A4 E-235 VOL. 6 KINGDOM OF THAILAND THE PET ROLEUM AUTHORITY 'OF THAILAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT EGAT - INVESTMENT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROJECT (WORLD BANK PARTIAL CREDIT GUARANTEE) FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT PREPARED BY V\TEAM CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO., LTD. APRIL 1997 i 5 <w X -. 0TIIE PET ROLEUM'AUTHORI7O IHAl ND ;;; rr i , ,, , . ,. . \ ; -,EN .- I N , .O F , , ,;,,,.rs $ <'; ; ''*2' '5''>91''' '"' EVRONMENTAL IMPAC-T.ASE M NTO '� ,' ' , '' 1!t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. tf A >tt jxA yA EGAT INVESTMNT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROJECT !i. ,~~~4 ,,.q..,. W ~ -_V4, j >'V''',t' ', :~~~~15EPRT,A,.~`,. !2~~~~~j , N a _w v3 1 xJi-g t *"EV;Q" ~~~~~~~~~~~~h r . <<; . ; J - ~~~~,1v 71.1. .- ,*t',V,''' '- 15 TEAM CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO.,LTD. Our Ref: ENV/1004/970971 April 21, 1997 Mr. Sompong Tantisuwanitchayakul Project Director YADANA Gas Pipeline Project The Petroleum Authority of Thailand 555 Vibhavadi-Randsit Road Bangkok 10900, Thailand Re: Final Report for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Natural Gas Pipeline from YADANA field to Ratchaburi Power Plant. Dear Sir, It is our pleasure to submit herewith 15 c-opies of the Main Report and the Summary Report for the Environmental Impact Assessment of. This report has been prepared according to the Contract No.PTT/GAS/3/9/38. The study team has made its best efforts in conducting this studv such that all the problem areas could be investigated and evaluated to the maxinum extent. We hope that this study will lead to the optimization between resource utilization/commitment and the benefits to be gained bv the implementation of the project. During the course of this study, we had been given all the needed suDpor!s and cooperation from PTT, including review and comments on the final report wvhich submitted earlier. We would like to express our sincere gratitudes for these kind cooperation and assistance. 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C. : :2 C- -C Go V C- ... -7 IP aT.C C ~~~~~~~~~~~~22.1A G3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. c- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2.3.5 C- C-~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~EVO EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FROM TIE-IN-POINT AT BAN I-TONG TO RATCHABURI POWER PLANT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1-1 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1-1 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 CONSIDERATION ON ALTERNATIVE ROUTES 2-1 2.1.1 Introduction 2-1 2.1.2 Factors Considered in the Preliminary Environmental Evaluation 2-1 2.1.3 Ranking of Alignment Alternatives 2-5 2.1.4 Environmental Qualities Found Along with the Alignment of Natural Gas Pipeline 2-8 2.1.4.1 Alternative 1 2-8 2.1.4.2 Alternative 2 2-9 2.1.4.3 Alternative 3 2-10 2.1.5 Selection Process on the Natural Gas Pipeline Alignment Alternatives 2-10 2.2 PIPELINE FACILITIES 2-13 2.2.1 Pipeline Design 2-20 2.2.2 Cathodic Protection 2-20 2.3 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION METHOD 2-20 2.3.1 Normal Construction Procedure 2-20 ENV10047125:0NTENT.DOC PAGE i c_~~~~~ ~~~ 9,V *|-S*l rn...,c. r$er.,, ncrtjn PAGE CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (Cont'd) 2.3.2 Pipeline Construction on Hilly Area 2-27 2.3.2.1 Temporary Erosion Control Measures 2-27 2.3.2.2 Permanent Erosion Control Measures 2-28 2.3.2.3 Earthquake Design 2-33 2.3.2.4 Erosion Measures 2-36 2.4 PIPELINE OPERATIONS 2-47 2.4.1 Gas Transmission Facilities 2-47 2.4.2 Pipeline Markers 2-47 2.4.3 Gas Leak Control 2-47 2.4.4 Operations Schedule 2-48 2.5 OVERALL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM 2-48 2.5.1 Construction Stage 2-48 2.5.2 Operation Stage 2-48 2.5.3 Engineering Plan 2-48 2.6 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 2-50 2.6.1 Financial Analysis 2-50 2.6.2 Economic Analysis 2-50 2.6.3 Effects of Environmental Monitoring Cost on Finance and Economic 2-50 2.6.3.1 Effects on Financial Ratio 2-50 2.6.3.2 Effects on Economical Ratio 2-50 CHAPTER 3: EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION 3.1 TOPOGRAPHY/GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY 3-1 3.1.1 Introduction 31 3.1.2 Methodology 3-1 3.1.3 Results of the Study 3-1 ENV100?122S/CONMNT=DOC PAGE ii EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT PAGE CHAPTER 3: EXISTiNG ENVIRONAvIENT A'L I0L'nIr.!O (Cont'd! 3.1.3.1 Topography. 3-1 3.1.3.2 Geology 3-2 3.1.3.3 Seismology 3-4 3.2 HYDROLOGY 3-12 3.2.1 Data Collection and Analysis 3-12 3.2.2 Results of the Study 3-13 3.3 WATER QUALITY 3-22 3.3.1 Introduction 3-22 3.3.2 Study Methodology and Description of the Sampling Stations 3-22 3.3.2.1 Methodology 3-22 3.3.2.2 Description of Sampling Stations 3-24 3.3.3 Results of the Stuay 3-26 3.4 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 3-29 3.4.1 Introduction 3-29 3.4.2 Methodology 3-29 3.4.2.1 Plankton Sample Collection 3-29 3.4.2.2 Benthic Sample Collection 3-32 3.4.3 Results of the Study 3-32 3.4.3.1 Plankton Organisms 3-32 3.4.3.2 Benthic Organisms 3-32 3.5 SOIL 3-34 3.5.1 Introduction 3-34 3.5.2 Study Methodology 3-34 3.5.3 Results of the Study 3-36 3.5.3.1 Morphological Features and Soil Series 3-36 3.5.3.2 Soil Preperties 3-37 ENV1004/97126/CONTENT.DOC PAGE iii CIA Lit- YAUANA NAIUtUAL UAb PIPELINE PHUJEtI FINAL REPORT PAGE CHAPTER 3: EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (Cont'd) 3.5.3.3 Soil Erosion 3-38 3.6 FORESTRY 339 3.6.1 Objectives 3-39 3.6.2 Scopes of Study 3-39 3.6.3 Methodology 3-40 3.6.3.1 Detailed Study 3-40 3.6.3.2 Sampling Piot Sizes 3-40 3.6.3.3 Data Collection 3-41 3.6.4 Results of the Study 3-42 3.6.4.1 Literature Review 3-42 3.6.4.2 Field Survey Results 3-45 3.6.4.3 Tree Densities and Wood Volumes 3-48 3.6.4.4 Timber Value 3-50 3.6.4.5 Future Timber Values 3-52 3.6.4.6 Ecological Values of Forest 3-54 3.6.4.7 Conservation Value 3-57 3.7 WILDLIFE 3-57 3.7.1 Objective 3-57 3.7.2 Scope of Study 3-58 3.7.3 Methodology 3-58 3.7.4 Results of the Study 3-60 3.7.4.1 Secondary Data Compilation 3-60 3.7.4.2 Species Diversity and Local Distribution 3-62 3.7.4.3 Wildlde Abundance 3-66 3.7.4.4 WARPA Status 3-71 3.7.4.5 Wildlife Status 3-74 ENVI004J2WC0NTENTZOC PAGE iv EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT PAGE CHAPTER 3: EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (Cont'd) 3.7.4.6 Migration Tendency of Wildlife 3-76 3.7.4.7 Wildlife Habitats 3-79 3.7.4.8 VVildlife Foodplants 3-81 3.7.4.9 Problems Confronting the Wildlife 3-82 3.8 LAND USE 3-83 3.8.1 Introduction 3-83 3.8.2 Study Methodology 3-84 3.8.3 Results of the Study 3-84 3.8.3.1 Residential Area 3-85 3.8.3.2 Agricultural Area 3-85 3.8.3.3 Forestry 3-85 .8.^ A fl4r.r.- 3.8.3.4 hiel 3-85 3.8.3.5 Water Body 3-86 3.8.4 Watershed Classification 3-86 3.9 TRANSPORTATION 3-90 3.9.1 Introduction 3-90 3.9.2 Study Methodology 3-90 3.9.3 Results of the Study 3-90 3.10 COMPENSATION 3-97 3.10.1 Introduction 3-97 3.10.2 Study Methodology 3-97 3.10.3 Results of the Study 3-97 3.10.4 The Processes of Compensation 3-109 3.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 3-111 3.11.1 Objectives 3-111 3.11.2 Scope of the Study 3-111 3.11.3 Methods of the Study 3-111 ENV100497125/CONTENr.DOC PAGE v PAGE CHAPTER 3: EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (Cont'd) 3.11.4 Results of the Study 3-116 3.11.4.1 Overview of the Project Area 3-116 3.11.4.2 Household Study 3-119 3.11.4.3 In-depth Study 3-119 3.12 PUBLIC HEALTH 3-124 3.12.1 Introduction 3-126 3.12.2 Objectives 3-127 3.12.3 Method of Study and Scope 3-127 3.12.4 Results of the Study 3-127 3.13 ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE 3-130 3.13.1 Introduction 3-130 3.13.2 Results of the Study 3-130 3.14 AESTHETIC AND TOURISM 3-134 3.14.1 Introduction 3-134 3.14.2 Results of the Study 3-134 CHAPTER 4: MAJOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4-1 4.2 METHODOLOGY 4-5 4.2.1 Hazard Identification 4-5 4.2.2 Quantrtative Analysis 4-9 4.3 RESULT OF HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT 4-13 4.4 HAZARD REDUCTION 4-16 4.4.1 Improve Shut-Down System 4-16 4.4.2 Reduc-tion nf impact 4-20 4.4.3 Reduction of Risk 4-20 4.5 SUMMARY OF MAJOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT 4-20 ENV1804,V725W0NTINTDOC PAGE vi EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT PAGE CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMv.ENTAL IMPPACT ASSESSMENTS 5.1 GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY 5-1 5.1.1 Construction and Operation Periods 5-1 5.2 HYDROLOGY AND EROSION 5-3 5.2.1 Construction Period 5-3 5.2.2 Operation Period 5-9 5.3 WATER QUALITY 5-9 5.3.1 Construction Period 5-9 5.3.2 Operation Period 5-15 5.4 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 5-16 5.4.1 Construction Period 5-16 5.4.2 Operation Period 5-19 5.5 SiL 5-19 5.5.1 Construction Period 5-19 5.5.2 Operation Period 5-20 5.6 FORESTRY 5-20 5.6.1 Construction Period 5-20 5.6.2 Operation Period 5-21 5.6.3 Without Project Development 5-21 5.7 WILDLIFE 5-23 5.7.1 Construction Period 5-23 5.7.2 Post-construction Period 5-28 5.8 LAND USE 5-28 5.8.1 Construction Period 5-28 5.8.2 Operation Period 5-29 5.9 TRANSPORTATION 5-30 5.9.1 Effect on Road Network 5-30 ENV1004A9712/CoNNTMDOC PAGE vii EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL MhtUI I PAGE CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (Cont'd) 5.9.1.1 Construction Period 5-30 5.9.1.2 Operation Period 5-31 5.9.2 Effect on Navigation 5-31 5.9.2.1 Construction Period 5-31 5.9.2.2 Operation Period 5-31 5.10 COMPENSATION 5-31 5.10.1 Construction Period 5-31 5.10.2 Operation Period 5-32 5.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 5-32 5.11.1 Construction Period 5-32 5.11.2 Operation Period 5-34 5.12 PUBLIC HEALTH 5-35 5.12.1 Construction Period 5-35 5.12.2 Operation Period 5-36 5.13 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH/SAFETY 5-36 5.13.1 Construction Period 5-36 5.13.2 Operation Period 5-36 5.14 ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE 5-37 5.15 AESTHETIC AND TOURISM 5-37 CHAPTER 6: MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-1 6.2 MITIGATION MEASURES 61 6.2.1 Geology / Seismology 6-1 6.2.1.1 Construction Period 6-1 ENVlO4a7t25CONMENT.DOC PAGE viii EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT PAGE CHAPTER 6: MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (Cont'd) 6.2.1.2 Operation Period 6-1 6.2.2 Hydrology &17 6.2.2.1 Construction Period 6-17 6.2.2.2 Operation Period 617 6.2.3 Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology C-17 6.2.3.1 Construction Period 617 6.2.3.2 Operation Period 6-18 6.2.4 Soils 6-18 6.2.4.1 Construction Period 6-18 6.2.4.2 Operation Period 6-19 6.2.5 Forestry 6-19 6.2.5.1 Construction Period 6-19 6.2.5.2 Operation Period 6-20 6.2.6 Wildlife 6-20 6.2.6.1 Construction Period 6-20 6.2.6.2 Post-construction Period 6-21 6.2.7 Land Use 6-21 6.2.7.1 Construction Period 6-21 6.2.7.2 Operation Period 6-21 6.2.8 Transportation 6-22 6.2.8.1 Construction Period 6-22 6.2.8.2 Operation Period 6-22 6.2.9 Compensation 6-23 6.2.9.1 Construction Period 6-23 6.2.9.2 Operation Period 6-23 ENV10047I126/CONTENT.OoC PAGE ix -~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. -�I - rwiLu neruri a PAGE CHAPTER 6: MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (Cont'd) 6.2.10 Socio-Economic 6-23 6.2.10.1 Construction Period 6-23 6.2.10.2 Operation Period 6-24 6.2.11 Public Health 6-25 6.2.11.1 Construction Period 6-25 6.2.11.2 Operation Period 6-25 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 6-26 6.3.1 PTT Safety Policy 6-26 6.3.2 Operating and Maintenance on Safety of Gas Transmission Facilities 6-27 6.3.3 Environmental and Safety Training 6-28 6.3.4 Recommendations 6-28 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS 7.1 OBJECTIVE 7-1 7.2 GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY 7-1 7.2.1 Construction Period/Operation Period 7-1 7.3 WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC BIOLOGY 7-6 7.4 FORESTRY 7-7 7.4.1 Construction Period 7-7 7.4.2 Operation Period 7-7 7.5 WILDLIFE 7-8 7.5.1 Construction Period 7-8 7.5.2 Operation Period 7-9 7.6 SOIL 7-9 7.6.1 Construction Period 7-9 ENV100W4I125CONTEFIT.OC PAGE x EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT PAGE CHAPTER 7 :ENVIRONMENTAL MONiTORING PROGRAMS (Contd) 7.6.2 Operation Period 7-9 7.7 LAND USE 7-10 7.7.1 Construction Period 7-10 7.7.2 Operation Period 7-10 7.8 COMPENSATION 7-10 7.8.1 Construction Period 7-10 7.8.2 Operation Period 7-10 7.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 7-10 7.9.1 Construction and Operation Periods 7-10 7.10 TRANSPORTATION 7-12 7.11 PUBLIC HEALTH/OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY 7-12 7.12 CONCLUSIONS 7-13 Appendix A The Detail of Site Selection Appendix B The Results of Soils Study Appendix C The Results of Forest Inventory Appendix D The Results of Wildlife Inventory Appendix E The Details of Each Land Use Type Appendix F The Results of Compensation Study Appendix G List of Key-informant for In-depth Interview Details of Questionnaires for Socio-economics Study Appendix H The Results of Public Health Study Appendix I Detail for Hazardous Assessment Appendix J Emergency Plan ASME Code for Piping Appendix K Action Plan for Environmental Mitigation Measures and Environmental Development of Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Project ENV1004j9712S/C0NENT.0OC PAGE xi LIST OF FIGURE FIGURE PAGE 2.1-1 The Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Altematives for Consideration 2-2 2.1-2 The Alternatives Gas Pipeline Pass Thru Watershed Classification Area 2-11 2.1-3 The Alternatives Gas Pipeline Pass Thru National Reserved Forest Area 2-14 2.2-1 The Proposed Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline 2-17 2.3-1 Paved Rural Road Crossings 2-15 2.3-2 Directional Drilling Method 2-26 2.3-3 Soft / Ditch Plugs 2-29 2.3-4 Soft / Ditch Plugs with Berm 2-30 2.3-5 Steep Slope - Typical Construction Layout 2-31 2.3-6 Drainage System 2-32 2.3-7 Typical Construction in 20 m Right of Way 2-34 2.3-8 Typical Construction in 30 m Right of Way 2-35 2.3-9 Typical Grading Cross-Section at Side Stepes 2-37 2.3-10 Side Slope Terracing 2-39 2.3-11 Typical Grading Cross-Section at Side Slope Two-Toning Techniques 241 2.3-12 Example of Riprap Application 2-43 2.3-13 Hard Plugs 2-46 2.5-1 An Overview of the Project Implementation Plant for the Gas Pipeline 2-49 3.1-1 The Geological Map of Western Thailand Along Gas Pipeline 3-3 3.1-2 Seismic Source Zone of Burma, Thailand and Indochina (After Nutalaya et.al, 1985) 3-5 3.1-3 The Major Faults Zone in Thailand 3-6 3.1-4 The Epicenter of Earthquake in Thailand 3-8 3.1-5 Maximum Earthquake Intensity Map of Thailand and Adjacent Areas 3-9 3.2-1 Mean Annual Rainfall in Westem Part of Thailand (mm) Period 1952-1990 3-16 ENV10"725X0NTENTh.DOC PAGE xii EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT FIGURE PAGE 3.2-2 Depth-Duration-Frequency-Curves at K22A (1966-1983) 3-17 3.2-3 The Dry Season Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve at K22.A (1966-1991) 3-19 3.3-1 The Water Quality Aquatic Ecology Sampling Station 3-25 3.9-1 The Existing Road Network 3-91 3.10-1 Model M 1 3-101 3.10-2 Model M 2 3-102 3.10-3 Model M 3 3-103 3.10-4 Model M 4 3-104 3.10-5 Model M 5 3-105 3.10-6 Model M 6 3-106 3.10-7 Model M 7 3-107 3.11-1 The Villages of Socio-economic Interviewed 3-112 3.13 1 Ar-haeologirl Qh.es Along the Natural Gas Pipeline 3-131 3.14-1 Tourist Attractives Sites Along the Natural Gas Pipeline 3-135 4.1-1 Hazard Tree for Generalized Production Facility 4-4 4.2-1 Flammable Gas Event Tree 4-6 4.2-2 Gas Releases Event Tree 4-7 5.1-1 Plot of Calculated Maximum Ground Acceleration at the Site Against Epicentral Distances for Earthquake Magnitudes in the Range 4.00 to 8.00 5-2 5.2-1 Sub-Watershed of Watershed Class 1 A and 1B Along the Natural Gas Pipeline 5-5 5.3-1 Wet Crossing 5-11 5.3-2 Watercourse Boring Method 5-14 5.4-1 Wet Crossing 5-17 5.4-2 Watercourse Boring Method 5-18 5.6-1 The Position of the Natural Gas Pipeline Pass Thru Sai Yok National Park 5-22 ENVo0047126X/CONTET.DOC PAGE xiii EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT LIST OF TABLE TABLE PAGE 2.1-1 Environmental Factors to be Considered Along with the Natural Gas Pipeline Alignments 2-6 2.1-2 Preliminary Results of Selection on the Natural Gas Pipeline Alignment Alternatives 2-11 2.3-1 Riprap Installation 2-44 3.1-1 Selected Earthquakes of Magnitude Over 4.0 in Western Thailand Region (Data Source: Department of Meteorology) 3-7 3.1-2 Modified Mercalli Scale of Earthquake Intensity 3-10 3.2-1 The Results of Meteorological Data 3-14 3.2-2 Dry Season Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency of Station K22A Huai Mae Nam Noi, A. Sai Yok 3-18 3.2-3 List of Sediment Station, Drainage Area and Mean Annual Suspended Sediment of Mae Klong River Basin 3-21 3.3-1 Concerned Characteristics of Water Samples 3-23 3.3-2 Water Quality Along the Pipeline Route, June 8-1 1, 1995 3-30 3.3-3 Surface Water Quality by ONEB: Classification and Objectives 3-31 3.4-1 Species Composition and Abundances of Plankton Organisms at Four Sampling Stations along the Gas Pipeline Route, June 8-11, 1995 3-33 3.4-2 Abundance of Benthic Organisms at Four Sampling Stations along the Gas Pipeline Route, June 8-11, 1995 3-35 3.6-1 Comparisons of Kanchanaburi's Forest Areas with Those of Combined Cfentra and Western Region, and of Thailand 'B.'. 2525-2536) 3-43 3.6-2 Protected Areas of Kanchanaburi 3.46 3.6-3 Density of Vegetations Along Pipeline Route 3-49 ENV1004ff7125/CoNTENT.00C PAGE xiv EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE PAGE 3.6-4 The Calculation of the Timber Values -53 3.6-5 The Future Timber Values 3-55 3.8-1 Land Use Types and Area Along Gas Pipeline 3-87 3.8-2 Locations Soil and Land Use of Watershed Class 1A 3-88 3.8-3 Locations Soils and Land Use of Watershed Class 1B 3-89 3.9-1 Average Annual Daily Traffic Volume on Five Major Routes During 1992-1994 3-94 3.9-2 Percentage of Average Annual Daily Traffic Volume Between Light Vehicles and Heavy Vehicles on Major Routes 3-95 3.10-1 Potential Land Price in 1996-2000 3-99 3.10-2 Land Value in the Project Area (20 Meters Wide) 3-100 3.10-3 Housing Pattems Along the Pipeline Route 3-108 3.10-4 The Value of Crop Compensation a-11 3.11-1 Number of Household Classified by Affected Village 3-115 4.1-1 Composition of Natural Gas from Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Project 4-2 4.1-2 Characteristic of Natural Gas 4-3 4.2-1 The Criteria for Damage to People and Property from Fire 4-10 4.2-2 Input Data for Hazard Evaluation 4-11 4.2-3 Gas Outflow of the Pipeline Leak Rate at 20% and 100% of Pipe Diameter 4-12 4.3-1 The Distance from the Center of the Fireball at Radiation Flux (Metre) 4-14 4.3-2 The Distance of Radiation Flux from a Particular Point in the Flame of Jet Fire to a Receptor 4-15 4.3-3 The Maximum Radius of Flash Fire in Adiabatic Expansion 4-17 4.34 The Maximum Distance of Flash Fire in Jet Dispersion 4-18 4.3-5 Summary for Hazardous Assessment 4-19 ENV100419712�/CONIENT.D0C PAGE xv ------ _, ,_,^.,5 ,.............._ _ ___ ___.INAL KMttUKT TABLE PAGE 5.2-1 Representative Rates of Erosion from Various Land Uses 57 5.2-2 Estimated Sediment Load Due to On-Site Erosion 5-8 5.3-1 Water Quality in Khlong Phra Ong Chao Chiyanuchit 5-12 6.1-1 Summary of Potential Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measure 6-2 7.1-1 The Environmental Monitoring Program for Natural Gas Pipeline Project 7-2 ENV1004712S/C0NTENT.OOC PAGE xvi EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT LIST OF PHOTOS PHOTO PAGE 3.3-1 The Condition of Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology Sampling Station 1 and 2 3-27 3.3-2 The Condition of Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology Sampling Station 3 and 4 3-28 3.11-1 Socio-Economic / Attitude Interviewed 3-117 3.11-2 Key Information for In-depth Interview 3-118 ENV100417126/CONTENT.DOC PAGE xvii EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND The energy demand in Thailand is rapidly increased in the last decade. Concerning the demand for natural gas, it has been forecasted to increase from 350 MMCFD in the year 1986 to 2000 MMCFD by the year 2001. To achieve the increasing requirement and the necessity of supplying adequate natural gas for the country needs, PTT has decided To import natural gas from the neighbouring country such as Myanrnar. PIT has engaged TEAM Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd. to prepare the environmental impact assessment report for the natural gas pipeline from Yadana Field. The initial environmental evaluation of this natural gas pipeline project was undertaken in 1994. The studied parameters for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) include water quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, soil and erosion, land use, transportation, socio-economic, and hazardous assessment. Thus, the content of this EIA will be emphasized on the above aspects. 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY The main objectives of this study are to prepare the EIA report, and to develop mitigation measures along with its program for this project. The specific objectives of the study are: (1) To investigate and describe the existing characteristics, quality, and value of the concerned environmental resources of the study area. (2) To characterize the environmental aspects that would be affected by the implementation of the proposed project. ENV1OCAR712S)CHAP-1.DOC PAGE 1-1 riL' ur TAWYML) MIVd I'fi ufl . 3^Q r,LIIr rmuJ.Jc.% i FINAL REPORT (3) To evaluate and forecast the short-term and long-term impacts of the proposed project upon the environmental resources and values, and to define the degree of significance and magnitude of the predicted impacts. (4) To make recommendations on short-term and lona-term measures to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects and/or to maximize the positive results of the proposed project. (5) To recommend the appropriate environmental monitoring programs, base on the results, for the proposed project during operation. ENV100471261CHAP-t.OOC PAGE 1-2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2 PROjECT DESCRIPTiON 2.1 CONSIDERATION ON ALTERNATIVE ROUTES 2.1.1 Introduction During preliminary surveys and field observations, three potential altemative routes of the natural gas transmission pipeline connecting between Ban I-Tong, Tambon Pilog, Amphoe Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi Province, and Amphoe Muang, Ratchaburi Province were investigated. Three possible routes have been identified as Alternative 1, 2, and 3 with the approximate routes are shown in Figure 2.1-1. The most appropriate alignment of pipeline systems was selected based on the level of environmental impact and was subsequently studied for more details. 2.1.2 Factors Considered in the Preliminary Environmental Evaluation Various environmental factors such as forest ecology, wildlife, communities, water quality, transportation, and archaeological sites, etc. along the transmission pipeline would be directly affected by the project development. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the level of impact on these receptors at the beginning stage of the natural gas transmission pipeline project. Major environmental impacts being taken into consideration are described as follows: (1) Socio-economic impacts comprise mostly of relocation and disturbance on community during construction period. The alignment passed through the community is the main cause of losses in community farmland. Larger portion of alignment passing through, more impact of socio-economic change to that community. ENV100AS7125/CHAP-2.00C PAGE 2-1 S 0~~~~~~S*" - ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~Wd ' AO .,otca I'~ 5 10 KM > p' ai.., ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~J ~ GRAPH)C SCALE 7; z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ inn - z - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 002~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;~~~V m~~- C C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FA HCSAE -r 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 L~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2 3B ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ri t"N I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * I C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t I I!I FIGURE 2.1-1 THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALTERNATIVES FOR CONSIDERATION (Cont'd) w s Is 1. N R. M N VA- . i (AL 1, Z, I "'IT 77 mphoe 0 5 10 KM Or GRAPHIC SCALE T rwi j.k_A, 4' 'k I . - I _A :R r to W ,Eskw .Xqj AP rr 'A r rr -,k 5. NG el N .4 sj-. 5,10 ij GAS PIPELM ROUTF v 6 I, , , 'I v 4, lglm 186,ko" S _4 ottA,.W?l A.pV,,d 8- - 8. R., Y A .1 A-i ... jP3 T.W N _47 R PLANT u 114 f hk, 7 --77 -sW d"46-rmra, F3unt 7 rEAM r- M FIGURE 2.1-1 THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALTERNATIVES FOR CONSIDERATION (Cont'd) M ER 0 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (2) Impacts on forest resources and wildlife habitats are considered in term of adverse effect on some sensitive areas such as on forest reservation zone, on watershed class 1-A area, on source of food for wild animals, and on animals' roaming area, etc. The alignment which causes less impacts on these sensitive areas has higher potential for development. (3) Impacts on surface water hydrology: quality of aquatic ecology must be studied in term of increasing sediment, changes in direction of water flow, and contamination of oil and lubricant. The alignment which passes small number of rivers. canals, or water resources is more likely suitable to be developed. (4) Impacts on local transportation: the alignment which cuts across more roads or local tracts causing more inconvenience in transportation of local people during construction period is to be considered as having lower development potential. (5) Impacts on aesthetic and cultural values: The pipeline alignment which passes through or side temples, re.igiouss places. historical buildings, or archeological sites would cause more significant impacts than those which do not pass through the aesthetic and historical sites. Environmental factors to be considered along with the three alternatives of natural gas pipeline alignment from Yadana field are presented in Table 2.1-1. Figure 2.1-1 shows the three alternatives for Yadana's natural gas transmission route and the details of site selection are shown in Appendix A. 2.1.3 Ranking of Alignment Alternatives From the environmental principles applied for a number of previous similar project, evaluation points for each impact aspect had been assigned. Some modification was made to suite specific characteristic of this project sites and the following is the evaluation points used in this study. ENV1004J97125iCHAP-2.DOC PAGE 2-5 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 2.1-1 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED ALONG WITH THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALIGNMENTS I i., . II Environmental factors Aternative 1 Ahtemative 2 Aternative 3 Villages Ban WPu Ban Huai Pak Khok Gui-yae, Dawaoung, Wang Nok Kaew, Wang Muk, Kaeng Raboed, Lum Sa'. Dan Makhamtia. Thung Jang, Boek Phrai, Koh. Tamniab, Rangmuang, Thung Noi, Nong Song Hong. Si Yak Khao Ngu. Nong Jok, Bang Pa Nai, Khok Oai Huai (points) Huai Tea Khoe (2) Huai Khaveng (3E Huai Pak Khok 12) Huai Khayeng Q3) Huai Prajummat W3) Huai Ptrapummal 14) Huai (No Name) (8) * Huai Kok Kra Pru i2) Huai Khao Nisa 111 Huai Teaphosakola t1) Huai Tea Khoe, Huai Ta Koh, Huai Phoukra, Hua Kang Jo, Hui Hin Poon, Huai Wang Nok Kaew, Hua Ma Tang Su, Huai Sai Yok. Hua Hin Ta, Huai Tha Sa, Huam Tha Ngo Hin. Huai Kaeng Serawat, Huai Bong Ri Huai Khao Chang. Huai Ta Mong, Huai Pthu Krai, Huai Lum - Som Noi. Huai Mae Kaban. Huai Ban Kthao. Huai Lam Sai. Huai Lam Phachee. Huai Ban Kan River (points) Kwae Noi nver t21 Mae Ktong (1) Road (points) lateritic tracts (14) lateritic tracts (6) latentics tracts (3) latentic tracts (84), highway No.3274 It). highway No.3087 (11. highway No4 11i Railways 1 point Lenght of Pipeline in the Watershed Class (km.) 1A 18.07 27.3 26.6 1B 5.24 2.71 1.09 2 8.29 3.67 0.70 ENvtCd4e9lselT2a6t121Xt.AS PAGE 2-6 ElA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 2.1-1 (Cont'd) Environmental factors Altemative 1 Alernative 2 Altemative 3 Lenght of Pipeline in the Forest Reserve Area (km.) Conservative Forest Area IC) 26.07 28.59 3205 Economic Forest Area (El 64.52 60.68 53 71 Forest Area which is Appropriate 12.58 12.58 12.58 for Agricultural Purposes (Al Volume cu.m.fla 57.78 77.240 73.545 cu.mJtree 0 493 0.608 0.511 Density of Trees Treeslta 110 127 144 Seedlingfta 16.818 15.000 14.677 Saplingtha 1,855 1,188 1,171 Bamboo culmsla 913 502 Species of trees 75 103 62 the gas 2 km 2-5 km the gas 2 km 2-5 km the gas 2 km 2-5 km Wildlife species of which tracts pipeline radius radius pipeline radius radius pipeline radius radius can be found - 6 5 5 7 6 4 7 6 6 7 7 Temple/Archaeologicral Sites Wat Wtweg Wax Huai Charoen, Wat Huai Chafoen, Wat Wiweg Wat Wiweg Remark * Important species for Conservation. ENV10o4S712fTNA21-1Y.xLS PAGE 2-7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT Impacts Evaluation Points - Impacts on forest resource 25 impacts on wildlife 25 - Socio-economic impacts: miaration; and community disturbance 15 - Impacts on surface water hydrology, water quality, and aquatic ecology 10 - Impacts on local transportation 10 - Impacts on aesthetic and cultural values 15 Total 1 0 The environmental impacts are classified into various levels as follows: - causing minimal adverse environmental impact (to be multiplied by 0.75) causing moderate adverse environmental impact (to be muftiplied by 0.50) - causing high adverse environmental impact (to be multiplied by 0.25) - causing severe adverse environmental impact (to be multiplied by 0.00) After each of the weighting value of evaluation scores is multiplied by particular environmental impacts level, the summation of these product is a total mark of each alternative alignment. From this result, the altemative alignment with the maximum score will be selected for subsequent studying for more details. 2.1.4 Environmental Qualities Found Along with the Alignment of Natural Gas Pipeline 2.1.4.1 Alternative 1 This alignment of the natural gas pipeline is about 260 kilometres long. The alignment begins from the tie-in point at Ban ITong, Tambon Pilok, Amphoe Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi Province. It lays southwards through Ban I-Pu, then runs ENV1OO07125/CHAP-2.D0C . PAGE 2-8 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT parallel with the mine access road passing the Pha Pae 4 mine, the Mokara mine, and the Sattamitre mine into Huai Khayeng Reserved Forest area, hilly area covereu by evergreen forest for 4 km. Then running parallel with a stream and joining the altemative 2 and 3 alignments at the east side of Ban Rai Pa, running southeastwards passing through the Thongphaphum Teak Plantation of the Forest Industry Organization and the Wang Yai - Mae Nam Noi Teak Plantation of the Royal Forest Department for 5 km., running parallel with a lateritic tract, passing Ban Gui Yae to Ban Dawadoeng, crossing Kwae Noi river, running parallel with Highway no.323 from Kilometre 86 to Kilometre 52, and crossing Kwae Noi river again at Ban Kaeng Raboed, running parallel with a lateritic tract passing through Ban Phu Noi, Ban Lam Sai into the Sai Yok Military Base, and then keeping along with Highway no.3085, crossing Huai Lam Sai to Ban Tha Maklua, running along the road again to Ban Tha Phu, crossing Huai Lam Phachi and an asphaltic road of the Office of Accelerated Rural Development. Running parallel with the road, going roundabout Amphoe Dan Makhamtia to Highway no.3209 (Dan Makhamtia - Ratchaburi), running parallel wrth the Highway to Mai Daeng junction, going along with Highway no.3274, crossing Huai Lumphachi, Ban Thung Jaeng to Ban Dan Thub Ta Ko, running parallel with the Highway no.3087, passing through Amphoe Chombung to Ban Si Yaek Khao Ngu, crossing the Highway no.3087, running parallel with the highway to Ratchaburi Province. Finally, the natural gas pipeline crosses beneath the Highway no.4 and Southem railway to the power plant site in Amphoe Muang Ratchaburi. 2.1.4.2 Alternative 2 This pipeline alignment is approximately 238 kilometres long. It begins at the same point with alternative 1 and runs eastwards for 2 km., then turns southwest, passes Ban I-Pu, runs along the mountain ridge in the east to the Pha Pae mine. The alignment also passes through forest area which is a part of the Huai Khayeng Reserve Forest area. It is the area with steep slope and being the elephant tracks. From the Pha Pae mine the alignment turns south about 2 kilometre long and then runs east along the mountain ridge ENV7OO497126XNAP-2.DOC PAGE 2-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT for 6 kilometres. Then running parallel with Huai Pracham Mai, crossing the stream for 33 times, turning southeastwards through Thongphaphum forest plantation, joining with alternative 1 alignment at Ban Rai Pa, and reaching the final destination at Ratchaburi. 2.1.4.3 Alternative 3 This alternative alignment is 238.5 kilometres long. It begins at the same point with the alternative 1 and 2, but running in the same direction of alternative 2 for 15 km, then turning northeastwards and running along the mountain ridge for 10 km and joining the alternative 2 alignment at Ban Huai Pak Khok. The land use type along this alignment is covered by hill of evergreen forest. Along this alignment, the elephant tracks are clearly seen. Finally, it joins the alternative 1 alignment at Ban Rai Pa. 2.1.5 Selection Process on the Natural Gas Pipeline Alignment Alternatives Since all alternatives of alignment are in common of route for 198 kilometres from Ban Rai Pa, Amphoe Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi Province to Amphoe Muang, Ratchaburi Province, the impacts of project for this portion are the same for all. For the route from Ban I-Tong to Ban Rai Pa, The topography of the alternative 3 much differs from the others, because most of the areas are high mountain ranges in the Huai Khayeng Forest Reservation. The dominant natural resources to be considered are watershed classification, forest, and wildlife. Field surveys and secondary data conceming watershed management and forest reservation boundary revealed that the alternative 1 alignment causes less disturbance on the watershed class 1A for 18 km, when compared with 27 and 26 km for the alternative 2 and 3, respectively (Figure 2.1-2). ENV1004117126/CNAP-2.DCC PAGE 2-10 gSS | Kp5 q q2 2 S ~~ALTERATIVE3 '|T | | *' C-4 ALTERNATIVA 2ATIVE 3 - 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ k U '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 FIGUE 2.12 TAHED ALTERNTIVE G 0 ii rn!i4.uu zm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E ; FIGUE 2.1-: THE LTERNAIVES GS PIPEINE PAS THRUWATERSED CLASIFICAION ARA | X2 "o _ L< X~~Z .~~~~~~~~~~ 0+0 K pAS 2 ' 0 0 0 0 , / W 0 m 0' \. , *LSCALE XX 2 < Kp 351 g g 9 3 1 g h ~~~~~~~~~~~~~L --- I --- L- i-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -'' K2 c | liff{841tU:{|)4 tflMlnl 13r'41 iif 4 ALTERNATI~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~l WAE~SECAS� <~~~~~~~~~~ 2A :WATERSHED CLASS 2I 0 3r WATERSHED CLASS 3 �1 i> FIGURE 2.1-2: THE ALTERNATIVES GAS PIPELINE PASS THRU WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AREA 3 ContEdRH CLASSD m~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ... _- -...I 35~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~v C) ____~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l fTI _____ 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ NJ~~~~ ~AT K 3 NJ~~~~~~2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT The altemative 1 alignment passes through the forest conservation areas only 26 km., while the altemative 2 and 3 pass through forest conservation areas fIor 28.6 km., and 32 km., respectively (Figure 2.1-3). Tree diversity along the altemative 1 alignment is 75 species while the diversity along alternative 2 and 3 alignments are 103 and 82 species, respectively. Considering on wildlife, no traces of 'protected animal' found along the alternative 1 alignment while the altemative 2 and 3 have 3 and 4 species of protected wildlife, respectively. The animals which mostly found are: Elephas maximas, Hylobates Lar, Ursus malayanus, Ursus thibitanus, Muntiacus feae, Bos gaurus, Naemorhedus sumatrensis and Buceros bicomis. Moreover, along the altemative 2 and 3 the elephant tracts are commonly found, thus, the project construction activity would induce high impacts on nature of the elephant in the project area. Based on the toftal evaluation point Table 2.1-2!i the altemative 1 is the recommended alignment to be developed because obtaining the highest marks (56.25); 10.75% higher than that of the altemative 3; and 14.50% higher than that of the altemative 2. Therefore, all of studying after this step will conduct only with altemative 1 alignment. 2.2 PIPELINE FACILITIES The pipeline facilities related to this project include new metering controls to be set up at the Ban I-Tong and Ratchaburi Power Plant a new gas pipeline with diameter of 42 at distance of 260 km onshore from Ban ITong to Ratchaburi, and modifications of the SCADA equipment and software (Figure 2.2-1). ENV1OO4712WCHAP-2MOC PAGE 2-13 N~~~ I 1 X g|| |TIE-rI i.,. t ff Dt> fi E IN mON 0 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ z ALTRNAIVE3 - ' I 2'z tSW.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;. C~~~~~~~~K I CONSERNATIVE 3OETAE -U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r FIGURE 2.1-3 THE ALTERNATIVES GAS PIPELINE PASS THRU NATIONAL RESERVED FOREST AREA N)~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S z L '7~5.0 - zgZ W t0L I' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 oe 12tToN:XPA}|�t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ km e3 E~~~~~ b [ X X X t ~~~~~t *^ s-S. SCALE z FIGURE 2 1 3 THE ALTERNATI E GA P PASS N RESERVEDVFORESORE A R Z ( o td)j44zXXW OfTAEISIA3EfRARCITR m ;R X3 3E fit ga., %,t F. .'X T i V E _ Z S S g W 1 < 01~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c 35+ C JRE 2.1-3 : THE ALTERNATIVESGASPIPELINEPASSTHRUNATIONALRESERVE O NSERVATIVE FOREST A RICont'dl | EA tn -V TABLE 2.1-2 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SELECTION ON THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES Alternatives Environmental Elements I 2 3 Ievel- point level point level point Forest 125 raint_ 11 DOsturbane on the torest resevamtoreas I 15 ) . ConserNaton forest 1 5 1 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 025 125 * Watershed Class IA ( 8 I 0.50 4.00 025 2.00 0.25 200 * Watershed Class 1 ( 2 i 0.25 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.75 1.50 1.2 Abunrdance of forest resources I 10 i - Tree densrty 2 I 0.50 1.00 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.50 - Seolmp density I 2) 0.25 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 - Seedling dtensty ( 2 I 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.50 1.00 - Bamiboocuirndensity I 2 I 025 0.50 025 0.50 0.50 1t00 - Speaes 1 2 ) 0.50 1.00 025 0.50 0.25 0.50 2. Wildlife (25 point) - Spes of wildlife fouwd abnS with the I 8 0.75 6.00 025 2.00 0.25 2.00 gas p"- alignmen D,turance on tood soume I 7 0.50 3.50 050 3.50 0.50 3.50 - Disturbawce on tracs of st tor food I 10 1 0.75 7.50 0.25 2.50 025 2.50 3. SoaoDecouin)ltSPoir - Dis e dur constructon phae 5 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 0.Q0 2.50 * lm On cntrniiy tatndb1Ad I 10 ) 0.50 500 050 500 0.50 5.00 4. Hydrology / Surface Water Olit / Ecology 110 point) - lpatonhydrology ( 4 I 0.50 2.00 0.25 1.00 0.50 2.00 *Illpact on^werNuWlty I 3 1 0.50 1.50 0.25 0.75 0.50 1.50 -irrpcton aquaticecolgy ( 3 1 0.50 1.50 0.25 0.75 0.50 1.50 5 Transportaton 110 point) *Ircveanwce ml1as transporaso II 5I 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 lmpacson roadstuctre ( 5) 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 6. Archaeologic sites 115 point) DisturtanreonreligousijnWes ( 7 0.75 525 0.75 5.26 0.75 525 * Distunbace on suucture ot religmous tbmti1g 8 ) 075 600 075 600 0.75 6.00 Total 1100 point) 56.25 42.75 45.50 Note: Letel - level of teironmntliliLt 0.75 Minimal adverse pact 0.50 Moderate adverse npWt 0.25 High adverse pact 0.00 Severe adverse impact atsndvloosotzw.2tA�xt2L-s PAGE 2-16 N~~~ ~' - t ' C) .1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ L~~~~111 iiii't, 5 to ~~~~~~~~~'*~, a Km. fl* &4J~~~~~~~1i~~~U~~hy~~~ g~~~F opff wo SCALE~'GRPH, -V 16~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- m - ru' - I -rA"~~~~~~~~~~ i2uun: 4,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 0 ~~~~~10 KM ~~ ~ GRAPHIC ~~SCALE S w ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I, ... . .... ~ I FIGURE 221:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. . .. 0 THE PROPOSED YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE (Cont'd)~ 14.004. PI2~~ 11 -~~47 -Nm D* a Ti.*T* m ) I *4b~~~~~~~~~~~**~~~~g ~~~~ :~~~~~ ~~~-~~~ - - ' O~~~~~~~~~RAPH4IC SCALE /4 -,, %...C hw.,. ftc - r If*SN9Ik -7 --$ / / ''~~/h-\-4~UI '' .j, A1kJ j - / ~~~~- ~~~~vI 4' / -I.---~~~~~~J As* & '..S9 ~ . .-A~,e m CD~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-V CIA Ur TAUIAA4 IVA I UfML %3A.) rlr:LlNt rKuJL.-I tINAL jtPUIRI 2.2.1 Pipeline Design The natural gas pipeline will be designed in accordance with ASME B 31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. The pipe wall thickness and grade will be designed for a maximum operating pressure of 1250 psig. The wall thickness of the pi-p will be increased, as required, at crossings of highways, railways, major waterways, and areas in proximity of inhabited structures as specHfied in the codes. The pipe will be externally coated to prevent corrosion. Pipe Line block valves will be located at various points on the pipeline to allow isolation of portions of the system. The block valves will be equipped with gas driven actuators for ease of operation. Each valve will be located in a designated fenced/guarded area. Facilities will be provided at the valve sites to allow venting of the pipeline in the event of an emergency. Scraper traps will be installed at the Ban I-Tong (launcher), intermediate site, and Ratchaburi Station (receiver). 2.2.2 Cathodic Protection In addition to the extemal pipe coating, the pipeline will be protected from corrosion by means of an active cathodic protection system. Testing stations will be located along the pipelines to allow monitoring of the cathodic protection system. 2.3 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION METHOD 2.3.1 Normal Construction Procedure The pipeline construction will basically be a linear assembly line, in which the equipment and workers move along the pipeline route at a constant pace for each performing an assigned task. The work process begins with the preparation of right-of-way, which serves as the work site, and ends with the burial of the pipe and the restoration of the land surface. The followings are the major work steps involved in the construction process: E"v1OO4,9?n2Igc,4AP.z.DoC PAGE 2-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (1) Right-of-Way Preparation The purpose of this work function is to provide a smooth and even work area and to facilitate the movement of equipment onto and along the pipeline route. (2) Pipe Stringing Stringing is the delivery and distribution of pipe along the right-of-way. Specially equipped trucks are used to safely haul the pipe from the storage yard to the right-of-way. (3) Trenching Trenching or ditching is merely the excavation of a trench for laying the pipe. The trench can be excavated using a backhoe or a specially designed wheel-type ditching machine. In areas containing rock, blasting is sometimes used if the rock cannot be economically fractured or fipped using mechanical methods. The depth of the trench is a function of how much cover is required over the pipe. However, the contractor will be responsible for providing a minimum of 1 meter of cover over the pipe for the Onshore Pipelines. Therefore, the minimum trench depth for 42-inch pipeline is approximately 2.1 meters. In some areas along the pipeline route, such as highway and khlong crossings, the pipeline trench may be deeper than 2.1 meter to meet permitted requirements of authorities having jurisdiction on those particular crossing or area of construction. (4) Bending Individual pipe joints may be bent to ensure that the completed pipeline contour matches the bottom contour of the trench. The bending will be done alongside the trench using specialized equipment which handles the pipe with little or no damage to the exterior coating. Any damage of the coating system shall be repaired prior to installation. (5) Welding Welding of the pipe joints is completed in a series of steps, beginning with the line-up of the two bevelled ends to critical tolerances, and following by numerous welding passes. Typically, the welding is done manually. On large diameter pipe, two welders work on one weld, one on inside and another on outside of the pipe. Welds are ENV100l4"712$iCHAP-2.D0C PAGE 2-21 visually inspected and examined by radiography (x-ray) to determine their quality and acceptability. (6) External Coating After acceptance of the weld, the area adjacent to the weld is cleaned and coated to prevent corrosion. Prior to movement into the trench, the entire pipeline segment is tested for coating defects and ff found, those defects are corrected. (7) Lowering-In The pipe is normally lowered into the trench in long sections of welded pipe joints. This critical step is closely coordinated and supervised. The lifting and movement of the pipe section are done by 'side boom' tractors which have the ability of lifting the pipe section by making discrete vertical and horizontal movements. (8) Backfilling After the pipe has been placed in the trench, the soil taken from the trench or other selected materials are backfilled. Special care is taken to ensure that there is sufficient material undemeath and above the pipe, and also to prevent damage to the coated pipe. Where the pipe is laid in rocky or rough soils, a padding of selected material (dirt or sand) is used to support and isolate the pipe from large rocks, etc. (9) Crossings Pipeline crossings of highways, railways, rivers, or other pipelines or cables are made in accordance with the requirements of the owners. In general, major highways shall be crossed without disruption of traffic. To accomplish this, a larger diameter steel casing pipe is bored and jacked under the highway using specially designed equipment and then the gas pipeline is welded to the casing pipe and is pulled undemeath to lie across the highway the crossing (Figure 2.3-1). At crossings that are navigable by pleasure or commercial craft, contractor shall comply with all special precautionary measures required by federal, state and local maritime autholities, to preverit or minimize obstructions to navigation on the water course. ENV1OW71250CAP-2.DOC PAGE 2-22 m ELECtRICAL WARNING SI1N T1RANSMISSION LINE INWICATING SliGNl z ._. el0 X / PRESSURE GAS WARNING SIGN P -IPELINE INDICATING IIIG11 / PRESSUIRE GAS .i PIPELINE PF ROAD E 2 1~ ~MN C 1R 135 .0NI.CR T ml~~~~~~~T STRAIGIIT PIPE FOR FULL WIDTII OF ROAD RESERVE FIGURE 2.3-1 PAVED RURAL ROAD CROSSING m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 CM . .. N EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Construction of the pipe across rivers and streams shall be performed in such a manner as to keep to a minimum the damage to shorelines, water crossed, adjacent drainage areas, and fish and wildlife habitats. (a) Open Cut Crossinas Across small streams, the pipeline shall normally be laid by the open cut method as practicable and, where required, it shall be held in place by means of concrete set-on weights or concrete coating or screwed anchors. Cutting of the pipeline ditch in sloped approaches shall not be undertaken until actual pipe laying is ready to be carried out in order to minimize silt input into the water course. If necessary, the work area shall be graded, and other precautions shall be taken, to prevent surface run-off from entering the ditch. In addition, the silt fences, hay bales or other appropriate means will be applied to control erosion and sediment runoff at all water channels adjacent to the trench or other earth exposing construction activities. Following installation of the pipe, the beds of streams and rivers shall be restored, as neatly as possible, to their former elevations and grade. Spoil, debris, piling, construction materials, and obstructions resulting from the construction of the pipeline shall be removed from the crossing to prevent interference with normal water flow and use of the waterways, and shall be disposed in a satisfactory manner. Where practicable, stream and river banks shall be backfilled and compacted to a point above the high water line and, if necessary, sandbagged and, or rip- rapped to prevent soil and bank erosion. As a minimum, compaction shall be to densities equivalent to those of the surrounding soils. (b) Bored Crossings In certain cases, the jurisdictional authority may require that installation of the pipeline across the waterway be performed by boring. Bored crossings shall be instalied using a pilot pipe section. Once the pilot section is in place, the permanent coated carrier pipe shall be welded onto the pilot section and jacked or pulled through the bore. The pilot section shall then be cut off and removed. ENVlOo4a7125/CHAP-2DOC PAGE 2-24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (c) Directional Drilling The installation of the pipeline crossings may be accomplished by the use of the directional drilling method. A plan and profile of each crossing to be installed by directional drilling has to be approved. Entry and exit points shall be accurately located. Where the crossing is installed parallel to an existing pipeline, the crossing design shall ensure that a minimum of 6 meter separation is maintained between the pipelines throughout the full length of the crossing. Any drilling fluids, muds or chemical additives used shall be acceptable to the environmental authorities having jurisdiction, and the containment and disposal of such drilling fluids shall be in accordance with the permit requirements. It is anticipated that the Khwae Noi and Mae Klong rivers will be directionally bored ff the soils containing large boulders and sand are not suitable for directionally drilling (Figure 2.3-2). (10)Testing The completed pipe!ine is subiected to a hydrostatic test to approve its overall integrity. After venting all air from the completed pipeline, a pressure equivalent to 25 percent higher than maximum testing pressure shall be applied and held for 24 hours. During this time, the pressure and temperature shall be recorded to determine if there is any leakage. The contractor shall use fresh water from Mae Klong river for hydrostatically testing the pipeline. Therefore, the requirement for adding chemicals in the hydrotest water will be eliminated. After the hydrotest is completed, the fresh water shall be returned to the river. For the erosion control, the tested water shall be discharged onto a splash plate and shall be filtered using a hay bale structure. This hay bale structure shall be placed in an upland area allowing for additional filtration of the water through natural vegetation prior to entering the river. ENV1#007126MCMAP.2.OOC PAGE 2-25 (I1.) DRILLING A PILOT HOLE PILOT DRILL BIT 1 Z.) ENLARGING THE HOLE 3 ( 3.) INSTALLING THE PIPE RIVER REAMER FIGURE 2.3-2 DIRECTIONAL DRILLING METHOD ENViaWFIGm 22 PAGE 2-26 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 2.3.2 Pipeline Construction on Hilly Area The majority of the pipeline route passes through relativeiy fiat terrain which mostly is agricultural land. Approximately first 40 kilometres of the pipeline route, which beginning point is closed to Thailand - Myanmar border, passes through relatively hilly terrain which some part is covered by forest. These hilly areas are in high elevation, about 800 to 900 meters, and in rolling area, which are not suitable for pipeline alignment. However, in this case, it is necessary to construct in these area, so it is desirable to select a route which intersects the contours at right angles and avoid side cuts if possible. Even though, laying on slope will increase construction difficulties, and affect more works which are required to minimize right-of-way erosion during life time of pipeline operation. Following are some recommended control measures for pipeline construction through hilly terrain. 2.3.2.1 Temporary Erosion Control Measures Pipeline construction procedure shall be well organized through all phases of the work to avoid the occurance of right-of-way erosion. Temporary right-of-way grading should be made in such away that no erosion occurs before the implementation of permanent erosion control measures. Pipeline stringing, ditching, welding, lowering in, and backfilling should be well proceeded such that minimal amounts of open ditch and unrestored areas are left exposed to the effects of heavy rains. The pipeline contractor must ensure that suitable and adequate temporary erosion control measures are in place during this phase of construction. Pipeline backfilling should be followed immediately with implementation of permanent erosion control measures. ENV100487125/"CAP.2.D0C PAGE 2-27 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 2.3.2.2 Permanent Erosion Control Measures (1) Ditch Plugs Ditch plugs shall be installed in the ditch prior to backfilling to ensure that no surface runoff occurs along thn pipeline which would cause wash out of the backfill materials (Figure 2.3-3 and 2.3-4). (2) Diversion Berms Diversion berms are required on all sloping terrain as an erosion mitigation measure. Each diversion berm should be properly located and staked out to ensure that the proper direction of flow is achieved. An inclinometer should be used to determine the correct gradient of the berm. For berms that are lined with crushed rock, a slope of 5% to 10% should be used. If the berms are unlined, 5% of slope should be maintained. Berms that are too shallow, gradients will quickly fill up with silt deposited on the uphill face and drained water will flow directly over the berm. Finally, the berm will be breached and becoming useless (Figure 2.3-5 and 2.3-6). (3) Terrace (slopes greater than or equal to 20 degrees) Where side cuts across the hills cannot be avoided, terraces may be required for pipeline construction. Terrace gradients should be property constructed and should be a constant connecting and compatible with the adjacent terrain. The width of a terrace should be 2 to 2.5 metres to ensure its stability. The terrace should be excavated into undisturbed soil. That is at least half of the terrace surface will comprise of undisturbed material. (4) Roach Construction A roach must be placed over the ditchline from 0.5 to 1.0 metres above grade to compensate for backfill settlement which will occur over time. In sloping terrain, without an adequate roach, backfill settlement can result in a channel developing along the ditchline leading to accelerated backfill erosion. A roach of adequate height and width effectively sheds water away from the ditchline. ENv100a7I2kO4aP-2.Doc PAGE 2-28 0) a 0 lx~~~~l / IIt-MiP!S -1 I- 8 ~~~~~~~llemap!s q:)IiP los paqjnlstpun oluj papu;alxo WE 10 3 ~~~~.............. ................ ........... .............. .............................................. : ~~~~~~........................................... .............. ........................ . .......................................... .... rL sgeqa p!S tll!P U~~~~~~~~~~~oA), iimLm 0 F- 0 ILN cc WV38 HI-M sonld HOIQLaU/1OS: 10-�- 3Nn91u 0 z alems-oi-ou wo,lloq tljYp I . (wnwuutw) wop I <t a.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....... ..............~s ~se~ 2 ~ ~ ~ ., ...................... IL 0 w4 g t t'Mitl!"llai * ~~~berm1s constrticted toI ; t ^t 'tI elii ia I ~provide b)reak i11 slop)e m | X k ( i Prg | | * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~tO dispxerse runolffiroin tlle 2 Zi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~m C r|ii'!s I I right-of-way Q preferredS directioti of, b)eriiis depends oni acttual e c r to Berm~~ toadispreruoffrg( jrfield direcition f.. igts -a field conclitiO,is -.* ' 1 :!3iitlbermn spacing depends on Riglit of Way steepness of slope N';g / l)berm spacing is shiorter whien .~~'-> runo-f I; ;/slope is steeper A A\t stirf ace runoff Is dispersed ' to forested/ undisturbedl . vegetated areas c FIGURE 2.3-5: STEEP SLOPE - TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT m N . 0 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m where required berm . no natural streams rig> t-of-wayZ crossing the a) _drainage C right-of-way channels S large' catcliment area fall zm -large volume of drainage sump E runofTfrom higher rock pile acts as pipe water brealcer to grounda . dissipate energy, ) . drainage steep side slopes on and pi-event cliannels both sides extend for a erosion long section of the A right-of-way not to PLAN scale berm SECTION drainage ck�nnels FIGURE 2.3-6 DRAINAGE SYSTEM -w N)._ w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT An opening in the roach of 1.0 metres will be required uphill of all diagonal diversion berms. An opening in the diversion berm is not necessary where a herringbone diversion berm pattern is adopted. (I) Revegetation The right-of-way should be revegetated as soon as possible after pipeline construction is completed and, the right-of-way has been cleaned up. Vegetative cover will provide additional erosion mitigative measures. (6) Width of Right-of-Way The right-of-way (ROMV width required to construct a NPS 42 diameter pipeline for the hilly area or KP.-KP.30 is approximately 20 metres. For the flat terrain the right-of-way width will be 30 meter. However, during detailed design the right-of-way width will be sized to allow for necessary side cut in the hilly area (Figure 2.3-7 and 2.3-8). . 3. 2.n E-arhquake lesign During the engineering design, a stress analysis study will be conducted for the pipeline and associated facilities. The stress analysis study will incorporate the maximum earthquake expected over the life of the pipeline based on historical information and probability predictions. With this information, the stress analysis study will identify any areas of concern. The results of the study will be used to determine the actual wall thickness of the pipe in addition to the hoop stress and other combined stresses. Areas of known earthquake faults zones will be avoided during route selection. During construction any earthquake fault zones will be crossed using special construction techniques to minimize the impact during operations of the pipeline. Such techniques include the use of extra thickness of pipe and excavation, and replacement of selected backfill material. ENVIO4"7125CAM.2DCc PAGE 2-33 0 6 m 6m 3m 5m > .4 .. 4--- -. 4 _____ m z m Additional Construction Area to be Spoil Pile Pipe lay Area Side Boom Work Area Leased/Acquired as Required at Steep slops area and for Vehicles 9m lm _ Passing area FIGURE 2.3-7 TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION IN 20 m RIGHT OF WAY > tm - - -t 0 8m 6m 5m Sm 6m l ~~~Spoil Pile 2.57 Pipe Lay Ar�a SIde Boom Work Area Other Vehicle Passage Areail m FIG(JRE 2.3-8: TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION IN 30 m RIGHT OF WAY CA)8 2.3.2.4 Erosion Measures (1) Minimize Clearing at Sensitive Areas The whole of the right-of-way shall be cleared of vegetation. However, at sensitive and critical areas such as steep slopes or river banks, where stripping of vegetation can result in geotechnical instability, they may be lefted uncleared. This practice aims to protect areas which are highly sensrtive and easily be damaged by erosion, particularly, for areas which may take high cost or are difficult to rectify if damage. Steep and unstable side-slopes shall be undisturbed. (2) Grading The purpose of land grading is to form a flat stable working surface suitable for pipe installation activities, to provide adequate erosion control, and to avoid slope stability problems (Figure 2.3-9). Grading shall be done only as required. Particular attention shall be given to undulating and hilly stretches, areas with transverse slopes, and areas which are environmentally sensitive. Grading shall be kept to a minimum on native grassland. Grading Criteria: Grading activities shall fit and utilize existing topography and desirable natural surroundings to avoid extreme grade modifications. The direction of slopes shall, wherever possible, conform to the natural pattern of drainage prior to grading. Prior planning must be made to determine limitations that shall be imposed on the grading operations related to measures for drainage and water removal and vegetative treatment, etc. Grading activities shall conform to the following guidelines: * Clearing: If clearing has not been completed prior to grading and extra work space is required, the project shall ensure that soil from the cut areas is not pushed of the right-of-way into the bush during grading operations. ENVY17O1251CMP.2DC PAGE 2-36 ividth work side spoil sde.' 'I X X ie ~FIGRUE 2.3-9: TYPICAL GRADING CROSS-SECTION AT 'SIDE STEPES m * Positive Drainage: The right-of-way shall be graded to provided enough positive drainage, within the constraints imposed by operating requirements, to ensure that rainwater is drained away. Ponding shall not occur on the right-of-way. * Slope Protection: Surface water shall be diverted from the face of all cut and/or fill slopes by the use of diversions and ditches or conveyed downslope by the use of a designed structure. Slope faces shall not be subjected to any concentrated flow of water from natural diches or drains, etc. * Spoil material: Spoil material from grading operations shall not be placed where it will interfere with natural drainage such as streams. It shall not be pushed into the bush of the right-of-way or in other areas where it cannot be readily removed. Soil shall not be pushed into streams. * Slope Cutting: Slope cutting shall be maintained to a maximum grade of 1:1.5 (vertical:horizontal) or flatter; grading on filed slopes shall be restricted to its angle of repose or flatter. This is to ensure slope stability and integrity, and to limit the energy momentum gained by water run-off. - Benches: Reverse slope benches or diversions shall be provided whenever the vertical interval {height) of any 2:1 slope exceeds 4.5 m. Benches shall be located so as to divide the slope face as equally as possible and shall convey the water to a stable outlet. Soils, seeps, rock outcrops, etc., shall also be taken into consideration when designing benches (Figure 2.3-10). * Benches shall be wide enough to accommodate the equipment both during construction and for maintenance. ENVO009712'CHAP-2.DOC PAGE 2-38 rn W. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~. ....... -b-n-cli not to scale z reverse grade of max 2:1 L 5-10% or-flatter \ maximum 4.5m FIGURE 2.3-10: SIDE SLOPE TERRACING mr 0 -4 * Benches shall be designed viith a reverse grade of 5-10% of flatter to the toe of the upper slope and with a minimum of 0.3 m in depth. Longitudinal bench gradient to the outlet shall be about 1 %. * The water runoff flow length within a bench shall not exceed 250 m. Banks: Banks resulting from cutting and filling shall be sloped to prevent injury or death of persons, livestock and wildlide. Slopes shall not be created so close to property lines as to endanger adjoining properties without adequately protecting such properties against erosion, slippage, subsidence or other related damages. * Finish of Surfaces: Where cut and filled works are created to carry the rght-of-way across transverse slopes, these finished surfaces shall not be graded to a smooth surface but shall incorporate a series of parallel ridges perpendicular to the gradient of the slope, formed by driving the bulldozer up and down the slope leaving the imprint of its racks behind. These ridges will help reduce the velocity of surface water run-off. * Slopes Exceeding 30% Gradient: Where slopes of 30% gradient or greater exist in any direction, the project shall minimize the disturbance to the slopes and grades only that portion of the right-of- way required to obtain a suitable working space. To avoid excavation and disturbance to the soil, grading by the 'two-toning' method may be undertaken, if the cuts are required to provide a suitable working surface. Two-toning involves grading the right-of-way in two levels; one level for the pipe and one level for passage of equipment and vehicles (Figure 2.3-1 1). 1NV1004*?12&CHAP-2M=C PAGE 2-40 m i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 2 FIGURE 2.3-11: TYPICAL GRADING-SECTION AT SIDE SLOPE ct ~~~~TWO-TONING TECHNIQUE rn 0 Z > I 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mn 2 FIGURE 2.3-11: TYPiCAL GRADiNG-SECTION AT SIDE SLOPE~~~ _ _ __ D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 * Subsurface Drainage: Subsurface drainage shall be provided where necessary to intercept seepage and/or springs that would otherwise adversely affect slope stabiiity or create excessively wet site conditions that would hinder or prohibit vegetative establishment. * Fills: All fills shall be compacted as required to reduce erosion, slippage, settlement, subsidence or other related problems. All fill shall be placed and compacted by heavy track machineries in layers not to exceed 20 cm in thickness. Soft, mucky or highly compressible materials shall not be incorporated into fills. * Stream Crossing: Ditches and drains shall not be filled for passage of equipment until and unless the project has obtained the required written approval. Culverts shall be installed by the project to ensure drainage is not obstructed in these areas. In small streams and ditches where it is necessary to maintain flow at the crossing, a flume shall be installed. All culverts and flumes installed must be adequate to permit water flow due to heavy storms. No flooding and degradation to water quality shall occur due to inadequate water passage. (3) Riprap Riprap is a layer of loose rock, aggregate or salvaged timber placed over an erodible soil surface, The purpose of riprap is to protect the soil surface from the erosive forces of water by dissipating the kinetic energy of water (Figure 2.3-12). Conditions: Riprap is installed at soil-water interfaces where soil conditions, water turbulence and velocity, expected vegetative cover, and groundwater conditions of the right-of-way are such that the soil may erode under design flow conditions (Table 2.3-1). It is used to protect bends of streams crossing the right-of-way which are diverted temporarily during construction. Erosion forces of flowing water is greater in bends than in straight channels. The riprap shall extend across the bottom and up both sides of the channel. Riprap shall also be used to protect the toes of temporary bridges across waterways on the right-of-way. 9NV1OOJ712W/HAP42.DOC PAGE 2-42 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- nprap rqnre ..mdXy | ~~~~~~~~~altered drainage pattern l FIGURE 2.3-12: EXCAMPLE OF RIPRAP APPLICATIONn G) mm _ _ __ - _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- TABLE 2.3-1 RIPRAP INSTALLATION Stone Mixture Well-graded mixture composed prmarily of larger stone mixes but with a sufficient mixture of other sizes to fill the progressively smaller voids between the stones. The stones shall be hard and angular and of such quality that it will not disintegrate on exposure to water or weathering. Installation Height Riprap shall extend up the banks to a height equal to maximum depth of flow or to a point where vegetation can be established to adequately protect the channel. Filter Material layer placed between riprap and underlying surface to prevent soil movement into and through the riprap. Either "single layer of plastic filter cloth manufactured for that express purpose" properly graded layer of sand, gravel, or stone. Plastic filter shall be protected from punching, cutting or tearing. EN4Vt0471251CHAP-2DOC, PAGE 2-44 On ~,r I s*Lfl-1- *r - -- WfL -lO rnwr.MiVC rnLh,CL, rilVMLr nitrvn I (4) Hard Plugs Hard Dlugs are blocks of material that shall be left unexcavated in the trenchline. The function of hard plugs are to interrupt surface water flow and prevent scouring of the trench bottom. These hard plugs will be removed at the time of pipe lowering-in (Figure 2.3-13). Conditions These plugs are needed when trenching at particularly on long or steep longitudinal slopes especially those greater than 10% gradient. Their frequency shall be determined according to the length and gradient of the slope and shall take into account how early will trenching precede the lowering-in activity. (5) Temporary Covers Cover in the form of overlapping plastic sheeting, geotextile, sackcloth, palm fronds of similar materials used to provide temporary protection against rainstorm. Conditions: Needed for any area in the right-of-way where it is considered to be particularly vulnerable to erosion, either due to particularly prolonged inclement weather or due to very unstable slopes or similar circumstances. This protection shall remain until either the circumstances change or until such time when permanent control measures and revegetation is instigated. Situations also requiring such treatment are stored banks of top soil and circumstances such as a steep cut sandy slope exposed for part of heavy rainy or monsoon season. (6) Sediment/Silt Trap A sediment or silt trap is a small temporary basin formed by excavation of embankment to intercept sediment laden runoff and to trap and retain the sediment. The purpose of a sediment trap is to intercept sediment laden runoff and trap the sediment in order to protect drainageways streams properties, and right-of-way below the sediment trap from sedimentation. Sediment traps are also used to minimize water pollution and also to limit suspended solids in the runoff to acceptable limits. ENVION4IS7126MMHAP-2.0OC PAGE 2-45 .1~~. 0 z z Hard Plug /_ Break in trenching / /' y -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- z m / _< \ . / \ ~~~~~to drain accumulated 8- . _ ~~Trench/ run-Off sO,. . / not to scale G) FIGURE 2.3-13: HARD PLUGS m _) C EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 2.4 PIPELINE OPERATIONS 2.4.1 Gas Transmission Facilities The overall gas transmission facilities consist of the metering and pressure control, the 42' pipeline, liquids removal and dewpoint control, onshore compressor station, and metering facilities. The system will be monitored and controlled via SCADA from the Operations Center in Chonburi. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and communications facilities would be required at Ratchaburi Meter Station. SCADA data would be sent to the Operations Center near Chonburi where PTT has an existing SCADA and Communications system for their current pipeline networks. 2.4.2 Pipeline Markers The onshore portion will be identified by above ground markers which provide a waming of the presence of the pipeline and phone numbers for contacting PTT. In addition, kilometer marker will be installed at regular intervals to allow identification from the air as well as from the ground level. 2.4.3 Gas Leak Control To control the pipeline, including leak detection, on-line information from the pipeline inlet and outlet will be monitored; pressure, temperature, density and volumetric flow. On-line pipeline integrity monitoring software in the SCADA system will perform overall pipeline mass balances, pipeline hydraulics, and rate of change pressure calculations to check for small leaks on a long-term basis and for leaks on a short-term basis. ENV1OO4ig7125lCHAP-2DOC PAGE 2-47 ccr r r..,vW lEA 0 r_ c.a,, ' cc wI r flL.j.I c| FINAL REPORT 2.4.4 Operations Schedule The new pipeline system is intended to operate continuously. Equipment requiring maintenance will have stand-by units to allow a shut-down without interruption of gas flow in the pipeline. Flow rates will vary seasonally and throughout the day in conjunction with onshore gas demand. 2.5 OVERALL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM 2.5.1 Construction Stage The mobilization for the onshore pipeline and meter station construction is scheduled to commence in 1996. The offshore pipeline should be ready for pre- commissioning by 1998 (Figure 2.5-1). Testing and commissionings are scheduled for completion at the mid of 1998. 2.5.2 Operation Stage Actual gas operations in the new system can begin in 1998. The number of the operating staffs in the operation phase is approximately 5 persons in each Block Valve Station. 2.5.3 Engineering Plan The basic engineering will start immediately upon work authorization. The existing engineering team in Bangkok will be supplemented to handle this work. Specifically for the early Phase 1, work involving further pipeline route investigations and the selection of the final pipeline route, a pipeline locating/construction specialist will be added. ENV1000712&CHAP-2DOC PAGE 2-48 m AWARD LSTtC EPC PROJECT COMPLETION M ~ ~ ~ 2. 's Zi F v{t P HASE I WoRK<r2$3.sQ9tos' Detail Engineering O PreiOminary * Oesign Basis | Zpdate Preliminary * Civil/Struclural/ArchitecturaI * SCADA & Telecommunications z Engineering * Scope of Facilities Design Drawings * Mechanical * Start-up Procedures T . Preliminary Design * Implementation Plan and Specincations * Instrument/Controls * Operalion & Malntenance Mianuals r * Survey * Lump Sum EPC LjJ * Freeze Design Basis * Electrical * Training Reccommendallons C) a * Cost Estimates Cost Estimate O Site work * Pipeline * Spare Parts Recommendations * Schedules . - -- -_--- cri * Procurement _r* EnvironmentaVl * Construction Drawings * Manuals/Records * Safety Guidelines 3: D Permitting Support r Construction Specifications * Training * As-Built Drawings Zj Pretiminaly _ t * Spare Parts * Assist Commissioning & Initial Gas Operations q Procturement * r_cu_reme_nti4Pan _1e Activities * Long Lead items Im * Purchase Long Lead * Intemational Purchase Order -* Supplineuaity 2 * IntemationallThai * ECA Agreemenls I Z r Orders & Contract Admintstration * Field Procurement * Content * Traffic & Logistics ( * Award Purchase * Thai subcontracts & * Expediting * Vendor Plan Orders & Purchase Orders * Traffic S logistics * Negotiation Subcontracts * Supptler Ouality Inspections * Logistics __ _ _ m Sj Preminary m I_ _ _ _ _ _ _I__ _ > Constructlon _____ Activities I Onshore Pipeline Establish Temporary | * construction ConstructionPlan Facillties s Permanent construction | Planning * Station Pipeline * Project Offices - New Pipeline * Cathodic Protection System * Mechanical * Subcontractor Construction Plan * Field Offices * Stations * Maintenance Basis Completion Agreements C) * Marshaling Yard * Block Valve Statlons * Centrat Control Room * Commissioning * Right of way Z C Construction Yard * Equipment * Pipe Yards * Materials Warehousing : Camps PrelIminary Contract | Financing/ Negotlations Investment Plan * Execution |Commercial | Accounting * Cost Control * Schedule Control * Quality Control * Progress Monitoring Approach - Ownership Plan | Owner/Contractor & ECA Agreements C Negotiations iTi FIGURE 2.5-1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT IMF'LEMENTATION PLANT FOR TIHE GAS PIEPLINE D Co _ riA ur YMLJWANA rMAI UMAL UAi rIMLIWd rMUJtL.I FINAL REPORT 2.6 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 2.6.1 Financial Analysis The financial analysis will be considered from income of only gas sales and from operating cost including the following component; - Compensations; - Direct operating costs; - Consulting costs; - Project executive cost; - Contingency. The total costs are about 16,500 Baht. From the financial analysis are found that the financial interest rate ratio (FIRR) is 63.96% and the Net Present Value (NPV) at 15% of discount rate is 81,356 M$. 2.6.2 Economic Analysis The economic interest rate ratio (EIRR) is 55.88% and the Net Present Value (NPV) at 15% of discount rate is 61,300 MS. 2.6.3 Effects of Environmental Monitoring Cost on Finance and Economic Environmental monitoring cost predicted (shown in Appendix K Table K-1) is about 197 MS. This will not be significantly effected on the financial and economic concem which can be summarized as follow. 2.6.3.1 Effects on Financial Ratio FIRR will be a little change from 63.96% to 63.72%; NPV (at 15%) change from 81,356 MS to 81,227 MS. 2.6.3.2 Effects on Economical Ratin EIRR will be a little change from 55.88% to 55.63%; NPV (at 15%) change from 61,300 MS to 61,170 MS. ENV100W41265:FW-2.DOC PAGE 2-50 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3 EXISTING EN4VIRONMEMTAL CNDlITION 3.1 TOPOGRAPHY/GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY 3.1.1 Introduction The scope of this study is to investigate and review the topography, geological condition, and seismicity along the natural gas transmission pipeline. Main objectives are to collect data and to assess probable effects of geology and seismology upon project components. 3.1.2 Methodology The geological information was collected from available publications and geological maps by the Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Industry. Field checks were conducted for compiling the preliminary geological and topographic data. The 1:50,000 maps were used as a base map. Seismological data of the proposed project areas were collected from the Meteorological Department and other related publications. 3.1.3 Results of the Study 3.1.3.1 Topography The topography of the western region along the natural gas transmission pipeline are located in the Tanaosri Mountain-Range. The topography are characterised by complicated mountain, especially in Thong Pha Phum district which is the border of Myanma-Thailand. Furthermore, the alluvial lowlands between the highland are confined in the south of Sai Yok district to Dan Makham Tia district. ENV1IO4i9712S/=HAP.3DOC PAGE 3-1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT For the eastem parts of Chom Bung to Ratchaburi province, topography is flat alluvial plain from Mae Klong river. 3.1.3.2 Geology The geological map of western Thailand along gas pipeline is shown in Figure 3.1-1. Based on this map, the ages of rock were classified into three units as Permian, Jurassic and Quaternary. A summary of principal rock units is described as follows: (1) Permian Rocks of this age are found in Khao Chang Phuak at Ban-l-Tong located at the west of Thong Pha Phum district, Khao Phu-Thong near Ban Kui-Yae of Thong Pha Phum district and some areas of Ban Lum Sai at the northwest of Dan Ma Kham Tia district. They are classified mainly as grey to dark grey limestone deposited in thin bedded and thick bedded with fossils. The other types are grey-red to black shale with thin bedded and thickness bedded, yellow-brown sandstone, silty-sandstone with sand and mica compound and conglomerate, mudstone, and shale with sand. (2) Jurassic Rocks of the Jurassic Period were found in Khao Phu-Thung in the south of Thong Pha Phum district and in the east of Chom Bung district, Ratchaburi province along the transmission gas pipeline. They are also composed mainly of grey to dark grey limestone with thin bedded. (3) Quaternary Rocks of this age along with the transmission natural gas pipeline were found in a small area at Thong Pha Phum district, Kanchanaburi. Most of the transmission gas pipelines will pass through this rock into the south-ast of Dan Makham T'a district and the west of Chom Bung district. ENVIO4,97126cHAP-3.DOC PAGE 3-2 30 30'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ O to 20 KM. CRAPI4C SCALE Z C) K- 0 FUATRNARY AEU3.-L THPOES: R-MER CRAVE SATN. 5tHl ANO CALN ao- - rEIRACu DEPOS10 0S :E lCOAVPL.N t SAND A CA A O GAS PIPELINE tERnIRY = Sf.ICO5OU()ATDItO 10 KU CONSOUDATtE CONCLOUCRAll, SANDIteHE b0Ct >T C. KANCHANAWRI I>RASSTC FM DAq>( tO CIGHT 5AtY SANDY UWtSI04E ARD INTERCALATED SHALL*5ti>>N tg/2 REONDS. BADt4 TO RED SllSI0O t A"0 SA4DSI0tC t K/ EF SUBANruuR to sUtRotro. Rto 9sk cE.EmFyEo uutsta-E CD4r0t0EPAftt 0 PtAR..A. [ K//l Q[0 DARr. GRErY. vASSA *o BEDDEDD PARTLY REEr. IMESTONC. A.0 -?Ct S.II)INESDt8||>22^ At E.DOA. UC-1 0EI. RCCYSIAW .NtW.T ARCILLCtlOUS IIA.OS PlPELt AtJt RO4x2\ BeOIIA TOD.OR,I PHY UTE AIID OUARt211TE1 , t/ 9 LAC. SHALE A1) T..s BE&DD O)WUARnt o w 0A ORDMlAN D ARX CREI U.EST0R[ WPH ARC1UACCOUS rAND S+|0 3 CAMBRIA. C UARrz,rt. SC..IS A.0 MARBLj SEi tr \ /// DI.| lll RDRI-C. BEDDED D0AR2l1E. AND P.ItUTt )Eg1 S> PR[ CAMBRIAN C.E.SS. C.tC SIUCAIES aDcKS ..O SCHIST 0t CRETCEOUS ME<JDIUM TO COARSE CR.IHEEI BIOnTIt UUJSCDATt tRATt 70 M?E TRIASSIC M |Vt0UU to r,.t ORA-.ED NORNSU.0c al0XXit AND monit CRA^blC\ MI Z7 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~> : m FIGURE 3.1-1: THE GrEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN THAILAND ALONG GAS PIPELINE E Q . ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT The alluvium deposits are generally composed of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and weakly consolidated sediments. In the study area, the deposits are also the most extensive for all geologic formations, which present along all main steams including Kwae Noi, Kwae Yai andJ Mae Kl,ong River. 3.1.3.3 Seismology (1) Major Fault The transmission natural gas pipeline are located in Tensasserim Range seismic source zone (Figure 3.1-2) defined by Nutalaya et al. (1985). This seismic source zone is characterized by the NS-trending faults in Myanmar and the NW-SE trending faults in western Thailand. The major faults in this zone are Si Sawat and Three Pagodas faults. (Figure 3.1-3). (2) Seismicity Nutalaya et al. (1985) complied the seismic source areas in Thailand, Indochina, and part of Myanma and devied.them into 12 seismic source zones (Figure 3.1- 2). The information of seismicity from Department of Meteorology (Table 3.1-1) are shown with epicenter of earthquake occurring near the proposed project 6 time in 1983-1988 at Si- Swat District and Thong Pha Phum district. The magnitude were 4.1-4.5 in richter scale by the Thong Pha Phum meteorology record station (Figure 3.1-4). Nutalaya et al (1985) produced the maximum earthquake intensity map of Thailand and adjacent area (Figure 3.1-5). Table 3.1-2 shows the modified Merccalli scale of Earthquake intensity. It is clearly illustrated from Figure 3.1-4 and 3.1-5 that the proposed project areas are nearby the active siesmic source zone or being affected with minor to moderate earth intensity. ENV1O009712WOP-.3-DOC PAGE 3-4 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 90 100~~~~*o 105 / / | / ox^io0 - PAOSHAN CHINA20E 5 MYANMA S 7NNAN - XWSC& Co~~~~~~~~~z fw it~~~~~~SUM H \ \ \ v \ ZNE C HANOI \ \ \ � r ZONE C ) NZ7N N g / GULF OF 2 . 0 ) ) t X \ T A N G K t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7N GI FIGURE 1-2 SEISICSOURC ZONE OF BU . T D AD ITHAILANDN . JV1OO4~I~URE 3.1.2THE NATURAL GAS PIPLINE L /, / � \/\<RATc~~~RATHASURI > VIETNAM I !02:yA22DI WrXX4Jo j~~CAMODI > 1 / | �~~~~~ 100 200 300 \ < .t ~MALAYSA V CODE: 312.DWG fIGURE .3.1-2 SEISMIC SOURCE ZONE OF SURMA. THAILAND AND INDOCHINA 1 (After Nutoloyo et.oi , 1985) ENVIO04/FIGURE 3.1-2 P G - EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 98 100 102 104 20 MYANMA - HEANG SEAN FAULT 20 LAO 18 �)j, 18/R@ \CAMBODIA b ' O 100 ZOO KS C, *D 4.� 16 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 THAAYILAN 98 1oo 102 104 I CAMBODIA~~~~~~~~~CD 33.W FIGURE 3.1-3: THE MAJOR FAULTS ZONE IN THAILAND IEW10041GURE3.1-3 ,PAGE 3-6 TABLE 3.1-1 SELECTED EARTHQUAKES OF MAGNITUDE OVER 4.0 IN WESTERN THAILAND REGION (DATA SOURCE DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY) Date Epicenter Latitude Longitude Magnitude Z 15 Apr. 1983 Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi 14.9 N 99.0 E 5.3 MB 22 Apr. 1983 Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi 14.9 N 99.1 E 5.9 MB and 59 MS 17 Jul. 1983 Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi 15.20 N 99.021 E 4.7 MB 13 Jan. 1985 Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi 4.1 ML 10 Mar. 1985 Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi . 4.5 ML 28 Nov. 1988 Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi 15.05 99.80 4.5 ML I_ - > m -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 90 10 0 6 Aug 1988 6.8.7.2 j 24 Apr 1984 6 Nov 1988 29 ep1989 / \t5.9 6 1.7.3 28 Apr 1971 25 29 Stp 1989 5 4 CHINA 5.6 22 Sep. 1965 30 Mor 1989 y Z ~~~~~~~6 znr 98\w 3r4 0 1 Oct. 1989 6\8,7)2 5.3~~~~~4 : \ MY~~MANMA \ / ( 2 Avg. 1978 \ / \ z > ) X ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.1 _25 July 1986 \ 23 Moy. 1912 \ / 9~ / \4.0 \ ~~~~7.9 B)\ * / 4- Apr. 1989 5.2 * V \ / / 19 Feb. 1988 5 July.t985 ~ ~ +\ tz 5 4.5 20 > 5 0 / ~~CHG - (_J 4 Dec. 1930 A- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~22 Dec. 1980 7.3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.0 } i BDT 23 Dec. 1980 S MUY. 1930 Affi 0-1 A * ~~ _ 4.2 73 17 e 95< \ S 24 July. 1978 \ \ 15 Apr. 1983 N5.6 )0 5.3ALO ' HD 0 _PCT_ 29 twoy. 1978 LA o 15 - 22 Apr. 19B3 \ KBR AL 4.5 )1 5.9 MTA . ; \ ~~~~~THAILAND fMTA 14 Fe 1967 o CAMBODIA ��� ' ' *���) *�(' ,0 :-�0/ '< .0~~~~~~~~~~~~o * 16 MOy. 1933 THE EPICENTER a 6.5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 . T EPICENTE OF EARTHOUAKE IN ENV1 E 3.14N THAILAND 4 Apr. 1983 > 12 Apr 1967 | 0 100 20P 300 < \ * I l . ~~~~~~~~SEfSMOCRAPH STAnON \ \ .t M~ALAYSI < . < X ( ~~~~~~~~~~~MAGNITUDE (RICHTER) . _ _ .. _ ._ ._ _ . '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ODE: 314.DWG TEAM FIGURE 3.1-4: THE EPICENTER OF EARTHOUAKE IN THAILAND E N IV I O N M I G U R E & 1 - 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~PA G E 3 -8 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 80 90 100 110 120 IX ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~HN )<<(3 VII AL L<- LA CAMBODIA OE 15OW FIGURE 3.1-5 MAXIMUM EARTHOUAKE INTENSITY MAP OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT AREAS ENVIOO4FfCGUOE 3D4 PAGE 3-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECTr FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.1-2 MODIFIED MERCALLI SCALE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY 1. Net felt except by a very few under especially favorable circumstances. 11. Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings. delicately supended objects may swing. Ill. Felt quite noticeably indoors, expecially on upper floors, but many people do not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Vibration like passing truck. Duration estimated. IV. During the day felt indoors by many, outdoors by few. At night some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make creaking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rock noticeably. V. Felt by nearly everone; many awakened. Some dishers, windows, etc., borken; a few instances of cracked plaster; unstable objects overturned. Dusturbances of trees, poles, and other tall objects sometimes noticed. Pendulum clocks may stop. VI. Felt by all; many frightened and run outdoor. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster or damaged chimneys. Damage slight. VII. Everybody runs outdoors. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction: slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structrues; considerable in porly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. Noticed by persons driving motor cars. VIII. Damage slight in specially designed structures. condiderable in ordinary substantial buildings, with partial collapse; great in poorly built structures. Panel walls thrown out of frame structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, movements, walls. Heavy fumiture. overturned. Sand and mud ejected in small amounts. Changes in wellwater levels. Disturbs persons driving motor cars. EWV1O04X7126flAB31.2.XLS PAGE 3-10 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.1-2 (Cont'd) IX. Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb; great in substantial buildings. withpartial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. Ground cracked conspicuously. Underground pipes broken. / X. Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures destroyed with foundations; ground badly cracked. Rails bent. Landsides considerable from river banks and steep slopes. Shifted sand and mud. Water splashed over banks. Xl. Few, if any, masonry structurs remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Broad fissures in ground. Underground pipelines completely out f\of service. Earth slumps and slips in soft ground. Rails bent greatly. X!!. Damages total. Waves seen on ground surfaces. Lines of sight and level distorted. Objects thrown upward into the air. ENV1004i7126TEAB31-2XLS PAGE 3-11 CIR Ltf YAUANA N NA I UOMPL uAb rirmiINt rIluJtL I FINAL REPORT 3.2 HYDROLOGY The development of the gas transmission pipeline will certainly pass through streams, creeks, and rivers which may disturb the existing hydrological regime in certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to set up the baseline data on the concerned asnerts which can be furthur used in the hydrological impact assessment. 3.2.1 Data Collection and Analysis The concerned Hydrological Data include: - Meteorological Data - Rainfall Data - Runoff Data - Sediment Data/Soil Erosion Data Analysis of data was carried out from observed data at various stations network in the project area. The available data for analyzing are belonged to the Meteorological Department, Royal Irrigation Department, and Department of Energy Affaires. The long-term means of meteorological data from key stations in Kanchanaburi province were analyzed on monthly basis. The meteorological data for such analysis are air pressure, temperature, humidity, evaporation, dew-point, cloudiness, visibility, and wind speed. An isohyetal map of the project area was prepared by average annual rainfall analysis. Besides of this, a probability analysis of rainfall data was carried out to determine the rain intensities for various return periods and durations. Runoff and sediment analysis was analized for these parameters relationship for each sub-catchment area of the project area. Furthermore, estimation of flow and sediment concentration in each of the sub-basin which is crossed by gas pipeline was also pelliormed. ENV10dj7120WCAP-3.OC PAGE 3-12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.2.2 Results of the Study (1) Weather Surrounding weather of project site was observed at Kanchanaburi meteorological station. These weather records were analysed to determine the long-term means of meteorological data (monthly basis), maximum and minimum of air pressure, temperature, relative humidity, visibility, cloudiness, evaporation, dew-point, wind speed and direction. The results of meteorological data analysis are presented in Table 3.2-1. A summary of meteorological data analysis is given as below: - Air pressure: Annual average 1009.51 millibar Maximum (in January) 1024.28 millibar Minimum (in June) 998.20 millibar - Temperature: Annual average 27.9 degree Celsius Maximum (in April) 43.5 degree Celsius Minimum (in January) 5.8 degree Celsius Relative humidity: Annual average 68 % Minimum (in January) 11 % - Visibility: Annual average 9.5 km - Cloudiness: Annual average 6.0 octta scale - Evaporation Annual average 160.9 mm Mean maximum (in April) 221.7 mm Mean minimum (in November) 124.6 mm ENV1004i97125/CHAP-3.D0C PAGE 3-13 z TABLE 3.2-1 THE RESULTS OF METEROLOGICAL DATA C Evaporation and Air Pressure Temperature Relative Humidity Vlsibility and Cloudiness Dew Point Wind Spead and [Month Visibility-km Couldiness- Evap. Dew-Point Direczion (0-0) (mm. ICeloclus5 I Mean Ext. Ext. Mean Mean Mean Ext. Ext. Mean Mean Mean Ext. 700 LS Mean Mean Preen- Mean Mean Prevailing Max. GI Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Mien. Max. Mimn Min. pan Wind Wird Wind t U, Speed Speed - m z Jalnuary 1,012.90 1,003.38 1,024.38 25.4 32.3 18.2 38.1 5.8 62 86 40 11 52 7.8 35 137.6 169 21 NE 25 Z Febzruary 1.011.15 1,000.88 1,022.15 27.9 35.1 20.9 40.3 12.1 sO 84 38 12 49 7.0 38 153 18 7 26 SE 25 0 Murch 1,009.80 1,000 98 1,022 55 30.0 37.3 23.2 41.9 11.2 57 el 34 13 58 73 4.0 210 5 196 3 W 40 m Apri 1,008 36 999.46 1.020.18 31.2 381 25.2 43.5 19.7 59 01 38 15 7.9 93 49 221 7 21.4 31 W 45 Mzy 1.007.12 999.37 1,01508 297 35.5 252 41.2 21.5 70 86 51 22 94 10.7 70 1934 23 31 W 32 June 1,006.77 998 20 1,015 76 28 7 33.7 24 8 40.5 20 2 72 87 57 29 95 112 B.1 1566 22 9 31 W 33 July 1.006 93 998 74 1,014.25 28 4 33 3 24.4 39.7 20.2 72 87 56 31 9.5 10 8 82 167 3 22 5 34 W 55 August 1,00695 99876 1,01438 282 33.1 24.4 39.4 21.5 73 88 57 35 93 106 85 161 2 226 34 W 33 Seplember 1,008 04 998.50 1,015.03 27.8 32 8 24.0 37. 21.2 77 91 60 38 8.9 1.4 8 2 139.5 23.1 2 4 W 40 October 1,010.17 1,001.85 1,018.68 27.2 31.7 23.2 37.8 16.2 79 93 63 31 7.8 10 0 7 1 127 9 22 9 2 1 W 30 November 1.012 32 1,004.04 1,021.49 260 30.7 21.3 38.0 11.6 74 91 57 27 72 9.7 5 5 124 6 20.7 2 6 NE 31 December 1,013.57 1004.02 1,024.00 24.6 30.7 18.3 37.2 6.8 66 88 47 24 6 5 8 8 3 7 137.2 17.5 2 6 NE 30 Annual 1.009.51 1,024.38 998 20 27.9 33.7 22.8 43.5 5.8 68 87 50 11 77 95 6 0 160 9 21 0 28 55 Clirnatological Data for the Period 1961 - 1990 1 Knot . 1.852 kmJhour m Soujrce Meteoroiogy Department w m 0 -4 r~~~~ EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT - Dew-point Annual average 21 Celsius - VVind Speed Annual average 2.8 knots Maximum (in July) 55 knots (2) Rainfall The averages of annual rainfall for various stations in the project area were estimated to prepare an isohyetal (lines of equal rainfall) map. The prepared isohyetal map is shown in Figure 3.2-1. The average annual rainfall at Ban -Tong is about 1700 mm and gradually decreases towards Ratchaburi to about 1000 mm. The maximum annual rainfall was observed in the year 1961 at Kanchanaburi equal to 6771.8 mm. The maximum one day rainfall intensity was also observed in the year 1961 at Ratchaburi equal to 320.4 mm. A iobabhUityr ana!y-sis on hourly rainfall data at the station K22A (Ban Mae Nam Noi Sai Yok district) was carried out to determine the rain intensities for various return periods and time durations. The prepared intensityduration-frequency curve is presented in Figure 3.2-2 as well as in Table 3.2-1. The dry season rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency at the same station is demonstrated in Table 3.2-2 and Figure 3.2-3. The maximum one hour rainfall intensity of 25 years return period (which is about 98 mm) has been recommended for design of drainage system for construction around the project area. (3) Runoff The alignment of the proposed pipe line is crossing some tributaries of river Kwae Noi. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the discharge data of related rivers, and the summary of the results are as following: - The momentary peak discharge on Noi river at station K22A equals to 438.0 cu.m/second (observed on 3 July, 1982); - The monetary peak discharge of Huai Lin Tin river at station K38 equals to 71.0 cu.m/second (observed on 17 October, 1988); ENVlW4,97125/CHAP-3,0OC PAGE 3-15 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT MYANMA | THAILAND KHAOLAE DAM * .-,. 7- 220 - a " ' -l��~ -- , I 2100 -- - 100 \'," ,0'','. 200~~~~~~ -um 90 .,bo22.A AGA� !N N DAM , o ~~~KANCHAKABIIRI \ ~~~~SLIAN|PHUNGi/ \ C X S. I I~S. 17~~~~~~~ g ,8'0 ~~~~~~~GULf Of i ) , / ~~~~~~~~THAILAND ) LEGEND = PIPELINE K K K 22.A 32 17 = HYDROLOGICAL STATION = STORAGE DAM N = DISTRICT - ' A C = PROVANCE A CODE: 321.DWG FIGURE 3.2-1 MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL IN WESTERN PART OF THAILAND (mm) PERIOD 1952-1990 ENVIO0dURouAE .221 PAGE 3-16 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 1000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' 1000 -__ C____ 900 B00 RETURN PERIOD IN YE-ARS 700 600 - 500 10 - - - I 400 ............ 25 50 300 100 2C0 200 200 i00 100 E 90 90 s0 E / EtWltStSlGtt 8700 2-2 PAGE 70 60 6 50 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~50 40 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~40 C .30 30 - _ _ _ _ __ _ _20 a 8 7 7 6 6 4 4 3 -3 2 2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 12.0 24.0 Duration- hours (1966-1983)~~~~~~~~~~~AG 31 ENV1004IFIGU.RE 3.2-2PAE31 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.2-2 DRY SEASON RAINFALL INTENSITY - DURATION - FREQUENCY OF STATION K22.A HUAI MAE NAM NOI, A. SAI YOK Time Dry Season Rainfall Intensities - mm./hour Duration Frequencies - Yr. (hr.) 2 5 10 25 50 100 200 1/4 49.3 89.4 116.0 149.5 174.4 199.1 223.8 1/2 38.6 73.1 95.9 124.8 146.2 167.4 188.6 3/4 29.4 57.0 75.3 98.5 115.7 132.7 149.7 1 23.6 46.2 61.1 79.9 93.9 107.8 121.6 2 12.8 25.0 33.1 43.3 50.9 58.4 65.9 3 9.2 17.7 23.4 30.5 35.8 41.1 46.3 6 4.8 9.1 12.0 15.7 18.4 21.0 23.7 12 2.4 4.6 6.0 7.9 9.2 10.6 11.9 24 1.3 2.4 3.2 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 ENV0A,9712h/rAB32Y2J3S PAGE 3-18 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Intensity - Duration - Frequency Curve at K22.A (1966 - 1991) 1,000 - _ I I f , I I I fi-..----Tr= 2Yr5 !_I_I_I_!_1_1 11 1 1 i I i i i I i-. --- Tr= 5YrY l : | 1 1 1 1 1 1 < r F I T.I.I I I Tr= 10 Ym I ~~~~~~~~Tr = 25Yrs -7-4- Tr = ti Tll50 Yrs =t- -3ff fi1111 l~~~~~ -Tr r10 Ym 1 - A_ X l rIIr] '' ''2k T i 1, i1 i i r *. I~ ~ ~_____ - -1 1-... I I 0.1 1.0 D 10.0 100.0 Duration - houms CURVE AT K22.A (1966-1991) 19 Et4VIOORfiGURE 3.2-3 PAGE 3-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT - The momentary peak discharge of Lam Nam Chee river at station K17 equals to 1484.0 cu.m/second (observed on 13 October, 1985). (4) Soil Erosion Most of soil erosion causes by heavy rainfall. The falling rain drops detach the soil particles from its aggregation, and these detached soil particles are then washed away from the surface runoff water as suspended material to the streams / rivers. Afterward, some of them sink as bed load material. For this reason, one of the most popular soil erosion evaluation is calculated from method that measures suspended sediments in the discharge area, and estimates bed load material. The total sediment load is the summation of the measured suspended sediments and the estimated bed load material. Generally, approximately 30% of suspended sediment is used or bed load. There are many sediment measurement stations along the Mae Klong river in the project area. The measured sediment data of 18 gauging stations along the Mea Klong river were collected from Hydrological Division of Royal Irrigation Department, and Department of Energy Development and Promotion. These collected sediment data were analyzed to estimate soil erosion in the project area. The computed results of soil erosion are given in Table 3.2-3. The summary of these results are given below: - Average depth of soil erosion over the area is 0.240 mm/year; - Maximum depth of soil erosion over the area is 0.760 mm/year; - Minimum depth of soil erosion over the area is 0.056 mm/year. ENV100I47t2B/CHAP.3DOC PAGE 3-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.2-3 LIST OF SEDIMENT STATION, DRAINAGE AREA AND MEAN ANNUAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT OF MAE KLONG RIVER BASIN No. River Code D.A. M.A.S. Total Load Vol. Sed. Erosion (Sq. km.) (Tons) (Tons) (m u3) (mm.) 1 Kwae Noi 140703 5,680 3,900,000 5,070,000 4,333,333 0.760 2 Kwae Noi 140901 2,570 1,110.000 ,443,000 1,233,333 0.480 3 Nam Mae Run Ti 140902 308 37,100 48,230 41,222 0.134 4 Huai Wang Kiang 140903 67 4,490 5,837 4,989 0.075 5 Kwae Yai 020017 4,960 601,924 782,501 668,804 0.135 6 Kwae Yai 020018 5,644 912.795 1.186,634 1,014.217 0.180 7 Kwae Yai 020019 10,500 1,870,306 2,431,398 2,078,118 0.198 8 Kwae Yai 020022 11.353 1,759,922 2,287,899 1,955,469 0.172 9 Kwae Yai 020023 14,037 2,580,189 3,354,246 2,866,877 0.204 10 Kwae Yai 020025 6,512 1,588,392 2,04,910 1,764,880 0.271 11 Mae Klong K.4 26.441 3,824.823 4,972,270 4,249,803 0.161 12 K(wae Yai K.6 10,001 1,792,826 2,330,674 1,992,029 0.199 13 Mae Kbong K.8 26,421 6,922,030 8,998,639 7,691.144 0.291 14 Kwae Noi K.9 6,902 4,016,099 5,220,929 4,462,332 0.647 15 Kwae Noi K.10 7,008 789,477 1,026,320 877,197 0.125 16 Lam Pha Chi K.17 1,355 127.694 166,002 141.882 0.105 1i Kwae Yai K.20 11,184 1,330,360 1,729,468 1,478,178 0.132 18 Huai Samnak Mai Teng K.28 183 9,156 11,903 10,173 0.056 Mean 0.240 Note D.A. : Drainage Area Total Load 1.3 times of M.A.S. MAS. = Mean Annual Suspended Sediment Vol. Sed. Total Load /1.17 Erosion Vol. Sed. / D.A. Sources: Hydrology Division, Royal Irrigation Department. ENV1004A712rrA=23Y.xLS PAGE 3-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.3 WATER QUALITY 3.3. 1 IIILIuuuteiorl During the construction period of the natural gas pipeline, a series of activities will be involved namely, right-of :way. preparation, trenching, backfilling, crossing, etc. All of the listed activities will disturb the vegetations which cover along the pipeline route and effect the quality ot surface runoff, especially, for the suspended solids. Furthermore, the crossings may have the direct impact on concemed waterways in terms of bank erosion, stream bed disturbance, sediment, runoff, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the baseline data for water quality of the concemed waterway prior to the project implementation. This information will be the basis for impact assessment and further recommendations. 3.3.2 Study Methodology and Description of the Sampling Stations 3.3.2.1 Methodology At each sampling station, a water sample was collected by using 2 litre-water sampler bottles. All of water samples were collected at the middle of the waterway and at the mid-depth (3 m. below the surface) of the water column. The concemed water characteristics are shown in Table 3.3-1 and standard methods needed for examination of water and wastewater by AWWA-APHA-WECF (1992) was employed. ENVtOC*7t2&VWNoc PAGE 3-22 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT - TABLE 3.3-11 CONCERNED CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SAMPLES Characteristics Physical Characteristics Chemical Characteristics Biological Characteristics Depth - m Conductivity (pmhos/cm) Total Coliform Temperature (air, water) - C pH MPN/100 ml Dissolved Oxygen - mg/I Faecal Coliform Total Dissolved Solid - mg/A MPN/100 mg Suspended Solid - mg/l Hardness - mgA Oil and Grease - mg/A BOD - m3-2 ENVlX04,19126tCKAP-3.D0C PAGE 3-23 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.3.2.2 Description of Sampling Stations The field survey for water quality was undertaken in June, 1995. The sampling stations vvere also desigrlated aiong the naturai gas pipeline route as shown in Figure 3.3-1. Brief description of each sampling station is as follows: Station 1 : Kwae Noi river Location : Ban Dao Wa Dung (482913E, 1600575N) Land Use : Agricultural area (cotton) Water Usage : Agricultural purpose Station 2 : Kwae Noi river Location : Ban Pu Ong Ka (502075E, 1575741N) Land Use : Agricultural area (sugar cane) Water Usage : Domestic consumption and agricultural purposes. Station 3 : Huai Lum Pha Shi Location : Near Tha Phu's bridge (541082E, 1531516N) Land Use : Residential and agricultural areas. Water Usage : Domestic consumption and agricultural purposes. Station 4 : Mae Klong river Location : Wat Tha Klong (588407E, 1499061 N) Land Use : Residential area Water Usage : Domestic consumption ENVW100712CP.3DOC PAGE 3-24 Z '0005j � ' 0900D, > 0011 0! 0 001 45' 0d 00 005 001' O m _ GNC;4 '; tC K~~~~~~NGRDENG kRA..' > I O C*' / ruA .. DAU ' _ 3 '<A tHoNG PUA { HuS t | ' CRAP9C SCAa ' ' >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GAPNC CAL \ . t , S ' , t ^ 6 s Ns0010 140(4 k Ro ,,,,o 1.\- 0> \ \:M; f t . J\ | m KSAk IN DAM m I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i i%E^ v M YAN M AR 90 PHL . ,mt2X. <H_. ttrCtNo~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~144 ,1001 ' - lOil-ottH A Xt \ . .1 ______ YA1IJRAL C15 PlPtUNt 9 ir ,* x tHA tH UNG N A OLNJA 0 / -{ AnrJNAl UICUWAY ' S8A NC>. \ i :AIIG ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~I I`PROU.C-AL U.CUtAwS ' \ SAI Y K ) > tjA! PHANOM THL A i ALL 009 EA "Ei ROADS C *A STIWAE NOIR9 ATS BAN DNAO WONGI> /Hr} A. SANG I AHAEN1 R S3HAILtA PAY SHI% tAN HPH! !\. .IYI/. .. . YANMAR 4.f I I /x BA Z o .A CANAL 00 / )~~~~~~A ;Ali SD" tA K t T A.Z L(TN / . ! __. ' I m CGOt: AI.GD,C 0 OAT 0 AUP.Ot O N Ol * OTILOC!~ ~~ l:KAMTA ANP * ST I KWAE NOI RIARO AT 'BAN DAO WASUNG * ST 2 KWAE NOI RIAtR AT!BNKAOR BTO IST 3 . -UAI LAM PMTA SHI / BAN llA PHU T _ � *:St A MAE (LONG RIAtR Al! WAT lHAH BAN ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~IRASLUBT - m CODE: 2122OWG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CO:ZSS00 -a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r * FI.GURE 3.3-1 THE WATER QUALITY IAQUATIC ECOLOGY SAMPLING STATION EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.3.3 Results of the Study (1) Kwae Noi River (2 stations) The water samples collected at both stations, Ban Dao Wa Dung and Ban Pu Onq Ka. are similar in tprms of quality (Photo 3.3-1). Concvtra--ons of suspend,ed solids (SS) were relatively high at both stations (47 and 9 6 mg/A) due to surface runoff from agricultural area. Levels of pH were on the alkaline side which may be due to the effect of limestone mountain ranges in the Kwae Noi watershed area. The collected water could be categorized as soft water with hardness of 60-90 mg/A CaC03. Quantities of dissolved oxygen were at the acceptable level of 4.0 and 5.4 mg/l. The BOD levels were relatively low with 0.50 and 0.65 mg/l. However, the trace of contamination from nearby communities was found in terms of Fecal Coliform Bacterial and oil/grease. Kwae Noi's water quality was categorized as class 3 of surface water classification which is suitable for agricultural purpose and can be used for domestic consumption after treatments. (2) Huai Lum Pha Shi Huai Lum Pha Shi is a tributary of Kwae Noi river (Photo 3.3-2). The water sample of this site was turbid with very high SS of 610 mg/l. For the other characteristics: the hardness in term of CaCO3 is 76 mg/A which is classified as soft water; pH was on alkaline property; and dissolved oxygen was at acceptable level, 5.0 mg/l. However, because this sampling station is close to a community, Ban Tha Phu, BOD level was relatively high with 1.55 mg/I, and oiVgrease and fecal coliform were also detected at 1.4 mg/A and 49 MPN/100 ml, respectively. Huai Lum Pha Shi can be categorized as surface water in class 3. (3) Mae Klong River Mae Klong river at the sampling station near Wat Tha Klong is approximately 200 m wide with local settlements along both sides of the river (Photo 3.3-2). Mae Klong river water was turbid with SS leve' of 22 mg/I. Waater was classified as soft water (hardness of 98 mg/I as CaCO3). Dissolved oxygen was at acceptable level for aquatic life ENV100497I25SEGS31DOC PAGE 3-26 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 7-E ST.1 KWAE NOI RIVER (BAN DAO WA DUNG) __~~~~-' ___ . ST.2 KWAE NOI RIVER (BAN PHU ONG KA) PHOTO 3.3-1 THE CONDITION OF WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC ECOLOGY SAMPLING STATION 1 AND 2 ENV1004/97125/BEC.333.DOC PAGE 3-27 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT , ?, � 8 ........... .o - - -....... .. --\'*i^ '* .s : *= -~~~~~~~~~ -. ;v .4 ^ ~ W , i -<il tkt ST.3 HUAI LUM PHA SHI (BAN THA PHU) ST.4 MAE KLONG RIVER (IN FRONT OF WAT THA KHLONG) PHOTO 3.3-2 : THE CONDITION OF WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC ECOLOGY SAMPLING STATION 3 AND 4 ENV1004/97125/SEC-333.DOC PAGE 3-28 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (4.2 mgA). Due to the relatively densed communities along the river, the contaminations in form of fecal coliform and oiVgrease were clearly detected. Mae Klong river can be classified as surface water in class 3 with suitable for agricultural purpose and domestic consumption after treatments. The results of water quality in four sampling stations are shown in Table 3.3- 2 and the surface water qualities classified by Office of National Environmental Board (ONEB) standard are shown in Table 3.3-3. 3.4 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 3.4.1 Introduction Since several streams and rivers will be crossed by gas transmission pipeline, disturbance of aquatic ecological systems in vicinity of the crossings will be observed, especially, for benthic community. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the existing status of the representative aquatic ecological systems around the areas. These observed data were utilized as the basis for the impact assessment and recommendations. 3.4.2 Methodology There were 4 designated sampling stations for aquatic ecological study as shown in Figure 3.3-1. The sampling stations were located at Kwae Noi river (2 stations), Huai Lam Pha Shi, and Mae Klong river. For each sampling station, plankton and benthic were collected as following detail. 3.4.2.1 Plankton Sample Collection The plankton nets of 70 micron mesh size were used to collect phytoplankton and zooplankton by filtering 20 litres of water through the net. The collected samples were preserved in 7% formalin solution and brought back to the Biological Laboratory at Kasetsart University for further identification and their abundance estimation. ENV1004197125SEC*333.DOC PAGE 3-29 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.3-2 WATER QUALITY ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE, JUNE 8-11, 1995 Parameter Station ST.1 ST.2 ST.3 ST.4 Khwae Noi River Khwae Noi River Huai Lum Pha Shi Mae Kiong River at Ban Dao Wa Dung at Ban Pu Ong Ka at Ban Tha Phu at Wat Tha Kiong 1. Depth (m) 7 9 3 8 2. Temperature, C Air 30 28 27 30 Water 27 28 25 27 3. pH 8.2 8.1 8.0 8.0 4. Dissolved Oxygen /mg/A) 4 5.4 5.0 4.2 5. Conductivity Jumhosicm.) 180 150 100 90 6. BOD (mg/i) 0.65 0.50 1.55 0.55 7. Total Dissolved Solid tppm) 80 60 90 80 8. Suspended Solid 1mgAI) 47 96 610 22 9. Hardness ImgAI as CaCO3) 60 90 76 98 10. Oil and Grease rmgfl) 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.81 11. Total Coliform MPNfIOO ml 350 280 920 1600 12. Fecal Colilorm MPIU100 ml 110 79 49 920 ENVI0Jo07I2alrrA833-2.XLS PAGE 3-30 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.3-3 SUfRFACE WATER QUALITY BY ONEB; CLASSiFiCATiuN AND uBjECTiVES Parameter Units Standard Values for Class"' 1 2 3 4 5 1. Temperature IC n' n n n' 2. pH value n 5-9 5-9 5-9 3. Dissolved oxygen mg/l n 6 4 2 4. BOD 15 days, 20 CC mg/A - 1.5 2.0 4.0 5. Coliform Bacteria - Total Coliform MPN/100 ml - 5,000 20,000 - Fecal Coliform - 1,000 4,000 6. NO, -N mg/l n 5 7. NH3 -N . n 0.5 B. Phenols . n 0.005 9. Cu n 0.1 10. Ni . n 0.1 11. Mn n 1.0 12. Zn n 1.0 13. Cd n 0.005, 0.050 14. Cr (Hexavaient) . n 0.05 15. Pb n 0.05 16. Hg (total) n 0.002 17. As n 0.01 18. CN n 0.005 19. Radioactivity - Gross a Becquerelil 0.01 - Gross 0 n 1.0 20. Pesticides (Total) mg/ n 0.05 -DDT ug/ n 1.0 -BHC n 0.02 - Dieldrin n 0.1 - Aldrin n 0.1 - Heptachlor & n 0.1 Heptachlor epoxide - Endrin n none Note: P = Percentile value n = Natural n' = Natural but changing not more than 3 C = When water hardness not more than 100 mg/i as CaCO3 = When water hardness more than 100 mg/i as CaCO3 *-- = Water Classification ENVI 04197126rtAB33-3.XLS PAGE 3-31 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.4.2.2 Benthic Sample Collection An Ekman Dredge was used to collect benthos samples and three sediment grabs were collected at each site. For each sediment grab, quick observation on the bedlment texture and composition (sand, gravei, debris, mud, ctay, etc.) was made. Then, the sediment was sorted through a series of wire sieves to separate benthic organisms. The benthos samples were preserved in 7% formalin solution for further identification in the laboratory. 3.4.3 Results of the Study 3.4.3.1 Plankton Organisms From analysis of plankton samples collected from all of four sampling stations on June 8-11, 1995, the result indicated low plankton diversity and low density due mainly to fast flowing water in these waterways. As shown in Table 3.4-1, the total 18 genera of plankton comprising with 18 species were identified. This table also indicates that zooplankton found at all sample station were very poor both in diversity and density. There were only total 6 species, and only 3 species in Phylum Arthropoda, Basmina longirrstris, Calanoid copepod, and Copepod nauplii. The total zooplankton density in each sample station ranges only 2,000-7,000 cells/cu.m. Phytoplankton which regularly found at all stations were a green algae, Pediastrum simplex, and a diatom Denticula sp. The dominant species was Anabaena sp. with density of 150,000 cells/cu.m. at station 3 (Huai Lam Pha Shi). High percentage of phytoplankton compared with those of zooplankton was found at all sampling stations with the range of 90.40-98.50% of phytoplankton and 1.50-3.60% of zooplankton. ENVtO0409112WSEC33.D0C PAGE 3-32 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.4-1 SPECIES COMPOSITON AND AIUNDANCEq OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS AT FOUR SAMPLING STATIONS ALONG THE GAS PIPEUNE ROUTE, JUNE 8-11. 1995 Unit: ind. per cu.m. Organisms Station ST,1 Kwas Noi ST.2 Kwee Noi ST_3 Huai Lum ST.4 Fa e Klong River at Ban River at Ban Pha Shi at River at Wat Kheng Re Soft Phu Ong Ka Ban Thaphu The Klong PHYTOPLANKTON Phylum Cyanophvta /Bu- green algae) Anabaena sp. 150,000 20.000 Mernsmopedia tenuissima Lem. 60.r00 Phylum Chlorophyta (Green algae) Oedogonium sp 20 000 4,00D Pediastrum simplex /Meyen) Lemm 65 000 46W00 32.00 18.000 Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatom) Denticula sp 40,000 25.0O0 2.000 32,000 Diatoma elongarum Agardh 3000 2. 000- 2.500 Eunotia sp. - 2.000 Nitzschea paina (Kuetring) WSmrth 2.000 Rhrzosolenia longiseta Zach . 10.000 Surtrelta renera Gregory 1.000 2.500 Synedra ulna Ehrenberg 20.000 5,000 Phylum Chrysophyta (Yellow-green agae) DLnobryon sefulabra Ehrenberg 24. OD Subtotal Phytoplarnton 131000 107.000 215.000 135.000 ZOOPLANKTON Phylum Protozoa (Protozoan) Centropyxis ecormsa (Ehr) Leady 2D000 Ddflug,a tucerculara Wallich - 1.000 Phylum Rotlera (Rgffer) KerateAa tropeca Apstein 7 C00 2.000 - - Phylum Arthropoda (ArthropoJ) Bosmina onigrostns (O.F.Muller) 2000 1.000 Calanord copepod 1.0D0 2 000 1.000 CopePod naupiih, 2.000 2.000 Subtotal Zooplankion 2 000 400D 7,000 4.000 GRAND TOTAL 133000 11700W 2220D0 139.000 PERCENTAGE OF PHYTOPLANKTON 9850 9640 9685 9712 PERCENTAGE OF ZOOPLANKTON 1t50 3 60 3 15 288 ENVl004l97l2e2tA&a3-1.XtLS PAGE 3-33 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.4.3.2 Benthic Organisms Identification of benthos samples collected from four sampling stations on June 8-11, 1995 was shown in Table 3.4-2. The data showed low both in density and in diversity of benThic organism in the studied area. The density in each station was in range of 44-132 individuals/sq.m. with average of 104.5 individual/sq.m. For diversity, only five Families of Phylum Arthodopa were found, and all of them are in class Insecta with larvae form. Insect lavae in Family Ephemeroptera, Caenidae, and Canaceidae were found at station 1 and 2, 2 and 4, and 2 and 3, respectively, while insect lavae in Family Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae were found only at station 2, and 4, respectively. 3.5 SOIL 3.5.1 Introduction Soil study and observation were conducted along the transmission gas pipeline beginning from EGAT Power Plant in Ratchaburi province to Ban ITong in Kanchanaburi province. The studied area covered 100 meters strip along the entried route of the pipeline which will recive the direct impacts from project development. 3.5.2 Study Methodology The study on soil characteristics carried out as the following steps. (1) Data Collection All relevant data on soils around the project area are collected from: - Soil maps of Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces prepared by Land Development Department, - Soil survey reports of Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces prepared by Land Development Department., ENV104d7125MEC-333.OC PAGE 3-34 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.4-2 ABUNDANCE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AT FOUR SAMPLING STATIONS ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE, JUNE 8-11, 1995 Unit: ind. per sq.m. Organisms Sution ST.1 Kwae Nol ST.2 Kwae Noi ST.3 Huai Lum ST.4 Mae Kiong River at Ban River at Ban Pha Shi at River at Wat Khaeng Ra Boet Phu Ong Ka Ban Tha Phu Tha Kiong Phylum Arthopoda Class lnsecta (larvae) Order Ephemeroptera Family Ephemeroptera 132 44 . Famiiy Baetidae . . Family Caenidae 22 22 Order Coleoptera Family Hydrophilidae 22 Family Dytiscidae . . 22 Order Diptera (midges) Family Canaceidae 22 132 TOTAL DENSITY 132 110 132 44 PAGE 3-35 5NvIroOd87126rrAB34.2.XLs EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT - Pandiromatic aerial photograph by Royal Thai Survey Department at the scale of 1:50,000, and - Rainfall data from Meteorological Department. !2! Field WAIn-k By using soil maps as references, the survey teams checked the characteristics of each soil series along the route by augering at depth of 1.50-2.00 metres. The soil texture, pH, color, and structures were recorded from the field observation. (3) Office Work Based on the information obtained from the field surveys, soil maps were prepared and estimated soil loss was calculated by the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). 3.5.3 Results of the Study 3.5.3.1 Morphological Features and Soil Series From the soil survey, soil series on seven different landforms were found along the transmission pipeline as follows: (1) Soil on Former Tidal Flat The soil type found in this area is originated from brackish alluvial deposit. The area is mostly flat, and flooded in rainy season. The soil characteristics are deep, clayey texture, and poorly drained. The soil series is classified as Bang Len. (2) Soils on Floodplain and Levee Soils are generally formed by alluvial deposit. This area is nearly flat and flooded in rainy season. The soil characteristics are deep in profile, and clayey texture. Soil series found on this area are classified as Ratchaburi, Bang Pa In, and Tha Muang. (3) Soils on Semi-recent Terrace Soils are mainly formed by semi-recent alluvium. The area is nearly flat and always flooded in rainy season. Most of the soils are deep in profiles, and having the clay loam to silt loam textures. Soil series observed on this area are Deum Bang, and Chainat. ENV1007t712SMEC-3.DOC PAGE 3-36 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (4) Soils on Low Terrace Soils are derived from old alluvium. This area is neary flat, and slope ranges from 0-2%. The soils are generally deep in profile. Their textures range from clayey to sandy loam. Soil series found on this area are Pak Tho, and Nakhon Phanom. (5) Soils on Middle to High Terrace Soils are formed by old alluvium. The area is undulating, and slope ranges from 2-15%. The soils are deep in profile, and well drained in nature. Their textures range from clay loam to sandy. Soils series found on this area are Soong Noen, Khorat, Namphong, Phone Phisai, Si Khiu, and Mae Rim. (6) Soils on Dissected Erosion Surface and Foot Hill Soils on this area are formed by colluvium and residium influences. The area is undulating to rolling with slope ranges from 2-25%. The soil textures are clay loam to clay. Soil series observed mostly are Takhli, Takhli brown, Pak Chong, Hin Son, Thap Kwang, Wang Chomphu, Tha Yang, and Lard Ya. (7) Soil on Hilly Area Soil is mainly derived from residium. Most of the areas are hilly in landscape. The soil profile is relatively shallow. Soil series found on this area is slope complex. The details of each soil series are shown in Appendix B Figure B-1 and Table B-1. 3.5.3.2 Soil Preperties Soil survey team checked the different soil series by augering at a depth of 1.50- 2.00 meters. A typical soil profile of each soil series was examined and some other characteristics were recorded. Surface soil (0-30 cm) and sub-soil (30-60 cm) samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for routine analysis. The main characteristics observed in the field were soil structure, soil permeability and soil drainage. Soil texture and pH were analyzed in the laboratory (The details of soil properties in the pipeline route are shown in Appendix B Table B-1). ENVtAOOJl47125,5EC.333.DWC PAGE 3-37 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 3.5.3.3 Soil Erosion The estimations of soil lossed erosion along the gas transmission line were undertaken for 3 scenarios i.e., without the project, with the project but no measures, and witn project with measures. The amount of soil losses was calculated by the Universal Soil Loss equation as: A = RKLSCP where A = The average soil losses (Tlha/year) R = Rainfall erosion index (Metrict Ton/ha/year) K = Soil erodibility factor L = Slope length factor (m) S = Slope steepness factor C = Cropping management factor P = Erosion control practice Since there were 46 soil series occurred along the pipeline route, the area of each soil series in 20 meters strips on both side of the alignment was measured (data as shown in Appendix B Table B-2). The value of each factor that affect the soil loss equation is depended on soil properties, slopes and cultivation practices. Then the amount of soil loss (tons/rai/year) was also calculated as Appendix B, and Table B-3 was finally reported in Appendix B Table B-4. The results in Appendix B Table B-4 have shown the amount of top soil of each series is eroded in each year. The comparison of soil erosion in the above three scenarios revealed that the amount of soil erosion with the project and no mitigation measures is very high, especially, for Slope Complex (2,031 tons/rai/year). In case of project with mitigation measures, the amount of soil losses is only 20 tons/rai/year which is a little higher than that when without the project (16 tons/rai/year). Comparing with the other soil series, in case of with project implementation and mitigation measure, the amount of soil loss is lower than that when without the project and far below with project and no mitigation measures. These results indicated that mitigation measures are necessary for the area where soil surfaces are disturbed. Carefully in land planning and strictly mitigation measures ENV1OD725jSEC-333.OC PAGE 3-38 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT must be used in high slope area (more than 35%) such as Slope Complex. This soil serie is located in watershed class 1 A and 1 B which found mostly in Kanchanaburi province. Hence, proper measures during construction and operation must be applied for reducing the soil lossed by erosion. 3.6 FORESTRY The natural forest is a valuable resource that should be utilized in sustainable basis and protected stringently for future generations. Human benefits in innumerable services are obtained from the forest. The direct benefits are sources of food, shelters, and medicines, and the indirect benefits are for maintaining regular rainfall and for providing pleasant atmosphere for life qualities. 3.6.1 Objectives T ne objectives of this stuudy are - to survey the existing conditions of forests and ground-covering vegetation along the pipeline routes, concentrating in the 100 m strip along both sides of the alignment, - to assess the likely-to-occurred impacts arising from the project development on the natural forests and ground vegetation, and - to propose the mitigation measures for such undesirable impacts and their monitoring measures. 3.6.2 Scopes of Study This study dealt with the existing forest types in term of general conditions, dominant tree species and other observed trees, analysis of the average densities of trees, saplings, seedlings, and bamboos, average volume and net volume of timber, and timber values that subjected to be extracted by the project development. All details were studied within the 100 m strip along both sides of the pipeline. Understanding of these details, they were used to determinate future mitigation and monitoring measures. ENV1004Sr126,SEC-=.3DC PAGE 3-39 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.6.3 Methodology 3.6.3.1 Detailed Study (11 A.l of secondary data involvingV the forcst resources in the study area arid in the neighbouring areas were accumulated, for instance, the various reports of the Royal Forest Department. Those data were used as baseline information for future studies, and analyzed for assessing the impacts occurred from the project implement. (2) Surveying both in the vicinity area and in the study area for topographical conditions, the forest types, and the concised land use patterns were incorporated. The topographic maps, scale 1:50,000 was used as aids for surveying and for determining amounts of the sampling plots. (3) The sampling method for this study is stratified line plot system. The practical process is setting the sampling plots along the whole length of the pipeline and in the area of 100 m on both sides of alignment, so the plots were distributed randomly by land use types, forest types, altitudes, and topographic condition. 3.6.3.2 Sampling Plot Sizes In both the preliminary and the detailed studies, three sizes of temporary sampling plots were used, with the following purposes: 2 (1) The circular sampling plots of 17.85 m radius (area of 1,000 m or 0.1 hectare) were used for collecting the data on trees of diameter over 10 cm at breast height. 2 (2) The square plots of 5x5 m were used for studclying the samplings which were those small trees higher than 1.30 m and having the diameter at breast height less than 10 cm. (3) The square plots of 2x2 m were used for studying the seedlings which comprising those lower than 1.30 m in height. ENV1O04A712515EC-363.OC PAGE 3-40 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 3.6.3.3 Data Collection (1) The Circular Sampling Plots The objective of study for these sampling plots is to determine the ecological characteristics of trees along the alignment. The collected data were exisitng tree species, their total and commercial heights, their timber quality (TQ), and numbers of log timber (5 m each). For timber quality, there are 3 classes as follows: - First quality. The timbers whose diameters are 30 cm or over, are further divided into: * Quality class 1.1 - those of unbranched boles, suitable for all wood handling processes, with relatively little leftovers. * Quality class 1.2 - those of less unbranched boles, but can still be processes economically with relatively high leftovers. a Quality class 1.3 - those unsuitable for wood-handling processes, because of their deformed conditions, whether instead hollowed or naturally destroyed, only suitable for fuelwood or making charcoal. - Second quality. The timbers whose diameters vary between 10-30 cm are classified as unbranched condition, or usable as round poles. - Third quality. The timbers whose diameters only larger than 10 cm are in deformed condition (i.e. twisted, hollowed or badly damaged), unusable for round poles or being processed. Generally, they are suitable for fuelwood or making charcoal. In addition, the observed bamboo clumps in the plots, which are economic forest plants essential for the livings of rural people, were also studied. The species, number of clumps, number of poles per clump, and the average of pole diameters were recorded. (2) The temporary square plot of 5x5 m Each plot was placed at the centre of each circular plot. The objective of study for these plots is to determine the saplings along the alignment. The species, ENV1OO419712I5SEC-363MDOC PAGE 3-41 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT numbers, and average height of saplings were noted. Those obtained data were used for the calculation of the sapling density, for the status assessment of the forest ecology, and for the expectation of species and density of saplings, as well as for the expectation of the future niaturai succession to become tree communities. 2~~~~~~~~ (3) The temporary square plot of 2x2 m Each plot was overlaidly placed at the centre of each 5x5 m square plot; the species and numbers of seedlings, including the undergrowth, were recorded. Then, the obtained data were used for the analysis of the seedling density, including for the assessment of the potential of the natural succession that becoming the future sapling community. 3.6.4 Results of the Study 3.6.4.1 Literature Review The laborious and time-consuming tasks in compilation of available secondary data concerning the forest and protected areas of Kanchanaburi province were primarily taken from the relevant govemmental agencies, the Royal Forest Department. The Province's general forest conditions of the years B.E. 2525-2536 (1982-1993), and protected areas have been provided with the following details: (1) Forest Areas Kanchanaburi has the total area of 12,176,967.5 rais, of which 5,014,375 rais are the reserved forest areas. The remaining forest area (as existing in B.E. 2536) is 6,713,750 rais or equal to 55.14% of the total provincial area, while the regional forest area, the combination of central and westem regions, is only 24.30%, and the total country's figure is only 26.02% (Table 3.6-1). It is evident that Kanchanaburi province still harbours the large remaining ly orest area. in addition, this province is ranked as the fourth of the country in possessing the forest areas proportion, less than Chiang Mai (71.72%), Mae Hong Son (71.37%) and Lampang (64.67%). ENV1004712BSEC-363.DOC PAGE 3-42 M TABLE 3.6-1 m COMPARISONS OF KANCHANABURI'S FOREST AREAS WITH THOSE OF COMBINED z CENTRAL AND WESTERN REGION, AND OF THAILAND (B.E. 2525 - 2536) z 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kanchanaburi's Forest Combined Regional Forest Country's Forest Areas B.E. Areas Areas Remarks m Rai Ral FRai m . 0 _________ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C- 2525 7,760,625 63.73 11,572,500 27.47 97,875,000 30.52 1. Kanchanaburi has the total 2528 7,226,250 59.34 11,053,125 26.24 94,291,250 29.40 areas of 12,176,967.5 rais. 2531 7,021,250 57.66 10,777,500 25.59 89,876,875 28.03 2. Declared reserved forest areais 2532 7,011,250 57.58 10,764,375 25.55 89,635,625 27.95 as 5,014,375 rais. 2534 6,769,375 55.59 10,385,000 24.64 85,436,250 26.64 2536 6,713,750 55.14 10,234,375 24.30 83,450,625 26.02 Decreasing rate of forest areas (railyear) 81,041.67 121,647.73 1,311,306.82 .z > m . * Source Royal Forest Department, B.E. 2536. o EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT During the previous 11 years observation (B.E. 2525-2536), the decreasing rate of the forest area of Kanchanaburi Province was averagely 81,041.67 raisNyear; while the decreasing rate of the central and westem region together was averagely 121,647.73 rais/year, and of the country was averagely 1,311,306.82 rais/year. The province decreasing rate of the forest area is comparatively high, when compared to other provinces in the central and western regions. Hence, it is one of the province with a high rate of decreasing forest area. Phetchaburi province is classified as the second rank with the decreasing rate of 17,556.82 rais/year. From the above-mentioned data, Kanchanaburi is one of the province still holding considerable amounts of forest area. The needs for protection and forest conservation in this particular province are rather urgent for actual implement, in order to avoid any encroachments of the remaining forest areas. Hence, this natural resource will benefit all the succeeding generations of Thai people as well as our country. (2) Protected Areas As Kanchanaburi province is in the fourth rank of the highest forest areas of the country, and in the first rank of the region, the Royal Forest Department, in recognition of this outstanding importance, has already established a network of agencies for protecting and conserving the forest resources in this province. This network includes four national parks and one proposed national park, i.e., Erawan National Park with the areas of 343,750 rais, Chalerm Rattanakosin National Park with the areas of 36,875 rais, Sai Yok National Park with the areas of 312,500 rais, Khao Laem National Park with the areas of 935,625 rais, and Thong Pha Phum proposed National Park. As a part of the protection and conservation network, the Royal Forest Department has also established two wildlife sanctuaries, Salak Phra and Thung Yai, as vital habitats for important and rare wild animal species. Salak Phra is the country's first wildlife sanctuary having the total areas of 536,594 rais, and Thung Yai is declared as a World Heritige site by UNESCO, having the total areas of 2,279,500 rais. Both of them are encompassing the forest areas both in Kanchanaburi and in Tak provinces. ENV100"97125A5EC-363DOC PAGE 3-44 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT Other protected areas established by the Royal Forest Department are two non-hunting areas, Tham Lawa - Tham Dao Wa Dung and Bung Kreng Kawia non-hunting areas. Tham Lawo-Tham Dao Wa Dung non-hunting area covers 25,937 rais in total areas, and has already incorporated into Sai Yok National Park. Bung Kreng Kawia non-hunting covers 320,00 rais, and presently has already incorporated into Khao Laem National Park. Details of protected areas in Kanchanaburi province are also shown in Table 3.6-2. The above-mentioned data strongly reflect that the Royal Forest Department has recognized the prime importance of the remaining forest areas in Kanchanaburi province as national resources and essential habitats for diverse species of wildlife. Unfortunately, the present forest encroachments still can not be controlled efficiently enough to save our national heritages. 3.6.4.2 Field Survey Results (1) Natural forests Along the entire length of the pipeline route, there are good stands of natural forest only when it passes through the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park area, between the grid coordinates 44100 E - 1617500 N and 450000 E - 1613500 N (Appendix C Table C-1). The vegetation type in this region is the remaining patches of the dry evergreen forest surrounded by encroached areas which has been abandoned. These encroached areas are now covered with dense clumps of dwarf bamboo - Phai hiae (Cephalostachyum virgatum Kurz). The patches of dry evergreen forest has an average crown cover of 80% of the patches' area, with dense growth of intermixed saplings and trees. Some parts, especially around the hill bases with shallow soil surface, are gradually invaded by deciduous tree species, Phai saang (Dendrocalamus strictus Nees). ENV1OU4i712SSEC-363DQC PAGE 3-45 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.6-2 PROTECTED AREAS OF KANCHANABURI f~ f I Projected Area Area Encompassed Date of Declaration in (Rai) Province Government Gazetteer 1. National Parks 1) Erawan 343,750 Kanchanaburi 19 Jun. 1975 2) Chalerm Rattanakosin 36,875 Kanchanaburi 12 Feb. 1980 3) Sai Yok 312,500 Kanchanaburi 27 Oct. 1980 4) Khao Laem 935,625 Kanchanaburi 8 Nov. 1991 5) Thong Pha Phum Kanchanaburi under preparation 2. Wildlife Sanctuaries 1) Salak Phra 536,594 Kanchanaburi 31 Dec. 1965 2) Thung Yai Naresuan 2,279,500 Kanchanaburi, Tak 1 Jan. 1979 3. Non-hunting Areas 1) Tham Lawa - Tham Dao Wa Dung * 25,937 Kanchanaburi 8 Jun. 1976 2) Bung Gerng Grawia and 320,000 Kanchanaburi 1 Jan. 1979 Nong Nam Sab*_ Remarks Presently incorporated into Sai Yok National Park. ** Presently incorporated into Khao Laem National Park. Source: (1) Royal Forest Department (a). (2) Royal Forest Department (b). PAGE 3-46 ENV100W71WT534/TA92-X)S EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT The dominant tree species of the dry evergreen forest are Mang taan (Schima wallichii Korth.), Pho baai (Sapium baccatum Roxb.) and Lamyai paa (Paranephelium longifoliolatum Lec.). Besides the trees, at least 7 bamboo species also present along the pipeline route, such as Phai bong (Bambusa natans Wall.), Phai saang (Dendrocalamus strictus Nees), Phai hok (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees), Phai phaak man (Gigantochloa hasskarliana Back. ex K. Heyne), etc. The forest canopy is divided into three storeys, upper, middle, and lower storeys. The upper storey is higher than 20 m, constituted by tree species, such as Sattaban (Alstonia scholaris R. Br.), Yaang daeng (Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn, f.), Po ee keng (Pterocymbium javanicum R. Br.), Kanaan pling (Pterospermum acerifolium Willd.), Kho laen (Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz), etc. Furthermore, at about the grid coordinate 446700 E - 1612700 N, a dense stand of Yaang naa (Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb.) was observed. The middle storey is 10-20 m high, in which the smaller size of trees of the upper layer species were found growing together with the following tree species, Ma taat (Dillenia indica Linn.), Pho baai (Sapium baccatum Roxb.), Krabao yai (Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre), Waa (Eugenia sp.) Lueat raet (Knema globularia Warb.), Langsaat (Aglaia domestica Pelleg.), Tabaek (Lagerstroemia sp.), Kaasae (Millettia atropurpurea Benth.), Haat (Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.), etc. The lower storey, 3-10 m high, forms a continuous canopy comprising the saplings of the upper two storeys and other small trees species or shrubs, dominating ones among them are Chik suan (Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.), Kraphee khruea (Dalbergia foliacea Wall.), Kraphee khao khwaai (Millettia leucantha Kurz), Lot (Symplocos ferruginea Roxb.), Hatsakhun (Micromelum minutum Wlght & Arn.), Phekaa (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Haen naa (Terminalia glaucifolia Craib), and So (Gmelina arborea Roxb.). Besides those three storeys, the ground vegetation is a scattered shrubs growing among carpets of herbaceous plants, the outstanding ones are Khem paa (Pavetta wallichiana Steud.), Phak naam chaang (Pseudobrassaiopsis polyacantha Bannerjee), and Khaa ling (Alpinia conchigera Griff.). ENVI004m7125/SEC-363.DOC PAGE 3-47 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (2) Forest plantations The forest plantations passed through by the pipeline route are mostly the Thong Pha Phum Forest Plantation, which is belonged to the Forest Industry Organization. This pnantation has kben eessi-ezy plantad in plots from ir�c1O with UdifferLtree species. Details of the planting are as follows-- In 1985, 2 tree species were planted, Lian (Melia azedarach Linn.) and 2 rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). The former was planted in 3x3 m spacing. The average DBH height is 17.0 cm and the average tree height is 14 m. The latter was planted in 3x8 m spacing. The average DBH height is 19.2 cm and the average tree height is 19 m. In 1986, 2 tree species were planted, rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) and eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.). The former was planted in 3x6 2 m spacing the average DBH height is 19.1 cm and the average tree height is 19 m. While the latter was planted in 4x2 m spacing, the average DBH height is 14.6 cm and the average tree height is 12 m 2 In 1987, no plots along the pipeline route was planted. 2 In 1988, only teak tree (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) was planted in 4x4 m spacing, the average DBH height is 13.0 cm and the average tree height is 7 m. 3.6.4.3 Tree Densities and Wood volumes (1) Natural forests The natural dry evergreen forest along the pipeline route has the average tree density of 88 trees/ha, the average sapling density of 1,974 saplings/ha, and the average seedling density of 11,210 seedlings/ha, (Table 3.6-3 and Appendix C Table C-2 to 3 C4), and the average wood volume of 81.263 m /ha. The wood volume can be devided by the log wood quality to be 3 classes. For the 1st class, average DBH values is 30 cm or 3 more with straight and branchiess trunks, and volume is 69.289 m /ha. For the 2nd class, average DBH values is between 10-30 cm with straight and branchless trunks and volume EN1ItD4712I5EC-363OC PAGE 3-48 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 3 is 2.208 m /ha. Lastly, for the 3rd class, DBH values is 10 cm or less with twisted trunks which is good only f or fuel wood, and volume is 9.766 m /ha (Appendix C Table C-5). TABLE 3.6-3 DENSITY OF VEGETATIONS ALONG PIPELINE ROUTE Type Density (Individuals/Ha) 1. Trees 88 2. Sapling 1,974 3. Seedling 11,210 Apart from the tree species, there are at least 7 bamboo species with the average density of 513 poles/ha (Appendix C Table C-6). (2) Forest plantations (a) 1985 - planted plantations - Lian (Melia azedarach): the average density is 1,110 trees/ha (the planting space 3x3 m) and the average wood volume is 91.172 m /ha. - Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis): the average density is 416 trees/ha (the planting space 3x8 m) and the average wood volume 3 is 24.750 m /ha. (b) 1986 - planted plantations - Rubber trees: the average density is 556 trees/ha (the planting space 3x6 m) and the average wood volume is 20.267 m /ha. ENV1004/97125,SEC.363DOC PAGE 3-49 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT - Eucalyptus trees: the average tree density is 1,250 trees/ha (the planting space 2x4 m) and the average wood volume is 32.776 3 rn/ha. k-) 1988 - pianted piantations Only the teak trees was planted with the average density of 625 trees/ 3 ha (the planting space 4x4 m) and the average wood volume of 11.228 m /ha. 3.6.4.4 Timber Value The calculation of the timber value of the forest is based on the current market price, and under the assumption that the actual project will be implemented in the proposed site. The market prices of various wood species differ widely among the 6 tree groups, as-- 1 tree group: teak (Tectana grandis Linn. f.) 2 tree group: Makhaa mong (Afzelia xylocarpa Craib) rd 3 tree group: Pra duu (Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz) 4 tree group: Daeng (W(ylia xylocarpa Taub.) th 5 tree group: Teng (Shorea obtusa Wall.) and Rang (Shorea siamensis Miq.) 6 tree group: other tree species, apart from the above-mentioned ones. Furthermore, the timber values are determined into 2 classes, the first class timber is the straigh and branchless trunk with at least 30 cm DBH (timber quality No.1.1 and 1.2), and the second quality class is the timber which has the DBH value between 10- 30 cm with straight (timber quality No.2), and branchless trunks. The market prices for these calculations are based principally on those provided by the Kasetsart University (1995) as: EWYV100497251SEC-36DOC' PAGE 3-50 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT r f ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 Tree Group Tree Species Price (Baht/m Thai Name Scientific Name 1 Class 2 Class 1 Teak (Sak) Tectana grandis 16,000.00 13,000.00 2 Makhaa mong Afzelia xylocarpa 7,000.00 5,500.00 3 Praduu Pterocarpus macrocarpus 6,000.00 4,500.00 4 Daeng Xylia xylocarpa 5,000.00 4,500.00 5 Teng Shorea obtusa 4,000.00 3,500.00 Rang Shorea siamensis 6 Other 3,500.00 3,000.00 The total wood value of the forest is the product of the market price subtract with the logging expense, the capital interest, the concession cost, and the capital risk cost, as advised by the Kasetsart University (1995), with the following detail. UNIT: BATH th Items 6 Tree Group 1 Class 2 Class 1. Market Price 3,500 3,500 2. Logging Expense 505 505 3. Capital Interest (15% of total expense) 75.80 75.80 rid rd 4. Combined Expense (2 item + 3 item) 580.80 580.80 St t 5. Preliminary profit (1 item - 4 item) 2,919.20 2,419.20 6. Concession cost (30% of 5 item) and 1,021.70 246.70 Capital risk Cost (5% of 5 item) 7. Net Timber Value (6 item - 5 item) 1,897.50 1,572.50 ENVIO04/9712SISEC-363.DOC PAGE 3-51 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3 Apart from these, the fuel wood cost of 110 bahts/m and the bamboo cost of 7 bahts/ pole, will not be calculated for the logging expenses. For the bamboos, only those having the pole diameters of 5 cm or more are considered herein. Thp c-r cjintinn nf the timbhr values in the forest of the "posed Thong lha Phum National Park that subjected to be cleared away in the 9-km long and 20-m wide, reveals that the total 18 ha of forest areas will be cieared with total timber values of 2,555,681.42 bahts. This value comprises of the highest value of the 1 quality class for 2,417,798.30 bahts, the value of the 2 quality class of 62,497.44 bahts, the value of the 3 quality class (Fuel wood) of 19,336.68 bahts, and the value of bamboos of 56,049 bahts (Table 3.6-4). 3.6.4.5 Future Timber Values The calculation of the timber values in the future, if the forest trees in the project area are left to grow there naturally, is base on forest increment. This increment depends on forest management practice that if no project development is being done. In general, the increment of the evergreen forest is 2.5% of the existing timber volume, and of the bamboo forest is 25% of the total number of poles. This annually gained increment can be sustainably used, without any conflicts to the existing stock value. The bamboo-collecting concession has been provided the 4-year rotation harvest, i.e. within 4 successive years the bamboos can successfully grow new poles in sufficient numbers to compensate the harvested ones. The present study indicated that in the project area of the proposed Thong Pha 3 Phum National Park, the annual forest increment is 36.569 m. This volume consists of 33 31.18 m of the timber quality class 1, 0.994 m3 of the class 2, and 4.395 m of the class 3. In addition, the annual increment of the bamboos is 2,002 poles. From this data, the calculated total timber vaiue is 75,224.57 bahts/year, which is 61,210.57 bahts for the trees, and is 14,014 bahts for the bamboos. 6NV104071255EC-383XOOC PAGE 3-52 TABLE 3.1;-4 > THE CALCULATION OF THE TIMBER VALUES > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _> 2 Items Timber Quality Bamboo Grand Total Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Total U, m I- 3 ITI Average Volume (m /ha) 69.289 2.208 9.766 81.263 444.84 (poles/ha) m 0 Net Volume (m ) 1,247.202 39.744 175.738 1,462.734 8,007 (poles) Total Value (Baht) 2,417,798.30 62,497.44 19,336.58 2,499,632.42 56,049 2,555,681.42 3 2) Increment (m /year) 31.18 0.994 4.395 36.569 2,002 (poles/year) Annual Value (Baht/year) 59,164.05 1,563.07 483.45 61,210.57 14,014 75,224.57 Remark (1) Gas Pipeline Pass Along the Forest Area in the National Park about 9 km. (21 Dry evergreen Forest Increment is 2.5% of Stock Volume (Backer and Openshaw, 1972). (3) Diameter Over 5 cm. of Bamboo were Computed for Total Value. (4) Bamboo Increment is 25% of Total pole. >11 C) m m mV 01~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT There are two equations for the calculation. Equation (1) is for future timber value prediction and equation (2) is for present value estimation as follows: Equation (1) 1(1 +P) -1 ] p Equation (2) n 1( +P) -11 F\/ PV = A -=2 P (1 +P) While: FV = future timber value PV = present timber value A = net income = annual added value P = Inflation rate, based on 7% n = Future period (year) The future timber values thus calculated show that in the next 10 years the gained timber volumes, by the sustainable use, will cost 1,039,336.36 bahts or equivalent to the present values of 528,345.90 bahts. In the next 2 decades, the values will be 3,083.868.28 bahts or equivalent to the present values of 796,930.17 bahts. On reaching th the 50 year, the future timber values will be 30,580,963.91 bahts or equivalent to the present values of 1,038,155.21 bahts (Table 3.6-5). 3.6.4.6 Ecological Values of Forest Ecological system consists of two main parts, structure and function. The structure is the combination of life and environment, and the function is the cycle that transfer and recycle carbon and energy. ENV1004M7125/SEC4-.OC' PAGE 3-54 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJEt FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.6-5 THE FUTURE TIMBER VALUES Future Period: n Net Income : A Future Value: FV u(1) Present Value: PV u(2) (Year) (Baht/year) (Baht) (Baht) 1 75,224.57 75,224.57 70,303.34 10 75,224.57 1,039,336.36 528,345.90 20 75,224.57 3,083,868.28 796,930.17 30 75,224.57 7,105,772.03 933,464.79 40 75,224.57 15,017,465.45 1,002,872.06 50 75,224.57 30,580,963.91 1,038,155.21 A [(l+P) -1] Remark: (1) Future Value FV - _l __ P While : A = Net income = annual value P = inflation rate; based on 7% n = future period (year) (2) Present Value PV = A It1+P) -11 FV P(1 p)n 11 +P)L ENV1004t37134/rAB36r5SABS PAGE 3-55 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Forest is an important factor of ecological system. Evolution of forest ecological value needs to consider the following aspects: (1) Forest Composition Important forest .comnositions that need-- to be considered are species diversity, and proportion of vegetations in different age groups. The area with high species diversity carries high ecological value. The proportion of vegetations is focussed on variation of age group, e.g., tree, sapling and seedling. When the ratio of vegetation and age group are plotted, the pyramid with wide base and point tip with large number of seedlings at the base reflecting the high regeneration capacity of the system which indicating high ecological value. For the project area, there are at least 104 plant species in 47 families which is relatively high species diversity. Furthermore, for the proportion of vegetations, the ratio of tree:seedling:sapling is 1:22.4:127.7 which is in a board base pyramid diagram with steep peak that represent a very good natural forest regeneration. From these data, it can be then concluded that the forest composition is of high value ecosystem. (2) Functions of the Forest The main function of the forest in the ecosystem is to transfer the nutrient and energy from one to the others. In the area with high biodiversity, the nutrients are recycled very fast. The plant are continuously growth, so large amount of nutrient are stored in the plant. When any part of the plant fall, nutrients will be released by rapid decomposition. In evergreen forest, there are falling of parts from different types of plant throughout the year, so these organic matter are decomposed for all year round. In addition, the high humidity in the forest accelerates the decomposition rate. For this reason, decomposition in this area is quick and continuous advance. From this phenomena, it can be inferred that the function of this kind of forest in the ecosystem is highly significant. In the project area where the main forest type is dry evergreen forest with high humidity, the leaves of different types of trees fall at different times throughout the year, and the decomposition of these biomass occurs continuously. As a result, the nutrient ENV1004"7251CD3BOC PAGE 3-56 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT transfer is highly effective, and the forest in the project area is very important to the ecosystem. It can be concluded that, the area that will be affected by the project within the Thong Pha Phum National Park is dry evergreen forest with high value of forest ecology both interms of structure and composition. 3.6.4.7 Conservation Value National park and wildlife sanctuaries are the areas with prime importance interm of conservation. Therefore, the areas which have been declared as national park or wildlife sanctuaries can be regarded as high conservation value. Part of the project area is located within the Thong Pha Phum proposed national Park which is in the declaration process. This proposed national park is in the center of other protected area, e.g., Thung Yai Naresuan wildlife sanctuary, Khao Laem National Park, and Sai Yok National Park. In addition, this area is also connected to Myanmar on the west. Although this area has not been officially declared as national park, it still can be accounted as a conservation area. 3.7 WILDLIFE Wildlife by nature, in close harmony with existing forest, is depending almost wholly on the forest condition. The more pristine of the wilderness is also shown the more diversity of the wildlife. Changes in the natural condition will lead to successive readaptation of all levels and ecological trophics of life. 3.7.1 Objective - to survey the existing condition of wildlife inhabiting in the project area; - to assess the impacts likely to occur from the project development on the habitats and the livings of indigenous wild animals; and - to propose the mitigation and monitoring measures on such undesirable impacts. ENV100l47125ShEC-363.O0C PAGE 3-57 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 3.7.2 Scope of Study This present study is described in four main terrestrial vertebrate animals, i.e. mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. The main study deaft with data collection and field surveys sole,y along the selected alternative and its environs by focusing on species diversity, relative abundance, and present status of wild animals, including the migration tendency of observed wildlife and wildlife foodplants. The study compared the living of wildlife in the prevailing conditions with the pipeline project and without such project. All data obtained from the above studies were analysed to assess the impacts occurring from the project implement together with the proposals of mitigation meesures and the appropriate monitoring measures for future follow-up activities. 3.7.3 Methodology (1) Species Diversity Wildlife is naturally agile and highly active, and tends to avoid the confrontation with human. Then, the detection of wild animals in their natural habitats is in low possibility, and does not reflect the actual wildirfe populations. In order to achieve the desired objectives and study scopes, various survey and sampling techniques were employed in combination as follow- (a) Direct count - Direct counting for species diversity and relative abundance were made as follows: - carrying observation during the field works in the study area by direct encounters and detecting their signs of activities, for examples, tracks, droppings, leaf-feeding signs, nesting sites and calls, etc. Notes for each particular species were made on their preferred habitats, food, and shelters, and also on their numbers and their activities when seen, etc. Surveys were conducted both by day (6:00-1&.30 hr.) and by night (19:0024:00 hr.). The bounty ENV1004J9712W5JEC-372,DOC PAGE 3-58 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPtLINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT system caught also use for our disposal by the native people, especially for the secretive reptiles and amphibians; - trapping life which was designed for collecting data on hard-to- observe small animals by setting trap lines along the gas pipeline. The mist nets were also used fcr capturing small obscure bird species in the daytime and bats in the night time. Those animals trapped by this technique were identified, furthermore, appearance and other data were also recorded in the field. After that, they were released at the point of capture. In case of some animals that were unable to be identified promptly in the field and those closely-related species that require other intemal detail studies for proper identification, they were photographed and preserved as voucher specimens in 70% ethyl alcohol or formalin for further investigation in the laboratory. (b) Indirect count - This process devided into two parts, secondary data compilation, and interviewing. Secondary data compilation concemed about studied area and its environs, while interviewing dealt with the reliable natives, hunters and officials who have been resided in the study area for a considerable length of time and have been familiar with the wild animal whereabouts from the past to the present. The purposes of this technique are to verify occurrences of some animals and to enquire the degrees of the utilization of the wildlife to assess the present status. (2) Wildlife Habitat Study This study employed routine field observation together with series of photographs, and dealt with the details on the wildlife food plants, water sources, salt licks, burrows, caves, and other ecological conditions of the wild animals which providing the basic needs for their good health and safety. In addition, investigation to determine diversity and quantity of wildlife foods were done in the project area and its environs, by the analysis of data on the forest resources. ENV1004712SMEC-372.DOC ' PAGE 3-59 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.7.4 Results of the Study 3.7.4.1 Secondary Data Compilation Some nart of project area is situated in the boundary of Tong Pha Phum proposed National Park which will be declared in the near future. The margins of the park are as follow: the north adjoins to Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, a World Heritage Site of UNESCO; the east adjoins to Khao Laem National Park; the south adjoins to Sai Yok National Park; and the west adjoins to the frontier between Thailand and Myanmar which is covered with lush vegetation. Collection of secondary data comprises all these neighbouring protected areas which assumed to harbour the same array of wildlife, i.e., Thung Yai Naresuan WVidlife Sanctuary, Khao Laem National Park and Sai Yok National Park. Dealing with the wildlife aspect, the compilation of the secondary data have been extracted from those studies recently done in the surrounding protected areas, i.e. the Faculty of Forestry (1989)'s work on Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, who revealed the existances of the total 420 wildlife species, comprising 68 mammal species, 289 bird species, 48 reptilian species and 15 amphibian species. The management plan proposed by Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (1994) for Khao Laem National Park, indicated that there were at least 268 wildlife species, comprising 50 mammal species, 186 bird species, 13 reptilian species and 19 amphibian species. Furthermore, Forest Research Centre of the Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, had conducted the surveys of the natural resources of the Sai Yok National Park which showed the presences of the total 223 species of wild animals, comprising 58 mammal species, 114 bird species, 36 reptilian species and 15 amphibian species. The diversity, abundance, present status, and WARPA (Wild Animals Reservation and Protection Act B.E. 2535) status of four main wildlife groups existing within the nearby project area are shown in Appendix D Table D-1 to D-4. The data compilation revealed the natural occurrences of some endangered and rare wild animals within the nearby protected areas, as follow: ENV11004AIM71SEC-372.1OC PAGE 3-60 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT (1) Mammals Among the three protected areas under this study, only in the wilderness areas of Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, found upto three species of endangered animals, Lesser one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Asian two-homed rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), and Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata). Khao Laem National Park has no endangered animal species known living in, but Sai Yok National Park has 2 species found, i.e. Hog-nosed bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyal) and Banteng (Bos javanicus). Moreover, the endangered mammals which found in -tvo of the three protected areas were White-handed gibbon (Hylobates Jar), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosus), Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), Fea's muntjac (Muntiacus feae), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), and Southern serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis). (2) Birds Five endangered bird species, known as inhabiting solely in Thung Yal Naresuan Wildife Sanctuary, include Spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Black-necked stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus), and Rufour hombill (Aceros nipalensis). There are at least three scarce bird species in Khao Laem National Park habours, Grey faced buzzard (Butastur indicus), Rufous-bellied eagle (Hieraaetus kieneri,), and Oriental hobby (Falco severus), whereas Sai Yok National Park has no such rare bird species in its boundary. Those birds of special importance to conservation purpose that found to dwell in two of the three protected areas.are White-winged duck (Cairina scutulata), Green peafowl (Pavo muticus), Brown fish-owl (Ketupa zeylonensis), the Brown hornbill (Anorrhinus tickelit), Plain-pouched hornbill (Aceros subruficollis), etc. (3) Reptiles Dealing with the rare or endangered reptilian species, five species regarded as the endemics of Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, since they are found living only in this protected area, not in other two such areas. They are Impressed tortoise (Manouria ENV1OO4/57125/SEC.372DOC PAGE 3-61 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT impressa), Blunt-headed softshell (Pelochelys bibronm), Malayan softshell (Dogania subplana), Black terrapin (Siebenrockiella crassicollis), and Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis). Inhabited by 2 turtle species, Sai Yok National Park is the home of Big-headed turtle (Piatystemon megacephalum) and the Malayan box terrapin (Cuora amboinensis). Khao Laem National Park has not yet been reported to contain within it any endemic species. However, some important reptilian species are know to occur in two of the three protected areas, i.e. Burmese brown tortoise (Manouria emys), Giant softshell (Chitra chitra), Giant terrapin (Heosemys grandis), etc. (4) Amphibians No rare and endangered amphibian species is found in the study area. Naturally, this group of animal shows more scattered local distribution than other previously- mentioned groups, because they mostly occur within two of the three protected areas. Under the present study, the outstanding ones among them are Variegated toad-fros (Leptobrachium hasseftii), Malayan giant t9ad (Bufo asper), Common brown frog (Rana nigrovittata), Common bush frog (Polypedates leucomystax), Common burrowing frog (Kaloula pulchra), Ornate froglet (Microhyla omata), etc. 3.7.4.2 Species Diversity and Local Distribution The study on the species diversity of the wildlife indigenous to the project were both by the actual field surveys along the pipeline routes and by the gatherings of reliable -data on the wildlife species known to occur in the surrounding three protected areas which are highly believed and assumed to occur in the p�roject area too. In addition, the time- consuming task of interviewing the local inhabitants that residing in and around the project area was also done. The study intensively proceeded in three protected areas, the northern- adjoined Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, the eastem-adjoined Khao Laem National Park, and the southem-adjoined Sai Yok National Park. However, while the western boundary abutting Myanmar had no available data on wildlife for critical detail comparison ENV10NW447126J5EC=72.DOC PAGE 3-62 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT between sites, it was assumed that it shares almost the same arrays of wild animal species. The criteria for the inclusion of particular animal species living in the project area are following consideration: - capability of local movement; - existing barriers against the in-comings of local wild animals; - distribution within the country; - distribution within the region; - distribution pattem in surrounding areas; - preferred habitats present in the project area. The present study result revealed that, within the project area and its surroundings, the occurrences of the total numbers of 541 indigenous vertebrate species (excluding the fishes), comprising 98 mammal species classified in 33 families, 347 bird species in 61 families, 64 reptilian species in 13 families and, 32 amphibian species in 5 families. Of which those actually living and expected to live in the project area numbering not less than 407 species, which comprising 81 mammal species, 248 bird species, 47 reptilian species and 31 amphibian species, the study details by animal group as follows: (1) Mammals At least 81 mammal species have been known or expected to occur in the present project site; of which 59 species or 72.84% were encountered by the field surveys and the interviewing. Only 22 species (27.16%) actually dwell within the project areas. Most of them which were directly and frequently observed by the survey team were small mammals, such as Himalayan striped squirrel (Tamiops maccleiandil), Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), Northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangen), and Indochinese ground squirrel (Menetes berdmore,). Concerning the large mammals, only their left-over tracks, droppings, and signs of daily activities were found along the pipeline routes. Numerous footprints and scattered droppings of wild elephants (Elephas maximusl were seen along the forest paths, ENV1040"7125MEC.372.DOC PAGE 3-63 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT especially, those iying on the hill ridges. Food-foraging tracks among the wet grounds of wild boars (Sus scrofa) were found practically everywhere on lowland and on the hills. The positive presence of Sun bears (Ursus malayanus) was indicated by findings of their claw marks on tree trunks and their sleeping platforms high in the tree crowns. The remains of consumed scaly fruits of Salacca rumphii palms also showed the abundance of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in the project area, as well as their frequently-found claw marks. Furthermore, at the site, the screeching calls of the Malayan flying lemurs (Cynocephalus variegatus) were also frequently heard both in the morning and at night. A flock of 4-6 insectivorous Lesser false vampire bats (Megaderma spasma) was found roosting under the ceiling of the abandoned office of the Sattamit Mine. Of the 24 mammalian species expected to inhabit in the study area, the majority of them are the highly-mobile bats that roost in the nearby numerous limestone caves and forage along the forest streams, such as Dawn bat (Eonycteris spelaea), Malayan horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus malayanus), Himalayan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros armiger), etc. Those species reported to occur in the neighbouring areas and distribute widely throughout the whole study area included Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Silvered leaf monkey (Semnopithecus cristatus), Yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), etc. (see Appendix D Table D-1). (2) Birds The total bird species that actually living and expected to live in the project area are at least 248 species, classified in 50 families; of which 204 species or 82.26% have been seen or recognized by the present surveys. It was estimated that about 44 species (17.74%) do inhabit in the project site. Those birds commonly observed along the pipeline routes are mainly small and frequently-seen species, such as Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata), Scarlet-backed flowerpecker (Dicaeum cruentatum), Stonechat (Saxicola maura), Sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster), Lineated barbet (Megalaima lineata), etc. The encountered forest birds living throughout the study area include Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), Thick-billed pigeon (Treron curvirostra), Greater coucal (Centropus ENV1OO4jg7125/SEC-372.DOC PAGE 3-64 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT sinensis), Orange-breasted trogon (Harpactes oreskios), etc. Some birds, distinctive call, were more frequently observed by hearing than appearance. Some of them are Mountain imperial pigeon (Ducula badia), Hoopoe (Upupa epops), Great hornbill (Buceros bicomis), and Great barbet (Megalaima virens) (see Appendix D Table D-2). Dealing specifically with those 44 resident bird species of the project site, they are also widespread in both the regional and country distributions. However, the surrounding protected areas was suitable habitats for them. Samples of these bird species are White-rumped falcon (Polihierax insignis), Grey-headed parakeet (Psittacula finschil), Large-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus macrurus), Blue-bearded bee-eater (Nyctyomis atherton:), Green-eared Barbet (Megalaima faiostricta), Long-tailed broadbill (Psarisomus dalhousiae), etc. (3) Reptiles The reptilian fauna of at least 47 species in 11 families are believed or expected to exist in the project area. As high as 36 species or 76.60% of them were observed both by direct field surveys and by indirect interviewing method; whereas those of 11 species (23.40%) do exist in the project area. The reptilian species found along the pipeline routes are mainly small in body sizes, such as Common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus), Forest lizard (Calotes emma), Red-headed lizard (Calotes versicolor), Variable skink (Mabuya macularia), Spotted mountain skink (Sphenomorphus maculatus), Long-tailed skink (Mabuya longicaudata), etc. (Appendix D Table D-3). Eleven species are also expected to inhabit in the project area, because of their occurrences in the neighbouring protected areas and their widespread distributions throughout the country and the project area. They are Burmese brown tortoise (Manouria emys), Giant terrapin (Heosemys grandis), Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis), Pointed- head whip snake (Ahaetulla nasuta), Mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola), etc. (4) Amphibians The amphibian species that actually inhabit or expected to inhabit in the project area are totally 31 species in number, classified into 5 families. Of which 24 species ENV1004197125/SEC.372DOC PAGE 3-65 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT or 77.42% of them were found by the field surveys and the interviewing method, while only 7 species (22.58%) do exist in the project area. Those commonly-found ones are the denizens of the forest pools or the forest streams, such as Paddyfield puddle frog IOccidozyga ima), Common puddie frog (Phrynoglossus martens,), Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis), Common stream frog (Rana piletat), etc. Some were observed to live on the forest floors or on the hill slopes away from the water bodies, such as Dwarf toad (Bufo parvus), Mountain frog (Rana alticola), Litter frog (Rana hascheana), Black-sided froglet (Microhyla heymonsi), etc. (Appendix D Table D-4). Seven amphibian species, highly believed to occur in the project area, are those found living in the surrounding protected areas with widespread distributions through the country and the region, and their preferred habitats are present in the project area. The majority of them, five species altogether, are those classified in the family Rhacophoridae, such as Yellow-webbed flying frog (Rhacophorus bipunctatus), Burmese warted frog (Theloderma asperum), White-banded dwarf frog (Chinxalus vittatus), etc. The rest of two species, Malayan giant toad (Bufo asper) is in family Bufonidae, and Yellow frog (Rana lateralis) is in family Ranidae. 3.7.4.3 Wildlife Abundance This study has categorized the degree of abundance of each particular species of wildlife into 4 levels, i.e., very common, common, uncommon and rare. For the wildlife species observed in the field surveys, their degrees of abundance have been determined from the numbers of encounters at each survey time, as: Very Common: those wildlife species of ubiquitous in appearance and frequent in occurrence; they were found more than 10 times at all survey times; Common: those infrequently-found in occurrence; they were found 3-10 times at all survey times; Uncommon: those rarely-found in occurrence; found only 1-2 times at all survey times; ENV1Od97S12SEC-372DOC PAGE 3-66 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Rare: those not directly seen by the survey team, but some of their tracks and signs were found instead; or the whereabouts of their occurrences in this site had been derived from interviewing the local villagers. Most are large mammals which are wellknown and rarely encountered. From the study of abundance degrees of all wildirfe species in the project area and the surrounding protected areas, total of 541 species, the result showed that those regarded as common in abundance are the largest group of 243 species (44.92%). The succeeding groups are the uncommon in abundance of 223 species (41.22%), the rare in abundance of 49 species (9.06%), and the very common in abundance of 26 species (4.80%). The total number of 407 wild animal species that actually inhabit or expected to inhabit in the project area comprises of 26 very common species (6.36%), 223 common species (54.79%), 139 uncommon species (34.15%) and 19 rare species (4.67%). More details of each level of abundance are as follows: (1) Very Common Wildlife Species There are altogether 26 species of wild animal being regarded as very common in abundance, of which comprising 1 mammal species (3.85%), 21 bird species (80.77%), 2 reptilian species (7.69%), and 2 amphibian species (7.69%). The only very common mammal species found is Northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri) which is a smalksized terrestrial insectivore of the natural and degraded forests. It is a highly adaptable one and occurs in large numbers throughout its preferred habitats. Twenty one species of bird regarded to be very common in abundance and found living in the project area are mainly small birds. Most of them live in open degraded habitats, such as Chinese pond-heron (Ardeola bacchus), Sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster), Grey-breasted prinia (Prinia hodgsonii), Stonechat (Saxicola maura), etc. However, some of them live in the forested areas, such as Emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica), Green- billed malkoha (Phaenicophaeus tristis), Black-crested bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus), etc. ENV1004S71261SEC372.DOC PAGE 3-67 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Only two reptilian species regarded as very common in abundance, Variable skink (Mabuya macu/aria) and Spotted mountain skink (Sphenomorphus maculatus). Two very common amphibians are Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis) and Common burrowing frog )both of them 'vel, in pauuy eliids at Ban Rai Pa at the southern corner of the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park. (2) Common Wildlife Species The wildlife species regarded as common in abundance in the project area are 223 species, which consists of 37 mammal species (16.59%), 149 bird species (66.82%), 22 reptilian species (9.87%), and 15 amphibian species (6.73%). Of the 37 common mammal species, most are small mammals, such as Malayan flying lemur (Cynocephalus variegatus), Short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx), Slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata), etc. Furthermore, there are 3 medium-sized mammal species, Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Common barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), and Common porcupine (Hystrix brachyura). The 149 common bird species are mainly smalksized with high adaptability to changing environment, such as Black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus), Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), Lesser coucal (Centropus bengalensis), Asian barred owlet (Glaucidium cuculoides), etc. However, there are some species of less adaptability but being specific only to this forest habitats, such as Red-breasted parakeet (Psittacula alexandri), Red-headed trogon (Harpactes erythrocephalus), Oriental' pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris), Blue-throated barbet (Megalaima asiatica), etc. The 22 common reptiles found inhabiting in the project area are mostly small, highly-adaptable species, such as Flat-tailed gecko (Cosymbotus platyurus), Orange- winged flying lizard, Red-necked keelback (Rhabdophis subminiatus), Banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus), etc. For the 15 common amphibian species, the majority of which are small-sized species. They are ecologically separated into two habitats, forest stream dweller, and pool dweller habitat. The sample of amphibian in first habitat are Common brown.frog (Rana ENVT00407125/SEC4372.DOC PAGE 3-68 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT nigrovittata), Common stream frog (Rana pileata), Copper-cheeked frog (Rana chalconota), and Variegated toad-frog (Leptobrachium hasseltii), and in the second habitat are Paddyfield green frog (Rana erythraea), Common bush frog (Polypedates leucomystax), and Painted froglet (Microhyla pulchra). (3) Uncommon Wildlife Species At least 139 uncommon wildlife species are known to inhabit or expected to inhabit in the project area, comprising 33 mammal species (23.74%), 70 bird species (50.36%), 22 reptilian species (15.83%), and 14 amphibian species (10.07%). All 33 uncommon mammal species are only the forest dwellers which include the smalksized mammals as a varied array of bats in order Chiroptera, such as Greater long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), Greater false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra), Intermediate leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros larvatus), etc.; the medium- sized mammals, mostly being the primates in family Cercopithecidae, such as Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), Bear macaque (Macaca arctoides), Phayre's leaf monkey (Semnopithecus phayrei), etc. Other outstanding species are Fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), Large indian civet (Viverra zibetha), Fea's muntjac (Muntiacus feae), etc.; the only large mammal is the Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus). Most of 70 uncommon bird species are small and are forest dweller, such as Oriental turtle-dove (Streptopelia orientalis), Mountain scops-owl (Otus spilocephalus), Great-eared nightjar (Eurostopodus macrotis), and Blue-eared kingfisher (Alcedo meninting). Some of them are medium to large-sized encountered species, such as Crested serpent- eagle (Spilomis cheela), Changeable hawk-eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus), Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), and Great hornbill (Buceros bicomis). The 22 reptilian species regarded as uncomrnion in abundance are all poor- adapted and inhabit mainly in the forested areas, such as Elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), Giant terrapin (Heosemys grandis), Blanford's flying lizard (Draco blanfordil), Striped tree skink (Lipinia vittigera), Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis), Rock python (Python molurus), and King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), etc. ENV1004M7126jSEC-372.OC PAGE 3-69 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Some of 14 species of uncommon amphibians are relatively poor-adapted and forest stream inhabitants, such as Indian cascade frog (Rana livida), Malayan giant frog (Rana blythii), and Burmese frog (Rana leptoglossa). In addition, some of uncommon amphibians are small-sized are in family Rhacophoridae who live entirely in the natural forests, such as Yellow-webbed flying frog (Rhacophorus bipunctatus), Burmese warted frog (Theloderma asperum), and White-banded dwarf frog (Chirixalus vittatus). (4) Rare Wildlife Species Regarding the rare wildlife species found living or expected to live in the project area, there were total of 19 species comprising 10 mammal species (52.63%), 8 bird species (42.11%), and 1 reptilian species (5.26%). No rare amphibian species is present in the area. The 10 rare mammal species are scarcely-seen wild animals which are important to the conservation purpose both locally and regionally, such as White-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Red dog (Cuon alpinus), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), Gaur (Bos gaurus), and Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus macrourus). Birds, considered rare in abundance, comprise 8 forest species of extremely low natural populations. They are scarce both locally and regionally, such as Bar-backed partridge (Arborophila brunneopectus), Silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Grey peacock- pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum), Pale-capped pigeon (Columba punicea), Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), Spot-bellied eagle-owl (Bubo nipalensisJ, Brown fish-owl (Ketupa zeylonensis), and Striated bulbul (Pycnonotus stnatus). Regarding the rare reptilian species, only the Burmese brown tortoise (Manouria emys), a large terrestrial species, can survive successfully only in the good forested areas. No rare species of amphibians is found in the project area. ENV1004/97125/SEC-372.DOC PAGE 3-70 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 3.7.4.4 WARPA Status The legal status of most wildlife species have been determined by the 'vvlid Animals Reservation and Protection Act B.E. 2535 (1992). The wildlife species were categorized into the reserved and the protected wild animals. In this study three legal statuses of the wildlife species are considered as: (1) Reserved Species - R Defined as rare species that have been declared by the royal decree in the appendix list of the WARPA B.E. 2535 (1992), comprising 15 species, i.e., White-eyed river martin, Asiatic two-horned rhinoceros, lesser one-horned rhinoceros, Kouprey, Wild buffalo, Eld's deer, Schomburgk's deer, Southem serow, Chinese goral, Gumey's pitta, Sarus crane, Marble cat, Malayan tapir, Fea's muntjak, and dugong. (2) Protected Species - P Those species determined by the ministerial regulation to be as such in 476 items; of which eove-i ng 189 mammalian items, 182 bird items, 63 reptilian ftems, 12 amphibian items, 13 insect items, 4 fish items, and 13 invertebrate items. However, this study emphasises only 4 vertebrate groups, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. (3) Non-protected Species - NP Those wildlife species encountered in the study areas, but have not been listed in the 2 above-mentioned official lists. The study in the project area and in the surrounding protected areas reveals that there were totally 6 reserved wild animals or 1.1 1 % of the total wild animal species; and all of them are mammals, i.e., Marble cat (Pardofelis marmorata), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Lesser one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Asian two-horned rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), Fea's muntjak (Muntiacus feae), and Southern Serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis). All six species were reported to exist in Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, the World Heritage Site, to the north of the project area. Only Southern serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis) was found in Khao Laem National Park to the east of the project area; whereas 3 other species were found in Sai Yok National Park to the south, ENV1004J97126/SEC-372DOC PAGE 3-71 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT i.e., Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Fea's muntiak (Muntiacus feae), and Southern serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis). Apart from the reserved wiid animals, there also occur 424 protected species (78.37%) and 111 non-protected species (20.52%) in the project area. Deaiing with the project area, there were 407 species do existing or expected to exist. This total species includes 3 mammalian reserved species (0.74%), 311 protected species (76.41%), and the rest of 93 non-protected species (22.85%). The details of the study categorized by the legal statuses of the wildlife are as follows: (1) Reserved Wild Animals The 3 reserved wild animals found existing in the project area are all mammals, Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Fea's muntiak (Muntiacus feae), and Southem serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis). The field surveys indicated that the former 2 species are distributed in the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park, but their existances along the pipeline route are not detected. The latter species inhabits mainly on the limestone massifs near the site of Sattamit Mine, which are about 500 m north of the pipeline route. (2) Protected Wild Animals There are altogether 311 protected species which comprising 58 mammal species (18.65%), 230 bird species (73.95%), 19 reptilian species (6.11%), and 4 amphibian species (1.29%). The 58 protected mammal species found in this area include Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica), Leschenauft's rousette (Rousettus leschenaulti), Bicolored leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros bicolor), Golden jackal (Canis aureus), Hog-badger (Arctonyx collaris), Binturong (Arctictis binturong), Golden cat (Catopuma temminckii), and Lesser Malay mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus), etc. Sample of the 230 protected bird species that actually dwell or are expected to dwell in the project area, are Scaly-breasted partridge (Arborophila chloropus), White- throated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis), Dollarbird (Eurystomus orientalis), Heart-spotted woodpecker (Hemicircus canente), Blue pitta (Pitta cyanea), Scarlet minivet (Pericrocotus ENVIONS712SiSEC-372.OOC PAGE 3-72 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT flammeus), Golden-fronted leafbird (Chloropsis aurifrons), Grey treepie (Dendrocitta formosae), and Hill myna (Gracula religiosa), etc. The 19 protected reptilian species are Common softshell (Amyda cartilaginea), Garden lizard (Calotes mystaceus), Copper-headed racer (Elaphe radiata), Common whip snake (Ahaetulla prasina), and Omate tree snake (Chrysopelea omata), etc. The amphibians listed as protected animals include 4 species, Malayan giant toad (Bufo asper), Flat-headed toad (Bufo macrotis), Dwarf toad (Bufo parvusJ, and Malayan giant frog (Rana blythii). (3) Non-protected Wild Animals At least 93 species of non-protected wild animals actually inhabit or are expected to inhabit in the project area. This figure comprises 20 mammal species (21.51 %), 18 bird species (19.35%), 28 reptilian species (30.11%), and 27 amphibian species (29.03%). However, although they have not yet been protected legally, their occurrences within the boundary of the proposed Thong Ptha Phum National Park provided them with strictly protection, according to the National Park Act B.E. 2504 (1961). The majority of the non-protected mammal species are rodents in the family Muridae which are usually small mammals with highly adaptable capabilities, such as Roof rat (Rattus rattus), yellow rajah rat (Maxomys surifer), Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius), Hoary bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus), Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), and Variable squirrel (Callosciurus finJaysoni), etc. However, there are some other small mammals of the same level of adaptability, such as Northern tailless fruit bat (Megaerops niphanae), and Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). In additional, a medium- sized adaptable mammal, the Wild boar (Sus scrofa), is also non-protected legally. The 18 bird species without legal protection are those frequently-seen, have small size, and are common in the project area. Samples are Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), Olive-backed pipit (Anthus hodgsoni), Common wood shrike (Tephrodomis pondicerianus), Abbott's babbler (Malacocincla abbotti), Zitting cisticola (Cisticola juncidis), and Black-naped monarch (Hypothymis azurea). ENV1OO4I97M25ISEC-372.DOC PAGE 3-73 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT For the 28 non-protected reptilian species, half of them are rear-fanged snakes in family Colubridae, such as Common checkerback (Xenochrophis flavipunctatus), Pointed-head whip snake (Ahaetulla nasuta), Mock viper (Psammodynastes pulverulentus), ariu Cormon iirigneck (Liopeiris scriptus). Otner species oT notabie reptiies are also found, such as Common supple skink (Riopa bowringii), Ground skink (Scincella sp.), Indo-chinese rat snake (Ptyas korros), and Red-tailed racer (Gonyosoma oxycephalum). Amphibians are mostly non-protected by law. They are found in this project area for 27 species, such as Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis), Common dwarf frog (Philautus parvulus), Sriracha dwarf frog (Chirixalus nongkhorensis), and Spotted froglet (Micryletta inomata). 3.7.4.5 WILDLIFE STATUS The present status of each particular wildlife species follows closely those provided by Humphrey and Bain (1990) with slight modifications to suit the present situation. This work determined the statuses of the Thai wildlife by using the population numbers and distributional patterns as the criteria, as follows: (1) Endangered Species - E Those wildlife species whose natural populations have so drastically reduced and their distributional ranges so seriously dwindled so that they will become extinct in the near future, if no appropriate conservation measures has been applied. (2) Threatened Species - T Those having rapidly decreasing population numbers and shrinking local distributions, so that without appropriate preventive measures put into effect the extinction will occur in the near future. (3) Indeterminate species - I I ose iacking definite data to indicate their true s'aLuses. i this st-udy it i also applied to those wild animals with high adaptability to the changing environmental ENVlOO497125M5EC-3745.DOC PAGE 3-74 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT conditions, with high natural population numbers, and having widespread distributions in the project area in both local and regional levels. The obtained results on the statuses of 541 wildlife species found in the project area and the surrounding protected areas do reveal that the highest numbers of them are the indeterminate species, numbering 476 species (87.99%) with those threatened species of 42 species (7.76%), and those endangered species of 23 species (4.25%). Dealing specifically to those 407 species actually present or expected to present in the project area, the indeterminate species have the highest numbers of 368 species (90.42%), with the threatened species of 30 species (7.37%), and the endangered species of 9 species (2.21 %). The details of the study categorized by the groups of wildife statuses are as follows: (1) Threatened Wild Animals There are 30 threatened wild animals that actually exist or expected to exist in the project area. These comprise the highest number of 19 mammal species (63.33%), 7 bird species (23.33%), and 4 reptilian species (13.33%). This study can not reveal any threatened amphibian species. For the 19 threatened mammal species, the majority of 7 are the primates in family Cercoprthecidae such as Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis), Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), and Banded leaf monkey (Presbytis femoralis). The rest of 12 species are medium to large-sized mammals with low natural populations in the project area, as well as in the whole country. Samples are Golden jackal (Canis aureus), Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor), and Binturong (Arctictis binturong). The 7 bird species, regarded as threatened, include the 3 pheasants and a peacock-pheasant in the family Phasianidae, such as Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), Silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), and Grey peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum). Two woodpeckers in family Picidae, are Whrte-bellied woodpecker (Dryocopus ENV100"4712S.tEC-374S.D0C PAGE 3-75 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT javensis), and Great slaty woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulveru/entus). The rest is Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) in family Bucerotidae, which is of some special importance as an indicator species of the pristine forest. Four threateneu rept,iIan secies are, urrnes brown iortoise (Manouria emys) which is the largest land tortoise of the primary forests, Rock python (Python molurus) which is one of the giant snakes of the western forests, Marble monitor lizard (Varanus nebulosus), and Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis). Last two species are mainly arboreal in feeding habit, especially when being juveniies. In the project area, there is, at present, no threatened amphibian species found to inhabit within its area. (2) Endangered Wild Animals All nine encountered endangered wild animals are wholly mammals, i.e. White-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Red dog (Cuon alpinus), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Tiger (Panthera tigris), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), and three of them are reserved wild animals of the country, Malayan tapir ITapirus indicus), Fea's muntjak (Muntiacus feae) and Southem serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis). (3) Indeterminate Wild animals The project area is noteworthy in having in its boundary an exceedingly high number of 368 indeterminate species of wild animals. These comprise 53 mammal species (14.40%), 241 bird species (65.49%), 43 reptilian species (11.68%), and 31 amphibian species (8.42%). This figure indicates that more intensive surveys and serious studies are urgently needed to be conducted in this area. 3.7.4.6 Migration Tendency of Wildlife This study focuses on tendency of wildlife moving within the boundary of the proposed Thong Pha hurm National Park. The objective is to detect the movement patterns, migration routes, and prevailing habits of moving from place to place in each season of the indigenous wild animals. The study is emphasis on four groups of importance ENV1O00D871EC.3745,DOC PAGE 3-76 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT species to conservation purpose. These gruops are the rare species, the reserved species, the threatened species and the endangered species. All of these will be impacted from the project in different level depending mainly on their capabilities of migration and mobility. For this reason .in this study wildlife was separated into two groups as lowly-mobiled and highly mobile. (1) Lowly-mobiled Species This group includes the terrestrial mammals, reptiles, and amphibians which require intact level land areas for locai movement. So, their limited movements are hindered by topographical conditions, seasons, water source, or food source distributions. However, some may manage to enter in the national park area, but unfortunately a number of man- made barriers have been established between the protected areas as.- (a) Between the proposed Thong Pha Phum National park and Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary to the north, there are 2 provincial highways, numbers 323 and 327, acting as barriers for animal migrations. Moreover, the deteriorated forest patches around Ban I-Tong village and the long-established human community in this village regarded as the most important barrier between these two principle protected areas. (b) Between the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park and Khao Laem National Park to the east, there are diferent kinds of barriers such as highway no. 323 Khao Laem reservoir, and villages scattering in line along the highway no. 323. These villages act as important obstacles against the local movements of the wild animals. (c) Between the proposed Thong Pha Phum National park and Sai Yok National Park to the south, there are a branch road from highway no. 327 towards the established resettlement area for the local villagers evacuated from Khao Lam Dam project, and a number of scattered communities in the resettlement area, that becoming barriers for the movement of the wildlife. Furthermore, in Sai Yok national Park, there is a large number of a country's endemic species, Hog-nosed bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai), residing in numerous limestone caves. Eventhough this world's smallest bat is agile in flying capability, but it is ENV1004/9712IS5EC-374.10C PAGE 3-77 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT believed to keep confined to Sai Yok National Park. The reasons are its foraging distance is well within the radius of 1 km around its preferred cave, and this tiny bat needs the cave with constant temperature and a certain level of moisture to roost only. Thus, their movement out of the Sai Yok area to colonize in the Thong Pha Phum area seems unlikely to occur. (2) Highly-mobiled Species Mainly the bird species equipped with flying capability to move about freely at will, especially the rare and endangered species, which are low in adaptability to changing environment, depend entirely on the specific sets of habitat conditions. Thus the site of destination for them should be abounded with required basic needs and, most of all, free from human disturbance. Those having superior flying capability can travel for longer distance than those inferior in flying capability. The field surveys and observations indicated that, generally, the habitat conditions of the rare and endangered bird species in Thong Pha Phum area are less suitable for sustaining life than those of the surrounding protected areas. However, this particular area is now under the process of official establishment, so forest protection, wildlife hunting control, and area encroachment control are rarely in practice. Additionally, this area has already been colonized by high numbers of local populace and occupied by the mining companies. Some mining areas have deserted, thus forcing the jobless workers to hunt for food and for collecting wild products for their subsistences. Those activities have continuously interfered the lives of local wild animals. Furthermore, the long-established protected areas in the surrounding areas provide better protection to their respective forest areas and the inhabiting wildlife, so the tendency of the wild animals to migrate into the Thong Pha Phum area is quite unlikely to occur or occurs in a low level. In addition, some bird species may leave the project site to safer sites in the surrounding protected areas. Though the rare and endangered bird species do rarely move away from their preferred haunts, but the highly-adaptable small birds can certainly move in and out atr ENV100I,7126tSEC-3745DMC PAGE 3-78 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT all the time, especially, during the wintering months from October to April, when the northem migrants escape the severe cold winter to reside temporarily in these study areas. 3.7.4.7 Wildlife Habitats (1) Forested Areas The dominant forest type which is found in good condition along the pipeline route across the westem part of the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park is dry evergreen forest that richly covering the central portion of the national park. However, the southern portion is different that is sparsely covered with degraded mixed deciduous forests because it has been heavily encroached by villagers for wood for a long time. These forested areas are important habitats for wildlife because they naturally provide all their basic needs for sustaining lives. For this reason, a great diversity of wildlife species inhabit the forests at all levels, from under the ground surface up to the top of the forest canopy. The subterranean animals such as bamboo rats in family of Muridae, lead the underground life-style, while most of the terrestrial animals, from small to large in sizes, dwell on the forest floors. The sample of these terrestrial animals are those in: the camivorous group as dogs, bears, otters, civets; the hooved group as tapir, boar, mouse- deer; rodent group as rats, ground squirrels; and the elephant. Dealing with the ground- dwelling species, there occur the pheasants and quails, the roosting nightjars, together with arrays of amphibians and reptiles. Those canopy-dwelling animal species are mostly birds, especially, the pigeons and doves, parrots, cuckoos, barbets and woodpeckers, and a wide range of perching birds, such as the broadbills, pittas, pipits, minivets, leafbirds, bulbuls, drongoes, and flycatchers. Animals living within the canopy are: mammals such as loris, macaques, and leaf monkeys; and the reptiles such as geckoes and lizards. ENV100497125/SEC-374s.DOC PAGE 3-79 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Those birds hawking for insects above the canopy are the insectivorous swifts and some species of hawks, the latter of which also utilize the canopy as their foraging grounds for preys. ( Dstul beu Areds This habitat type was found scattered in the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park, notably the mined-over sites and narrow stretches of lowlands along the streams in the southern portion where the villagers have invaded to grow field crops. Wild animals adaptable to this habitat type are small mammals and birds, together with some reptiles and amphibians. Mammal species are Northern treeshrew (Tupaia belanger,), Small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), Roof rat (Rattus rattus), Burmese hare (Lepus peguensis), etc. Bird species are Greater coucal (Centropus sinensis), Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis), Common iora (Aegithina tiphia), Streak-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus blanford,), etc. Reptile species are Red-headed lizard (Calotes versicolor), Common supple skink (Riopa bowringi:), Copperhead racer (Elaphe radiata), etc. Lastly, amphibian species are Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), Paddyfield puddle frog (Occidozyga lima), Common puddle frog (Phrynoglossus martens,), and Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis), etc. (3) Limestone areas Along the pipeline route, there is a distinctive limestone wildlife habitat at the site of Sattamit Mine, about 500 m to the north of the pipeline route. It is a limestone massif about 5 km long that stretching in the northwest-southeast direction. All lives that successfully live here have adapted themselves so well to live advantageously in such specific habitat. For examples, Southern serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis) can climb up and down the precipitous cliff faces with astonishing agility. Furthermore, the remarkably high diversity of native bats in families Pteropodidae (fruit bats), Emballonuridae (tomb bats), Rhinotophidae (horseshoe bats) and Hipposideridae (leaf-nosed bats) have ultimately adapted to inhabit dark and moist conditions of limestone caves, which few other vertebrate animals can do in the same levels. ENV1004J"7125tSEC-374S.DOC PAGE 3-80 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT (4) Water sources In the process of laying down the pipeline route, some stretches will overlay portions of forest streams, i.e. from the grid coordinate 446750 N - 1612750 E and the grid coordinate 449200 N - 1614150 E, which situating on the branches of Huai Pak Khok which supports with permanent water all year round. The pipeline route also traverse the branches of Huai Prachammai at Mokkara and Sattamit Mines, and, at least 2 intermittent branches of Huai Pak Khok which supports water only in rainy season around the southem part of the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park. Apart from the flowing forest streams, the route also passes through the seasonally-waterlogged paddy fields at Ban Rai Pa village, and near the permanent Huai Khayeng stream. All of the above-mentioned water bodies are naturally living and spawning habitats of the native amphibians. The permanent streams also provide shelters for some reptilian species, such as Common softshell (Amyda cartilaginea), Water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), Plumbeous water snake (Enhydris plumbea), and Common checkerback (Xenochrophis flavipunctatus). 3.7.4.8 Wildlife Foodplants The field surveys conducted along the pipeline route succeeded in finding at least 62 species in 31 families of the wildlife foodplants (Appendix D Table D-5). Consumed by most of wildlife, the wild banana trees (Musa acuminata Colla) were observed. It's important is that leaves and stems are staple foods of wild elephants; inflorescences provide nectar and poliens for fruit bats of family Pteropodidae and the nectar-feeding birds (spiderhunters); ripe fruits are the main foods for various wildlife species, such as the fruit bats, the fruit-eating birds (bulbuls) and squirrels; fallen overripe fruits on the forest floors are eaten by the terrestrial-dwelling civets, ground squirrels, Northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri), and porcupines. In the natural condition, two wildlife groups of the dominant herbivores (plant feeders), mammals and birds, differently utilize plant parts as foods, depending on their respective species and feeding habits. ENV10041971261SEC-374S.0OC PAGE 3-81 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Among the indigenous mammals, the hooved herbivores, such as mouse-deer, deer, gaurs, and serows, browse tender leaves, shoots and twigs of undergrowth plants in different height levels from the ground floors. Their staple foods are dominant trees as Kuk (Lannea cor mande.';ca Merr.), Ket daeng (Daibergia dongnaiensis Pierre), Pee chan (Dalbergia cana Grah.), Phaa sian (Vitex canescens Kurz), and all bamboo species; including some fallen fruits on the forest floors, such as wild mango - Mamuang paa (Mangifera caloneura Kurz), Ma taat (Dillenia indica Linn.), wild figs (Ficus spp.), wild rose apples (Eugenia spp.), Haat (Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.), etc. Fruit bats, arboreal squirrels, macaques, and leaf monkeys feed competitively on wild fruits which sporadically present throughout the wide forested areas, especially those borned by the following trees, wild rose apples (Eugenia spp.), wild figs (Ficus spp.), Khang khaao (Aglaia pirifera Hance), Lamyai paa (Paranephelium longifoliolatum Lec.), etc. Regarding the plant-eating bird species, the fruit-eaters include fruit doves or green pigeons, parakeets, hornbills, barbets, bulbuls, starlings, and mynas, etc. They are fond of ripe fruits of the wild figs, wild rose apples, Hatsakhun (Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn.), Lueat raet (Knema globularia Warb.), etc.; while those nectar-feeders include leafbirds, spiderhunters, sunbirds and Vernal hanging parrot (Loriculus vemalis), which will tirelessly suck this sweet secretion from the brightly-coloured flowers of Ngiu paa (Bombax anceps Pierre), wild banana (Musa acuminata Colia), Lamphuu paa (Duabanga grandiflora Walp.), Thong laang paa (Erythrina subumbrans Merr.), etc. 3.7.4.9 Problems confronting the wildlife The most serious problem on the indigenous wildlife inhabiting the project area in the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park is the illegal hunting. Even though the forest-controlling units of the Royal Forestry Department's regional office have regularly patrolled the whole area and frequenily enter the site with the purpose to prepare the area for official declaration as a national park, hunting still occur widely at all the time. The present field surveys had also witnessed the actual illegal hunting of wild boars, the ENV100457125ISEC-3746.DOC PAGE 3-82 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT observed hunters were supposed to come from the nearby villages of Ban Rai Pa or Ban Huai Pak Khok. Other human activities that clearly show some impacts to the local wildlife, apart from the illegal hunting, the harvesting of bamboo shoots and dammar oils practised by the villagers from surrounding villages of the Park. The former activity is so intensively which may result to lack of bamboo shoots for wildlife foods or for their own growth recovery. The wild animals, such as gaurs, bantengs, deer, etc., will suffer from this competition and, ultimately, the whole forest ecosystem will gradually change as the preferred constituent bamboo species will become vanish, species by species, from the areas. Another serious problem expected to affect the wild elephants is illegal logging practised by the villagers from Ban Rai Pa village. The domestic elephants are used as beasts of burden to pull the logs out of the forests. Contacts between the wild and the domestic elephants around the camp sites can create competitive pressures on available foods and living spaces, and, worst of all, the domestic eiephants may spread some fatal diseases which they are immune to their vulnerable wild cousins. Therefore, control of bamboo shoot harvesting and control of domestic elephants introduction into the national park area should be stringently done. 3.8 LAND USE 3.8.1 Introduction Land use survey was undertaken along the gas pipeline from EGAT Power in Ratchaburi to Ban I-Tong in Kanchanaburi. The study area covers 100 meters strip on both side of the gas pipeline. ENVIOO487125/SEC.3746.OC= PAGE 3-83 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.8.2 Study Methodology The study of land use was carried out as the following steps: (1) Collecting Secondary Data Tonogranhic maps and land use maps ware colected from Land Development Department, and aerial photograph, scale of 1:50,000, was collected from Thai Survey Department. (2) Photo Interpretation The systematic interpretation of aerial photograph was proceeded in the office prior to the field work. (3) Field Work After obtaining the preliminary information from the above sources, field surveys and observations were conducted in consequences. The purpose of the study is to compare the information obtaining from secondary data with an actual observation. Revision and improvement of the detailed identification of land use types were finally analysed after the results of the actual field surveys and observations had been obtained. 3.8.3 Results of the Study From the study, there are 5 types of land use as: - Residential area - Agricultural area - Forestry - Others, and - Water body The details of each land use type is described as follows: ENV 10OW7 2SMEC-3745WC PAGE 3-84 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 3.8.3.1 Residential Area This land use type includes villages, govemment office, industrial factory, schools, and temples. It is found from the survey that houses along the route have been built near the highway route. Most of the houses have one storey and surrounded by fruit trees. Schools and temples are found at Chom Bung district, Ratchaburi province. Industrial factories, mostly tapioca product, are found at Muang district, Ratchaburi province. 3.8.3.2 Agricultural Area This land use type includes mostly paddy field, upland crops, mixed orchard and pasture. - Paddy field includes rainfed and irrigated areas. - Upland crops are found in very wide areas. The crops that are commonly found are sugarcane, maize, and cassava. - Mixed orchard composes of many kinds of fruit tree such as mangoes, coconut jackfruit, and bananas. - Pasture is usually grown for animal feeding. Many types of grasses such as Napier, Hybrid Napier, Rusy, and Guinea are commonly grown. Pasture is found in Sai Yok district, Kanchanaburi province. 3.8.3.3 Forestry There are 4 types of forestry in the project route, bamboo forest, mixed deciduous forest, shrubs, and forest plantation. 3.8.3.4 Others This land use type includes swamps, abandoned mine, and lateritic pits. ENV1O007t125/SEC-3746.DOC PAGE 3-85 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.8.3.5 Water Body This land use type is natural water that links mainly between Mae Klong and Kwae Noi rivers. The details nf each land use t^ype are shown in Table 3.8-i and Appendix E Figure E-1. 3.8.4 Watershed Classification The pipeline route is generally passed through the watershed class 1A and 1B which are restricted for the project development. The details of each watershed are described as follows: (1) Watershed Area Class 1A The total distance of watershed class 1A is about 18 km, covering the study area of 1,994 rais (survey areas are covered with 100 m for each side of pipeline). Most of this covering is in Kanchanaburi province at Tambon Pilok, Tambon Thakhan, Tambon Sai Yok, and Tambon Lumsum. Mixed deciduous forest, upland crops, and pasture are also found in this area. The soils of this watershed are mostly Slope Complex and few are Takli, Pakchong and Thap Kwang series which have more than 35% of slope and are shallow to very shallow in soil profiles. (2) Watershed Area Class 1B The total area of watershed class 1B is approximately 638 rais (with study area of 100 m on each side of the pipeline). All of them are the area of shifting cultivation that native grasse' are dominant. The study areas are found mostly in Kanchanaburi province at Tambon Pilok and Tambon Thakhan. Soil in these areas is classified as Slope Complex that has more than 35% of slope and the soil profile is shallow in depth. The details of watershed area 1A and B are shown in Table 3.8-2 and 3.8-3, respectively. ENvlxO0417l251SEC-374s.DCc PAGE 3-86 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.8-1 LAND USE TVPES AND AREA ALONG GAS PIPELINE Land Use Types . Area Percent (Rai) (%) Residential Area - Villages 84 0.31 - Government Office 201 0.74 - Industrial Estate 19 0.07 Agricultural Area - Rainfed Paddy 709 2.62 - Irrigation Paddy 401 1.48 - Upiand Crop 12,.785 47T20 - Mixed Orchard 861 3.18 - Pasture 259 0.96 Forest - Bamboo Forest 169 0.62 - Mixed Deciduous 4,265 15.74 - Shrubs 6,287 23.21 - Forest Plantation 919 3.39 Others - Swamp 26 0.10 - Laterite Pit 52 0.19 Water Body - Natural Water 51 0.19 Total Area 27,088 100.00 ENVt00"7126MAB3SiY.XLS PAGE 3-87 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.8-2 LOCATIONS SOIL AND LAND USE OF WATERSHED CLASS 1A No. Location Soil Land Use Area From To (Rai) I 0+000 0+200 SC Forest 5 2 0+000 2+000 SC Shifing Cultivation 246 3 3+000 6+000 SC Shifting Cultivation 376 4 8+000 9+700 SC Shifting Cultivation 214 5 10+700 10+950 SC Shifting Cultivation 17 6 12+000 12+950 SC Forest 120 7 14+800 15+400 SC Forest 39 8 15+700 16+700 SC Forest 64 9 16+700 19+700 SC Forest 376 10 19+700 20+600 SC Forest 57 11 20+600 20+900 SC Forest 39 12 20+900 21+100 SC Forest 14 13 21+100 21+400 SC Forest 39 14 22+000 23+550 SC Forest 98 15 25+200 25+800 SC Forest 39 16 27+300 27+600 SC Forest 20 17 83+400 83+800 SC Upland Crops 51 18 83+800 83+400 TwlBq Upland Crops/Pasture 76 19 87+500 87+800 Pc Forest 20 20 87+800 88+200 Tk Forest 26 21 120+300 120+700 Ty-l.ske/Ly-l.ske Forest 26 22 120+700 121+100 Si-sh Forest 26 23 121+100 121+200 Tk Forest 6 Total 1;994 ENVa04?712V1TA38 2.XLS PAGE 3-88 0 TABLE 3.8-3 LOCATIONS SOILS AND LAND USE OF WATERSHED CLASS 1B No. Location Soil ILand Use Distance Area r- 2 m From To (Rai) 1 2+000 3+000 SC Shifting Cultivation 1 125 2 5+900 8+000 SC Shifting Cultivation 2.1 263 3 9+700 10+700 SC Shifting Cultivation 1 125 4 12+950 13+950 SC Shif[ting Cultivation 1 125 Total 638 m)'V 0 C,3~1 200 +0 CShfigClivto 2 2 5+900 8+000 SC Shifting Cultivation 2.1 263~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- CD ~ ~ 3 9701+70S hfigCutvto 2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 3.9 TRANSPORTATION 3.9.1 Introduction The natu,a, gas transmission pipeiine project includes construction of an access road to the proposed site for transporting heavy construction equipment and using as maintenance roads during the operation phase. The construction of the access road, and the increase of traffic volume on adjacent route have some impact on the environment along the route. The impact assessment of the project was also studied, especially, during construction and operation periods. 3.9.2 Study Methodology The information related to transportation network and traffic volumes in the project vicinity was collected and reviewed. The field observations were made on the main road networks. 3.9.3 Results of the Study (1) Road Network There is an existing network of inter-regional, national, secondary, and provincial highways as shown in Figure 3.9-1. Most of these highways are furnished with asphaltic surface. However, there are some rural road with single treatment as lateritic surface linking between communities. The details of each highway are as follow: (a) Highway No. 323 (KANCHANABURI - THONG PHA PHUM) This highway extends to the west from highway No. 4 at km 73+000, passing through several areas including Thamaka, Tha Muang, Sai Yok, and Thong Pha Phum districts, then ends at Sangkhla Buri district of Kanchanaburi province with the total length of 330 km. It is an asphaltic surface road. (Figure 3.9-1) ENV1004IM7S26EC-49DOC PAGE 3-90 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT IE -IN POINT P ED 4.50 1*.' \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SR PROVINCl( E } THE UNION OF WYNMAR % 16 : ATC-\M LEGEND �______ GAS PIPELINE B _ ORDER {87-= NATIONAL HIGHWAY --C>- PROWdCIAL HIGHWAY RIALWAY < RIVER CANAL FIGURE 3.9-1: THE EXISTING ROAD NETWORK ENVIOO4IGURE 3.9-1 PAGE 3-91 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (b) Highway No. 3272 (THONG PHA PHUM - BAN RAI) This highway extends to the west from highway No. 323 at Thong Pha Phum district. It is an asphaltic surface road with poor condition, and the total length is 75 km. At present, it is the main road for people in local community for travelling to Thong Pha Phum district. (Figure 3.9-1). (c) Highway No.3209 (DAN MAKHAM TIA - RATCHABURI) This highway extends to the north from highway No. 3274 at section 30 km from Chom Bung district. It passes through Dan Makham Tia district and ends at Muang district, Kanchanaburi province. It is an asphaltic surface road with the total length about 50 km. (d) Highway No. 3274 (DAN MAKHAM TIA - CHOM BUNG) This asphaltic surface highway extends to the north from highway No. 3087 at Chom Bung district. The total length is about 30 km. (e) Highway No. 3085 (YANG KOH - LUM SAI) This highway connects between Ban Jorakhae Phoek of Saiyok district and Muang district, Kanchanaburi province. It is an asphaltic surface road with the total length of 55 km. It is the main road for travelling to Muang district of Kanchanaburi province. (f) Highway No. 3087 (CHOM BUNG - RATCHABURI) This highway connects between Chom Bung district and Muang district, Ratchaburi province. The total length is about 70 km. It is an asphaftic surface road. (g) Highway No. 4 This highway is the main road to the south of Thailand. The route passes from Bangkok to Nakorn Pathom, Ratchaburi, Petchaburi and ends at Yala province. The highway is an asphaltic surface road with 4 lanes. Figure 3.9-1 shows the road network in the Yadana project area and vicinity region. Besides these main roads, there are a number of existing roads branching to the main local communities in that region. Most of them are lateritic road. ENV?0OMWi7l2rSEC-9.DOC PAGE 3-92 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT (2) Traffic Volume The average daily traffic (ADT) data on the major road connecting to the project area around vicinity regions are collected from the Highways Department. The obtained results are summarized in Table 3.9-1 and 3.9-2. (a) Highway No. 323: There were 5 stations in the project area as follows: - KM. 4+830 (Muni of Kanchanaburi - Kangsen) - KM. 0+750 (Kaeng Sian - Nong Bua) - KM. 0+500 (Nong Bua - Sai Yok Noi) - KM. 59+00 (Sai Yok Noi - Sai Yok Yai) - KM. 82+200 (Sai Yok Yai - Putong) The traffic volumes on highway No. 323 at each section were in a range of 1,700-13,000 vehicles per day in 1992. In 1993, the traffic volume increased about 16-38% and increased slightly in 1994. (b) Highway No. 3272: There were 2 stations in project area as follows: - KM. 0+500 (Thong Pha Phum - Ban Lai) - KM. 14+000 (Thong Pha Phum - Ban Lai) The total traffic volume was in a range of 2,000-4,000 vehicles per day in 1993 and increased about 50% in 1994 proportion of light vehicles were about 90% while heavy vehicles were about 10% (Table 3.9-1). (c) Highway No. 3209: There were 2 stations as follows: - KM. 44+750 (Ratchaburi district - Dan Makham Tia) - KM. 53+300 (Dan Makham Tia - Kong Phasom Sat) At station of KM. 53+300, the traffic volume was about 1,900 vehicles per day in 1992 and increased to 2,200 vehicles per day in 1993. In 1994 the traffic volume decreased slightly. ENV1004197125ISEC-39.DOC PAGE 3-93 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.9-1 AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUME ON FIVE MAJOR ROUTES DURING 1992-1994 Route Control Station Year No. Section (Km.) 1992 1993 1994 LV HV . Total LV HV Total LV HV Total 301 4.830 11,825 2,024 13,849 15,751 2.289 18,040 17,492 1.706 19,198 302 0+750 4.381 812 5,193 6.021 1.152 7,173 5,912 1,591 7,503 323 400 0+500 2.688 574 3.262 3.203 601 3,804 3.978 1,251 5,229 500 59+000 1,343 455 1,798 1,728 558 2,286 2,364 434 2,798 600 82+200 - - 1,398 329 1.727 3272 101 0+500 1,442 153 1,595 2,998 513 3,511 101 14+000 . 440 25 465 667 34 701 3209 202 44+750 _ . 1.198 618 1,816 301 53+300 1,576 336 1.912 1.729 527 2.256 1.791 235 2026 3274 100 1+000 - . 2.019 445 2464 1,797 382 Z179 3085 100 0+500 1,015 285 1,300 1,030 253 1,283 1,109 185 1,294 101 16+000 4,158 806 4,964 4,351 745 5,096 51.559 833 52.392 3087 102 0+500 1,960 515 2,475 1,9E6 592 2.578 2,592 655 3.247 103 28+000 4,115 470 4.585 3.847 1.125 4,972 5,458 484 5,942 104 0+500 - - - 312 23 335 450 47 497 4 0409 93+580 11,424 8,380 19.804 11,304 9.539 22,843 19.175 9,191 28.365 Remark LV Light Vehicles : Car and Text, Light Bus, Light Truck HV . Heay Vehicles: Heavy Bus. Medium Truck, HeavV Truxk Source DeDanment of Highway. ENV100497129aAS3e-1.XLS PAGE 3-94 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.9-2 PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFICVrrlC Lv'uE BETWEEN LIGHT VEHICLES AND HEAVY VEHICLES ON MAJOR ROUTES Route Control Station Year No. Section (Km.) 1992 1993 1994 LV HV LV HV LV HV 301 4+830 85.39 14.61 87.31 12.69 91.11 8.89 302 0+750 84.36 15.64 83.93 16.07 18.79 21.21 323 400 0+500 82.40 17.60 54.20 15.80 76.07 23.93 500 59+000 74.69 25.31 75.59 24.41 84.48 15.52 600 82+200 - - - 80.94 19.06 3272 101 0+500 - 90.40 9.60 85.38 14.62 101 14+000 - 94.62 5.38 95.14 4.86 3209 202 44+750 - - 65.96 34.04 301 53+300 82.42 17.58 76.64 23.36 88.40 11.60 3274 100 1+000 - 81.93 18.07 82.46 17.54 3085 100 0+500 77.83 22.17 80.28 19.72 85.70 14.30 101 16+000 83.76 16.24 85.38 14.62 86.09 13.91 3087 102 0+500 79.19 20.81 77.03 22.97 79.82 20.18 103 28+000 89.74 10.26 77.37 22.63 91.85 8.15 104 0+500 93.13 6.87 90.54 9.46 4 0404 93+580 57.69 42.31 58.25 41.75 67.60 32.40 Remark LV = Light Vehicles Car and Taxi, Light Bus, Light Truck HV = Heavy Vehicles: Heary Bus, Medium Truck, Heavy Truck Source Department of Highway. ENV1oo04J71261rAa3.2xLS PAGE 3-95 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (d) Highway No. 3274: There was 1 station as follows: - KM. 1+000 (JCT.R. 3219 (Nong Phlap - Yang Chum) This station had total traffic volume in a range of 2,100-2,400 vehicles per day in 1993. Light v ehicles and hmam^t veihicle on himhwA,M/ h3dH 3 nr^M ,4^ 0 and 20%, respectively. (e) Highway No. 3085: There was 1 station as follows: - KM. 0+500 (JCT.R. 3209 (Yang Koh - Lam Sai) This station had total traffic volume is a range of 1,200-1,300 vehicles per day in 1992-1994. The volume slightly changed in each year. Prportion of light vehicles were about 77-85% while heavy vehicles were about 15-23% (Table 3.9-2). (f) Highway No. 3087: There were 4 stations in this project area as follows: - KM. 16+000 (Ratchaburi - Bypass Chom Bung) - KM. 0+500 (Bypass Chom Bung) - KM. 28+000 (Bypass Chom Bung (B) - Bypass Chom Bung (E)) - KM. 0+500 (JCT. Chom Bung) At first three stations, the traffic volumes on this highway in each section were in a range of 2,400-5,200 vehicles per day in 1992 and increased to 2,600- 5,200 vehicles per day in 1994. Whereas at KM. 0+500 had only about 330 vehicles per day. In 1994, the traffic volume in each station increased about 9-25% (g) Highway No. 4: There was selected 1 station as follow: - KM. 93+930 - KM. 106-189 The traffic volumes on Highway No. 4 in this section which is nearby the gas transmission pipeline were in a range of 11,000-20,00 vehicles per day in 1992. In 1994, the traffic volume in this section increased about 40%. (3) Rail Roads The major railroad is the Southem railway, destination at Sungai Ko Lok district bordered to Malaysia. The pipeline intersects this railroad at Amphoe Maung ENV104I712WJSiC-n.DOC PAGE 3-96 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Ratchaburi province. The vicinity railroad system is the Westem railway, this railway crosses pipeline at Nong Pla Duk Junction to Kanchanaburi province and end at Sai Yok waterfaii. (4) Navigation The waterways around the project area are Kwae Noi, Lam Pha Chi, Sai Yok and Mae Klong rivers which carry water all year round. These rivers are not a major mean of transportation in the project area. 3.10 COMPENSATION 3.10.1 Introduction The gas pipeline from Yadana source in Myanma will be joined with the pipeline in Thailand at Ban I Tong, Tambon Pilok, Kanchanaburi province. The pipeline system will be laid directly from Ban I Tong to Electric Power Plant in Ratchaburi province with the distance of 250 km. The study area vjas emphaziced on covering 20 meters strips along the pipeline route in Thailand. 3.10.2 Study Methodology The assessment of compensation issues along the gas pipeline has been divided into following tasks: (1) Identifying and mapping the main land uses requiring for compensation such as houses and tree crops; (2) Assessing the land, houses, and crops value in the affected areas land use. 3.10.3 Results of the Study The compensation in the project considered about land, houses and crops value. The details of each compensation types are described as the following: ENVIODWg7125S5EC.39,DOC PAGE 3-97 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT (1) Land Land value is estimated by: - Common market price obtained by interviewing local people who reside in tkh project area, and - Government price assessed by Land Department. The price of land will be readjusted in 1996; and it is estimated that 20% will be increased. In this report the potential of land price in 1996-2000 was used as the value index. The compensation value for land is calculated from private land covering with 20 meters in each side of the pipeline. Total area of 234.5 km long and 40 meters wide is equal to 5,863 rais. Within this area, only 1,842 rais belong to private properties. In addition, private land along the route usually has owner holding land tities but some has not. The estimation of land price is the average land price from common market price and government price in each Amphoe. The total value of land to be compensated is equivalent to 334,897,500 baht. The details of land price in each location are shown also in Table 3.10-1 and 3.10-2. (2) Houses There are 26 houses and police stations within 20 meters on both side of the pipeline. Most of the houses are commonly located in Amphoe Muang and Amphoe Chombung, Ratchaburi province. All of the houses have been classified into 7 pattems. Each patterns of house will be calculated in terms of the price per unit, cost of demolition and price of construction for the compensation. The illustration of each house pattern is shown in Figure 3.10-1 to 3.10-7. The total price for the house compensation is approximately 3,696,337 baht (Table 3.10-3). (3) Crops The results showed that the total areas of 1,665 rais are crop fields sincluding 1,205 rais of sugarcane, 160 rais of paddy, 127 rais of maize, 102 rai of cassava, and 37 rai of mixed orchard. The compensation value for these crops is based on the ENV1004SI25MSEC-39DOC PAGE 3-98 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.10-1 POTENTIAL LAND PRICE IN 1996 - 2000 Unit: Baht/rai Amphoe, Province Potential Government Market Price Average Price Price Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi 12,000 - 60,000 20,000 - 90,000 60,000 Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi 10,000 - 60,000 30,000 - 3,000,000 90,000 Muang, K-h^anaburi 6 000 - 60.000 20,000 - 200,000 50,000 Dan Makham Tiea, Kanchanaburi 20,000 - 240,000 30,000 - 3,000,000 75,000 Chom Bung, Ratchaburi 30,000 - 1,200,000 50,000 - 1,500,000 175,000 Muang, Ratchaburi 80,000 - 4,000,000 20,000 - 5,000,000 600,000 PAGE 3-99 ENlV1OO4j97126/TA31O-l.XLS EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.10-2 LAND VALUE IN THE PROJECT AREA (20 METERS WIDE) Amphoe, Province Area Average Price Total (Ral) (Baht/Rai) Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi 297.5 60,000 17,850,000 Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi 509.0 90,000 45,810,000 Muang, Kanchanaburi 107.5 50,000 5,375,000 Dan Makham Tia, Kanchanaburi 200.0 75,000 15,000,000 Chom Bung, Ratchaburi 437.5 175,000 76,562,500 Muang, Ratchaburi 290.5 600,000 174,300,000 Total 1,842 334,897,500 ENV100W712/TAW310.2.VLS PAGE 3-100 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 2.00 4.00 p2.00, I 2.00 3.00 , 3.00 , 2.00- 0 0 00 0C 0 ~~~~~~~~~0 o "M~~~~~~~~~M FLOOR AREA 16 m CONSTRUCTION COST = 22.843 BATH ESTIMATED COMPEN-SATION COST = 13,527 BATH ILAVERAGE PER SQ.M. 845 BATH NVlOO4.f4GURE 3 PAG 310 1.20 2.30 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 _' 1 I 3 ,L' { II 0~~~~~~~~~ 0 0 0 .~~~~~~~~~ . _ '~~~4#4 ROOF :ROMAN TILE SHEET WALL :WOODEN PLANK &BLOCK FLOOR :CONCRETE FLOOR AREA 96 m CONSTRUCTION COST = 241,084 BAHT ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 148,618 BAHT AVERAGE PER SQ.M. = 1,548 BAHT .NVSOO4ffIGU~ 110.2 PTEAM FIGURE 3.10-2 : MODEL M 2 .z EWtlGURE ltV2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PAGE 3-102 0 2.00 Z.50 2.50 00 2.50 2.50 1.00 p 1 nr . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2012~~~~~~~~~~ ROOF METAL SHEET WALL WOODEN PLANK FLOOR WOODEN PLANK FLOOR AREA 35 Mr CONSTRUCTION COST = 156,062 BAHT ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 69,327 BAHT AVERAGE PER SQ.M. = 1.981 BAHT .v'OO4~I~U~E ~ P TEAM FIGURE 3.10-3: MODEL M 3E cpvv04lGUvl;;RE 3 'C.3 PAGE 3-103 3.00 3.00 IC 3.00 3.00 4.00 0 0~~~~~~~~~~ 0 0 0t wi 4~~~~~~~~~~~~--'. 7~~~~ ROOF METAL SHEET ~~~~~~' '1" WALL :BLOCK FLOOR :CONCRETE FLOOR AREA :96 m2 CONSTRUCTION COST = 175,700 BAHT ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 152,978 BAHT AVERAGE PER SQ.M. = 1,594 BAHT| TEAM FIGURE 3.10-4: MODEL M 4 E EwToQ&*'sGuFw 3.10~ - PAGE 3-104 1 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 ---+ I ~~~~~;;. NOI 0~~~~~~~~~~~ o ~~~~~~~~~~o -6-H M ROOF ROMAN TILE SHEET WALL BRICK FLOOR CONCRETE FLOOR AREA 64 m2 CONSTRUCTION COST = 108.946 BAHT ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 113.056 BAHT AVERAGE PER SQ M. = 1.766 BAHT P 3-15TEAM FIGURE 3.10-5 : MODEL M 5E z?4vio0O.-;-RE 3 11 5 PAGE 3-105 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 0 . 1' D~~~~~~ :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;: -"-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i WALL :BAMBOO FLOOR :GROUND FLOOR AREA :30 m2 CONSTRUCTION COST = 14,416 BAHT ESTIMATED COMPENSAT-ION COST = 15.670 BAHT AVERAGE PER SQ.M. 522 BAHT| _ ~~~~~~TEAM FIGURE 3.10-6 : MODEL M 6 .2 ENVION&URE .10- PAGE 3-106 F ~ T003._00 .U 300300 ;.o .oT.f 8 S~*8 ROOF METAL SHEET WALL FLOOR GROUND FLOOR AREA 81 m CONSTRUCTION COST = 47,611 BAHT ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 34.469 BAHT AVERAGE PER SOM. = 426 BAHT - --. | v PTEAM FIGURE 3.10-7: MODEL M 7| E _t1s 'JC4t^GwRf 3 *Q-- ~~~~~~~~~~PAGE 3-107 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 3.10-3 HOUSING PATTERNS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE Pattern Unit Price No. of Area Total Value (sq.meter) Houses (sq.meter) (Baht) Ml 845 39 156 131,820 M2 1,548 4 549 849,852 M3 1,981 4 359 711,179 M4 1,594 13 593 945,242 M5 1,766 3 198 349,668 M6 522 3 139 72,558 M7 426 14 1,493 636,018 Total 80 3,696,337 ENV100j97126.'TAR3lO3.XL.S PAGE 3-108 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT information of Royal Irrigation Department. The value per rai is 4,000 bahts for sugarcane, 2,500 bahts/rai for paddy, 1,000 bahts for maize, 2,00O bahts for cassava, and 43,995 bahts for mix orchard. The total amount of compensation for crops is approximately 8,674,645 bahts (as shown in Table 3.10-4). The Appendix F Figure F-1 showns location of properties along the gas pipeline route. 3.10.4 The Processes of Compensation Timing and processes of compensation are very important for the project. If the compensation time is delayed for long period or the compensation value is not satisfied by the affected people, they may created serious trouble to the project. To prevent these problems, compensation committee should be set up. (1) Compensation Committee The main function of this committee is to organize the implemented policies for compensation payment, including the optimum rates for different categories of properties, the procedures of compensation payment, and the time schedule. The committee should consist of the following members: - Representatives from Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi province; - Provincial Land Right Officers from Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces; - Provincial Agricultural officers from Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces; - Provincial Forestry Officers from Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces, and - PTT representative. ENV1004/971251SEC-39.OC PAGE 3-109 TABLE 3.10-4 THE VALUE OF CROP COMPENSATION Kind of Crops Area Compensation Total (Rai) (BahtlRai) Sugarcane 1,205 4,000 4,820,000 Paddy 160 2,500 400,000 Maize 127 1,000 127,000 Cassava 102 2,000 204,000 Mixed Orchard 71 43,995 3,123,645 Total 1,665 8,674,645 ENVlOOd12SflAU31O4.XCLS PAGE 3-110 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT (2) Working Groups The compensation committee has full authorty to appoint the working groups and to handle the detailed works in each specific area. The working groups will report directly to the compensation committee. 3.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 3.11.1 Objectives The main purpose of this study is to evaluate socio-economic condition of the affected people in the study area. This includes the people awareness and attitudes toward the project as well as the project impact on them. The recommendations and means for improving situation or reducing people hardship impacted from construction and operation -of the project are also solicited. 3.11.2 Scope of the Study The socio-economic survey covered an area within 100 meters from both sides of the proposed gas pipeline route, around 250 km in length starting from Ban I-Tong of Thong Pha Phum district in Kanchanaburi province to EGAT power plant at Muang Ratchaburi district, Ratchaburi province. The study area lies within 6 administrative districts in 2 provinces, i.e., Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok, Dan Makham Tha, and Muang Kanchanaburi districts in Kanchanaburi province, and Chom Bung, Muang Ratchaburi districts of Ratchaburi province. Details of the study area are shown in Figure 3.11-1. 3.11.3 Methods of the Study Two methods of study are employed, i.e., collecting information from secondary data to present the overview of the primary socio-economic information, and field survey to present an up-date and in-depth information of both affected households and related organization/agencies. ENV1004/97125/SEC-31 1.DOC'PAGE 3-111 ffi t~~~~~~~'. 4(4P X15 r , *'4o , n '*s'4 100' o00 (00' (i (00 30. m Do' ioo' s' -Io'OI 0 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 X m s B Sc"*oencb^wA ' ? { ' ' I I ' 1 W- <K I GRAPHIC S ALE Z I ' A | | , 4fIBAN OAO tADUNG ta,,, .,, m > j t | + 5 fl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 AN KHUAIN PAKlE XHGP , 5I0.40alIA P11044 -;- ~A < , *S I BAN ING I m op 01 En' -}; 2 ' J E S aRINAKHARIN US \ \ ' ' 1 AANUTHUGIIA I MYANMAIR a \-,4nX , 12 BAN SI YAEK KHA O NG U O (~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' I 'S, tJl ; A IL 'A H SB e ll S. C .. tI 4 Q P A N P HC T Cfl*,10WA1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~10A A.AKAn 1*4 4O46'OIIMJAN ~~ A. CHOA BUNC A/SAUI BHIAN r1N IAC .~~~~~ y' *^4Ot"U 12 t ff ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. B.l 40 *AIIIR N ON -F, ,^ C) 00 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~owo 1!AM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ w FIGURE 3.11-1: THE VILLAGES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INTERVIEWED EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Generally, secondary data refers to various documents and research reports relating to socio-economic condition of the area. These were reviewed and analyzed for systematic presentation. The secondary data include: - Summary report of Kanchanaburi province, 1995, - Summary report of Ratchaburi province, 1995, - Summary report of Thong Pha Phum district, 1995, - Summary report of Sai Yok district, 1995, - Summary report, of Muang Kanchanaburi district, 1995, - Summary report of Dan Makham Tia district, 1995, - Summary report of Chom Bung district, 1995, - Summary report Muang Ratchaburi district, 1995, and - Environmental Monitoring Services of PTT-Natural Gas Parallel Pipeline Project, 1995. The primary data were obtained frorf- field survey in the study are3. The surey methods are presented as below: (1) Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique: There are two major types of affected groups observed in the study area. The first category is the directly affected people who live in the 100 metres strip along both sides of proposed gas pipeline route, comprising approximately 40 villages. The second group is the related governmental agencies and business sector in the study area. The sample size and sampling technique applied for two groups of populations are different as follows: (a) For the first group, the population of some communities are found to be scattered around villages and some of which are at the edge of boundary line, the others are sparsely populated and have a small number of affected households (less than 10.0%). These villages are excluded from the survey for practical reason. Therefore, the 12 selected villages are the relatively crowded communities and have a large number of affected households; they are Ban I-Tong, Huai Pak Khok, and Kui Yae villages in Thong Pha ENV1O04197125/EC-31 1.0DC PAGE 3-113 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Phum district; Kaeng Raboet, Yang Thon, Phu Noi, and Dao Wa Dung villages in Sai Yok district; Lum Sai village in Muang Kanchanaburi; Dan Makham Tia, and Tha Plab in Dan Makham Tia district; Thung Chaeng of Chom Bung district, and Si Yaek Khao Ngu in Muang R atcaburl district. About 10.0 percent of households in each sample village are randomly picked. The sample size was 136 respondents. The data were collected using questionnaire. More details are shown in Table 3.11-1. (b) Among the second group, 30 samples from related government organizations, e.q., Ministry of Commerce, local government organizations, and related business enterprises such as bank, resorts, and restaurant operators, are selected for the in-depth interview, (Details are shown in Appendix G Table G-1). (2) Questionnaire Structure The questionnaire structure for the first group of sampie composes of 4 major parts as follow: (Details are shown in Appendix G - Form A and B) (a) Socio-economic of the households, e.g., age, sex, education, working status, occupation, income, and expenditure; (b) Awareness and attitude toward the project; (c) Impacts derived from the project; (d) Opinion and suggestion to solve undesirable consequences. The questionnaire for in-depth interview with the second group respondents covers main issues almost the same as 'the first group questionnaire' but somewhat shorter. (3) The Pre-test of Questionnaire The questionnaire was pre-tested for its validity both in context and in linguistic ability. The pre-test was done among non-sample households in the study area on the 13-14 June, 1995. After that, it was revised and improved to be ready for the field suNrvey. ENV1t0OMSm1EC,31ID=C PAGE 3-114 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT 1-INAL HtFUH I TABLE 3.11-1 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD CLASSIFIED BY AFFECTED VILLAGE Village Vill. Sub-District District No. of No. of Number Households Respondents 1. I-Tong 1 Pi lok Thong Pha Phum 72 8 2. Huai Pak Khok 7 Huai Kayeang Thong Pha Phum 102 10 3. Kui Yae 2 Lin Thin Thong Pha Phum 147 15 4. Kaeng Raboet 4 Tha Sao Sai Yok 101 10 5. Yang Thon 3 Sri Mongkhol Sai Yok 137 14 6. Phu Noi 7 Lum Sum Sai Yok 143 14 7. Dao Wa Dung 6 Sai Yok Sai Yok 55 6 8. Lum Sai 9 Ban kao Muang Kanchanaburi 115 12 9. Dan Makham Tia 1 Dan Makham Tia Dan Makham Tia 124 12 10. Tha Plab (Tha Phu) 10 Dan Makham Tia Dan Makham Tia 137 14 11. Thung Chaeng 2 Kam On Chom Bung 90 9 12. Si Yaek Khao Ngu 3 Ko Plab Pla Muang Ratchaburi 124 12 Total 1.347 136 ENVION4/N71261TA821 1-.DOC PAGE 3-115 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPO 6.2.2 Hydrology 6.2.2.1 Construction Period The construction activities between KPO-KP30 must be done during the season. Plant Yar Fag (Vertiveria sp.) and Legumes along the pipeline ROW as sc as the pipe is buried to reduce erosion. Both sides of the trench should have the slope of less than 60% to prev erosion. - Stabilize stream beds to the same condition to prevent stream scouring. - Set up strip cropping along the slope where suitable to reduce erosion. - Clean up the stream banks to original condition to reduce erosion waterways. 6.2.2.2 Operation Period - Regularly check the stability of slope along the pipeline especially along t KP30. - Maintain strip cropping and covering vegetation along the pipeline roL good condition at all time. 3 6.2.3 Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology p. 6.2.3.1 Construction Period Pt - Do not grade the entire right-of-way in the proximity of the waterway, only near the ROW enough for the working area. 3r - Concentrate the major pipe-laying activities, e.g., grading, clearing, op crossing, etc. must be between November to May. Iv, ENV1OO4t71251CHAP-6.0OC PA EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT INTERVIEW WITH PEOPLES IN BAN THUNG CHANG INTERVIEW WITH VILLAGE LEADER OF BAN I-TONG PHOTO 3.1 1-1 :SOCIO-ECONOMIC / ATTITUDE INTERVIEWED ENV1004/97126ISEC-31 1.OOC PAGE 3-117 _ .. ~ . _..AA A|W ) r X r cLIrm rn.i,j c,. I IlNAL MHcU Iu T-~1'. - - - I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rNLK:f) * '~ '~h Id~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l INTERVIEW WITH OFFICER OF PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, SAI YOK DISTRICT INTERVIEW WITH MANAGER OF THAI COMMERCIAL BANK, DAN MAKHAM TIA BRANCH PHOTO 3.11-2 :KEY INFOMRNT FOR IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW ENV1'0 :./7125/EC-31 l .OC PAGE 3-118 cu,, W.n- I fw- I r..mnn wr , r rCLIrtC rrnucvt- rlNM^L ntrVj n The village land area is about 140 rais and 55.5 rais classified as residential area, and the rest are farmland and common ground for public use. All of the land in this village is boundary of reserved forest. In addition, the other villages in the project area which are located in Kanchanaburi province, include Ban Huai Pak Khok, are in the boundary of reserved forest, or in military, or in co-operative colonization areas. The second type is being flat land and most of them are in Ratchaburi province, from Chom Bung to Muang Ratchaburi districts. It is classified as the established farming communities. The most people are farmers. Major planting crops are cash crops, e.g., maize, tapioca, sugar cane, cotton, and fruit trees. The main occupations of people living along the gas pipeline are farmer and labour. The wage rate is 60-135 bahts per day for farm work and 60-200 bahts per day for off-farm work. Those who receive 200 bahts per day are mostly found in factories situated in the areas of Dan Makham Tia and Tha Plab. Social structure is expressed dominantly in tradition and custom conservation and group or community solidarity. Modem social facilities, such as schools, hospitals, village library, and church or Wat, were found almost in every village. Many villages have small post-offices. Indicating that living condition in the area is reasonably good with convenient communication network and social facilities except for those living in Thong Pha Phum and Sai Yok district where most lands are being high and mountainous. 3.11.4.2 Household Study (1) Socio-economic Characteristic of Respondents and their Households The vast majority of respondents (80.89%) was household heads or their spouses. Sex of respondents is almost equal with the male ratio being a little higher (52.21% for male and 47.79% for female). In term of age, 86.03% of them were in the working age (20-60 yrs.). However, those between 31-40 years were categorized as the largest group (30.88%), and the average age was 43.15 years old. ENVI 00"47125M5EC-311IDOC PAGE 3-119 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT The majority of respondents had low education status, i.e., 69.85% were completed only primary school level and 11.03% had no schooling. Most of them were Buddhists (99.26%). More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-2. MajoriLy ol responuents U/070% were not born'in The study area. Most of them migrated from villages within the province and nearby provinces in the western region. The main reason for in-migration was economic situation (62.75%), i.e., to fine job and seek for agricultural land. The next was social reason (coming with parents 19.61% and for marriage 13.73%). Only 1.96% in-migrate because they like this atmosphere. These migrants have lived in this area in considerably long times, average of 23.57 years. More details are discussed in Appendix G Table G-3. Family size of respondents' was relatively small, averaging 4.31 persons per household. The sex ratio of family members was almost identical with female a little larger (51.28%). The average age of household members was 43.00 years old. In term of working status, the majority of respondents were employed (64.04%) (details in Appendix G Table G-4). Among the various occupations, farmer (58.09%) and trading (30.0%) were the main occupations. The other occupations with smaller percentage were agricultural labour (4.41%), off-farm labour (94.41%), industrial worker (2.94%), mineral worker (2.21%), and government/state enterprise services. However, more than a half (53.68%) of respondents had supplementary occupations mostly hired as labour, trading, and farmer (72.6%, 15.07%, and 12.33%, respectively). More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-5. Average monthly income of respondents (9,176 bahts per HH. or 2,129 bahts per person) is lower than national average monthly income (15,619 bahts per person, cited from NESDB, 1995). In the expenditure side, it was relatively high, average of 8,960 bahts per month per household (or 2,078.89 bahts per person). Details are also shown in Appendix F Table F-6. Though monthly income is a little higher than expenditure, it is not enough for productive investment, or for quality of life improvement, or for emergency expenditure. This situation corresponds with the debts, borrowing for agricultural activities ENVIlO4M7125SEC-31 1.C PAGE 3-120 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (64.29%), for daily consumption (23.81 %), for buying assets (9.52%), and for education (2.38%). More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-6. It was reported that each household owns 1.06 houses in the average and owns considerable large plots of land in average of 47.81 rais per HH (see more details in Appendix G Table G-7). For residential land status, the majority of respondents (69.12%) owns their land. Some of them (12.50%) used other people's land for free of charge. Furthermore, 9.56% were living in the boundary of reserved forest or of military area (more details in Appendix G Table G-8). For farm land, more than quarter of respondents (39.56%) own their land, 19.12% cultivating in reserved forest, 15.44% renting the land, and the rest use other people's land for free of charge (more details in Appendix G Table G-8). In case of transportation, more than a half of respondents (58.09%) reported that they could access to asphalt road which can be used all year round. The rest used laterite/dirt road and with rough surface. In some parts of the study area; especialiv at Ban ITong, travelling was inconvenient in the rainy season (more details in Appendix G Table G- 9). (2) Awareness and Attitude Toward the Project When asking for their awareness of the project, only 41.18% of respondents knew about and 58.82% did not. Among those who knew, 42.86% received the information from neighbours, 35.72% from mass media, and the rest from government officers, local leaders, and project officials. However, when discussing further, most of them did not know much in details of the project. The majority of them (80.88%) knew only that the project would pass their land, while 17.65% considerably understood the project nature, and 1.47% had good understanding. Showing that most of the villager still do not understand about the project. However, some of them are worried about the safety of gas pipeline. About a half of respondent (47.06%) did not trust in the safety measures of the project, while 25.74% were considerably confident, and only 27.2% were fully confident. ENV1O04M7125EC-311IOC PAGE 3-121 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Even though they did not know much about the project and some still worries about its safety measures, most of them (79.41%) agreed with having the project in this area. Reasons of favourable attitudes were ranked as following: increasing of energy I/ p ver for the niaition 7 economic progress for the community (19.44%); and more working capacities for local people (8.33%). Only 3.68% of respondents did not agree with the project. Among those who had unfavourable attitude, their reasons were afraid of gas leakage and untrust in safety measures. More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-10. (3) Impacts Derived from the Project (a) During Construction Period Based on the interview about impact on individual and family, 64.71% of respondents believed that the project will contributed positive impact mainly on economic terms, for example, more job opportunities and employment, active local trading, and increaseing land price. Another benefit mentioned is anticipated road, because they think that PTT will construct a road along the pipeline route. For those who believed in negative impact, they worried about inconvenient transportation (35.14%), air and noise pollution, and untrust in safety measures. However, there are some of them concerned about deforestation (5.41 %). On the view of impacts on the communities and surrounding areas, most of the opinions are similar to that of impacts on individual and family. In addition, another expected positive impact was reducing of deforestation. The reason is that some people may be hired by the project, thus, reducing the need of people deforestation for survival. More details are also shown in Appendix G Table G-1 1. From these opinion, it can be concluded that majority of people is expected in the positive impacts derived from the project. (b) After Construction Period Because there are some people had no idea about project impact, percentage of those who expect positive impacts and negative impacts from the project decreased. However, percentage of those who expect positive impacts on the communities ENVI 004,9J25dSEC.311.DOC PAGE 3-122 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT was greater than impacts on individual and themselves. Positive impacts are mainly related to economic concem n.m poer to use in intrv annh buness sectors more iob requirement, active trading, and convenient road for transportation. Expected negative impacts on individual and family, and communities and surrounding areas were related to safety rneasures in term of accidents, to Karens' provocation, and to low value of land price. More details are also shown in Appendix G Table G-12. (4) Opinion and Suggestion (a) Opinion on Compensation The majority of people agreed to cooperate with the project if there is a fair compensation, but 13.24% were not confident in cooperation. The cooperation of those who were not confident depended on PTT's compensation rate, amount of expropriated land, and majority voice of affected people. Only 1.47% did not agree with any compensation. Their main reasons were afraid of accidents from gas pipeline leaking, and afraid of changing of their life. (b) Opinion on Rights to Use of Land for the Project The 80.89% of respondents accepted PIT's rights to use of land for gas pipeline both twithout any condition' (16.18%) and 'with fair/right compensation* (64.71 %). While 8.82% were not sure but depending on PTT's compensation rate, the majority voice, and land owner decision. Another 8.82% did not accept. Their main reasons were concem of gas explosion and expectation in low value of land price. (More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-13). (c) Opinion on Appropriate Compensation: Methods and Conditions The main criteria needed, according to respondents opinion, was compensation rate that should be closed to the actual market price and should be reasonably varied according to the affected conditions (73.53%). Some also raised the point that the land should be appropriated instead of applying the right over land. The main ENVlOG417126StEC-311 DOC PAGE 3-123 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT condition for paying the compensation proposed by respondents was that the compensation should be paid in lump sum at once (71.32%). Another condition proposed was that the affected people should be represented in compensation committee, and PTT must provide n. ' vVh thei familiar cou[i-io (more Udtil aleso shown in Appendix G Tabie G-14). In addition, respondents suggested that the project should be constructed to prevent power shortage (5.56%) and should have effective PR program (11 .1 1 %). In addition, the project should take particular attention to safety measures and to accidental / dangerous controls of gas pipeline. (more details are shown in Appendix G Table G-15). From the above information, the status of people in the project area can be concluded under the present socio-economic condition that their income is higher than their expenditure. Most of them have their own house and land, and they live in small family size with strong attachment to the communities. Form this information, these communities have high potential for further development, and should not against the project. Furthermore, some of communities in the project area have been located in the reserved forest or military area which easily applying the right-over land. From the overall information, present socio-economic conditions trend to be beneficial to the implementation of project. 3.11.4.3 In-depth Study The in-depth interviews were done among 30 respondents who represented as local government officials (46.67%), business owners (20.00%), i.e., hotel, food shop and hardware store, bankers (16.67%), and local leaders (16.67%). Two-third (66.67%) of them were in the active working age (30-50 yrs.). The average age was 42.10 years old. The majoriLy of them attained considerably high, education level, i.e., 83.34% completed in secondary school or higher, and a half held bachelor degree or higher level. More details are presented in Appendix G Table G-16. ENV1O4,97125iSEC-31 DO:C PAGE 3-124 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT They were also asked for their awareness and attitude toward the project, for *&ei iueas abouft expeted impaCtM. deived from the pef {r add4itiona opinion or tfnl IUtd dLUL Au.IU IIIJO. UerlIVUU IlIJISI LIl .W - S'.1 WtAfLS jII I 'JjJ'VI suggestions about the project, and for other related results. Results are presented as below: (1) Awareness and Attitude Toward the Project In case of in-depth interview, it was found that all respondents (100.00%) perceived the project information. Most of them (83.33%) obtained the information from the other persons, especially, the outsiders, i.e., PTT officials (23.33%), district/provincial government officials (20.00%), TEAM officials (13.33%), and solders of Thai-Burmese Border Patrol Military units (more details in Appendix G Table G-17). The period of receiving information was around one year ago (started from the end of 1994). However, when observed further about details of the project most of them did not know much in details. The majority of them (73.33%) knew only where the project is situated (correct answer). The remaining knew more about the place where the raw gas would be tapped and the expected impacts on local people. There indicated that some key-persons interviewed still do not understand about the main activities of project correctly (Appendix G Table G-17). However, the result of study shows that all of these key-persons (100.00%) had positive attitude toward the project by expressing their agreement. The favourable attitude were related with the project's role, ranking from contributing to economic expansion of the community especially during construction period (43.33%), serving as the national energy supply in term of producing electricity (36.67%), increasing job opportunity for locals (30.00%), and providing good relationship between affected people and the state since the project creates more coordination among government officials and local people (10.00%). Details are more presented in Appendix G Table G-17. (2) Expected Impacts Derived from the Project The majority of respondents did not perceive any impacts from the project to the following aspects: land use (100.00%), land price (73.33%), education (100.00%), health aspect (83.33%), and the local landscape and recreational spots (80.00%). ENVJIODS7I2EjEC-311mc PAGE 3-125 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT However, the important positive impact of the project, according to their perception, was that it would stimulate economic expansion in local area, particularly during the construction period leading to provide additional working opportunity, and to increase Uemand of coU1stL1UULctiU materia-0's1I, IfUU, 01dIU IUoUIHdi. I ULheImore, 'and wi" beIII UdeleVIU' in term of emerging industries which use electricity or its derivatives, especially in Ratchaburi province. In addition, the project could affect the increasing of co-operation between the public and the private sectors in development of the project area (60.00%). Main negative impact which they worried about is the project's safety measures (13.33%), both about gas-pipe system and about disturbance from the minorities around the border area. More details in Appendix G Table G-18. (3) Additional Opinions and Suggestions Among the respondent opinions and suggestions, the highest response (83.33%) was related with the effective public relation of the project. The next was concerning about disturbance from hilltribe along Burma border (66.67%). The othrs were coordinating atmosphere with local government officials (23.33%), and participation rate for local development (23.33%). In addition, they also suggested in carefully considering and closely supervising of foreign immigrants worker in the project area. Moreover, the project officials should closely supervise the sub-contractor to work carefully, systematically, and seriously on the project. More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-19. 3.12 PUBLIC HEALTH 3.12.1 Introduction The possible health hazards created by the natural gas pipeline project are air pollutants, wastewaters, and solids wastes. The improper uses of equipment or lack of safety measures and health care systems can also directly or indirectly affect the worker health. In addition, traffic events and other accidents could induce damage to public safety in the nearby areas. Therefore, mitigation measures need to be emphasized in this report. ENV1004A7125MSEC.31 DOC PAGE 3-126 ELA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.12.2 Objectives (1, To assess al Ol Ve"eCt duin g coWnstruIction ph.ase to public Iea4, Iinlui accidents of workers, effects of dust, and main impact of environmental change. (2) To assess the general information of public health with emphasis on the local inhabitants living nearby the gas pipeline. (3) To recommend the mitigation measures to avoid or reduce hazardous impact from the project implementation. 3.12.3 Method of Study and Scope Health information was collected directly from public health office of Thong Pha Phum, Saiyok, and Dan Makham Tia district in Kanchanaburi province, and Chom Bung, Muang Ratchaburi, in Ratchaburi province. The information includes health personnel, general public health condition and aids, and venereal diseases condition. Some health personnel were interviewed, and some parts of patient record were reviewed. Influential groups and members of household in the project area were discussed to determine the nature and causes of skin and respiratory problems. 3.12.4 Results of the Study (1) Public Health Personnels (a) Thong Pha Phum District, Saiyok District and Dan Makham Tia District; Kanchanaburi Province The maximum number of public health community personnel, the biggest personnel group, in Thong Pha Phum district is 39, and in Saiyok and Dan Makham Tia district are 30 and 20, respectively. The second biggest group of the public health personnel is the technical nurses and the third is the professional nurses. For the physician, there are 4 physicians each in Thong Pha Phum and Saiyok districts, but there are only two in Dan Makham Tia district. It is noticed that there are not anesthetist in Sai Yok and Dan ENVI0041971255EC-31iDOC PAGE 3-127 tIA U- YALANA NA I UMAL jAb FiftLINtI tIiUJtCi FINAL REPORT Makham Tia district and no dental assistant in Thong Pha Phum and Sai Yok districts. (More details are shown in Appendix H Table H-1). The ratios of physician per population in Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok, and Dan Makham Tia district are about 1:7419.5, 1:8063, and 1:13,774, respectively. (b) Chom Bung and Muang District, Ratchaburi Province There are totally 62 physicians in Muang Ratchaburi district. The ratio of physician per population is about 1:2,847. The biggest group of health personnel is the professional nurses (225 persons with the ratio per the population about 1:784), the second is technical nurses with the number of 167 persons and the ratio 1:1,057. (More details are shown in Appendix H Table H-2). In addition, the biggest number of health personnel in Chom Burg district is the professional nurses. The number of physician is 4 and the ratio per the total population is 1:14,974 (More details are shown in Appendix H Table H-2). (2) Major Health Problem (a) Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok and Dan Makham Tia Districts; Kanchanaburi Province Based on the record of death, the majority cause was senile condition with the rate per 1,000 population about 0.80, 0.80, and 1.02 in Thong Pha Phum, Saiyok, and Dan Makham Tha district, respectively. (More details are shown in Appendix H Table H-3 to H-5). Malaria was also a common disease causing death and illness in Thong Pha Phum district and could be found a few cases in Saiyok and Dan Makham Tia district. The other diseases that cause of death were of heart trouble disease, accidents, murder, commit suicide, fever, cancer, disease of lung, digestive respiratory and blood pressure system, drowning, faint, and convulsion. The numbers of the above other diseases were in the range of 0.004-0.063%. ENV1D048712SjSEC.311DOC PAGE 3-128 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT As conceming with the record of illness, it was summarized and tabulated in Appendix H Table H-6 to H-8. The details are presented as below: The illness condition in Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok, and Dan Makham Tia districts are quite similar. The disease of respiratory system was the major problem. The rate per 1,000 population of this disease was in the range of 310.25-325.69. The disease of digestive system was the second-rank cause which was found in Sai Yok and Dan Makham Tia district, but in Thong Pha Phum district, the second-rank cause was symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical, and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classifiides. During 1994, venereal disease, AIDS, and HIV-infectious were reported only in Sai Yok district with 8, 4, and 4 cases, respectively. It is indicated that the spreading of AIDS was not violently (More details are shown in Appendix H Table H-9). (b) Ratchaburi Province The major disease caused of death in Ratchaburi province was the cancer with the rate of 53.30 per 100,000 population. The second to the fifth ranks were the diseases of health system, high pressure blood and blood vessel in brian disease, accidents, and traffic accident with the rate per 100,000 population about 52.36, 34.72, 31.09 and 29.74, respectively. (More detail are shown in Appendix H Table H-10). In addition, the major diseases causing illness was the disease of the respiratory system with the rate of 165.14 per 1,000 population. The other outstanding diseases with high number of patients consist of following diseases; digestive system, symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical classifieds, and accidents. The rate per 1,000 population of the outstanding disease was in the range of 71.70-165.14. The rate per 1,000 population of the remaining diseases was in the range of 46.58-24.43. (More detail are shown in Appendix H Table H-1 1). ENV100CJ9712SISEC-31100C PAGE 3-129 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3.13 ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE 3.13.1 Introduction The western part of Thailand was occupied by prehistoric people. The evidences of their existences can be observed along the Kwae Noi and Kwae Yai Valleys in Kanchanaburi province. They resided in the caves and rock shelters and preferred moving from places to places in order to search for food by hunting with their chopping tools. The historical and archaeological sites, along the gas transmission pipeline route from Ban I-Tong, Thong Pha Phum district to Ratchaburi province, are not found within 100 m strip of the pipe line route. However, the historical and archaeological sites are found in the vicinity of the pipeline. These information are collected from the Institute of Western Thai Culture, Silpakorn University, Division of Archaeology, and Department of Fine Arts. 3.13.2 Results of the Study The historical and archaeological sites nearby the gas pipeline route are shown in Figure 3.13-1. The vicinity historical and archaeological sites along the natural gas pipeline route are also presented as follows: (1) Sai Yok Yai Waterfall Archaeological Site Period Prehistoric-Historic Location : Ban Sai Yok, Sai Yok district, Kanchanaburi province Topographic coordinated : - 14 29' 24' N 980 41' 35' E Distance from the pipeline : 3 km This archaeological site is found on Kwae Noi River bank where Huai Sai Yok is confluent with Kwae Noi River. ENVO49712SAEC-31 I.DOC PAGE 3-130 o9 50' A \ 000029' 990 Is' go, 390' � ' 00' 0o' 0 00 f' m . ;N VHU 52 SrArCR rau _< ' A, I w i S |' i * | 5A W11 *As wanr *I... I 0 ,. ?-.,-_' i 'CRA, X %2^Xtd l | t J BAN NONC EUA (RAIx NOAC SIN rHoNc EAL( t) | .BS I -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ISIYO A AtrL / ~~~~~~~~~~SAN0A I 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BAN NONG BU UA ARI NN SIHONG EIAEI) 3~~I 5 BAN PAXBUNG I , ,OBOD-5 ,U io JO G{ l!! lNNOCEU (RAI| HTANNlH)1 It rr2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r SAINAKHAIN DAM MYANMAR ' � GU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~REN 3 .MAENLG CAL _E _ 0000091 0100000S BAN tw so~~~~~~~~~~~~ *~~ ~~ A A MU NOBAN AU. W000113 R0ADS PIhJtR.CANAL . A o I .. i'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A/SAM~~~~~~00I 0 C..NG.At rl"C CHAt"G~~ / ~~fAtOAufi 0 A U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fA 0000- 3131900 ~ 13 30 0 m FIGURE 3.13-1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ALONG THE NiATURAL GAS PIPELINE fl - tIA OF YAUJANA NA I UKAL U.AS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Artifacts found: - Stoneware : Polished stone adze - Earthenware : Pottery - Glazed ware ceramics such as flatten-based bowl from Sukhothai type of green Chinese ceramic pieces - Pieces of bronze (2) Wang Pra Jae Cave Archaeological Site Period :Prehistoric Location :Wang Kra Jae Sub-district, Sai Yok district, Kanchanaburi province Topographic coordinate : 14 13' 20" N 0 99 01' 50'E Distance from the pipeline :500 m The site is located in a cave on a mountain named Kwae. This mountain is paralleled with Kwae Noi River. The mouth of this cave is 50 metres high and 15 metre width in diameter. Artifacts found - Stoneware: Polished stone adze - Agate beads made from -grey and dark grey stone - Bone beads - Burial - Earthenware (3) Ban Nong Bua (Rai Nang Sin Thong Eaew) Archaeological Site Period :Prehistoric - Historic Location: Ban Nong Bua Chom Bung district, Ratchaburi province. Topographic coordinates :13 37' 10" N 0 99 34' 10" E ENV10o0,71SISEC-a11 maC PAGE 3-132 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Distance from the pipeline : 2.5 km This si+e is on-a slo, f +th hi!! n on rho,m Buinn Rasin whic-h is appropriated for ancient settlement and is a center of other communities. Artifacts found: - Stoneware : Polished stone materials made from quartzide - Earthenware - Bone : Legs and teeth of animals - Chinese ceramic pieces (4) Ban Nong Bua (Rai Chatta Nong Kha) Period . Prehistoric - Historic Location : Ban Nong Bua Chom Bung district, Ratchaburi province. Topographic coordinated : 13 36' 30 N 99 34'1 O' E Distance from the pipeline : 2 km The site is located closely to Rai Nang Sin Thong Eaew Archaeological site. The distance is about 700 m. Artifacts found: - Earthenware potsherds - 3 yellow beads glass - Bone (5) Ban Pak Bung Archaeological Site Period : Prehistoric Location Ban Pak Bung, Pak Bung sub-district, Chom Bung district. Ratchaburi province. Topographic coordinated : 130 36' 54' N 99 37' 25' E Distance from the pipeline : 1 km ENV100"4712WJSEC.311ID0C PAGE 3-133 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Burial and ancient material were found in this site. Therefore, it is surmised that an ancient burial of other communities may live in the metal late age. Artifacts found: - Earthenware : 5 pieces of sninrilp - Stoneware : polished stone adze, - Bronze :. Bronze rings, Bronze bells, Bronze bangles, and Iron tools. (6) Ban Khok Moh Archaeological Site Period : Historic (Ayutthaya) Location : Ban Khok Moh, Khok Moh sub-district, Muang Ratchaburi province. Topographic coordinated : 130 33' 30' N 0 99 49' 35" E Distance from the pipeline : 700 m The site is located on the left side of Mae Klong River at Wat Khok Moh and vicinity. The site is surmised as a large pottery kiln in 21 BC or Ayutthaya period. The evidence was affirmed by Dr. Kral L. Hutterler that the pieces of pottery in Philippine were the same soil texture as the pieces were found in this site. Artifacts found: - Earthenware : Potteries, Chinese Potteries. 3.14 AESTHETIC AND TOURISM 3.14.1 Introduction There are several tourist attractive sites, from Thong Pha Phum district, Kanchanaburi province to Ratchaburi province (Figure 3.14-1). In this section, the major tourists spot in those two provinces along the pipeline route are presented. ENVIO 0d9712SiSEC-311.OC PAGE 3-134 z~~~~~~~~ ~~~ OATS'005 tNoo TON00 00 '0 OAs' 3005 c 96000(00 *r000 I LEGEND r 2 ft't< ^ llOhC rhA rhUm X . * 3 T iA i At A , C'aP"sC ScAl.t �~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2TmA SulAm -$ 1, _)XX ) , 5sn t * 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ PHA ?AT WATUbALt f < )Uv \ * 4 3 d j * ~~46 ThAir OAWAOLP | L 7t o| AX* SMYN TAi IWA?ttALt $ | W 0.0 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S 114~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nAM LAS AA NPA C t \ \ < t=N~~~~~~~~~U^0II OAtI | * 9 _ S~~~~~~~~~WAO O ICt | m Mr~~~~~~~%~ANMA K IN .> \ 9 A tAES O OttiN ---_--N PurONTcAs PlPFUht 9 \, Si;; i 1 rHA tHUNC NA DAlr 1 \ 8_\, / \IM i * .OAA I .AH, . IN DN |AMHAU t A?DA Wi t T 1 4 WADALONCK ICA > SAtE ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 DAD ttTrfliO.J^r '0t *7 10RAi eOXGS DAM ' -u g ' , SRINAAHA IOOtl C A 1W t AtGE . IAT S S AONG NA D NATIONAL ::.Al I r All - 05 BEAMtTA ROADS RIOtS CANAl.~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ACAN& 0 CII 4ATARC RAA S SUNG~~~~~~~~~~~~.SAGLI J-++++ RAIL.A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S ABAN00(5 (*11 YANG 14000C.A?4AAS -u I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A FIGURE 3.14-1 TOURIST ATTRACTIVE SITES ALONG THE N~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATURN KAL GAS PPELIN EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT These information were collected as follows: (1) Compilation of data on tourist attractions from the Tourism Authority of Thailand Office and the Tourism Authority of Thailand's Kanchanaburi office. (2) Surve,inn the exiqtinn touris,t snnes aono thP Dineline route and vicinitv. 3.14.2 Results of the Study (1) Kanchanaburi Province Kanchanaburi is the site of world ramous 'Bridge Over The River Kwae' immQrtalized in books and movies, and is noted for rugged natural beauty where is the landscape characterised by several water falls, caves once inhabited by Neolithic man, national parks, and reservoir setting. The tourist attractions along the natural gas pipeline and vicinity in Kanchanaburi province are described as follows: (a) Khao Laem Dam Khao Laem Dam is located in Thong Pha Phum district, with 152 kilometres far from Kanchanaburi. There is a scenic reservoir with several private raft complexes offer opportunities for boating, swimming, and fishing. This reservoir boundary situates at 2 kilometers from the natural gas pipeline route. (b) Hin Dat Hot Spring This hot spring is located in Ban Hin Dat, Thong Pha Phum district at 130 kilometers far form Kanchanaburi of Highway No. 323. This tourist attraction situates about 10 kilometres from natural gas pipeline route. (c) Dao Wa Dung Cave This cave is found in Bang Dao Wa Dung and situates at 5 kilometres from natural gas pipeline route. ENV1004iI712LJSEC-31 1.OC e PAGE 3-136 'EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (d) Sai Yok Yai Waterfall This waterfall frowns directly into the Kwae Noi River, and is categorized as the most popular attraction within the 300 square-kilometre of Sai Yok National Park. This tourist attractive site situates at 3 kilometres far from the natural pipeline route. (e) The Lawa Cave The cave is far from Kanchanaburi about 75 kilometers. This cave has stalactites and stalagmites in several chambers. Visitors may take boats from Kwae Noi River, Pak Saeng Pier at Tambon Tha Sao to explore this cave, and travel afterwards upstream to the riverine of Sai Yok Yai waterfall. The tourist attraction situates at about 10 kilometres from natural gas pipeline route. (2) Ratchaburi Province Ratchaburi province has many tourist attractions, because the provincial areas cover with diversity of physical features, various culture, and many historical places. The tourist attractions along the natural gas pipeline and vicinity in Ratchaburi province are related with 2 common sites as follows: (a) Khao Bin Cave The cave is located in Maung Ratchaburi district. There are rows of stalagmites and stalagtites distributed all over area of more than 5 rais. Beside these stalagmites and stalactites, there is a mineral pond containing water all year round. The tourist attraction is situated at about 600 meters from natural gas pipeline route. (b) The Center Region Literatural Botanical Park This park is located about 20 kilometres from Ratchaburi province and is situated at 100 meters from the natural gas pipeline route. Total park area is about 2.03 2 km and the park boundary is continued to Khao Pratap Chang in Muang and Chom Bung district. ENVlOO497125/SEC.31 1.DOC PAGE 3-137 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4 MA ItRP LJA7AMr- ASSESSMENT 4.1 INTRODUCTION The gas transmission pipeline offers an effective mean of petroleum product transportation. To maintain the performance and safety to the transmission system, care has to be taken to ensure that all safety measures are properly planned and maintained. However, major hazard assessment could be considered because it can damage to equipment and people. From characteristic and composition of natural gas which have low molecular weight, lighter-than air, low density, flash point -500C, ignition of temperature (482-6320 C) (as shown detail in Table 4.1-1 and 4.1-2). If gas is released, it will be immediately dispersed. Therefore, probability of fire or explosion are nearly zero for most cases. However, there are still very slim chance of ignition, in case of the following circumstances occur simultaneously (Figure 4.1-1). (1) LFL value of Fuel (Natural gas) is 5.00% volume (wind speed must be 0 m/s and gas release is in close system). (2) Adequate concentration of oxygen. (3) Ignition source (such as electrical spark, flashback, open flame, etc.). For the Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline, the pipe will approximately 1.5 meters from the surface. So, mos tof the gas released will be adsorbed within soil and other factors (location, ventilation, dispersion behavior, pressure, gas outflow, etc.) which make it unsuitable condition for ignition. From this reason, the fire or explosion are not likely. However, hazard assessment was assumed in worst case and the case study were selected from the guideline of World Bank. ENVION4A7125iCHAP-4.DCC PAGE 4-1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 4.1-1 COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS FROM YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT Component Composition (% mole) Methane C, 70.26 Ethane C2 1.22 Propane C3 0.18 i-Butane iC4 0.02 n-Butane nC4 0.04 i-Pentane iC5 0.01 n-Pentane nC5 0.01 Nitrogen N2 22.89 Carbon Dioxide CO2 5.28 Oxygen 02 0.09 Gas molecular weight 20.53 Heat of combustion >715 BTU/SCF (HHV) Temperature 60-1200F Pressure 1,250 psig Contaminants: Water Content <7 Ib/MMSCF Hydrogen Sulfide <85 ppm. W. Total Sulfer <100 ppm. W. Mercury <50 ,Lg/NM ENV10"411WTAB41.IDCC PAGE 4-2 tlA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 4.1-2 CHARACTERISTIC OF NATURAL GAS CHARAC-TERISTIC VALUE - Molecular Weight (g) 20.53 - Boiling Point (0C) -162-130 - Vapour Density 0.7-1.40 - rlash roint -5U - Explosive Limits (%) 3.8-17 - ignition Temp. (C) 482-632 Reference: Manual of Spills of Hazardous Materials, March 1984. ENV100497134/TAB41-2XLS PAGE 4-3 FIRE || E LOSION | | OXYGEN | SOURCES WHICR CAN BE ' ANTICIPATED BY SENSING CHANGES IN PROCESS CONDITIONS | LIGHTING * STATIC ELECTRICITY FUEL *EUECTRtICAL SHORT F- * HUMAN INDUCED r ' , .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FLASHBACK OIL SPILL ESCAPING GAS HOT SURFACES * RUPTURE: * EXHAUST SPARKS OVER PRESSURE * a OPEN FLAME LEAK * a FIRE TUBE- HIT BY OBJECT OIL POLLUTION MATERIAL OUAUTY * OPENING A CLOSED SYSTEM * VENT DISCHARGE INADEQUATE CONTAINAGE VESE [ RUPTURE OPENING VENTIFLARE | OVRFOW8OVERPRESSURE CL*YSE SYSTEM * LEAK a INFLOW EXCEEDS OUT FLOW * CORROSION * VALVE OPERATION DISCHARGE EROSION * INADEQUATE SCRUBBER SIZE MAINTENANCE * SCRUBBER INFLOW * EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURE' EXCEEDS OUTFLOW * HIT BY OBJECT � MATERIAL OUALITY � SUDDEN FAILURE OF A MECHANICAL SEAL SOURCE WHICH CAN BE ANTICIPATED BY SENSING CHANGES IN PROCESS CONDITIONS FIGURE 4.1-1: HAZARD TREE FOR GENERALIZED PRODUCTION FACILITY ENV10417134F#IGURE4.1-1 PAGE 4-4 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 4.2 METHODOLOGY 4.2.1 Hazard Identification The approaches for assessment of the above scenarios were selected from the recommended method presented in the World Bank Technical paper 'Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards A Manual' (Technica, 1990). Flammable gas event tree (Figure 4.2-1) and Gas release event tree (Figure 4.2-2) was employed in the approaches for hazard assessment of natural gas leakage. The short description of methodology and related input data used are as follows: (1) Release Cases * A set of release cases was considered according to the facilities of the gas pipeline system as listed below: (a) Tie-in-point at Ban I-Tong - Pipe leak (42' diameter) : 20% of pipe diameter 100% of pipe diameter - Tie-in-point is surround by idle land with maintainous and about 1 km from Ban I-Tong. (b) Maintenance Sub-station at Ban Phu Ong Ka - Pipe leak (42" diameter) : 20% of pipe diameter 100% of pipe diameter - Surrounding area of the maintenance sub-station closed to Kwae Noi River was occupied by sugar cane. (c) Ratchaburi Gas Terminal - Pipe leak (42" diameter) : 20% of pipe diameter 100% of pipe diameter - Surrounding area of the terminal in the 1.5 radius is occupied by paddy field. ENV1004A7125/CHAP.4.OOC PAGE 4-5 Fr 'Is Release 'Is There mmedite 'Is The Cloud Iser Is There Delaed 'Does ThRleas Affect :Instantaneous ? Ignition 7 Than Air aIgnition 7 ,Other Eriuipment on The Site 7 rw ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~Firebvai I Yes rAss|Z - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C * a , I Flash Fire or p Model Addi8onal Releases r 'Yes Explosion Yes C Dense Cloud Dispersion Yes |No |bLIpcs|_ Acdbhabic Yes No |a FT No Expansion 2 r a F e * Flash Fire or * Morbl AdditionatFa FeMdAinR,et S 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- Neutral/ Explosion Yes 7 r s I No lB~~~~uDVant Dispersion I Ye5 No Io mat ; ; | | ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~No soC Model Additional Releases Jet Flame * * Y Yes es Estimate Duration ; s No Calculate Release Rat eI Flash Fire or I Model Addirional Releases - ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~Explosion Yes g7rAss Dense Cloud Dispersion Yes No Yes No ,' bEalS No Jet Dispersion s Flash Fire or Modal Addrlional Releases r ' ' Neutral I Explosion " es No Buoyant Dispersion Y Tes ||l s cl, ..... FIGURE 4.2-1 FLAMMABLE GAS EVENT TREE 0) .... '- EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT -~~~~~~~~~~ , eas - Relas Tanka Explosion No Impact ~~~~~~~~~~iui ador LV Gas Vents Liquid Flashes to Vapor r" - I I Pool Slowly i d gnited) Evaporates Vapor Cloud 'V Traveis Downwind Poo Fire (d not ignned) Occurs Vapor Cioud _Liquid Vapor Plume | Ignities - Explosions Rainout T Vapor Cloud Plume Ignites, Expiosion Igniies - Flashfire Occurs i and/or Flashfire Occurs No Ignition - Toxic F Vapor Exposure No ignition - Toxic Vapor ExPosuLe Pool Fire Occurs FIGURE 4.2-2 GAS RELEASES EVENT TREE eNVI0o40"7134MGUME4.2-2 PAGE 4-7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJEC-T FINAL REPORT (2) Nature of Releases Nature of releases is divided into 2 types, instantaneous and noninstantaneous. in case of thp ninpline and facilities at Ban I-Tong, maintenance sub-station at Ban Phu Ong Ka, and Ratchaburi terminal, both instantaneous and noninstantaneous releases are considered in a hazard evaluation. (3) Ignition Flammable gases are usuaily only a danger if they ignite. A very important part of the analysis is to identify the sources and probabilities of ignition. The types of ignitions are classified into two categories according to the timing of the ignition, as follows: (a) Immediate ignition : In this case the gas is ignited while it is still escaping from containment. Immediate ignition can result in a jet flame or a fireball depending on the nature of the release (instantaneous and noninstantaneous). (b) Delayed ignition : This occurs after the material has escaped from containment and has formed a cloud drifting down wind. Delayed ignition can result in an explosion or a flash fire. (4) Fires/Fire Damage Fire can affect the immediate its surroundings primarily through the radiated heat. The damage caused by heat radiation can be calculated from the dose of radiation received; a measure of the received dose is the energy per unit area of the surface exposed to the radiation over the duration of the exposure. The other approaches can be calculated by using the power per unit area received. The radiation effect of a fire normally is limited to the area close to the source of the release (within 200 m as stated in Technica, 1990). This means that in many cases neighbouring communities are not affected. However, there are many types of fire which could create a more extensive effect. ENV1000712V-4CHWJOC � PAGE 4-8 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT Fires can be categorized as follows: - Pool fire e.g., a tank fire or a fire from a pool of fuel spread over the ground or water. - Jet fire : from the ignition of a jet of flammable material. - Fireball and BLEVE : (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) resulting from the overheating of pressurized vessel by a primary fire. This overheating raises the intemal pressure and weakens the vessel shell, until it bursts open and releases its contents as a ,arge and very intense fireball. - Flash Fire : involving the delayed ignition of a dispersed vapour cloud which does not cause blast damage. That is, the flame speed is not as high as in an unconfined vapour cloud explosion but the fire spreads quickly throughout the flammable zone of the cloud. Fire damage can be estimated based upon correlations with recorded incident radiation flux and damage levels. The criteria for damage to people and property from fire are given as follows in Table 4.2-1. 4.2.2 Quantitative Analysis The considerations were made for many cases of hazardous events (Table 4.2-2). In order to focus on the potential sources of hazard, some of the events were screened out by considering the following aspects: (1) Gas Flow The amount of gas to be released to the environment was calculated based on the approached listed in Appendix I. The estimation outflow for different cases of releases are shown in Table 4.2-3. ENV100M4712SKNHAP-4DOC PAGE 4-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 4.2-1 THE CRITERIA FOR DAMAGE TO PEOPLE AND PROPERTY FROM FIRE Incident Flux Type of Damage Caused 2 (kW/m) Damage to Equipment Damage to People 37.5 Damage to process 100% lethality in 1 min. equipment 1% lethality in 10 sec. 25.0 Minimum energy to ignite 100% letality in 1 min. wood at indefinitely long Significant injury in 10 sec. exposure without a flame 12.5 Minimum energy to ignite 1% lethality in 1 min. wood with a flame; melts 1st degree burns in 10 sec. plastic tubing 4.0 Causes pain if duration is longer than 20 sec. but blistering is unlikely 1.6 Causes no discomfort for long exposure E. _ _ _ _ __A_ _ PAGE 4 6"wlooss7125eH^Po4nOC ~~~~~~~~~PAGE 4-10 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 4.2-2 INPUT DATA FOR HAZARD EVALUATION Facilities Release Cases Nature of Release Ignition Output Tie-in-Point (Ban I-Tong) Pipe diameter 42' Pipe leak: Instantaneous Immediate Fireballs Pressure 1,250 psig 20% of pipe diameter Delay Flashfire or explosion Temperature 120'F 100% of pipe diameter Noninstantaneous Immediate Jetfire Molecular Weight Delay Flashfire or explosion of gas = 20.53 Ratchaburi Terminal Pipe diameter 42' Pipe leak: Instantaneous Immediate Fireballs Pressure 1,250 psig 20% of pipe diameter Delay Flashfire or explosion Temperature 120*F 100% of pipe diameter Noninstantaneous Immediate Jetfire Molecular Weight Delay Flashfire or explosion of gas = 20.53 Maintenance sub-station (Ban Phu Ong Ka) Pipe diameter 42' Pipe leak: Instantaneous Immediate Fireballs Pressure 1.250 psig 20% of pipe diameter Delay Flashfire or explosion Temperature 1200F 100% of pipe diameter Noninstantaneous Immediate Jetfire Molecular Weight Delay Flashfire or explosion of gas = 20.53 ENV1w4A7134trAB42-2XLS PAGE 4-11 TABLE 4.2-3 GAS OUTFLOW OF THE PIPELINE LEAK RATE AT 20% AND 100% OF PIPE DIAMETER Operation Condition % of pipe leak Gas outflow rate! (kgfs) Tie-in point at Ban l-Tong, Maintenance sub-station at Ban Phu Ong Ka, 20 18,188 and Ratchaburi Gas Terminal 100 455,000 - Pipe diameter 42- - Pressure 1,250 psig - Temperature 1200F (322.040K) - Molecular weight of gas = 20.53 m EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT (2) Impact Evaluation The first step of impact evaluation was conducted by comparison the concentration of the gas released (for 20% and 100% pipe diameter) with the flammable limit of natural gas of which lower flammable limit (LFL) and upper flammable limit (UFL) are 5.00% V and 15.00% V. respectively. If the concentration of either jet or buoyant dispersion is not in the flammable limit, the ignition will not be induced. Therefore, the hazardous impact is negligible. 4.3 RESULTS OF HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT The potential hazardous cases identified in section 4.2 are at Tie-in-point (Ban I-Tong), Ratchaburi Terminal, and maintenance sub-station (Ban Phu Ong Ka). These three facilities will similary used the specific of pressure, diameter of pipe, and the others. Thus, the assessments of the potential hazardous events are similary as follows: (1) Instantaneous Release with Immediate Ignitions: Fireballs The 'Instantaneous releases with 20%7 and 1uu70 pipe leak were calculated based on the gas volume contained in 42 pipe diameter with 1 km in length. For the 100% pipe leak with instantaneous release, the mass release will be about 64,448.46 kg (64.45 ton) (detail calculation in Appendix I), the maximum radius of the fireball will be about 99.61 m with radiation intensity of 271 kW/m . The affected gone with radial energy of 37.5 to 4 2 kW/m were ranged from 267.82 to 820.06 m (Table 4.3-1). The impact from the heat radiation within this zone is quite significant at 820.06 m causes pain to people if duration is longer than 20 sec. but blistering is unlikely. Therefore, any development should be within 0.85 km. (2) Noninstantaneous Release with Immediate Ignitions: Jet Fire For 20% and 100% pipe leak with noninstantaneous release, the jet flame model will be employed in estimating thermal radiation effects from a particular point in the flame to a receptor at distance. The maximum distances for 100% pipe leak at 37.5 to 4 2 kW/m are 1,392.68 - 4,264.21 m. Table 4.3-2 shows the distance of radiation flux from a particular point in the flame to a receptor for 20% and 100% pipe leak. The details of the calculation are in Appendix I. ENViO04912t251AP4bOC PAGE 4-13 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT TABLE 4.3-1 THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE FIREBALL AT RADIATION FLUX (METRE) Incident Flux Distance from Center of Fireball (m.) (kW/m ) Pipe Leak: 20% Pipe Leak: 100% of pipe diameter of pipe diameter 37.5 90.48 267.82 25 110.82 328.02 12.5 156.72 463.90 4 277.04 820.06 EJV1OOtb4g713d~TAB4t3S PAGE 4-14 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL FiEFORT TABLE 4.3-2 THE DISTANCE OF RADIATION FLUX FROM A PARTICULAR POINT IN THE FLAME OF JET FIRE TO A RECEPTOR The Distance from a particular Point Radiation Flux in the Flame to a Receptor (m.) 2 (kW/m ) Pipe Leak: 20% Pipe Leak: 100% of pipe diameter of pipe diameter 37.5 278.09 1,392.68 25 340.59 1,705.68 12.5 481.66 2,411.64 4 851.47 4,264.21 ENv100871341TA43.2.xLS PAGE 4-15 *IA '[*'~ WL# * I _ ; rirtLirdt r.u.. I FINAL REPORT (3) Instantaneous Release with Delayed Ignition: Adiabatic Expansion / Flash Fire The adiabatic expansion model (Appendix I) were utilized to calculate the radius of the expanded cloud as a function of time (Table 4.3-3). The percent volume of expanded gas lower than the LFL of 5.00%V. will be 70.52 and 19.75 m-radius for 100% and 20% pipe leak, respectively. (4) Noninstantaneous Release with Delayed Ignition: Jet Dispersion with Neutral or Buoyant Dispersion / Flash Fire The jet dispersion model (Appendix I) can calculate the concentration and the velocity on the jet axis at a given distance from the released spot. The concentrations of dispersed gas lower than the LFL (5.00% v.) with the maximum distance for 20% and 100% pipe leak are shown in Table 4.3-4. As stated in Table 4.3-5, the maximum distance of flash fire is 125 and 30 m for 100% and 20% pipe leak, respectively. The potential sources of hazardous events were summarized in Table 4.3-5. 4.4 HAZARD REDUCTION In order to reduce hazardous consequences, it is necessary to make profound changes to the project design. For this reason, a hazard analysis is best carried out at the design stage, when design, layout and sitting modifications can be made relatively easily. 4.4.1 Improve Shut-down System If a release dose occur, it is possible to reduce the amount of gas released from pipeline from the site by checking pressure at Block Valve or pressure at pressure regulating station. By remote sensing to SCADA system, the gas leak pipeline control will be operated immediately by shut-down control or relief value operation. Automatic shutdown will reduce the amount of gas escaping from pipeline and also reduce the release duration. ENV104A7122SCHAP-4DOC PAGE 4-16 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL FhtUK I TABLE 4.3-3 THE MAXIMUM RADIUS OF FLASH FIRE IN ADIABATIC EXPANSION LFL 5.00% vol. % pipe leak Time Core Radius Core Concentration Flash Fire 3 of 42" pipe dia. (second) (m) (kg/mr) % vol 100% 10 54.38 0.052 5.62 Yes 20 70.52 0.024 2.57 No 20% 3 17.73 0.060 6.53 Yes 4 19.75 0.043 4.72 No ENVIO0497134/TAB433.XLS PAGE 4-17 TABLE 4.3-4 THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF FLASH FIRE IN JET DISPERSION LFL 5.00% vol. % pipe leak Distance Concentration Flash fire of 42" pipe dia. (m) (kg/m ) % vol 100% 100 0.06 6.54 Yes 125 0.04 4.36 No 20% 25 0.054 5.88 Yes 30 0.045 4.91 No ENV100047134lAB43-4XLS PAGE 4-18 tIA LJ TV Lh AI5A 65A i flA _a' { .. . _. _ _. TABLE 4.3-5 SUMMARY FOR HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT Nature of Release Ignition Output % Pipe leak Results of Impact of 42- pipe dia. instantaneous immediate - fireball 100% fire damage in the maximum radial of 820.06 m. from the release source 20% fire damage in the maximum radial of 277.04 m. from the release source delay - Adiabatic 100% fire damage in the radial of Expansion 70.51 m. from the release - flash fire source 20% fire dar,,age in the rddiai or 19.72 m. from the release source noninstantaneous immediate jet fire 100% fire damage in the distance of 4,264.21 m. from the release source 20% fire damage in the distance istance of 851.47 m. from the release source delay | Neutral / 100% fire damage in the distance Buoyant of 125 m. from the release Dispersion source - flash fire 20% fire damage in the distance of 25 m. from the release source PAGE 4-19 ENV1OO007134fTA843.5.XLS 4.4.2 Reduction of Impact As well as the consequences and risks of release, the analyst should also consider measures to reduce the impact of these releases. Some possible measures are given below, arranged in order of increasing involvement of employees and people off- site. - provision of bunkering or blast wall at metering station for each factory - fire wall / fire-proofing of structures - provision of escape routes for employees - provision of safety and emergency training for employees - implementation of emergency procedures on and off-site - provision of public alert systems and education of public - planning and training for evacuation - provision of safety buffer-zone around the station boundary - provision the emergency plan 4.4.3 Reduction of Risk If it not possible to reduce the consequence sufficient using reduction of impact and shutdown system, it may be possible to reduce the risk (or probability) that a release will occur. The risk of a release can be reduced by using reliability studies or techniques such as HAZOP to improve the operation and control of the system. The HAZOP will be developed by the pipeline facilities contractor and reviewed by PTT to examine the design in detail. 4.5 SUMMARY OF MAJOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT Results of major hazard assessment was impossible in practical because of characteristic and other factors' natural gas (as stated in 4.1). Especially, Fireball and jet fires was immediately ignition. In part of delayed ignition was considered gas dispersion and concentration level which it must be higher 5.00% volume (LFL) such as if adiabatic ENVIOOW7125:1a4AP4DOC PAGE 4-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT expansion / flash fire is less 12 sec, gas release must be more 5.00% V. and properly other condition, the flash fire wras generated and heat radiation was about 57.66 meters, etc. In addition, the Yadana Natural Gas Project will have SCADA System, mitigation measures and HAZOP Study. For this reason, impact of major hazard is minority. ENV102Q*A12- HAP4.0= PAGE 4-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5 I~ItDt~P&A~P~I9 I i"fA EV>s 5.1 GEOLOGY/SEiSMOLOGY 5.1.1 Construction and Operation Periods The construction procedure of the pipeline route is included with digging up trench to the average depth of 1.9 m, and at this depth the geological setting of the area is generally not disturbed. The seismicity of the Tenasserim Range covering the proposed project area was not very in records (Nutalaya et. al., 1985). The earthquakes of high magnitude (over 7.0 on Richter scale) are confined to the large scale faults, i.e., Sagaing fault in Myanmar which are located more than 100 km away from the site. It should be noted that the magnitudes of earthquakes recorded within 100 km radius around the site are never exceeded 6.0 on Richter scale. The altemative equation used for calculation of maximum ground acceleration at site due to an earthquake of a given magnitude developed by Japanese Ministry of Construction is adopted. The equation can be expressed as follows: 0.208m 40686 An,a. = 46.0 x 10 (D+10) Where Ar,na = Maximum ground acceleration (cm/sec) M = Magnitude acceleration (Richter scale) D = Epicentral distance {km) The application of the above equation is shown in Figure 5.1-1. The adopted equation yields a 0.05 g maximum acceleration at site for epicentral distance of 50 km from the earthquake of magnitude 6.0. By based on the adopted design value of the pipeline related structure at 0.1 g (maximum ground acceleration) which is a common design value ENV100497112S/CHAP*S.DDC PAGE 5-1 M 0.5> z z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a - W; i: S-z A, o G) w w -a U -u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m < ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z m 0 5010-5 20 z 0.2 01 0 0.1 *AMAX 0.1 g..... 0 50 .100 150 200' EPICENTRAL DISTANCE (km) -- M= 6 + M 8 FIGURE 5.1-1 PLOT OF CALCULATION MAXIMUM GROUND ACCELERATION AT THE SITE AGAINST > cr EPICENTRAL DISTANCES FOR EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE IN THE RANGE 4.00 TO 8.00 i-m El- EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT for dam construction in western Thailand. However, the project is designed the pipe structure with high value at 0.2 g, therefore the gas pipeline should not be impacted by the size of recorded earthquake in the area. In addrtion, the regular monitoring program along the pipeline route can also assure the safe operation of the pipeline. Vehicular weekly patrol program is necessary to investigate along the pipeline route, and to detect any sign of abnormality and third party's activities. Furthermore, the total pipeline route will be patrolled after the earthquake to detect any sign of soil movement, or land subsidence. Geometry Pipeline Internal Gauge (GEO PIG) its also applied (if necessary) to locate any deformations as well as position and orientation of the operating pipeline. This computerized procedure will result in the indication of pipeline operation which can be remedied if necessary. 5.2 HYDROLOGY AND EROSION 5.2.1 Construction Period The hydrological regime around the project area may be temporarily altered due to the pipeline crossing. Most of the affected streams are intermitted and will retain water only in the wet season. In addition, the crossing activities are often conducted in the dry season, and completed within one day for open cross of the small stream. Therefore, the hydrological pattern will not be affected at all by pipe laying activities. Concerning with the larger waterways, e.g., Kwae Noi river, Huai Lam Pha Chi, Huai Sai Yok and Mae Kiong river, the directional drill is applied. This approach will not disturb the stream bed because the drilling case is adjusted more than 1.5 m under the stream bed. With the application of this method, hydrological regime are generally not affected. Due to the ragged terrain towards the pipeline section close to Ban I-Tong, these topographic conditions limit the construction activities to be conducted mainly during the dry season (November - Early May). This constraint will also alleviate the impact on surface water hydrology. ENVMGC4i9712SICHAP.S.DOC PAGE 5-3 tb1A Ul- YALUANA NA I UFML JAZ rlr-LIIMr r-nv'JMr. Focusing on the potential erosion induced from the pipeline construction, as previously mentioned the pipeline section from KP.0 to KP.27 is located in the steep terrain of Watershed Classification (WSC) 1A (10 km), 1B (4 km) and 2 (13 km). The construction of the pipeline portions entering into WSC 1A and 1B is described as follows: (Figure 5.2-1) WSC 1A: (1) KP.20+199 - KP.16+923 with catchment area of 23 sq.km. (2) KP.1 2+832 - KP.1 1+824 with catchment area of 4 sq.km. (3) KP.10+641 - KP.7+736 with catchment area of 3 sq.km. (4) KP.5+937 - KP2+808 with catchment area of 4 sq.km. (5) KP.1 +858 - KP.0+000 with catchment area of 5 sq.km. WSC 1B1: (1) KP.14+482 - KP.12+832 with catchment area of 6 sq.km. (2) KP.12+832 - KP.10+641with catchment area of 3 sq.km. (3) KP.7+736 - KP.5+736 with catchment area of 4 sq.km. (4) KP.2+808 - KP.1 +858 with catchment area of 4 sq.km. Some pipeline sections are also designed with alignment aligned along the mountainous valley to minimize with any impact on erosion. In addition, the pipeline ROW should be minimized with depending on the topographic condition but it will not exceed 40 m strip. However, in this study the worst case approach will be observed with these assumption: - The affected ROW will be 50 m - All of the affected ROW will be cleared at the same time - No protective measures are applied and - The estimation of erosion rate will be based on the various land uses as mentioned in Table 5.2-1. The value to be used is 2,000 times higher than erosion caused from the forest cover. With the above assumption, the calculations of sediment load from the clear ROW are shown in Table 5.2-2. ENV104I712s5cHAP.s.DoC PAGE 5-4 m _ < j % k Y+rJ S S -K2Vu X m X g E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4w Fhfi E fi * | LECEIIC P SC 0 Z m 2 FIGURE 5.2-: SUB-WATERSHED OF WATERSHED CLASS 1A AND lB ALONG THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - .KPI14+482 .y~y1�'~' CRAPHIC SCALE - w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '-- -U FIGURE 5.2-1: SUB-WATERSHED OF WATERSHED CLASS 1A AND 1B ALONG THE NATURAL GAS PIPELiNE (Contd) 7.j ONJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WlA U1- YAUANNA A I UMAL UP rErcLIINQ r-W I TABLE 5.2-1 REPRESENTATIVE RATES OF EROSION FROM VARIOUS LAND USES Land Use Erosion Rate Relative to 2 ton/km -yr Forest= 1 Forest 8.5 1 Grassland 85 10 Abandoned Surface Mines 850 100 Crop Land 1,70 200 Harvested Forest 4,250 500 Active Surface Mines 17,000 2,000 Construction 17,000 2,000 Source Center, 1977 ENVlI04i9734/TAS2- 1.XLS PAGE 5-7 TABLE 5.2-2 ESTIMATED SEDIMENT LOAD DUE TO ON-SITE EROSION WSC KP. Affected Area Sediment Load % of Sediment in (sq.km.) (Ton/Year) Comparison with Kwae Noi River (K10)* 1A 20+199 - 16+923 0.1 1,700 0.170 12+832 - 11+824 0.05 850 0.085 10+641 - 7+736 0.1 1,700 0.170 5+937 - 2+808 0.175 2,975 0.300 1+858 - 0+000 0.05 850 0.0850 1B 14+482 - 12+832 0.05 850 0.085 12+832 10+641 0.15 2,550 0.25 7+736 - 5+736 0.05 850 0.085 2+808 - 1+858 0.05 850 0.085 Note * Total Load of Kwae Noi Basin at K10 (Ban Lum Sum) is 1,026,320 ton/year (as cited in Table 3.2-8) ENV1004A9713AITABS22.XLS PAGE 5-8 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECr FINAL REPORT By based on the above assumption on erosion, the overall maximum percentage of sediment to be washed from cleared ROW is only 1.285% of the total sediment in Kwae Noi river close to the project area. Therefore, the impact from worst case scenarios for suitable measures could be minimized the potential impact on this aspect. The proposed measures will be discussed in more details with the next chapter. 5.2.2 Operation Period After the completion of pipe laying activities, the following procedures are mandatory. - In case of open crossing, the opened up period will not exceed 1 day. - The stream bed will be manipulated and leveled to make the condition close to the natural setting. - Grass varieties of Yar Fag (Vertiveria sp.) and legumes will be planted along the pipeine route in `vWS1 to retain the soil mass and reduce erosion. With the above practices, it is foreseen that the impacts on hydrology and erosion along the pipeline can be considered as minimal. 5.3 WATER QUALITY 5.3.1 Construction Period The natural gas transmission pipeline will connect directly the Yadana Gas field to Ratchaburi thermal power plant. Along the recommended route, many features of topographic settings will be encountered; namely, mountainous range near tie-in point at Ban I Tong, steep hill area sloping towards Kwae Noi river in Amphoe Thong Pha Phum and Sai Yok, flat area along the river bank especially for Kwae Noi river, and low land area along Mae Klong river. Most of the waterways crossed by the pipeline are intermitted streams which are nearly dried up during the dry season. The streams and rivers with water all year round include Huai Phra Osa, Huai Pracham Mai, Huai Khayeng, Kwae Noi river, Huai Sai ENV10049712S/CHAP-6.0OC PAGE 5-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Yok, Huai Mae Kraban, Lam Sai, Lam Phao, Lam Pha Shi, and Mae Klong river. The potential impacts on these waterways will be caused due to Right-of-WVay (ROW) clearing, grading, and crossing. Clearing involves with the removals of trees, bush and other vegetations. The ROW i b graded to provide s.fe .orking surface and minimize pipe bending. Grading can cause surface disturbance. Cutting and replacing steep slopes may lead to instability and erosion. As previously mentioned most of the streams meandering through the steep slope area are mostly intermitted stream and the pipe laying activities in this particular section will be concentrated during the dry season due to limited access in the wet season. Thus, the instability and erosion induced by grading practices will be acceptable. In addition, strict mitigation measures will be enforced for this early section of the pipeline. Focusing on the crossing, the open cut crossing or wet crossing will be applied for the small intermitted streams (Figure 5.3-1). The pipe trench will be stopped at short distances of watercourse banks to prevent silty trench water from entering watercourses. The hard trench plugs will be left in place until the installation of stream crossing has been initiated. In addition, the undisturbed vegetative covers will be maintained adjacent to the water edge as a buffer zone to limit the potential siltation to be washed into the waterway during rainfalls. Again, the crossing and trenching activities are often conducted mostly in the dry season, therefore, the potential impacts due to additional siltation and erosion will be minor. In addition, the results of water sample analysis of the watercourses in the study area indicated that the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in Lam Pha Shi was as high as 610 mg/l in the wet season. Thus, the impact on additional SS is viewed as relatively minor. The wet crossing was also practiced at Khlong Phra Ong Chao Chaiyanuchit in August 1995. It was revealed from the water quality monitoring program that the water quality for pre-and post dredging is very similar in tLerm of pHi and electrical conductivit.y (Table 5.3-1). The suspended solids (SS) were 153 mg/A for the pre-dredging period due to ENVOO44971251tHAP.S.DOC PAGE 5-10 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT ADOmOtwAL R/W IF REOUIRED S"'7.-I4ADAD R 1ul 'nAjTW 2 FR~~ENCH* _ _s- *_T N1. -TOPSOIL SPOIL PILE _ D PLUG WATERCOURSE _ T S t. -B ~ACKHOE f-TPSOIL SPOIL PILE PIPE WELDED. PRETESTZ- COATED AND WEIGHTED PLAN VIEW N.T.S. Notes 1. Schedule construction during low flow period and the appropriate timing window. 2. Obtain permission and stake extra right of way if required. Keep vehicles within stakes. 3. Install vehicle crossing if required. 4. Stop trenching activity short of watercourse bank. Retain hard plugs as long as possible. 5. Pipe should be welded, pre-tested, coated and weighted prior to initiating pipe installation. 6. Trench through watercourse, maintaining hard plugs at each bank until just prior to pipe installation. Lower in pipe and backfill immediately. Trenching and backfilling should be completed in the same day if possible. Utilize two backhoes to expedite the crossing. 7. Remove vehicular crossing, restore banks to original condition, and stabilize as required FIGURE 5.3-1 WET CROSSING ENV1004*1GURE S.-1 PAGE 5-11 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT ?INAL ntruM I TABLE 5.3-1 WATER QUALITY IN KHLONG PHRA ONG CHAO CHIYANUCHIT Post-Dredge Data Parameter Pre-dredge Data (10/4/95)* Upstream Downstream pH 7.3 6.9 7.2 SS (mg/A) 153.0 36.0 31.0 Conductivity 450 400 420 (Umho/cm) Oil and Grease 0.60 1.50 2.50 (mg/A) Note * There was a heavy rain in the-area on 9/04/95. Source: Field surveyed by Team Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd. ENV1004AMMAB534fAE5~l.LS PAGE 5-12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT the heavy rain while the post-dredged SS was only 31 mg/l. However, it can be observed that the concentration of oil and grease wA:as remakablyk high upstream and downstream from the crossing area (1.5 and 2.5 mg/A) which can be due to the long tail boats travelling in this Khlong and the rinsing of construction equipment and machineries. In case of the large waterways, e.g., Kwae Noi river, Lam Pha Shi, and Mae Klong river, the open cut crossing will not be suitable for such water courses, thus, the directional drilling will be applied (Figure 5.3-2). This approach will utilize the driller bore about 2 m underneath the river bed without any disturbance on the river bottom. The increased suspended solids during the drilling will be nil. The drilling fluids and muds will be stored in the designated containers and disposed of by the contractor. The containers of the drilling mud will be located at least 100 m from the watercourses. During the pipe laying activities, a specific area will be allocated as maintenance unit and construction site. All of the maintenance, and cleaning will result in discharge of waste oil. lubricant. water coolant. etc. These wastewater will be collected in the -suitable containers and drums, and stored for properly disposal at local service facilities. The construction activities will require about 600 workers (at peak). The construction camps are expected to be located at Amphoe Thong Pha Phum and Chom Bung and will not be moved along the pipeline route. Thus, the discharge of domestic wastes into local streams and waterways is not expected. Within the construction camps, the sanitary latrines will be adequately provided with the ratio of 15 workers/ 1 latrine. The amount of BOD load generated from the camps will be about 18 kg/day which are properly handled in the provided sanitary latrines. The latrines are located at least 100 m from the waterways, thus, the seepage from the latrines will not contaminate to surface water around the project area. ENV00"97125MCHAP..DOC PAGE 5-13 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT BUr-'S ' DO {0 NOT CLEM OR R,AO_E) h o.Om uli hO Om_ Ul ,,-SPOIL Pl | w S BORING MACHIN TPOIL) = - Bi,O.zgf 50LOL O2 _ BELLHOI.� VD4ICL CROSSING TOPSOILv -I ~ ~ ~ < '- PLAN VIEW N.T.S - ,BUF7.R ZONESm * \ X | _II -RC2@RIS;j ' | V~ORING M4ACH-INE PROFILE N.T.S Note 1. Bore (or punch) watercourse crossing to prevent sedimentation of watercourse, interruption of stream flow, and alteration of stream substrate. This method is appropriate for crossing irrigation canals and occasionally, for crossing natural watercourse. The advantage is that in-stream work is eliminated and timing of the crossing is not restricted. However, this method may not be possible if excessive groundwater is present or if the substrate consists of large boulders or bedrock. Obtain geotechnical data prior to commencing boring (or punching) FIGURE 5.3-2 WATERCOURSE BORING METHOD PAGE 5-14 ENv100AiFlGuRE 5.3.2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 5.3.2 Operation Period Prior to the actual oneration of the nineline; the overall nineline qvctem wi!! be hydrostatically tested. Fresh water from Mae Kiong river are used for this purpose which will eliminate the needs for additional chemicals, e.g., corrosion inhibitor and biocide. The spent freshwater are also returned to the Mae Klong river after the test via an arch discharge pipe to oxygenate the water and dissipate erosive energy and the de-water activities will be on a splash plate and vegetated land to reduce any impacts on erosion. During the normal operation of gas transmission system, no adverse impact is expected on the water quality. In case of any gas leakage, the overall pipeline systems are installed with SCADA computerized system to monitor the changes of gas flow, pressure and volume at all time. In addition, along the overall length of the pipeline will be buried under the ground of at least 1.5 m of soil on top of the cement coated pipeline. Furthermore, the pipeline route is clearly marked with sign to prevent any activities that may damage the pipeline. With all the above precaution measures, the chances of gas pipeline rupture is very slim. The operation of the new gas pipeline system will recruit additional staff of 5 in each station. This group of staff is on duty for 3 shifts, thus, the assessment needs to be observed on the wastewater generation from the office and staff residents. This amount of staff will generate BOD load of 1.56 kg/day which is properly treated in the septic system. Thus, no impact is expected on the nearby waterways. Concerning the solid waste, the staff of 5 could produce the waste of 5 kg.! day/station. These small amounts of waste will be disposed by local municipalities. Therefore, any impacts due to improper waste disposal is not foreseen. ENV1O04/97125MHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-15 5.4 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 5.4.1 Construction Period Throughout the process of pipeline development, the areas posted the impacts on the aquatic ecosystem are the watercourse approaches and crossings. The nature of impacts is clearly observed in the forms of increased suspended solids and habitat disturbances along the pipeline route. As previously mentioned in the water quality section, most of the waterways in the study area are small intermitted streams that nearly dry up during the dry season. This type of stream does not support a large array of benthic organisms due to severe seasonally change of environmental conditions. The results of the benthic survey in the main waterways also revealed that the species density and diversity of the concerned rivers are very low with average of 104.5 individuals/sq.m. The dominant group is Ephimeropteran. During the pipeline laying period, small streams are trenched approximately 1.2 meters wide across the width of stream (Figure 5.41). The construction are concentrated mainly during the dry season when most of the streams are nearly dry. In addition, the crossing will be expedite by utilizing backhoes and trenching, and the backfilling should be completed within the same day. All of the concemed areas e.g., river bed, and banks will be stabilized to original condition. With the above practices, the impact on benthic organisms is minimal. The planktonic species will receive lesser impact in comparison with the benthic group due to their mobile nature. Plankton will expose to the high suspended solid at a relatively short period of time due to the turbulent and drifting characteristic of the waterways. Thus, the impact is perceived as minimal. In case of the large rivers, e.g., Kwae Noi, and Mae Klong, the direct drilling or boring method will be applied (Figure 5.42). This approach is used to prevent sedimentation of watercourse, interruption of stream flow, and alteration of stream substrate. Therefore, no impact is expected on the aquatic ecosystem. ENV1004A7125/CHAP-5.DOC PAGE 5-16 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT vADOMotLAL R/W IF REQUIRED STANDARD R/W WIDTH t1 .. L.TRENCH I >gL-. TOPSOIL SPOIL PIL _-X- ,..HARD PLUG .CKHOE,.--CKHOE TOPSOIL SPOIL - - . A _ PiLE I- PIPE WELDED. PRE.-M7D I COATED AND WEIGHTED PLAN VIEW N.T.S. Notes 1. Schedule construction during low flow period and the appropriate timing window. 2. Obtain permission and stake extra right of way if required. Keep vehicles within stakes. 3. Install vehicle crossing if required. I 4. Stop trenching activity short of watercourse bank. Retain hard plugs as long as possible. 5. Pipe should be welded, pre-tested, coated and weighted prior to initiating pipe installation. 6. Trench through watercourse, maintaining hard plugs at each bank until just prior to pipe installation. Lower in pipe and backfill immediately. Trenching and backfilling should be completed in the same day if possible. Utilize two backhoes to expedite the crossing. 7. Remove vehicular crossing, restore banks to original condition, and stabilize as required TE5- FIGURE 5.4-1 :WET CROSSING ENV1004/F1GURtE S.4-1 PAGE 5-17 EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT BUVrE;Z ^tL3 (tBO NOT CLEAR OR -AOC) O.U I h2 o~UI( ,-SPOIL PILE t. r J @;-'=;- '_____ |,n, -Sc. -~ ,. ,, -; ~~~-I--- j ~~~~~~~~~~ SPOIL IA F S3 {\ i I * 1 ^ &~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ / I_ / B I_ .y#_ ~~~~~~~~~~~~'...LL.JiiI ~ 7 2,) < o- = = ^ -DAJU-C} ,) o _ BELLHOLE VW CLE CROSSINC TOPSOIL- / PLAN VIEW N.T.S BUFr;R ZONES \ =- - 1< - 1 l~, i \-BORING MACHINE PROFILE N.T.S Note 1. Bore (or punch) watercourse crossing to prevent sedimentation of watercourse, interruption of stream flow, and alteration of stream substrate. This method is appropriate for crossing irrigation canals and occasionally, for crossing natural watercourse. The advantage is that in-stream work is eliminated and timing of the crossing is not restricted. However, this method may not be possible if excessive groundwater is present or if the substrate consists of large boulders or bedrock. Obtain geotechnical data prior to commencing boring (or punching) IEiGURE 5.4-2: PTERCOURSE BORING METHOD ENVIQOOVFGUFIE S.4-2PAE51 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT Conceming the construction camp, it is located in Amphoe Thong Pa Phum and Chom Bung and the camps will not be located along the pipeline route. Thus, the potential impact on human waste contamination is not observed. 5.4.2 Operation Period The gas transmission system is buried under 1.5 m of soil surface. Therefore, there will be no adverse impact on the aquatic communities in the study area. 5.5 SOIL 5.5.1 Construction Period Soils under plant covers are naturally eroded in small amount. If there is no plant covers or vegetative are cut, the erosion will take place severely especially for sandy or silty soil on high slope. There are many soil series that have sandy texture and located on high slope such as Thayang, Lat Ya, Mae Rim, and Slope Complex. These types of soils under plant covers have the rate of soil erosion about 16-21 tons/rav'ear. After laying gas pipeline and no vegetation cover, soil erosion will be increased to 69-2,000 tons/rai/year. The pipeline route is passed through watershed area class 1A and 1B at Tambon Takhan, and Tambon Sai Yok, in Thong Pha Phum district. Soils in these areas as classified mostly as Slope Complex with the slope is higher than 35%. If the pipe laying procedure is done without carefully planning the rate of soil erosion will be very high. (Details of calculation are shown in section 3.5). In gently sloping area, the soil erosion will be in high rate if the soil is sandy and no vegetative covers. Nam Phong and Khorat soil series without plant covers will be eroded in the rate of 16-23 tons/rai/year and with plant covers the amount of soil erosion is minimum rate with 5-7 tons/raiNyear. Therefore, the laying gas pipeline in gently sloping area is also being done with careful planning. ENV1O4/971251CHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT In flat area, the rate of soil erosion is very low. In Deum Bang soil series which the topography is flat, the rate of soil erosion without plant covers is 1.73 tons/rai/year while with plant covers is observed only 0.10 tons/railyear. 5.5.2 Operation Period The soils within the pipeline route area have been distributed during laying the pipeline processes. They can be eroded easily if there is not plant covers or revegetative program is not succeeded. The erosion will cause the damage of surface soil because gully or in the worst case of mass movement may occur especially for the area of slope is greater than 35% in WSC 1. 5.6 FORESTRY 5.6.1 Construction Period During the pipeline laying activities, the forestry resource within Thong Pha Phum National Park will be cleared for 9 km with ROW of 20 m. The foreseen impact are as follows: (1) Clear Cutting of Vegetations Natural vegetations within the ROW will be all cleared which include 1,584 trees, 35,532 seedling, 202,320 saplings and 9,234 bamboo culms. (2) Loss of Forest Area The ROW of natural gas pipeline will be all cleared for trenching and pipelaying activities. The affected area will be 112.5 rai (18 hectare) located within Thong Pha Phum National Park. (3) Loss of Tree Volume The natural gas pipeline development will induce the loss of tree volume of 1,410.39 cu.m. and bamboo of 9,234 poles. The total value for these resources is ENVX401i97125/CHAP.5DOC PAGE 5-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PBOJECr FINAL REPORT estimated to be 2,555,681.42 baht (2,499,632.42 baht for tree and 56,049.00 baht for hbmboo). (4) Alteration of Forest Ecosystem The natural gas pipeline ROW will be cleared, thus, the rich ecological communities will be altered to the pioneer stage with weeds and small plants as the dominant species. This new phase of the succession has the lower ecological values. (5) Disturbance of the Reserved Areas The strip of forest to be disturbed will be located within proposed Thong Pha Phum national park. The construction activities will have some impacts on this reserved area. The natural gas pipeline will pass the Sai Yok Natonal park at 2 sections namely: (I) KP43 to KP47 with approximately 4 km of distance and (ii) Kwae Noi river at Ban Phu Ong Ka with approximately 400 m of distance along the river the constructional method in this 2 sections will use the Directional Drill to avoid the Sai Yok national park (Figure 5.6-1). 5.6.2 Operation Period During the operation period, there will be no direct impacts on forest communities. However, the cleared area will open up the forest canopy and the seedlings will be exposed to high intensity of sunlight which may inhibit growth of some species of shaded species. However, the magnitude of impact will be limited because the weeds and other opportunistic species will rapidly occupy the clear areas and lead to natural succession. The climax community will be dry evergreen forest. Therefore, the impact during operation period is minimal. 5.6.3 Without Project Development Considering the forestry resource without the proposed project, the vegetative clearing will not be necessary. Thus, the accumulation of biomass will be continuous which will contribute benefit to mankind, wildlife and ecosystem. Considering only the timber value in the affected area within the Thong Pha Phum national Park, the annual timber ENV I 0097126ICHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-21 2 A ~~~ ~-t~w . AC pi T NATUAL GS PIPELINE AT SAI YOK NATINLPR 0 Vb~ ~ ~ ~~~~ m FIGURE 5.6-1 THE POSITION OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PASS THRU SAl YOK NATIONALS PIPPARK (SI -V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-z . 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 3 incremental volume will be 36.569 m or worth about 61,210.57 baht and the bamboo of I A ,0 il-, vialiud at 14A nl0 ba. Thus, the to+o! in.rtemenr ! of the t,mh r -l " 75,224.57 baht. This sustainable yield will be obtained every year with value increase annually according to the inflation rate i.e. given the inflation rate of 7% per annum, in the next 10 years the value of incremental timber will be 1,039,336.36 baht and the 20 year the value will be 3,083,868.28 baht until the 50 year the value will be 30,580,963.91 Baht. The sustainable yield of timber will be obtained indefinitely. Also without the project condition, the forest ecology will not be damaged, and sustained. 5.7 WILDLIFE 5.7.1 Construction Period The impact assessment on the wildlife resource in the construction phase of the pipeline route, here, will be expressed by degrees of impacts that likely to occur from the project implementation on 3 wildlife groups and their respective responses to such undesirable impacts. (1) Adaptable species Those wildife species with high adaptability to the changing environmental conditions, and, the project activities do not cause any declines in the normal populations and the shrinkages of the local distributions. Also included, are those wild animals known to inhabit the surrounding protected areas, but still absent in the project area. (2) Advantageous species Those highly-adaptable wildlife species can survive well in the changed environmental conditions, and, the various project activities also enhance the increments of the populations and the enlargements of the distributions, including their preferred habitats and ecological riches becoming better in overall conditions. ENV10004,7125'CHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-23 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (3) Disadvantageous species Those having low adaptability to changing environmental conditions. A particular project activity may affect the wildlife species thus resulting in lowering of local nnniiI;tinn nimhbers in the chrinknaie rif the rrfitrihiitinnq inri in wnprcninri thpir normiirpri r-r ------ ----- 7-,-. " - - ;__ -*- -_-_-_-,_-_*-__ n ecological habitat conditions, or, affecting their basic needs. In addition, some of the project activities may create more severities, directly or indirectly, to the already-existing problems. From the present assessment of impacts that likely to occur in the project construction on the wildlife resource, it is found that of the total 541 wildlife species known to inhabit the project area and the surrounding protected areas, there are the highest 342 (63.22%) adaptable species, the 135 (24.95%) advantageous species, and, the lowest 64 (11.83%) disadvantageous species. Dealing solely with the 407 wildlife species that do existing or expected to exist in the project area, they comprise the highest 209 (51.35%) adaptable species, the 134 (32.92%) advantageous species, and, the lowest 64 (15.73%) disadvantageous species. The details of each group and its respective impacts are as follows: (a) Adaptable wildlife species This group is composed of 209 wildlife species which comprising 27 mammal species (12.92%), 140 bird species (66.99%), 29 reptilian species (13.88%) and 13 amphibian species (6.22%). The 27 adaptable mammal species can survive successfully in many types of habitat conditions and possess high natural reproductive rates, such as the Northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangen), the Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), the Small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), etc.; also some species with high flying mobility, i.e. the bats, can avoid the undesirable effects of the project activities. The 140 adaptable bird species, are mainly those which nnt only beinn highly-adaptable to changing environmental conditions, but also possessing the power of flying so capabling to escape from almost all undesirable effects, such es the Scaly-breasted ENV104a71251CHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT munia (Lonchura punctulata), the Brown-throated sunbird (Anthreptes malacensis), the Golden-crested myna (Ampeliceps coronatus), the Blue rock-thrush (Monticola solitarius), the White-bellied yuhina (Yuhina zantholeuca), the House swrft (Apus nipalensis), the Large hawk-cuchoo (Cuculus sparverioides), etc. The reptilian species, regarded as adaptables, are composed of 29 species that can adjust themselves well to the changing environmental conditions, but being low in moving ability. They are usually neglected small animals, such as the Siamese ground gecko (Phyllodactylus siarmensis), the Long-tailed skink (Mabuya longicaudata), the Ground skinks (Scincella spp.), the Common whip snake (Ahaetulla prasina), the Mock viper (Psammodynastes pulverulentus), etc. Other larger species of more efficiency of moving about on and in water, such as the Indo-chinese rat snake (Ptyas korros), the Common checkerback (Xenochrophis flavipunctatus), the Copperhead racer (Elaphe radiata), the Water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), etc. The 13 adaptable amphibian species are mainly smaiksized animais living on the forest floors or around the water bodies; it is fortunate that most are not esteemed as delicacies by local villagers, such as the Variegated toad-frog (Leptobrachium hasselti,), the Mountain frog (Rana alticola), the Burmese frog (Rana leptoglossa), the Indian cascade frog (Rana livida), the Common stream frog (Rana pileata), the Common dwarf frog (Philautus parvulus), etc. (b) Advantageous wildlife species The wildlife species that actually living and expected to live in the project area, regarded as advantageous species that benefit from the project implementation, here numbering to 134 species, comprising 1 mammal species (0.75%), 101 bird species (75.37%), 15 reptilian species (11.9%) and 17 amphibian species (12.69%). Sole advantageous mammal species, the Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), is a highly adaptable carnivore that lives near human habitations, from which it hunts for domestic chicken and ducks and roosts in the rice barns. So the clearance of forests for the pipeline route will provide it with more foraging grounds. ENVIO4A97125/CHAP-6.OOC PAGE 5-25 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT As high as 101 bird species are the advantageous wildlife species, they are denizens of the open fields and disturbed habitats, in which they seek for insects, seeds and other smaller animals, such as the Black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus), the Chinese francolin ([rancolnus plntadeanus), the Plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus), the Grey wagtail (Motacilla cinerea), the Ashy minivet (Pericrocotus divaricatus), the Oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis), etc. The 15 advantageous reptilian species are smalksized animals of high adaptability and being fond of sunning themselves on the exposed perches, so the open spaces are essential for their daily activities, such as the Flat-tailed gecko (Cosymbotus platyurus), the Forest lizard (Calotes emma), the Red-headed lizard (Calotes versicolor), the Variable skink (Mabuya macularia), the indo-chinese rat snake (Ptyas korros), etc. The project activities will certainly benefit at least 17 amphibian species which are the common species of open fields and disturbed habitats. So the 20-m forest clearances by the present project will enhance the presences of their preferred habitats, such as the Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), the Common puddle frog (Phrynoglossus martens,), the Paddyfield green frog (Rana erythraea), the Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis), together with many species of froglets in the family Microhylidae. (c) Disadvantageous wildlife species This wildlife group of 64 species that actually living or expected to live in the project area, of which comprising the highest 53 mammal species (82.81%), 7 bird species (10.94%), 3 reptilian species (4.69%) and 1 amphibian species (1.56%). The 53 disadvantageous mammal species are those sensitive to the project activities, starting from the presence of the site surveyers, the cutting down of some vegetations along the pipeline route, and, the introduction of workers and some machineries into the project area. These human disturbances will certainly drive them away from the construction sites and/or block their migration routes; in addition, the workers might be tempted to hunt some wild animals as food. These mammal species include the Malayan flying lemur (Cynocephalus variegatus), the Phayre's leaf monkey (Semnopithecus ENVIGO4jI712BICHAP5.DOC PAGE 5-26 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELtNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT phayre,), the Tiger (Panthera tigris), the Leopard cat (PrionaiJurus bengalensis), the Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), the - Fea s runtjk (Munti3Acus Aae), the Southem serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis), etc. Only a low number of 7 bird species are considered disadvantageous to the project activities. They are birds of the pristine forest conditions which can not adapt to inhabit the so-created open habitats along the pipeline route. Their ill adaptability prevents them from co-existing with human, so their local movements will be substantially limited by the project implementation. Among them, there are the Bar-backed partridge (Arborophila brunneopectus), the Scaly-breasted partridge (Arborophila chloropus), the Grey peacock- pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum), the White-bellied woodpecker (Dryocopus javensis), the Great slaty woodpecker (Mullenpicus pulverulentus), the Striated bulbul (Pycnonotus striatus) and the Slaty-backed forktail (Enicurus schistaceus). The 3 disadvantageous reptilian species are mostly slow-moving forest animals. The present construction of the pipeline roLite, not only block their local movements, but the clearances of lush vegetations also expose them to hungry predatory animals as well as to the project workers. They are the Elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), the Burmese brown tortoise (Manouria emys) and the Marble monitor lizard (Varanus nebulosus). Only 1 amphibian species considered as a disadvantageous wildlife species, the Malayan giant frog (Rana blythii), is a large-sized frog of the clear forest streams. The pipeline construction at some sites closed or paralleled to the streams will unavoidably accumulate more bank debris, which lately washed down into the streams. The so-created sediment will directly destroy the spawning habitat of this frog, and the frogs themselves being hunted as foods. The construction activity at KPO to KP30 will be carried out in dry season with 2 groups. The first group will be responsible for the section KPO to KP15 and the section KP30 to the end point at KP20 will be the responsibility of second group. Both ENV1004097125/CHAP-5.DOC PAGE 5-27 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT groups will start to work at the some time with the productivity rate of 250-300 metre per day, thus, this task will be finished within 4.5 months. For the steep slope, especially at KP20 section with about 250 m of distance, the cable will be employed first by means of Backhoes which installed the pneumatic hammers. 5.7.2 Post-construction Period After the construction phase, the available access roads and paths used for carrying equipments and machineries into the sites should be properly maintained for future services and maintenances. The 20-m wide forest clearance to accommodate the pipeline will more or less act as a barrier against the local movements of some arboreal animals, such as the macaques, leaf monkeys, squirrels, etc. In crossing such wide gap, the small mammals will have some difficulties to pass without being noticed by the waiting predatory animals. 5.8 LAND USE 5.8.1 Construction Period The pipeline route will pass through many kinds of land use pattern such as community, agricultural area, and forest. The impact on particular types of land use is as described follows: (1) Community This land use type comprises of various houses, row houses, police stations, and government offices. The high density of houses are located in Amphoe Muang and Amphoe Chom Bung, Ratchaburi province, However, if the right of way is considered only 20 meters strip on each side of the line, there are only 26 houses that need to be evacuated. Hence, the impact to the people lived along the pipeline is not high People who have houses in the right-of-way can move their houses out only a few meters. ENV1004/9712s/CHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-28 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT (2) Agricultural Area Most of crops -growVI ,ing wit.hin 100 metas strip 'irum the pipeiine route are upland crops such as sugarcane, cassava, maize and some mixed orchards. The upland crops are 1 perennial plants except maizes that last only 4 months. They can be harvested before the project is implemented. In case of mixed orchard, the owners will receive cash as the compensation. The impact to agricultural area is considered to be low levels because most of upland crops are short season and can be harvested before the project start. (3) Forest The forest within the right-of-way comprises of dry evergreen trees, bamboo, and other plantations. Some of them are mostly found in watershed area class 1A and 1B of Kanchanaburi. The impacts to forest are related wrth the tree losses which will cause erosion to hazardous level. Careful measures have to be used and implemented in this study area. The project will provide the 2 areas for the stock yard as follows: For the piep stock yard the project will be provided with 2 station at; (a) Rental area at Ban Hong Ka Yeng with the area of 50 rais. (b) Rental area at KM.96 of Highway No.4 with the area of 20 rai. Since the both areas are agricultural land use type with flat terrain, thus the impacts on the land use are unforeseen. 5.8.2 Operation Period It is expected that after the project is operated, the pattern of land use will not changed. The distance that has effects to land use pattern is very narrow and is specified for underground. Therefore, the impact on land use in operation period is considered to be low levels. ENV1004/7125/CHAP.5.DWC PAGE 5-29 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 5.9 TRANSPORTATION 5.9.1 Effect on Road Network 5.9.1 Construction Period The construction phase of the natural gas pipeline will cause two primary effect on road: - Temporary traffic interference on every intersections between the gas pipeline route and the roads - The increase of traffic load due to the movement of project vehicles. (1) Traffic Interference at the Intersection The gas pipeline could intersect 7 highways at 6 points from Tie-in-point at Ban I Tong to Ratchaburi terminal. At every intersections, the gas pipeline is passed under highway foundation through a casing which will be designed to carry the extra traffic loads. Interference on the highway traffic is partially resulted from operation of equipments, trenching the highway surface, laying the pipeline in the trench, and backfilling. However, frontage access or detour will be properly provided to improve a temporary inconvenience during construction at these intersections. This adverse effect is perceived as the short- term impact. With proper engineering design and construction practices, the construction of onshore pipeline crossing the road/highway and railway is considered as minor impact. (2) The Addition of Project Vehicles to the Local Traffic The coated pipe for the pipeline route is generally transported to the construction site and continuously moving to the new location by means of the most appropriate direct route leading to the construction area. During the transportation process, the project vehicles moving materials and labors will yield the heavy traffic of most highways and feeder roads heading to the gas pipeline route. However, this effect is only a short-term, them the effect can be considered as insignificant impact. ENV1004/97125/CHAP.S.DOC PAGE 5-30 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FiNAL REPORT 5.9.1.2 Operation Period life opelation of the pipeline p,oJect will n0t sihlow tIhle impact orI transportation network because the pipeline is always iocated in underground along the road. 5.9.2 Effect on Navigation 5.9.2.1 Construction Period During construction phase of EGAT power plant sections at Ratchaburi province, the pipe transshipments is used only by Mae Klong river. Then, transportation process will disturb only for short-term local navigation, and the effects can be considered as minor. However, this suspended section can create a hazard to navigation, thus the proper warning buoys to mark the pipe transshipments route is necessary. 5.9.2.2 Operation Period In case of the Mae Klong pipe crossing, the exact location of the pipeline route must be put into navigation chart for proper waming of all vessels. Thus, the effect can be considered as insignificant levels. 5.10 COMPENSATION 5.10.1 Construction Period As for previous report mentioned that only 26 houses of 130 people will be affected by the study project. These people can move their houses and properties only a few meters from the right-of-way. Hqwever there will be some impacts occurred to the effected people as follows: - Fair compensation rate, and - Negotiation on relocation schedule and price of properties. ENV10419712W/CHAP-5DOC PAGE 5-31 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 5.10.2 Operation Period People who get an effect from the project implementation may confront with various problems of living either building a house or the orchard due to they can not affordabie to buy a new iand With the obtained compensation. 5.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC Generally, the respondents of both households and key-informants seemed to agree in opinion that the project does not have serious impacts on the local communities, i.e., incase of land use, since a large portion of gas pipeline area passes to reserved forest, national park and by road side, and PTT will not construct road or infrastructure; only the land used for gas pipeline construction will be restored as good as before. The same view also expressed about impacts on social issues especially on education and health, development schemes in term of building or stimulation consciousness, and impacts on recreation and landscape. However, if PTT develops the areas for tourist attraction, it will improve the landscape and consequently recreation area considerably. Most of respondents consistently answered that the project would not affect the local communities strongly. Nevertheless, by based on the evaluation of project impacts independently from each source, i.e., household survey, in-depth interview and local situations under specific social and cultural background, it was found that positive impacts are greater significance than the negative ones as elaborated below: 5.1 1.1 Construction Period (1) Positive Impact - Stimulating economic growth and activities in forms of increased local employment, more job opportunity and boosting local trade particularly in ncnsrutinn materials, contraction, lodginin food se!!ing and banking. ENV1004/971251CHAP-5.DOC PAGE 5-32 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT - Higher land price especially around the area of Ratchaburi Power Plant because U lanud uevelopment in the area. Business enterprises and industry are also expected to increase. - Stimulating the interest of govemment officials to develop the project area including the cooperation with people for local administration. - Health care in the area will be improved by the government and PTT officials because during the construction period, the members of people in the project area are increased considerably resulting from increasing need for better health care services which officials have to pay more attention in this aspect. - As for education, the projects activities can be used as a case study for students in the fields of environment and technological studies and to improve their knowledge and experiences. This will help in developing strong awareness of n6irnmen.t.a! issues. (2) Negative Impact Though the negative impact is concemed with ecology and occurs in a relatively short period during the project construction, it should be realized and remedied accordingly to the main policies that the project does not neglect local people. Most of the negative impacts are described in the realms of psychological and environmental aspects as below: - Psychological effect can be detected in forms of wariness about safety measures especially during the testing of gas delivery and the anxiety about harmful acts from the minority groups during the construction period. Other disturbances are inconveniences in commuting between home and workplace or outside areas during the construction. - The environmental effects are mainly the increasing dust and noise pollution during the construction. These problems are normally come from trucking, loading/unloading of materials, and working machine. The ENV1004/97125/CHAP-5.DOC PAGE 5-33 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT wood cutting in the construction areas is including noise from working camps and increasing numbers of vehicles. These will affect the environmental system of habitats and forest. - The other negative impacts of lesser significant are the economic condition by some land will be lost, and forest products will be reduced because of the project construction. Local labour cost will be higher rate because many of them will be satisfied to work for the project during the construction. However, this is also a good situation for working households. Economic impacts can therefore be positive and negative sides at the same time. 5.11.2 Operation Period (1) Positive Impact - Economic gain from having additional electric powers which can be used in industries and business in addition to household consumption resulting in economic progress for local communities and a whole. - Better communication facilities. Though the project does not construct new roads, the land filled space above the gas pipeline route can be used for travelling to some degree. In addition, the gas pipeline operation systems which include safety monitoring procedure and devices will contribute to villager choices for communication particularly the track from Ban Rai to Pu Thong will serve as a short-cut between these two communities. (2) Negative Impact - The effect on land price around the gas pipeline areas will be considerably lower. - The psychological effect will be strong in actions if there is no proper public relations program to reduce local people wariness about safety ENV1OD4/97126/CHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-34 ELA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT measures of the project. The fear of gas leakage and explosion and violent accienis created by smal' thiliirdbe minority along the bordenine will make the project less acceptable to local residence. 5.12 PUBLIC HEALTH 5.12.1 Construction Period Dust from the construction activities such as soil excavatinrg, pipeline laying, reclamation and equipment installation may be the major causes of diseases of the respiratory system of the workers. Since more than 70% of gas pipeline transmission will be laid along the highway strip and the construction requires many heavy equipments such as Back Holes trucks and motor grader, thus working with carelessness and skillessness may be the principal causes of accidents and injuries. It is expected that workforces in construction period is about 600 persons. It is also forecasted that about 50% of workers which are technicians will be recruited from the other regions and the remainder will be recruited from the local people. In addition, the constractors plan to establish construction camp within 2 areas namely, the first area is located at Amphoe Thong Pha Phum and the second area is located at Amphoe Chom Bung. Thus, the influx of the workers may affect to the quality of local public health care services. In addition, the contractors have to provide the first aid unit at the construction office. The over-crowded condition, improper ventilation and bad hygiene condition in workers camps will cause the epidemics such as cholera, food poisoning, and diarrhoea. In addition, the relaxation at the brothel of the workers will be the main cause of venereal diseases and aids spreading. These may infect and contact to local communities around the project site. Thus, this is the responsibility of contractors to set up prevention measures in order to get rid of these problems. ENV100419712SICHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-35 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT It is also expected that the contractors will provide the mobile temporary offices accommodated with latrine unit and first aid unit inside. These offices will be moved along the construction route. 5.12.2 Operation Period No negative effects on public health is foreseen during the operation period. It is resulted from the effective safety measures such as the signs showing restricted areas, and the instruction for any prohibited activities around the pipeline will be set up. Furthermore, it is ensured on safety and accident prevention that the mobile inspector will be accommodated within the gas pipeline. It will move along pipeline route all time to investigate the leak or some damage of the pipeline. And the maintenance will be carry out suddenly when any damages was found. 5.13 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH/SAFETY 5.13.1 Construction Period The main impact about occupational health and safety is concerned with the accidents and injury from construction activities. These activities are related to transportation, piling, and gas transmission pipe installation. Dust and lound noise will occurred due to the construction activities and it will be irritate to eyes, respiratory system and auditory nerve. Since some parts of this proposed transmission gas pipeline will be laid along the highway route, thus the chaotic condition between construction activities and local transportation may also occur. However, the impact in this issue due to the noise and dust will not be adversely because the gas pipeline is laid with some distance from communities. Thus, disturbance to the local communities will be at a minor level. ENV10041971251CHAP-S.DOC PAGE 5-36 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 5.13.2 Operation Period It i exrct.ed that ther, i on o 4 hea--h and -yfe, in op-ration period will be negligible. The activities in this period are related to the inspection of pipeline damage and maintenance. In addrtion, computer network will be set up to control gas transmitting through the pipeline. Accidents and injuries will be minimized from maintenance activities, if the staffs are fulfilled with skills and cares. 5.14 ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE The proposed project will have no adverse impact on any of the archaeological sites due to the remote distance of the pipeline from all of the concerned archaeological sites. The archaeological site nearby the pipeline about 500 m is Wang Pra Jao Cave. Thus, the impact on this archaeological site is not foreseen. 5.15 AESTHETIC AND TOURISM The major pipeline route will be paralleled with the road and highway. Most of the aesthetic/tourist attractions are generally located out of the study area except the area of Center Region Literatural Botanical Park. However, this pipeline route will be paralleled with highway No. 3087 and located at opposite side of this park. Thus the effect from the proposed project on the aesthetic/tourism of this area is considered as minor impact. ENV1004M712s5cHAP-5.DOC PAGE 5-37 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 6 KfITIfrATIr'NI f'ACAL 0r ANDr 'NVIRON0M NfTArrAI RANAEIA MENT IV IaI u-II II %J II 4I P%IJfl LIP-I'dL ITL14VFI I P%L IVI/AmI'mt3IVIarII 6.1 INTRODUCTION The recommendations and mitigation measures stated in this chapter (Table 6.1-1) are resulted from the assessment of potential impact described in Chapter IV and V. With the implement of the recommended measures along with the proper engineering practices, the adversed impacts to be induced from the project should be alleviated at the acceptable level. 6.2 MITIGATION MEASURES 6.2.1 Geology / Seismology 6.2.1.1 Construction Period - Design the pipeline and associated structure to withstand maximum ground acceleration of 0.2 g. - Prepare adequate contingency plan prior to construction and communicate the plan to all construction personnel in case of any accidents or earthquakes. - Make minor adjustments along the alignment to minimize any blasting or disturbance of geological setting in the area. 6.2.1.2 Operation Period - Conduct the detail geological and seismicity study in the vicinity of the pipeline with intension to identify possible active geological/ seismological structures. ENV1004/9712S/CHAP6.D0C PAGE 6-1 z TABLE 6.1-1 > 0 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURE a z x z Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure > t- m 1. Seismology Construction/ The proposed project will be in seismic zone. - Prepare adequate contingency plan prior to construction and communicate j z m Operation the plan to all construction personnel in case of any accidents or earthquakes. Y; - Make minor adjustments in alignment to minimize any blasting. m . Design the pipeline and associated structure to withstand maximum ground acceleration of 0.2 g. Conduct the detail geological and seismicity study in the vicinityg of the pipe- line with intension to identify posible active geological/seismolcgical structures. 2. Hydrology Construction - The erosion to be induced from the pipeline - The construction activity between KPO-KP30 during the dry season only. construction in watershed class 1A and 1B. * Plant Yar Fag IVetiveria sp. I and Legumes along the pipeline ROW as soon as the pipe is buried to reduce erosion. - Both sides of the trench should have the slope of less than 60Yo to prevent erosion. > _ r~ -u m m 0 -40 m Lm g TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) > 0 Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure > C) . $~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2. Hydrology iCont'dl Construction * Adjust the stream bed to the same condition to prevent stream scouring. v * Set up strip cropping along the slope where suitable to reduce erosion. m z - Clean up the stream banks to original condition to reduce erosion into m waterways. o Operation - erosion along the pipeline. Regularly check in stability of slope along the pipeline especially along KPO-KP3O. . Maintain strip cropping and covering plant along the pipeline route to be in good condition at all time. 3. Water Quality Construction Pipe laying will increase the suspended solid - Do not grade the entire right-of-way in the proximity of the waterway, grade concentration turbidity in the immediate area, only near the ROW eine for the was as working area * Concentrate the major pipe laying activities, e.g., grading, clearing, open cut crossing, etc. must be schedule between November to May. 0) m m - 0) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 m M TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 -nl z x~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure z c 3. Water Quality (Cont:di Construction Stop trenching activities short of water course bank to prevent silt-laden En -v -v water to enter the water course. The recommended minimum plug widgh m z is 3 m. m - Leave the undisturbed vegetative area about 10 m from the waler course O0 m until the crossing is imminent. -. . Do not wash equipment or machinery in waterway. - Inspect machinery and equipment used for construction to prevent any oil leakage. - Restore .the stream bed and restore the banks to their original conditions. - Plant native vegetations at the disturbed river banks lo speed urp the recovering period. - Apply proper erosion and sediment control at all waterways. - Store backfill material at least 10 m from the river course. - Grade way from the river course to deduce the silt entering into waterways. -I, m m -u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 0 4.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) 0 8 . TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) . m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 rA Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure 3 Water Ouality (Cont'd) Operation Discharge of chemical from hydrostatic test - Continuously monitor the pipeline operation leg. gas presure, flow, volume, -e of the pipeline. etc.) via SCADA. m - Gas leak from the pipeline. Periodically monitor along pipeline route to detect any protubiled activities m with in pipeline ROW. 2 _ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~m 4. Aquatic Biology Construction - Habitate blisturbance increase turbity and - The same measure as those for water quality. suspended solid in water column. Operation - Gas leakage from the pipeline may affect aquatic life. 5. Soils Construction - Soil erosion will be very high rate in WSC In high slope area the planning must be careful done to avoid soil erosion. 1A and 1 B if the pipe laying procedure is * In the preparing the land for pipe laying, only big trees are out and must be done without carefully plan. done in dry season to avoid soil erosion. > m m -u 91 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 (31 m 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd)> 0 w .X ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~> X ~ ~ ~~nvrnetlComponent Pha8se Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure Z Cj :>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 5. Soils ICont'd) Construction After laying the pipe revegetative program by growing legumes covers on > grass covers must be done immediately. m m On high slope area, berms or embankment should be done to diverl surface mz -U water. 20 m Operation - The erosion will cause surface soil because - To check the condition of plant covers and regrowth the covers if they are gully or in the worst cse mass movement dead or not grow well. may occur especially in slope is more than 35% in WSC 1 area. 6. Forestry Construction - Loss the forest area. - During the forest clearing within pipeline ROW, trees have to be forced to Forest ecology wilt be change. fall towards the centerline of the pipeline to minimize the disturbance on thle other plant near the RFOW boundary. - Logging of the trees should be carefully managed. Z m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m a)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 -4 < TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) 0 z _ Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure 6. Forestry (Contd) Operation - Forest ecology will be change. - PTT has to provide budget for reforestation accoding to RFD's regulation. Cf The reforestation area will be at least 852 rais. z - The selected area should be within the national park some with deteriorated m forest. Only local tree species will be planted in the area. 2 - After the pipe laying activities, the pipeline ROW must be left to be covered with natural vegetation and weeds to reduce the direct sunlight which may have some impacts on seedlings and shaded species. - PTr should support the educaticnal program for local communities around the national park namely; Ban I-Tong, Ban Rai Pu and Ban.Huai Pak Kok to make these people realize should include participants at all levels from pupil teenagers and general public. The program should be set up annually until the pipelaying activities are completed. :t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' z m m' 91 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 rn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- z < | TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) n0 2 _x Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure z > C) 7. Wildlife Construction The impact will be on 3 wildlife group 1. Mitigation measures - workers C" 1) Adaptable species the responsibled agency, together with the regional RFD ollicers, must m I- 21 Advantageous species cooperate and issue strict rules to ban all types of hunting in the project m 3) Disadvantageous species area, with strong punishments for the violators; 0 m - no pet animals is allowed to take into the national park areas as well as r, the project area; in order to avoid their spreading of some contagious diseases to the wild animals; - night travelling should be kept to the minimum; not to disturb tIre natural feeding habits of most wild animals; - camp sites of the workers should be out of the lorest aiea and away from the forest streams, for the wild animals can freely come to drink 2. Mitigation measures - construction practices * keep all the construction noises to the minimum and only necessary machineries used: - avoid working at night, so the wild animals will not be dislurbed when n foragging throughout the nightt;m m mv 0 o _ o co .___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) > 'n z Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure z 7. Wildlife iCont'dl Construction - engineers should be consulted to obtain the narrowest possible cleared > strip when passing through dense forest stands; the closer the forest ; m canopy, the easier the passages of arboreal animals; m m - if possible, the laying down of the pipes at the sites near or parallel 0 to the streams should be done in the dry season, in order to avoid unnecessary fouling of the streams. 3. Mitigation measures - additionals - The Petroleum Authority of Thailand should support the .regional forest offices by providing the forest protection unit. - PTT should sponser the seminars on wildlife conservation to the populace in surrounding villages, such as the Ban E-tong, Ban Rai Pa, Ban Huai Pak Khok, etc. Operation - The small mammals will have some - To keep the cleared strip covered with natural low vegetations by difficulties to pass the available access successions, where the small mammals can hide themselves successfully roads and paths used for carrying when moving about across the strip, . > > equipments and machineries - All access road should be properly paved and used for hunting controls, I- G) . Dm m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ m z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd)> S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > z > Environmenital Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure z -4 c G) 8. Land Use Construction 26 houses have to be evacuated in 40 - Minmize the torest are to be disturbed and cleared by the projec: meters strip. - Minimnize tree cutting along the ROW. mI- > -The trees within ROW will be cutted. - Adjust the route ( if possible) to avoid community. m -o 0 Z m Operation -The distance that has elffects to land use - Maintain the pipeline ROW from third party violationo is very narrow and underground so the impact to land use is to be tow. 9. Transportation Construction -Interlace the traffic flow -Transport coated pipe from the part to construction site duting oIl peak houir. -Increase the traffic volume from Minimize the liming for bore crossing under the major highway e q, construction activities HW 4,323,3087,3209, 3272 and 3274 and railroad -Provide proper frontage and access during the crossing construct on -Map out the transportation route for equipment and coated pipe lo minimnize traffic. > (7)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 m Mm r0 m 0 -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) > 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~z Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure z C) 9. Transportation IConitd) Construction Inform local residens about the construction activities/schedules should be rr -u support to minimize traffic congestions. C z - Co-ordinate with local authorities, e.g., potic community leaders and highway m department, about the construction schedule and this information can be 0 transfered to local communities. - The railroad should be also considered. Operation The pipeline will be underground along the road - Put information on pipeline route in the road maps and/or topographic maps. so the impact is considered insignificant. - Inform the concerned authorities. e.g., Department of Highway, Depart. of Rural Development. etc., about new pipeline route. 10. Compensation Construction - 26 house on 130 people must be evacuated. - Set up public relation progrm to infgrm affected residents about the project. - Compensation price should be fair and reflected the market price. - Compensation process should be speeded up to lessen the impact on affected communities. -a C -J -4 TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) 0 z Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure z _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -4 C 10. Compensation ICont'd} Operation Follow up and assist the affected families along the pipeline routa on their basic needs. m z m -v -0 11. Socio-Economic Construction 1. Positive Impact - The project should release and distibute inlormation about the project to rn Stimulating economic growth and activities local people and other interested parties. in forms of in crease local employment, - The coordinate and co-operation with concerned organizations to jointly draft more job opportunity and boosting local workplan the can be reatisticly implement with continuity and in-t me. trade, contraction lodging and food selling. Higher land price especially around EGAT power plant. Stimulating the interest of government officials to develop the project's area. Health care in the area will be improved both by the government and PTT fficials. W .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T m m 0 rn~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure C 11. Socio-Economic ICont'd) Construction - In educational sphere, the project construction activities can be used as a ii case of study for students in the lields of environment and technological studies to c improve their knowledge and experience. 2. Negative Impact - Psychological aftect can be dtected in form of worriness about safety measure. . Increase dust and noise during construction. Operation 1. Positive Impact - PTT officials have to observe the safety rules or regulation strictly at the * Economic gain irom having additional same time trying to convince local people about their effectiveness with electric powers. clear and understandable information until the majority people feel that the - Better communication facilities. projects safety measures are realty effective and can be trusted. rT m :1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C zM TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) > 0 T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure Z r ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z -4 c 11. Socio-Econornic (Contdl Operation 2. Negative Impact > The land price around the gas pipeline - PTT should participate significantly in local community development in form > U) 'a area which will be considerably lower. of technical and / or financial support in the fields of health and education m m The psychological affect will be strong if and communication facilities which many villages. . Z m there is no proper public valuations . program to reduce local people's worriness r about safety measure of the project. 12. Public Health Construction - Health problem and accidents - Provide first aid unit at the construction site and camp Living condition in construction camps - Establish appropriate working condition at construction areas - Provision of proper health and environmental sanitation improvement in workers communities. - Provide adequate safety devices and set stringent regulations. - Train personnel on usage of safety equipment. - Spray water on uncovered ground to reduce dust. -n - Provide the traffic sign showing the construction area. z p . - Install the warning signal in the dangerous area or during the night lime. r . _ .-m t~~~~ ________ _____ _______________________ ______________________________________ -4 rr TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) > c z Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure 2 C) 12. Public Hlealth IContid) Operation - Public health and occupational health problems. - Conduct comprehensive training programs, with special attention to pollution en -u control, safety and fire preventicn. m z Hazardous events from gas leakage. - Keep records of accidents. m Keep equipment in good working condition. 0 C1- - Set stringent safety regulation. Maintain pipeline and associated facilities regularly. Establish proper contingency plans for emergencies. . Post warning sign along pipeline route. Follows ASME code for piping. Provide the measures for protection of gas leakage in this following: - Provide simultaneous pipeline monitoring program to observe the conditions on and adjacent to ihe pipeline right-of-way for determine the leakage point, construction activity other than that performed by the company and any factors affecting the safety and operation of the pipeline. . Records of above inspections shall be maintained for the life of facilities. z X 0) - 01 -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd) > n0 f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Environmental Component Phase Cause of Impact Mitigation Measure z 12. Public Health (Cont'd) Operation Provision of bunkering or blast walls around block values. - Firewalls/fire-proffing of structures. m z - Provision of escape routes for employees. m - Provision of safety and emergency training for employees. 0 - Implementation of emergency procedures on and off-site. - Provision of public alert systems and education of public. - Planning and training for evacuation. - Provision of safety buffer-zones around the block value boundafy. 13. Archaeological/Historical Value - No impact on the existing archaeological and historical value 14. Aesthetic/rourism - No impact on the existing aesthetic and tourism. m - 0 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 6.2.2 Hydrology 6.2.2.1 Construction Period - The construction activities between KPO-KP30 must be done during the dry season. - Plant Yar Fag (Vertiveria sp.) and Legumes along the pipeline ROW as soon as the pipe is buried to reduce erosion. - Both sides of the trench should have the slope of less than 60% to prevent erosion. - Stabilize stream beds to the same condition to prevent stream scouring. - Set up strip cropping along the slope where suitable to reduce erosion. - Clean up the stream banks to original condition to reduce erosion into waterways. 6.2.2.2 Operation Period - Regularly check the stability of slope along the pipeline especially along KPO- KP30. - Maintain strip cropping and covering vegetation along the pipeline route in good condition at all time. 6.2.3 Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology 6.2.3.1 Construction Period - Do not grade the entire right-of-way in the proximity of the waterway, grade only near the ROW enough for the working area. - Concentrate the major pipe-laying activities, e.g., grading, clearing, open cut crossing, etc. must be between November to May. ENVI00497 126ICHAP-6.OC PAGE 6-17 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PiPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT - Stop trenching activities short of water course bank to prevent silt-laden water to enter the water course. The recommended minimum plug width is 3 m. - Leave the undisturbed vegetative area about 10 m from the water course until the crossing is imminent. - Do not wash equipment or machinery in waterways. - Inspect machinery and equipment used for construction to prevent any oil leakage. - Restore the stream bed and restore the banks to their original conditions after pipe-laying activities. - Plant native vegetations at the disturbed river banks to speed up the recovering period. - Apply proper erosion and sediment control at all waterways. - Store backfill material at least 10 m from the river course. - Grade away from the river course to reduce the silt entering into waterways. 6.2.3.2 Operation Period - Continuously monitor the pipeline operation (e.g. gas pressure, flow, volume, etc) via SCADA. - Periodically monitor along pipeline route to detect any prohibited activities within pipeline ROW. 6.2.4 Soils 6.2.4.1 Construction Period Careful planning must be done to avoid soil erosion. In high slope area, the land should be clear only when the pipe is ready to be lard. In preparing the land for pipe-laying, only big trees are out. When the time of laying the pipe comes, all small tree, shrubs or ENV10049712ICAP-8.DOC PAGE 6-18 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT 'INAL REPORT grass will be clear. The laying procedure should be concentrated in dry season to avoid soil erosion. After iaying the pipe revegelative program by groWing legu-inous or grass covers must be done immediately. On high slope area, berms or embankment should be done to divert run off water. 6.2.4.2 Operation Period Maintain the condition of plant covers and regrowth the covers if they are dead or not grow well. 6.2.5 Forestry 6.2.5.1 Construction Period The foreseen impact during the nature gas pipeline construction period will be directly from forest clearina which cannot be avoided. However, the magnitude of impact can be alleviated as follows: - During the forest clearing within pipeline ROW, trees have to be forced to fall toward,s the centerline of the pipeline to minimize the disturbance on the other plant near the ROW boundary. - Logging of the trees logs should be managed carefully. - Prohibit construction workers and staff from cutting trees in natural forest for construction. Strong enforcement has to be practised. - The construction supervisors and workers need to watch for any illegal logging in the area and inform the local authority as soon as possible. - PTT has provided the budget for reforestation according to RFD's regulation. The reforestation area will be at least 852 rais. - PTT should support the educational program for local communities around I along the project site namely; Ban I-Tong, Ban Rai Pa, Ban Huai Pak Khok and etc. to make these people realize of the forest resource value and ENV1004/97125/CHAP-SDOC PAGE 6-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT should include participant at all levels from pupils, teenagers and general public. The program should be set up annually until the pipelaying activities are completed. PTT has to provide budget for setting forest protected and forest fire control unit. 6.2.5.2 Operation Period - Monitoring the trees growth within reforestation area will be done continuously. - After the pipe-laying activities, the pipeline ROW must be left to be covered with natural vegetation and weeds to reduce the direct sunlight which may have some impacts on seedlings and shaded species. 6.2.6 Wildlife 6.2.6.1 Construction Period (1) Mitigation measures - workers - the responsibled agency, together with the regional RFD offices, must cooperate and issue strict rules to ban all types of hunting in the project area, with strong punishments for the violators; - no pet animals is allowed to take into the national park areas as well as the project area; in order to avoid their spreading of some contagious diseases to the wild animals; - night travelling should be kept to the minimum; not to disturb the natural feeding habits of most wild animals; %.& Mtgation measures - construction practices - keep all the construction noises to the minimum and only necessary machineries used; ENV100d?126ICHAP4.OOC PAGE 6-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJEcT FINAL REPORT - avoid working at night, so the wild animals will not be disturbed when foraging throughout the night; - engineers should be consulted to obtain the narrowest possible cleared strip when passing through dense forest stands; the closer the forest canopy, the easier the passages of arboreal animals; - if possible, the laying down of the pipes at the sites near or parallel to the streams should be done in the dry season, in order to avoid unnecessary fouling of the streams. (3) Mitigation measures - additionals - The Petroleum Authority of Thailand should support the regional forest offices by providing forest protection unit. - PTT should sponser the seminars on wildlife conservation to the populace in surrounding villages, such as the Ban 1-tong, Ban Rai Pa, Ban Huai Pak Khok, etc. 6.2.6.2 Post-construction Period The mitigation measure practised in this phase is to keep the cleared strip covered with natural low vegetations by successions, where the small mammals can hide themselves successfully when moving about across the strip. Also all access road should be properly paved and used for hunting controls. 6.2.7 Land Use 6.2.7.1 Construction Period - Minimize the forest area to be disturbed and cleared by the project. - Minimize tree cutting along the ROW. - Adjust the route. (if possible) to avoid community. ENV1O04197125/CHAP-6.DOC PAGE 6-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 6.2.7.2 Operation Period - Maintain the pipeline ROW from third party violation. 6.2.8 Transportation 6.2.8.1 Construction Period - Transport coated pipe from the pipe yard to construction site during non- rush hours. - Minimize the timing for bore crossing under the major highway e.g., HW. No.4A 323, 3272, 3209, 3274, 3085, 3087 and railroad. - Provide proper frontage and access roads during the crossing construction. - Map out the transportation route for equipment and coated pipe to minimize traffic. - Inform local residents about the construction activities/schedules to minimize traffic congestions. - Co-ordinate with local authorities, e.g., police, community leaders and highway department, about the construction schedule and transfer information to local communities. - The railroad should be also considered as mean of transport pipe from Lam Chabang Port to the project site. 6.2.8.2 Operation Period - Add information on pipeline route in the road maps and topographic maps. - Inform the concerned authorities, e.g., Dept. of Highway, Dept. of Rural Development, etc., about new pipeline route. ENVtO04B712SICHAP4.DOC PAGE 6-22 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 6.2.9 Compensation 6.2.9.1 Construction Period - Set up public relation program to inform affected residents about the project. - Compensation price should be fair and reflected the market price. - Compensation process should be speeded up to lessen the impact on affected communities. 6.2.9.2 Operation Period - Follow up and assist the affected families along the pipeline route on their basic needs. 6.2.10 Socio-Economic 6.2.10.1 Construction Period As reported earlier, during the construction period some negative impacts will occur; this includes psychological affect, from worrying about the project's safety measures, inconvenient communication and environmental affects such as increasing dust, noise, forest destruction and so on. All of these need to be remedied to minimize the effects as best as possible. The important mitigation measures are proposed below: - The project should release and distribute information about the project to local people and other interested parties sufficiently; information to distributed is about the nature of the project, safety measures and devices, schedule of the construction system, traffic lines and regulation during the construction period with intension to reduce local inconvenience as much as possible. For example, conducting heavy construction during daytime, water spraying to reduce dust, replanting trees etc. The information distributed should be precise, clear and easy to comprehend. In addition, some ENV1004S 712S/CHAP.6.DOC PAGE 6-23 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT misunder-standing or wrong idea about the project's nature, e.g., afraid of gas dissolved into the soil, polluting the ground water for drinking and household use, has to be corrected to reduce unnecessary fear of the local people. The coordination and co-operation with concerned organizations, e.g., local government body, private sector and others to jointly draft workplan that can be realisticly implemented with continuity and in-time. A coordination center should be established to facilitate working condition and stimulate local participation or at least not to obstruct the project's work. Local government officials and PTT should work together for the monitoring of the work progress and solve problems which may be arisen from various. 6.2.10.2 Operation Period The dominant negative question for operation period is about the safety measures in relation to gas pipe line and gas delivery which many villagers are still worried about their effectiveness. The main remedy in this case is, therefore, to create confidence among local people in the project's safety measures. This means that PTT officials have to observe the safety rules or regulations strictly, at the same, time trying to convince local people about their effectiveness with clear and understandable information until the majority people feel that the project's safety measures are really effective and can be trusted. In addition, to boost PTT image among local communities and organization, PTr should participate significantly in local community development in forms of technical and/or financial supports in the fields of heafth and education and communication facilities which many village expect PTT will develop for them. The employment of local workers to be a part of PTT's work force will also help create positive attitude toward the project directly. ENVOO4"97125/CHAP-.6.0C PAGE 6-24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 6.2.11 Public Health 6.2.11.1 Construction Period - Provide first aid unit at the construction site's and camps. - Establish appropriate working condition at construction areas. - Provision of proper health and environmental sanitation improvement in worker's communities. - Provide adequate safety devices and set stringent regulations. - Train personnel on usage of safety equipment. - Maintain the equipments in good conditions include taking care of equipments utilization - Spray water on uncovered ground to reduce dust. - Provide the traffic sign indicating the construction areas. - instai! the warninn signal in the dangerous area or during the night time. 6.2.11.2 Operation Period - Conduct comprehensive training programs, with special attention to pollution, with special attention to pollution control, safety and fire prevention. - Keep records of accidents. - Keep equipment in good working condition. - Set stringent safety regulation. - Maintain pipeline and associated facilities regularly. - Establish proper contingency plans for emergencies. - Post warning sign along pipeline route. - Follow ASME code for piping. - Provide the measures for protection of gas leakage. ENVI/04g9712W/CHAP4.DOC PAGE 6-25 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT - Provide simultaneous pipeline monitoring program to observe the conditions on and adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way for determine the leakage point, construction activity other than that performed by the company and any factors affecting the safety and operation of the pipeline. - Records of above inspections shall be maintained for the life of facilities. - Provision of escape routes for employees at each block value. - Provision of safety and emergency training for employees. - Implementation of emergency procedures on and off-site. - Provision of public alert systems and education of public. - Planning and training for evacuation. - Provision of 20 m safety buffer-zones around the block value. - PTT carries insurance in not more than 30 million US$ per one accident to cover compensation for damaged properties and loss of life resulting from the operation of pipeline. 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT The Safety and Environment Subdivision of the Gas Pipeline Operation Department is directly responsible to coordinate the environmental managements and plan for the Gas Pipeline Project which have been established by the Safety and Environment Standard Division which is directly under the Deputy Govemor for the Natural Gas Operation. The managements and operations of this Department will be reported and instructed by the PTT Safety Administration Committee. 6.3.1 PiT Safety Policy PTT's policies on safety can be summarized as follows: (1) PTT realizes its responsibility on the improvement and maintenance of good working conditions, working environments and working approaches with respect to both internal and international standards. ENV1004A7125iCHAP.6.DOC PAGE 6-26 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (2) PTT will devote the time and resources in the personnel training towards ll iRllyll alu 1ill1lU-ll Z Il 3V1li~. (3) Safety is the responsibility of all personnel and is deemed as a part of the job. Managements at the department and division levels are required to include their safety programs in annual planning as the first priority. (4) It is the responsibility of all management group and personnel of all levels to inform all accidents occurred (Emergency Plan are shown in Appendix 1). 6.3.2 Operating and Maintenance on Safety of Gas Transmission Facilities The PTT Natural Gas Parallel Pipeline System has been designed according to the ASME Code for piping. An American National Standard is shown in Appendix J. The operating and maintenance for gas facilities during operation period will strictly follow the above operation manual. The recommended practices to alleviate impWt. on sfety d'ring construction period are as follows: - Provide first aid unit at the construction. site. - Establish appropriate working conditions at construction site including good light ventilation systems, proper maintain vehicles/equipments. - Set stringent safety regulations construction workers to be aware of the regulation measures by training or provision of the information/education. - Provide appropriate safety equipment including hard hats, safety glasses, ear plugs or muffs, gloves, and safety boots for concerned construction workers. - Train personnel on use of safety equipment and safety procedures, annually. - Keep regular records of accidents, causes and damages to prepare monthly reports on the concerned matter. - Keep equipments, machineries and vehicles operational conditions to reduce accident. ENV10047125/CHAP-6.DOC PAGE 6-27 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT - Post the warning sign along the pipeline route with clear instruction for any prohibited activities. - Proper training of pipeline operators on standard operating procedures and emergency procedures. - Maintain pipeline and associated facilities on annual basis. - Establish proper contingency plans for emergencies including provisions for notification of public. - Strictly follow ASME Code for pipeline operation and maintenance (Appendix J). 6.3.3 Environmental and Safety Training PTT continuously conduct the environmental and safety training programs for the pipeline system personnels as follow: (1) Introductory Course (include Loss Control) : 7 times a year. (2) Loss Control : twice a year or as required by the organization. (3) Special Skill : 3 times a year. (4) Safety : twice a year. (5) Fire Fighting Training: once a month. (6) Hazardous Chemicals: 5 times a year. 6.3.4 Recommendations The PTr Safety and Environmental sub-division of the Gas Pipeline Operation Department will be the responsible unit for implementation the proposed monitoring program. The environmental monitoring program will include terrestrial ecology, water/ aquatic biology samples during construction and operation phases. In addition, the monitoring of land use changes, socio-economic impacts, occupational health/safety, transportation / navigation and solid waste generations have to be conducted periodically as details stated in Chapter VII. During both construction and operation period of the pipeline, ENV100"712BCHAP4.DOC PAGE 6-28 rlrs.vr~ i'I n'fliw5 i.r.Sz sJIinc.~s~o IrErcuLS rlIvJJcI..* FINAL REPORT PTT will assigned the trained pipeline system and environmental personnel to monitor and maintain the suitable safety and environmental condition. Furthermore, the desinnated personnel will be trained in environmental management, safety, fire control, loss control and hazardous chemical management periodically to enhance their abilities to improve and maintain the proper environments, working conditions according to internal and international standards. ENV1004f97125/CHAP-6.DOC PAGE 6-29 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS 7.1 OBJECTIVE Environmental monitoring programs are essential tools to follow up actual environmental impacts induced by the natural gas pipeline project during on both construction and operation phases. This program will disclose the actual forms and magnitude of impacts on the concerned environmental resources with can be benefit in the modification couple with approved mitigation measures and the action plan of principle environmental mitigation measure and environmental development as shown in Appendix K if necessary. The summary of the environmental monitoring programs is presented in Table 7.1-1 and the details of its are as follows; 7.2 GEOLOGY / SEISMOLOGY 7.2.1 Construction Period I Operation Period - Parameter: - Install seismological instrument at Ban I-Tong Tlie in Point to monitor local earthquake events. - Regularly conduct the maintenance program to keep pipeline in good operational stage. - Set up special patrol group to survey along the pipeline route / Use Geometry Pipeline Internal Gage (Geopig) to measure deformations along the pipeline route. - Station: Along the natural gas pipeline, Ban I-Tong - Responsible Agencies: PTT - Estimate Expense: Included the project cost. ENV1004197125/CHAP.7.DOC PAGE 7-1 f TABLE 7.1-1 > S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT > z ! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~> z Environmental Component I Phase Monitoring Station Monitoring Period Responsible Cost c Parameter Agency >- m 1. Geology I Seismology Constructiorn r m - Install seismological instrument Operation - Ban I Tong Troughout the operation phase PTT IncludeJ the project cost D 0 - Patrol along the pipeline route Along the pipeline route - Troughout the operation phase PTT ; lJse GEOPIG to measure deformations along the pipeline route 2. Water Quality / Aquatic Biology Construction 100 i% upstream and downstream of: - 1 month before crossing activity 600,000 Baht - Depth Period - Kwae No! river at Ban Dao Wa Dung at each waterways - 'emperature . Kwae Noi river at Ban Pu Ong Ka - During Crossing Period at pH Lam Pha Shi at Ban Tha Phu each waterways Conductivity - Mae Klong river at Wat Tha Klong - 1 month after crossing activity . Dissolved Oxygen at each waterways Suspended Solids - Oil and Grease - Planktonic samples > m7) - Benthic samples m m D r z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TABLE 7.1-1 (Cont'd) > 0 a.~~~~~~ ' > z Environmental Component / Phase Monitoring Station Monitoring Period Responsible Cost > z Parameter Agency > 3. Forestry . - Monitor logging activities PTT has to Construction - Along the pipeline route in t:he forest - Daily PTT, RFD, 1.64 MB m coordinate with RFD, FIO to control the Period area. FIO . tree cutting, check the direction of tree (ailling to be toward the centerline of the pipeline, control the trees haulage within wood hauling way. - Reforestation along the natural gas Construction Reforestation area along the natural - Annually for 6 years. PTT 66.07 MB pipeline route of 10,000 rais. and gas pipeline and the natural forest - Restored natural forest resource along Operation resource to be resotred area. 45 MB the gas pipeline route of 30,000 rais. period 4. Wildlife - Surveyed the wildlife key-species Construction - Along the pipeline route in the 3 times/year. PTT 1.5 MB Period forest area (KP0-KP50). - Surveyed the wildlife species diversity Operation - Along the pipeline route in the - Twice a year in the wet and PTT 1.0 Baht n and their habitat Period forest area (KPO-KPSO. the dry season for 5 years. C) err m a -4 -u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m z 7 TABLE 7.1-1 (Cont'd) rn O ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 11 Environmental Component J Phase Monitoring Station Monitoring Period Responsible Cost Z Parameter Agency > n cn 5. Soil and Land rJse Observed the tree cutting activity, Operation Along the pipeline route - Monthly PTT Included Project cost Z m the revegetative, soil erosion and slope Period .. 0 stability along the pipeline route rn - Silte investigation to observed the slope stability and the floodway * Observed the revegatatve * 6. Compensation * Monitoring the problem of compensation Construction - The villages along the pipeline route - Throughout the compensation PTT NAC process Period process - Interviewing the effected people about Operation The effected people - Once a year due to the socio- PTT Including in the their standard of living Period economic monitoring program socio-economic monitoring ptogram >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C) m m 0 r~~~~~~~- TABLE 7.11 (Cont'd) r C Environmental Component / Phase Monitoring Station Monitoring Period Responsible Cost 2 Parameter Agency _ ~~~~~~C, 7. Socio-economic . - Public relation work for local people Construction/ - Nearby communities - 3 times in the first year PTT 10 MgB rr and organization such as attitude survey, Operaion - 2 times in the second year C public participation Period Once a year during the first fr 5 years of operation a Public Health and Occupational Safety - Workers' health examination records Construction - Construction area Annual Contractor Included project cost Phase - Workers' illnesses and accidents Construction - Construction area - Monthty Contractor Included project cost Phase - PTT's stalf illnesses and accidents Operation Project location - Monthly PTT Included project cost Phase - Public health records of the local Operation - Project vicinity Twice a year PTT Included project cost residents Phase r m -r' -J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 7.3 WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC BIOLOGY - Parameters: - Depth - Temperature - pH - Conductivity - Dissolved Oxygen - Suspended Solids - Oil and grease - Planktonic samples - Benthic samples - Stations: - 100 m. upstream and downstream in the following waterways: (Figure 3.3-1) * Kwae Noi river at Ban Kaeng Ra Boet * Kwae Noi river at Ban Pu Ong Ka * Lam Pha Shi at Ban Tha Phu * Mae Klong river at Wat Tha Klong - Period: Pre-crossing period (1 month before crossing activity) - During-crossing period - Post-crossing period (1 month after crossing activity) - Estimated Expenses: 600,000 Baht ENV10409?U5/tl4AP.7.WOC PAGE 7-6 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT 7.4 FORESTRY 7-4.1 Construction Period - Parameter: - PTT has to cooperate with RFD, FIO, NGO and local military base -to check / select the cutting trees which are the necessarity along the pipeline route. - Control the tree cutting to be within gas pipeline ROW and check the direction of the feeling to be towards the center of the pipeline. - Control the log hauling to be within the wood hauling way along ROW only. - Set up temporary log check point to protect logging illegal. (Appendix K section 5) - Station: - The section of the pipeline will be passed through the forest area (KPO-KP50). - The temporary log checkpoints should be set at Ban I-Pu and Ban Rai Pa. - Responsible Agencies: - PTT, RFD, FIO and NGO. - Estimate Expense: - 16.4 MS. 7.4.2 Operation Period - Parameter: - PTT has to cooperate with NGO and RFD to monitor the reforestation survival rate and efficiency of the plan of 10,000 rais forest plantation along the pipeline (Appendix K section 3). In case of any indication for low ENV1OO49712S/CHAP-7.DOC PAGE 7-7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT survival rate or any problems, the corrective measures have to be implemented immediately. - PTT has to cooperate with the related governMental agencies to set up committee to survey the people who are effectiveness and attitudes towards natural resource conservation. - Station: - Reforestation area - Temporary log checkpoint - Responsible Agencies: PTT, RFD and NGO - Estimate Expenses: 111.07 M$ 7.5 WILDLIFE 7.5.1 Construction Period - Parameter: The key species of wildlife.animals as: - Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus) - Bats (Insectivore bats and fruit-eating bat) - Birds (Horn bill and Limestone wren-Babbler) - Reptiles and Amphibians (Burmese brown tortoies, Malayan giant toad) - Invertebrate animals (Some protected insects, Rachinee crab) should be surveyed intensively along the gas pipeline between KPO to KP50 (Appendix K section 4). - Station: KPO-KP50 - Period: 3 times/year with 30 days/time (April, 1997 to March, 1998) ENVOO4g7125XICHAP-7.DOC PAGE 7-8 EIA OF YADANA NAIURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT - Responsible Agencies: PTT, RFD and NGO - Estimate Expenses: 1.5 ,NA 7.5.2 Operation Period - Parameter: Wildlife species and population surveys in order to keep watching on changing tendencies (Appendix K section 4) - Station: KPO-KP50 - Period: 6 year with 2 times/year (Wet and Dry season) - Responsible Agencies: PTT, RFD and NGO - Estimate Expenses: 1.0 Ms -7.6 SOIL 7.6.1 Construction Period The pipe laying procedure such as land preparation, cutting trees and revegetative program must be monitor to check the effective measures are implemented. Soil erosion along the pipeline route will be observed during the construction activities (See Appendix K section 8). 7.6.2 Operation Period After completion of construction and during pipeline operations, the right of way conditions will be monitored continuously to check the effective of all erosion control measures implemented. Site investigations are also conducted to monitor slope movement and the floodway to ensure the safety and integrity of the pipeline. ENV1DD4"97725/CHAP-7.D0C PAGE 7-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT 7.7 LAND USE 7.7.1 Construction Period Duiiny the UUI1sLructiUn peijod, ii is necessary io investigate and monitor ihe forest to prevent trees from unnecessary cut. 7.7.2 Operation Period Monitoring the new tree planted by the project every year and replant if some trees die. 7.8 COMPENSATION 7.8.1 Construction Period Monitoring the problem during the process of compensation in being done. Problems should be solved immediately. 7.8.2 Operation Period The effected people will be interviewed in the first two years to find out their standard of living. If they have some problems find the way to help them. 7.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 7.9.1 Construction and Operation Periods The Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) will emphasize the project's public relation, under the good. intention policy. According to succession of project, the environmental impact will be minimized and the project responsible agencies will have to promote its image with clear and understandable to the public. The objectives of public relation are categorized by these target groups, as follow: ENV1004J97125/CHAP-7.DOC PAGE 7-10 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (1) For PTT's staffs, the consultants and the contractors; they have to understand project's destination, especially in pari o0 environmental impacts. Due to those staffs will undertake on their duty and be serious to environmental impacts, thus they will be strict to carry out their work plan. Anyhow, these will create the confidence of environmental responsibility of the other PTT's projects in the future. (2) For the govemment agencies both of local and metropolitan; these groups must understand the project's background, the construction plan, the safety measures and the environmental mitigation measures, etc. These agencies should smoothly co-operate follow up by jointly project's work plan and can explain about the project information to the local people correctly. (3) For the local leaders and NGO; they should be conviewed with clear and understandable information of the project's plan, especially, the environmental mitigation and management wildife and forestry conservation, etc., in order to create the cooperation together. Finally, this will lead to the sustainabie development. (4) For the affected people both of directly and indirectly; they will be set up the confidence and understand in the project's safety measures the personal and national benefit including the better way of life. Above all, they should be created the realization about environmental conservation, e.g., wildlife and forestry, and sustainable natural resources utilization. (5) For the journalist; they will be understood project's plan and its method, furthermore, they will be the representatives to give project information about the positive impact regularly. St - Period: - 1 period : In 2 years at the beginning of construction period, PR team of PTT will manage their work plan, which emphasized on the construction activities and the main environmental mitigation method. ENV1004j9712SICHAP-7.OOC PAGE 7-11 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PiPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT nd - 2 period : PR team of PTT will continuously monitor and public relate, not less than 2 years, that stress in forestry restoration along the pipeline. rd - 3 period : Monitoring and public relation emphasized on the result of plantation, wildlife and forestry reservation conscience, project management and quality of life development along the pipe. There will take about 2 years. In addition, the related activities to publics along the natural gas pipeline as the program for creating the realization on the natural resource conservation; (1) Quality of Life Development Project (2) The Youth RTT Forest Conservation Project (3) Forest Fire Protection Volunteer Training Project (4) Natural Surviving Project as showns in Appendix K section 1 and 2. - Responsible Agencies: PTT a - Estimate Expenses: 10 Ms 7.10 TRANSPORTATION (1) Monthly record on transportation accidents associated with the project during construction period. (2) Record of signalling device installations during pipe laying period. 7.11 PUBLIC HEALTH/OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY (1) Provide annual health examinations to all worker. (2) Monthly record on any illnesses and accidents during construction and operation phase. ENV100"A7126/CHAP-7.D0C PAGE 7-12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT (3) Update pubhlc health record of the project- vicinity every six month to oJJseirve any alternation in public heaIt conditions of local residents. 7.12 CONCLUSIONS The implementation of the Natural Gas Pipeline Project will provide the fuel supply to EGAT Thermal Cycle Power Plant at Ratchaburi province. In addition, the local economics will receive source benefits in terms of job opportunities and downstream businesses. Nevertheless, there are some potential impacts to be related by the development of this project, i.e., forestry / wildlife, water quality / aquatic biology, obstruction of transportation, socio-economics and safety aspects. The anticipated impacts are relatively minor level of short term impacts. Furthermore, the mitigation measures issued in this report and the action plan of principle environmental mitigation measure and environmental develonment of Yadana Gas Pinaline Projert (Appendix n K) will reduce the foreseen Impacts to the acceptable levels. In order to assure the level of impact and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures, the. monitoring programs were drawn up for the concerned environmental parameters include water quality, aquatic biology, socio-economic, public health and safety. With the measures and programs to be implemented by PTT according to this study, surrounding environment can be sustained with this development. ENV1OG4 17125/CHAP7.DOC PAGE 7-13 APPENDIX A. THF DETAIL OF SITE SELECTION 8SsZ nTUiLUbjdt2 WUL J Mn3 nsl mtmnaw KU uR5n E (LItMKLLtKbg) LTnLWLI3>kVl ULWL&t5&gJLULtntA&LUtiWI nw \r1Ut Lt3LhC>1& 11nsL-LU.1E56WW&LU Is P=a I R LU EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A 1. A-1 2. A-1 3. V f V wu A-5 4.2 A-6 4.2.1 LU.Lf~1 A-i 7 4.2.2 LILUTA9w14Drfl~ 2 A-i18 4.2.3 LwNL-14f94 3 A-20 A U) 4.4.1 . A-32 4.4.2 1finfl1?U A-37 4.5 A-37 4.5.1 LLuTAn'llfTn 1 A-37 4.5.2 LLU1Qa4LfDnV 2 A-42 4.5.3 LLu�,AWWLRnf 3 A-43 5.4.3 ThNT.OC W A-a3 EV04.9745/CONWET00C A-32 EIA OF YADANA NATU.^A' GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REzOpR APPENDIX A .,U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U 1-1 LL 1DnJ l n 3 V1'4L&fn A-2 4.1-1 �fl1WlLLLWflvNLS9l A-7 4.1-2 LL fli �e4n4 3 aUU)4wLf1en A-9 4.1-3 LLLLU9L11P1Vh1U A-1 1 4.1-4 LLAnI4Ui'nf1?i9l4n-TL5L LL VU1U AV?IUJL AMLn EI A-12 4.1-5 L A-1 3 4.2-1 L A-15 4.5-1 LL4flh110flnnvn4�Th A-40 Yl AU IUL-hMIhflQULLU4T1; A-44 ENVl000714WCONTENT DOC * UU1 A-b EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A 4.1-1 fl1flnUU1q- 1flfl21 4.0 ?ntfrltif v1.ml1oq:hRln A-14 4.3-1 V:11J1JUbW U 3 LLUW)MlLti9 A-26 4.3-2 LlTSnUfnNt9u1luiLuM4tlA-31 4.4-1 I 14 3 WI3Lt n A-36 4.5-1 f99EJnlnLL1914�'W 1 A-38 5-1 NTENT DOC 1AW1 A-47 ENVIDD419714EWCONTENT DOC , VIU1 A-c EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT - - t'4iiiTJnmw 1 LLfl'J,ilJ,t'lIgL9 i(Tiein-point) a-22 2 LLtsQfRnlall\N3LLqtu;LuqWNL;fi9nVI 1 A-23 3 4Lvtl 2 A-24 4 LL' o)nlTlN l3'J?IJTLqrULLUfl'A1I Ltfl1nVI 3 A-25 5 LL 4 4 uLL�4'V)4LtaflT 3 A-33 ENVO4007145/CONTENTOC M U U1 A-d Q3 ;I 0 C- U C- (j3 T. 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ZS (r a -7 (rh, r C- c14 C- F- (1: c- c- c- GO IC, cr Al .,p Lf) C- Q3 ;2 C C G.- cr K C; G3 61 Gz -.1 5;: (E ;z C, C- p a cli 9 F- 57 T;& ;2 G3 C_ I a Q3 c- -7 -3 - C` -;3 -IT (E C (P C, C- G3 A;g C- C,- C- F.3 T ;7 A a CIK- C- c- E -7 -7 -7 (r cp C, 7 &L C- S a C. 'C' r, .t C Q3 rP P c- (9 Lr C, c- ft. ;I c- ;I P -C. al j! 'r. -,I C- X 1-7 C- -(E C- C, CG3 i(p c E - c- -7 c- 63 C- T0 c- 4v c- c- p AC, C- O. C- 7 :F 9 17 M -7 C- A LL 4:2 IC; C- C- IC; 5z C, -7 1-7 o r- Q3 C- < Cr G3 ;4 -7 cr T C- C, C C- 63 7 C C- IG C, rA3 -7 C14 C. EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FIN RXPaT APENDIX A w C A-7 EIA OF YADANA '=A>URAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL RE:OR7 APOC-NDIX A ( L. . & o -x~o �we A-a 5o St,{ S tt~~~~~c\ k X X S~~~~~~LL tg A A > SSE~~~~I 1)t @ 8' > 8. A :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2, -� 2U M, M-al A 8 V-" U, 7 9 S g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A* SCAL ..g S SNgr i3 E E E ~~~~~~~~~R ATIVEfi CP, cr Pebbly and hiuidstone, SandstonadShe s~~I IEI?III IIW WERWIS1 r SIn "4.1-2:u^4nnestrlsx 4 3 UU'JmAl4L;n R E AI 3RNATIVE 2 ' I '4 NW NJ -0~~~~~~~~- < ~ ~~~~ g gQ ' S1 0 g g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ uQ mn'w m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:4. 'T 1' ,, S1JTl 4.1-2 : u rn ,1sm ntc ~1tJ 9,4 n1 3 uu n Qfe (p4)| , lJ 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 APDEN I\: oc X c: 'o0 GC_ MYANMA / C~HEAG SEAN rAUL7 V ~~~/ =; A . MALAS LAO I~~ __ I~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ .K _ ~ v ~~~ THAILAND ?A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 EN 4 9:;- I:z .:- UU1 A - 12 L ~~~~~~~ CAMBODIA~~~~~EA 4103 A - 11 tlIA Ue- YAUAMNA NMAlUrL "UMc rrll N P ADPENDUX A 90' cI l S~~ Aurg. 1988 6 A.q.-.2 \9 24 Aor '984 6 No,. 1988 5.327.2 N61722 o | s / \ ~~~~~~~~~5.9 l .t_ t Apr Xg \ _ 29 SeDo1989 5.3 | SHz / ICHNA / 5 6 IOL99' \ uo i l\ / 22SD 965 _ 'Cs; 39 ' ~~~~~~~% 5.2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 I O.t. 1989 19- 0 6,.. 7 , \ 5.33 *- * \ ye. MYANMA980l / J S Aug. 9878 1 25 1986 1 * 29a. 92 197 N 2\4 i'9 ____________________________________ A AO 7;T 5. ; T\4X as1980 22 AAr. t930 A A\ t5 XOr. 1983 15 5W.6 198 ) 9> ' 52~r. 198ti � \ t KgR ; VIETNAM C : Iv, \ ~~~~THAILAND., . . . @ 14 F56, 19 5 -' \ \ CAMEODJA A Deo. 10 *���-S ) / W F) ' 7.3~ ~~a .0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S . 0 16 ay. 1933 *THE EPICPNT i � Apr. * 6.5 - 9VI OF EARTHCUAKE N AM (5<k} L< N THAILTANDIi 4 Ap, t983 .<3 e 2 19863 0 10O0tOO 200 JW < \ \ .>< t xt^~~~~~~~~~MGN4TUDE (RICNTER) .o 6. 6.5 OF EARTHOUAKE 'N~~~~~lEA piJn 6 4.1-4 4.u EKV1I4/g612CHO0SE DOC . Uu1 A - 12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A 90. 39 99, 102 - toe IO8E CHINA j U ~ ~ 'J* vIETNAM :;/ LAOS t Vk~~~~~~~I \ \ I KAMPUCHEA 0~~~~~~ S.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WA 'A 4.1-5 ENV1004&55201CHOOSE DOC MlJin A - 13 On WIi 141m 4.1-1 - z n-IfL mtLau'u1mQnQeqSs Lti-nni'l 4.0 'nwas r'w -wipR~ur' n7Nus13s7; lmui '1J1 l�utinfl14 7iUnRT13JUI,L%7 n (mi3i inm rv'mfn L 01'a) 15 JlnIUU 2526 ilLJ1elf1ifvA& 4 4Qu"in rijiuy 14.9 N 99.0 E 5.3 MB 22 tLt241n!U 2526 9lLn Rf 4^ A ITrij5u '14.9 N 99.1 E 5.9 MB and 59 .MS 17 nfnlfl t 2526 ?31W'I sf1q nl 15.20 N 99.021 E 4.7 MB 13 vnfln3j 2528 9uivwoo4nj,s f1UsnlwJIu 4.1 ML 10 IU1^'4 2528 Wii 1Jvuw4q 'aflYtUncAJt? 4.5 ML 28 AqAnlifjU 2531 ii LneT VTw ' sYin rji uif 15.05 99.80 4.5 ML DI Z - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~, 7,,- r~~~~ 435.OOOE .400ooo0. *45.OOE m41,O00E, 0 .1ST1 ,. ALTERNATIVF 2 3'ssALTERNATIVE ~ ~ ALTRNAIV j>f . t Z, X T, >X jvYi ...... . T.1 - - ^ EtE.' , s s .. -7'(LALThRNAThIZ 7 ERA E2 ALTERNATIVE I ALTERNATIVE ST \ T1- 5t/ - . _- _ C _ r P |40 CU 3 Jz SOL lou"Ol." ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~A ,SC~ 4.2-1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECTA ;EDOR ;-D-ND'R A sc* ST.2 , I -{ ALTERNATIVE S ST.2S '. "at L ALTERNATIVE 2 z . \ t q $ < 9 ~~~~~~~~~~INDEX jX a t*iyouA9X< - F a .1 . '/<\''"S K>'\' . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , LU "\t \ * ALTERNA1 I . ) S _w_~~~~z<t ~~ \S . ALTERNATIV~~ALE I TPE ............. I~ ~ ~ X I * I I I~~~~~~~~~~~IA 5n4.2-1:a^ aumn drus a-a nnsn(e ENVI00XW9512(liCHOOSE.DOC U A -16 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4.2.1 ulT1jnLalnh1 1 - nLfllnwtuwnq 1 0-15 :iU lyl34 (7.5 YR 3/2) Lutflu0uAuiAnTiqu ZiMAiIJ: ufl?nmnu64kw (pH) LiVI1Th] 6.5 15-30 : 1UPlfvitLn NLm (5 YR 3/4) Li!tAuLnuAuiuuwntj m:fl0lunflm- Nw tvinrY 6.0 30-60 AutittmAtitm (5 YR 516) Lueoiutilu usQutuuSQnlUn?1ju11nsE ii - ufi?useIuuP1LfritonueuJ (<5%) 12Jll9:lnun?TM-3N (pH) tnnIffu 6.0 60-80 : MuMn- (2.5 YR 4/8) LuaiuLunful 1lwuiuLuJt'iun4f? m Lui:Muu eqe ti9J::uSls41rtU 90% wlflUanum-Mi1 (pH) LvTnTJ 6.0 MVIERMuMMun : Slope Complex (SC) 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >0 15aaLe ~T1sa 34�1f4fslu- jjLir 1W1au >30%0 a... . 4 mouviwwlnTnlun-sAvOu : M VqLnfiha. 14rN 2 0-15 : uiua-10Rdiflh (7.5 YR 3/2) LUnLfAJV?uJTi flPTJLlunf?- YN4 (pH) L lU 6 15-30 A 1u1ml4if1 (5 YR 3/3) L�Lufl.3? 14uV1u1jutMEj P1v13Jul nim-kii (pH) l,irniJ 6.5 30-68 :AMARVN (5 YR 5/6) LusSiuLAui uLm' �J1lunJfutl?6J1un i wJuu eq�61th11iilr-un 20-30% fi:jfi1un?m-6i1 (pH) LViili 6.0 60-85 :ALLMAVLufls (5 YR 5/6) LUs1uLuuLAu!uJIuniluns?m UfaLU MIDAW'i lis_ ulnA 75% wTiainum-kN4 (pH) LW1f?T1j 6.0 MU cL,WuiMU: Slope Complex (SC) n1'i 25% Qffl n Phun`i Lu-m-nu : UA A 17 =N#:'5:74::'20/CHOOSED5 00 ui A - 17 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINA. REPOR- AP -_NDIX A a .. , 9MLnflvjaNVI 3 flynja4n (LnUFuim) 0-15 : (10 YR 4/3) LU9RAUL1UiTW Pl4LL1Unfl- ki'W (pH) LVilfliJ 6.5-7.5 16-30. : U' lRlAf l (10 YR 5/4) L uLLIJAutvUtj%Junfl?' M4JLNU nTm-Mi4 (pH) Lvi,1U 6.5-7.5 30-40 : (10 YR 5/4 to 6/4) L9)AULNU A14ufLl?/'ungTo no-nALuLfnTl-Mi'N (pH) tviIri 6.5-7.5 41-60 LU 4i1ut 14 fl LYApfl491fuin~u Shale uu Lu4u4nhiu : #i'~fliut nfln (Muak Lek Series) esnataiffiaseswun : CnUpnauaauiu o'snmunitummu : uuSN rqitasRnsnn . : qtjsq 4.2.2 LLuITnnALIVarim 2 - . .n iQi4n fltnl (t.AU34M) S 0-15 : f'1Ulnf1L*j (10 YR 3/3) Li Luflu-ui':ufiJJuVAn Ino-i:ilunmR- 15-30 : uU1flftL1UV34 (10 YR 4/3) Li1,AuL1IUAUuiJ'nlUm ATJLIuiflunCJ- 6il (pH) tLinhi 6.0 30-48 fl n'Wl ii (7.5 YR 4/4) LOAULNAUiOULM�U)UfJUh nfpiP -i:jLnun.fl?i-I (pH) iMIrTIJ 6.0 MUOtUt4NUrIAU : Slope Complex (SC) e" os w i -n : fl tThW~E'nmflumu nVoutu�Inw-? 1 25% omqs9uniLugiiu : IIEJUl (Sand Stone) IIl.J14MJn1n7luoimlA-lA : ENvlc0Q9sl2acHoosEDoc UU1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~'i A - 18 61 V Lni . ;0CiSOOHOIOGUMLAN3 %9Z Lt,U (OS) xeidwo:3 edolSnw tm onr -rl I~~~~~~~~~~~ 'S 4~~ 9, ruu :Hd mwnnGirtsLrnuLrt4r 9-9 rLLuiLA (Hd) D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - '0 UW-nVLIMA4 nDLVmnunwanl :Z/ir HA TO V9LunWUt;nw UgLL c L- s 9 nuL,ul (H(w)twnw) UgutlK-,u pIe otl r WfLu UIJ! - - -~~~~~~1 . 4 t Ln%r9- fLUn,Zt(tL ?t!LIILCJW KnLf (Lt W116fLUnjUA4 L: 9W (S~~~ues 6U0t43 )ted)('w lwXl)UL[UG FtULW (d) -w.urL >1tuw tf3lk : 9/ UA 9 SLU\)SKp. -G (I-id) S 6'A-w~�t1rtLr Ned IflW50 iTU :p/ NA 9) � (h1G,n P 4 nvlUtUl, WLg G-iSnalKgn AnDi0B> (9/� W24S Z) KLl artlU l L: OOl-Ob 8S'L 9UGU (Hd)I Hd MGW- WSU 9UnGlrL G u3^nCnnl n (b/� dA k Z) Z K rminuunanw :o to 8-SL r.UJLKu (Hd) tL04-WUnUlMLrL Grtlncznw Bln (WE UA 9) tfMl119LWLnb;nW OZ-0 p- 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p W ru-> i-611n)U9-LWs ZS tU-LrL13rwr-LuiLA V X\IN3ddV ibOd38 IVNI3 �33rOd 3N13did SVD 1VdrUVN VNVGVA JO V13 oz V LnK 35OH:ZI151AN3 Ii . ~LnlI3LR2LUnUSLULrtLCJW Muumfl nLMrULLUn1tU,&ULtrL r (ap1sleno pue auoiS pues) wD6jwi;r^^nw- ul n : nwWflLUnfuyn1 %ul G?uuLttnv. (OS) xeldwoO adoS : nwimmila,nn 0-9 RULLW (Hd) MW-wtunal rtLrW w4Sunrittlnm,nu Snwn 07/17 HA SL) Ptflk;LLnLu8LWLSnt;nw OS-O� 0o9 rWuulW (Hd) tLL4-wtunGl KtLf, wts,unfur3namb,nrnGn (�/, 8,k oL) rt%.ItLWLncu4LWLntnw :O�-OZ o9 gnULIAI (Hd) ILW-WLUfnLrtLUM rLPAnrmunwGnVl (�/e ,A OL) rtffnLWLmnw oz-o (swrtinsL) U;r?LrIw z LBAcMMWIuw -~~~~~~~~~~~I - -' r W ~~~LnU3Lr -&LUnjU.4L11arLbf?L (BuOIs PUBS) GIAnkt~ W~l1L? 2~C (OS) xeldwoj adois :nwAnmiran 0-9 rLULi (Hd) ouw-LUmnLGrILW wuntnunmnuwan1 (�/9 UA OL) ttLWfnn : OCL-96 (Hd) LILL-L4sUnDltLrLSnr,s&nL4nprL4tnSsL4n (E/9 uk o0) wwSUnt;% 96-ZS o-9 r.ULU (HdR ULU -Lsun5lrCr, nusnwniBL=Unwani (Z/V HA OL) rtlM4WLsWLnt;nw ZS-�� 0-9 RULIAI (Hd) tLL -wsunDlrtu nunwnFirL.unw(;n (Z/t7 HA CL) rtVlt9llk;WLt;no w : ��0 (9Stlwnt(l) ugKdu) L KUMLWnulWs � IAUdiSVOL Vln.1N V 13 2 SCcd ,tNI: iD3rOud 3NflSdid SV9 TblJ.EVN VNVOtA -O Vl (p -7 -7 -;I c 1;z (P -7 ;I P 0 C -7 ;I T C- I'L 7, s- G3 J. c d) -m - rh o x I F- 0- i,- c; C, C C, -F p C- w -7 C- 143 -)X Z[ 43 19t A ru *a cc Z (p (E c 9 x- (j3 C- f(E ;I O C- 9 C- C- -P C; C- C- ao CY) An Z l(P m ;j C;) Dt AP -7 00 f(E (1) a(E E C- ;3 C- C- C, -7 C- - tn -p A IE ip ;I LZL C:L C c P p A Fa 15;: " C- 2 V C-n -7 Lf) t C.- m - C- f,- C C- C -7 c- (;I 0 -7 f" C- 7 p AM (P C -7 3) I 4 Irl 1;; c__ C- C- -9 IZ -7 -7 -2 ) & 'a . 9; (N 4c C- :3 C (r. G3 ;2 'r X P R V. - Z3 C- IP (j3 IE q- 12 - C, =Z . z a) C, ]._ I C- M C:) TE - -C 2 " A c- va V) m -C :a C- ;z A E OC) JG3 OE C14 C IN Q3 ;I - ;2 C G2 'a c- :s -_ e- (P -7 ir clrl ;3 M (p AIE aa -I(r. ;z -.17 C- C C- IR :a C- C AP a) C- E cr G3 .7 cr, ;I 19 = 1i C (p (n -19 C, C =S a) 52 ICN 'a; LO C.) ir-P -7 VN c- (C Q3 C6 m -C. -7 C, -7 C -7 ;;j7 IP C- -7 7 -7 :a - ;;3 C- c- AJK G c- -7 -7 -7 LI) A.S (S cli C- C. c- =2 G3 -7 Z.] ;Z IT, O-P LL: -P 5 7 7 -7 c- c- - 8 - Z C- "WI C- 5) C- cl_- -21 54 A I h C, (E G3 -7 ;:I -7 :s c- Q3 C- ;Z C, -C p 63 =2 -15: 63 -7 A c- N -7 J C- -C (P 7 AQ ;I iq ;2 i(r a C, -7 V C Ag ];Z M C S -7 J'VP C' G3 E t. -:1 C- -a C- :3 C- C, C ;I C- c- I (r. i-I - r. ;I 5- $Z IC-IL AP - 0 I-, :a -7 43- C i(E 9 c- Z -7 C. C C, c- -C, C__ -7 41 ;: :3 m . CF c- c- r -r- - 7;:l o c- -e e (P M C, c- la 0 Ac ;2 57- C. u -& C' AC. (ij - ;I - (E 5-p 6; C- 4c ;Z :l ;3 CL -7 -7 A ;5 C- F 2 p a A r. r- c- IP C- (E t= C- c- I (r. ;2 G3 -7 Z3 ;I c (E LLJ C- A o C- J;F; A Q) C, A p c- C- p CY) C, -7 G cc -m - s-- P - 22 5. L2 -7 -C -7 C, C- C- C- LU (E Q3 -P Ln C, -(E 14 oo LU (P C. a) 0) -7 C: Q3 a- m ZO A.) VCC C C' --p Cp 0) co C: 0 7 c- -7 FO ;t a ) C -7 C- C- -C ) ) i i Z Z=! GI M ;I E (L 5;: 07 A CD 97 (r. -P ce -7 64 M CD -7 C- C- C- r CU r I;z ;3 ;g (1) C- -D -7 C- -C -7 C- g a4 U) (E ;I -ir. (n -15Z C*3 CIL (j3 cp C. Er ave C, rl- co 0 C co G3 A:S c- ) I ;i ---r ci-q o ccr, C;! ci) ;s r. -1 ;2 p c;. CZ -I (r. = I (r -7x =S cr ;7 E! o g 17 cn ti JQ Q_ C- C- GI C_ p " A C- Z fiv C: (- .;:I 1_- i C- a, C. f(E cn C: -7 C- A c- ;3 :I C- -7 -C' C.; g P ) Q C- IC; (E; (D 1-1-- C, (j3 (r. C- U) Z cr, 5i C- c- C Cd, p c- C- C CIL C- C- 1;2 -s M C- C' V) C, Z (r. (P ;3 ::3 CIT3 -F. - - 0 O Cy) -7 C q 1; C- a) C, M C14 CV) p o L %7;3 7 A 2 C- .4r GP bc ;I C) -i EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A tUTv qmv9fwvie (Tie-in-point) TWL�IW*1j1 aflh1WilL�atis 4imPLeaie (Tie-in-point) UT1fl'ill 'NI, nirn'n 1: uLR4tmwi1n1Xd 'iiL msL4a3jk (Tie-in-point) EWNO41912OICHOOSE DOC MU1 A - 22 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A _S~~~~~~~~~~~~~V ^ulila2<i ndutulLL? (rie1unq ai4afl?) J4VI1'n Lsfln 1 EWIM05n20COSOLC 1l-Ls Av2 1 JflVwV 2: utdn iNfqnWQlLe 1 ENV1004j512WCHOSE DCC UA1) A - 23 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A am llWloru l nma n ovm 2 .1 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ niTWv 3: flh1UTLLL1NLf4'lxflVI 2 ENVIOO4195l20WCHOOSE.DOC U)1 A - 24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A 47 - ~~l . :- .'~ .< . fflq,m1iUuLLUfl4LAflM 3 :~~a nl"IAlW<8LL5l4Sn 43 Envni 4: LLflm4fin-flNIhtJSIEfO2LL� NL AnY2 3 51V100419512W/CH0056.DOC UU1i A - 25 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A pnr).1vI 4.3-1 _~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~ .,U _ .. iUU iaVieuUsie4 @fY311?I1Ff1Ute lfl4Lusf 1 mlntanfll 2 )n1ivrnn 3 1 n-g Schima wallichii Korth x x x 2 LijU Cinnamomum iners BI. x x x 3 ;n Barringtonia coccinea Kostel x x x 4 uUatXIL�1 Anaphalis adnata DC. x x x 5 z.J:V1JLLI Achidendron clypearia, Vielsen x x 6 "tVI Memecylon ovatum J.E. Smith x x 7 s Lithocarpus sp. x x 8 nv Macaranga guadvicomis Ridi x x x 9 LItqIl Lagerstroemia tomenwsa Presl x x x 10 uzlhu Dillenia aunea Smith x x x 11 W_r-4 Peltophorum dasyrachis Kurz x x 12 vLaf4flT Wendlanoa panicuiaia A.DC. 13 Li34d11 Pavetta wallichiana Steud. x x 14 LiUtJl Osbeckia watanae Craib x x x 15 1isi:vu Sterculia hypochra Pierre x x x 16 141.2tJ Cephalostachyum virgawm Kurz x x x 17 Turpinia cochinchinensis Meff. x x x 18 mq- Eugenia cumini Druce x x 19 %UL=L51 Vitex sp. x x 20 LU1\l1U Itex umbellulata Loes. x x 21 fn7r)i Mitragyna sp. x 22 A-ti.h Duabanga grandiflora IRoxb. ex DC.) Walp. x x 23 fn4rafn Nyssa javanica IBI.) x 24 m-LAI Ficus sp. x x 25 L15FILLM.4 Dalbergia dongnaiensis Pierre x 26 riuw. Crateva magna DC. x 27 fl1JIu)m Albizia odoratissima Benth. x x ENVlOO4t95120,rAW-431 irXLS Ml4 A - 26 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT ;1%':L REPORT A00ENDIX A iNStl4Y1 4.3-1 (619) 9lu'u J 1nVIuL2J |1.|lISfl01 1 VImtniznf 2 WAn14L n 3j 28 3jTujwi Mangifera caloneura Kurz x x x 29 M-:LAlUtut Shorea thorellii Pierre ex Laness x x 30 L14flAim4 Croton oblongifolius Roxb. x x x 31 1Jflltj Grewia elaosremo:aes Coll. et Hemsl x x 32 Pterospermum diversifolium 81. x 33 IriiJl Bambusa arundmacea iReta.) Wild. x x 34 6i1lU Macaranga quadricomis Ridl x 35 !Vi1!J Sapium baccatum Roxb. x x x 36 IhA4i-1 / UhlUfl' Macarranga giganta Muell. Arg. x x 37 fi1tiiU Paranephelium longifoliolatum Lec. x x x 38 mnl1 Oroxylum indicum Vent. X X 39 VilW'N Lithocarpus fenestratus Rehd. * x 40 !fi.1U11 Dipterocarpus abatus Roxb. x x 41 s141'iq Xanthophyflum virens Roxb. x 42 2j:LfLnj Cananum subulatum Guill. x x x 43 tnl'um Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. f. x 44 UUUU Chukrasia venlutina W. & A. x 45 neun-w Quercus kerrii Craib x x 46 nln7 u Milletia brandisiana Kufz x x 47 nflgU Ulmus lancifolia Roxb. x 48 "-.4 Dalbergia cochinchinensis B. x 49 Ii Gigantochloa albociliata Munro x 50 1Plfiku Litsea curbeba Pers x 51 Lt4zlmmn4 Symplocos ferruginea Roxb. x 52 ulMAW Ficus hispida Linn. f. x 53 uA4 Xylia xylocarpa Taub. x x x 54 Pi-munum4 Lagerstroemia calyculara Kurz _ X _ ENn0vs612A 1XLS 1u1 A -27 EIA OF YADANA NATIURAL GAS PIPELiNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A A 1iRIT-1 4.3-1 (9ie) 41U,U itUt,;4 vnai&ns" 1I 1l4LU-*nlj 2 M1Lien-A3 55 atUvwwr Femandoa adienophylla Steenis x x 56 L1fl4 Oialium cochinchinense Pierre x x 57 LLU Stereospermum sp. x x 58 fihUIWflj Dillenia obovata x x 59 f3lJI1 - x 60 :unfiAu Adenantera pavonina Linn. x 61 UtlafliTr Sterculia omata Wall x 62 MflL&fi Aphanamixis polystachya Parker x x 63 =Rsvl Milletria leucantha Kurz x x 64 TIU1,3 Homalium tomentosum Benth x x 65 nttzrn424 Mitragyna brunonis Craib x 66 Fc:fth Schleichera oleosa Oken x x 67 If tru- Homonoia riparia Lour x 68 m m4tnI413J Erythrina suburnbrans (Hassk.) Men. x x 69 tEtlt Termminalia nigrovenulosa Pierre ex Laness x x 70 qlh 8ombax anceps Pierre .x x x 71 J:LW-4n Antidesma laurifolium Airy Shaw x x 72 t i.isn Thyrsostathys siamensis Gamble x x 73 i4iu Dalbergia oliveri Gamble x x 74 -UZM1e Cehis tetradra Roxb. x x 75 LZIAnwru%4an Carallia brachiata Men. x x 76 &UtnfiU Vitex canescens Kurz. x x 77 UuU Terminalia glancifolia x x 78 3=:inp Celtis tetradra Roxb. x x 79 Lf AUtft-:U14 Shorea henryana Pierre x x 80 tiet Streblus asper Lowr. x x 81 Dyospyros Dyospyros sp. x x 82 .U.U Gigantochloa albociliata Munro x x EP.V1,M/9120/TA943-1XLS 1U4 A - 28 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A F1151431 4.3-1 (lil) 4Su'1u iuLus4 i1iAu1DvI1n1 n1f4LianA 1 WI.31,isnmi 2 nL4i)fl 3 83 u-nfl Spondias pinata (L.f.) Kurz x x 84 UJUMAI Toona cilliata M. Roem. x x 85 LftseIA71t. Knwma sp. x x x 86 ;l Gmelina arborea Roxb. x x 87 PqAiurne11 Hopea odorata Heim x x 88 7]2Aj= Pterocarpus sp. x x x 89 lumlu Wnghtia tomentosa Rowm. & Schult. x x x 90 3ublrInM3 Hydrocarpus curisii King x x 91 ilfl4 - Alpinia conchigera Griff x x 92 fn Malanorhoea glabra R. Br. x 93 tnl.1J-If Dipterocarpus costatus Gaertn. t. x x 94 3=24J Bouea oppositifolia Meissn. * x 95 Mi1lnl Cleistocatyx operculatus Roxb. x x 96 n=,"Ah Dalbergia fulioceal Wall. x x 97 U5i114 Dendrocalamus strictus Nees x x 98 lIjflSlj3j Thespesia lampas Daiz. & Gibs. x 99 'iUUUmiUJW Curcuma aeryginosa Roxb. x 100 nrun x 1ol risfnluun3 Lithocarpus sp. x 102 nsgnis Lithocarpus sp. x 103 tLEs3J'1fJU1 Costus speciosus Smith. x x 104 ulrij Kaempteria marginata Carey. x x 105 lI=t Pterocarpus macrocarpus x 106 ILI-ai4e2JMIin Randia sootepensis x 107 nfl"iti Boesenbergia pandurata Holtt. x x 108 altlIh Adinandra sp. x 109 3L4?J4 Diperterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. ex. Miq x 110 C cratoxylum formosum Dyer x x ENV4O 120WTAU3.1 XLS M`I1 A - 29 Lflz vsr nn, t,, U,... tiflo r,rcuLLc rnt- jQL.. riNML nttWItiI APPENDIX A -~~~~~~~~~~~- R$1 4.3-1 (ki) , . . 1 +iu)u 1iVVIULUS4 Se1r111,3q1 M Wb4Lfrnn fnn 1 4LaiL-nn1 2 m4Lsnin 3 111 n-unnlJ Vitex pendunculans Wall. ex Schawer x 112 tEIn X 113 YuitJ31 Shorea floribufda G. Don x 114 fnl&nflwiiw Canarium subulatum Guill x 115 ntun Lithocarpus polystachyns Rehd. x 116 AtumuA341tV Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. x x 117 i)UlduM4 Aeschynanthus hildebrandii Hemel. x x 118 IJflVJfl'1U Eurya acuminata DC. x x 119 1Af ELkaocarpus sp. x x 120 Glocidion Glocidion sp. x x 121 UnLiA&ns Ficus montana Bumr. x x 122 nn Lannea coroamndelica Meff. x x 123 {9as1 Lannea grandis x x 124 SusU Dalbergia nigrescens Kurz x x 125 3=hiunnn Horstieldia gJabra Wrarb. x x 126 a-aat Choerospondias axilaris Burtt & Hill x x 127 iftinuAl4 Cassia tamoriensis DC. x x 128 tU11.141uu Dipterocarmus kerrii King x x 129 AimmanfQ4N Gardinea sootepensis Hutch. x x 130 1"l.i4 Bambusa natans Walls. x x 140 LUZ.nVIIfA Aporusa rilbsa Baill x x 141 nmas- Milleknia atropurpurea Benth x x 142 favoflu Xerospermum internedium Radik. x x x 143 thnf . x x 144 nflit1u Millettia pendula Benth x x 145 SSJl Eugenia formosana Wall x x 146 PlRfil3 Actinodaphne henryi Gamble x x 75 122 82 ENVIOO4/51201TASA3-1LS VUU1 A - 30 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A FlW1dl 4.3-2 fiurrs vaJ;ilu'nssuil Wii *uSs uvmYl4monv 1.2 3 1. LR?L'afMU (fiv.U./LEnULLV97) 57.78 77.240 73.545 2. 6r2 3T h4rkj (em.4./RU) 0.493 0.608 0.511 3. QU)UUi (iLnLf 1) bThAqj 110 127 144 2) Int 1,855 1,188 1,171 3) n'i'b1' 16,818 15,000 14,677 4) A'ki (vILmnUpif) 809 913 502 ENWlW4I12Wr2A43.XLO.S .u A-31 Z- v unU 100a 3SOHOLS6fOOLANa (swuJooIq sojeong) uuuniLar3WLA ;umvninGi �-Z IAUgkltLtninnLLLnr3tLn wLUtuh LcXsLUULz,nULk.U,n It ununr turto (jel saeeqoAHA) rLmart nrvnc;w;l,LLWfiwiL;wvs%,nt u(; t~utmn � bLLIU, 4Wtt14jU S;-Z ttKI -t;llqtttL4Lni\tlwtLwft3Guz0U (snueAelew sn;jn) LrtnrtnmL ts^nasSossr W _n z tAuusBtLiunn<\LLtiuntnDirtUrlsnnIL,nrbLusL4L;;UUt, tAS ULUtL) nWlI'uSpKitrpgBXtUShKOKSZKLrw UL6tsmni (SnWiXeW seqdeI3) LE�tLpPsEnUL^>LtnVmnLuuuI6wutflrrnLtfLB?U.nFtLt1k1,& � u^un z tU ILrAniinnLuc1�bLLu^sn wn, 9 nu � U.Uu L,uLTAn-Ullw wn69 gtM. z Magi r, r- - ^ *r - r W - r . 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RUuWn' tR 2 nu. ;i'li 2-5 nu. uU13Y1 iili 2 nu. ii a 2-5 nui. zm 1 1AUJeNTl) Hylobates far Hylobatidae InA-j . . x x x x x x 2 uROw1 Ursus malayanus Ursidae OLaUqTAuz.tc*u . x x x x * x x x x 3 1diATutj UJrsus thibetanus Ursidae uUUTtmJ(VtJiTU4 . x x x x x x x x 4 u'i,4i Muntiacus feae Cervidae lInA,-jnu . u x x x x x x x x 2 ntzV4 Bos gaurus Bovidae InAznrjrUf . x x . x 6 ANtfWI Neemorhedus sumatraensis Bovidae In .jit -e -u x . . 8 {41 Elephas maximnus Proboscidae InA: -V uKt x x x x x x x 7 unnn Euciros bicomis Bucerotidae tLUq<uI Tq�Vwu( -f x x . x x .Th . S _ 6 5 5 7 6 4 7 6 m .D > . X x rv~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tC - V Len1H LS&VllAN3 LLU 94tJnllnnflUL6G (LU-ST trIP) rU 6Z-8 LL3S Z nLnKrtun=wn *K i rU S C(^13-ru S L 4 , 4 I S 4 n%.Ln 'm rULO8 u-ruG v ,Lrt-AkLM:1Li'An 4r6 ui;n,:w MILrUt nLrUtjlr *K ZL8 TIAU( _3lSLAr 1 rL LIrELr LKUrUt1Tn n l1_U7GUMU3,UtM11ntM(Ll1, 1UArntA_lGlM ~LtULrtl1nLnrLuMlrl Z UUUtUUg;L~6l b4$1 8 uJG8 r-lt-ii ~tun ! 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(LrwA.LLU4 Lnttb n WbLK eLLuLnBX>sL% fvlWWASwi wfnL SL n lI nLtL[lbnGl (eeeJ snflJUunfA) 3KlAt,ulnnbnLbntgn ( ds eisyinejed) UGA_,UL.ljg (6ueonoo snqeo!jiAN) rtgu (e;ojos snS) L{LIK1. aeeaj snoe!iunpV) GBrtkmU1 n a1 BnLUun6tLUU1Wn>wbwKbLgU>UrUnuM tiUrS URLLUKLt ILUULhDLft.lrM Z t - nmmul (YS!LeIouWull Leue,) msnaiu unl4 rnmiAuunnul2b3Xn rial;wUnmus (sde.jqnJ wneujoIled) U91LMLUt'utuln (eLuw Sei0,ej) wunLurU (JOJOD!SJeA selo0eJ) >wxntuuu unwl riugwaggisl niDnGm (snoijeqejew snqoAsdoo) >WnrLIuun;zw (elpeq .4 4 einona) rtriun (soiaeJo salsadJeH) ,vu(snmllnLun un1wl 1luruunurWALFSLEtnr, nwnil lefiunw snie.iunpV) rUj_gU (ytouejqep.Tew sdowujei) nvs;LgFLnEng1 u (snJnAlqoJq XIJIsAH) ibkt, nri wLu; L n( Lwn9su[ml5ucr3 t, rnuuAnAbr Un uagmLubCr C m'nuzuwan -._-Y -1.10 D31OUd 3N113d[d SVED 1"lLVN VNVGVA 30 VI1 8 - V LnSIX tSV9VJ1ISl/bOOtAN3 0 0 Z9 E 6Z 8 Z nLtnnu 601 Utt Z 8Z S Sl n.1nn 99t EZZ L08 Vt n6LLrcW (nrtU) La u L8t0 fn>nLn >ttI&LtnA= ~K�I 18C LUI~~LMMUML1L Thl I PL?C MIVOQ WCOitL14 'kiI V8 ~IUOnnIu t%ln E ruafl?u myl 9 UtWnnu bi?n tl rtu4nntu nnu rUI I tksiIJUIThflt1 tn%n Z LanunilLILC Ln'L Fn LtbnGnLC4, 'tn E iL ULprlr 'rtJ4L4XLVftn -1.tLM11 UVLR-:Urrltk 'rIG7Ut%;Lk;l, '5iLinut 'tGnk%LnQLK 'KLL;IBmb, 'tSnnLe 'SIULISUynnneK nktlTnn3tn LALKunnnlr! 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LLRnurnjThnem?eymc 0 26 07 28 59 32 0 LrnUn t?tlm (E) 64.52 6068 53 71 LP'nl�vJ Ul3ttunn'l7LntPr7 LA) 12.58 12 58 12 58 flU U /Iinufif 57.78 77 240 73 545 flU U /Au 0493 0 608 0511 Lu4uty iTfee) iiwinumf 110 127 144 nli7 (seeditngl AWwnuni 16.818 15.000 14.677 naflnZ; (saDimng) rwtcnuf 1,855 1,188 1,171 l is t8amboo) nwwniuRf 809 9t3 502 75 122 82 1utIte4d^,lyguYg4,Iu ' avoe hu 02 nuj. fn 2-: nuz. auw hfu 02 nu. fnu 2-5 nu auIlW iAU 02 nfu. fiZ 2-5 nu. 6 5 S 7 6 4 7 6 6 7 7 EWNlOO4)9l2WTABA5.1 XLS U iA 39 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT A>ENDCX A ,E,. , Z_% FqfwL-; r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0111 MR t ) :14:22:: E J..'.A1 4 BMg W~~~w X gX 3g 5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, Sg W I g g | | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1M , la 47t :,- 7' I'r i ' 4 A- - !J ENvIXNS5120:HooSE DOC MUU A - 40 EIA 0- YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PR_JEVta i i S tg WALER VE 3 EN (vE 2 -dE ( s1Jn 4.5-1: uf^xuuqnsnnewneuIAn nlm IA,2 (pi) | E3 ENVWI0SUAtCHO0SE :CC 'IA3)1 A - 41 -~ 11 I (0 0 -7 Z 7 C ;I C- 'ct .7 jP C -N C, E ls 1V 7 ~Z C- E9 9 C -7~ C- ; I - a C p 7 C p CE F - - A a. 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C' C' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ M-. * "-~~~~~~~~~~~3 ;I C ( P c zz C - C ( r C - ; o ; ' C '3 , - - 7C CCC C,~ C --~ FT c F F ZE-.*' C- C, S C F C " 'S F S C- C. -7 v -163 Alp 7 ;3 e. -7 = , V )C: a _TX T (P C- a C- C- C- C- -7 & I C- C, C al ZI -7 C- C- C- :s C -7 )I C-7 Lh C C:- E C (r. P -7 =j r- )c (E I =9 C c- C14 1 43 :9 AC C- -IX -P N=z :3 C- r- )) PF C, C cr :!C C- ;I E 63 C IC (j3 C, p C C, C C- IC: CC) I C, C. C- TX C- -7 C- C- CP C C- -. 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(r C- 03 Ta C IX NP 6: -;;p 19 C- -,X gi LD zi - =1 Cp3 C. -C, C :2 Aj;2 C-C C- C- M C -7 C, C- C- LU c- -T -7 :2F 7 A:2 -Z -;:' " 'r- C- (r. it -2 C- C- -C, ;z "s (p S: C- C- C- 15C A1;2 -7 C, 7 ;' A.;3 *-I r. lK -1.1 - C Z ;5 at ;2 a, C C- c- I c- '7 C- ;2 71G.- fE C; ;3 cr C, CY) C- -7 _lX C -15: g -7 C- C, -7 C- -1$;: IF ::r C -F7 V C- -ZI c- _11 "IQ E C% a(r T. G3 aq IP - c- -7 %IFX Ir- aq -7 ;I C C- EL c- rn C,) C- C- C- 0 C- C- T;:] C) l(r t C a1pK ap a_ C03 19 VICK. (Q C-T C )I C, C- =1 C -9 II )(K C- C- qa a.. 14 0:1 271.3 C- .1 4 -1 ir :r - C- 5Z 17 a lp (P C, C, :s I, C43 Q -;:I -7 C- 63 IC- (p '7 C 1"1;2 "-' -2 a4r IC -X C. (P air, ir. -7 og g -a E 1 -7 g m v al-;22 C: IP 5z c- m a C- C- p C-4 63 43 C -Z 5z ;2 Q C: -7 ip - - 11 )a C- -7 , g * T IC,) C XC- ;2 -7 r IE E! ir 0 V C, C, (r. 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C #C: #C C, IK -I .1 -c- c- ;, Z ui A )C EIA 0; YADANA NATUF4, GPIF'PEUJNE PRJEC7 F,N__ R_<-Ml~- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OP SCAL - - - - - - - - - - - - - | - - -~~~~pi 2)lM._E A0 U E3 (LY) jULLnt&bSL[LoWEmn nw4nOr-SSLUuRnclLLU:SllO,sL uLnnMsLu-n"ELncAnULtpLMILusBL1nCntnW*lI -S ArU I 0WOg 10Wr aos *ooo'oe . .w -Va--- 1 I b S SM X !XXX | WXW!I IW NNI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 7, z LLVNda W k; X i| > ; S AI A 2X 3A).e VNN3-La X 3Obd 3Nrr3dId SVj T'nn.VN )VN'rA JO ' 13 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL fiEPORT ADPENDIX a Latrltnln411alnvllwseauqellstlw4fl?ent 1 V W11 T949'X-90l.0qnlelUnE %UN:tUUTl4LMinm 2 US1- 3 mi1j4h fllt 5 USf- 4 -nmUf lfl vm:j6lWSi,iAjQ 14<113 (Elephas maximus), s-Lnz(Hylobates larl, MJ4Wl (Ursus malayanus), mumllf (Ursus thibitanus), Linli4ti (Muntiacus feae), nfls- (Bos gaurus). AlU.41l (Naemorhedus bumatrensis) L u-unnfn (Buceros bicomis) uanqSnfullLLU0 LtflVon 2 LLUiS 3 4 LUU4') q 5-1) wAlTLunlnr sen 1 1JL19n lflh1u�'0 LLUUW 1 1 Pt 54.25 nLUu u 3 iJTn iNiu 10- lo un-nL4mml1 2 in fjq 12 ENv; 5> 9-:::-^:: 1 MU-) A - 46 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT , FINAL REZORT AP^- N2'\ A 5-1 VnnLien _~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ 3 1 11i11Z 25 R:tIIIU I1 ninunmunuQlan135u4 1 15 i * LIPYI1JI11ELI96n1Th1euuI 5 05 so 2.50 0.s 250 025 25 * uMUJ4SIlIA a) 050 400 0.25 200 025 200 I , . I nluYlJII n�u IBI 21 025 0so 0so 1.00 075 1 0 i 2 nm3u1yflJmU1t1vn0 1hl4 I 10 I t*nnuMunau e1f Ab4~71ulu4 t 2 I 050 1.00 0.25 oso 0 25 0 so * SvunuSu AM41* 4lla1~ t 2 1 0.25 050 0.50 100 0.50 100 wP unlnnuunl4 I 2 0.25 0.o 0 25 050 o05 100 * W)10lJ1fseJlg4~ C 2 0 25 0.50 0.25 0 50 050 1.00 -*; tu1tulunnAl~4i1J nu t2 1 050 1o00 0.25 n so 0 25 0 50 2 it.iJI (25 FiL1Jw * uSne i,m4ihmmisiu jI a I 050 4.00 0 25 2.00 0.25 2o00 m7mmuO Mt46W1 I 7 ) 0.50 3.50 0.50 3.50 0.50 350 - nimm1Avu(unu Jfliju I 10 0 75 7.50 0.25 2 so 0 25 2 50 3 tlWt3nhZu1 n15 t: ILU_ - fl,,Uflh1J1IrflIfltfi#~(4 I 5 I 0.50 2.50 0o50 2.50 0 50 2.50 unn* 0Sfltt&.R1Ufi11W(ftI 10 I s0.50 sD 0o50 soo o050 5s00 4 I,1nf/r0vqtun ,WIiuru.1WJ m n) o (10 uuL) * 5flflTh1J6fl0Z1j'Jnl1fl2WfI I 4 0.50 2.00 0.25 1.00 0.o0 2 00 * u6l170ieqJUt9~CuflW11 I 3 ) 0.50 1 50 0.25 0.75 0.50 1.50 u* n7 UfmfltmJIleWThtunnh r I 3 I 0.50 1.50 0.25 0 75 0.50 1.s0 s oU'1nftu (1o P-Iuu min r3ln05uA- un itnuunfut4e5nu I 5 I 0 so 2.50 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 - 1Jfifl1Z110Jft6~A04flh401fl I 5 I 0s50 2.50 05 0 2.50 0s50 2 50 6 hJTIWtA1nU (15 At:IL1I1 n* mm%lFkunfnm mun 1 7 ) 0.75 5.25 0 75 5 25 0.75 525 - lrnmnu'mv w4 mmufmrnu I 8 I 0.75 600 0.75 6.00 0.75 600 ntDJa00Unoo 0AIUIM 64 25 4275 455so r,iI,5. S S=iU " g n_ 9-"- -0.75 UfnlI lShJ?IOmAlSJOS -0o.2s SmntOuluAmulA iuJtI -0.00 rn7nm uluAlA suttntp&i*no ENVIOWD/95123TABS-IXL5 us A - 47 APPENDIX B 0 THE RESULTS OF SOILS STUDY _~~ ~ ~~~ _ i 43SZ Qc~4OOO 1 5AH ~~~r | Oi\ \S } ' ts \, O 100 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~200nm. . (P'%O', C 2 ( 2 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Hrzna GGASi ScaleE\ ~ ) TIE iIAHOEc {t ' ~fRTOtA \ \ ; _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" R^ROO Ss\\ PROJECT BOUNDARY 000~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~010 20m t 11sOOOh ~CHANGWAt INI__ *\ _ __ A).;PHOE LINE \ ' - 0 RIVER t\ 8' SOIL BOUNDARY \9'' \/ >--/ LEGEND SOIL 2 o + ey, (SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) <fi ~>'\~.~'\. Honsnia IrBi cl NTEAM > FIGURE B-1 :SOIL MAP ALONG THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE z m R BD x _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lp x~~--GSPIELN \~~ n v ! I l | , , I _~~~I - 0 00 200 ( ~~~~~~~~~~~~rSC A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Verlical GrapicScale ryaSC 0 2Atm k Ty Ok Ml X Hor zontal Graphc Scal SYMBOL la,MiLi ,-- _ _ - PROJECT BOUNDARY (lO1 / * -----PROJECT SIOUNDARY I 20m) "-- - - GAS PIPE LINE CHANGWAT k\ . O AMPHOE <�> _ N CHANGWAT LINE --- AMPHOE LINE ,- = RIVER @>P POND INDEX\ P 1C60COOGN SOIL BOUNDARY LEGENO SOIL .SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) . * ; , I * , * . * . * . ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~II I a S L FIGURE B-1 Cont'd |EnM m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z I~11'11 4 *0001 OcO _E_7000F _80,OO SC C Tk / PCfTk '= 1 '05@S~~~~~~~---'A N < Ka .KpSTm SC . / '3 110 0 (/C"> 7 ob"'V'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'\ ~~~Vertical Graphic Scale Pea StC( 0 1 2 Km _z.JtzZ~" '7' Sf0.4 ch. Horizontal Graphic Scale - -~~~~~~~~~ ~~PC/Tea ><k SYMBOL -. PROJECT BOUNDARY (loOm I PROJECT BOUNDARY I 20 I\ - GAS PIPE LINE 0 CHANGWAT . * AMPHOE ROAD PC Tk :RAILROAD X goo 0o0- CHANGWAT UNE \X,7 \ Rb 940 - - - AMPHOE LINE RIVER .;50/6BOUNDARY Ks&Kp&Tm \ LEGEND SOIL (SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) - _ TEAM w FIGURE B-1 Cont'd w La.,IQ *so.oooe49000f 496.C00E X o.oooe x"Sn 2 <,\S n >, _ . --,,%T Tl/Tk- br ,i ;.IX \ | 0O 100 200m r '2~~'~$~ .~~.~....Pc-9g-Tw ~Vertical Graphic Scale a i~~~~~'N"" . 0 I 2 Km r Horizontal Graphic Scale . ---- - -- - ,r SYMBOL \\ \ _ . - PROJECT OUNODARY (�00.. I .N ----- PROJECT BOUNDARY (201 Wc/ Tk- br g N. - - GAS PIPE LINE NZZ___ CHANGWAT , \ ' Y:1 - . b900C0NE* A,, lyN4, ROAD ''' . RAILROAD .- - - CHANGWAT LINE AMPHOE LINE K RIVER \ \' . PONO \ '& . SC SOIl BOUNUARY SC LEGEND SOIL JSEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) I4IC'..9 Tw/90 * +4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*S ' A. TEAM > m FIGURE B-1 Cont'd m w . . Z xz f *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9s ooot sao ooof o.ta >1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I P;%; A,,I 1-1 01101 100 tOO 4 0 1 2 Km t e'\ \\ Kw/Bg -e 6I5I_Y)N . II.?.U|o a PC I ^1t 0 Pea m IR o80OOON% ~ SYMBOL < . 's > _._ PROJECt 9OUNDARY (IOOM I @ PAOJCTOUNDY _ _ Po 010i 20n.) ^ * GAS PIPE LINE a V GraphTk iTa-br t) cmAuGA vr kft Ong Ka\\*r"ot A MPHOED ~~RAIltOAO , \ CHANGWAT LINE eK w s A - MPHOE LINE / S SOIL SOUNDARY 5 is 00',. I'. 0 I 2Km w 501eOuNORY K* t ,p1NTrt l1 I/ A.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~TA -~~~~~~~~~~~~4 HoIona sloo , . FIGURE tN Contd TABBt-1 I .1 ,00 SI O ., ,, 0 . i , a t | I I . - . - PRJc BONAY lO M. FIUE B1 CotdrA rtp - _ - -POETOUNRYI011 f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S . .. , '! 1E4T0 6 5 10.0 15,00E .C S.;The $.dot Sey"" \0>\^,\ . o 100 200m .mr 1 o te >> \ \ \\ ' _K sa^ K p dS Tm Vertical G aphic Scale r 0 1 2 Km J *>t> 2 X west 2, Horizontal Graphic Scale SYMBOL / _~ / Ks & Kp&Tm m.,Kh...tl) _ _ - PROJECT BOUNDARY 1100m1 PROJECT BOUNDARY 120.II - - GAS PIPE LINE *I~T CHANGWAI \ -0 I145S010N ROAD DI\ .. * Cho.iK Csp RtAILROAD -- -=- CHANGWAT LINE V/ - x> AI2Ar_ --- AMPHOE LINE ee_* RIVER __IE_X . . POND / SOIL BOUNDARY \ \ K _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -1S.. 1L;.y\\eS :_ LEGEND SOIL ISEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) I j | | p .. I , . . 1 1 1 1 11I, *. TEAM > FIGURE B-1 Cont'd z m 0 w. w f~~~~~~~~c p T -I - 55 5d~~~~~~~I -sf 0 1 20 m | Ty-1 5Xp-LY,I-S4t X I-s h | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vemical Graphic Scale o X St-;h ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horio tral : Grapic Scale W, (MI,t SYMBOL SIS - s 4 oN S h iN_ [ j = -PROJECT BOUNDARY sm)\ * . \ /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M Pt x >L | -- CHANGWAT LINE (I)K K& _ _ ANIPHOEUN 1\ Slh < ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PONO WIN8 RAILR8UOAD YHe <A ^" * PNO LEGEND SOIL G Sl-sb I.S O ISEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) KS P D It SIt 0 _ m TEAM > ,c4 CcU E -: Cotd177 , , . I _ez ,,~~~~~~~TI' \ 8 . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vertical (3raphic Scale I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 9 2 K m-)l<l ,~~~ ~~~ To\Q M.\ 0 | ~~~~SYMEtOL % > W- WA ,_ IPROjECT EOUNDARY JIM, I MraN/ NO2 OFI ____.PROJECT BOUNDARY t20m 1 Ksa8Kp OT <Y _ _ GAS PIPE LINE * > 9 \ s \ _ 0 0 1 CHANGWAT - . PROAD BOUNDAR Osn .i3 CHANGWAT LINE - 0 OOON ___ AMPHOE LINE I140 GOON . =C RIVER , I' SOIL BOUNDARY '4.12 LEGEND SOIL K* 'SPNg (SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) * I , . . p I . TEAM > C) FIGURE B-1 Cont'd T 2 X -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ f35 (lJot 540.0001! 545.0E swooofXE T 'C - >- { 4 ; ~-V. (00,p g^CI 0; O 100 200 m KI-mw ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vertical Graphic Scale I w^Fw0 1 2IKm [ ~~~SYMBOL S8 p9r , sL\ 530 _.N PROECT OOLNOARY 100 m I .\ KsHa K mua Gr-phic cKap _ -. PROJECT BOUNDARY t 20m ) g\ )i - GAkS PIPE LINE K*pm_,s p CHANGWAT flw \ AMPHOE * INDEX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' /~~~~~ ~ ROOU/&} X\ o~~ooooos / t/ 1 s KaK.mwK _ _ - SOILET BOUNDARY ' J \ - - GA _ PIPHE UINE Ks&PST t 1 I|* LEGENO SOIL (SEE IN ArTACHED TABBLE) 0 '" i AC . TEAMO> C) FIGURE B-lA Cont'd LINz m CyIZ U)- XE ~~~~~ RIVER .. , . . . | , I I . I ,. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I I I ****I-**----**-**,*~* 3 ufi 54s ODOo 550.Ooof 555 000f 58C00m &, p sE,.\ &~~~~~~~7 s25t . o KsfKs&K-mw&Kp / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 \ t @1 X X _ / 7 i' il _ - r im"o r SY LKs .K ,, w Kp ) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 IOC 200 m vertical Graiphic Scale n _---. 0ROOECT 1OUNDARs 2Km0m 1 ll 2 l.a N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~orizontal G-raphic Scale - - GAS PIPE UINE | I * AFIPHOE j It*\B Is ROAD I __ _|__ ___ GiVER \ ll i __ _ oft I Y 1', (ItlON @U SOIL BOUNDARY S PorR KiC BOUoNA , O0 18 CEGEND SOIL I 2 , (SEE IN ATTACHEO TABBEE ( i I5 , . ^ . I . , , . * , , I *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~II ' I 'l API-0ETEAM D -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- FIGURE ~ ~ RALRA B-i ConCht.. w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~HNWTLN 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~MHELN �~C. k~I EEE 1 00.0001 040.0 0 0 ', 1 I'I z W.1+ t 9, -i - 0-s\1- \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 100 20B rn.m m Vertical Graphic Scale Z \ AqNI\ n ri n0 1 2 Km ^ . \ * * ,~ a bs r* Horizontal G raphic Scale 2 S The ~~~~~~~~ T-b *~~~~t KM F;',Sk rn '~~~~~ cr..II a, 9 f..i*r SYMBOL = PROJECT BOUNDARY lSDO.) \* PROJECT BOUNDARY 1 201) aTn'.0 'i\ " - KFk - - GAS PIPE LINE - ri' - b \ -- '( (*) CHANGWAT / / Ptit * * AMPHOE atloeAl rek '- ' ROAD k t - RAILROAD I SS YOWL-N CHANGWAT LINE MPHOE BUNG ( - _ _- AMPHOE LINE = RIVER POND 1 1i}tDEX SOIL BOUNDARY LEGEND SOIL (SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE) TEAM > ,c FIGURE B-1 Cont'd z w . __ 1.6% OOON Sd-ust D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 0 200 m Vertical G aphic Scale Yi ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 1 2 Km - - GAS PIPE LINE Sc~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ IOOO *5o CHANG sscoW .rT |wboN> t < wst | OROADm / S~~~~~~~~~~~ _ H~~~~~~~~Forizontal: Graphic Scale I SYMBOL CA A LINE SC S _ PROJECT BOUNDARY 1100m PROJECT EOUNOARY I 20. 1 W. K,. \ _ _ GAS PIPE LINE \ct t.SCO.000S I CHANGWAT TABBLE( AMPHOE~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TA -ROAOD\ RAILROAD \ v~__ CHANGwAT LINE O _ _ AMPHOE LINE F E IVER [ ConEd POND > g SOIL BOUNDARY 1~1 INDSX _ LEGEND SOILtL (SEE IN ATTACHED TA88LEE > . . ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TEAM1 C)T FIGURE B-1: Cont'd . MD. '_ E 5 ^ S6r Ioot 1.590OXN E95,OcDE 0 -n > z L- .1 Kh- < T m - r , ssoswJUl \ z . $~~~~~~~xyopt C.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I Tp.e-Kyo-Pth SYMBot tCn- co Rb- co I 10 00 M. SYMBOL Tp - c - Kyo - Pth Rb-co V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~enlical Graphic Scale MAE M4,,,W ~ ~~~~0 1 2 Km _._PROJECt BOUNDARY (100. I A7 t if a4 v, _K - - PROJECT BOUNDARY (lOOm I Horizontal Graphic Scale --- PRO JECt BOUNDARY (20mi G AS POPE LINE flHNWAT RATCHAt3UIr CHANGWAt . /\1_ * AAtPHOIMPNOE ROAD RAILROAD -- - - CHANGWAT LINE LEGEND SOIL - - - AMPHOE LINE I 495 O0ON RIVER Sc POND (SEE IN ArrAC:HEO TABBLE) . t<) 501E~~~~~OI BOUNDARY I~ ~ I I I' . I I * -o~~~~~~~~~~~~7 TEAM - M) FIGURE B-1 Cont'd M w .m TABLE B-1 M PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN THE PIPELINE ROUTE 0 Soil Series Land-form Soil exture Soil Structure Soil Permeability Soil Drainage Soil pH Z Top Soil Sub-Soil Surface Soil Sub-Soil Z I Dail Sai Dissected efosion surlace/ Sandy Slope Sandy clay loam unstable moderate well dfained 6 5 6 Foot hill _ loam 2 Karnphaeng SaerV SemFiecent tefrace/Semi Sill loanv Silty clay moderately stable/ moderate/moderate/ well drained/well 7/6/ 7i5 5n tn Karnphaeng Phet/ recent alluviaULevee Silt loarrm oaryclaylioam moderately stable/ moderate drained/imoderatehy m Thamuang Silty clay loam moderately stable well drained 2 3 Karn Phang SearVnKam Semrirecent Terrace Silt toarm/ Silty clay moderate/moderatei moderate well drain 7/7/6 i 7i7 S Phing Sean mod/Kham Silt loanV ioamiSilty moderate Phang Phet Sdt loam clay loarrVClV 4 Korat mod Middle terrace Sandy loam Sandy clay loam unstable moderate moderately drained 6 _ 5 5 5 KoraVSan Pa tong/Ram Middle terrace Sandy loanV Sandy clay unstable moderate/moderate/ modetely well 6 5/6 56 5 5 5/S 5/i 5 Phong Sandy loarrV loamiSandy Rapid drainedimoderately Sandy loam clay loarrv well drained/well Sandy loam driined 6 Lat Yailha Yang Dissected erosion sulitrce Sandyt toamr Sandy clay unsstatlefunstable Rapid/Rapid well drained/well 5 56f5 5 55 5 Sandy loam lorrVgfavelty drained > clay loam > Z W Zm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 7 Mae Rim High terrace Sandy loam Sandy loam unstable moderate well drained 7 6 5 0 ________ ____ _______ ____ w -l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _rlD . f ~ ~ TABLE B-1 (Cont'd) m z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ in~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Soil Series Land-form Soil Texture Soil Structure Soil Permeability Soil Drainage Soil pR-f Top Soil Sub-Soil Surface Soil Sub-Soil Z 0~~ Z 8 Mae Rim/Nam Phong High terrace/Middle terrace Sandy loam/ very gravelly unstable/imstable moderate/Rapid well drained/Some- 6 5/6 5 5.5/5 5 > Sandy loam sandy clay what excessivelly loamiloamy sand drained > 9 Nam Phong Middle terrace Sandy loam loamy Sand unstable Rapid Somewhat 6 5 5 m tO Na Khon Pathom Semi-recent allvium Silty clay loam Silty clay moderately Stable Slow Somewhat poorly drained 6 8 I 11 Pak Chong Dissected erosion surface Clay clay Stable moderate well drained 65 5 5 12 Pak Chong Stony phai Dissected erosion surface Clay gravelly clay Stable moderate well drained 65 55 13 Pak Cliong/Ban Chongl Dissected erosion Surtace Clay/Clay ClaylClay/ Stable/nmoderate moderate/moderate/ well drained/well 8 515 S/7 5 15/.6 Tap Khwang loam/Clay Clay Stable/morderate moderate drained/will drained loam Stable 14 Pak Cho,g/Takhtr Dissected erosion Surface Clay/Clay - Clay/Clay Stable/Stilble moderate/moderate well drainedAvell 6 5/8 S s/a 5 15 Pak Chong/lHn Son Dissected erosion Surlace Clay/Clay Clay/Gravelly Stable/Stable moderate/moderate well drained/weB 6 5/7 5 /5 5 l6 Slkhio Shallow High terrace loam Clay loam moderatui stable Rapid moderably well 6 5 5 1 7 Sung Noen Middle terrace - Silt loam Silty clay loam moderately stable moderate well drained 6 5 5 5 > > la Takhli Dissected erosion surface Clay Clay Stable Slow well drained B 8 5 X CO 4 M TABLE B-1 (Cont'd) Soil Series Land-form Soil Texture Soil Structure Soil Permeability Soil Drainage Soil pH _ rp Top Soil Sub-Soll Surface Soil Sub-Soil > 19. Takhtl/Ta-klti brown Dissected erosion surface Clay Clay Stable Slow well drained 8 5 x ------------------------I----------------- ------------- ----.---- Cs 20. Thayvng Dissected erosion surface Sandy loam Gravelly clay unstable Rapid well drained 6 6 > -u m 21. Tha Y ang/Lat Ya Dissected erosion surface Sandy loamV Gravelty/clay unstabletunstable RapidtRapid wet drainedAwell 6/5 5 6/5 5 2_ z Sandy loam loatrVSandy drained m clay lom 2 22. The Yang/Muak Lek/li Dissected erosion surface/ Sandy toamt Gtavelly clay unstable/moderately Rapid/moderale/ well drained/well 6/7Ai5 5/5 5I 5 Dissected erosion surface/ loanVioam loarmClay stabeVunstable moderate drained/well drained Dissected erosion surface loadVGravelly tt clay loam 23 U_name Dissected__ erosion------- - s Sandy-- loam_ S loam---- unstable______ Rapid wel dr6 56 - 23. Unname 2 Dissected erosion surface Sandy loam Sandy loam unstable Rapid well drained 6 S 6 5 24. Unname 2 Dissected erosion surface Sandy loam Sarndy loam unstable Rapid wetl drained 6 5 S 25. Want Chomplue/Takli brown Dissected erosion surface Clay/Clay Clay/Clay Stable Slow/moderate well drained 6 5/6 SI8 5 1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~' 26i Yang Talat Middle terface Sandy toam Sandy Wzm unstable moderale mdrately well 7 S 5 27. Yang Talat-mod San Middle terrace/Middle Sandy toarn Sandy oarrV unstablehunstable moderate/moderate moderatetmoderate 7/6 5 5 5/5 5 > > Patorig terrace Sand loam Sandy clay Z m m b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lamZ W CY) . __ cn- - n - TABLE B-1 lCont'd) o 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Soil Series Land-form Soil Texture Soil Structure Soil Permeability Soil Drainage Soil pH Top Soil Sub-Soil Surface Soil Sub-Soil Z ci~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ .___ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > 0 28 Escarpment f_ C) 29 Rock al d f t m 30 Slope Complen Structural mountain and Clay/Sandy Clay/Gravelly Slable/tinstable/ moderate/Rapidl well drained/well 8/8 5 8 S/S S m z hilly area loam/Rock land loam/tRock Stable Rapid drainedlwell drained r 31 Oeum Bang low terrace Clay Clay Stabe ot Slow Poorly drained 6 6 rt 32 Phon Phisa middle terrace Gravelly loam Gravelly Clay moderetle stable moderate moderate 6 8 8 � ---------- ------- ------ _________ -------- ----- 33 Pak Tho low terrace Sandy clay Clay loam moderatety stable to Slow Smoewhat poorly 6 6 loam unstable drained 34 Sadao-ust middle terrace loamy sand Sandy loam unstable moderate Somewhat exces 6 6 �__________________ ---------------- --------- _________ ------------ ------------ ______________ ---- I- - - 35 Colluvial Complex Dissected erosion surface Clay to Clay loam 36 Gravel Pile 37 That Phanom-c Khan Yol bw terraceAow lerrace Clay loamv Clay loanV moderately stable/ moderate/slow Somewhat poorty 7/6 5 5/5 5 loam Silty clay moderately stable drained/poorly -u > ITt loam drained Zrnm -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- z TABLE B-1 (Cont'd) 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ m1 >4 Soil Series Land-form Soil Texture Soil Structure Soil Permeability Soil Drainage Soil pH > Top Soil Sub-Soil Surface Soil Sub-Soil Z 8 ~_ _ __ _ _ _ ._ __ _ >_ 38. Kho Yoi)iNakhon Panom- low terraceftow terrace loamrSilt Silty clay/ moderately stable/ moderate/slow Somewhat poorly 7/1 5 5/5 5 C brown loam loamtloam moderately stable drained/poofly 39. Bang Pa-in Flood plain Clay Clay Stable Slow poorly drained 6 5.5 r 40. Ratchabuni-ce Food Plain Clay Clay Stable Slw ooorly drained 8 8 m -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 41. Chinat-ca/Ratchaburisca Flood Plain Silty clay/ clay loam/r moderatety stable/ Slw/Slow Somewhat poorly a 8 loamrclay clay stable drained/Poorly 42. Kham Phang Sean Sime-recent terrace Silt loam Silty clay moderatety egable moderata well drained 7 7 W loam 43. Tha Muang-ca Levee Silty clay loam moderaelty stable moderate moderately/well 7 7 loam drained 44. Bang Lr3n-r Former tidal Flat Clay Ctay Stable Slow Poorly drained 7 a 45. Karal Lddla teirace Sandy loam Santdy loam ; unstable moderate moderately well 6 5 5 5 46. Tak*libiown Dissected erosion surface/ Clay Clay Stable moderate well drained e 6 5 Foot hill slope _' -u- O m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ co -t I a" rn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B TABLE B-2 SOiL SERIES AND AREAS ALONG THE PiPELINE ROOUTic No. Soil Series Legend Distance Area % (km). (Rai) 1. Dan Sai Ds 5.00 125 2.14 2. Kamphaeng Sean/Kamphaeng Phet/ Ks/KpfTm 23.00 576 9.88 Thamuang 3. Kam Phang Sean/Kamphang Saen mod/ Ks/Ks-modlKp 7.00 176 3.02 Khamphang Phet 4. Korat mod Kt 4.00 100 1.72 5. KoratVSan Pa tong/Nam Phong KtSp/Ng 3.00 76 1.30 6. Lat YafTha Yang LlTy 6.80 170 2.92 7. Mae Rim Mr 2.80 70 1.20 8. Mae Rim/Nam Phong Mr/Ng 1.00 26 0.45 9. Nam Phong Ng 2.00 50 0.86 10. Na Khon Pathom Np 5.50 138 2.37 11. Pak Chong Pc 15.30 382 6.55 12. Pak Chong Stony phai Pc-stony 4.10 102 1.75 13. Pak Chong/Ban ChonglThap Khwang Pc/Bc/TW 4.20 106 1.82 14. Pak Chong/Takhli PclTk 10.00 250 4.29 15. Pak Chong/Hin Son Pc/Hs 4.70 118 2.02 16. Sikhio Shallow 13.70 342 5.87 17. Sung Noen SN 1.70 42 0.72 18. Takhli Tk 12.90 322 5.53 19. TakhlilTa-khli brown Tk/Tk-brown 6.80 170 2.92 20. Thayang Ty-hig. base 4.10 102 1.75 21. Tha Yang/Lat Ya Ty-hig. base/Ly 6.50 162 2.78 22. Tha Yang/Muak Lek/Li 0.60 16 0.27 23. Unname 1 UN1 1.30 32 0.55 24. Unname 2 UN2 0.60 16 0.27 25. Wang ChompluelTakli brown WcfTk-BROWN 8.00 200 3.43 ENV I 0041971301TA88-2.0oC PAGE B-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B TABLE B-2 (Cont'd) No. Soil Series Legend Distance Area % (km) (Rai) 26. Yang Talat Yt 13.90 348 5.97 27. Yant Talat M./Sanpa Thong Yt-mod.well drained/Sp 1.50 38 0.65 28. Escarpment 0.20 6 0.10 29. Rock land 2.10 52 0.89 30. Slope Complex SC 26.30 658 11.29 31. Deum Bang Db 3.00 76 1.30 32. Phon Phisai Pp 2.40 60 1.03 33. Pak tho Pt 3.50 88 1.51 34. Sadao UST. St.udtic 2.50 62 1.06 35. Colluvial Complex CC 2.00 5 0.09 36. Gravel Pit GP 1.00 26 0.45 37. That Phanom-c/Khao Yoi Tp 3.30 82 1.41 38: Kho Yoi/Nakhon Panom-brown Ky/Nm 3.40 86 1.48 39. Bang Pa-in 0.60 16 0.27 40. RatchabunFca Rb-ca. 0.90 22 0.38 41, Chainat-CARatchaburi-CA Cn-ca/Rb-ca. 4.60 116 1.99 42. Kham Phang Saen Ks 3.70 92 1.58 43. Tha Muang-ca Tm-ca 2.00 50 0.86 44. Bang Len-Ove. BI-over 0.50 12 0.21 45. Korat Kt 0.50 12 0.21 46. Takhli-brown Tk-bro. 2.10 52 0.89 Total 5,828 100.00 ENVI0047 1 30fTABB-2.DOC PAGE B-20 z TABLE B-3 n 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 FACTORS IN SOIL LOSS EQUATION No. Soil Series K LS C Without C With Project C With Project P Without P With Project P With Project Z Project and Without and With Project and Without and With Measures Measures Measures Measutes > C) 1 Dan Sai 030 083 0.55 1 0.1 0.55 1 0.1 r 2 2 Kamphaeng SearnKamphaeng Phet/Thamuang 0.23 0 23 0.55 1 0 1 0 55 1 01 1 3 Kam, Phang Sean/Kamphang Saen mod/Khamphang Phet 0 23 0.23 0 55 1 0 1 0.55 1 01 m 4 Korat mod 0 56 0.43, 0.55 I 01 0 55 1 01 5. KoratlSan Pa tong/Nam Phong 138 043 0.55 1 0.1 055 1 0.1 6. Lat YafTha Yang 0.56 1.82 009 1 0.1 0.09 1 01 7 Mae Rim 0 56 1.82 0.55 1 0.1 0.55 1 0 1 8 Mae Rim/Nam Phong 0 96 043 0 55 1 0 1 0 55 1 0.1 9. Nam Phong 0.80 0.43 0.55 1 01 0 55 1 0.1 10 Na Khon Pathom 018 0.18 0.28 1 01 0 28 1 01 11. Pak Chong 0.14 08 0.55 1 . 0.1 0.55 1. 01 12 Pak Chong Stony phai 0.14 08 0 55 1 01 0 55 1 01 13 Pak Chong/Ban ChongiThap Khwang 014 0.8 055 1 01 055 1 01 14 Pak ChongfTakhli 0.14 0.8 055 1 0.1 0 55 1 0.1 15. Pak Chong/Hin Son 0.14 08 055 1 0.1 0.55 1 01 >~ r m Z m w ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0- co -t z TABLE B-3 (Cont'd) r 0 No. Soil Series K LS C Without C With Project C With Project P Without P With Project P With Project z Project and Without and With Project and Without and With Z Measures Measures Measures Measures C X F- _ . . _ 16. Sikhio Shallow 0.56 1.28 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 01 1 m 17. Sung Noen 0.36 OA3 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 01 m z 1B. Takhli 0.14 0.83 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 01 m 19. TaknliVTa-khli brown 0.14 0.83 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 01 2 20. Thayang 0.56 1.82 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 0.1 L 21. Tha YanglLat Ya 0.56 1.82 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 0.1 22. Tha YanglMuak Lek1Ai 0.56 1.82 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 01 23. Unname 1 0.56 I 1.82 009 1 0.1 0 09 1 0 1 24. Unnzime 2 0.56 1.82 0.09 0.1 0.09 1 0 1 25. Wang Chomplue/Takli brown 0.14 0.83 0.55 1 0.1 0.55 1 0 1 26. Yang Talat 0.14 0.83 0.55 1 01 0 55 1 01 27. Yant Talat M./Sanpa Thong 0.56 1.82 0.55 1 0.1 0.55 1 0.1 28 Escarpment 1 01 29. Rock land 1 01 30. Slope Complex 1.68 17.63 0S09 1 0 0.09 101 11 ]. Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 0> ) -o - w ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xo� M',o UD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W- z TABLE B-3 (Cont'd) 0 No. Soil Series K LS C Without C With Project C With Project P Without P With Project P With Project z Project and Without and With Project and Without and With Z Measures Measures Measures Measures c En 31. Deum Bang 014 0.18 0.28 1 0.1 0.28 1 0.1 :i 32 Phon Phisai 0 29 064 0.09 1 01 0 09 1 0.1 C 33. Pak tho 0.14 0.18 0.28 1 0.1 0.28 1 0.1 m 34 Sadao UST 0.56 0.83 0.55 1 0.1 0.55 1 01 0 35 Colluvial Complex 0.56 1.82 * 009 1 0.1 0.09 1 01 36. Gravel Pit 37. That Phanom-clKhao Yoi 0.29 0.43 0.55 . 1 0.1 0 55 1 0.1 38 Kho YoilNakhon Panom-brown 0.14 018 0.28 1 01 0 28 1 0.1 39. Bang Pa-in 0.14 0.18 0.28 1 0.1 0.28 1 01 40. Ratchabunt-ca 0.14 018 0.28 1 0.1 0 28 1 01 41. Chainat-CANRatchaburiCA 0.14 0.18 0.28 1 01 0 28 1 0.1 42 Kham Phang Saen 0.18 0.43 0.55 1 0.1 0 55 1 01 43 Tha Muang-ca 0.23 0.64 0.55 1 01 0.55 1 0 1 44. Bang Len-Ove 0.18 018 0.28 1 01 028 1 01 45 Koral 0.23 0.64 0.55 1 01 0 55 1 01 46. Takhli-brown 014 0.83 0.55 1 01 055 1 01 m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>Zm x0 W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c EIA FOR YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B TABLE B-4 AMOUNT OF SOIL LOSSES (Tons/Rai/Year) Erosion (TorvRaijYear) No. Soil Series Legend W/O With Project With Project Project and WIO and With Measures Measures 1. Dan Sai Ds 5.17 17.08 0.17 2. Kamphaeng SearnKamphaeng Phetl Ks/KpWTm 1,10 3.63.04 Thamuang 3. Kam Phang SearVKamphang Saen modt Ks/Ks-mod./Kp 1.10 3.63 0.04 Khamphang Phet 4. Korat mod Kt 500 16.52 0.17 5. KorattSan Pa tong#Nam Phong KV/SPINg 12.37 40.90 0.41 6. Lat Ya/Tha Yang Ly/Ty 0.57 69.92 0.70 7. Mae Rim Mr 21.15 69.92 0.70 8. Mae RimVNam Phong Mr/Ng 8.57 28.32 0.28 9. Nam Phong Ng 7.14 23.60 0.24 10. Na Khon Pathom Np 0.17 2.22 0.02 11. Pak Chong Pc 2.32 7.68 0.08 12. Pak Chong Stony phai Pc-stony 2.32 7.68 0.08 13. Pak Chong!Ban Chong/Thap Khwang P8cfBcW 2.32 7.68 0.08 14. Pak ChoncJTakhli Pc/Tk 2.32 7.68 0.08 15. Pak ChonglHin Son Pc/Hs 2.32 7.68 0.08 16. Sikhio Shallow 14.87 49.17 0.49 17. Sung Noen SN 3.21 10.62 0.11 18. Takhli Tk 2.41 7.97 . 0.08 19. Takhli/Ta-khli brown Tk/Tk4town 2.41 7.97 0.08 20. Thayang Ty-hig. base 21.15 69.92 0.70 21. Tha Yang/tat Ya Ty-hig. base/Ly 21.15 69.92 0.70 22. Tha Yang/Muak LekJLi 21.15 69.92 0.70 23. Unname 1 UNI 0.57 69.92 0.70 24. Unname 2 UN2 0.57 69.92 0.70 25. Wang Chornmpl/Tak!i brown (WcT.B9BRJWN 2.41 7.97 u.08 ENV100497130/ArAB4.DOC PAGE B-24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX 8 TABLE B-4 (Cont'd) (Tonxs,ai/Year) Erosion (Ton/RaVYear) No. Sail Series Legend W/O With Project With Project Project and W/O and With Measures Measures 26 Yang Talat Yt 2.41 7.97 0 08 27 Yant Talat MI/Sanpa Thong YI-mod.well dra&nedeSp 21.15 69.92 0.70 28 Escarpment 0.O0 0.00 0.00 29 Rock land 0.00 0.00 0.00 30. Slope Complex SC 16.46 2,031.82 20.32 31. Deum Bang Db 0.14 1.73 0.02 32. Phon Pthisai Pp 0.10 12.73 0.13 33. Pak tho Pt 0.14 1.73 0.02 34. Sadao UST. Studtic 9.65 31.89 0.32 35 Colluvial Complex CC 0.57 69.92 0.70 36. Gravei Pit GP 0 nn 0.00 0.00 37. That Phanom-cjKhao You Tp 2.59 8.55 0.09 38. Kho YoilNakhon Panom-brown Ky/Nm 0,14 1.73 0.02 39.- Bang Pa-in 0.14 1.73 0.02 40. Ratchaburi-ca Rb-ca. 0.14 1.73 0.02 41. Chainat-CAdRatchaburi-CA Cn-ca/Rb.ca. 0.14 1.73 0.02 42. Kham Phang Saen Ks 1.61 5.31 0.0Q 43 Tha Muang-ca Tm-ca 3.05 10.10 .0.10 44 Bang Len-Ove. 81-over 0 17 2.22 0.02 45. Korat Ki 3.05 1010 0.10 46 Takhli-brown Tk-bro. 2.41 7.97 0.08 ENvoo04/97130(tABB-4Dooc PAGE B-25 APPENDIX C THE RESULTS OF FOREST INVENTORYi ,,- - SYMBOL PROJECT BOUNDARY (l0Omn A? LN USPROJECT BOUNDARY A 2r m I \ fS S ~~~~~~~~~~~CHANGZ,7 AMPHOE-LINE .AAC | I' POWR P 1 |Ki . LEGENO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LAND USE BOUNDAR Al I .RlAIEIFD PACOY FIELD I4At4OVIAT RAl'CI4ABURI p H orizonlal Graphic Scale Alm B. R.ATION PADY flELD I Al . PALO EROP ___> ___ A? * .P00r1o orc00 ro9 \ t | . tNDEX_ Fl I * 0A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O0 posEs?~~~~~Vrtcl rphcScl U S , W. LD LA N D0 , FO R ES All . . RRIATIO PI DOYA t r EL I A95 GlOON UT LA ERIIE AT Ml. IAUL * ^E RESOL4CE Al F LIELOT CRPS _I * OOII AI ,S ,. , ,, ..,. w ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TEAM ,2* FIGURE E-1: Cont'd . C;A* trt~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~i ..D._UOSFAS mF (4 ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MT SMS EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-1 SOME SPECIES OF TREES WERE FOUND IN THE 31 SAMPLING PLOTS ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE No. FamilyNernacular name Scientific name FAMILY: ANACARDIACEAE 1 Mamuang paa I2tJiI Mangifera caloneura Kurz 2 Kuk (In) Lannea coromandelica Merr. 3 Rak (Fn) Malanorhoea glabra R.Br. 4 Mamuang (:IZ4:i Mangifera indica Linn. 5 Mamue WznI,I Choerospondias axillaris Burtt & Hill FAMILY: ANNONACEAE 6 Ponyalthia Polyalthia sp. 7 Yaang on (Int4Iu) Polyalthia viridis Craib FAMILY: APOCYNACEAE 8 Teenped (AULOlM) Aistonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. FAMILY: ARALIACEAE 9 Phaknaamchang (t:nU-i3A-I) Pseudobrassaiopsis polyacantha Bennerjee FAMILY: ASCLEPIADACEAE 10 Nomtamlia (Ut3jA)Lf!J Hoya ovalifolia W.& A. FAMILY BARRINGTONIACEAE 11 Chik (;n) Barnrigronia racemosa Roxb. FAMILY BIGNONIACEAE 12 Khae (LLI Stereospermum sp. 13 Phekaa (Lyfln)) Oroxylum indicum Vent. FAMILY BOMBACACEAE 14 Ngiu paa 0-rnTh) Bombax anceps Pierre FAMILY BURSERACEAE 15 Makoem (I2J:n4) Canarium subulatum Guill. FAMILY CAPPARIDACEAE ENV 1O4197130rrABC-1.DOC PAGE C-1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-1 (Cont'd) r No. FamilvNVm ar name I niceriatifio. ridm,le 16 Kumnam (n3ju7) Crateva magna DC. FAMILY: COMBRETACEAE 17 haen (umu) Terminalia glaucifolia Craib FAMILY COMPOSITEA 18 Naadkhao (lU1-LoJ'1) Anaphalis adnata DC. FAMILY DILLENIACEAE 19 Saan tk1u) Dillenia obovata IBI.) Hoogl. 20 Mataad (Utn1A) Dillenia indica Linn. FAMILY: DIPTEROCARPACEAE 21 Yaangna (uw)u1) Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. 22 Takhien IRtn.teu) Hopea sp. 23 Yaangdang (UEU14M4) Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. f. 24 Yaang (t1'4) Dipterocarpus sp. FAMILY EBENACEAE 25 Diospyros Diospyros sp. FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE 26 LoKhaao (ilorn) Macaranga quadicornis Ridl. 27 Phobaai (iAlu) Sapium baccatum Roxb. 28 Pohuuchang WtI1Mn14) Macarranga giganta Muell. Arg. 29 Plaoluang (LdlflrMNfll) Croton oblongifolius Roxb. FAMILY: FAGACEAE 30 Ko 16) Lithocarpus sp. 31 Kophuang Inew'7) Lithocarpus tenestratus Rehd. 32 Kophae (6IDUVIZ) Quercus kerrii Craib FAMILY: FLACOURTIACEAE 33 Krabao yai Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre ENVl004/97130/TrAC-l.DOC PAGE C-2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-1 (Cont'd) No. FamilyNernacular Scientific name FAMILY GRAMINEAE 34 Phai-paa (1u"l) Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Wild. 35 Phai-bong (CUkjI: Bambusa natans Wall. 36 Phai-hiae IU'LJL.) Cephalostachyum virgatum Kurz 37 Phai-saang lti'DNI Dendrocalamus strictus I Nees 38 Phai-hok (1xhAn) Dendrocalamus hamiitonii Nees 39 Phai-rai lUli) Gigantochloa albociliata Munro 40 Phai-pak (kUwin) Gigantochloa hasskartiana Back. ex K. Heyne FAMILY: LAURACEAE 41 Chiat ltim) Cinnamomum iners BI. 42 Cinnamomum Cinnamomum sp. 43 Tonglaad (0%4uo)) Actinodaphne henryi Gamble FAMILY: LEGUMINOSAE 44 Kachh (T_41t) Millettia leucantha Kurz 45 Kaasae (nlnmv Millettia atropurpurea 8enth. 46 Sabaa l*nlI) Entada pursaetha DC. FAMILY: LYTHRACEAE 47 Lagerstroemia Lagerstroemia sp. 48 Salao Owli) Lagerstroemia tomentosa Presl 49 Tabaek (pinnin) Lagerstroemia cuspidata Wall. FAMILY MAGNOLIACEAE 50 Champaa-paa IelU1thI Aromadendron elegans Bl. FAMILY : MALASTOMATACEAE 51 Khlong khleng (IP141Lfl4) Melastoma polyanthum 81. FAMILY : MELIAC_A-- 52 Mayomhin l;JnUU) Mehosma pinnara Walp. 53 Langsaad (flt1'),ul Aglaia domestica Pelleg. ENV100J97130TABC 1DOC PAGE C-3 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-1 (Cont'd) No. I FamilvNernacular name I Rcientific name 54 Maamuichaang (VI1WI4w14) Dysoxylum urens Koord.&Val. 55 Khaangkhaao (Inll) .1) Aglaia pirifera Hance - 56 kadlin (lITiA1u) Walsura trichostemon Miq. FAMILY: MIMOSACEAE 57 Kaangkheemot (n"14! 210) Albizia odoratissima Benth. 58 Albizia Albizia sp. 59 Chaniang (n:tZlMA) Archidendron jaringa Nielsen 60 Maklamton (nlWn1iiu) Adenathera pavonina Linn. FAMILY: MORCEAE 61 Madueaplong (l3-!LpI,JfA) Ficus hispida Linn.f. 62 Sai (lI-n) Ficus annulata Bl. FAMILY: MYRISTICACEAE 63 Maphraonokkok (1vnnQinnn) Horsfieldia glabra Warb. 64 Lueat raet (LflmUJ6P) Knema globularia Warb. FAMILY: MYRTACEAE 65 Waa (MW') Eugenia cumini Druce FAMILY: NYSSACEAE 66 Khaangkhaak (flfwin) Nyssa javanica Wang FAMILY: PAPILIONACEAE 67 Phayuung (OvAZ4) Dalbergia cochinchinensis BI. 68 Ketdaeng .(0 MLLI4) Dalbergia dongnaiensis Pierre 69 Cingchan (i-lt4l) Dalbergia oiiveri Gamble 70 Krapeeklue l4!M) Dalbergia foliaceae Wall. 71 Krachoh (,JL1) Millettia leucantha Kurz 72 Ket (CU P) Dalbergia sp. 73 Thonglaangpaa (neDufll4ft ) Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. 74 Peechan (ilu) Dalbergia cana Grah. ENV1 004971301TABC1.DC PAGE C-4 EIA OF YAOANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-1 (Cont'd) No. FamilyNernacular name Scientific name FAMILY PROTEACEAE 75 Polaai lLlriuLJ 1l Grewia elatostemoides Coll. et Hemsl 76 Po (1J9) Grewia sp. 77 Grewia Grewia sp. FAMILY PALMAE 78 Taoraang (uii1f14 Caryota urens Linn. FAMILY RUTACEAE 79 Hatsakhun (Iff)ru) Micromelum minutum Wight & Am. I~~~~ FAMILY: RUBIACEAE 80 Krathum (nfnlj) Mitragyna sp. 81 Khaengkwaang (Aii42lTl) Wendlandia tinctoria A.DC. 82 Khempaa (LiIl) Pavetta wallichiana Steud. 83 Khatkhao (flt0 )1) Randia parvula Ridl. FAMILY: SONNERATIACEAE 84 Lamphuupaa (fii1thl Duabanga grandiflora IRoxb. ex DC.) Waip. FAMILY: STERCULIACEAE 85 Lampaang l1214)Pterospermum diversifolium 81. 86 Poeekeng l,eLni) Pterocymbium javanicum R.Br. 87 Kanaanpling (nIMUl1UlJi;) Pterospermum acerifolium Wild. 88 Potuupfaai liJQudhil) Sterculia omata Wall. FAMILY SAPINDACEAE 89 Lamyaipa (il1U1) Paranephelium longifoliolatum Lec. 90 Kholaen ('vLsUM) Xerospermum intermedium Radlk. 91 Lacnyai lf1Th) Dimocarpus longan Merr. 92 Takhro (01ZP)7 Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken ENV1004/97130/TABC.1IDOC PAGE C-5 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-1 (Cont'd) { N0 I FamilyNeac;ular nid ame Scientific name FAMILY: SYMPLOCACEAE 93 Mueatdong WAlImtpw) Symplocos ferrugtnea Roxb. FAMILY: SIMAROUBACEAE 94 Mayompaa (W-Uj1I) Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston FAMILY: STAPHYLEACEAE 95 Muanggom WIil3'T:j) Turpinia cochinchinensis Merr. FAMILY TILIACEAE 96 Colona Colona sp. FAMILY THEACEAE 97 Thalo (2 91 u.V-si-) Schima wallichii Korth FAMILY: ULMACEAE 98 Mahaat (34:U'1P) Celtis tetradra Roxb. 99 Luupleep (IliluI Ulmus lancifolia Roxb. FAMILY VERBENACEAE 100 Phaasian I.titlU) Vitex canescens Kurz 101 So 4(a) Gmelina arborea Roxb. FAMILY XANTHOPHYLLACEAE 102 Khaangkhaao (!r9IT'fl) Xanthophyllum virens Roxb. FAMILY: ZINGIBERACEAE 103 Ammum Amomum sp. 104 Khaaling Hli-f) Alpinia conchigera Griff. ENV1004/97130/TABC-1 DOC . PAGE C-6 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-2 TREES DENSi i- OF 31 SAMPLING PLOT No. Vernacular name Scientific name FAMILY Tree No. Tree/ha 1 Krathum (nl5:1j) Mit1ragyna spp. RUBIACEAE 6 1 .9355 2 Khaangkhaak IM1f13N NVss javanica Wang NYSSACEAE 1 0 3226 3 Lamphuupaa(lin'T11l Duabanga grandifbora lRoxb.ex DC.) walp. SONNERATIACEAE 3 0 9677 4 Po (iJI) Gewia spp. PROTIACEAE 9 2 9032 5 Madueaplong (=Mt1j;fl)4I Ficus hispida Unn.i MORCEAE 1 0.3226 6 Ketdaeng (inmum4) Dalbergia dongaiensis Pierre . PAPILIONACEAE 1 0.3226 7 OTHiLagers.) Lagerstroemia spp. LYTHRACEAE 2 0 6452 8 Kaangkneemot (ml11141i011) Albizia odoratissima Benth. MINOSACEAE 1 0.3226 9 Mamuangpaa iu_u14t'l Mangifera caloneuma Kurz ANACARDIACEAE 1 0.3226 10 Polaai (jI)AID) Gewia elatosteroides Coil.et Hemsl PROTIACEAE 3 0.9677 11 Salao (01141 Lagerstroemia tomrentosa Presl LYTHRACEAE 2 0.6452 12 Lampaang IfilNi4) Pterrospermur diversiolium Bl. STERCULIACEAE 1 0.3226 13 Lokhaan IRe11) Macaranga quadicomis RidI. EUPHORBIACEAE 2 0.6452 14 Phobaas (tI.J'1 Sapium baccatum Roxb. EUPHORBIACEAE 8 2.5806 15 OTH . 35 11.2903 16 Huuchaang (!il14I Fiamiana colorata R.Br. EUPHORBIACEAE 1 0.3226 17 Lamyaipaa lie5*luib) Paranephelium longifpliolatum Lec. SAPINDACEAE 7 2.2581 18 Ko (rin) Lithocarpus spp. . FAGACEAE 5 1.6129 19 Koplong (arA11i4) Lithocarpus spp. FAGACEAE 31 10.0000 20 Yaangnaa (Ul4U1) Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 2 0.6452 21 Thalo WMlfl) Schtma wallichir Kurth THEACEAE 11 3.5484 22 Khaangkhaao rl4viql) Xanthophyllum virens Roxb. XANTHOPHYLLACEAE 5 1.6129 23 Takhien (WIMAuU Hopea spp. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 1 0.3226 24 Makeum I1_Lnl1j1 Canarium subulatum Guill. BURSERACEAE 2 0.6452 25 Kophae ItribLLWA.) Lithocarpus spp. FAGACEAE 1 0.3226 26 Yomhin (UlJUUi Meioma pinnata Watp. MELIACEAE 1 0.3226 27 KhaengGoung Iut41lTn)4 Wendlandia tincroria A.DC RUBIACEAE 1 0.3226 28 Yaang,Yaangnaa tt14,Ntl4U) Dipterocarpus abtus Roxb. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 23 7 4194 29 Chiat lIAi) Cinnamomum iners Bl. LAURACEAE 5 1.6129 30 Cinnamomum Cinnamomum spp. LAURACEAE 1 0.3226 31 Muetdong ( I)tlA tA1 Symplocos ferruginea Roxb. SYMPLOCACEAE 1 0.3226 32 Thongfaangpaa vivneufl141h Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. PAPIL(ONACEAE 3 0.9677 33 Sal CiAT) Ficus annulara B MORCEAE 1 0.3226 3' Ch,k ;nl) Barrmgtonia racemosa Roxb. BARRINGTONIACEAE 2 0.6452 Waa MnY . Eugema cumn (L.I Druce MYTRACEAE 9 29032 36 Phaasian (rlinu) Vitex canescens Kurz VERBENACEAE 1 0.3226 ENV100437130TABC.2,OOC PAGE C-7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-2 (Cont'd) No. Local name Scientific name FAMILY Tree No. Tree,ha 37 Maphraaonokkok Wzz1'nleunnn) Horsfeldia gbabra Warb. MYRISTICACEAE 0 3226 38 Tonglaat (l9It4fIl)I Acrinodaphne henryi Gamble LAURACEAE 2 0 6452 39 Krachoh 1:tiZ) MilleOia leucantha Kurz PAPILIONACEAE 12 3 8710 40 Teenped I'ULfln) Alstonia scholans (L.) R.Br. APOCYNACEAE 1 0.3226 41 San lalu.J.*lUd) Dallinia obovate (BI.) Hoogl, DILLENIACEAE 4 1.2903 42 Tabaek In:atJ)n Lagerstroernia cuspidata Wall. LYTHRACEAE 7 2.2581 43 Kaasae (nrltIZ-) Millettia atropurpurea Benth. LEGUMINACEAE 2 0 6452 44 Langsaadpaa (Ml1f41111i) Aglaia pirifera Hance MELIACEAE 1 0 3226 45 Saba ltql) Entada pursae,tha DC. MIMOSACEAE 1 0.3226 46 Yornpaa (If]t1,YZ3EJJl Ailanthus triphysaiDennstJ Alston SIMAROUBACEAE 2 0.6452 47 Champaapaa ttIJdIJI) Aromadendron lelepans Bl. MAGNOLIACEAE 2 0.6452 48 Diospyros Diospyros spp. EBENACEAE 3 0.9677 49 Kholaen (rtnLLeU) Xerospemrnum intetmedium Radik. SAPINDACEAE 5 1.6129 50 So (ie) Gne/ina aborea Roxb. VER8ENACEAE 4 1.2903 51 Mamue l(ZYe) Choerospondias axilaris Burtt &*Hill ANACARDIACEAE 2 0.6452 52 Tebia 1 0.3226 53 Abizzia Abizzia spp. MIMOSACEAE 4 1.2903 54 Krabao yaV (ns, IlJ) HydnocarPcs antheiminthicus Pierre FLACOURTIACEAE 1 0.3226 55 Potyalthia Polyafhia spp. ANNONACEAE 5 1.6129 56 Kuk *n) Lannea corwmandelica Merr. ANNONACEAE 1 0.3226 57 Chingchann(i4fu Dalbergia olivem Gamble PAPILIONACEAE 2 0.6452 58 Kha,e (lU) Stereospermum spp. BIGNONIACEAE 1 0.3226 59 Yaang on (t.ltfl4u) Polyaithi uridis Craib. ANNONACEAE 1 0.3226 60 Mahaat (WJZ1I) Cehis tetranda Roxb. ULMACEAE 3 0.9677 61 Po eekeng WIEem4) Pterocymbium javanicum R.Br. STERCUUACEAE 1 0.3226 62 Lueat raet liflenuLL5 Knema giolana Warb. MYRISTICACEAE 1 0.3226 63 Kumnam *lrju1) Crateva magna DC. CAPPARIDACEAE 1 0.3226 64 Yaangdaeng (J14 M4) Dipterwarpus turbinatus Gaeth DIPTEROCARPACEAE 6 1.9355 65 Mataad (=Y114) Dillenia indica DILLENIACEAE 3 0.9677 66 Ammomum Amnmomum sp. ZINGIBURACEAE 1 0.3226 67 Kanaanpling (nfzmutuil.4) Pterospermum acerifolium Criab STERCULIACEAE 1 0.3226 68 Katlin (61fflull Walsura trichostemon Miq. MELIACEAE 1 0.3226 Total 23 8. LII Average/Ha .88.065 ENV00aRa7130frABC-2.O0C PAGE C-8 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-3 SAPLING DENSITY OF 31 SAMPLING PLOT No. Local name Scientific name FAMILY Tree no. Average/ha I Kangkhak (11II Nyssa Javanica (St.) Craz NYSSACEAE 1 i2.90 2 Lokhao 11V'V1.7VTU) Macarranga tanarnua (LI Muefl.Arg EUPHOBIACEAE 3 38.71 3 Kumnam (rpu l( Crateva magna DC. CAPPARIDACEAE 1 12.90 4 Salao (L6Tl Lagerstroemia romenrosa Presi LYTHRACEAE 3 38.71 5 Mamoung iiS4) Mangitera mndica Linn ANACARDIACEAE 1 12.90 6 Thakien (iFtUI) Hopea spp. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 4 51 61 7 Moungkom Nwefw) Turpinia Cocnhnch,nensis 8B. STAPHYLEACEAE 1 12.90 8 Po (1J) Grewia spp. PROTEACEAE 5 64.52 9 Ploalung Croton spp. EUPHOBIACEAE 1 12.90 10 Jik (;n) Barrjngwnia cocciea Kostel BARRINGTONIACEAE 2 25.81 11 Nhad ('U1UN) Anapha;is adnata DC. COMPOSITEA 4 51.61 12 Lumpang Iti1t1.2) Pterospemmum diversirfolum St. STERCULIACEAE 2 25.81 13 OTHILagers.i Lagerstroemia spp. LYTHRACEAE i i2.90 14 Lumpang alThUi1 Paranephelium longifololatum Lac. SAPINDACEAE 2 25.81 15 OTH 22 283.87 16 San ii11n) Dallinia obovata JBLLhoogi. DILLENIACEAE 1 12.90 17 Khoplong ( flfl-si) Lithocarpus spp. FAGACEAE 6 77.42 18 Yang (uV41 Dipterocarpus spp. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 3 38.71 19 Yangna (514141 Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 1 12.90 20 KhlongKhleng (LIMS4144) Melastoma polyanthum Bl MELASTOMATACEAE 8 103.23 21 Luupleep (flJflJ1 Ulmus bancifoha Roxb ULMACEAE 1 12.90 22 Thalo (an:) Schima wallichii Kurth . THEACEAE 4 51.61 23 Dyospyros Dyospyros sp. EBENACEAE 1 12.90 24 Chied AtJti) Cmnnamomum ners B LAURACEAE 1 12.90 25 Khiangguang ILi4fnl14) Wendiand,a tinctoria RUBIACEAE 1 12.90 26 Malad WuIri0) Diliennia indica Linn DILLENIACEAE 1 12.90 27 Maduepiong (l4:LneJfle4l Ficus hispica Linni. MORCEAE 7 90.32 28 Langsacpa (fI361a1.-i) Aglaa pinreria Hance MELIACEAE 2 25.81 29 Mamue 74'-.r) Choerospond,as axiilaris Eurn & Hill ANACARDIACEAE 3 38.71 30 Paknamcrnang Iu t4 Pseudobrassaloois poJyaca t5a Bennergee ARALIACEAE 1 12.90 ENv0ooLs713orrAec.3.DOC PAGE C-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-3 (Cont'd) No. Local name Scientific name FAMILY Tree no. Average/ha 31 Kolan lIM6ufuI Xerospermum jnremedium Radlk. SAPINDACEAE 5 654 52 32 Sae MlT) MilletIa leucantha Kurtz PAPILIONACEAE 1 1290 33 Haen (LLuu) Terminalia glaucdolia Craib COMBRETACEAE 1 12 90 34 Tabake plWfln) Lagerstroemia cuspidara Wall. LYTHRACEAE 3 38.71 35 Polai (JflflJu) Grewia elatostemoides Coll.et Hemsl. PROTEACEAE 6 77 42 36 Abizzia Abazea spp. MIMOSACEAE 8 103 23 37 Nieng fltE14,111LMCI) Archidendron jannga Nielsen MIMOSACEAE 4 51.61 38 Kedklue (LAAgtr l Dalbergia sp. PAPILIONACEAE 5 64.52 39 Mhamuichang l�41j1JtV4) Dysoxylum urens koord. & Val. MEUACEAE 2 25.81 40 Polyothia Pofalthia sp. ANNONACEAE 4 51.61 41 Nguew 01) Bombax anceps Pierre BOMBACACEAE 1 12.90 42 Kalao ltLiL-) Milhettra leucantha Kurz LEGUMINOCEAE 2 25.81 43 Tongbad WtMllf. ) Actmiodaphne honryi Gamble * LAURACEAE 1 12.90 44 Kook Itfn) Lannea coroffandelica Benth. VERBENACEAE 1 12.90 45 Lak ltn) Mabanorrhoea gLabra R.Br. ANACARDIACEAE 1 12.90 46 Hwa luiAIWUmi.) Eugenia spp. MYRTACEAE 5 64.52 47 Lumyai (illht) Dimnrpus longan Lout. SAPINDACEAE 1 12.90 48 Tamlea (-11tUl) Hoya ovalitolia W. & A. ASCLEPIADACEAE 1 12.90 49 Pokheanthao fiJLVuwnIwN Grewia elarostemoides Coll.et Hemsi. TROTEACEAE 1 12.90 50 So 41)l Gmelina arborea Roxb. VERBENACEAE 1 12.90 51 Pofai nJ8e1tj) Enrobena candolei Wall. STERCULIACEAE 2 25.81 52 Pheka itnfl) Oroxylum indicum Vent. BIGNONIACEAE 2 25.81 53 Makho IlN--t Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken SAPINDACEAE 1 12.90 Total 153 1,974.19 Average/ha .1,974.19 ENV100Q97130TrA8c-3.D0c PAGE C-10 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-4 SEEDLiNG uENSi T OF 31 SAIVPLiNC PLOT No. Local name Scientific name FAMILY Tree No Average/na. 1 Mamoungpa (1-1J'N) Mangifera caloneura Kurz ANACARDtACEAE 2 161290 2 Tak,en !L--1JUU Hopea spp. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 1 80 645 3 Po (hiS) Grewia spp. STERCULIACEAE 6 483 871 4 Lumpang hs1il1h Pterosperrnum dversifoium fi STERClIJ.IAlEAE 2 161 290 5 Nad (1AU1t) Ariaphatis adnata DC COMPOSITEA 1 80 645 6 San (414( Dalilnia coovara (Bl) Hoogl DILLENIACEAE 5 403.226 7 Saao (Ifl"l) . Lagerstroem,a tomentosa Presl LYTHRACEAE 1 80 645 8 OTH . 18 1451.613 9 J,k (fln Barnngtonia cocc,nea Kosiel BARRINGTANIACEAE 3 241.935 10 Pega Iltnhl Oroxyum indicurW Vent BIGNONIACEAE 1 80.645 11 Kho (fil) Lithocarpus spp. FAGACEAE 14 1129.032 12 Yang 0u-I1 Dipterocarpus spp. DIPTEROCARPACEAE 2 161.290 13 Kangkhimod (fl17ciPt Albizia odoratssisma benlh. MOMOSACEAE 11 8?.09? 14 Krapechan (n-nwt'i Dalbergia cana Grah. PAPILIONACEAE 3 241.935 15 Payong lYmzq41 Dalbergra cochinchinensis Bi. PAPILIONACEAE 1 80.645 16 Lookteab (ftnfi) Ulmus lancdoha Rqxb. ULMACEAE 1 80645 17 Thalo (M12tf) Schima wallhchii Kurth THEACEAE 1 80645 18 Phobay (IEnJnti) Sap'um baccatum Roxb EUPHORBIACEAE 1 80.645 19 Madoueplong h24=Lt1jhae4 Ficus hispida Lnn.f MORCEAE 5 403.226 20 Kheangguang (MuiAnr1ah Wendandia rmnctorna RUBIACEAE 2 161.290 21 Ked (wrt) Dalbergia spp PAPILIONACEAE 2 161.290 22 Khempa l&iJ1jlln1j.-1Jl Pavetta wahichrana Stend. RUBIACEAE 11 837.097 23 Lo (Te5JTr) Macarranoa tanarrus (L.) Muell Agr EUPHORBiACEAE 2 161 290 24 Husakhun (uleU) Mcromelum m,nuum Wighi & Am RUTACEAE 1 80.645 25 Sae wunzh Millett;a leucantna Kurz LEGUMINOCEAE 4 322.581 26 Kananplbng (nfrLzX11ojtN) Perospermum acerifolium Craib SrERCULIACEAE 1 80,645 27 Maklumlon 8hnRfl9rriu) Adenarnera pavor.,ca Linn MIMOSACEAE 1 80.645 28 Polai (hIIDlWlI) Grewia elatosremo,des Coll et Hems PROTEACEAE 3 241.935 29 Lai (fl fI PROTEACEAE 6 483 871 30 Kedkhlue IAFlt teg.3 lo 3;eae Wa: PAPILIONACEAE 2 161 290 ENVIOO4I971301TASC.4.DOC PAGE C-11 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-4 (Cont'd) No. Local name Scientific name FAMILY Tree No. Average/ha. 31 Grewia Grewia spp. PROTEACEAE 1 80 645 32 Paknamchang Cl,nMU11Ui1. Peudobrassa,opsis pooacantta Bennergee ARALIACEAE 3 241.935 33 Khaling Nii4) Alpinia conchigera Grriff. ZINGIBERACEAE 1 80.645 34 Taolang l441*4) Caryota urens Lnn. PALMEAE 2 161 290 35 Khajo (T--An-) Millettia leucantha Kurt PALMEAE 6 483.871 36 Khae IUP) Stereospemmum spp. BIGNONIACEAE 1 80.645 37 Teenped fiiuJfl) Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. APOCYNACEAE 1 80.645 38 Khangcaw (r14Pt') Aglaia pinfera Hance MELIACEAE 1 80.645. 39 Potoobfai (dOet11UI) Erbolaena candodei Wall. STERCULIACEAE 6 483.871 40 Polyothia Potyathia sp. ANNONACEAE 1 80.645 41 KhadKhoa l(MLA1) Randia parvular Ridl. RUBIACEAE 2 161.290 Total 139 11,209.68 Average/Ha. 11,209.68 ENV1004,V713DfrAaC4.D0C PAGE C-12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-5 TREE VOLUME CLASSIFIED FROM TIMBER QUALITY (31 SAMPLING PLOTS) Plot TIMBER QUALITY TOTAL Average No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 3 (Cu. m) (Cu.m/ha.) 1 0.000 0.000 2.074 0.041 0.340 2.455 0.792 2 5.205 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.053 5.258 1.696 3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.524 0.524 0.169 4 0.284 1.980 1.568 0.000 0.000 3.832 1.236 5 3.796 1.915 0.879 0.569 0.253 7.412 2.391 6 0.000 0.284 1.743 0.452 0.812 3.291 1.062 7 0.000 0.000 1.087 0.216 0.325 1.628 0.525 8 0.000 0.000 0.244 0.186 0.527 0.957 0.309 9 0.000 0.000 2.092 0.156 0.412 2.660 0.858 10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.012 0.290 0.302 0.097 11 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.264 0.286 0.092 12 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.052 0.052 0.017 13 0.478 0.000 0.535 0.000 0.145 1.158 0.374 14 4.781 1.225 3.600 0.056 0.000 9.662 3.117 15 4.162 2.316 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.478 2.090 16 3.782 1.777 3.221 0.052 0.156 8.988 2.899 17 0.861 3.117 0.335 0.000 0.000 4.313 1.391 18 5.487 4.214 0.000 0.052 0.502 10.255 3.308 19 1.035 1.757 0.000 0.000 0.056 2.848 0.919 20 3.817 1 649 0.434 0.598 0.171 6.669 . 2.151 ENV 1004/97 30/TABC-$.DOC PAGE C-13 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C TABLE C-5 (Cont'd) Plot TIMBER QUALTY TOTAA L A No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 3 (Cu. m) (Cu.m/ha) 21 23.963 1.129 0.720 0.599 0.032 26.443 8.530 22 8.133 1.131 0.000 0.000 0.064 9.328 3.009 23 26.360 0.244 0.000 0.364 0.659 27.627 8.912 24 0.747 1.356 1.410 0.052 0.052 3.617 1.167 25 5.051 0.728 0.000 0.407 0.044 6.230 2.010 26 4.524 0.284 0.000 0.032 0.208 5.048 1.628 27 5.205 18.686 0.000 0.642 0.000 24.533 7.914 28 2.127 3.156 0.000 0.056 0.000 5.339 1.722 29 3.076 0.596 0.000 0.041 0.000 3.713 1.198 30 0.000 8.300 0.000 0.239 0.093 8.632 2.785 31 21.891 21.888 0.000 0.000 0.000 43.779 14.122 TOTAL 135.865 78.932 21.242 6.844 9.034 251.917 81.264 AVERAGE 43.827 25.462 6.852 2.208 2.914 81 .263 Remark 1) Timber Quality No.1.1 and 1.2 defined as 1st class. 2) Timber Quality No.2 defined as 2nd class. 3) Timber Quality No.1.3 and 3 defined as 3rd class. ENV10047130/TABC-S.DC PAGE C-14 TABLE C-6 m BAMBOO DENSITY OF 31 SAMPLING PLOT > z z No. Local name Scientific name No. of No./Clumb Total of Average/Ha. Diameter C lumb No. Clumb No. (cm) m mz 1 Phai-saang (hUla.) Dendrocalamus strictus Nees 1 5 5 0.32 1.61 3 z 2 Phai-paa (ula1) Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Wild 7 12 84 2.26 27.10 7 3 Phai-hok (thThn) Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees 11 15 165 3 55 53.23 8 4 Phai-rai (IUlCl Giantochloa albociliata Munro 14 9 126 4.52 40.65 2 5 Phai-phaak (lkJnl) Giantochloa hasskarliana Back. ex K.Heyne 81 13 1053 26.13 339.68 8 6 Phai-hiae (UtFJtl) Cephalosthacyum verigatum Kurz 7 12 84 2.26 27.10 3 7 Phai-bong (UW) Bambusa natans Wall. 8 9 72 2.58 23.23 11 Total 129 12 1589 41.61 512.58 Average/Ha. 41.61290323 12 512.5806452 . _ - > zD m x �~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z C) > M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- U,Z APPENDIX D T T"E %~ ~ Ill ~%I11 *~3 IA?.1 Irl t1.I% THE REULI-b Ut- WVILDLIFE1 II'VEPIN J1T EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FNLRPR APPENDIX D C. - Lu -3 0 Z .2 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 0 a~~~~~~~~~~~ C-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~PG - ENloo 73--A0-.0 TABLE D-i ICont'd) > 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ __ 12) 13) 141 - (Sl 0 N.. F-mily/Cmm- N.sm Scifnific N..o Disl6b.tio. Abund.c. WARPA SMDUS Pr*eenl Slat.$ Imp.;t A.ss.o.-of Z TSh T Kh S: St V c U R R P NP I T E 0_ Fvanay E8aballo.ad. a 1_ 9lkCbba.dsd lanb bal TlpN.a, a.aljaaaaoon x C 11 Lmog-wagad Scwb bat Tophataa Ianfnwou a x > 14 Thobald' bat raphozo tha blc a la x > Fan.ly C,asowyctoWit ' _ ________ . _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _ _- IS Hognasad bat Caaawyclis baIhryxopu x rm m Faly Mogadala.d_ __a1 is Losswl his v mys bXI M.Padef,,le WsxaI D I xxxx 17 Gaalal, fal. pma ba MOSdanri *T x I a I a * a * Faay RAholphd.. l Csaalt ho. sho baabit Rhindoohuaa co*6p*hAPx a (it x x _ 19 Paws's hamosho. bet Rhinwaph.s p.aaoni x 1 _ x x a 20 Blyth's haseshabt l Rhiaolophaaadaa a x I _ x x _ a 21 Mably n hwmatshOb bxl Ahkr~.s pI,,mnxyfna a 1 _ay x a a a X 22 Hwrssho.bal bitaal phu DO. a (a1 a _ a a 23 Thaws's hNwsshme bal Rhwaklahus thaaaa a X . a a a . . Fxnaly HlltsWa,Kdx 2d B.calaa,d 1.dfasad bal HWaaida ka oiSla, a x a x - a a 25 Sha..d-lacd alaeaaad bat H Vparea /o a a a x _ _ 26 H n,,,alaa .alalat bat HAPpo,daoa m.n a a lal a a a a - Ramar 111 Dlambura 121 Aba,dace 131 WARPA Slat. 141 Pasm Smal, 15N ln,Payl Amsanl Th a Thong Yt Nwaasava V a Vary canvon R * Rtarvaadsp-c I . Indalalnala acat 0 . AMlala W'dd-I SanctlY C . Coan P . PrOvl*d-aloa' I *.-I T l a a a a A I-Ja Kh .Xhwos.a Naonal Pok U a Uncomon NP . Novolcaed specas f . Endaryr-d spac. D-a . I .. ,> 2 So SXIYok NaonWl P Ak R R.r* - r >5 St S&* .'l Z Mn m SX f hud on ala 5 x � DC) l.aS.ta.d to hld on aa 0 t IJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D I Z .1E~~~~~~~~~~~~ E@ foOX97tn0trA50t.00C ........... ~PAGE D-3 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D rii ID -I -, IIT 11 1 T11 f 11TF1i1 1 ENV1004/97130IrABD*l.OC PAGE D-4 TABLE D-1 Cni'd) m Mar,rar, tD 0 No F-ailylComn- Nea. SO,otlic N.a.e Dittib.tion Ab..d-ne WARPA St.to. P--tea Stat.a ,,paet As--ssamse z Th Kh S. Si V c U R R P NP I T E > 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E7 Small Aslo marooa. H,e,Ptart j-oDOiCu- x _ _ _ t_ rF-ly Feoal _s- sR Golden ctm C jtopuo lteo-rkIa - x _ X _ tj) 93 Jungls oal fell cho a/ _ _ _ tT t] L,eoPid cml nrraar 'urna bangalanua a a a a a x - - - . m 62 Cluodd l1opald Nteo)el., ,ebulos a = a a = = _ 63 LeoPard Pan-tr. Paa fhr5 p-Wrdue a a a t r 0 grF Paot'rara 1,us a a _ _ _ _ _ - t 65 Marblr oal P.dot.hltarto.t N _ a a rtor,ty Elaph-trotSae 66 AS-t elephanl E.phtas -..e-uS a a a a * a a a I 001,1 lopo.ltaa __ 67 Malaron apta TopoNa mnad a a a x a _ _ Fordly RrlOCoOaaada __ _ 68 Lasle' an. harned (tanactas RalaccarenP aoodacua a_ - _ a a 69 gaSn LOa-hO-nd ft-unoetel Orrlormnus surareosa x _ a_a a Remark 1l1 Dslrbulan 121 Abundancs 03 WARPA Status Wm Prsaant Star0, 5I Italot Asal.,e-- th . Throa Y., )susn V . Vety commao R A Ase-al sp-e,s I ldert'mrar ara- 0 . Adftctiat VIdlile Sanc-ty C . Common p . PrtaOctod sp , Is T Th-earso spa aa . Ad-eo.t -o.a Kh Kh.s aIm Na.tanel Prk U: Uncommon NP . Nonre otted speS 6E Endrr-gud art as . 0.a1aan.sn-s Sa . Sn Yok Naronal Por t = RB,. St . S'dyo ale X f. OuOd o 1tl t C) Si *aIXI. p$U-d To tnd oa, s.t Z D m Z �n 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- m � TABILE D-1 7Conitd) B ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~0 -n 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 2 |3 -4 (51.1. tD, No. Family/Common N.m. ScientiliC Nam- Dsutribution Abu,darrc. WARPA Statue Ptaaarrt Status Inipac A ....nra-- t Ob_ Th Kit<h S. S V C U | T t P NP I I T | 0 ___________�_- = Fami : S;wov:_ _ _ __ _ _ __ 7 7����___ > 77 La., hA., _ = - = -= = = =) _m _F.IY Conads. _ 72 Sab daar C/.mUAJ a a a a a a = = a ._ 73 Hog da.t 4" pro,ru- a = a = a a _ 74 tUtks dwu Muotnos -untat a t . taD 76 Fesat Iy wo Munt,a(cv ' a - _ a a - _ Fa-rrly Bdor.. 76 G- Bow pcuns a a a 77 Bantang Boa jorrcua a a _ 78 Sarthan soaiw NfntvorAds Sunraanr,sa a a a a _ _ a a _ _ Faa,,y Scrndaa, 79 Bmsgtqrl Rtt t. nc squorol a=W a _ aa BO Pa.l/ca aStoria Caflacoit, uosJ"o It a a a a a _ Vwi..abl t 1Wcosor G t a To o s _ = = _ = *= e2 O quy-ba 1d sputa) Caa,a3 .u -ip. a a a a aa 93 H-nal.yo avpad iqauts) Tarac aw"0h,a1 a a a a a . a , t,dochnisa tound sqwuol Manart b8wdrrt a a a _ a a = = Rat-ar 111 D>O butrion tZI Abwdanc 1 WARPA Stams 141 Prsnt ilam IS) I,mCl AAassasmn Th Th. qg Vs Nsriaua V . Vary com-n R . Ralaad aitas I . tndita scacas 0 . AdnCtw.a WI)*le Sioctury C . C c P . Ftatscadspacia T . Thbia,nn7 oacat* . Ay,aar,gt,-., Kh . Khoa La Ntinal Patk U . Uncomon NP N tdonotsctd spqcas ES E.oangn. D spac-at.% a. > Z t S. . S. Yak Natons Put R . RA 1> C) St Stldy ta ot X a (otnd n. at 2s cn 041 . cattd to tinidont ata < TABLE D01 (Contdl m o MCOmmflK 0O 0 Ill ~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(2) 13) lii (si No iy,'Como n N- m, So-tdilc N-n, DifttiboIi-o: Abund nc. WARPA, Sltatus P.... st.os smpaI I A ...,.n. > O Tb Kh S. St V C U R RTP NP I T E 0 > F -d.' P0,-r,V.daK 35 n'd g-Ao tI,,g vIt-Se, Pel*vSl PtISoOI _ _ t K = _ K- 86 Pao,Iolou.,d 11Y,n K,U,g O Hyi6P0.Is 11bo,e, _ _ _ _ _ r 87 i'9.yK Slo f1 59 wq,-OI HyfOp.l.S ph.yl. K K _ K = - K = = = = = _ En _ F Km IvMurOOK_ _ _ S8 MMo.S 8K1 Sp M _ _ m a9 Ro,I,s 6*falSlf Rnu Knu K K . S K - m .9 _ __ __ 90 Aml RKruSKP I 101 S _ _ _ . _ 91 N,ll s lot topld-,mp -11OK tK 97 Cello.. talab II AISoO!ys surite, K K K _ K K . m 93 H-oal b -mbooaI Rflh,M,yS prmo-SS _ _ K K 94 L.19 bambool.? RhO6ohy1 Suttr8n-,a S _ X 95 LISS., b6mbKtat Co.nnomysb d-u. I K K K K K K . _ KmIv Hystrwcd_ 98 Common-pobuooo Hya,lxv b.chp.a K_ K K 97 A-,I, tOUIK,hId POKoKK AKOh-oros Sflus K S _ _ S-Vly LKop,,d_ 98 ou-m,K h-lK L.pu. PqufloKS __ K K __ K IoIKI 86 80 59 83 ( 39 *0 18 8 71 21 59 23 �8 38 I S9 _ .oo.og. 1%0) 89 39 5102 5918 8 69 1 02 39 8 *40 3t 8 37 (12 72 45 21 43 S02 23 87 I 33 3978 IS 892 Ramobk II) D0s0t,WI 121 b3undano. 1 WARPA Staum A41 P, ..nt StatoN 5I ImpKot A .... -, Th l Thung Y. N-FKS-n V .Vay co-mmRo R RNo.o-d iDeveKs I a Indolm,nt-- SC-,KO 0 . AdW.ItU 9619d1e SKOOlury C Commoo P K AloKetol KCjPKK 7 * 7rra1nK d O eP'O K N AdKK.rK3KY.. h :Khoo La,m N10 P.rk U n U,,C-ooo NP . Non-oPIM-IP.d -00,55 E . E^,JSop-d 5051 - So = Sa Yok NK,Ponal k A Ra K St s Study AKI C) 8KX 1-sd MIS K' M [XI plKKOfld tlo fnd pn 01K 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TABLE D-2 M z DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND WARPA STATUS AND PRESENT STATUS OF THE BIRDS SPECIES ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE O ill (2) 13) 44 > Y No Fan ilylcoacnon Na. Snlili Na,. DirlitNlion Ab-nda.-. WAPPA Si..u P...... Saaina Iu'p ant A.,al> _ PTh K S. St V c U R R P NP I T t 0 _ Lalg..),. Tbb.ntap,Oa a ---- F _ .not PaOaan-n3a4 C) 3 Ci-du.o pdk-. Pn.,A p)l{,'a' a . . a . - . . .a- Pe---�-- -g 3 O..w ft- o'J.V. 2~~~~~~~~~- I Cn.M.,. ijlab a aa- - 7 CNn.,. P.A#d.an A. b.nO. a a a a __ Slack had, n . _ _ a Y_S G.CI b- . . .bw . . X _ 3 r kaaaa alact EwAWnpatuno a*aa * * _ - = = = =a = ' = _ F-, ,W C-,,, d C...,, anr _ _ a a a a = a a W.-V __ cb ! == = g = = ' [(a.,,itISalcn 0) A.dNndao 01 ((AntAj SitiO Ni Poaa .) --pac A.-aa.-I Th aThon Y.a N.sat V a hy R,a,n, a (naL an raaaarca aa 0 aA1..aa,a Widal S-n,na C aC-aaaa P * aaNoad aa.I*ThaaN.-d Adacala aj a_ e ula bann L.anaa raa U a _jnnan =da =onnana acaa = = _nagna = - =. = Iha . = _ K KN. L- N.-M Pk U ,- NP _~4m __E-- 3 a *U d spak-O-.MP SPip. @sa .R__ >_ _ S, a S_ . _ _ _ _ C) W Z rn u _ __ m 0 d 5 . -4an)aadanbd > 9 . SnSef coc m w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0- TABLE O 2 WCowt'dl m 0 ? N I a lvC s hnXe Se fs N gs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O.-J",,*S AWW-- S C WAIIPA Sl.l,_ r . . ..... |...n... As I rb Kbh S Sl V _ _ U R H P NP 1 E o _ > n -h1akhlwe e Oe -- = =_======-= = > 19 I tssetI+sheagle 'chitrag h>bb1.s w . x x x Z >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NP I 7 E lb pdbI,..4,.,..adoe C-W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~-- _, .- d =-=d __ _ _ _ _ =,1 2 ? Co.nmon b.ll4.d R.-eo t"*eo s _ = _ = = _ = _ _ = = - = =-m 28G C booebehe l PEIl'K D ,12 C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- W-0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ ~~~ 35~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 -5 D.4. - A8110- 95 WARPA 5_ _ _ _ _ TI, , 1, p,5.f.dbE .......... _ - -- R 0 2, Co.''on bancd z r deu, _IO _ _ 20 4.o} 9ubEllId 5515 *ol,e..wS 5047*A,. S _ _ _ . 33 3laSXte 5.44 dO p.;,. SPflefdl.,PlE,4, S bl _ _ . 20w X1 Changebul bt_e ba., WRASPI 3I)4*ebl SpMSt Ljs 1. 4 .7r IVI lll 5ncl9 C .s omm P ,ol llsns I r4,,Ih re S 1 W . .S PS * . 1. Z S . 12 Claoed elne, SCfllP,'flCg,~4e4c0j SU N- * > Wh v lhro~~~~3 tEm awoaS Prl U55cro h gCoer* rc-E .0,1 %bOf�,,., n*"0499 S. .,, . C) S . S.u,zk ,.-' P.b 9 R. | I * fted o^ ts1* .... X �~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ VIS 11.1-` p . I'm d S -. t EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT , FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D -2 O __ LLL___ _I__ ...e. i�-~~~t _~~~~~~~ _ ZNX0173- PG D-10 EN4o013/rB-.1- PAGED 1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX 0 . E I 0w a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r * 4 - . . S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 _ ENV1O41971301TABD-2.OC PAGE D-1 1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D C- ,� - - , T F IH ...l I liT I U i IN 1AN g 0*i ll x ENVWI)04I7130WTABD-2.DOC PAGE D-12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D -~~~~~~ c .- --- L __H si, E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ENV10097130rAO-2 DOC - D PAGE D-13 EIA.OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D So 'vrrvr T'-r-r-r-'r -T-T-'1-'1-['1-1-1" rt' * . . ~ ~. . . . . . . C -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ENVl�0-W:3A--I2T-0 - PAEI D.14 c I:f I-dITII- i 1E IIEe ENVIOG44S71J13ABDZ.DOC PAGE D>-14 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D :2 EF _l _ _ _____ _-+ I l 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l - ENv1004Z37130zTAaD2.Doc PAGE D-15 .N10/73/A0-.0 AED1 TABLE D 2 (Cont'd) m 0 III (~~ ~ ~~~ ~~2) 131 (4) (SI >< 444 N P Frn41yron.4on 44..,. 041.n4199 94.49t f t... V6b.1it - Abnd.-nc. WARPA 04.o4 P4to.4 S4w.. tmop. *d A.-.-omnl > i; Tb K, 5. S V c U R S P NP I T _ 0 B -~~(4 9444),o.td 5.444tl^_= =4g5. =,.o4o = - = = - -= = - 442 91.-140414d8 b.4WWI Uoc . . cl c _ _ a - . 145 C6p-ulh Cl54 4*04 h-444 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - r FWn0r P__.� Al- - - - *� 146 Spftl .d b.~l rr a__ 144 G.4y-appd -dodpc. Oooqo 04414 149 PA.. -dwk. C*0o *44F4P4I4 _ "a P@>- _ " I _ m 1i L.t- u- r Pk. IM-to. L. 1.1 . . 4 _ . 0 L 1b2 .nlp V-11 p. P*.. flm..ch4 - = -= 143 tc.d W0pk4 P.. -. 4 _ - n - . 154 Wo4*4d 54u P . . x W . . 155 544M4 d P.. W1u 4 - __ . 4 . 4 . * . 157 P..44 044*464 _ _ . 104 4 4 4 4 i5a O r hc .b ddW P--Pc cn _ = = - 159 C ak hn 94045.45 C44p0 h044 4 4 . 4 . . . ,9 614*4444 444.45, au4y4a4 4,,)4d,,.4 4 - x (4 4 * _ _ - 163 Ib)44444d4444 444444494 444441.4 044 4 - _ 4 K - _ _ R..n.. k4 0II) 4 (7) A-4.1 01 W.R(PA'l ....4 (4) Pb-l S.., IN d A--. Th . S 94,.,ga . Vr A . _l.n d 444-4 I Kd4t.p4o.w 0 =|s * ,.4114b 4)4 )4)4S_.Y4 C .C4n0 P . 1wV4IeIad I 9 * 1r 4 . 4,f4)4494 54, . lho ~44S4,h 4c4 P.w9 U . Umommo4444 46. 4)044-4414-144 44)440 E * Eodogo4 44)4)4 * l S . S. YoSk 4lw Pk R R ., 51 * ShrtY 4 X w -nd r p. * p4 nd 1 b W' ' > Z 91.. V)444)4444444444d414444 > m x Zm 02~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D E I _ t - -1-- E 93X 40 D -P D-17 -5 -z _ _ __ _ -!, $ 0 E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ia.~~~~~~~~~~~~ ENV1004197130/TABO2.OOC PAGE D-17 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT _ ~~~APPENDIX D I. -F W T ... EV00&M10r8-M A ED1 i 0___ ~__31i L~~~~~i A I ENlV10O4*9713Q(TAD2.DOC PAGE D-18 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D Iz 4=-- - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - E O E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -c 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _' + . � 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - o - -- - m . - i F . .1 ENV�0041971301TABD.2.DOC PAGE D-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D a I I i I II 1I -T 4 . ..~~~~~ . ..U . . . . ..*. 4 e .- C, -- -- X- =- X I4 I.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. <~~~~ ENVlo00S7130/T/D-2D0C PAGE D-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D - -. T --- d - -I z Ii 'C�~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' '� 97 rB2C I D121 - @ | | '| ' | | | - | | ' S | ^ | | '| | | | '| - C '1 * 1: * :: ] ]1 ]1]A I~~~~~ I I - 'IIII X- EN106 10FB-.O PAG D-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D * ,. .__TT--_---...-- i o . _, . ___ . _ _ _ " _ _ . . . . . . _ . � | Q | : I :: L 1: r | g : F 1 I | | | 2 | ] ] ---. ; g ENV00"1T2 P D-22 6 3''- |il][1\i\]t|[t\i ]]___te I 11 lkllw l 11 11 .3.< 4w ' 1 1 le}l - .1" I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =tllg f it.t?<.! -r lzlX 'i ENV1OO4/9713OtTABDO2.DOC PAGE D-22 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT fINAL REPORT APPENDIX D I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E . . . . . . .f . . . .. . . .-~~~~TTT -H-1 1 - ,;51~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T - 0. X iI S - - I,0 E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . -G E 4r _ 0 _ t _ b _ _ i_0 _ : _ _ _ } s ffi ! } 1- iF �' 't. | .. i PAGE D-23 ENvtoo4i9? 13ofTA8D-2.DOC TABLE 0-2 (Contdf m 0 8 Tt it 124 13) 44 tti > a .No F.miyIComon- N. Sd-ok d N... H-O4r,b44)on Ab.nd.nc-. WARPA Sat.. P,...n SI4.I. Im.d A..P mn > -------- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0z Th K., S. St V c U R A P NP I I _ > 8 . o C . ; - = -f r- - " l.Z n __ V.d4444 lNold. E.-V. a4*. 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________________=_________= -=_=_= -=_- =_=___=-_ 204 !N444.4d Cio,, --C 302 16- 4 11C4..4 4- - 4 C 4 _ _ _ _ _ 0 5. Pl b404 do4. ,s - _ . . . I _ . . I _. __G i0m 444 b 4 t-d. C .. 4 . . . . . Tt 30 _ ._ .t. _______ _ _ _ __ 3 INe Wus* Nim cv" bv- XX 3Di d ll4p44444d4 .44 4 _ _ 4 _ 4 = . __ = . . r 205 k.1'. M 4*4444444 cmis4A4 4440- M 30D Awn P6d III.W. p __k c_t 3i Xa FBnasww opdw- 311_ ls o ut F ,Wto X_ " | _ 3 .,v ___ 4L,. 4_ _ _= 2312 54 a."4 _ 4 P __ - 4 ' . . . 4 . . 4 . _ 3i A__ F -___ _ __- R b,k IU NJsbda)A.. ) WAFPA S.,. M P-t S-lf fl h,, A-- D4 ,. 440 t rai 4444 V.4 & P . . . I . hd Ar V- O . pd 3 -44 4 W""44 Chh 5 - . C . . P . 1 . V.- . . 4 K44 . tlho L- N44* Pk 44 U .NUeP .- v . E . En = d . s. S. Y, N-h Pk* R R.. X W . p nt lo lsd on sr > Z .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . > .M z rzr (a)m3 4 MC 04 C) * 244,44 444 44*444.4 V * My 444444444 A * 4o444444 444444 4 * .444*4444444 4pM.. 0 A44444440 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D - .. . XI .2 . -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ENV100A97130rrA80-2.DOC PAGE D-25 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D �.. ..- . .11 ;t � " I X I1 H ..i 5. 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i: * : 1_S1 1? . 1:11 E a E ENVl004ff7l30fTA8D-2MC PAGE D-26 TABLE D-3 m z _ DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, WARPA STATUS AND PRESENT STATUS OF THE REPTILES SPECIES ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE > i2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-n III 131 141 1II w No f.milyi'CwNmon N.- Scln,11fic N... Dintlb.NIon Ab.nd.n. WARPA Sirlu. Pr-nN StetN. Imp-cN A...m-ntb Ct . Th Kb S. Sl V C U R A P NP I t 0Z lorga W losludad ____ ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ __ _ � � �� � �� � � ���� 2 . b-ogaedt WON ,?fl1 -V.4 N - N NN �����- - - - - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cn G-1 Wt 1 Chg.I_ _ . _ C) I, 8!ont-tddd NoIINhN PNWO1,IN 660 N- N m 6 Con-n S.1th.11I A ar6g.ea uN ,m? tilnyhd x . S~~~~~~ Malsyan h NOIIIsNI Dopes NO06 . N . . . B B,g-odad t.5INN- P)NWNI.-5N -noti,N NN- ~ 9 M=.a b= -= C== =- = = = _ = _ _ 50 ,mac seias.p.hdb _..ON00 *NSCN _ - _ OnlOyG-OoNd 1- 81FCh 12 S-...a gOOnd gNCO PytdoN~tlJ )M.lN N NN 3 C--oo hsIJN gecko NONOISJ ssat N NN- 14 Fl.a IONS gkO Cuo500 - N N 16 ic ToI - 'geck 6.10 960* Nss N _ N _ = = _ -- g_ _Ck k ANsoN- 1 illt D bolOc 121 Abold-rc. (31 WARPA So- 14) P,N S,.,. ) 1,pr A,--nl tic thong Ye NerNsw V . Very c055cn R . NN .S SpODs ) * Ltn h 0 AdNpl.4 WV/dliN SOnctUY C Common P . Pojoosd WO4- - . IFs.Id *C"" . A&e-g-INu. Kh K.h0 LeeNN Nl.lo. PAsk U . U- -ncom NP N polectId iNNNN I1 * c nd NO * OpN * t>'""'J' " -> S. S. Yk Nelsa1 POB A RO > N m) S, .StuiYs M m X . StoNN rd om C().p * d NN toNS Ird lon stoIN EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D I1 I I - L .I. t< S : I j 1 S0: . 1' 3I_ I I -ewI a. 1 - . . 1 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I!- 1 .1 1 1-1 1 1 lFl rCl IWLlsl I 1 1 1 1 1-11 1 1 l 1- S IliglasiIf'li AIx E EzV1004M71WTA811~3-DOC PAGE D-28 ENV10047I3OIA8B3.aDC PAGE D-28 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D 0 E-II I-I E C F T 3T+H9Tt 0 . . P.G D-2 < _ . _... . ____ _ 'G 0 ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, ..I . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ S EN1049101A3 3.DO PAED2 0A TABLE 0-3 (Cont dI t 8 R.ptd .. O III (2) (31 141 1S) 7 No. PamlytCommon N.m. Scb.nfiNe N.m. ti,..r.bu1lon Abu dan.. WARPA St.mw. Pmmant StIlu. lmp.ct An. ...ma > Th MS S. St V C U fl A P NP I T E 0 53 C -o , A[ hnA AA '4 - A _ _ _ A _ 5. C_oo __fl _OK hqA%A,SA . _ , __ __A St C_ .t _k . _ __ __ >k F,nily Ebp_._ _ 55 MAy. wbISOa CAAA A _ . . _ = = 56 ddA- L 8a) e A _ _ J 57 tad kail b A A _ _ A = 58 ,*.1l eodh N. b .x xW _ _ _ __� � � � �����...-_ _ _- __ z 59 KM W.. 0 op A A . * . m F..o,d YcoA.O W R..AhAs W. MAAAA 62 MI. pH Oph. eIw* 1-1** 63 C pht tA u A A I : 1 ._ 64 F% M.A TIAWASUA A A A . Tool 4d 13 36 4 2 4 336 0 46 6b 3 & 75 2033 5625 73* 313 375 5556 72 O *375 56 7 9763 93 = 5 i 234 U 69 R.-mkt (11 Dt>u 2 051 Ab.On 3 W ARPA s45 so.. PIAAAtI k4, AA,,AAM Th . Thg Yi NhA,w n V.VY pmo n R A .CAA pu e n I mAS . 0 AdnA W. W46IA S.A"Y C CAn P . pOdAdd TPAA T * .. Wd pb.A hA- 9t-A ii, . 131-0 NAA 6. PA. U A NP . Il DAOwd NsAAoA E E fA d AWO - * OAA64AAO9A14 S . Yk II1hb Pk R. . . , St * S4W. X . bwd nc. A .1d b1 l pi. mg > Z n -> XmZ o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (A)~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~x w) EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D EI 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - E 0 z- C. - C..- U, E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ 10 .4~~~~~~~~~~~ E 4 ~~~~~~~~~' f, - EN10/910TAD 0C PAED3 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D E I - - I� I i i1ILliI . L 2 i0 ENo0C jTAD-.0C PAE.-3 e . aX o. a |i i 'f n -1 I.,.ll |1!11 -X _' jll l li i ililf 5 EVOu73tA.C PAG D-32- EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D TABLE D-5 SOME SPECIES OF WILDLIFE FOOD PLANT No. FamilyNemacular name Scientific name Consumed part FAMILY: ANACARDIACEAE 1 Mamuang paa a24 Nitl Mangdfera caloneura Kurz Fruns 2 Kuk (In) Lannea coromandebica Merr. FlowersFruits,Leaves 3 Mamue I:f-Uln Choerospondias axillans 9uftt & Hill Fruns FAMILY: ANNONACEAE 4 Polyathia Polyatlhia sp. Fruits 5 Yaang on I!tfl4u) Polyalrhia viridis Craib Fruits FAMILY: APOCYNACEAE 6 Teenoed IuttUflI Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Fiowers FAMILY BARRINGTONIACEAE 7 Chik (;n) Barnngronia coccinea Kostel Flowers,Leaves FAMILY BIGNONIACEAE 8 Khae (lLa Srereosperrmum sp. Flowers 9 Phekaa rlinnh) Oroxylum indicum Vent Flowers FAMILY BOMBACACEAE 10 Ngzu paa 4121I) Bombax anceps Pierre Flowers FAMILY 9URSERACEAE 11 Makoem Wu:Lnul Canarium subularum Guill. Flowers,Leaves FAMILY COMBRETACEAE 12 Haen (u7U) .Tefminalia glaucifolia Craib Fruns' FAMILY: DILLENIACEAE 13 Saan 1(i1u) Dillenia obovara (80.1 Hoogl. Fruits 14 Mataad 1sJ:e11F) Dillenia indica Linn. Fruns FAMILY EBENACEAE 15 Diospyros Diospyros sp. Fruits.Leaves FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE 16 LoKhaao (ift1tlhf Macaranga quadncomis Rad). Leaves 17 Phobaai (tVtiftJI) Sapium baccatum Roxb. Fruns.Leaves FAMILY: FAGACEAE 18 Ko (iti) Lithocarpus sp. Nuts 19 Kophuang Jhwiq4), Lithocarous fenestratus Rehd. Nuts 20 Kophae (rilmYt) Quercus kerrii Craib Nuts ENV1004,97130/TA8o-5.DOC PAGE D-33 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D TABLE D-5 (Cont'd) No. FamilyNernacutar name Scientific name Consumed part FAMILY FLACOURTIACEAE 21 Kraoao yai (n tUlf lurM) Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre Fruits FAMILY GRAMINEAE 22 Phai-paa I]-in) Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Wild. Shoot,Stem.Leaves 23 Phai-bong U114til) Bambusa natans Wall. Shoot,Stem,Leaves 24 Phaihiae Itat),j) Cephalostachyum vigatum Kun Shoot,Stem,Leaves 25 Phai-saang UltiN4) Dendrocalamus strnctus Nees Shoot,Stem,Leaves.Rhtzome 26 Pha-hok (Ul4fn) Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees Shoot,Stem,Leaves 27 Pha.rai (JliC) Gigantochloa albociliata Munro Shoot,Stem,Leaves.Rhizcr;e 28 Phai-pak Jifnn) Gigantochloa hasskariana Back. ex K. Heyne Shoot,Stem.Leaves FAMILY : LYTHRACEAE 29 Lagerstroemia Lagerstroemia sp. Flowers 30 Salao (eLfifi) Lagerstroemia tomentosa Presi Flowers 31 Tabaek (Lr-in) Lagerstroemia cuspidara Wall. Flowers FAMILY : MELIACEAE 32 Langsaad lNa'4itl) Aglaia domestica Pelleg Fruits 33 Khaangkhaao Ji'n14rn) Aglaia pirifera Hance Fruits FAMILY MIMOSACEAE 34 Kaangkheemot (nfl'W1t133 Albizia odoratissima Benth Flowers,Leaves 35 Albizia Albizia sp. Leaves 36 Chaniang ll:L,UtNl Archidendron jiiringa Nielsen Leaves FAMILY MORCEAE 37 Madueapiong W:L= eIJfl4l) Ficus hispida LUnn.t. Fruits 38 Sai (IT)l Ficus annulata Bl. Fruits FAMILY : MYRISTICACEAE 39 Lueat (lLA10 Knema globularia Warb. Fruns FAMILY MYRTACEAE 40 Waa lWi1) Eugenia cumini Druce Fruits,Leaves FAMILY MUSACEAE 41 Kluay paa (nl3ut1')1 Musa acuminata Coia Flowers,Frunts,Leves ENV1004,97130ftABD-S.1OC PAGE D-34 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D TABLE D-5 (Cont'd) No. FamilyNemacular name Scientific name Consumed part FAMILY: PAPILIONACEAE 42 Ketdaeng (hRuA34) Dalbergua dongnaiensis Pierre Leaves 43 Cingcnan 4lfUI Dalbergia oliven Garnble Leaves 44 KraDeeklue In-lMl 1)r Dalbergo foiiacea Wall Leaves 45 Krachoh l-ln- Millentia leucantha Kurz Leaves 46 Peechan ( 9ul Oalbergia cana Grah. Leaves 47 Thongtaangpaa (lt4u1nAf4rliJ Er,rhrina subumbrans IHassk.) Merr. Leaves FAMILY - PROTEACEAE 48 Polaai W88.lrE1JtianUnI) Gre wia eatostemoAdes CoIl. et hemsl Fruits FAMILY: RUTACEAE 49 Hatsakhun n^wU) Micromelum minutum Wight & Am. Frurts FAMILY: SONNERATIACEAE 50 Lamphuupaa Il41qlh) Duabanga grandifda IRoxb. ex DC.) Walp. Flowers FAMILY STERCULIACEAE 51 Lampaang iiltl4l) Prerospeirmum diversifolium 81 Seeds 52 Poeekeng (JI8DLr41 Prerocymbium javanicrm R.Br. Leaves 53 Kanaanpling ln-ui1uJl4) Pterospermum acerifolium Wild, Seeds FAMILY: SAPINDACEAE 54 Lamyaipa Iflt81.hl Paranephelium longdfoliolarum Lac. Fruits 55 Kholaen (iSLflul Xerospermum intermedium Radlk. Fruits 56 Lamyai (i'VLtjl Dimocarpus longan Lour. Fruits 57 Takhro IP1:PIn) Schleichera oleosa ILour.) Oken Fruits FAMILY: SYMPLOCACEAE 58 Mueatdong ILVZI4l Syrrmplocos farmuginea RoxD. Fruns,Leaves FAMILY: SIMAROUBACEAE 59 Mayompaa MZt.13i5fhl Aiianthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston Frurls FAMILY: ULMACEAE 60 Mahaat iUZMIWI) Celtis tetrandra Roxb. Fruis FAMILY: VER8ENACEAE 61 Phaasian I4411JU) Vitex canescens Kurz Fruhs,Leaves ENV1004i97130rABD-5.DOC PAGE D-35 APPENDIX E THE DETAILS OF EACH LAND USE TYPE '40 0001 44.01_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 C .' " z r - X f W r . . ffi w s ' ' ' A mSYMBOL ! ' ~\ * AS1 oO.9ooEw OO vf 2 PROJECT BOUNDARY (l00g' > z / /\ 8< \ \ i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PRCUiECT POUNDARY 120m) .jf > / I t s\ \ \/ --- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GAS PIPf LINE \ Z * CHANOWAT - TIE IMPN;,Y/ Kx'>.Z1\ 2AWX EFTONE(\ \\ s\\si tX ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~ RAILAOAD. r | , K >\ K~- ~- CHALANCGWAI LINE O A00 200 m NSI*_p~~ \,>.-> \ . .r-x ^ - = Vertical Graphc Scale m POND 0 * 2 Km m . s^<> \ . g { At ~~~~~~~~} UANO USE BOUNDARY - N.Stooons t \ > > } _ - _ Horizontal Graphic Scale \K. A ' -- _IsIE K~~~~SF~~~2.-, LEGEND LAND USE U2 - VILLAGE* U3 - INSTITUTIONAL LAND Us * WOUSTRIAL LANO All1 * RAINFED PAODY FIELO jf* A1 2 * IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD ) A2 * FIELD CROPS 615DOOli AA I * MiIEO ORCHARDS 7 AB * SHIPING CULTIVATION AO.O > --*\ A? * PAStURE 1 \I.1 Fli4 * BAMBOO FOREST F2.1 F. I * MIXEO DECIDUOUS FOREST \/ F3 * FOREST PLANTATION Mi2 * SHRUBS s12 . SWAM^P F f2.1 > > ; S Ml LATERITE PIT \ ; ' _ w * NATURAL WATER RESOURCES . _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T TEAM FIGURE E-1 LAND USE MAP ALONG THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE r tE rnZ n 0c -M- r 1600551 4855501 SYMBOL - - PRtOjECT BOUNDARY (IOOTI j- -@mF 1 - - tANPROJECT BOUNDARY r0I) F2 - - GAS PIPE LINE * AMPE A69 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ROAD (9 '~~~~~'......~~~~~A 6.9 RAILROAD 20m .2. .N ./ - -' -.,CAT LNE0 U7.1 *\ VI-UGE - AMPNOE LINE Velilcal Gr SAale F21 ' gNSlITUTIONAL tAND F2. 1 \.POND F2U1SfAl LAND USE BOUNDAAY NorIzontal G aphiC Scale A - . MXGOCA8.9 \ \ F2t1 . N F22I __ _ _ __ _ _ _ I .*=E DCOOU OtS 1-4 - ___ LEGEND LAND USE \t U? * VILLAGE W INSTITUTIONAL LAND F2.1 X' N US INDUSTRIAL LAND' Al A A RANFED PADDY FIELD -''I Al? : RRIGATION PADDY FIELD A? FIELD CROPS A4d M * LAED ORCHARDS AGOa SHIIFING CULTIVATION AT PASTtIJIE FI B EAMBOO FOREST F A F? I MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST------ -I bu,I TID,I F3 FOREST PLANTATION A Ml 2 SIIRUBS Ml I SWAMP MT LArlEflllE Ply IN * ATURAL WATER RESOURCES TEAM > ~ ~ ~ *FIGURE E-1 Cont'd m . I mt ._. rQ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 8 4101e01 A'M50OOt *tK)OOOf *n.emf > c ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 0 >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 . 5ytstBOL LEGENO LANO tJSE z A2 z ' 8 \~~~~~2 C-4 _._(/~ A PROIECT SOUNOARY tl01ml U2 V�tLAGE < r 0100200m ~~~ ' ( +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.Y(N\%2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' : ~~~~~~~Vertical Graphic Scale PROJECl SOUNDYRY t 20m 1 U3 0 1 2 Km m H-orizontal Graphic Scal. SYMBOL. LEGENO LAND USE A2 A..1' P.- lROJECT BOUNDARY (1flOn U2 VILLAGE RT'i \.a.Th. --- PROJECT BOUNDARY 20m i U3 * INSTITUTIONAL LAND - GAS PIPE LINE U5 * INDUSTRIAL LAND F2. 1 ti CHANGWAT Al i . RAINFEO PADDY FIELD * AMPHOE 'A 2 * IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD 5".110 ROAO A2 * FIELD CROPS . Y/ RAILROAD AA I MIXED ORCHARDS F. A2 \' ,' -- - - CIHANGWAT LINE ABS * SHIFING CULTIVATION AMPHOE LINE AT * PASTURE ' - ^ W \, I . RIVER F14 * BAMBOO FOREST A 2- A A2\ 3 POND Fi * MIXEO DECIDUOUS FCIREST F2.1 LAND USE BOUNDARY F3 FOREST PLANTATION M 12 * SHRUBS M2.i * SWAMP N12.2 MT * LATERITE PIT a W NATURAL WATER RESOURCES SW.ng B,w A? C) FIGURE E-1 Cont'd TEAM mr _ .__. _ _ m - .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: *I�~~~~~IWIII dIE~~~~~~~49 OcaE 495.(0EEE00M F - PROJECT BOUNDARY (100OFII AI - - - - PROJECT BOUNDARY 2Si I - GAS PIPE LINE VC ' *ol '-i A2' "~ A2. CHANGWAT *. & >.AMPHOE C \F 1-- ROAD I $WTWVAId $.ro.A0 ______\,_+ _ RAILROAD - - - -- ~~~~CHANGWAT LINE 0 00200 m r M~l.2 A ->s'3 k Ml. 2 C CHANGWAt LINE Venlical Graphic Scale r RIVER ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~POND IISE BUNDAR A ADSS BUDAYHorizontal Graphic Scale M11.2 LEGEND LAND USE UT . VILLAGE U3 . INSTITUTIONAL LAND < 'I ' *99 WWI US * INDUSTRIAL LAND So YesI, Al 1 . RAtNFED PADDY FIELD NO F I Al 7 . IRRIGATION PADDY FIEND \ \ \ A? . FIELD CROPS \ Ad I MIXED ORCHARDS A69 * SHIlFING CULTIVATION A? . PASTURE A 2 Fi4 B BAMBOO FOREST \ / FS2 . MIXED OECIDUOUS FORESI ' F3 * FOREST PLANTAtION Ml? * SHRUBS M2S * SWAMP T.A A7 MT L LATERITE PIT w NATURAL WATER RESOURCES q \A7". \ TEAM FIGURE E-1 Cont'd * m Z m x M. m t~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ I IL I/ . 2IJ a E lI PROJECT EIOUND^RY llEm I N r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5 ~~~~~'t\ \ >~ 00_ _ c_o sosEC EONocoo t 0 eia: rpi c ] - C000C00T L U3 | | '.n1'N s l G 4h ZS sas. | S Phs Rz I || |-I( - 9HELN n LEGEND LAND USE X \ &sX \ t ) L.A2 7N-OP USE: BUNDARY lO - US,~~ \,o<N\ US ~ ~ ~ ~ -. * -NUTRA -AN 'A PIP \.INE Al ~ ~ ~ : \ * *ANE CI4ADDA VerELDa Grahi ScaleS ,~~~~~~~~~~\ A12N\\ S IRIA71NPHOOY0 FI L \2Km\ m\tn A2 2R __PIELO_CROPS___ 00- - lAiIl -4 -- CHANGWAT LINE Fl 4 . E^MeoO fORESI ,/A^ POND L D LA2D USERU85 Ml2 LAND US_BOUNDY 1 2 1 | U* I NDUTRIAL LvANDR REORE\ I42 STe \ e A. . (* RINFED PADDY FIELD A. , , IRRIAION ,ADDY FIELD , I4 e, o. . A4~ I_ IE OCAD . .~ _ AT * PASTURE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~HNGA CN >~~~~~~~~~~~~F TEA * BABOFRS cm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~F FIUR E-1 CoItEd DEIDOU FOES nT m3 . FOREST PLANxATION ! ((1P UI? SHUBILLAGE..f.f, MT * LATEITU ITOA LANDjI AlI FANEPADFIELDI m FIGURE E-1~~~~~~A FEL CROPS A4, MIXE . -~ ~ ~~~~~~~6- HFN UTVTO S . < SCCII SIOrX SISTOOOE F2 I1D. �04 S1 ."^ SYMBOL - PROJECT BOUNDARY (100l ) o Xa - \ 6 \nPROJECT BOUNDARY 120m). 0 100 200 m * tP \{1 F2.1 - - GAS PIPE LINE C: I s�o1ocr0 00 ,\ \\\ ll ij CHANGWAT Vertical Graphic Scale AMPHOE 0 1 2 Km .llII ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ROAD 5 %rrwew ;rer til qk5 : Tr,.ol 21 _ RAILROAD nHorizontal GraphiC Scale / - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RAILROAD__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N \ -g)t -- tkr4rl terCHANGWAT LINE a Wm-i 001 POND \ Al3 v LAND USE BOUNDARY LEGEND LAND USE -, . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~F2.1 1 111 * 0CrIl Kh grtl) U2 * VILLAGE * I I ( II U3 . INSTITUTIONAL LAND . itw U5 * INDUSTRIAL LANO I \ All 1 F.AINFED PADDY FIELD L ' I 565 GOON Al2 * IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD _ ScW mCrK. A2 * FIELD CROPS , A4 I . MIXED ORCHAROS / AS i SHIPING Cut riVA rtON Wol 40dM N4 ASAg r A? PASTURE \A F1O BAMABOO FOnE(ST IND2. F2 I . MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST _O_ ____F21 F3 * FOREST PLANTATION PA? * SHRUJBS M2 I SWAMP MI L LATERITE PIT / W * NATURAL WAFER RESOURCES I I .1 . . , , _ , I , I I I I I I TEAM m FIGURE E-1 Cont'd om . - ~ ~ ~~- m ,n . I , , , I z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ILVI~~OX520.05Sf 625.0000 z~~~~~~~~~~~~5 V.oy.l s, s uat s0oo tStO SYMBOL z PROJECT BOUNDARY 11000n01 C PROJECt BOUNDARY 120W) > .2 Xx ,~ - - CGAS PIPE LINE F2. 1 su\CHANGWAT > \2 %> \ \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AMPHOE tiE _X 0 100 200 m. -0 A 2 RAILROAD Vertical GrpiScl -- C?ANGWAT LINE 0 1 2 Km. , \\ \ - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~AUBHOE LINE \ \ \ , :=- RIVER Horizontal: Graphic Scale . POND 6 @ ^ s ~ \ge' f F2 . I <_A LAND USE BOUNOARY I SsofVIO LEGEND LAND USE No? jorLZ M_ U2 * VILLAGE U3 INSTITUTIONAL LAND 5N. Pl Lw (I U5 * INDUSTRIAL LAND Al I . RAINFED PADDY FIELD \ = N Fb Al 2 * IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD -.. \_ F ,A * P44 L.l(3l A2 * FIELD CROPS At I * MIXED ORCHARDS F2.1 K A5B 2 SHIFING CULTIVATION )' AT . PASTURE M1.2 A4.1 tl1 Pt\ . BiAMBOO FOREST F2 I * MIXEJ OECCIOUOUS FOIlESf \ \ l \ >1 * FOIREST PLANIAliON Ml2 * SHRUtBS - X ' B J\ 4mAR11 M2 1 . SWAMP M7 LATERItE PIT A2\ \,m.N.E121 I Sbu MuNI w . NATURAL WATER RESOURCES ( ' I I ' I I '- '' I 'I''' _ I _ TEAM mz FIGURE E-1 Cont'd z M M S 4 * t.. W*4.. 12) b3o :oocot ~ s3s000E 540.OOOE n_ SYMBOL j c A PROJECT BOUNDARY 11001m -i - - - PROJECT BOUNDARY (20n I \ - - GAS PIPE LINE * AMPHOE F2I ROAO RAILROAD ---- CHANGWAT LINE 01020M - - AMPHOE LINE _ \ ';>> v \ \\ _ - RIVER Vertical Graphic Scale PONO A? LAND USE BOUNDARY ' s., v>\~ H& \ tANOruSE EOUNOARY ltHizotal G aphic Scale LEGEND LAND USE I To 1 0-9 U2 * VILLAGE F.I wk u3 * INSTITUTIONAL LAND <____/_NO1 US INDUSTRIAL LAND Ml.2 AH Al I * RAINFED PADDY FIELD Al 2 * IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD Ml.2 A2 * FIELD CROPS S A I AA ,NWl2 i A< I * MIXED ORCHARDS HAM A -0.� A69 ' SHIFING CULTIVATION ( \ 'S; K M Al . PASTURE F I * . AMSOO FOREST A2 - :A '0XI- F? I . MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST r3 * FOREST PLANTAIION '' / A2 UI I * SHRIJSS J �4\ M7 I * SWAMP 1 s MI . LATERITE PIT I I W N NATURAL WATER RESOURCES A 2 * . .11 11 * . I .,.. -u TEAM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TA > FFIGURE E-1 Cont'd ZM 00 m~~ - _ m .j~ (loot ( Y---- PROJECT BOUNDARY t20m 1 r I 13W0N\ \\ \ @ ) CAGA Ht A? p. tv A @c . * AMO. 0 100 200m. m N P,<, , A2 RAI- ROAD VBrUAa Ghic Scale \9/ > >( > CHANGWAT LINE 0 1 2Km - - . x - - AMPHOE LIEC0_ A 2o, Ve*> ~ k - RIVER Horizontal Graphic Scale \ 9Meo >_ ~~~~~~\% t l ~~ POND B K'OI9'X A C LAND UASE BOLINDARY *e~~~ K'2A -s> . LEGEND LAStA USE L , IOTXlI0 U2 * VILLAGE 3.- U3 * INSTITUTIONAL LAND Wr \ i P U5 INUSTRIAL tAND L USE B Al E * RAINFED PADDY FUELD >I \; \ Al 2 * IRRIGAtION PADDY FIELD A2 * FIELO CROPS " Ad 4 MIXEO ORCHARDS J \\. At9 * SHIFING CULTIVATION t Y |IA2 Ar ' PASrURE Il I F14 B BAMBOO FOREST F7 I * MIXED DECIDUOUS FORESt F3 * FOREST PLANTATION MI? * SHRUBS M2 SWAMP . Mt LATERItE PIT . W NATURAL WAtER RESOURCES *I Si1IlIIIN TEAM >- ,c) FIGURE. E-1 Cont'd - tnm. _ _ _ n ~ - r T T r~~~~~~~~~-T----r-- -- -T---rI '14 1ilA SS$ OOOE S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ gi y.. /k -- ~~* U2,'~ ~~ NiMg R.~~~~~~~.u A~A2 0 100 200 m , -/ \\ SYMEOE| Vertical Grarhc Scae ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ YOL0 1 2 K~m .Z. onal GC |i c Scal\ _ ._ PROJECT BOUNOARY (IO| Horizontal Gruoic Scale / /~$I - ^ re' , \ X * ---- PROJECT EOUNDARY t 20m 1 IB200WI -N ' .A2 \ * \ - GAS PIPE LINE . W s70 rX 0*w 1 >R_ , 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CNANGWAt _ - ~.. ~ a ...9 . 0. _C ROAD LEGEND LAND USE l 'r< NRAILROAD LEGEND________LAND_____USE ___ I -L - -\ A2 CHANGWAT LINE U2 * VILLAGE | r -T-- AMPHOE LINE U3 * INSTITUTIONAL LAND u \ l RIVER US . INOUSTR;AL LAND | 1 ' r - POND Al I * RAINFED PADDY FIELD 2 K' i LAND USE BOUNDARY A12 1 IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD A2 It \ A2* FELD CROPS .I A4 I . MIXEO ORCHAROS Al.I 0 ThNnQ CT,P0B AGB * SHIFING CULTIVATION A2 A7 * PASTURE Mt.2 F14 * BAMBOO FOREST F2 I . MIXED Dl DCIOIJIS FOILSIt sIS DOON F3 * FOREST iLAtTATION B P o'|M ul 2 * S"RuNS > A2 A M21 . SWAMP . Mr LATERITE PIT \ W N NATURAL WATER RESOURCES �\ i S , z . I I ._ I I I I I_ .11 -g ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TEAM C) FIGURE E-1 Cont'd r--- Z r m mr O__ i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $ .wsAX2l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S SOo(ol wo.or 665.Co00E SYMBOLt A2 (+ 5- - -x -v) PROJECt aOUINOARY (Ih0m PROJECT BOUNDARY (On, I A2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--GAS PIPE LINE > 0 AMPNOE LEGEND LAND USE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ AIP-'~~~RAD C AS OA * CIL .tANGWAT LINE o ELO 200 m. r I _ I AMPHOE VNE m FIGURE E \_ c ROVER Vertical Graphic Scale r \ 8\\ \ 4 11 ^t Hln~~~ ~ ~ U3 @ , PGNO O 1 2 Kmm A 2 J\ 0* P"lon to< UNO USE 80uNDARr ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horizontal GraphiC Scalem LEGEND LAND USE s ,9 . I I 0~~ ~~~~2 vILLAE |tl0 Al I RAINFEO PADDY FItLO A2AA t 2 / gU Al 2 IRRiGAIION PAODY FIELD S N-o Al%"D%K-~ - '- A2 FItELD CROPS a NDn 0.0 _ a U tU A4 I .MIAXED ORCHARDS AMHEC,MO I SO sOOONs AGO * SHIFING CULTIVAkIION AftfCOtfN AT * PASTURE Fr . BAMBOO FOREsT. ^~~~~~~~~~~~~F MxI *uXED DECIDUOUS fORIESTINE F3 FtlREST PLANTATION > @ Ft ul 72 SHRUBS L F2 1 * SWVAMP ur t LATERITE PIT w .NArURAL wATER RESOuRcES 7 TE AM tt '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EMl m ~~~~~~~~~~~FIGURE E-1: Cont'd xa z _ - _ - .. _ X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8hb vo oJoI 5/00C01 S/05F U0OE O ______ ~~~~~~~~~~~~-n > z m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U > E ~~~~~~U2,- I5 X X * sU$;bt,lrl \% VJON ?00 0 Amg : F3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C- U2 . Kh;.* Khrw4e Vertical Graphic Scale z A2 o 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 Km F 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horizontal Graphiic Scale 2 0 LEGEND LAND USE S. R. > 4 U2 * VILLAGE U3-INSTITUTIONAL. LAND U5 * INDUSIRIAL LAND SYMBOL M TK1J11N AI t * RAINFED PADDY FIELDO a' N g Al 2 * IRRIGATION PAODY FIELD PROJECT BOUNDARY (m00t A2 * FIELD CROPS - - - - PROJECT BOUNDARY t 20m ) Ml,2 A I * MIXED ORCHARDS - GAS PIPE LINE ASI B SIGIFING CULTIVATION ji CHANGW AT AT * PASTURE AMPHOE F14 BAMBOO FOREST ROAD FJ I * MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST RAILROAD INDEX . *J FOREST PLANTATION - CHANGWAT LIVE M1 2 * SHRUBS --- AMPHOE LINE M2 I SWAMP RIVER M7 * LATERIIE PIl POND P W NATURAL WAIER RESOU(ICES ( 2 LAND USE BOUNDARY I~~~ ~ ~ I ]> . . ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TEAMa cl FIGURE E-1 Cont'd TEA z - _ C .n IseoOCOf ses.ooot I.SSO.OOGf SSS,OOOE 5 cO) SYMBOL ) m. -- PROJECT BOUNDARY lIOO .> - ~ ~ *- PROJECT BOUNDARY I 2Dm) 2p GAS PIPE LINE 2 I 5 SOSO. I) CHANGWAT _ . \ I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ROAD- r RAILROAD . PRATCHAX IRi POWER PLANTI m m \ " > \ @ PONO A4.1 A2 / '7 ~~~~~~~m <_/~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A-A (> 2 L AND USIE BOUNDARY /*D Ml.2 Ml.2 Ml.2 \: . Al.~~~~112 2|A41\ J FI.4 A M.2 MIt _- 0 100 200 m. Vertical Graphic Scale U? VILLAGEL AIA'r - 7,w L $~ 4 F O0 1 2 Km Ul ISUO.A LANtUrD A'A A' US INDLATALAL LANO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horizontal Graphic Scale Al I .rAIFED PADDY FIKLD HANGwAT RATCHAflR ,| oiSia rpi cl All* IRRAON PADDY t IEL9 A. I WXED Or"cwRos /<> QE Al PASIUREL [N.1 r1 PI I . WXED DECroCUS FCOREST fl FOREST PLANTATION; 1. 91. S,IusN 1" W * LATERITE nt 1 * . ^IUR.L mI41R RASOW.CfS TEAM > FIGURE E-1 Cont'd A m - _x APPENDIX F THE RESULTS OF CODVIP A T IN SIT"Y 8' t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ : l l l t g :T=-n: 35l() E - 0 0w u | \ < 4 iX \ t E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \ rDR | ]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l S SYM" A - - -- \ , [ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C sHNYITilE>|, \\\F I i,.,, Ssurt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~> lS _& LEGEND X 9 >. ' \> . /v_,38 \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~20 '*& * HOUSE \ ">> \ _',_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vria Graphic Sc I X z 6w \ , 0 I 2 IK'm Tt _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bu o z m 8 T- -1 - . . * --- . . . . . , . , | ---- * --S | ~ ~~~~~~~~~ - ---- 200 m.~ ~~~ \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eia Graph,ic,)Scale SYMBOL z ;~~t -1 . _._ ~~PROJECT BOUNDARY t200ml / . - - - - PROJECT BOUNDARY t 20m}-_) _ -GAS PIPE LINE . s \ 0 CHANGWAI & . @ ~~~~~A4PHOE\ ROAO \ RLAILROAO\ s CHANGWVAT LINE ? \ > _ _ AUPHOE LINJE 2& = RIVER '\ ^ . s<> ~~~~~PONG < s*\ , * \\ s 0EGEND -- 100 IND \1 .~S ' __ mlC0 O2O 3 e4- HOUSE .{$ t SCHOOL | REST HOUSIE < M ONASTERYt 0 INSTITUTION TEAM > > FIGlURE F-1 : Cont'd v m 0( 0 1 . 71 m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oizna rpl cl M fi DON 40I I I f0 DE >8&OECn .0 ~~~~~t~~~~ / /' -iq z ' . .1 ,, g xt I4 < Ven,cal Graptlic Scale tn T t X g t / t \ \\< :"o |~~~~~~C Horizontal Grophi Scale | SYMBOL ! \.t ;\\> t - -PROJECT EIFOIJNOAPY(209DmI Th Tj .'h;> \ \ - ~GAS PIPE LINE ' \ | .T@ . 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~CHANGWlAT ; \ v , / RO^D _^ < \><? 75ROAD . i ~~~~~~~LEGEND q \* N'.''~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NE SC"OOL~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RE-ST tlOUSE < tOl )I S M JONASTERY P}t' 0 S t O INSIIVTYON 0 2 I {,4' .I . . _ _ - - ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TEAM >n m ~~~~~~.- - - J x� '''' eria rpi cl > FIGURE F-1S CoNnt%N0 1 2Km(d G) So S..z rn..Z.-' ____ M a -0~~~~~~~~~~~~~'' -- --., Ae~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/# a~~~~~ m : ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m 'f -WF N i F I ~~~T I Y. Cml. 400 .tOC �O 100 00 mo \Z -4, > 2K $.5 -.- 0O. - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ eia GrapPIPEStWEle \ z 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2ING Km>s \ v~~~~~N = RIE CX \ PROJCBONDAR \20\. 1 . . LEGENROD . O LNDEX .'*& S' OUSE 'N t . e MCONGASEY LIN AW AMOO LNTIUIONE, m ' I=::5~ RIV ER .ic a >~ ~ ~~~~~(I P ITR - ontdTEA D m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"*\ X\ 0 I MONASTioERYBUDRY101. * AMPHOL ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ TA > > ~~~~~~v rRADN 'N\ FIGLIRE014FRAILoAtd '-K:v--- m z m~~-- HAOA LN 71 Ex x'o>~~~~~~~~~~ON z -', . m 495 ooEt sooroE StS OWE > 4 .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-n I:~~~~~i i. '. -< ....... ---- PROJEC1 EtOUDARY t 20.n 1 \ ~~~~~~~~- I^ P~IPEX~ L *N K.T.. -o; > z .ph. AO., R*VER~~~~~~\ X .I) tw A 0 100 200GM.C PoFtD ~ \\O.-,%"\,\ Vertical Graphic ScaleM 0 1 2 Km M *.t- HOUSE ! fi -qSo INDE Horizontal Graphic Scale SYMBOL "I -- - - PROJECI BOUNDARY l2n i1 - GAS PIPE LINE _RJC BONDR . _0r CHANG WAT 4. TMPHO> ROAD CHANGWAT LINE .I~OIK PFOND LEGEND7 ** HOUSEINE _.66.o. . ..._. _.SCHOOL � REST HOUSE --'U MONASTERY "-2' :: * o INSTITUTION TEAM > > ~~~~FIGURE F-i Cont'd C) u M 7'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*T ice oDoD W.e001 sis.5000i C5 . ( 9 }, D < ? SYMBOL -k I ~ S. PROJECT BOUNDARY llICO., I Z PROJECT BOUNDARY 120z) 1 ' - > t.. 6.4.t GAS PIPE LINE c CHANGWAT C AMPHOSE ROAD \'>X \ \\RAILROAD CHANGWAT LINE 0 100 200 m,- - S AuMPHO LINE 1 NY 000N ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vertical Gragphic Scale _z I +-? OOD RIVE 1: B KK*7 ~~~.iR I \\ KO~~~~ S,..qII2t ~~POND 0 1 2 Km m '~~~~~ x LEGEND ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horizontal Grapi cl 0 . @ HOUSE SCHOOL A REST HOUSE D F l ( , U R E MF-1 : CONASTERY o INSTITUTION ISE6S OOIN VI iIi aN~\ ch." OhoKe m hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.*P~~*~* X4A A' aj Q /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 �1/ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~NE Z)' .: ! 6 - 7'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - m !6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . I _ . > OIOrXXI( SIIWOI ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~520 OOOE C2.) 1: ''4\X__,, t ;: >0 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z L " S>.KY g&x-:z 0 100 200 m Vertical Graphic Scalez \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 I 2Kmm \Y \\\ __ _ _ Horizontal Graphic Scale 2 SYMBOL PrOJECT BOUNOARY (OOn, I INDEX .35 I.ssOODN -- - - PROJECT BOUNDARY I 20\O O F13. | - GAS PIPE LINE . N \ CHANGWAT L , --- AMPHOE t NN . L.$ ROAD ~I N*..J N.1 P*LII - RAILROAD N X, CI-ANGWAT LINE I' (3- --- AMPIPOE [INE RkIVER tR PONC1 LEGEND *.t*. HOUSE l\e 3 I SCHOOL H.. #If*5 j REST HOUSE - \ h\ IIONE b MONASTERY 0112' O INSTITUTION TEAM FIGURE F-1 Cont'd 0 > :n C1) SW lssor8jra B . U4.0*l2l I ZSoE (535.000E i40.DE �5 0~~~~~~~\~y. ) 2 C \ v \ \\ O t 2 K m m c 1 54S U004 O N-g) Hotizontal * Graphic Scale m SYMBOL \\;%@TtS PROJECT BO3NDAPr TR I IC To U D_ - - - - PROJECT BOUNDARY t 20rI 1 a ' O.'. g - GAS PIPE LINE \ W) ,, INDEX CHANGWAT * AMPHOE ROAD RAILROAD CHANGWAT LtNE --- AMPHOE LINE IA N4 =RIVER ?' POND - 1.&40000N LEGEND *.~ HOUSE X, SCHOOLJ \ \ | REST HOUSE MONASTERY O INSTIIUTION .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a _ , , , , , , , , , , B . , I I I * . ' _ TEAM > FIGURE F-i Cont'd MI m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ rn . g!1_ r~ GO _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~x ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I * I I _S I F I~ Z s~ ~ ~ YMO . wo 54 w 1000 *A PIP UN15+s \ S rre>mM I lt0 JoDu o ,*MPNO \I z C) 0 O00 200 m. Veilical Graphic Scale 0 1 2IV K m .(jK>\ ______ 0 HoriOtal Grap'ic Scale a\ PROJECI BOUNDARY . 0On, I - - - - PROJECI BOUNDARY _ .On, . \.'_ - GAS PIPE : INE D. 0.s n. i 30,000N. CHANGWAI * AMPNOS ROAD\ RAILROAO CHANWA- LINE - - AMPIOS LINE RIVER (4M POND LEGENDINE HOUSE SCHOOL A REST HiOUSE It MONASTERY \ o INSTIILIIION TEAM > > ~~~~FIGURE F-i Cont'd r m -n CD I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-J El ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lV. 2 1 -~~ w - r--- -- _01 _2_01m i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ GAS PIPE LINE Vet Cs Graphi Scalse i50 0001 SU 0 - 1 1Km 8/ / 8 s tk | I I | \~ ~ ~~~~~~~~-- ROAD tozna r~pi cl /\ , Je \ . ,\,_ - ^"HELN | i80 '8�N~~~~~~~- - j 1'RAILEROA . / .gV \ t:1 ~~~~~~- . CHe ... LINE & \'.,SI\\ LEN . � RES, H , , . I , , ,_,, , ..R.COUE D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S~En TOEASMER t C I I I I I I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -POJC OUDR 20 I 0 AMPHOE 0 1 2 Km~~~TEA O FIGURE F-i Cont'd~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RA HrzntlGrihc cl m LM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LMJ 2~~~~~~~~~~~~APHELN o _I LEGEND~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. t . ,,rrDr sss.r oof - s60.r sODA WOW > 0 100 200 mm E=ZM ~~~~m Vertical Graphic Scale m m B1AI 1Ifl 0 1 2 Km - ------_ o. p.,n Horiztotal Graphic ScOcW 2 - Th.-n I e _-. PROJECI BOUNDARY 1190,hI . -- - - PROJECT eOUNoARY l 20m I t \* ' - T In.wk - GAS PIPE LINE ZS.>tIlTI (i CMANGWAT \ ss- *X�l( $ . * AtDMPHOE / s \ - ROAD - RAILROA- CHANGWAI LINE A bq014 Al KI'0 --- AAPIOE LINE * RIVER A.MPNOE CHOM tS rloc t _ POND LEGEND LNDE *.I| HOUSE m SCHOOL & REST HOUSE MIIONASTERY O INSTITUTION TEAM > M -~ C) FIGURE F-i Cont'd TEAM Z' -A -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~n. {~~~~~W VA , , , , __ - .E 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r .5z, %04 0'- 100 200 M. <> s i ~~~~~- ,aa ew<ntet84 ~~~~~~~Verlical: Graphic Scale .r - ThOoKE j.of9 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I l__ hll) liO SYMB(I. O >z C. - PROJECT BOUNDARY I 2O0m 1) e *a -- - GAS PIPE LINE ; 4 _ 0ij CHANGWAT 0 _ TFI * AMPHOE *- K.j. I bO 000N R AILROAD CHANGWAT LINE CNn K,oY,i _ - - - AMPHOE LINE . = ~~~~~RIVER ;. ___ POND LEGEND - *4-- HOUSE INDEX . SCHOOL REST HOUSE MONASTERY o INSTITUTION I � ~ ~I p I . II| _ I p TEAM >) FIGURE F-i Cont'd M C) m . _ . _ < S803 eOQE Sfii.0ofE ItSS9.OON SWSOIIE 0 100 200m SYMBOL \ / tct-t wY so aLaFc Vertical Graphic Scale _ PROJECT BOUNDARY lOOI/I - - - - PROJECT BOUNDARY f 20._ Horizontal Graphic Scale 6a CHANGWAT IN,PEX' * . RAMPHOE LEGEND ROAO RAILROAD H*. hOUSE CANGCWAT LINE SCHOOL - - AMPHOE LINE j REST HOUSE i rOQON RIVER MONASTERY PONO 0 INSTiTUTiON I , I , , , I,. .., TEAM >, m e . FIGURE F-i Cont'd Z -n APPENDIX G - LIST OF KEY-INFORMANT FOR IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW - DETAILS OF QUESTIONNAIRES FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-1 LIST OF KEY-INFORMANI FOR iN-DEPTH ;,N, I`RVI5A ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT. OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT Name .oirnOrganrzason 1GssstnctenLOiiclal . 1 Mr THANONG UTHANSAKUL Commercial Provmncal Head Commercial Provncial Ofhce 1.2 Mr BURI THAMMARAK Assistant ot Distrct Oficer lhe Office ot Ihong Pna Pnum District 1.3 Mr. SOMBAT YANGSUNG Public Heatth Ofce Public Health otfice of Thong Pha Phum District 1 4 Col. WITOON DISSAYABUTR Deputy Thai-Mvanma Border Central Head ThaiMyanrna Border Control Office 1.5 Mr. THANAKORN WICHAIKUL Assistant of Thong Pha Phum Reforestation Otfice Thong Pha Phum Retorestation Office 1 6 Mr. JINDA PHOTHONG Member of Province Parliament 17 Mr. SURAPOL MALIHOM Public Health District Offcer Thong Pha PhLm District Public Health Office 1.8 Mr PRATHEUNG YEAMYART Assisant District Officer The Office of Sar Yok District 1.9 Mr. WiSOUT WARASUP Assistant District Officer The Office of Dan Makham Tia Distrct 1 10 Mrs. SAMNAO LOPRAKANSIT Public Health District Officer Public Heafth Office of Dan Makham Tia District 2. Commercial Ban 2.1 Ms WERAWAN KRiSSANALOAM Manager Krung Thai Bank of Thong Pha Phum Branch 2.2 Mrs. NARUMOL KAMONWARAPHITAK Manager Krung Thai Bank of Sai Yok Branch 2.3 Mr. JUMPOL WANCHALAKAMOL Manager Thai Commercial Bank of Dan Makham Te Branch 31 Mr. SOMCHAI PRECHA Assistant Manager Green World Hot Sprnng Hotel Resort and Gotf Club 3.2 Mr PRASIT PHECHOY Phung Wan Resort 3.3 Mr APHIWAT TOKRISSANA Manager Pong Su Da Resort 3.4 Mr. SURACHAI SOTMANEE Manager Surachai Hardware 3.5 Mr. SUNTI SUNTHONG Manager Chonnabot REstaurant 4. LocaLLeader 4.1 Mr. SUNTI AMEKONG Asistant of Subdistrict Chief Pi-Lock Subdistnct 4.2 Mr. SURASAK SUTHI Subdistrict Chief Huai Kaveang Subdistrict 4.3 Mr. WICHIEN THINSAMRAN Subdistrict Chief Lin-Thin Subdistrict 4 4 Mr. SOMSAK SURIYAWONG Village Leader M. 7 Lum Sum Subdistrict ENVl004fi7t30/TAeG-1.DOC PAGE G-1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-1 (Cont'd) Name Posrton COrga':anton RATCHARURI PROVINCE 1 Lccl Otficial 1.1 Mr PRECHA TERASONG Commercial Provincial Head ComrercAal Provincial Offce 1.2 Mt PHEUMSRI SAWATDHIWAT Chont Bung Dstict Othce 1.3 Mrs BOONPROM INTHAPHIRA Public Health Officer Public Healh Office of Chom Bung Dstnct 1.4 Mrs MALI TABTiMTHCjNG Pubic Heatth Otficer Public Heatth Ofthce ot Ratchaburi Province 2 Commercal Bank 2.1 Mr. SAMPOL APHIKULCHATIKIJ Manager Bangkok Bank of Chorn Bung Branch 2.2 Mr. SAWAI SILAPAPHISUN Manager Bangkok Bank of Ratchabur, Branch 3 BumSIess 31 Mr. JUKREE CHINANGKUL General Manager Golden City Hotel 4. LMaL.Leafet 41 Mr. THAWIL SAMTHONGKLUM Village Head M. 2 kam Oun Sub DIstrict ENV10oO4f7l30/TABG-l.D0C PAGE G-2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A Number of Questionnaire Interviewer J Editor FORM A ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FROM YADANA FIELD TO RATCHABURI: SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY Name IHH. Number Village Name Village Number Sub-district District Province 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 Sex 71) Male _2) Female 1.2 Age Yrs. 1.3 Household Status _1) Household Heads _2) Spouse _3) Children, Son/Daughter in law _4) Sibling _5) Other (Specified) 1.4 Education _1) No Schooling _2) Primary _3) Secondary School (M1-M3) _4) High School or E,quivalent 5) Vocational Diploma 6) Bachelor Degree ENV1O04fI7145/QUES-A.DOC PAGE G-3 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A 1.5 Region _1) Buddishism _2) Christianity _3) Islam _4) Other (Specified) 1.6 Originai Domicile _1) Born here _2) Other Village in the Tambon _3) Other Tambon in the District _4) Other District in the Province _5) Other Province in the Region _6) Other the Region 1.7 If Mitigated from other Place the Cause of Migration _1) Seek Job _2) Foilow Parents/Relatives _3) Have spouse Here _4) No Agricultural Land _5) Work Requirement _6) Other (Specified) 1.8 Living Here Since BE. _ _ (In the Case of Continuous Stay). If not Specify Range of Time Living Here 1.9 Amount of Time Living Here year. 1.10 Present Housing Condition. _1) Wood House _2) Wood/Concrete House _3) Concrete Building _....4) Wooden Shophouse _5) Concrete Shophouse _6) Town House _7) Other (Specified) ENV1004,97145/oUES-A.DoC PAGE G-4 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION 2.1 Permanent Household Members _ persons, Male Femalle No Relationship wnth Sex Age Education OccupationL Household Head Pre- In- Highest Main Supplementary School School Attained occupation occupation 2. 3. 4. 5. _6. ______- __ ==__ =__ _=__ ____ 7.1 Notes: Occupation Code 1) Agriculture 2) Gov. OfficiaVState Enterprise 3) Hired Farmiabour 4) Industrial Worker 5) Business (Trade/Industry) 6) private Employee 7) Service (Clothing, barber, etc.) 8) Other (Specified) 2.2 Present Main Occupation (Check Only One) _1) Agricufture (Specified) _2) Hired Farmlabour (Specified) __3) Trading/Private Career (Specified) 4) Industrial Worker _5) General Employee/Hired Labour 6) Gov. Officer/Public Enterprise _7) Other (Specified) ENV1004/97145[0UES-A.DOC PAGE G-5 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A 2.3 Supplementary Occupations _1) Agriculture (Specified) _2) Hired Farmlabour (Specified) _3) Trading/Private Career (Specified) _4) Industrial Worker _5) General Employee/Hired Labour _6) Gov. Officer/Public Enterprise _7) Other (Specified) 2.4 Total Household Income Baht/Month 2.5 Estimate Household Expense Baht/Month (Bahttyear) 2.6 Income Sufficiency for Expense _1) Yes 2) No 2.7 Present Debts Baht, Purpose of Borrow _1) Household Expense _2) Buy Asses 3) Product Investment _4) Children Education _5) Medical Care _6) Other (Specified) ENV1004/971 AstUES-A.DOC PAGE G-6 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A 2.8 Land Holding Status Type of Land Land Holding Land Use Distance from Gas Holding Status Pipeline (m) 1. Residential land 2. Productive land Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 _ _ __ Notes: Land Holding Code 1) Owner 2) Rented Land 3) Free Use of Other's Land 4) Other (Specified) 21 Land Use Code 1) Cropping (Specified) 2) Animal Raising 3) Idle 4) Other (Specified) 2.9 Household Asset _1) House Number_ Unit, value Baht/Unit Total value __= ____ Baht _2) Land Rai, value Baht/Unit Total value Baht 2.10 Transportation 2.10.1 Main Road for Travelling or Earring Produces 2.10.2 Type of Regular Use Road _1 ) Asphaltic _2) Latterite 3) Dirt _4) Other (Specified) ENV1004197145/OUES-A.OaC PAGE G-7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G FORM A 2.10.3 Road Status _1) Use all Year Round _2) Good Only in Dry Season _3) Rough but can be Use all Year 4) Other (Specified) 3. INFORMATION RECEIVING AND ATTITUDE ABOUT THE PROJECT 3.1 Are you received Information about the Natural Gas Pipeline from Myanma - Ratchaburi. _1) No receive _2) Received the First Information _1) Letter from PTT 2) PTT staff 3) Local Government Officer 4) Newspaper _5) Radio _6) Television _7) Community Head 8) Neighbour _9) Other (Specified) 3.2 You Think How Much You Know about the Project _1) Not at all _2) Considerable Understanding _3) Good/Understanding _4) Other (Specified) ENV1004/97 145I1UES.A.DOC PAGE G-8 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A 3.3 During Construction Phase, What Kind of Impact you got Impact on you and Impact on Impact on Neamess Parents Community Area Positive Effect . .. .................. ................. .... .............. ............................. .. .................................. 2..................... ....... ................................ ........................................ ....... ................................... 3..................... ................................... ................................. ................................... Negative Effect 1........... 2........... ~~~~~~~~~~. .................... .............................. .................................... ........... .................... ..... 2~~ ~~~~~~~. .................... .......................... ................................... .. ................................. 3. .................... , ......... .......................... .............................. ................................... 3.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 3.4 During Operating Phase, What kind of Impact you got Impact on you and I Impact on Impact on Other Other Parents Community Nearness Area Positive Effect 1 ...................................................... ....................... .... ................................... 2. ....................................................... ................................... ................................... 3..................... ................................... ................................... ............................. Negative Effect 1..................... ....... ................................... .............................. 2. ....................................................... ................................... ................................... ENV1004N7i4SIQUES-A.OC PAGE G-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A 3.5 How much you Trust the Safety of the Project _1) 100% _2) Very much _3) Considerably _4) Not much _5) Not at ail _86) Other (Specified) 3.6 Attitude and Reaction of the Project _1) Agree Because _2) Worried About _3) Not Agree Because .... 3.7 What is your Opinion of Land Expropriation 1) Agree with Noncondition _2) Agree if Received Appropriate Compensation. _3) Not agree Because 4) Not sure depend on _5) Other (Specified) . 3.8 What is Your Opinion of Land Acquisition _1) Agree with Non Condition 2) Agree if Received Appropriate Compensation _3) Protest Because _4) Not Sure Deepened On _5) Other (Specified) 3.9 Opinion about the Compensation 3.9.1 Have you ever receive information about the compensation of the project. _1) No _2) Yes 3.9.2 in the rase of Compensation !nformation, Are you Satisfartion _1) Not Satisfaction Because _2) Satisfaction Because ENVtOoAN7146/0UES-A .XC PAGE G-10 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM A 3.9.3 How the Appropriate Compensation do you think. 4. OTHER OPINIONS/SUGGESTION ENVIo4lg715 i wUES.A.DOC PAGE G-11 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM B Number of Questionnaire Interviewer _ _/_ Editor FORM B ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT YADANA FIELD TO RATCHABURI: SOCIO ECONOMIC STUDY Interview Name-Surname Age Yrs. Education Occupation _ _ Position Business' Name Business or Work characteristic Location Sub District _ District Province Business Status (Big, Medium, Small) Number of Employee Business Economic Status (Good, Average, Poor) ENV 1O04S7145/COUES8 DOC PAGE G-12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G - FORM B 1. KNOWLEDGE OF PROJECT INFORMATION - - Information Content - Source of Information 2. PROJECT IMPACT - Cost of Land - Land Use - Transportation - Economic Growth - Wnpact on Socio / Culture - Government / Community Development - Awareness Toward Natural Resources - Public - Health - Education - Aesthetic / Tourism - Other (Specified) 3. ATTITUDE OF THE PROJECT 4. OTHER OPINION AND SUGGESTION ENV1004A97145IQUES.SBOC PAGE G-13 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-2 RESPONDENT'S GENERAL INFORMATION Items Directly affected group No. Y Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1 Sex - Male 71 52.21 - Female 65 47.79 2. Age < 20 yfs 2 1 47 - 20 - 30 yrs 28 20.59 - 31 - 40 yrs 42 30.88 - 41 - 50 yrs 24 17.65 . 51 -60 yrs 23 16.91 > 60 yrs 17 12.50 Age average (yrs) 43.15 3 Houshold Status - Leader 75 55.15 - Spouse 35 25.74 - Off springs/in-laws 22 1618 - Brothersisisters 2 1 47 - Parents 2 1.47 4 Education no schooling 15 11.03 - Primary level 95 69.85 - Secondary level 8 5.88 - Vocational 13 9.56 - University/Collage 5 3.68 5. Religion - Buddhism 135 99.26 - Christianrty 1 0.74 6 Housing Condition - One story wooden house 76 55.88 - One story concrete house 48 35.29 - One story half wood, hate concrete house 1 0.74 - Wooden shophouse 6 4 41 - Concrete shophouse 5 3.68 ENv1ss4/97r30TrABG-2.DOC PAGE G-14 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-3 DOMICILE AND MIGRATION Items Directly Affected Group No. % Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1. Origin Domicile - Born here 34 25.00 - Migrated from other village of this subdistrict 9 6.62 - Migrated from other subdistrict of this district 10 7.35 - Migrated from other district of this province 32 23.53 - Migrated from other province of this region 29 21.32 - Minrated from other region 22 16.18 2. Causes of In-migration 102 - To find job 47 46.08 - Follow parents/relatives 20 19.61 - To get married here 14 - 13.73 - No land to work on 16 15.69 - Follow working place 2 1.96 - To work in minimg 1 0.98 - Like the atmosphere here 2 1.96 3. Year of living here - < 5 years 16 11.76 - 5-0 years 27 19.85 - 11 - 20 years 18 13.24 - > 20 years 75 55.15 Average (Years) 23.57 ENV1OO4/9713OTASG.3.00C PAGE G-15 EIA OF VADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-4 HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE Items Directly Affected Group No. T % Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1. Household members - Male 2.10 48.72 - Female 2.21 51.28 Average (person/HH.) 4.31 100.00 2. Age of household member (person/1-1H.) * < 7 years 0.49 11.37 - 7-13 years 0.57 13.23 - 14-20 years 0.63 14.62 - 21-60 years 2.33 54.06 - > 60 years 0.29 6.73 Average (Years) 43.00 3. Household members education Iperson/HH.) - No schooling 0.19 4.41 - Being in school (student) 0.96 22.27 - Not reach school age 0.39 9.05 - Primary level 2.23 51.74 - SecondaryNocational 0.36 8.35 - College/University 0.18 4.18 4. Household members working condition 4.31 - Working (person/HH.) 2.76 64.04 - Not working (person/HH.) 1.55 35.96 * Before school age 0.39 25.16 * Students 0.95 61.29 * Old aged 0.10 6.45 * Crippled 0.01 0.65 * Unemployed 0.05 3.23 * Housewife 0.04 2.58 * Ordinated (in monkhoodl 0.01 0.65 ENV100497130frABG-4.DOC PAGE G-16 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-5 OCCUPATION Items Directly Affected Group No. Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1. Present household main occupation Agriculture 79 58.09 Activities . Tea plantation 5 6.33 * Frui tree (mixed) 17 21.52 . Cashcrops (cotton, maize etc.) 52 65.82 � Silk worm production 5 6.33 Hired farm labour 6 4.41 Activities . Flowers growing 1 16.67 * Planting and Cultivating 2 33.33 * Carrying bamboo shoot 1 16.67 * Weeding 1 16.67 * Garden keeper 1 16.67 Trading/Business 30 22.06 Activities * Grocery 18 60.00 * Foed/Candy shop 7 23.33 * Garment shop 2 6.67 * Charcoal selling 1 3.33 * Cash-crop buying/Selling 2 6.67 - Industrial worker 4 2.94 - Wage labour 6 4.41 - Government official/State enterprise 7 5.15 * Mine worker 3 2.21 * Living,on money sent by off-spring 1 0.74 ENVl004J7130/TABG-.SDOC PAGE G-17 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-5 (Cont'd) Items I Directly Affected Group No. % Number of Respondent 136 100.00 2. Household supplementary occupation No 63 46.32 - Yes 73 53.68 - Agriculture 9 12.33 Activities � Tea plantation 1 11.11 * Cash crop growing 8 88.89 - Farm Labour 31 42.47 Ativities * Flowers growing 2 6.45 . Planting and Cultivating 22 70.97 * Carrying bamboo shoot 2 6.45 * Weeding 5 16.13 - Trading/Business 11 15.07 Activities * Grocery 5 45.45 . Food/Candy shop 2 18.18 . Garment shop 1 9.09 . Chacoal selling 1 9.09 * BooksNDO business 1 9.09 . Cash-Crop buying/selling 1 9.09 - Industrial work 4 5.48 - Wage labour 18 24.66 ENV 10049713OTABG.SD0C PAGE G-18 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-6 INCOME - EXPENDIT'uRE Items Directly Affected Group No. % Number of Respondenm 136 100.00 1. Household income 18aht/HH.. < 3,000 16 11.76 - 3.000 - 6,000 61 44.85 - 6.001 - 9,000 24 17.65 - 9.001 - 12,000 14 10.29 - 12,001 - 15,000 7 5.15 - 15,000 14 10.29 Average (BahtiMonth) 9,176 4. Househc.id epedture &aVHlH.) - <3,000 33 24.26 3,000 - 6,000 49 36.03 * 6,001 - 9,000 21 15.44 9,001 - 12,000 ' 9 6.62 - 12:001 - 15.000 7 5.15 - > 15,000 17 12.50 Average (Baht/Month) 8.960 3. Comparision of inome/expenditere - Sufficient 108 79.41 * Not sufficient 28 20.59 4. Household debts - No 94 69.12 . Yes 42 30.88 Outstanding debts (Baht/HH) 24,352 Loan obSeives - Household expenses 10 23.81 - Buy property 4 9.52 - Produutrve investment 27 64.29 - Educational costs 1 2.38 ENV150A/7130fTA8G-.ODC PAGE G-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-7 HOUSEHOLD PROPERTY Items Directly Affected Group No. % Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1. Housing - Number (unit/HH.) 1.06 - Present cost (Baht/unit) 187,913 - Value (Baht) 199,188 2. Household Land - Number (rai/HH.) 47.81 - Price according to land document (B/rai) - Title need/NS. 3 176,830 - Reserved forest 76,888 - Tax receipts (Po Bo To 5/6) 63,235 - So Po Ko 35,000 - Average land price (BahtVrai) 143,744 - Value (Baht) 6,872,401 ENV1004197 M3OITABG.7.DOC PAGE G-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-8 HOUSEHOLD AND LAND USE Items Directly Affected Group No. % Number of'Respondent 136 100.00 Land holding (rai/HH.) - Maximum 2,005 - Minimum 0.01 - Average 47.81 2. Land holding category Residentia! - Owner with document 94 69.12 - Rent from others 6 4.41 - Allowed to use free of charge 17 12.50 - Mining residential block 6 4.41 - Reserved forest 13 9.56 Farm land - Owner with document 81 59.56 - Rent from others 21 15.44 - Allowed to use free of charge 8 5.88 - Mining residential block 0 0.00 - Reserved forest 26 19.12 3. Land use (raVHH.) 47.81 - Residential 1.17 2.45 - Farm land 46.64 97.55 4. Distance for gas pipeline - Don't know 115 84.56 - Know 21 15.44 * Residential (m) 137.37 . Farm land (m) 145.33 ENV 1004197130fTrASG-S.DOC PAGE G-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-9 TRAVELLING / ROAD USE FREQUENCY Items Directly Affected Group No. Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1. Main routes for travelling or carrying products Ban Rai - P-Tong 8 5.88 o Once a week 4 50.00 o Once a month 3 37.50 o 3 times/week 1 12.50 o Once a day Ban Rai - Thong Pha Phum 11 8.09 o Once a week 2 18.18 o Once a month 4 36.36 o 3 times/week o Once a day 5 45 45 Phu Thong - Kui Yae 12 8.82 o Once a week 12 100.00 o Once a month - o 3 times/week o Once a day Kanchanaburi - Sangklaburn 9 6.62 o Once a week 1 11.11 o Once a month 1 11.11 o 3 times/week 1 11.11 o Once a day 6 66.67 Kaeng Raboed - Yang Ton 14 10.29 o Once a week 1 7.14 o Once a month - o 3 times/week o Once a day 13 92.86 Yang Thon- Ban Kao 15 11 03 o Once a week 5 33.33 o Once a month 1 6.67 o 3 times/week o Once a day 9 60.00 Phu Noi - Sai Yok 1I 8.09 o Once a week o Once a month 2 18.18 o 3 times/week o Once a day 9 81.82 ENvlI00497130,7ABG 9.D0oc PAGE G-22 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-9 (Cont'd) Items Directly Affected Group No. % LLun Sai - Huaj Sai Khao 9 6.62 o Once a week 2 22.22 o Once a month . o 3 nmesiweek . o Once a day 7 77.78 Dan Makham Tia - Kanchanaburi 24 17.65 o Once a week 2 8.33 o Once a month 1 4.17 o 3 times/week 2 8.33 o Once a day 19 79.17 Huai Nam Khao - Dan Makham Tia 3 2.21 o Once a week o Once a month o 3 times/week o Once a day 3 100.00 Sai Yok - Dan Makham Tia 2 1.47 c Once a week - o Once a month o 3 timesAweek o Once a day 2 100.00 - Chiom Bung - Ratchaburi 18 13.24 o Once a week 2 11.11 o Once a month - o 3 times/week 2 11.11 o Once a day 1 5.56 2. Types of regular used road - Asphalt 79 58.09 - Laterite 26 19.12 - Dirt 2 1.47 - Party asphaltic, partly latenitic 29 21.32 3. Road condition - Good all year round 74 54.41 - Good only in dry season 7 5.15 - Rough but can be used all year 55 40.44 ENV o14j/97 3TrASG-9.00C PAGE G-23 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-10 AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PROJECT it mI Directiy Affected GrouD No. _ Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1. Project information reception No 80 58.82 Yes 56 41.18 Information sources (first time) * PTT officials 3 5.36 * District/provincial officials 5 8.93 * Newspaper 8 14.29 * Radio 7 12.50 * TV 5 8.93 * Kamnan/Village head 4 7.14 * Neighbour 24 42.86 2. Knowledge/Understanding of the project Not at all 110 80.88 Considerably 24 17.65 Well awared/Good understanding 2 1.47 3. Confidence on gas pipeline safety Fully (100%) 21 15 44 Very confident 16 11.76 Considerably confident 35 25.74 Not so much confident 59 43.38 Not at all 5 3.68 4. Anitude and reaction toward the project Agree 108 79.41 Worried 23 16.91 Not agree 5 3.68 Reasons for agreeing * More work for local people 9 8.33 * more power for the nation 78 72.22 * Improve community economic 21 1944 Reasons for wornness * Accidents/danger (from gas pipeiine) 23 100.00 Reasons for not agreeable * Afraid of gas leakage/not safe 5 21.74 ENV100497130rTABGI-o.OOC PAGE G-24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-1 1 IMPACT DERIVED FROM THE PROJECT DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Items Directly Affected Group No. _ Number of Respondent 136 100.00 Impacts on self/famiiy Positive - No 48 35.29 - Yes (multiple answer) 88 64.71 * More work for local 74 84.09 * PTT may improve road for convenient uses 11 12.50 * Better trading 9 10.23 * High land price 3 3.41 Negative - No 62 45.59 Yes (multiple answer) 74 54.41 * Reduce forest products 4 5.41 * Afraid of land will be lost 13 17.57 * Inconvenient travelling during construction 26 35.14 * Noise, dust and vibration pollution 21 28.38 * Obstruct ir. occupational pursuing 5 6.76 * Worry about safety 8 10.81 2. Impacts on the community Positive No 26 19.12 Yes (multiple answer) 110 80.88 * More work for local 93 84.55 * PTT may improve road for convenient uses 24 21.82 * Better trading 16 14.55 * High land price 4 3.64 * Reduce forest destruction 3 2.73 Because villagers get job in the project ENVIOO<NY71301TABGftI -DOC PAGE G-25 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE 1-7 NONINSTANTANEOLJS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION (JET DISPERSION AT 100% PIPE LEAK) LF!L %do%G = 5.00 Distance, x C, u D, D U.w* (m) (kg/m3) ppm. | % Volume (MIS) (mvs) (m) (mn) (kg/m3) (kg/rn) 1 4.220 4,604,384 460.44 5.78x105 1.067 1.067 0.88 0.88 5 1.110 1.209,900 121.00 9.407.200.00 10 0.578 630,020 63.02 4.686.800.00 15 0.391 426.190 42.62 3.120,800.00 20 0.295 321,550 32.16 2.33q.200.00 25 0237 258.330 25.83 1.870.688.00 30 0.198 215.820 21.58 1,558.533.33 35 0.170 185.300 18.53 1,335,657.14 40 0.150 163.500 16.35 1.168.550.00 45 0.130 141,700 14.17 1,038,607.41 50 0.120 130,800 13.08 934,672.00 55 0.110 119,900 11.99 849.64628 60 0.100 109,000 10.90 778,799.99 65 0.090 98.100 9.81 718,859.17 70 0.080 87.200 8.72 667.488.71 75 0.080 87,200 8.72 622,965.33 100 0.060 65,400 6.54 467,168.00 125 0.040 43.600 4.36 373,707.52 150 0.040 43,600 4.36 311,407.99 175 0.040 32,700 3.27 266.911.99 200 0.030 32,700 3.27 233,542.00 300 0.020 21,800 2.18 155.685.33 500 0.010 10,900 1.09 93,40G.72 700 0.009 9.810 0.98 66,717.71 900 0.007 7,630 0.76 51,890.86 1000 0.006 6,540 0.65 46,701.68 ENVI0O4/7134rTABI-7 XLS PAGE 1-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-12 EXPECTED IMPACTS AFirTR THE PROJET'S CONSTRUCTION HAS BEEN COMPLETED Items Directly Affected Groups No. Numoer of Resoonoents 136 100 00 ImtSacs on selfrsrrmiy Pcsizive - No 109 7941 - Yes iMutiole a'svwer! 28 0 z9 * Convenment traveling 4 14 29 * More worK for loca! 7 25.00 * Benter tracing and Dusness 4 14.29 * Having electricitY use 14 50 co Negatlwe No 60 58 82 - Yes (Multiole answefl 56 41. 18 * Atraio of accioents 46 82.14 * Material from construcmion may be oDstructed for farming 4 7 14 * Low land orice 11 19.64 2 Impacts on community Positive - No 75 55 .15 - Yes IMultipte answerl 61 44.05 * Convenien- travelling 12 19.67 * Economic growth 32 52.46 * Government jnit give more attention to community 13 21.31 * Having electricity use 14 22.95 Negative - No 69 5074 - Yes (Multiple answer) 67 49,26 * Kareng wil create oroblem/destrov gas pipeline 14 20 90 * Afraid of accident/denger 42 62.69 * Material from construction may be obstructed for farming 3 4.48 * Pipeline route may be obstructed for farming 3 4 48 * Low land price 10 14.93 3 Impacts on vicinity Positive No 108 79.41 - Yes (Multiple answer) 28 20.59 * Convenient travelling 3 10.71 * More work tor locals 5 17.86 * Having electricity use 20 71.43 Negative - No 132 97.06 - Yes (Multiple answerli 4 2.94 Kareng will create problem/destrOy gas pipeline 1 25.00 - Low travell because of atratd in accident/danger 3 75.00 ENva0on7s30ttASG.12.DOC PAGE G-27 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-13 OPINION ON LAND APPROPRIATION AND RIGHTS TO USE LAND FOR GAS PIPELINE Items Directly Affected Group No. % Number of Respondent 136 100.00 1. Opinion on land appropriation Accept without conditton 4 2.94 Accept with right compensation 93 68.38 Not accept 19 13.97 Not sure 18 13.24 No opinion 2 1.47 Reasons for not accept * Being afraid of having pipeline through the land 12 63.16 * Living here long, don't want to move away 6 31.58 * Afraid of gas explosion 1 5.26 Not sure, depending on * PTT's proposal for compensation 10 55.56 * Amount of land to be lost 4 22.22 * The malority voice of those having impacts 2 11.11 * Land owner's will decide (tenants) 2 11.11 2. Opinions on rights to use land for gas pipeline Accept without condition 22 16.18 Accept with right compensation 88 64.71 Not accept 12 8.82 Not sure 12 8.82 No opinion 2 1.47 Not accept * Receive compensation less than land 2 16.67 appropriation * Afraid of accident/denger 4 33.33 * Low land price 4 33.33 * Obstruct occupation pursuring 2 16.67 Not sure * PTT's proposal for compensation 7 58.33 * The majority voice of those having impacts 2 16.67 * Land owner's will decide (tenants) 3 25.00 ENvioo4An7130/TABG.13 DOC PAGE G-28 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-14 OPINION ON APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION Items Directly Affected Groups No. % Number of Respondents 136 100.00 Methods: - Land appropriation 2 1.47 - Compensation rate should be similared as actual condition 96 70.59 - Land in the reserved forest should be compensated 3 221 - Having many methods according to the affectd condition 4 2.94 - Up to government decision 11 8.09 - No answer 20 14.71 Conditions: - Affected people should be represented in compensation 5 3.68 committee - Compensation should be paid all in lump sum 97 71.32 - Find new land with similar condition 3 2.21 - Giving help for affected people who own land and housing 3 2.21 appropriately - Up to government decision 11 8.09 - No answer 17 12.50 ENV1004/971301TASG-14.DOC PAGE G-29 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-15 ADDITIONAL OPINIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Items Directly Affected Groups No. % Number of Respondents 136 100.00 No 82 60.29 Yes 54 39.71 - Gas pipeline should not be closed to community 7 12.96 - Should be built quickly so that locals can have 6 11.11 work to do - Should have the effective PR program 13 24.07 - Give importance to safety measures to control 13 24.07 accidents/ dangers from gas pipeline - Should select area with the least afferted to people 8 14.81 - All affectd people should be surveyed to get 1 1.85 opinion - Should be constructed to prevent power shortage 3 5.56 - Electrict plant should be built at Kanchanaburi 3 5.56 province ENV�104197130,TABG 1s5oC PAGE G-30 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-16 GENERAL INFORMATION OF IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW RESPONDENTS Item Number Percentage Total Number of Respondents 30 100.00 1. Number of respondent classified by work/business - Local gov't officials 14 46.67 - Bank employee 5 16.67 - Businesses 6 20.00 * Hotels/Inns 4 66.67 * Food shop 1 16.67 * Hardware store 1 16.67 - Local leaders 5 16.67 2. Age (Years) - Not more than 30 yrs. 2 6.67 - 31 - 40 11 36.67 - 41 - 50 9 30.00 - More than 50 yrs. 8 26.67 Average (Years) 42.10 3. Education - Primary 5 16:67 - Secondary / Vocational 10 33.33 - Bachelor ! High Bachelor 15 50.00 ENV1004197130/TABG-16.DOC PAGE G-31 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-17 AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PROJECT Item Indirect Affected Group . Number T x Total Number of Respondents 30 100.00 1. Project Information Reception - No 0 0.00 Yes 30 100.00 2. Source of Information (first time) - PTT offic:als 7 23.33 - District / Provincial Gov't officials 6 20.00 - TEAM officials 4 13.33 - Newspaper 5 16.67 - Thai-Burmese Border Patrol Military 2 6.67 - Total official 1 3.33 - Local villagers 5 16.67 3. Period of Receiving Information - 1992 3 10.00 1993 3 10.00 - 1994 8 26.67 1995 16 53.33 4. Content of Information Received Imultiple answer) - Project area / gas pipeline (no details) 22 73.33 - Sources of raw materials 13 43.33 - Expected impacts on local people 14 46.67 S. Attitude and Reactions Toward the Prolect - Agree 30 100.00 Reasons (multiple answer) . Improve community economic esp. during construction 13 43.33 * National needs to have more energy to produce electricity 11 36.67 . More workers in the community 9 30.00 * People and state coordinate for good relations i0n__ ENV1OO4,07l3O/TA8G.17.DOC PAGE G-32 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-18 EXPECTED IMPACT DERIVED FROM THE PROJECT Item Indirect Affected Group Number | Total Numoer of Respondents 30 100.00 1. Impact on Land price No . 22 73.33 Because large portion of gas pipeline passes to reserved forest, 22 100.00 nationat park and by road side - Positive Impact 6 20.00 * High land price 5 83.33 * Those hold land in reserved torest will be accepted it PTT 1 16.67 agrees to pay them for their lost produczs - Negative Impact 2 6.67 * Land price reduces 2 100.00 Because people do no trust the safety of gas pipeline 2. Impact on land use - No 30 100.00 * Land use for gas pipeline can be used almost the 12 40.00 the same after filling completely * No road / infrastructure constructure 9 30.00 * viost of gas pipeline has been fixed and prevented from using 9 30.00 3. Impact on Transportation - No Impact 14 46.67 * PTT will not built or improve road 14 100.00 - Positive Impact 14 46.67 * PTT most likely to improve road for materials transmprtation 10 71.43 and villagers will benefit from this * If PTT connect roads frorn Ka-Le-On villagers will have 3 21.43 benefit * Villages can have a short-cut way if PTT clears area 1 7.14 albng Bang Rai gas pipeline ENv1 00o47I3oTrASG- I.ooC PAGE G-33 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIl`tLINh [HUJLt;-T HNAL REPOrI APPENDIX G TABLE G-18 (Cont'd) Item Indirect Affected Group Number T Total Number of Respondents 30 100.00 - Negative Impacts 2 6.67 * More forest land will be distroyed if wood is cut for 2 14.29 the project 4. Impact on Economic Growth - No Impact 8 26.67 * Period of construction is short 8 100.00 - Positive impact (multiple answeri 19 63.33 * More work for local people 15 78.95 * Boost economic activities (food shops, hard ware, renting 12 63.16 housing, money transfers, etc.i because more people coming to stay during construction period * Land improvement for electric plant and conrected 3 15.79 industries in Ratchaburi province - Negative Impact 3 10.00 * More work may result in labour shortage in some business 3 100.00 5. Impacts on Gov't and People Development Schemes - No Impacts 12 40.00 - Positive impact 18 60.00 * Gov't and people are interested in the project and ready 12 66.67 to co-operate * Create coordination between PTT and local gov't unit 6 33.33 6. Impacts on Consciousness and Values of natural Gas - No 28 93.33 - Yes 2 6.67 * Local NGO's which tend to conserve natural resources 2 100.00 may move to obstruct the project | | 0.00 l ENV1004/97130rTABG. 18.DOC PAGE G-34 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-18 (Cont'd) Item Indirect Affected Group Number % Total Number of Respondents 30 100100 7, Impacts on security / border problems - No Impact 11 36.67 * Turst in gas pipeline safety n,esures, border problem 11 100.00 should not be increased - Ye Imultiple answer) . 19 63.33 * Worry about safety measure 8 42.11 * Afriad to have provokation from minonty groups living 11 57.89 along the border * Afraid Burmese internal polities will affect the project 6 31.58 8. Impacts on Health - Positive 5 100.00 * Gov't pay more attention to local heafth unit 2 40.00 * The project may provide support in building improvement 2 40.00 and equipment * Will improve child heafth considerably 1 2C.Do (people have more income to buy food) 9. Impacts on Education - No 27 90.00 - Positive Impact 3 10.00 * Can be use for study tour of students in local areas 3 100.00 10. Impact on Recreation and landscape - No 24 80.00 - Positive Impact 6 20.00 * If PTT develops the area for tourist attraction. it will 6 100.00 improve the landscape and cousequently recreation area ENV1oLg7130rrABG-lt.O0C PAGE G-35 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G TABLE G-19 ADDITIONAL OPINIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Item Indirect Affected Group Number % Total Number of Respondents 30 100.00 Additional Opinions and Suggestions (multiple answer) - Shou:d have effective PR program 25 83.33 - Shoud have measure to prevent burmese from stopping 20 66.67 gas delivery by contract - Local Gov't agencies and PTT should coordinate 7 23.33 sufficiently - PTT should participate in community development work 7 23.33 - Many of local workers are refugees and PTT should 3 10.00 be careful in hiring them - It is appropriate to sub-contract part of work to reduce 3 10.00 problems of finding labour - The construction work should be according to designs with 1 3.33 systematically carried out to provide good example for othe projects 1 3.33 - Family members of those expected to receive negative impacts from the project should have safety inssurance provided by the project ENV I004S97130rrABG. 19.DC)C PAGE G-36 APPENDIX H THE RESULTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH STUDY TABLE H-1 0 Gi ~~~~HEALTH PERSONNELS IN\ THE AREA OF FKANCHANABURI PROVINCE THAT P PURPOSED GAS PIPELINE WILL BE PASSED z z 0 -4 No. Persorinels Thong Pha Phum District Sa|yok District Dan Makham Tia District > Number Personnel/ Number Personnel/ Number Personnel/ m C (person) Population Ratio (person) Population Ratio (person) Population Ratio m -n 1. Physicians 4 1:7.419.5 4 1:8,063 2 1:13,774 2. Dentists 1 1:29,678 2 1:16,126 1 1:27,548 3. Pharmacists 1 1:29,678 2 1:16,126 1 1:27,548 4. Professional Nurses 16 1:1,855 14 1:2,304 6 . 1:4,591 5. Aaesthetists 1 1:29,678 - - 6. Technical Nurses 18 1:1,649 1 1:1,792 10 1:2,755 7. Public Health Community Personnel 39 1:761 30 1:1,075 20 1:1,722 8. Dental Assistants - - - - 1 1:27,548 mc> Zm- fl Source District Public Health Office, 1994. I - M z TABLE H-2 > o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-ni HEALTH PERSONNELS IN CHOM BUNG DISTRICT AND MUANG DISTRICT, RATCHABURI PROVINCE z C, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z> 0 No. Personnels Chom Bung District Muang Ratchaburi District > U) Number Personnel/ Number Personnel/ r z (Person) Population Ratio (Person) Population Ratio m m 1. Physicians 4 1: 14,974 62 1:2,847 2. Pharmacists 2 1:29,949 14 1:12,608 3. Professional Nurses 24 1:2,495 225 1:784 4. Technical Nurses 21 1:2,852 167 1:1,057 5. Pharmacist Assistants 2 1:29,949 15 1:11,768 6. Medicals, Scientists and Technicians 2 1:29,949 8 1:22,065 7. Others 13 1:4,607 50 1:3,530 > Source Provincial Health Office of Ratchaburi Province, 1994. M a) Z m in - I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-3 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH IN THONG PHA PHUM DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994 No. Causes of Death Number of Rate per 1,000 the Patiens (Person) 1. Senile 23 0.8 2. Disease of Health System 18 0.63 3. Accidents 16 0.53 4. Malaria 11 0.38 5. Murder and Commit Suicide 11 0.38 6. Fever 3 0.1 7. Cancer 3 0.1 8. Disease of Lung System 2 0.07 9. Disease of High Blood Pressure 2 0.07 10. Disease of Digestive System 2 0.07 Source: District Public Health Office of Amphoe Thong Pha Phum, 1994. ENVI004/9130/TASH-3DOC PAGE H-3 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-4 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH IN SAI YOK DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994 No. Causes of Death Number of Rate per 1,000 the Patients (Person) 1. Senile 20 0.8 2. Drowning 11 0.15 3. Disease of Hearth System 10 0.46 4. Faint 10 0.46 5. Traffic Accidents 8 0.23 6. Murder 7 0.15 7. Commit Suicide 5 0.31 8. Cancer 5 0.31 9. Failure of Respiratory System 4 0.08 10. Malaria 3 0.69 Source: District Public Health Office of Sai Yok, 1994. ENV1OO4O97130TABH-4.DC PAGE H-4 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-5 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH IN DAN MAKHAM TIA DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994 No. J Causes of Death Number of Rate per 1,000 the Patients (Person) 1. Senile 28 1.02 2. Traffic Accidents 9 0.33 3. Hearth Failure 8 029 4. Impulse Faint 6 0.23 5. Fever 4 0.14 6. Disease of Lung System 3 0.11 7. Drowning 3 0.11 8. Convulsion 2 0.07 9. Malaria 1 0.04 10. Commit Suicide 1 0.04 Source District Public Health Office of Dan Makham Tia, 1994. eNV10049713OttA8H-6.D0C PAGE H-5 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-6 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF ILLNESS OF THE OUT rAlitNi IN i[MI'UNU rMIA rMUM Ul b1lLl, SRN4-1MrMAUnI rnuVir4Y., It::4 No. Causes of Diseases Number of the Rate per 1,000 Patients (Person) 1. Disease of Respiratory System 9,121 317.8 2. Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory 3.330 116.02 Findings, not Elsewhere Classifides 3. Disease of Digestive System 2,448 85.29 4. Cenain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 1,928 67.17 5. Disease of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 1,200 41.81 6. Other External Causes of Morbidity and Mortality 1,088 37.9 7. Disease of the Musculosketal System and Connective Tissue 891 29.65 8. Disease of the Circulatory System 748 26.06 9. Endocrne, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases 741 25.81 10. Poisoning, Toxic Effect, and Their Sequences 507 17.66 Source District Public Health Office of Thong Pha Phum, 1994. ENV1004I97130/ABH-6DO0C PAGE H-6 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-7 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF ILLNESS OF THE OUT PATIENTS IN SAI YOK DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994 No. Causes of Diseases Number of the Rate per 1,000 Patients (Person) 1. Disease of the Respiratory System 11,233 325.69 2. Disease of the Digestive System 6,932 175.88 3. Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 4,399 163.8 4. Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory 3.268 151.49 Findings, Not Elsewhere Classifides 5. Disease of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 2,373 58.3 6. Accidents 1,908 81.3 7. Disease of Musculosketal System and Connective Tissue 1,891 49.59 8. Disease of the Circulatory System 1,319 37.31 9. Disease of the Genitourinary System 977 35.72 10. Diseasa of the Nervous System 857 32.18 Source District Public Health Office of Sai Yok, 1994. ENV100"j7130SrA8H-7.DOC PAGE H-7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-8 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF ILLNESS OF THE OUT PATIENTS IN DAN MAKHAM TIA DISTRICT, KANCHANABumi PROVINCE, 1994 No. Causes of Diseases Number of the Rate per 1,000 Patients (Person) 1. Disease of the Respiratory System 8.547 310.25 2. Disease of the Digestive System 3,149 113.32 3. Disease of the Musculosketal System and Connective Tissue 1,849 67.01 4. Disease of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 1,108 40.22 5. Symptoms, Signs and ADnormal Clinical Classifides 1.095 39.85 6. Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 1.032 37.46 7. Disease of the Circulatory System 656 23.81 8. Traffic Accidents 438 15.89 9. Disease o; the Genitourinary System 384 13.94 10. Disease of the Nervous System 273 9.91 Source District Public Health Office of Dan Makham UTa. 1994. ENv100l,9713OfTABH-8-OOc PAGE H-8 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-9 AIDS AND VENEREAL DISEASE CONDITION, 1994 No. Items Number of the Patients (Person) Thong Pha Phum Sai Yok District Dan Makham Tia District District 1. Venereal Diseases nd 8 0 2. AIDS nd 4 0 3. HIV-Infectious nd 6 0 Source District Public Health Office, 1944. Remark nd= no data. ENVI00497130/TABH-9.DOC PAGE H-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-10 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH IN RATCHABURI PROVINCE, 1994 No. Causes Number of Rate per 100,000 the Patients (Person) 1. Cancer. 396 53.3 2. Diseases of the Heart System 389 52.36 3. High Blood Pressure and Blood Vessel in 258 34.72 Brain Diseases 4. Other Accidents 231 31.09 5. Traffic Accidents 221 29.74 6. Murder and Commit Suicide 209 28.13 7. Poisonous Blood 112 16.42 8. Diseases of the Vein System, Lymph and 114 15.34 the Circulatory System 9. Diseases of the Respiratory System 112 15.07 10. Diseases of the Liver and Pancreas System 95 12.79 Source Provincial Public Health Office of Ratchaburi, 1994. ENVIo00497130rrABH. o.DoC PAGE H-10 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H TABLE H-1 1 RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSE OF ILLNESS IN RATCHABURI PROVINCE, 1994 No. Causes of disease Number of Rate per 1,000 the Patients (Person) 1. Diseases of the Respiratory System 122,698 165.14 2. Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical Classifides 75,428 101.52 3. Disease of the Digestive System 69,761 28.51 4. Accidents 53,270 71.7 5. Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 34,611 46.58 6. Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 29,692 39.96 7. Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective 24,301 32.71 Tissue 8 Diseases of the Nervous System 24,024 32.33 9. Disease of the Circulatory System 19,172 25.8 10. Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases 18151 24.43 Source Provincial Public Health Office of Ratchaburi, 1994. ENVIOOS47130/TASH-1 1DOC PAGE H-1l APPENDIX I DETAIL FOR HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX: APPENDIX I DETAIL FORH DOUS HASEN 1. GAS OUTFLOW Discharges from pipes containing gas under pressure are calculated using the following formula Q =YCAP, [ Where Y = Outflow coefficient (For critical outflow Y 1.0) Cd = Discharge coefficient (For a gas release a value should be 1.0) A, = Area of release (i2) 2) (p ~~~~~~6 -2) P, = Process pressure (Nm2) (P1 = 1,250 psig = 8.62x10 Nm M = Molecular weight (M = 20.53) y = Specific heats ratio (7 = 1.31) R = Universal gas constant (J mol'K-') (R = 8,314 Jmol1'K1) T, = TTemperature of substrate (K) (T = 322.04 OK) Q = Release rate (kgs;1) Gas outflow from pipe at Tie-in-point at Ban I-Tong, maintenance sub- station at Ban Phu Ong Ka, and Ratchaburi gas terminal are the same because of the specific of pressure, diameter of pipe and the others are used similary. The composition of natural gas from Yadana that used as data for calculation are summarized in Table 1-1. ENV100097143APPENA O PAGE l-1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE l-1 COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS FROM YADANA Component Composition(% mole) Methane C, 70.26 Ethane C2 1.22 Propane C3 0.18 i-Butane 0C4 0.02 r-Butane nC4 0.04 i-Pentane iC5 0.01 n-Pentane nC5 0.01 Nitrogen N2 22.89 Carbon Dioxide C02 5.28 Oxygen 02 0.09 Gas molecular weight 20.53 Heat of combustion > 715 BTU/SCF (HHV) Temperature 60-120 0F Pressure < 1,250 psig at Tie-in-point (Ban I-Tong) > 550 psig at Ratchaburi Gas Terminal Gas flow rate 900 MMSCFD Contaminants: Water Content < 7 lb/MMSCF Hydrogen Sulfide < 85 ppm. W. Total sulfer < 100 ppm. W. 3 Mercury < 50 g/NM ENV1ONM71431TAI*- TXLS PAGE 1-2 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I 1.1 20% of Pipe Diameter (42") Ar = - (0.20x21 x2.54x 120 m) 7 2 = 0.036 m Ir_20.53 x 1.31 ( Q = 1.Oxl.OxO.036x(8.62x1 06) L x 1 (1. 8,314 x 322.04- -1.31 = 18,188 kg s1 1.2 100% of Pipe Diameter (42") 22 2 2 Ar = -(21 inx2.54x1 1) 7 = 0.894 m2 X ~~~~~~~~~~~(1.31 +) 20.53 x 1.3 2 Q = 1.0 x 1.0 x 0.894 x (8.62x10 [ 8 _ 1 N1_8,314 x _ 1.31 +1 = 4.55x105 kgs The results of gas outflow are summarized in Table 1-2. ENV1O04/971431APPEN-LDOC PAGE 1-3 MIA yr YAuANA NAWURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE 1-2 GAS OUTFLOW OF THE PIPELINE LEAK RATE AT 20% AND 100% OF PiPE DiAMETER Operation Condition % of pipe leak Gas outflow rate (kg/s) Tie-in-point at Ban I-Tong, Maintenance sub-station 20 18,188.00 at Ban Phu Ong Ka, and 5 Ratchaburi Gas Terminal 100 4.55 X 10 - Pipe diameter 42" - Pressure 1,250 psig - Temperature 1200F (322.040K) - Molecular weight of gas =20.53 ENV100A497143NTA.1 2 XLS PAGE 1-4 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I 2. FLAMMABLE RELEASE WITH IMMEDIATE IGNITION 2.1 Instantaneous Release (Fireballs and BLEVES) The maximum radius of the fireball is given by: P, = 2.665M032 where: M is the flammable release mass in kilogrammes The fireball has a duration, tf, given by: t,8= 1.089 M 2 The rate of release of energy by combustion is then given by: Q= TcM where: h is the combustion efficiency, found to vary with the saturated vapour pressure of the stored material (in MN/m2) as follows: h = 0.27 p0 The radiation flux, I, at a distance r from the centre of the fireball is given by QT i=7=Cr Where T is the transmissivity, conservatively taken as 1. The-estimation of release is based on the volume contained in the pipe of 42 inch diameter and 1 km in length. ENV1497143fAPPEN+.DOC PAGE 1-5 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I 2.1.1 Pipe Leak: 100% of Pipe Diameter I NM \ p5 = 3,448.03 psia (6894.8 psiaJ 6 2 = 23.77x10 Nm = 23.77 MNm 2 T1 = 0.27 P, 032 = 0.27 (23.77).2 = 0.744 MNm 2 Heating Value = 715 BTUISCF BTU J Hc = 715 SCF x 1,055 BTjU 05 = 7.54x10 J/SCF density of natural gas at 1,250 psig and 120�F = 4.45 Lbs/ft3 d ensity at standard condition 14.7 psia and 600F ( Lbs\(/ 14.7\ (120+460 - .tz 7)k 1,250+14. 60+460 7 = 0.058 Lbs/ft3 J 1 SCF 1 Lbs Hc = 7.54x10 x x SCF 0.058 Lbs 0.4536 kg -o2.87x1 0 J/KY M =pV ENVIO04/97143/APPEN-I DOC PAGE 1-6 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX l 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0.894 m' V x 1,000 m 1 ft 3 = 894m Lbs 1 ft3 0.4536 kg M = 4.45 - x x x 894 m3 ft3 0.028317 m3 1 lb = 64,448.46 kg R, = 2.665 M0327 = 2.665 (64,448.46)0327 = 99.61 m 0 327 = 1.089 (64,448.46)3 = 40.70 sec HcM Q=1 0.744 x 2.87 x 107 x 64,448.46 40.70 - 3.38 x 1010 J/S Q I = - atR=99.61m 47E2 3.38 x 1010 =~~~~~~~ 4 x22 x (99.61) 7 = 27-1,082.17 J/S m2 ENVWOI4197U43WAPPENW.DOC PAGE 1-7 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I = 2.71 x 105 watt/M2 = 271 kWMm Estimate r for I = 37.5, 25.0, 12.5 and 4.0 kW/m2 3.38x 1010 2 r = 4 x 22 x I 7 2 I = 37.5 kW/m , r = 267.82 m, I = 25.0 kW/m2, r = 328.02 m, 2 I = 12.5 kW/Mr, r = 463.90 m, = 4.0 kW/mr, r = 820.06m 2.1.2 Pipe Leak 20% of Pipe Diameter -2 Ps = 23.77 MNm h = 0.744 MNm2 Hc = 2.87x107 Jlkg ' M = pV 2 0.036 m V 1,000 m 1 ft = 36 m3 Lbs 1 ft3 0.4536 kg M = 4.45 -x 3 x x36m ft3 0.028317 m 1 lb = 2,566.18 kg FW = 2.665 (2,566.18)0327 = 34.72 m. = 1.089 (2,566.18)327 = 14.19 sec. ENV1004f971431APPEN- DOC PAGE 1-8 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I r,HCM 0.744 x 2.87 x 107 x 2,566.18 Q = = 14.19 3.86x1l0 J/S Q 3.86 x 109 2 I = - = = 2.55 x10JSm 47Cr2 4 x 22 (34.72)2 7 - = 2.55 x 105 watUmm2 = 255 kW/m2 2 at I = 37.5 kWMm, r = 90.48 m 2 I = 25.0kW/mr, r = 110.82rn 2 I = 12.5kW/mr, r = 156.72m 2 I = 4.0 kw/m, r = 277.04 m The results of the calculation are summarized in Table 1-3. 2.2 Noninstantaneous Release (Jet Fire) The radiated heat, Qp, for a release rate Q and np point sources is given by Qp= QHc where: r9 is an efficiency factor conservatively taken as 0.35 The radiation, I, from a particular point in the flame to a receptor at distance, r, is given by: XgQp { = ~~~~~2 47Cr where Xg is an emissivity factor which depends on the material being burnt; for jet fires Xg can be taken as 0.2. ENVlOO497143/APPEN-I DMC PAGE 1-9 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT TABLE 1-3 THE DIST.ANCE FROM%. THE CENTER OF THE FIREBALL AT RADIATION FLUX (METRE) Incident Flux Distance from Center of Fireball (m.) (kW/m ) Pipe Leak: 20% Pipe Leak: 100% of pipe diameter of pipe diameter 37.5 90.48 267.82 25 110.82 328.02 12.5 156.72 463.90 4 277.04 820.06 ENV1 004?i43/TAB1-3.XLS PAGE I-10 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I 2.2.1 Pipe Leak 100% of Pipe Diameter (42") Gas flow = 4.55 x 1 O kg/s '(earlier calculation as shown i n Tiabuvle If-I2I Qp = 7IQHr 1 = 0.35 Hc = 2.87 x 107Jkg'l Qp = 0.35 x 4.55 x 105 sg x 2.87 x10 J S kg = 4.57x 1012 JS1 XgQp 4Z2 47tr r = [XgQp/47t1]J . at I = 37.5 kW/m2, r = 1,392.68 m i= 25.0kW/nm, r = 1,705.68m 2 = 12.5 kW/m, r = 2,411.64 m I= 4.0 kW/M2, r = 4,264.21 m 2.2.2 Pipe Leak 20% of pipe diameter (42") Gas Flow = 18,188 kg/s QP = tl QHc Hc = 2.87x 107J/kg h = 0.35 Q = 18,188 kg/s Qp = 0.35 x 18,188 kg x 2.87 x 107 - 1.83x 10" J/S r = [XgQp/47t1] ENVIQO419714VAPPEN4.OOC PAGE l-1 1 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I at I 37.5 kW/m , r = 278.09 m 25.0 kW/M2, r = 340.59 m = 12.5 kW/m2, r = 481.66 m = 4.0 kW/mr2 r = 851.47 m The results of the calculation are summarized in Table 1-4. 3. FLAMMABLE GAS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION 3.1 Instantaneous Release with Adiabatic Expansion For a gas release, the energy of expansion is: E = Cv (T1-T2) - Pa (V2-Vl) Where: E = Energy of expansion (J) C, = Heat capacity at constant volume (Jkg-'K-') T, = Initial temperature (K) 12 = Final temperature (K) Pa = Atmospheric pressure (Nm 2) V2 = Final volume (m3) V, = Initial volume (m3) As a result of the impulse developed in the expansion, extensive turbulence is generated. This turbulence in the determining factor for further mixing of the gas cloud with the surrounding air. Once the expansion energy, E, has been obtained, the expansion for the turbulent diffusion coefficient, Kd, is: 1/4 Kd = 0.0137 (Vg )103E 112 12 where: Vg0 = the volume of the gas at standard temperature and pressure (mi3) t = time (s) ENVO041I9714VAPPEN-.DOG PAGE 1-12 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE 1-4 THE DISTANCE OF RADIATION FLUX FROM A PARTICULAR POINT IN THE FLAME OF JET FIRE TO A RECEPTOR The Distance from a particular Point Radiation Flux in the Flame to a Receptor (m.) 2._ (kW/m ) Pipe Leak: 20% Pipe Leak: 100% of pipe diameter of pipe diameter 37.5 278.09 1,392.68 25 .340.59 1,705.68 12.5 481.66 2,411.64 4 851.47 4,264.21 ENV100"47143rA8B.4XLS , PAGE 1-13 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I The core radius, r,, and the core concentration, cc, as a function of time are given by: rc = 1'.36r4 K t112 cc= 0.0478 V<Oo [4Kdt]3/2 The core radius and concentration at the end of the turbulence is: rce = 0.08837 E (Vga)13 Cce = 172.95 E49 At the end of expansion the peripheral cloud radius, rpe, is: r,, = 1.456 r,, 3.1.1 Pipe Leak: 100% of Pipe Diameter (42") ISy = 0.402 BTU/lb�F = 1,683.09 J/kg K T, = 322.04 K T2 = 301.05 K Pa = 14.7 psia = 101,353.56 N/rm2 V2 = 3894 m 0.014 m /kg 64,448.46 kg- 0.4m/k V= 0 E = 1,683.09 (322.04 - 301.05) - 101,353.56 (0.014-0) = 35,328.06 - 1,418.95 = 33,909.11 VgO = Volume of the gas at standard temperature and pressure (1,250+14. (60+460) 1 ft3 psia. .894 m 7) (120+460) 0.028317 m3 - 2,435,206.60 ft3 = 68,957.75 m3 ENV1004/971431APPEN-1 DOC PAGE 1-14 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I K ~~~~~~~~31/(33,909.1 1)12 r _________ Kd = 0.0137 (68,957.60 m t (33,909.11) j = 71.07/t�025 = 1.36 [4Kdt]"2 = 2.72 (Ket)0' 0.0478 x 68,957.75 412.0 = C, - [4Kdt] 2 rce = 0.08837 (33,909.11)0' (68,957.75)"" - 82.84 m cce = 172.95 (33,909.11)4-9 0 .014 kg/m3 rpe = 1.456 (82.84) = 120.62 m Table D-5 presents the results of the calculation at the various time. 3.1.2 Pipe Leak: 20% of Pipe Diameter (42") E = 33,909.11 J (1,250+14.7) (60+460) 1 ft3 V O = ~~psia OR �R.36.00 m 3 V90 14.7 (120+460) 0.028317 = 98,062.01 ft3 = 2,776.82 m3 (2,776.82)1/3 1/4 Kd = 0.0137(2,776.82m3) (33,909.11)1/[ 1 0 25 ~~~~~~t (33,909.1 1). = 18.64/t025 = 1.36 [4Kdt]12 = 2.72 (Kdt)0'5 0.0478 X 2,776.82 16.59 cc- 1.5 . c ~ [4KdT] (Kdt)1, rce = 0.08837 (33,909.11)0.3 (2,776.82)"3 = 28.39 m Cce = 172.95 (33;909.11)'�'9 0.014 kg/m3 rp= 1.456 (28.39) = 41.34 m Table 1-6 presents the results of the calculation at the various time. ENV10041A71431APPEN-ILDOC PAGE 1-15 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE 1-5 INSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION (ADIABATIC EXPANSION AT 100% PIPE LEAK) T Kd -C P. c. R. (second) (m) (Kg./Cu.M.) ppm. % Volume 0.01 224.74 4.08 122290 8m 82.84 0.014 120.62 0.05 150.30 7.46 20.000 21 799,739.99 2,179.97 01 126.38 9.67 9.170 9,996.023.43 999.60 0.2 106.27 12.54 4210 4.583,357.82 458.33 0.3 96.03 14.60 2.660 2,904,373.87 290.44 0.4 89.37 16.26 1.930 2,101,198.93 210.12 0.5 84.52 17.68 1.500 1,634,747.03 163.47 1 71.07 22.93 0.688 749,575.39 74.95 1.5 64.22 26.70 0.436 475.009.67 47.50 2 59.76 29.74 0.315 343,703.47 34.37 2.5 56.52 32.33 0245 267.381.62. 26.74 3 54.00 34.62 0.200 217,807.22 21.78 4 50.25 38.56 0.145 157,598.00 15.76 5 47.52 41.93 0.112 122,623.91 12.26 10 39.97 54.38 0.052 56200.94 5.62 20 33.61 70.52 0.024 25,768.97 2.57 30 30.37 82.09 0.015 1,633.36 1.63 40 20.26 91.43 0.011 11.816.71 1.18 50 26.73 99.44 0.008 9,191.61 0.92 60 25.54 106.47 0.007 7,486.63 0.75 120 21.47 138,07 0.003 1,434.19 0.34 180 19.40 160.75 0.002 2,176.37 0.22 240 18.06 179.06 0.001 1,573.84 0.16 300 17.08 194 .6 0.001 1,224.42 0.12 NOTE: LFL %VOL = 5.00 ENV1004/97143tTABI-S XLS PAGE 1-16 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE 1-6 INSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION (ADIABATIC EXPANSION AT 20% PIPE LEAK) T Kd R, C, ppm. % Volume PR, C- R. (second) (m) (Kg.lCu.M.) 0.01 58.95 2.09 36.650 39.952,79529 3.99527 28.39 0.014 41.34 0.05 39.42 3.82 5.990 6,534,96021 653.49 0.1 33.; 5 4.95 2.750 2,996,039.83 299.60 0.2 27.87 6.42 1.260 1,374.112.96 137.41 0.J 25.18 7.47 0.790 870,978.44 87.09 0.4 23.44 8.33 0.580 629,863.56 62.98 0.5 22.16 9.06 0.450 490,301.52 49.03 1 18.64 11.74 0.206 224,700.47 22.47 1.5 16.84 13.67 0.131 142.437.01 14.24 2 15.67 15.23 0.095 103,068.13 10.31 2.5 14.82 16.56 0.074 80,184.53 8.02 3 14.16 17.73 0.060 65,312.47 6.53 4 13.18 19.75 0.043' 47.239.98 4.72 5 12.46 21.47 0.034 36.773.99 3.68 10 10.48 27.85 0.015 16,855.09 1.69 20 8.81 36.11 0.007 7,731.51 0.77 30 7.96 42.05 0.004 4,900.28 0.49 40 7.41 46.83 0.003 3,543.69 0.35 50 7.01 50.92 0.003 2,755.76 0.27 60 6.69 54.53 0.002 2248.57 0.22 120 5.63 70.71 0.001 1,029.77 0.10 180 5.09 82.32 0.001 652.06 0.06 240 4.74 91.70 4.32x10 441.02 0.04 300 4.48 99.70 3.36x10 367.01 0.03 NOTE: E 33.909.11 J LFL %VOL = 5.00 ENV100A497143TAB.86.XLS PAGE 1-17 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I 3.2 Noninstantaneous Release with Jet Dispersion The equivalent jet emerges from an orifice with an equivalent diameter Deq, given by: Pgo. a Deq = Do P' Pg.a where Do is the diameter of the real orifice used in the outflow calculations. (m.) Pgo,a is the relative density of the gas at outflow condition, i.e., the density immediately after release, relative to air at ambient - conditions. (kg m 3) Pg.a is the density of the gas at ambient conditions, relative to air at the same condition. (kg m 3) The flow is assumed to reach ambient conditions instantaneously, so that the equivalent orifice can be considered as being coincident with the real orifice. The concentration on the axis of the jet at a distance x from the orifice is given by: bl + b2 cm bl 0.32 x *. +1- Pg Deq (ga where: b1, and b2 are distribution constants, given by: bi = 50.5 + 48.2 pg.a - 9.95 p2g,a b2 = 23.0 + 41.0 Pg., The above equation can easily be rearranged to give x as a function of cm; this can be used to calculate the length of the jet above a given concentration. ENVID04/97143JAPPEN-I.DOC PAGE 1-18 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I The concentration profile in a plane at right angles to the axis of the jet is given by: CX.y -b2 (ylx)2 = e Cm where: cX y is the concentration at a point distance x from the orifice, and a distance y from the axis. The speed of the jet will drop with distance along the axis, until, at a certain point on the axis, the jet speed will equal the wind speed. At this point the release has ceased to be a momentum jet, and must be modelled differently. The velocity distribution along the axis of the jet is given by: 11m PgO.a b1 r X Po.a 1 r Deq 1 2 - _* 0LO.32 * + 1-Pg. J L- J uo Pg,a 4 Deq Pg.a x where: um is the velocity on the axis at a distance x from the orifice. (ms1) uo is the real outflow velocity of the release (ms1), calculated as follows: mO u = _ _ _ _ oCJ pg XC D D2 3.2.1 Pipe Leak: 100% of diameter (42") The flow is assumed to reach ambient conditions instantaneously, so that rgoa = rga and the equivalent orifice can be considered as being coincident with the real orifice. Do= 1.067 m Pgo.a = 0.88 kg/mi3 Pg's = 0. 88 kg/mi ENV1041971431APPENIlDOC PAGE 1-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I eq 0.88 = 1.067 m hr = -505 +(48.2 x 0.88) n.n5 (0.8 = 85.21 b2 = 23.0 + (41.0 x 0.88) = 59.08 85.21 + 59.08 85.21 c = m 0.32x . 0.88 + 1 - 0.88 1.067 (0.88)112 The concentrations varied with the distance x are summarized in Table I- 7. The velocity distribution along the axis of the jet (Table 1-7) are calculated as follows: mO = 4.55 x 105 kg s' Cd = 1.0 4.55 x 105 � 1.0 x 0.88 x 22 (1.067/2) 7 = 5.78 x 105 m/s Um 0.88 85.21 [0.32x 0.88 )2 ~~~ = * L *= [ - + 1 -0.882 (1.067/x) 578,000 0.88 4 1.067 0.88 At the end of the turbulent mixing phase, the concentration and distance are: are: um= 3 m/s x = 43.79 km Cm = 1.37x0l kg/m3 ENVID04/97143/APPEN-1 DOC PAGE 1-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE (-7 NONINSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION (JET DISPERSION AT 100% PIPE LEAK) LF! %>/OL = 5.QQ Dislance. x C, U. U. Deo Dt (m) (kg/m3) ppm. | % Volume (mis) (m/s) (m) (m) (kg/rm) (kg/mr) 1 4.220 4.604.384 460.44 t 5.78x10 1.067 1.067 0.88 0.88 5 1.110 1,209.900 121.00 9.407.200.00 10 0.578 630.020 63.02 4,686.800.00 15 0.391 426,190 42.62 3.120,800.00 20 0.295 321,550 32.16 2.339.200.00 25 0 237 258.330 25.83 1.870.688.00 30 0.198 215.820 21.58 1.558,533.33 35 0.170 185.300 18.53 1.335,657.14 40 0.150 163,500 16.35 1,168,550.00 45 0.130 141.700 14.17 1,038.607.41 50 0.120 130,800 13.08 934,672.00 55 0.110 119,900 11.99 849,64628 60 0.100 109.000 10.90 778.799.99 65 0.090 98,100 9.81 718.859.17 70 0.080 87.200 8.72 667,488.71 75 0.080 87,200 8.72 622,965.33 100 0.060 65,400 6.54 467,168.00 125 0.040 43,600 4.36 373,707.52 150 0.040 43,600 4.36 311,407.99 175 0.040 32,700 3.27 266,911.99 200 0.030 32,700 3.27 233,542.00 300 0.020 21,800 2.18 155,685.33 500 0.010 10,900 1.09 93,406.72 700 0.009 , 9.810 0.98 66,717.71 900 0.007 7.630 0.76 51,890.86 1000 0.006 6,540 0.65 46,701.68 ENVI004197143/MASI 7XLS PAGE 1-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I 3.2.2 Pipe Leak: 20% of diameter (42") Do = 0.2x1.067 = 0.213m Pgo.a = 0.88 kg/m3 Pg.a= 0.88 kg/m3 Deq = 0.213 (088) = 0.213m b, = 85.21 b2 = 59.08 85.21 + 59.08 85.21 cm = 0.32x . 0.88 + 1 - 0.88 0.213 (0.88)1Q The concentrations varied with the distance x are summarized in Table I- 8. The velocity distribution along the axis of the jet (Table 1-8) are calculated as follows: mO = 18,188 kg/s cd = 1.0 18,188 u0 = 1.0 x 0.88 x 22 (1.213/2)2 7 = 5.79 X 105 m/s um 0.88 85.21 0.32x 0.88 = - . [ .- + 1 - 0.88](0.213/x)2 5.8x1l 0 0.88 4 0.213 0.88 At the end of the turbulent mixing phase, the concentration and distance are: ur = 3 m/s x = 8.7 km -4 3 Cm = 1.38x10 kg/mr The summarized results at the end of turbulent mixing phase are presented in Table 1-9. ENVIO04/97143/APPEN-1 DOC PAGE 1-22 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I_ TABLE 1-8 NONINSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION (JET DISPERSION AT 20% PIPE LEAK) LFL %VOL = 5.00 Distanoe,x CU . U, | D,, 0 Do r (rn) (kgim/) ppm. % Volume (mhs) (mis) (in) (m) (kg'im) (kg/m') 1 1,240 1,351.600.00 135.16 = 1 5.79x105 0.213 0.213 0.88 0.88 5 0.268 292,120.00 29.21 "W_# 10 0.135 147,150.00 14.72 84,167.00 15 0.090 98,100.00 9.81 55,963.11 20 0.068 74.120.00 7.41 d1.916.75 25 0.054 58.860.00 5.89 33506.72 30 0.045 49,050.00 4.91 27,907.44 35 0.039 42,510.00 4.25 23,911.59 40 0.034 37,060.00 3.71 20.916.69 45 0.030 32,700.00 327 18,588.49 50 0.027 29,430.00 2.94 16,726.68 55 0.025 27,250.00 2.73 15,203.87 60 0.023 25,070.00 2.51 13,935.19 65 0.021 22,890.00 2.29 12,861.94 70 0.019 20,710.00 2.07 11,942.18 75 0.018 19.620.00 1.96 11,145.19 100 0.014 15,260.00 1.53 8,356.67 125 0.011 11,990.00 1.199 6,68427 150 0.009 9,810.00 0.98 5,569.63 ENVIOOM714U3rAM-8.XLS PAGE 1-23 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE i-n THE RESULTS AT THE END OF THE TURBULENT MIXING PHASE Pipe Leak X Um Cm Uo (% of Pipe Diameter) (km) (mis) (kg/m3) (m/s) 20% 4379 3 1.38 x 10 5.79x 10x 100% 8.7 3 1.37x x10 5.79 x 10 Note Wind Speed = 3 m/s ENViOO/97143JTAR-9 XLS PAGE 1-24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPEN[IX I 4. DISPERSION IN THE ATMOSPHERE 4.1 Dispersion of a Neutral-Density Cloud (1) Instantaneous Release For a release of a mass Q at ground level, the concentration at a time t after the could has left the source is given by: 2Q* -1 (X ut)2 y2 z2 c (x,y,z,t) = Q exp[-{ 2 + f 2 (2TY 3OG 2 (T2x a y G zJ where x, y, and z are measured from the source point. For ground-level concentrations at the cloud centre-line the above equation reduces to: 2Q* r -1f (x-ut)2u 1 c(x,O,O,t)- .expL-l J I (27t) QOCSY6 2 Y (2) Continuous Release For a release rate of Q at ground level the concentration is given by: c (x,y,x)= .exp [ -{ + _ 7C(y6Z u 2 CY2y zZ where x, y and z are measured from the source point. For ground-level concentration at the cloud centre-line the above equation reduces to: Q c (x,O,0)= E IAYIPPz u ENV100"17143NAPPEN I.DOC PAGE 1-25 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I The jet dispersion model does assume a Gaussian concentration profile. However, the rate of dilution in jet dispersion is greater than the rate in neutral dispersion so the analyst cannot simply use the true release rate and source in thp ni trql riiperiorn r-caVui itinnz because this will niv cmncPntrations that are too high. Instead the analyst must use an upwind virtual source with the same release rate as the real release rate. The location of this virtual source is found by matching the centre-line concentration of the end of the virtual cloud with the concentration at the centre of the jet. The cross wind width of the plume at the matching point is the diameter of the plume which includes all concentrations down to 10% of the concentration at the centre-line. Stability Category Parameter a b c d Very unstable (A). 0.527 0.865 0.28 0.90 Unstable (B) 0.371 0.866 0.23 0.85 Slightly unstable (C) 0.209 0.897 0.22 0.80 Neutral (D) 0.128 0.905 0.22 0.76 Stable (E) 0.098 0.902 0.15 0.73 Very stable (F) 0.065 0.902 0.12 0.67 (3) Dispersion Parameters As mentioned above, these parameters describe the increase in the dimensions of the cloud as the cloud drifts down-wind. There are several different formulae for these parameters. The ones given here are relatively simple ones taken from TNO (1979). They are: b 6T = ax -y, 6z= cxd where x is the distance down-wind of the source. ENV1OO4I971431APPEN1 DOC, PAGE 1-26 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I No formula is given for CT. For instantaneous releases it is assumed that: CTx CY For continuous releases the down-wind dimension of the cloud is assumed to be negligible. Table above gives the values for the parameters a, b, c and d suggested by TNO for different stability categories; these values are valid where x is greater than 100 m. The model of the dispersion for instantaneous release (100% and 20%) is not used since the concentration of the gas at 100 m is below the LFL (5.00% vol). For noninstantaneous release the result is only for 100% pipeleak from 36" pipe diameter. As stated in Table D-10 the concentration of the gas at 100 m under atmospheric stability are lower than LFL (% vol = 5.00). 4.2 Dispersion of a Buoyant Plume The dispersion is modelled using the Gaussian model. The ground-level concentration when the plume is at a distance x down-wind, and a height h above the ground is given by: c (x,y,h) = . exp - -{ -}] u 2 &T a2 niCya2 U 2 Gy2y CTz The result of the study for 100% pipe leak for noninstantaneous release are summarized in Table 1-11. ENV�QO0AWSUA3PPEN-1 DOC PAGE 1-27 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE 1-10 DISPERSION OF A NEUTRAL - DENSITY CLOUD FOR NONINSTANTANEOUS RELEASE (100% PiPE LEAK) LFL %Vol 5.00 Stability Dispersion Parameter Wind Speed Distance, x Ground - Level Concentration, c (in) at the cloud centre line Sy SI (mis) (m) (kg/m ) ppm. %volume A 176.963 170.824 3 100 1.788 1.948.788.63 194.87 B 170.927 164.566 3 100 1.93 2.104.208.18 210.42 C 167.145 161.805 3 100 2.01 2.194,787.94 219.47 D 163.892 160.260 3 100 2.08 2.264,669.58 226.47 E 162.372 159.249 3 100 2.11 2.303.043.98 230.30 F 160.927 158.650 3 100 2.14 2.334.730.43 233.47 ENV1004/97143YTASI-1DXLS PAGE 1-28 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I TABLE I-11 DISPERSION OF A BUOYANT PLUME FOR NONWNSTANTANEOUS RELEASE (100% PIPE LEAK) LFL %Vol = 5.00 Stability Dispersion Parameter Wind Speed Distance, x Plume High, h Ground - Level Concentration. c (m) at the cloud centre line SI 52 (rmis) (m) (m) (kg/m ) ppm. %volume A 176.963 170.824 3 100 10 1.78 1.940,177.83 194.02 B 170.927 164.566 3 100 10 1.92 2.094,144.41 209.41 C 167.145 161.805 3 100 10 2.00 2.183,905.48 218.39 D 163.892 160.260 3 100 1*0 2.07 2.253.207.28 225.32 E 162.372 159.249 3 100 10 2.10 2.291.227.11 229.12 F 160.927 158.650 3 100 10 2.13 2.321,700.00 232.17 ENV1004M?714�3rAf-t1.XLS PAGE 1-29 I APPENDIX J EMERGENCY PLAN ASME CODE FOR PIPING L-r 39Vd I, nvwuitAuSAuaum 6mrtt�=/tt~nUrWJinuM& n nff WUtUtUr:Idu l nLtr3LLLLtW6 zzS i- I 4ail ijl ,PNsuLh,C4uLWrU=, GM) suf=LtLuAVt;luZLui mGmnwA-LuaU9 Ulu LZ'S unRtmane L LLWNGL=t;nIL,u'nnLtunLW=[Ltu,&LU~kluuwnn oz s wrI:wwW L L O-B =ur3B,jnKriG L ^n-nL SLoGarinnD 'Lmkntfih LLUfitPRt-aULU6mnltNL4 6LVS rtsnj LwrtL z mmn%Lrm L anLnt etqel!eAv seg GKR n1LLUtULrtf LLU OL6b-rUSLUMLLNWrtUJ& GifU4IGL aleJ MOIJ fnwKLrWktrw:_ l9.P rlGtuw 81' 'bL'6tl r 3dl ^U1n BL161 uLwinLnrtruwlW6G9l -nus UnUnLO=fts Ll S, ffLxUrL6b=LunjLWU42Wn Lf.LUUrllt;l W4rArunLt-nLb;=f 9L'S GEUWALUr;UI4jG 6CULW 1UL1AMw -8LPArwnLUtRl61n 9L'9 nu p -. . p- -- -W I 1LUUf3 t lL � %LU1BL64LUfbWLVpLtUnWL9 - Z&u9mu8ttALwuk-61 El S CUSP) 800 Z L-n^s 'ZL#A8 '9#AS 'GLtLUf 'rUrlWfNnUlnlRlnrtLLksLfl%116 Zt S L1nnlUWdktUn DI,LUtLDLUnb nulbmU1r fnlwfLUtXkULotLnL It L S r xION3ddv IlOd3V 1VNU 13J3rOlW 3Nfl3dtd sYD iVunIN YNVCVA dO 'Vi3 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J 1. n-wqmiss^uftez-anuxnuu vsx uan Luu 1.1 LV�1nLm ueluvLi lJd.1 uaL dm.3 1.1 (1) tu6Lim4 Id I 1.2 (3) U fAv5I.� ci94b 4 0/C) 9 N4 AnJt J LJM4 ENV1004171.2 /E I-I VWDPAGE7I J1 us I 1.2 (1AIM INAtl^LF ENV~~~~~ i 0049714nAPPE-J IOC PAE J EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J 2.1 LVmma;Zu L�iP 1 UML L�Jn 3 z} ~~~~~~~~- &nfl1 iLf ;uLIA 2.1.1 9 Lflc91 LM 09'~X 2.1.2 m u?�m flL�A: tmmfnL Lmr'TniQtm if3LVmnA a '" 'T- ' Ml ,l-f4 jqmmmL LslU6l1?w!q:mLmA nL;u 2.1.3 Plut7I48V!oENn1.1Cn PAGE 2v u ENV 1004197 148/APPEN-Jl IDOC PAGE J-2 EfA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT ftPAL REPORT *APPENDIX i 2.2 LMvisiLmU L'fli 2 ieMI?,11:4 4 01C I 461fl1u InfL;iuI - 2.2 LmmfnLi^au vwpLi 4 .':t Ed-i?4T 4 O/C ENViOO4J7i48JAPftN*JI DOC PAGE J-3 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J dm1. 1n.2 dn1.3 lJM.4 S41?niA Ln LoaR P i.tlh.1-2 u;s r.tl-n.2-2 1us c9.lJm.3-1 usTs u49.1JT.4-1 ifs wq.ti-.1-3 u;e cJ9.dJ-.2-1 Ifu w9AJ.3-2 St W9.r41.4-4 7t1 W9.,lJm.1 w9.IN.2 W9.LhA.3 W9.1FV.4 LqJ STAND BY X.3n i nluti 1;ii pie uwi.dvin. u'e r49.11-.2 wu4,dnn. uset W9.11n.4 wq.Ll u lATh 1 e9,1ITh.3 uss - .^Jw.df. ?.t - q.dvin. 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S.r GSLIU%LUnruW6tGM b VLnLrJK' W 9lrlnL [aL tL L kL93zuLtX/IUlULunUnLtrttla=fl Zl-L /LuLMnt4l f O ( urap) *U:)o b^^ ZL#Aq '9#Ag 'tGIAt)[I 'ttltL4Giwk;,nunnrUt.ALnt.l6t,61 OlLL A . r )OCN3ddV 1MMU IVNIS 13roUw 3Nn3ddSV svs mVN VNVGVA 340 V13 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J n-,Tug,3LmFiciLntj,) LL8 nnufnuu1u1unku (L9,� 3) . ltSRWt Ufl- iL,%lU,9,3 1,q91ifflol LqsfiyfIR-4-IMUl PAGE PHONE UR3J1/91FILAMMI 161,612 102526 l 4'i.ITh 3-2 161.162 102503 uJ9.2T'.3 161,162 139727 2 2. ytihan - ti'A0 J I UeM u?ltU .U w4sIVnn. 161,162 102642 l ui.<n.3 161,162 139725 161,162 139724 l us . unmunje3,ImM,i6,m 161,162 102539 l uc.i.lm 161,162 139725 161,162 139726 161,162 139729 161,162 102559 W . A fl. .161.162 139701 l U~.RD. 161,162 139723 l uq.mt. 161,162 102626 l ui.uwunm4JmimAejT Lum 161,162 102508 l uq.91. . iJn. 161,162 102643 ENV�O417148/APPEN-J .DOC PAGE J-14 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT a . - - .FINAL REPORT APPENDX J / 8. iuRsuifl hlhii-nvuLA7tAqnL%u L 4 8.1 2u49'4lLFsn&u A'ds,rnua,4. flate�L14LU9 Ac7?:J7 1U�:'3, 711MIIAIM 8.2 iiuvin e tuasnoWAuurntu4i (n1uitC n 5) 8.3 ci uq*nAd1 ~ ~ i *49 e u.i3 8.6 u-Ln-iu'Li'.as. iAin E AP PAGE J-15 ci f4s.IJTh '1? i.ununesiaT wjtirn4a uuiin 8.6 Uq4LUFlnNgLh4dll1Wdn .-. -A.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E8VaOl74WAVAfENJ1.OOC -PAGE J-IS EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J niru;qLUrUL n ii 3 il (L�AqWA 2) PAGE PHONE | U/uhnus w'.Jvinn. 161,612 102642 WN - A 161,162 13724 2. uLniflaJLLmuu r49.1*.l 161,162 139725 l9.IJVI.2 161,162 139726 Ji.4lA.3 161,162 139727 W9.4Jvi.4 161,162 139728 161,162 139729 161,162 102559 161,162 139723 l 161,162 102626 . 9s.Mfi4. 161,162 139701 l u^i.uwunfsnui2jiJ*BiA us_z 161,162 102508 TiJn. 161,162 102643 BA.wunm )umijmw4n-u 161,162 102539 ENVl004M7148APEN-J1.OOC PAGE J-16 LL-r 3Evd Mat r-N:kWSVLLVMLAN3 I,. 5B%WrnsIdUbpLLLLLAUrH rnML.n ULLshrhLU^4n nSLWu11414WN nJFU -11 D 'ZL#AS '9#AS tbn; ~ -6 (nG1Lh1LU) UGrLMLrrnL3;kll,6trGL'1 L4rii2grtalnLwuiA=LuniutnriW ;UU6LLrlg sRtnieS 5LWllg ; ILL,ZIAULWUI nI rIt S ;Jt 1, - nuuZ bsn _un I#AS bAS ULnLUblg11 ffLzUtpLUKrt4r,t'%kUL6U;iUGGLwGSwt.GwnDlL6,KqttrUrU L-6 omrt nU>unGLF.&ke nsiub,UKiwuimsuwnGin%nssn * r XIGN3ddV 1l10d3V IVNI IZ3rO 3Nn3ddSV WVIV VGA K0 V 3 EIA.OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J ASME CODE FOR PIPING A850 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF GAS TRANSMISSION FACILITIES A850.1 All provision of para.850.1 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A850.2 Basic Requirements All provisions of para.850.2 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A850.3 Essential Features of the Operating and Maintenance Plan The plan prescribed in para.850.2(a) shall include: (a) detailed plans and instructions for employees covering operating and maintenance procedures for gas facilities during normal operations and repairs; (b) items recommended for inclusion in the plan for specific classes of facilities which are given in paras. A851.2, A851.3, A851.4, A851.5, A851.6, and A861.2; (c) plans to give particular attention to those portions of the facilities presenting the greatest hazard to the public and environment in the event of an emergency or because of construction or extraordinary maintenance requirements; (d) provision for periodic inspections along the route of existing pipelines. A850.4 Essential Features of the Emergency Plan A850.41 Written Emergency Procedures All provisions of para.850.41 shall apply unless otherwise stated. ENVi00497148/APPEN-J2.D0C PAGE J-18 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PtPEUNE POJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J A850.42 Training Program All provisions of para.850.42 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A850.43 Liaison Each operating company shall establish and maintain liaison with available offshore fire fighting entities (public and/or privately owned) which might be designated for any particular offshore area. A850.44 Educational Program An educational program shall be established to enable producers and the general public operating in the offshore area to recognize and report a gas emergency to the appropriate officials. The educational program called for under this section should be tailored to the type of pipeline operation and the environment traversed by tne pipeiine and should be conducted in each language that is significant in the community served. Operators to transmission systems should communicate their programs to people, contractors, or others that usually work in the offshore area of concern. The programs of operators in the same area should be coordinated to properly direct -reports of emergencies and to avoid inconsistencies. A850.5 Pipeline Failure Investigation All provisions of para.850.5 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A850.6 Prevention of Accidental Ignition All provisions of para.850.6 shall apply unless otherwise stated. fNVIOD"7141APPEN4J2.OC PAGE J-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J A850.7 Blasting Effects Each operating company shall establish procedures for protection of facilities in the vicinity of blasting activities. The operating company shall: (1) locate and mark its pipeline when explosive are to be detonated within distance as specified in company plans. Consideration should be given to the marking of minimum blasting distances from the pipelines depending upon the type of blasting operation. (2) determine the necessity and extent of observing or monitoring blasting activities based upon the proximity of the blast considering the pipe materials, the operating conditions, the size of charge, and soil conditions; (3) consideration should be given to: (a) the effect of shock waves on the pipeline from blasting; (b) conducting a leak survey' following completion of the blasting program. A851 PIPELINE MAINTENANCE A851.1 Continuing Surveillance of Pipelines All provisions of para.851.1 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A851.2 Pipeline Patrolling Each operating company shall maintain a periodic pipeline patrolling program to observe conditions on and adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way, indication of leaks, construction activity other than that performed by the company, and any other than that performed by the company, and any other factors affecting the safety and operation of the pipeline. Records of these inspections shall be maintained for the life of the facility. ENV1040&71�4APKN-J2.DOC PAGE J-20 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J A851.3 Leakage Survey All provisions of para.851.3 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A851.4 Above Water and Hyperbaric Repair Procedures for Steel Pipelines All above water and hyperbaric repair procedures for steel pipelines shall conform to the requirements of para.851.4 as specified for pipelines operating at or above 40% of the specified minimum yield strength. A851.45 Offshore below Water Repair Procedures for Steel Pipelines Any offshore below water repair procedures shall conform to para.851.4 provisions for pipelines operating at or above 405 of the specified minimum yield strength. Repairs shouid be performed under qualified supervisionI by trained personnel aware of and familiar with the maintenance plan and operating conditions of the pipeline, the company's safety requirements, and the hazards to public safety and environment. Evacuation and repair operation should not result in imposed loads of deformations which would impair the integrity of the pipe materials, weight, or protective coating. The use of subsurface equipment equipped with cutters, ejectors, jets, or air suction systems should be carefully controlled and monitored in avoid damaging the pipe line, external coating, or cathodic protection system. When lifting or su porting pipe during repairs, the curvature of a pipe sag bend and overbend should be controlled and maintained within limits to minimize pipe coating damage, overstressing, denting or buckling during the repair operation, and lifting equipment should be selected accordingly. Wave and current loads should be considered in determining total imposed stresses and cyclical loads.in'both surface and subsurface repairs. ENVl0UM714WAPPEN.J2fM PAGE J-21 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J Personnel working on pipeline repairs should understand the need for careful job planning, be briefed on procedures to be followed in accomplishing repairs, and follow necessary prPrcuiitinnarv measutres ann procnmrPiires. When pipe is repaired, damaged coating should also be repaired. Replacement pipe and components shall be protected from corrosion. A851.46 Offshore Repair of Flexible Pipe Flexible pipe shall be repaired by replacement of the damaged section or other suitable tested repair methods. A851.5 Testing Repairs to Steel Pipelines Operating at Hoop Stress Levels at or above 40% of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength A851.51 Testing of Replacement Pipe Sections All provisions of para.851.51 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A851.52 Nondestructive Testing of Repairs, Gouges, Grooves, Dents, and Welds All provisions of para.851.52 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A851.6 Pipeline Markers and Signs Permanent markers are not required for offshore pipelines; however, suitable signs should be posted on platform to serve as a hazard area warning. Where appropriate, signs should display the operating company identification and emergency communication procedure. A851.8 Abandoning of Transmission Facilities All provisions of para.851.8 shall apply unless otherwise stated. ENV100497148/APPFNJ2.DaC PAGE J-22 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APKNDIX J A853 MISCELLANEOUS FACILITIES MAINTENANCE All provisions of para.853 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A854 LOCATION CLASS The concept of location class as expressed in para.854 does not apply to offshore pipelines. A856 PIPELINE SERVICE CONVERSIONS All provisions of para.856 shall apply unless otherwise stated. A860 CORROSION CONTROL OF OFFSHORE PIPELINES A861 CORROS!ON CONTROL - GENERAL A861.1 Scope This section contains the minimum additive or substitutive requirements and procedures for corrosion control of external and internal corrosion of offshore piping and components. Where specific provisions are not set forth herein, the provisions of para.860 shall apply. This section is applicable to the design and installation of new piping systems and to the operation and maintenance of existing piping systems. Other general requirements are prescribed in para.861. A861.2 Special Considerations Since offshore pipelines cannot be readily inspected after installation and there is the possibility of damage to the coating system, special consideration should be given to the selection, design, and application of corrosion control coatings, the cathodic protection system, and othe? corrosion design elements. fNVlOO14AMPPfIJ2DOC PAGE J-23 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J A862 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL A862.1 General Al' submerged steel pipe, valves, and related fittings shall be externally coated and cathodically protected. All above water. piping and components shall be protected from the particularly corrosive conditions of the salt water atmosphere and cyclic wetting and drying. A862.2 Coating Requirements for Submerged Pipe (1) Coating Design The design of coating systems for offshore installation should refiect the type of environment in which the facility is to be installed. Selection of the protective coating should be based upon: (a) low water-absorption; (b) compatibility with the type of cathodic protection to be applied to the system; (c) compatibility with the system operating temperature; (d) sufficient ductility to minimize detrimental cracking; (e) sufficient toughness to withstand damage during installation; (f) resistance to future deterioration in a submerged environment; and (g) each of repair. (2) Cleaning and Surface Preparation The surface preparation required in para.862.1 (a) may not be adequate for offshore piping systems. There may be additional requirements, such as a near white metal finish and an anchor pattern to promote a good bond for all epoxy:based thin film coatings. Welds should be inspected for irregularities which could protrude through the pipe coating, and any such irregularities should be removed. ENV100"9714WAPPEN-J2.DOC PAGE J-24 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECr FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J (3) Application and Inspection The coating should be applied under controlled conditions and have a high resistance to disbondment. Coating application and inspection shall be in accordance with paras.862.1 12(a) and (b). Further information can be obtained from NACE RP-06-75, Section 4. A holiday detector, suitable for the type of coating applied, shall be used to detect flaws. Flaws noted shail be repaired and retested. VWeights or weight coating shall not damage the protective coating during application or installation. (4) Coating for Weld Joints, Appurtenances, and Patching Weld joints and appurtenances shall be coated with material which is compatible with the basic coating. A holiday detector, designed for the type of field joint material applied, may be used to detect flaws and flaws shall be repaired and retested. (5) Field Inspection The pipe shall be visually inspected prior to installation to assure that unacceptable damage has not occurred during loading, welding, or other laying activities prior to submergence of the pipe. Any significant damage to the coating shall be repaired with material compatible with the pipeline coating. Care should be exercised to minimize damage to the coating system, particularly during laying and trenching of the pipe. A862.3 Splash Zone and Atmospheric Corrosion Control (1) The splash zone area, where the pipeline is intermittent wet and dry, shall be designed with additional -protection against corrosion. This shall be accomplished by one or more of the following: (a) special coating (b) special protective systems and techniques (c) other suitable measures, including selection of pipe material ENM748PPENAO PAGE,J-25 ENV1OO4S714WAPPEN.J2.DOC PAGE J-25 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J (2) Coatings and other protective systems shall be installed upon a properly prepared surface and in accordance with established specifications or manufacturer's recommend3tions. The c03tiny should resist %,ater action ntmAsnherir rdptpriorationn mechanical damage, and cathodic disbondment. A862.4 Cathodic Protection Requirements (1) Design Criteria An offshore facility is considered to be cathodically protected when it meets one or more of the criteria established in Appendix K. (2) Impressed Currents Where impressed current systems are used, the system shall be designed to minimize outages and the output shall be such that the design criterion is met. Also, consideration should be, given to minimize the interference effect on other pipeline or structures. (3) Galvanic Anodes Where galvanic anodes are used for protection, consideration shall be given to the quality of the coating (i.e., the percent of exposed pipe). Also, the design formula for the system should include the output of the anodes, the desired life of the system, anode material, and utilization efficiency. Anodes used should be compatible with the operating temperature of the pipeline and the marine environment. (4) Other Consideration should be given to the effects on cathodic protection of variation in oxygen content, temperature, and water/soil resistivity of the particular offshore environment in which the pipeline is installed. ENV10&97148/APPN.J2.DOC PAGE J-26 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J A862.5- Electrical Isolation Underwater pipeline systems shall be electrically isolated from other metallic structures so that cathodic protection can be effective. An exception can be made when both the foreign structure and the pipeline are designed to be protected as a unit. Other general considerations include: (1) Tie-ins Isolation from foreign pipelines at tie-ins may be made by the installation of insulation flanges, unions or other insulating devices. When making a tie-in of a coated line to a bare line, the two lines shall be electrically isolated. (2) Foreign Pipeline Crossing When crossing a foreign pipeline, care shall be exercised to assure adequate separation between the two lines so that the possibility for electrical interference is minimized. (3) Pipeline Riser Support and Secondary Piping When installing riser piping at platforms, supporting devices such as clamps and pipe supports shall isolate the piping from the structure. Insulating devices shall be installed where electrical isolation of a portion of the piping system from production piping, tanks, and other facilities is necessary to facilitate application of cathodic protection. Electrical interference between electrically isolated structures shall be minimized Wiring and piping connections to an isolated pipeline shall also have insulation between the pipeline and the platform. ENVI0049714VAP"EN-AJ2OC PAGE J-27 APPENDIX K ACTION PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN uuJilBuIT n-f-iNsrnu unlfT ul a.fuUli4ul 3J UUN 1. 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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE pftOJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN nrsv&i .rJu |u 2539 ; 2540 ; 2541 f 2542 n 2543 | 2544 | iQwlIW 3. nflmmoJuntitL1J1.ulfi 2.000.000I *u AtA9l Amusne1 uAthr1?1 dAu1Lfle4 . - -J -untenwhtu tPlnuml7n? - IJuu - -- -n-uu4u 4UlJ1f5nlr:s 1D10.000.000 (0#vlso4 -t IAWTAS I A ALS PAGE K-11 Z 9; (P -7 ;I ;2 C14 cc C- -m 43 C. o '7 C- C C -7 IL IL (P 1;2 id ui C- w tr Z Is - cv- F o (j3 -7 -7 0 E '5 ;2 -;Z. E < Z c- -7 c- f Lr cr rp.) c- (L r- aP C- cr 7(E C, C (r. C- C- C- C- E ;I A. C- c- C- C- C- Jr. C- (k. C- C- IP ;Z c;l C- C, 19 =s C I., c- C' a C P C, -7 A& -7 C- r&3 IC; m g C- S --.:I C- C (P C, CP (P A;r, C- C (E 63 ap C- )(r LI) t- C G3 2- (A (E c- (P ;I -;i;p 5z C- -7 C- C P m 0 (E -7 C c- C- C- (r. C- CP r, 0 - C; q o S P ZZ ;:I ;r II, c- 9; (_ 7 (E C- C- (a :s C- r- 1(- C C- N C .-7 P :5: c- (P TE C C lp C (R -7 o C- 14 'K C- -7 u ;2 C, C G3 (E I" (P ;2 c- C iq c- C- (r. (K -7 C C- C- C- c- is IC C C- G T. m ;2 43 C- V P C- t. 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E 9 C- )cr -7 LL g C- -7 C IF ;% 5;: ;% C- C- -7 P a ui 4p -7 17 C C C F CN cr C,4 in EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN 241r12 2.1-1 2539 10 10 2441 6 16 22 Filn4i 2.1-2 mIJlu 3Jm1irnLJu�un11iJ 2540 I 1rnU 19 S13j1U iiUf1Ln z3mWl-A ilnununLn 1 U&3 Mwn 400W000 nirpuyf ,000 2 udLlqf) 'h'l,tif 'bl?nlJ 400,000 3 -I.AbqIjmJ fl1L� ni 1puO 400,000 4 Twun'n3 InTiA IA nirUluJt 400,000 5 muol1j%wl T4nl?Luq'- 'I?Aflum m u9gui7 400,000 6 L1N'X4-Li?flJ$JNi 'fl?nLLu9 'IAtIf nicV�41UiT 400,000 2,400,000 ENV100449714&SEC-1AMOC PAGE K-15 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN 44 iri.rn 2.1-3 m3 u1uLJLflm13jrnL'un-li 2541 qU UU U 94M i5-uirunli 1 Llflf 9Nfj 400,000 2 - lLUUlJ 1JnMtm 9vlN fl9l4 400,000 3 4LwN eu u1'IunJ4w 400,000 4 iw.Je 3J fnli n)9�f 400,000 5 uJ.'1u JnPIfl fllJu1 400,000 6 UUL1f w1 ijLz! nirUn4y 400,000 2,400,000 ENV1QO4/9714B1SEC-t.DOC PAGE K-16 F117Sl4v 2.1-4 vi lflAn i�LLfSl:uiJZ�UJS c 2539 . 4ntu fud1l-3Jlng . ~~~~~~~~~U.lultU{4 U.qtUUU ut lmu u.TLruI U.fsInIu.114 u.10.) u.stitnu uAlnmig tlU f 1. nfj1J1nIufarnft 180,000 200,000 175,000 39.000 160.000 170,000 150,000 175,000 1.249,000 i - mittummefl-AnsUtim 10,000 - 25.000 39,000 30.000 10,000 50,000 25,000 189,000 - itialldnfitatmilim 20.000 . . 10,000 10,000 . 40,000 2 n f4jul quiitu 150,000 200,000 150,000 . 120,000 150,000 100.000 150,000 1.020,000 2. n4titOilAunll mlWldFAt . 10,000 64,000 20.000 30,000 4,000 70,000 30;000 . 228.000 - niLiUUnituR@nOtum 10,000 24,000 20,000 30,000 4,000 20,000 30.000 138,000 - ntl4U�flpJUJU . 40.000 50,000 90.000 t i 3. al.4nl1u:numuWA3 124,000 105,000 63,000 157,5C0 75,000 52.500 52,500 70,000 699,500 4. alftilfN4AM . 50.000 50,000 75,000 50000 . 225,000 5. ti1Iuqu? ^nh?tulut4�uu 25.000 20,000 25.000 35.00) 15,000 15 000 135,000 > 6. tnunitAnit . 80,000 80.003 50,000 30,000 30,000 50,000 320,000 z 7. nfluufnlpimnl'su . 15,00D 25,000 . 40,000 X x 8. f . 40.000 80,00D . . . 120,000 9. n, tsif4tfl r.3. 20,000 . . . 20,000 Z C) 0 m -4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~u329,000 415,000 367,000 476 500 425,000 346,500 352.500 325,000 3,036.500 m 2.1-5 M 0 WOUPMUDIJ-IAl54711594UqMn-I1g9UU-T 2539 o< .~~~~ D z V, V, z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 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Z t U3fl1t)J(Uti1L~Pl 83% 57% 82% 80% 73% 66% 80% 78Yo zO r ... ..Z_4 00 z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN -J Fl1s41A 2.1-6 fiiliJnfSud'llTlfzNrrnL 2539 nSntfS ~~~~4U2JaNU3'n 1SJ 1. nfl-BfAAUMLlniivi 220,000 150,000 370.000 m AnmnEgj?94 / u 45,000 45,000 - wl1ifiOR 25,000 300,000 - iviuL juLQJU 150,000 150,000 20.000 2. nlrniLfulnflVnflemT I 20,000 20,000 - nti3Afnti. 20,000 84,000 3. qT1lM11U;Lninui 24,000 60,000 50,000 4. P1WU lnR1N- *tfl; 25,000 25,000 30,000 5. aumfulfifnTrUlmiaUU 30,000 55,000 6. muniT4lt - 30,000 25,000 - 20,000 7. f9 ?4fJ1fl'-l14 20,000 35,000 B. n9D-vAuf4lj1mnm`urnnqu 35,000 25,000 9. fiJnulu?luTlh1 25,000 379,000 310,000 689,000 ENV1007149SEC-IDOC PAGE K-19 EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN F1nsn4n 2.1-7 iius"ntR nli' 4 s111�U lN..2539 1flUfl�J/%fl | n3JPf /l [ UQ 'fUlSvfl /06 ifl, lUVD u" qlUQU^fQL;tU ~~~~159 117 iSlnS ~~~~~~~981 514 ~11J 480 269 501 245 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 25,000 20,000 I,4UX - 1ISt.lUUfU,9M wunnJal> (\tS) 9,621 30,000 'AufnlLflitm () 6,975 6,500 -m-tinivn'lislof) (n3j.) 20 43 78% 92% ENV1004A714alSEC- .DOC PAGE K-20 Z C C- -7 w ;3 w IL CL z .(P ;2 rh C- 64 C- C' C IF ;21 P c- 3 C- c- c- T. aic- C-Ap C- C -7 -7 -7 C P t- Q3 C- C r C- C- C- -7 63 C- C- -0 Jr G3 -c- C C C C oig -7 G2 iq -1;2 CD r- .4& 9 C- c- (j3 0 =S m -10 C- (P 4c zi ;2 5 q, ap C- Ag c- C, ir, ;2 C- p -.:I -- a -7 I;9 IC E a(s 7 al;j N- 9 p _]- CO 3- ;I :2 4p IE ;I C =2 F C ;2 sz, *C: C 43 ;3 C ):I c- C 7p t. 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CAp a iC ' 0 F - C-- c C- cc c-c.P .7 (p='~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .7 ~~~~~~~~- C- C-7 C-C' a- 1K~~~~K,C AT ~ IT - 4 C-G3 G p - C 0 a(r.C C~. V 4 C, .; C * -1K - C- ( C' Ccc- (K IN (F C- S:' C. C cca -CrC . cr C C -1K 4( ~ ~ 4 c c' C-0 IL (P C- J-7 C Z C r 9 C- 0. al- 0' C_KC C- - - I c 47 P - F2 c 1K 1 a~~ 0' 0' 0' 0. ~~~~~~~~~~~- 1 ~ ~ ~ ~~ _: IK c.c C- - C- C- C 4K (I- C.7.- Z C- C- 2C, -S C- C- C C-07 ; . IL C-4 ;(D4CCC- ,7 C- C- ;,v a. ' c17C C C C ,2 60' 3C-7 C IL (K~~~~c- (rC 0 4K F~~~P Q F C LU c-'J ~~~~~~~~~~c-C' C EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PRO:JECT FINAL REPORT APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN 9.6 4lllJS_rlu 9.6.1 Rpisu JiuFuIfslim aufLLMV4 s�ulu sQN UiWA�J/L9ul3�u Au/LPgu (1JIV) 1. Q-%,uivnlqiXuS4 fle:j 178,000 1.50 269,000 2. 94,000 5.00 470,000 3. i%LVPflJ 60.000 4.00 240,000 977,000 9.6.2 %q91J1T (1) A1lisimJ1i9zi-ilAfn 1,000 1lj1V4U x 180 u = 180,000 i2n (2) ii1L&1Mt 2,000 1jlVI/ITU x 80 5U 160,000 invi (3) P1isfil 2.000 121I'A/iU x 12 Lhu = 24.000 11n1 (4) Fi 1.ifll?L diieun1rnri 4 flMU f): 6 flS- 'Afln 2 lPStuV I 4 5 Pfl- 10,000 Jl11/flfi x 6 flf4 600,000 12111 (5) f 94fl77UJSU4 = 15,000 121 (6) l = 300,000 1211 Lnfl41Jfl17-ne nli4 1 191tAfmlulunJWil^113 (7_ eEiRx6iLu91v 2 fl = 3,888,570 12111 - 6,144,570 1J211 9.7 1�JIU1'EU EVvloo&f71A&SEC 7 DOC PAGE K-74 z -7 aM tn cr Mh c:__ r- 0 =2 0 1 9L CL 0. c cc C- c__ 0 _3 r_ c- c-c < Z 3 C- a. C- rp3 t- imi C, C, C, -7 (re C, C- C- m -IP v F, C; C 0 Ala ikup x -fc CE :T :;2 _17 a V, z 5__ =S LU 87 -7 G. 9L m C- r C ;2 r C- C- C C- r, C- C- C- C- C- CL C ;2 C- C- C C C C C C C C C C C IE T tQ a ;I ;z a a " ;z - ;z WI )I &_ * Cr. *. 0 " C . " C I " C C- &I GI 4t. 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