'+ J L ~ L-> 11550 >I+ a ~ L h i..pli,+Jl &U l ,&J ;A2,s4~- +.L 2 ~UlL ! dj &i.i\, .pL&l 356 $Iw L@I ;, +>jilp&L &'W.(&riJ~,J ;A, 1.8) aLo3i6' b k b ) fa L U 1 2jI-b)l L JL j+ii G&YI ;>+Ig -I &LJI J! ,&+I 3 u y 1;o ZUI 2 20 +A k;UI 220&Lo&?WI+I 3L.bi l p L l G J Z+IL&W ~ 'Li I.L .Ljl&l >G+i p di3'+I eUs&&i~ &$I 2 e& jl~;.b)l +k ;-!I & W I JY &LLil .dW13,WI J&J;~, ,< ' .-J 31;s d3JI +I &&I+! aJ+ al$9l DL &&&!I OU&- 4 1> $ j I$li;jl bJmr,i &+ a($> kgi3b;;kl~+ &I9 ~ 1 ~ ~ 1+&I . o L .+j jU0.b) +A&ill, 'i+l&ul &&dl +& k J+ + a ~d!j m,i~' ~ ~ d ~ 3 +I+! 2;A1?'dl &I$> ,J M I h- +I eU--i 2 2000 ?W L&I i v m l rlpb ,SWI +I 2 ;ihll;ll JIJ+I i~Lj), &!-CAIeUA 2, I N W I-dj; 23- A i r l > - ) ) JMI A '-1 ;o ,LJ .,(-I LLJI & ?WI JLyl ?l9b)l;p '+I, -dl L+Ai+ /I ;by1 i v U I %I-! Jl> Y & LI;~ b~ ;i J! (33 L) 2000 L&I V- :WI,MI ,G), ;o9 s ~+IL >9.119spCglk,g eg -~ I I J - Lb~hI @ $1 ipqioll a L w l JYA (p - aLWJ .ct~glL + I I AIU$I> O U ~ 6 1 ~ + ?h>' , + l ~ Y l l i AW!& $1 &$dl a&$l p a,;ir~ JL e u l,+Ii++ii ,MI LI-I .J+LAI p &i;, iJY Lii,,~j.2001,L ~h j UI JY~ $9; $>51I sill j>j,> &ll&* $>ill ;roI& $>dl W I & 9@I pLJl jL! d i g '(j~;p p .(FSAP)Q k l l a l r U l + $>.dl ,j3-> au~ 41d3 ;i J! JLJI I~A ;,&Uldl6 A 4 &14L> L+LQLaL4.y. i p - > L & p g d , ~ Y & + ; , ~ L ' @ I &iG6-3 .+I &Ysr0>C6;;1 pJ++ & j w I +ji> i ~ L +dpL2 L&A b . ~ J J ; +& +hl Qkll jljiY1 j,, &+lhll ; r _ ~ u ycL! ;$I J! 1 c,L &aiLLl> J h l J! &I> '$kll dI$,yl v A 3 ?&I -- IL j3ks .;&I 4'kg diSLI+ auc, ;oi&kF +Cll;Y>kYIlJdl+ & I&> ;JI $141J[ I+ .$kll e L y I w l LLJ>~I;, J[ ,#I3Gli ,~3 ,al+lpyl paLU4 J! WI LI-i 21~ ; ~ IaJw l I a w l a ~ & ,~yli + LSI J~~~ ~ Y L ;,+dl & ZklI p15 $Ip 3;t L L d I aktl~ pj*u@I )4~; I~Ac~i3g41 . 6 ~ ,J~.!A> .4&& a&$l &IJY p3> jpg '@I j;tJL A a w l SYU. +L+ ;i J! .klktllBbS+ p+&I3 &il$F-~ 1.- a*> a ~u 3-11;i l I CJLLWII~A +A ;,LLGU~kiCsi$41p ~ i J~~~ aI+%y!, a L u I +2i.uU a b d l jp J&I 9Uko klljy dig'klLdL+ khlriell ,Ul e U laK$ c>+ JLLgY; d J p '@I .&JI ;, $$ G ~& J w &O l * j w l &K b d &?Y@irobDJ&~ ;k . & C j r ' 6-3 >I I+ LO! wig gYJw~ L&I ialYelI-I-! 2S + ~ I b ~ s ;L-L~~.,w aw>lg0 LL[ 2000 a~~ +L iJIJ! D~JLD LLY ,J- 3lj3i &,is .eldl 4 bJ& (Kanaan, Tsakok) p ,p3 u$ - - I j @Lkbll>G J u Y l@I pawl awg ?WI ,(PER) ~ U yaLI-I l .JL ,&Li 43LI-19 '[CFAAl b-1 kJUl kl+Lvell 4.7 = q(y(,TchCI~ /I--" 19- 1ml r c f+Of -w/!iCT ZOOZ. l m i c (69pr%r!c+)* c f ? d c 7 I ~ I ~CI -( ( ~+(? 1 rchC!c+)- +""hC !#+)' 'f?dc7l?lCr 1-irlC! (LZ+(? 'f? l W c 7 IF$vrf14- rchr Idi")' IF- ( ~7iCr!rchClee)' c16?Imrh 9 ~ d r 7 -qc IP-IT! IPI- (IZF'chC!djh)3 d c 7 I ~ T T - I ~ ~ ~m? 7 lfiq ( ~ 0q(+?rchr!c+),C16--in 1 l ~ CFIR? m-~-,c? r m 7 1 f r l ~( ~ 9 1 rnrr-9-3 ~m + '-rrrr;.:f? T-F1mrIV* clrni- (PCFrch~!c+)s cf? d ~ -- 7 ~,-q+IF- (82 F~chc!c+)' c f e F l ~ ' &I-T-,?~ 1m4(OZI-I-- l r n ? 'FhC!c+). cf=+ d c 7 i q 1 2 161- (of1 -FT rch~!c+)' c f ? d c 7 Im? 1mrrlc (SF wprhr!c?"p c f ? 6 ~ q~! ( 6 prchC!c+)9 7 I-? ~ '-rrrr;.:fc? +'~mmL I- ~mr? x f ~ ?TI'! rrr! IX-r ( ~flrchr!c+), P Cf? 6 c 7 q r r ! 1 i q 1 2lh-r* cImf (OSZprchr!di")s ~ - - ~ -.. .... . . ~ ~ ~ \&-ITr SE 8L81 89 8881 08 1 K 9 ' 9 - 1 ~ S L98 ZE V8P OZ ;rcr;*- IXW OP S*LZ 001 ZLEZ 001 i-irie ifi*r~~~ I+ z 811 P 001 P iV+l1r-3 P OZZ 6 1O* LT iFrrf E 6f1 S L8 P !I-? Z Z1 0 f 0 lmr?r ~ v u ? 1 09 z 6E Z l V f ? i ~ r s 0 T ZZS 61 L8L EE IP"?*1lrrr2? E 901 P 801 S I& L PLP LT Z9 ST .'.IFYT IW-T~?' rc?2 m aid rt,a IFF, 8 0901 6 E ZZZ Z Z n(q5 rc&'l lKrSi\ 'IT TIT f +FF WLZ 7"r c k!,5"lq+ I& IFCS q-? r c & c ! ~ pn 16T l W 6 TIT lcri=nQ 9 1F'6lQ 0661 - EOOZ dll%lA7 ZLEZ m$Ip-,rSl? I? i g l . c + dl?!?? lp-,Q l m y - +=2 rn7n+l 6 T _+ ~mIF^$-;Ti ++2TTFqd iS I&~+I=~Q' IF. 4 r f v +T iqm?08dl1m2+i-f' if'm 1": l c in!?TI ;&V9119-19~ lmz). iLF"3 +i3 ,&t+12+3 ,$Wl elkirlle L ! S L pL+ elkhll t-3 ,kr,L;LlI JL%I U l aLU1&i&I $,JI d& S3.-Ul &I JGUI-&JI&I &LWI& ! I &> $1, a L U la&L JWb3 a ~ & l bk $1 p+W I sLUI, ~ ~ ;Llkll , l .CL+ a L U I b b &Li p, 'i&ll& a~&-i..(;>:;.'x-+~Jl&;tL $9, ,1987 ,Lc 2 (ITPAL)iJt+I3 LU1&LLi i&L ,1988,L (SAL)*I 29, p -I ,I, (EFRSL)&kll 2 eM13JL~I aL-> e L ! J U Y I iJS~JLJ $l*cb) L6YI;d3> '1991 G)l;g .~OOI, 1999, 1996 ,~+i p (ECAL)GUI '& 4 4 1bi,g3,~,4;1131,Q1~ el+ylJJI+L JLJ! $9 p $l+IL d i 3 ,&$j+i&tl d ,$ IL j ~ L I'L+iGp3 .(SAL)&I a~~ -1 .islml* &GpdI~ &ah j ddl;!l JJ~! a,iJl i 9 L $9 $19~(J'CS-I - &l3ih ~ g a- (EFRSL) SLJI~LLII~ a ~c >~ JLQI ! ,J&l &Jl+ylS &!&dl GlgLIL ,++ JL! i3;m1J ~ ~i; W I90 + j Y , (JA+ . d lsPJbi& G sWI~++i j ++JI a ~ G4.-. y~ G2 ~ a a +lJi yb9 ~ ~ jWl+JI p $l+IL eLLIllL j i 9 L S &+I1 -ml JmYl iJs~JLJ +I$$ L& &dl Tlhl*Ltc ;A- dk3.(ECAL11) & ij% .hjL&l(3 .G +JI aCrgbs~-4 + 'di ',A*? W I L& &dl JlJA91&.& JS +L ,.+(Jdi ++JI&' ;i i ~+ l3 ~ ~ - jw &KIIL U I ...- i3 Ljlgell .J+lg + i s ; a\.-'li? ;r°$d i& Lhbg &J*241 ;kllel~ ;IL> u i3 4 3 .L&I jP'L+i~2L1% j ,ir& irLj c&I & kirb141&i d, . d l j QWI j ~ ~ k ~ JIJ;YL& i d 1 [&dl *] >dl &MI 6-3 .di,LA GJl&bLll ++JL $jJI J! u3dI& u I p4i?6JIJ ' ~d&I ;$b $J I ;L;dI aLiljl j4;b Jlj!(J $MLs '+lgJI & .J*dlL.WIS & & a r i.--;.-dl ;Lk ?'AjIp! G-3 2 +'h;LY;+IlX ~ I+'WI ) as+ L5b! .-i i.~i d&l *WI $pll p &7l&l+())'p&l~>I,) . (ECAL 11) -MI ,.+JUYI 6siJ4; $139 JLLJ,~&,dl &I 3,-, J,JI &+!I;,JS +i LI;Lt!ij)L+ LJLS 'Lw1 iLL pL* ,L!J JSI?U;;+1;1k?+ &I $L& ;b91 .;..<;lla&& - - 9 .L 5dlak.)-.;(I&A - +> :'p,)&,dl &ll hs;L&I i&I ,(ITPAL) iJ+I3 L U I @U aLb, c L ! i L L+SS'(SAL)$&I -1 +P9 +A9'(EFRSL)JLJl clkhllgJLbla L > Gul& J U Y Iijs +1*6) J > ~-1 I ;kkr a~iL.4 ciJ+l y& aIi& (ECALI) al,~L-lI w(al,~L-lI wc3$) ihl, ,-I k l ; b & J a L L &.ill alaUl & J J Y i ;, ~ l ~ l & J & J s ~ G p 3 . @ l & L jL+ ' L ~a I i l UI ~ L L ~ iiU I +~ I J - 1994 ? L 2J J U I J - 2 1 1 di GJLSYI isiell, '(i1994 d3d1 -1) 3 l J J U I ,w#b++rl+/-rb ,1995 +.I L ~ I ,2000 ,u;; +w!, khLtiell&tl &ll a& -1, p.hY! &&.&LC L,Lh, 3 4 1 L!++ $.) UdJ aL-r;ll& &Y pp q i o 235-5 ;, a L d I SLk; y p ,J L I I j,pJllh-I3 . ( Z k l l p41-14 J! Z U I p QlJl &J(J &lLIJligj; J!L)Y;s; &I LLC &&I 'jpllal4L.i Lh;;LO ;, +&Ie~l,lL!2.++I1 + &,, - 5 , pill J U Y I t,XIyJI &.il&l& ,i+JWI i,t+I L k L &s,"lLl-~~Lad~ J-~)I &A JlyL r ~ 1 h 9biib1 &, .cr!9J99~ JL-YI a &L W I J k 9 l a L > &L& '-1 $191 .&,&I J&I! dlial~,lJl ;,Zkll 240-30 4 4 1e t i pI-+ .L.I+LII JLLI u ie k - 21i,t+~> p . , i +ai+ ~,&I di L, +i ,1987,L ;,,.,+91 q1-11 LLJI LL>, ;,idli,b;ll+elill &dl gc,pdi,'Ls ;'& i a U IGI+! p q,i A-JI &+!I L @ I &Ig .h.!9a9~ ~ k . dt, l Gkl ;,di,'JUYI 2 LiUlC ~ JcKi! J!L)Y;+ k;kllp30;,G&I aL+l , L B ) -dl .@IAJI ~+LLJGSC.+~:L J)C~ ,2001 ? L pLiLJlp J!a - - 27 \ I1t t ' s 1 - L x i i o 2.a; C~;YL, ,i LWI JL~I a ~ -3 > - 228$Q13 &&I U l $ &Lull J d I + h L 3 a& '+1;11 - -, - 'Ld; &I &ia d o h &idg .&+IdiJLj ~ -;J,~I, JJI;, JS G ,ZUI k,,&L& &&dl &&I&&G! -41L+II ;p ,LUX, .(L2 - ~ i Gc~;,I &?I +pll) 'pa w l oh3 'dlJA9l o h w aY- 21(jIs4112-41aL&l d& ,LLIY? aL4, '(ASAL I) LIJj.lI A&! JLA, L,~I JAIhirk, ;I& +;,;oy+ &+5ilI +g3'(ITPAL)i,wl3LUl@LLi jJi(41;s I Y + ? ~ LL$L~ L?$3 +) k&si JL?I a~~ us+ ~JL! +>, '(SAL)-I > 1 6 3 L _ ) L L ~ Z k l I ~ 5 ~ L C g l ~ i ! L + J k 9 l a L > cL! iiL '(PERL)LWI +>, .,&p3 pZkll C# ; G I c3-, ,(WRSL) JUl clkhll, ;,4;11~+~bp~A~;,~.+sp+ &?I 12, '(PICP) *MI cLkbllaI,kI L!++ &) ~ k Ypl XlyJl &.iL"-" &l& - m I &J ~ YiJGiI J L j+~$a) dmlg i 9 , ?u;; %+ +;i ;?I ~4-11JUI ;P I J!. bJ9+. +&I dL kbKa.LLlg .(ECALI& 111) ,91 J k Y I p iJt+L jLil L+ &91 &'LK L L GL ~ .(+id!b;r.~ L I LWI Gi) ;r, +A1J M L d l~b! ,pUk; ah.; +IS JI~;Y L,I+II JI-91 GI-> 4, ' d k i Jk&AA> aiKlj!+id1 Lib alslPL a& *, . < < & d U~+&Fti(n l $,dl U II A k l a-1 t,, ;, LUI ;iL,I+II JI-91 u iCL I+> $3 uiL,& jkiu iCI+ p p+ @MI JL, L,~I 3 4 1kek, Y+i;ILL, pL &I WIGL,- + ~GI - i; i ;,L+.I p&i.-4114- +, &$I &&Idill;,, U Ibjib;I& 2+I& a- ,aLL&YI & J d 1 3 ,+,4;11 L W I s+ :&JL ;elg? +F 8J+UI .L5JWIL W I ~ ~ ~ L Z I I a ~ c ~ P&&i,sy ~ L , ~ &&IY si J u lL4-14 LJLLSJCiL]I.!3WI p & l & i + l ~ G ~ p Y ; ~ j;L g . U I b j i b & gdLP;riYI p ;,LiLIIj ;I& .(I -3 $ 3 1 ) 1 6 3 w ~ d ' U I p L 2 + - = & 9 ,&A ;& 2345 L W I J k k l ,jL> L> ;, ;r.~;UIp9,i &,i,~,~ ;+I *+ 720) -3 J,+II) 2003-1i87 j(+I C~WI JL+! . ~p987fL , I 2 . 1Ip~,!i+L!- .(2 - . v ~ i1t A i L a d l a L U l , A J ~ Y;, a L U JLJ[ I Uyg ,@I+! & d l &+I, .i.-k.-;ll pL2 2 & J k k l ~l..,', (1994-1987) ljib ;,J,%l 3 L > &Y, '+I kkrugiell, i d 1 L W I LL3.alsLL.iylg kW1334413Llkji LL&A i ~ L y J K i ;r,a L L ) ' I b i &,dl ~ C ~ y ;i Y! .(PERL)LWI JL~I ~ 3 ~ > &a J& ?Y ;Lnirai4& 4; L"+$L &I a+L'L ,+I LWI JI-91 a ~ > y 2+I + J~-" 8o SIP d ,-I & , I & +> J~P! GP3 .'+>I cbl ' j t2? ,?,; G +,1995 . & .&Lk ,L i~ . @ W I tWlj . # d l tWlj 3Lb;roJY i $+'-4-Y3 +I eG2!+I jw1 J>I.;~:<: II~;.P,LL! - (ECALI) L L d l J U Y Ii& &l+9 i~Lj ,,i,~,~ ;& 570 dlF :.-;.A; IILI+- d, J u i+uJ +&I a & hg j g,1998,=L 2 >L,+ 2+dl., .i $., (DOTS) ;WI -91 JI;., .+Ld &&e&l~J-ll ijlL &+I+! JI;YI sri i#l +MI-l&I .zoo3 ;&I&! .i+didIi+riil! aL& i ~ Lbi d / &I ;dl a- 6b & ZWI 225 $4 ai+ 'Jlj &is& .(2003,dJJl &!I aL&) k_LcLi.+Yla U l u;u-!+.IF pJAdl+ GI-u ,i-,'k+i ;I& 2i d uZ+JUYI, ~ obiel paLJl& &!A6.ul+A~;, klLk+ll && >! $9 2jI~.;.blI&!I J3gt i&ldUA ~Le;r!, r&3JS%I~ J U Y IY xl&I U L h i l Uu -9 '&3JJYI J U Y ISUh h-1 pL,~I JL$I a ~ g+I +AIL tml uqJ . r L d l iW1v S . 9 &+J e u l &k b l )L,wl J k $ l kk;;;$ U U I &Id1 2e-hi jIp!JI-Is (;+I ks+14 .>WI eLkbll, L W I~ L gL-k,-i l L+L;.krFSb ,ch;iL$jLA.~/dAd ;)*&> .+j a\%.&&a 241 sUdL11 &Igg J!&jbs J3JI @I aLul+ &a dj,,Ys,;i;PJl &MI jgJs93 &lii;i 2 6 1 1 a L y I Q!d&I aL+L;LLYYI p, && sLQLi. (Ayadi,Matoussi, and Feser 2001)&&I J I ; ! & ~ p + ~ ; i j ~ ~ i + - j ~ ~ ~ ~ @'k,, ,1990? L L-31 &MIj &i jp '(INS)p L ) U p+l a Y - &$I 4,9, 5,7 42000, 1995, 1990 ?19i 2GJI & M I ~i Li~ a~~~ s,.JIAI 2,g3 &,dl +I .(ZOO0 +j) @I (3-1 ~~41) $I &+all s U U i i Y l & +A@ a w l .~&i&i,g/j J J / & i r i ~ / k ~ i ~ u "41.&I &a, S I ~ G pp ~a i~ J!,d~i &p ;.i3;L,L! p- 4;j+ G q J l lL &iZG &+al2s;6;11o h &+i&I i d lo h J- - jJ&l e3+, (ASILs)kcl,>l e k ! &,,&I J~Yi W l + b L'? &!&&I &i+ &,&I ? y J I i~JL 6 (WSIP)L ~ I J+I +2- 2- - eLLi GIs J&. ;MI I L gJ9&l &a3 .GI>( , al~Lil + d l pa~~~~ +,i &a p W [ i;U ' a w l ?l-l& &+I e~ +LA UI .Is$p Y JI;!GJI k_Lk ~ I J ! ++b u l pixi- &diS3 2005? W -1~611 ~ L i i - 1 pl*!p,,L e~ is&4~ pip e u & *;) +j ;)!+, p l d l J d , ~ J L b l l ~ & l , a h ! K6 'csdls -IJ>I e1~611 G- & b U I aIJ4h9 .(A- $,Jl, @I, L&l +J b '4,.di+ ?&l i+& +qj &.I W l &LJlf.lALlG50 :&A 'i$&$ &L f l ~ lh b U 1&ill3 owl 9-1 ~ b - W kc;, ;&I ~i ,1995 ,L j, .&,>I p1,91 &&Lg PISp J% ;Yo b u l p ~11~9~ J 2J 72 J; G p ';YI Jb . a w l J-I U Y I Y[ b& kowl &sdl &a k;kll &L;p]l ?L pJ ~ ++$1 I GL+I h9,~kij,~i ai+,1998 ?*JI pJ p L&I ~ ~ u YtoI Ih>jk> sLI&I & b k J U W W l $LJlg ? y J I b L i ~ b&j isdI . ? l . ~ i j Y I i ~ L 6 5 +++bwI J)leilp L 5 ~ %.L3dl e1j611&ak ?~LI b L k e l l - 4 & >Ip ?Uh; &k m I &!41 krlJjfLCJ ,I-1 +$L A .&dl U& & U I 3 "41 && Ll,; 18 @,,6rl J L Y I Jy J! J+JL W I J S U I :-I ~ J&LJ!J&I ; ~+IJI JSLJI, L k ,+- &dl &!I ,aG &?-dl DL --.I c)Ct .iI;UI - - & &lJj LJ 3 dL i1Ol3,illJliL5 jr JL &IJJ LJ L& ipi L+ dL ipi 158 2-YI +I IL J&.CI,i+ 100 =Ju& 1 :LL .-I 3-1 &iiilk* ;pk* 28 ;p ++dlp9l b.i.&K3 .alJLL5 (ODESYPANO) &MI i*Jl &$I JUlU2& . , d l &A y 2 3 .&lac 40 Jh L o L&+i ;L4;ja& 2 (GFIC)@k a l j +I& aLc+ F L i ! 2 (GDA) &l,; aLF9 ,&MI & U l idL> L & l I a.aU .&Y ~ i 833 .;k.lJ;1l & U I - awl3 Ljl&l&, +-djl&I &aaL.-< II .-I i;,ld! J-kll L ;4P;j e3+3 I W I &_>ill ,2u~~ L -Jhli &U.&Wl &LAIS w l &dl U l &L J pJ U Y elill ~ +. J U I&- i&ll & d l J M I &L e3& j r l ~ l 53000 $Ip dj &i3 . k K &Wl &U13 pu~ hj19 ~ j WIij~~!&3 j . j ~ .IJ* 4- &K >I e 1 j 9 1 & d l &Ul3 b/J)es@l I h +i+ a.aU3 &dl (ODESYPANO Z+Wl k3JlbF?41 J U I LLL LUI ,+91 e~+i14+I+I +I ~Y(L v.; i++! GL.;!*3 .i+1,;11+I&I ~ $ 9 + ,MI elkhu +I+ CLS- 36 LLi! Jjl&l i j l ~ ! +&! +3 . a w l cLiiy JI$,!&&+jlpi-)U+UiMi :LII L;?ii51;;11 gud, r;l L s _i+!&Jl aL+JI I0 el*! & &@I $W I a w l 3 +lJdl .((+so)) i~L.iJ&)dl +I kcji&I i ~ u l aJi - p) .& & y l & $ aIJG wd p&> +Ip!. &)dl & b J . C k .&4j 2&+Lh)lg i+&dl L+llga L U I &l$l+ jlkill L 1 ) kc- ~ - 3 +AI a~u~g n ~~;PLJI) , L UUI &L J-L i++.p3ps.(; 644 2 - d i J,+II) & d l dpJl ~ $ 3 )dpJI & -i)Iu".y5 'ci+ , h Y I &JU ye_rlkrill3LY1),"LM]l ++I1 , p1- Lad& &iSJl)';L1)dI~UIp $&I +& . e U l I d j+Wl ,&)'I &KO ;LA W l w l @IJ.lI jlh;! &LAp d b ,G+l +;+L ,,-&(;JI As4)Jl i~kl+ &&&I JkLUk O d 1+&!ak+ ?Uii JI;; u ;,,wI 11-91 A L ~ ;p .+~eri JAA> &IS lj! kill+al+l*b a+ 4119; . u & J ~ - I +&9,, J k %+ .G+I a- ~JL! Lp) &Lill &4cJ.!1 &&I J m I iJ1J! 51J.ii L i L 2&li! d)- . kL;L!L+ (ODES'YPANO) c &I & & i ~ l ) JIy Y &I ,$I & M I ;& al,G>;i; pLA'&$> I& & U I a15G p .iiW ;K9 .+I ;i-I +ill ,sI3i~I JUYI)2 j~JL~ &Lli sl~C;l3 ~, &)M Ij L d I i 'b&dI .A; .A%) -1 a\* - II3LF) bWlpliLvO h3.&q jiL,L-WI +I a~-) y S j :&!&IJ-!I &+!IJ& jK ri5+l &LL; -611 &-- tt.; L+LLII +>I wL2',pljjJl JLL~)'~)L+~ljyl&+l vSj3 & &j @, - &l,'Yl a1JkGkdl L/SUI e b i 2 "4i&+ll LJWI & M I & & ;;I;& - p,J+C~LPII$q9 .Jg31p ji.GJI +id *) al& +l*!-+l & ?& ;Ir! &L '-1 &LcJI3 +I* .i++II &liU ;L;L?l dlllb91&i& >9pc_>o +>I +ill 2 &+ll ?Lg..!;LS ' L a 1 2) . i dLLg..! ' ; L . I ~ & I I 14, & .&dl d13.91 3 - ,,t $!i&i 4- p 'i'b ~ g 9;$L 1 ,i,m~ pa~lr;~ die3, hiJp3 .i& al+ r,+, JUI&&A .LA1~ p+L j i a & +, 'k;> i J eiJ&l & p i @+I s k Y o Y l &h LJYl y j k l J! L Y &g di3;qkrll bjib 'el+ pb+ GJ+ ,1361+eu ~ ~ +$ d l1 +,+$is LqJdl bjib +3 . U I J l &~J U Y I L i l i d l & i J d l i ~ L j e ~ i " - i ~ j L ' ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ + . C I J j i i + L&+ ,4 sbb lJg &.LUJI3 &51ulI sYLajYl ' ,, 2 0 - 0 +IJ+!-YI . s Y W I & 3 . (ECAL111) ~ '+AI L., LS j~j~ c~>y~ &+ 3i &L Ijib Ll+- @J+@I ? b 3 , & A ! jkL &I ?Y L G *W ~; J I 41di ;U3.++I1 >J% &260k k!#9J9?1 e J ~ YdJk I yjqj &&lj-U L JXI+ f.&i .-S'/'IJL-Y/ +I LlsLL $1 Z U I sLs+l k6K &+ 2 +&I ;.JI (s- Jc &is ,#>,?I 3L;Y13 J ~ Yijsi I 3 L j&I*? & & . !&>j) I $>.dl (;$ G& &.j&W #>j9611 &+!I9L@& kllSJl p- d3J>?~ JLYId-9 L A U I .((ECAL) +, ,;LIC, a~64;3AhJi Gp ,1996-1977 ;6;j - (AFD) klKJls (KfW)4 I & ~ b l ;& 742 &3J3913L;YI L ~ >I i L U I t~ J , , & J Ib ~Gilll+_31 ;khill pL o b L , ,i$L. +&I L j I 9 +gj% ;& 324 L+ '>j% 3L;YI G3&+a jL+ + .ISJS.LII J w .j&M #>,?I +I & ;& 418, i, ;K ~ > J41 I ;>wI;L j&3Ji~~ ;i=rd;ll i3;L:;. JY LJ>~e l k ! G,+ &jib PI,^ +,$I JIU! JK~&Yj ,i+~i L+ i+u'ku?, '&!1> ;>$u iJ13!, GIJ$l i.;?;i&;~ +I LCI~;7;>J?> J-dWI $4; ~ 4+> ; . - d ~ ~ri+LkI kt;?)> g & r - - ~ ; . u ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~'Y+i ji ~ i6.h- . ~JY+ L U I L& a+ ,1995 ?lc XIS1 &>a\J b &>j>?lJ ~ Y I &p& (1999-1996) (MEDA I) 11- p&JL!j &- >!&>~>LI3kYIb4;>.@ dl$?\> &j jug1LJwlaL_cl~i p'w3 .1999-996 u ',Wl aiJl pi . L W I $4; j $>.dl +I i L U I&i Z L l I + 2 48*s; G p 'aid1 J k l A Y! L W I $4; $>.dl &$ +% >j% cjg-l-L1 428,4 ki1wI9 pLJI I& L l i l l +;i ,m ji &+a b ~ i~LUI $14~ 21 &is -I .&MI &I3 2 3 - 9 G&.!I i j G i 3 L i &I*? w l &>>@ $>dl .(ECAL)& M I J.c J U Y I A jLbLd b.(AtDB) &S'/ +.a &f/ #>j>?l +I rh'"Uj "slits >>?I &I ?i ,+s3 w+.+?I +I k_;L?Id U &is &,g i Jc dJ% ;& 620 GI+ .idLI+! ugcj~* L , I +$ e U l Q+lI &L3 +L?I Je ji+a +,?I +I c ~ i ?L p~;3i~i+t- ,1968 p (MEDA 11) 2 I+ pL2 ,+c-d G*> . G JL L + &>i ~Y>J;;st 4290 J Jk!~a~4;;J~~dr;+.&I ~ i3~j G +La ~i~3 3(2006-2000) ; ~ i 84 i & U ,LA!, (2006-2002) +?;-?I hk;> 2 >I ijLLL;,l L+$u3.* ,Y33 ;& 250JJLLo;kdirLI&?I .']lrl LpA jb! .(2004-2002) $/&lv"$lg~kjyl ~ ~ 9 1 1&i3.~+LI a~4~ 2L+ &,i +.a &>,LI b~ 249 - ~'2i I+ 3J4? +&I , & + d l U l p ,>&I3 , L d l:aY- nl;;;;;;;;;;;;;;k>i ;.JI L U l .J.&.+lI -1 &I>? &Sillg,=JI -Ig ,klJJlg ,k;Lell ~ ~ l p d l ~ ,aL+l $Lss kJ&> 'Gldlpj L i l l j ~ l p 1 .? G w l , A , ,<-Jl $9 - - &>Pp S14L(+-dl -1 2j d I C-II XJLL y'?%)'I k e b)(ECAL)LALIIJc~LaiiiYli j d i i 3 L j I+ ?Li >I a w l + L L 3 .i+~LiiYl>+l+YI +>'YI & ! I & aIh3 ;O iu3;g-l-L1 330 $Ip 2 ~ 6LJUYI 1 ~ -1 ;'L+ &,,91 JUYI I;+I L,&I J L ~ I ~SL> u3 '(&a U I C, ?Li ih;JI s)4WI ,y$4; yb J U Y I yL2 i L LJ b irkL;j! &e (SME)+I kkvrgLell> &.lL&IA&- $4; sY.+!dl &jib .SS.dI ~,,L_;II JL~I~L', i;'&41PIel~31S'PI~LaiiiYlC&;'& IJL! .&>>YI JLYI dl+Yb (Mise a niveau Progranr) p....;' +WI L~;Y> lUw~ -I i-u +,,?I +I &+a ;>+-,-\I -i3 &i j d I i341b'k $1 &o s L W I && & w l &>J& -)ell aL>@l 2(j6j-l ebdl G3 J! +$I ~ J L J &(ECALS)& U I &J ~ YiJJ &l>k I e u ,yL++~;,Y"! i3L.I &WI> ,*WI .d,.dI +I p6 j U l @I am'& +I;,Q i ~ L r ! ~;oLWI J L ~ I L i ~ L J $3 &I J! (IDB). WCr)G,l'/&/ (Mise 2 niveau Program) Ld L;IIJk;dlaI...,', djj, -3 ,1974 ?L kth;u ,LyI 2 @I $4; d3J33~JLYI +i ,i+i3 .(I-1 Jby~) @ b y 1 J L L > .& i&i& aLY+ &I uJiiDFLS UL alA& (;ui &&I LL!JUi ip$4; 2+ d l J* kth;u .d3J3?l 3LYIA I S L pLA 4.7 5.2 4.1 6.7 kwh~ j ~ p*Jl l 3.5- 3.0- 2.2- +/Ui;w Jk! -&53.,i"Yl 2002 2001 1992 1982 O w ( U b Y l d , Y ~ d a h ) LGJYl 6,606 4.014 1,980 (,$) ~IJJWI JLY! abY>dl&h) a l J J v ~ ~ 6,857 641 610 609 911 >J;.& &dl jl- &wl jl- J>dI w1+* dLL+JYI @.lb +&I alr,h~. &&I J-i .Is LUI a u L l l j L iJLill ak$& as+l dl- JPlrll iiu;%)'W~#Jk!rj~- 6 Y di+lm~ 1 d ' J j ,*dlJaJ J h j + + %I# JJL; .+dlJad JLrpl rj.@+ CYddirlu W) u.4 iiu;.x)+~e~ J~!&JN+&JJU (+ JL~.!%) [LA ti9twjl i W lbi@ C I - # $ W J ~ ~ X ) & ~ ~ ~ ~j-I-W W I ~ (+I +!@I 2) IoL.LYIgWjU lL@I (w Jb!oL.4.~pWloI,JL X) (J-4 +j @lj# X1OLdb ,+ 131435 ('WJ elill 1)@JW uW1J+-J (+dl JaJJIJbi hJJ1 gP?- %) L* (*4' JaJ Jh! %lvb~W g~?- &J OIJ,W&~ JY &.b dlul&-f J+. (&dl emJh!4 %) 14 b 4Z L ~ OfdIayI JbiX)GUY1++! @U Jhl%)$--Il~li~VlJb! (gli 15pJlrrl;lajll;+U411&LllX)-1 it @AI &'Jl JJU (i,+12 x ) ~ Y I ~ W I,0tlw4 JC~LLI ~ ~ ~ I J u I ~ ~ % ) & - . ~ A - J!J.-JI&~~ (L*L" WAI ~ - ~ , ~ ~ J ~ & ~ I & ~ ~ J u I ( L . 4 L " (ydJ&Y ;u&.rt. %) (JbY X) W&yI c r ~ f 4SuYtJ- - 1 (JbY) X) h.+wcr~l44GuyfJJU (*w4) 6- Jb! iiu;X)G'W~r;J- (;&dl 4~ Jb!LLLin)J&WI3 L %f (aI&l4f h Y 9 & ;C*&l (iblJl iI+ t Y 9*Ir 4 ~ ) J* cp"Ir Ja b4i~J- (# ;*.jJULI %j&UQIAZ+YI -14lYI j t ; J- (# ;*.jJU'Jt%)&lipW&YI uJhrJ4 &Lily1JJU wtiit15*lrrI &jll&jll ;r*L&l X ) #I @JI&LI JA. wtiit1s ,,sYJlsky1&#L&lj!) ;+ilyl ,JI Z.&LIJ- * &'-- +rub+ ,w+" +ruw ,'+"'r'd +rub+ w-'+"' r'J" -r' w-'+"' O (XIrlriu ~ J r l (x) (1)4- ~ J r l (14 (XIowJJJ +UJ4 4 0,446 +A 26,O C ~ J & 32,6 c k & 17.3 198511984 ,+ & 2.7 13.1 3.8 18,O 1.5 7,6 199111990 0,395 4.4 19,O 6,7 27.2 2.5 12.0 199911998 0.36 0.3 3,O 4,4 cL& 2.6 198711986 0.40 3.6 14.4 5.1 21.2 3.1 12,4 1992 0.36 2.5 11.7 4.0 18.2 2.1 10.0 1997 0.36 3,03 12,O '2999 0.36 3.01 11.6 !2OOl .1I,, 2002 .j,d UI i Adams and Page 2003 d-Jl (..IN) iJY&!l J;@I&I dL+! (sl&JL) J L i ~~ Y&a @&I d (a13iJL) JU i ~ Y d $+&&I &. edr-.i~)+~..hi3J- (pb &) &I 4 1 4J- (4&)&%I ~4?j31 J- (i~(31I~f+ru 6sYdk al* JY) L$H -1 Jut C 3 - Y X) i;U.4r J- J!&&!I J= ( h u t &* X)&l$ .bJJYI J!-1 i,dl (;UI &3-X) 4 ~ 1 $ h 4 r JJYI J!&d J= (i&12g s 1)$WU =LiW . ~ L W JU~I 4 (i&125.1X) -I .SLWL, JU~I- & v ; u l ~ X ) - d H a L * J = ~ & t d l (',=-- LJJ@ J.11..y *.J ( $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; , % ) & L ~ W I ~ ' ~ I J J U ($5bi k15;, ..WWI 34..i(lJ- E) (&ik15;, ,&I i z)&jl~ *'ul J- ; I ~ ~ C ~ ~ ) L ~ ~ I $ - C I ~ ~ ~ J = @ I J = L J ~ ~ I (- Lr.,JL &Y +!J LLJl&b!I $ ;Iwlt3-Y X)&I $cpLJ-aL* J=@I J=6,dI (- c?, *d dill-1 &Ul$ ($L 4;IJqYI wJd4 j U Y l X) Jyl ($LJL!.4;l&YI X) u,ldl.+ j U Y l J- ($L&.i u,ldl+ X) .i;l&YI j U Y l J- ($L iU;WI uJd4j U Y lJ- 1) ($LJL!.QWI X) u,ldL+ j U Y l J- ($L .iU;Wl g)&j u,ldL j U Y lJ- (ylh!X) iU;WI p,ldL+ j U Y l J- i;l&Yl uJld4.YI~I &.i+Yill J& JA +I (+olLL I YI I&I &a 1)&I&! WWIcpb'ul t MI3'Jh! *ylL+! (&dl &. X) 3L!,,J.dl* . . . . . .- . . . . . . , . . .y.:<-&.+.,;.,,q,$> e 2 ... .:. . ,. .. .. .- * . ..y#;::. .. : .p.y " ,:-:;,;. ,v.:Fz)!':/, . . .?*,'q ..... . .,,.. .;{% . ,,, .k;i,,:.; iLL. jU! $\ \\V J;Yl&IS/-J -- =YI! +> $.Jlg!w -441 y.9jLrtiYI&U .&UI .Li U IJ= A U Y IiJG i~l+j &1+9 L&&U >Wl &dlJU! el,illy+ J!>+Yl j A J ~.Q+ 4>LhbJdl d&ll &Li +> sfi . t U IId-L >>Li +Lb! p3 j L& hd GLY;. I+ .iJ3Jl&WI?_k i - &Wllh&isd(ECAL11) iJu&v\I >Wl &A(j&! diJ#&dl $ JIJA~ u udrl*YI &AyffYtk$Jdl~ W+dl0Glr)l&b jp! J .(ECAL11) JUYI LJI .I990,k &I,! jEFRSL JUI cU!, JL'YI a L >=&! i&W&gJLh!j i,r*il;ill$dl OL,.l+h &Li J- *d&+ -rcl CAS Tunisia CountryAssistance Strategy .I - [-ltt;utu Pub FromUniversalFoodSubsidiesto a Self-TargetedProgram: A Case .1 Study inTunisian Reform W L C r J l Morocco,Tunisia- ExportGrowth: Determinantsand Prospects .1 Tunisia -PwertyAlleviation: PreservingProgresswhile Preparing .2 SR for the Future(Vol. 1-2) ER Tunisia-Towards the 21st CenturyfVol. 1-21 .3 PRWP LogisticalConstraintson InternationalTrade in the Maghreb .4 SR FromUniversalFoodSubsidiesto a SaH-TargetedPragram .5 Tunisia's Global Integrationand SustainableDevelopment: Strategic .6 Pub Choices for 21st Century Impternentationof UruguayRound Commitments:The .7 PRWP DevelopmentChallenges Pub Trade Policy Developments inthe MiddleEastandNorth Africa .8 PRWP Exportsand InformationSpillovers .9 WtuJ Tunisia-Higher Education: ChallengesandOpportunities .1 Educationinthe Middle Eastand NorthAftim A Strategy .2 WP towards Learningfor Development Pub L'Enseignement SuperieurTunisien: EnjeuxetAvenit .3 -tu ESM114 ESMAP Tunisia - Inter-fuel SubstitutionStudy-A JoirrtReport ,1 ESM136 ESMAP Tunisia -Power EfficiencyStudy .2 Tunisia-Energy ManagementStrategyinResidentialand .3 ESM146 ESMAP TertiarySectors Increasingthe Effiiiency of Gas Distribution -Phase1: Case Studies .4 ESMAP andThematicDataSheets WsiE EWP The Greeningofthe Ecomio Policy Reform(VoL 1-2) ,1 JuLclt DWP ExternatFinanceiothe MiateEast-Trends andRospeds .I WP M a k iMicroFinance\No& intheWddk East and Nwth Africa .2 twrrwtm Haw Accw t~Can-tiwrm FertilityandGwltf~ceptive.1 PRWP UseinTunisia DWP T o w a r d s ~ V Cia$:WitionRew'ew nfMNA .2 w RisksandMagmewwgicfmpetof HN/ADS intheMddbEast .3 PRWP andNorth Africa: Why Waiting to InterneCan Be Costly Lmx. abu.I 02/28/98 Pub The World Bank ResearchObserver .1 CUJubKl 01/01/01 OEDRP StrengtheningTunisianMunicipalities to Foster L m l UrbanDevelopment .1 01/01/02 WP The World Bank in Action: Stories of Development .2 03/31/02 WP Initiative in Legal and Judicial Reform .3 *JClLtt.Lq*t'--J 07/31/93 PRWP Optionsfor Pension Reforms inTunisia .1 05/31/95 PRWP Tunisia's Insurance Sector .2 06/30/00 WP Tunisia -Social Structure Review 2000: Integrating into the .3 World Economyand Sustaining Economic and SocialProgress U-WtUtrll 01/31/93 DWP Privatization in Tunisia .1 11/30/94 SR Tunisia -PrivateSector Assessment .2 12/14/00 SR Tunisia -Private Sector Assessment Update- Meeting the Chal .3 lenge of GlobalizationWol.1-3) 01/31/01 PRWP Is Inequality Badfor Business: A Non-Linear Microeconomic .4 Model of Wealth Effects on Self-Employment r W t U M 09/30/99 Pub Partnersfor Development:New Roles for Governmentand the .1 Private Sector inthe Middle East and North Africa t'U 10/31/91 PRWP Optimal User Charges and Cost Recoveryfor Roads in .1 DevelopingCountries Lr;JIirWltu 01/31/96 Newsletter The UrbanAge - Innovations in UrbanManagement 3 (4) .1 VYJ**I+L#awt'U 10/31/97 Pub Water PricingExperiences:An International Perspective .1 LJbill i ~ W%I,L!l CAS a l l - 4 DWP r ER iilblltlhi~,I-I!Jc iyWlyLx UU ESMAP ul, .. u +. u.~b i i u k EWP &Ldl+i LliY ++I +l-Yl/r3;11 DEBAR aLL+Jl Z)Y? Lli iiu& PRWP Lr?, Pub @U,& St7 www.wds.worldbank.org ~;;;YI s& . ~ W& d lI, - l L py&jfiCJI .k +JJJI L P . -1 U l .lmagebank . , d l .u1998QUIUI L. -91AI,~I+ ak&~$id ~ ~ 1 - 1a- ?ILI2 i+did- .2003,bi/,~ 1+ +i,ldyWIJI &UIUI@ , d l +I t uSillillt&JI +I tullillillt>+.JI +I t uFIJI +I t uwMlt*;-" +d-G]?( tut>+ JU iJL! t- e"'+I &>+ -(m) JWI +I LW &'YIt-I (PAQSET) +++t- -(TN) ,&I L + J I &'ul d lJc ilhJl&lid1 jsflI+Ip ~ 0 5 5 8 8 y... \\\L 'jUb a.,iullJLaIf \ \ \ A \\\I . y.. \\\\ \\v\ \ \ V \ JUIL i L $,pIJ>I cL)'I t- *Jl a ui>l~)' &A1 t,;-" *A' ""+t& aLWI t;;t3+ +'dl;UY] @lJlt&dl ASAL I1 tCki A& t3+. &ill dLJ)'13,plJl &+.I1 t- aLWI j W I t3;-II LI>>Ituj$>LdLw j w t&dl i&Jl&%91&+ t,+ P ' 8 L L Z 0 8 S L 8 s Z'OE Sz 65 9 ' s PZ 9 ' L E 0 ' 0 s S'ZP 44 S'9E "4 ZE 44 8 2 44 8 1 *y+ PZ f4 L I 44 S'8 y 4 E 9 y e EE "pn S'SE 44 SZ'P S Z 3 8 SZ'8 9 S L ' L S L ' L S L 3 9 SZ'8 SL'S SL'E . b w u ( ,-1 -91 n(2001WUl U I )&Wl tUl@ &&dl a.s +I a Y u , st&) W W U l )*I, p+Yl +I*Yl, UWlU I )? M I&dl iJIJ!%I-b .(2000 &Ul&!dl L% A kbdf · jlrY1, a l ~ dslJ~Ldl l -- tijJ (2002 &Chill4,'(1995~ WUI)I -I Q ~ d I a ~ ~ Y I i ~ l i ) p w ld l+,'(1995 iJwl U l ),Wl *I +I @Lilt*[+ (1996qw UI) >+I, UiWl (AAA) k L Y 1 , W+WIi~s;vI JLU% - COO2 ueuuood 'r uee!ls!~g3 UalW '0 a 0 W U - 2002 q!qJeg s!nol-ueay W W '0 aJoPO@lU - 1ooz q!qJeg s!nol-ueay e!onjaa ue!is!~qa - OOOZ q!qJeg s!nol-ueay qonjaa ue!is!~qa >.I" [brahim Eltoumi 2b LutfiBlzabis Lo 2.1"~HofiaEl-Bahri ssdl(;sWI3 iJ1;, U I&>Ih ?L>so 'Kame1Ben Rejeb -12.1" c Khaled Kheireddine Js;l~ -L~I 2b' MonirBoumessouer 2.1"Slaheddine Kalat Fouad El Shrafi I .& L L I J ~42 ~Nacer Kamel I ,Lutfi Frad 6 . a L d I ' Mohamed Naceur Braham . L ) U +J'I 4 1 &IJ+JI ;,LLdlg LKhll 25.,".MI ,sL 'KhalifaBenFaqih 2.1" L+Liyl ;,LWl ,,sL 'Foued Charfi Abdel Maid El-Wislati L A &ill I 2.1"'Borgi Kacem .Abel Hamid Triki - 41 Moncef Youzbachi ,=MI2d1'Habib El Montacer d+yl s e L c .Badreddine Barkia V U I &>I& &lJl3 a L d I . d e L 2.1"SamirBrahimi tk2.1"BelhadjiJameleddine 8 Jail1t l h SLrll*I tl& ?L2.1"SalemMilacii aLIJdl 'Abdallah Riahi 4 +&I 'Mohamed El Hedi Zaiem GU13L U IiJ1h & HamdiGuezguez i31h 1 @I3 ~JL!L ?L2.1"RicihaBen Mosbah y ~ 6 +dl +r L.,WI JLLI 3 ~ > Mohamed El-MonsifBen Saad $L 1 (Mise a niveau Program) (>&I +) L+II ?L &i ISIUP ~3ut-.2.1"Mohamed El Kamel 6 a L d I- ?L2.1"' Abdelkader Lgoulli >&!IJLLU'Abdelmalik Elsallami elbill~.,d jldl _,.I" 'Ahmed Midamia Ferchio Assoices '?L .Nouredciine Ferchiou (WC) &I Axis 'YL 'Ahmed Benghazi 2.1" ?L230'Muhamed NazarEl-Aish Marouanne El Abassi d 9 J l 2.1"'Farahat El-Nasiri IACE ,LLU Faycal Lakhoua .Mohamed A.I" El-Nasir + SWl ,&ill, @I &> &L3' b 4 - e Mohamed Ben Hamouda @I L> JMIGLd@I :,$dl Ai JW1 ,&ill3 [ L I ~LXill &$I ] @I L> .@I Mohamed Mounir Hedri LO J+ Berraies Mohamed SWI+.dl3 @I rs4Cil13bw1~ I J ! '&&.Jl 'Said Helal (FAMEX) a1daLlI #i+ & u l ~u $JUYI3 k & Y l & i i ! l A& Slim Chaker 1 &MI i+JI J ~ k?LA& 'Abdelkadar Hamdane l J U I 4Li; w3,413 s-I Mohamed Trabelsi 1 .,bYI3 &&I ?L2~LOAbdallah Mallek w l 5-13 4;iu+>'JI 41 & i J JL,)'I l A& Bellakhal Moktar Lo + d l '0.Ojo pb &,i +J 3 ~ A& ~ 0 +L 'Kachouri Mondher S ~ U l rK. Diallo & JWl +I3 & + . I 1 '@I &> L&, '@I,;II J U Y I 2i;& (SahlaMezghani -91 a L j Yl *I a m ! , ,LYIJ '3,bl 'p J3i>& 'Bernard Brunet l [ ? ~ l #I] &-dl &J Ben Mohamed Mongi J3i&& ' Manfredo Fanti 1 ;Lbll- &+ e ~ + A- G ~ U I ' Paul Mathieu & +I3 &I &> &,~AbdelaiiizMougou +,.,I &dl eLlS 2+,Philippe Massin &ill dJ SUI ,-i ,Ampar0GonzalezDiez ;,,I3 3lAJ)'IklKJ,Hamda Zeramdini Gd13 k W liJiLL o l i a t3+a &A, ' & i J l Z&J1 -1 ,Ll=G 3+,Jose-MariaBellostas d l ,&all W I &*I b;;u & u Y lWI., '&all (U&ll ndl) 'Theodore 0.Atdcrs (&L G+ ,Christian Delvoie V W l adI.pJGWG,tYill &I;, LL,i;,lJ[, J3j,A) ,Dimlnitri Vittas 4ICWl%d13&JI ~AhmedElAchek (s&tdl $+I J U I;iiiliLO aLMl-81pll 2 a w l &L&,) 'Daniel htchie ;A ?kU J U - I'BadrBenAmmar ~ (&&I +Wl &ill3 aLIJ.Jl~,IJ!?LA& (cl+ll Jlui;j &,) .LF John Page &dl3 sLl,sll ~ I J ! 'Abderrarnan Chaffai ( L , &J-I i+) 'Aristomene Varoudakis but +) 'Cecile Fruman ,?WIL)YliLgPII 'Ahmed Ridha Fekih Salem ++Yl &dl Lw deUd2b) a Pedro Alba iJId! ,%k (&,iju3 ~+IIk'pld~m,&JL~;~~YI~ L,LI iplJLlklK3?L~b 'Mohamed Gharbi A J U - Y I c l d l 'Mustapha Nabli &+Yf LF &,3 ';-dl acljjdl 1-1 &,,AhdellatifGhedira 2l+>i J L ~~ 3 9>&I Gh+ & ~ L i . i Y l ~ 1 e 3 ~ 4 l 3 4 ((J3.JI & I 1 ,LjI&13 kLk;;ll +L 'Lamine Ben Hamadi ;I&;c&&dl A)'AnwarBach-Baouab (AFTH3 &..ti+_ttg L A kt 1@I. &I ;ILUI L5JLl) 'Gillian Perkins (OEDST LWl&;JldL3 >3- ,+ dJ ,Domenico Fanizza +L) ($>.dl &I @ 4IJL Nouioua~BaderElddine -1 & I 1'&&dl &.!I ,;,l_lkrll+ 4 rDjelloulaSaci &J &L>I ~ w l AbdelOuahabGhazala +4 &dlLyl&.!I @ .-,- +,i + a ~ p ~ 2 ~:L ~ V ;i L! ',-/! ?> aIi UJI ~ 1 ~ +i 1 3 ~;b; :d>3 1 ~ a LL~ ,ik b~ $+ p ,-I & J&I ~ U I y b e ,J(i) ~ J,+I I +3i ++i :(+) >i,+is+ . @ L i d 1 a l e % y L JYiYK <+ LA'& a l V u 1 &,J:,A>& ,J(i):ci~ " b ,-I J I ~ ~ I +i 04 A&>+I -1-31 bi ;UI pr;u 41YI++i:("),i3sqj& * + +,I .i+LLJlale12Yl+ JYiYK&+id1 ' I LS;IUWI p ~ 2 +:d~-ya;+i i ~,UI, &JI ~ 1 ~ +9+ib~ 1 Y+ & GLCYI J ~ YiIGUI p+ YI> +> 24u~a;~ J I p+i3,,&EJ+ Z+II j u y ~ -,i +@I & J+~ . G I 3 4 1 a l e l * y L + & L U #%)'I &IL (OEO)ol&.dI +- t= +a d&d1&i! s i++Y J ~ ~ 2 I+> I (IDB) & U I ~ L I j s l, l L~ i l s I Y U I & cuir; +L c;pi li)s,331 es '+dls @if++ cpu;++elill t91 G\UUI + d&Ib al&.dl +~,IJ!t,j3UL > 2003 ?L d,i C5.il~ jskl +I &4;;, 9s - J~,LII SWI d-~gr, .2002 ?L j3a)l& , / * ~ ijJJ61~2 yb qks &~$41j! +I LL~ LGL C5A IL &I+ L . 3 $9 p &%)'I &+I i j Y A s i + 31k; YP;h3 .I976 ? L 2 LILAG& b-4~;rll;?~ yb u i & JWI L , I a ~ u ~ .aL9&I J U Y I LA+ &I i&Jl a L L ? laJi C ~ J W Ucl~Y1 2 I 5 i&!LLkhyz! +&I .A*-- yw~+~L,.~L+YI~ JIJJ~ .L+ ;, UGWI i_;LhllJ 22,8 ;o+I @Ul $k> -1991 & i;nll JKiGkll p 4.8 &!1986-1982 u W I ~? 3 ! I;OJS -1 . L+ .2001 d+!+ ;i J~JAI +z~.id*LLSI C5Jw~ JLJl;u LL;J 2002 tk yLdlFUI 2 11 JS+~ UE3~d~ I &I & c b w ~kpJ2001 ~g4i i j ~ ~ L~2003 41~ci~.y;a~vJi 3 ~ ~ J 3 6 P ] l & g . i ~ a I ~ i ~ e & & ~ 31,i >&I ,++;i CW IS 2 ,GWI 4 4 1J- -1 >&YI3 $SJ;Yl JLNh-1 G~JJUI ,J;u @L%I &Wl;p tui p.3 .dwli$~ t ! ,->I J+JI J U Y I +Ix csdl d K lj!L4iiLgib U l tlld+iIL LCi, . k I* + L U I +Igo t*; 4s 2 hr?sJ3k~ JLYI :p~~+LC.& ;,-I WI .2008 ?L &J ,ill +I S b !bss .& k_Spc 24 jL;I ~ Y U5-9 aLg&l $LA ,b-hl'++I I ,L&J j&94,48 d!2003 ?CC U +I + 9311hs.&I +I p~aidlp Ji,&)L! ?l&I >,+ I - JLjs;E &+ jl?#I ~ 1d~b &E~ ,L+I u&IJJI&I 9 , c ; ? d l ~ * : ; o ' & A ~ u l y h i + ~ 2ah3+dl LiLLjU aIA& (;JL.J&I3 &+I1 .-I &J ++II +b 9 1 a ~ t ~ d 1 c~Ji+ G~ i,L aL3+ 10a+I .I& . i & J l ~ rI-! .+ +bis ts+ LILA ;K L+'4;s >i +L ?lPk! 3 djb &pL> Y L GP-9 .U9LAL J1425-1423 ;Al &a w l 3aL;;ILdI) awl!i,+lI puV;+ sbli,l a - l(;~_;LII dig,L+l g l lG I J ~ Y I LLL LSjKj "+> F ~ p I A-1 &I h,&l a-1 &&.& .&&I p L- ,JU;S; ;L+L L I ~ &iJW1&I > p g &%?I $1 U W l& U Y I i,ld+l r,&I-+ '$+"a ;, +, i J L 1 2,L~I +I> .~g! ,+G i s s ? '&Ad! &%?I d+u C531+ll&+dl a- 3ih ,GI- y ~ ~ GSii a~~h~+ + - w!J+kP;;U &%)'I &$I iLL ,L\ +La,L;L - -MI t U I-4 & L- .LC;PII i ~ ~ h l ~ ,hi ;i;,uk +,+ LAL @ +I > d l J bwl ~sIJ~JA! 5u &K3 & L y I +I aL3+ &., &&jli @LJle U I aI,L! &*Li &> (y'(ZLell p 45) k_sdiLU '(ONAS) L d l $ L d L U $L~I &-!I & ~ ; 4 p ; ; u & ~ y I ~ l & & * - L C ; J I +JL,~'UI ;o~WI +b ~yd+ g ~ b . p j l &k;P9.&i&LA ~ ~ l x & l ~ ; , ; t r > ~ ~ J . A W l ~ ~ l + k Y l JL 2 s . (SONEDE)b y 1 p i sJ%Y +3SILdlbwl& k J y d l JJSA bp L&iu @ L y I +!I ,+ shb ' k J U I &LJl c+l ;.s . & U I & &L3+ &., p Y+s& is91 ,c,, ~P;U &L~I&I t.i+ hi '&i .I+@ (SONEDE) a w l JK;LYY . L A 1&UI pJLIIL& 90 +I & -1 &.&"dl +dl aL+L J+i -1 ;~?;/&~i(CODE);k;Ly1 21 2 -1 '$4 LSI i & U I +ikiU2004 ?L -1, Jl-rL +~>IJ!GUI .; (CODE)+L.ijIZ+lWk -1 +I+ :2PJ Syle&l;, ,MI tUL;4;Co;;YI aL>I kbu JJ 9 -.i&i i . G k l l p 62 $Ip tL;- JJJ &&I3 &dl ;J,LI p a.4 .1 &L,+ Ljij((GL!)) ddj;,$ii p44; 9& .2 wJ'(GDI)&I e& &.dl LA1+ill ;,GWI 5 w)LSSiij14LLx- &s &&I P$ljdlar4La.& ' M I 3LJWI i+ c;sd~ AI+;.L -ur,(WI &$I ?+I> '&I> -L"ul -+>I 2-> '&MI> W I L 3LS+ J!W L u-4; +>.;L;C;: ab1$'4jgJ l+pd *> yypi, Z;L,& & dj>,ZklI-Lf!k;WI +-dl p G,;)L; JLh .(SsJI C?1;?1ill;LO L& w9?l>I p ,La& .(2003 UNDP i d 1 y L ~pL3) id+ &L :+WI 541 p$3 pij-~tji4 h ;i d9J9$~ ~ L i ' d l j~,i AWI i J 4 ;L ;,.2 .J?;t+-y + L--9 ,& L--9 '(BNP)&dl J L ; ' ~ ~ ~ ~ , J U Y I ~ ~~ W~ ~ >~ !i + 3 ~ + L * ~9p+-+d\ k,-u r ,,zL"S~LJL~U j~~ d3J3,s%\ J L Y I 241~ >L ~ i.+9JSh~ L L ~ i L&iJIL$3 ~ 2+%I 4&1 Jp3 jir!.W p~Lll &-I 3;JUI ;IS G ,++ pL+ -i +$1 j 1 & 1 > L blLS+Yl &UI;IQI 2JWI .2002 ,L p*I pul$k! ; q b 4 1~giplb;i -L ir!9J9%1~ J L W .%91 J+ iA s,ii"ll ; d l iL+(&MI$) i;ulell&& &&I&+ .3 &l u;s;piWl$,All +I aL,,L +I .1 &;d+ L>&I h d ~.+b~ I id >iL i& d! .Li& f.&> -,-41 . u ; , I ~ ~ I ;1;AI~dj&ji L J! esiJLS63311uiJIJ! ~ ~ 1 a+ .2 G ~ I , ~L+;K, 2002 ?L GL&I i 4 .4 ? W I jl";)'l &I-I +Ie! ?U ;I ,,-I! iJLL'I iJ3p,, p34,s (ftP sL+ $3 ptLJL >>\dl kl>-IlJ JJYJ!~&b$>dl +lJul &c;c.L! &,J(PER) . L $ 4 ~ 12000 ,L MI L+I ~ ;,&~i*i,GWI <<.GI& +I c u l 8LWI 21r51~,1$ &dl 224,3 L+&,La ,ZWI 235,9 &+i Gi ~i+,&,MI ++ J% & .3 ,dj19%11IL'L J L Y L' &c ss;!! 2&.!I U . JJlso kwgt1 r!'L+i~SWI -31 J,&YI SJ; r3.5 .i>, hkkll &Jill pC?1;?l Y! u;$pa;;+;iu; tl;' W l p ~ k l,i, l && $k! k4;J, ;4; ;, -1 pL2 &a ,2001-1994 ULdla141JUs 3IJmiubll $& jji .L,UL> .2000 ? L k;WI &5 $ 1 9 /d- && &2i jY9J && 541 & LUlP26&I4, $.+ i > L pi+&l -*$I aLb&,I JQu p,Y>J &+L 326 &La dj3,>I+ &> .(2003 ,$,dl +I sL&) ?L3.,',J J5J ,Y,J 1,66 &i+ L5i &!I & -$>dl L i L pL+ &L klulJs.~.6 +$> S;L 4- A-U; i+.ii++ ;JJL~ @MI &I 2000 ? L 2 Gkll p 15 $ LsJ!, JG9 L>%I .+3 p.-LA (19 kLks ,2003 ,lji/,,L 'Z+Aifh&&I L+) &Is aka1&ii &ktJWIJ,&c es+ .4 c~~ .v;4j @lkillg+ J U Y I WI>!iJl;jlg &l,;ll i.LL;Luell ;rlPb3pWI &l+lI sLg- y .klL+llGYY, &&A*IJ; $,dl .'4;kllp 40>I+ eL+i $3 p$,dl &es- ~i.7 .I962 . 2 0 0 3 - 2 0 0 2 . ~ J d / ~ / ~ L ; & .&$; r5L& .8 >&L_J?, ?+I 4 i+J3Jlabb;YI L~JJ.9 -Li Adams, Richard, and John Page. 2003. "Poverty, Survey on Household Budgets.Enquete na- Inequality and Growth in Selected Middle tionale sur le budget, la consommation et East and North Africa Countries, le niveau de vie des mQnages-2000. Vol- 1980-2003." World Development 13 (12): umeA. Resultats de I'Enquetesur leBudget 2027-48. des menages, p. 33. Ayadi, Mohamed, Mohamed Salah Matoussi, UNDP (United Nations Development Pro- and Maria Victoria-Feser. 2001."Putting Ro- gramme). 2003. Human Development Re- bust Statistical Methods into Practice: port: Millennium Development Goals-A Poverty Analysis in Tunisia." Swiss Journal Compact among Nations to End Hurnan of Economicsand Statistics 137 (3) 463-82. Poverty. New York, 1W: Oxford University Dabour, Nabil. 2000. "The Role of Foreign Di- Press. rect Investment in Development and World Rank. 2004. Doing Business in 2004: Growth in OIC Member Countries."Journal Understanding Regulation Washington, of Economic Cooperation21(3). D.C.: World Bank and Oxford University IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2003. Press. Doing Business Database available at Tunisia-Preliminary Conclusions of the http://rru.worldbank.org,DoingBusiness. Article N Consultation Mission for 2003. . 2003a. Tunisia: Project Performance Washington, D.C. Assessment Report, Agricultural Research Kanaan,A. 2004. "Evaluating Bank Assistance in and Extension Project (Loan No. 3217),Agri- the Areas of Macroeconomic Management, cultural Sector Investment Project (Loan No. Private Sector Development and Financial 3661), Northwest Mountainous Areas Devel- Sector Development." OED Working Paper. opment Project (Loan No. 3691), National Washington, D.C. Rural Finance Project (Loan No. 3892), Re- OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-opera- port No. 26260, June 26, 2003. Washington tion and Development). 2003. "Geographi- D.C. cal Distribution of Financial Flow Aid . 2003b.Jobs, Growth, and Governance Recipients." Paris. in the Middle East and North Africa: Un- Tsakok, I. 2004. "Rural Development and locking the Potentialfor Prosperity. Wash- Poverty Reduction 1990-2003." OED Work- ington, D.C.:World Bank. ing Paper. Washington, D.C. . 2002. "Jordan-Development Policy Tunisia, Ministry of Economic Development Review:A Reforming State in a Volatile Re- (MED). 2002. The Tenth Plan: 2002-06. gion." Report No. 24425. Washington, D.C. Tunis. . 2000a. Republic of Tunisia; Private . 1997.Ninth Plan: 1997-0l.Tunis. Sector Assessment Update-Meeting the Tunisia, Ministry of Development and Interna- Challenge of Globalization. 3 vols. Report tional Cooperation, National Institute of No. 20173-TUN.Washington, D.C. Statistics. 2000.National Survey on House- . 2000b.Republic of Tunisia:Social and hold Budget, Consumption, and Living Structural Review 2000-Integrating into Standards-2000. Volume A. Results of the the World Econom-y and Sustaining Eco- nomic and Social Progress. Report No. 20976. Washington, D.C. . 2000c. "Tunisia-Country Assistance Strategy." . 1995a. Republic of Tunisia: Towards the 21st Centuy. Country Economic Memo- randum Report No. 14375-TUN. Washing- ton, D.C. . 1995b. Tunisia: Poverty Alleviation. Report No. 13993. Washington, D.C. . 1994a. Kingdom of Morocco, Republic of Tunisia-Export Growth: Determinants and Prospects. Report No. 12947. Washing- ton, D.C. . 199413. Republic of Tunisia: Private Sector Assessment. Report No. 12945-TUN. Washington, D.C. aLIJlliLLY 2003 Annual Review of Develo~-riiicntEffectiveness: 'The Effcctivcnchs of bank Sul~lx~rtfor PoI~cyKcform Avisring Russia's Transition: An Ilnprccctlenretl Challenge Bangladesh: Plrrgress TI~rt~ughPartnershi11 Bridging Trout,letl Waters. Assess~ngthe Worlcl Bank Water Res~~urccsSrr;~teg) The CGUK: An Inclepenclent Mer:~-Evalu.~lionrrf rhc C~~nsulr;~~ivcGr~ru~>on 1nlernation:ll Agricullrrral Hese:lrch Debt Kellef for the Poorest: An OFT) Review of the HlPC lnitiari\rc Develi~pingTowns and C~ties.I.essons from Bra/.il and the Phil~pllincs The Drive to Partnership: Altl Coorclinaticrn and the World Bank Financial Sector Kefcrrni: A Rev~ewof World Rank A\sistancc Financing rhe Global Benefits r)f Forests The Bank's GEF Portf(~lioant1 the 1991 Forest Strategy and Its Implementation Fiscal Management in Adjustment Lending IDA'S Partnership for Poverty Retiuction Imprc~vingthe I.ives of the Poor Through Investment in Cit~es India: The Dairy Revolution Infr~rmationInfrastructure: The World Bank Group's Ex],er~mce Investing in Health: Development Effectiveness in the Health. Nutrition, ancl P(lpul:~rionSector Jordan: Supporting Stable Development in a Challenging Region I.esotho. Development in a Challenging Envin)nmmt blainstrcaming Gender in Worlcl Bank ].ending: An I;pdatc The Next Ascent: An Evaluation of the Aga Khan Rural Supiarrt Pn~gram,Paki5tan Nong(~vernmentalOrganizations in World Bank-Sup1)ortecl Projects: A Kevieu P(1lan11Country Assistance Review: Partnershil) in a Transition Economy Poverty Recluctton in the 1990b:An Ev2.liluationof Strategy and Performance Power fix Drvrlopment: AReview of the W~~rlclBank Group's Experience with Private Participation in the Electricity Sector Promoting Environmental Sustainability in Devel~~pmcnr Reforming .4~riculcerre:Thr World Bank Goes to Market Sharing Knowleclge: Innovations ancl Remaining Challenges Social Funds: A\sessing Effectiveness Ilgancla Policy. Particilmtion, Peiljile The Worlcl Bank's Experience with Post-Conflict Reconstrucrion The World Bank's Forest Strategy: Striking the Right Balance 2arnbi;l Counrry hssihrance RCYICIV:'Turning ;In E C ' I I ~Arouncl I ~ I ~ Busnia and Herzegovina: Post-Conflict Reconstruction Brazil: Forests in the Balance: Challenges of Conservation with Development Camercron: Foreht Scctor Development in a Difficult Pcllltical Economy China. From Afforestation to Po\ert) Alleviati~~nand Narural Forest M:lnagcmrnt Costa Rica: Forest Strategy and the Evoluti~lnof I:dncl I:se El Salv:~(lor:Post-Conflict Reconstruction Intlia: Alleviating Povcrty through Forest Developmenr Indonesia: The Challrnges of Worltl Dank In\c)lvcmcnt in Forests Ilgancla: Pcjst-Cunflicr Keclrnstruction Glc~b:~lPublic Policies ant1 Prt1gram.s: Implications for Financing ant1 Evaluarion I.e>st,n.; of Fiscal Adjustment Irsson from ITrb;ln Transport Evaluating the Gentler Impact of World Bank Assis1:lnce Evaluarion and Develol-rmenr:The Instiruri~~nalDimension (Transaction Puhlishers) E~~aluarionant1 Poverty Retluctl