A4
E-235 VOL. 6
KINGDOM OF THAILAND
THE PET ROLEUM AUTHORITY 'OF THAILAND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF
YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT
EGAT - INVESTMENT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROJECT
(WORLD BANK PARTIAL CREDIT GUARANTEE)
FINAL REPORT
MAIN REPORT
PREPARED BY
V\TEAM CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO., LTD.
APRIL 1997



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15 TEAM
CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO.,LTD.
Our Ref: ENV/1004/970971
April 21, 1997
Mr. Sompong Tantisuwanitchayakul
Project Director
YADANA Gas Pipeline Project
The Petroleum Authority of Thailand
555 Vibhavadi-Randsit Road
Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Re:  Final Report for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Natural Gas
Pipeline from YADANA field to Ratchaburi Power Plant.
Dear Sir,
It is our pleasure to submit herewith 15 c-opies of the Main Report and the
Summary Report for the Environmental Impact Assessment of. This report has been
prepared according to the Contract No.PTT/GAS/3/9/38.
The study team has made its best efforts in conducting this studv such that
all the problem areas could be investigated and evaluated to the maxinum extent. We
hope that this study will lead to the optimization between resource utilization/commitment
and the benefits to be gained bv the implementation of the project.
During the course of this study, we had been given all the needed suDpor!s
and cooperation from PTT, including review and comments on the final report wvhich
submitted earlier. We would like to express our sincere gratitudes for these kind
cooperation and assistance.
Sincerely yours,
Amnat Prommasutra
Executive Director
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
FINAL REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF
NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT FROM
TIE-IN-POINT AT BAN I-TONG TO RATCHABURI POWER PLANT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER 1:   INTRODUCTION
1.1      PROJECT BACKGROUND                                               1-1
1.2      OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY                                1-1
CHAPTER 2:    PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1      CONSIDERATION ON ALTERNATIVE ROUTES                              2-1
2.1.1       Introduction                                                  2-1
2.1.2        Factors Considered in the Preliminary Environmental Evaluation  2-1
2.1.3        Ranking of Alignment Alternatives                            2-5
2.1.4        Environmental Qualities Found Along with the Alignment of
Natural Gas Pipeline                                         2-8
2.1.4.1          Alternative 1                                            2-8
2.1.4.2          Alternative 2                                            2-9
2.1.4.3          Alternative 3                                            2-10
2.1.5        Selection Process on the Natural Gas Pipeline Alignment Alternatives 2-10
2.2      PIPELINE FACILITIES                                              2-13
2.2.1        Pipeline Design                                              2-20
2.2.2        Cathodic Protection                                           2-20
2.3      PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION METHOD                                      2-20
2.3.1        Normal Construction Procedure                                 2-20
ENV10047125:0NTENT.DOC                                                    PAGE i



c_~~~~~  ~~~        9,V *|-S*l rn...,c.                          r$er.,, ncrtjn 
PAGE
CHAPTER 2:    PROJECT DESCRIPTION (Cont'd)
2.3.2        Pipeline Construction on Hilly Area                            2-27
2.3.2.1          Temporary Erosion Control Measures                         2-27
2.3.2.2          Permanent Erosion Control Measures                         2-28
2.3.2.3          Earthquake Design                                          2-33
2.3.2.4           Erosion Measures                                          2-36
2.4      PIPELINE OPERATIONS                                                2-47
2.4.1        Gas Transmission Facilities                                    2-47
2.4.2        Pipeline Markers                                               2-47
2.4.3        Gas Leak Control                                               2-47
2.4.4        Operations Schedule                                            2-48
2.5       OVERALL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM                            2-48
2.5.1        Construction Stage                                             2-48
2.5.2        Operation Stage                                                2-48
2.5.3        Engineering Plan                                               2-48
2.6      FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS                                    2-50
2.6.1        Financial Analysis                                             2-50
2.6.2        Economic Analysis                                              2-50
2.6.3        Effects of Environmental Monitoring Cost on Finance and Economic  2-50
2.6.3.1           Effects on Financial Ratio                                2-50
2.6.3.2          Effects on Economical Ratio                                2-50
CHAPTER 3:    EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
3.1      TOPOGRAPHY/GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY                                      3-1
3.1.1        Introduction                                                   31
3.1.2        Methodology                                                    3-1
3.1.3        Results of the Study                                           3-1
ENV100?122S/CONMNT=DOC                                                     PAGE ii



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                         FINAL REPORT
PAGE
CHAPTER 3:    EXISTiNG ENVIRONAvIENT A'L   I0L'nIr.!O  (Cont'd!
3.1.3.1         Topography.                                             3-1
3.1.3.2         Geology                                                 3-2
3.1.3.3         Seismology                                              3-4
3.2      HYDROLOGY                                                      3-12
3.2.1        Data Collection and Analysis                               3-12
3.2.2        Results of the Study                                       3-13
3.3     WATER QUALITY                                                   3-22
3.3.1       Introduction                                                3-22
3.3.2        Study Methodology and Description of the Sampling Stations  3-22
3.3.2.1         Methodology                                             3-22
3.3.2.2         Description of Sampling Stations                        3-24
3.3.3        Results of the Stuay                                       3-26
3.4      AQUATIC ECOLOGY                                                3-29
3.4.1       Introduction                                                3-29
3.4.2        Methodology                                                3-29
3.4.2.1          Plankton Sample Collection                             3-29
3.4.2.2          Benthic Sample Collection                              3-32
3.4.3        Results of the Study                                       3-32
3.4.3.1         Plankton Organisms                                      3-32
3.4.3.2         Benthic Organisms                                       3-32
3.5      SOIL                                                           3-34
3.5.1       Introduction                                                3-34
3.5.2        Study Methodology                                          3-34
3.5.3        Results of the Study                                       3-36
3.5.3.1          Morphological Features and Soil Series                 3-36
3.5.3.2         Soil Preperties                                         3-37
ENV1004/97126/CONTENT.DOC                                              PAGE iii



CIA Lit- YAUANA NAIUtUAL UAb PIPELINE PHUJEtI                     FINAL REPORT
PAGE
CHAPTER 3:   EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (Cont'd)
3.5.3.3         Soil Erosion                                           3-38
3.6      FORESTRY                                                      339
3.6.1        Objectives                                                3-39
3.6.2       Scopes of Study                                            3-39
3.6.3       Methodology                                                3-40
3.6.3.1         Detailed Study                                         3-40
3.6.3.2         Sampling Piot Sizes                                    3-40
3.6.3.3         Data Collection                                        3-41
3.6.4       Results of the Study                                       3-42
3.6.4.1         Literature Review                                      3-42
3.6.4.2         Field Survey Results                                   3-45
3.6.4.3         Tree Densities and Wood Volumes                        3-48
3.6.4.4         Timber Value                                           3-50
3.6.4.5         Future Timber Values                                   3-52
3.6.4.6         Ecological Values of Forest                            3-54
3.6.4.7         Conservation Value                                     3-57
3.7      WILDLIFE                                                      3-57
3.7.1        Objective                                                 3-57
3.7.2       Scope of Study                                             3-58
3.7.3       Methodology                                                3-58
3.7.4       Results of the Study                                       3-60
3.7.4.1         Secondary Data Compilation                             3-60
3.7.4.2         Species Diversity and Local Distribution               3-62
3.7.4.3         Wildlde Abundance                                      3-66
3.7.4.4         WARPA Status                                           3-71
3.7.4.5         Wildlife Status                                        3-74
ENVI004J2WC0NTENTZOC                                                  PAGE iv



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                         FINAL REPORT
PAGE
CHAPTER 3:   EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (Cont'd)
3.7.4.6         Migration Tendency of Wildlife                          3-76
3.7.4.7         Wildlife Habitats                                       3-79
3.7.4.8         VVildlife Foodplants                                    3-81
3.7.4.9         Problems Confronting the Wildlife                       3-82
3.8      LAND USE                                                       3-83
3.8.1       Introduction                                                3-83
3.8.2       Study Methodology                                           3-84
3.8.3        Results of the Study                                       3-84
3.8.3.1         Residential Area                                        3-85
3.8.3.2         Agricultural Area                                       3-85
3.8.3.3         Forestry                                                3-85
.8.^  A       fl4r.r.-
3.8.3.4         hiel                                                    3-85
3.8.3.5         Water Body                                              3-86
3.8.4       Watershed Classification                                    3-86
3.9      TRANSPORTATION                                                 3-90
3.9.1       Introduction                                                3-90
3.9.2        Study Methodology                                          3-90
3.9.3        Results of the Study                                       3-90
3.10     COMPENSATION                                                   3-97
3.10.1      Introduction                                                3-97
3.10.2      Study Methodology                                           3-97
3.10.3       Results of the Study                                       3-97
3.10.4      The Processes of Compensation                               3-109
3.11     SOCIO-ECONOMIC                                                 3-111
3.11.1      Objectives                                                  3-111
3.11.2      Scope of the Study                                          3-111
3.11.3       Methods of the Study                                       3-111
ENV100497125/CONTENr.DOC                                               PAGE v



PAGE
CHAPTER 3:    EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (Cont'd)
3.11.4       Results of the Study                                        3-116
3.11.4.1         Overview of the Project Area                            3-116
3.11.4.2         Household Study                                         3-119
3.11.4.3        In-depth Study                                           3-119
3.12     PUBLIC HEALTH                                                   3-124
3.12.1      Introduction                                                 3-126
3.12.2       Objectives                                                  3-127
3.12.3       Method of Study and Scope                                   3-127
3.12.4       Results of the Study                                        3-127
3.13     ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE                                3-130
3.13.1      Introduction                                                 3-130
3.13.2       Results of the Study                                        3-130
3.14     AESTHETIC AND TOURISM                                           3-134
3.14.1      Introduction                                                 3-134
3.14.2       Results of the Study                                        3-134
CHAPTER 4:  MAJOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT
4.1      INTRODUCTION                                                    4-1
4.2      METHODOLOGY                                                     4-5
4.2.1        Hazard Identification                                       4-5
4.2.2        Quantrtative Analysis                                       4-9
4.3      RESULT OF HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT                                  4-13
4.4      HAZARD REDUCTION                                                4-16
4.4.1       Improve Shut-Down System                                     4-16
4.4.2        Reduc-tion nf impact                                        4-20
4.4.3        Reduction of Risk                                           4-20
4.5      SUMMARY OF MAJOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT                              4-20
ENV1804,V725W0NTINTDOC                                                 PAGE vi



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
PAGE
CHAPTER 5:    ENVIRONMv.ENTAL IMPPACT ASSESSMENTS
5.1      GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY                                               5-1
5.1.1        Construction and Operation Periods                           5-1
5.2      HYDROLOGY AND EROSION                                            5-3
5.2.1        Construction Period                                          5-3
5.2.2        Operation Period                                             5-9
5.3      WATER QUALITY                                                    5-9
5.3.1        Construction Period                                          5-9
5.3.2        Operation Period                                             5-15
5.4      AQUATIC ECOLOGY                                                  5-16
5.4.1        Construction Period                                          5-16
5.4.2        Operation Period                                             5-19
5.5      SiL                                                              5-19
5.5.1        Construction Period                                          5-19
5.5.2        Operation Period                                             5-20
5.6      FORESTRY                                                         5-20
5.6.1        Construction Period                                          5-20
5.6.2        Operation Period                                             5-21
5.6.3        Without Project Development                                  5-21
5.7      WILDLIFE                                                         5-23
5.7.1        Construction Period                                          5-23
5.7.2        Post-construction Period                                     5-28
5.8      LAND USE                                                         5-28
5.8.1        Construction Period                                          5-28
5.8.2        Operation Period                                              5-29
5.9      TRANSPORTATION                                                    5-30
5.9.1        Effect on Road Network                                        5-30
ENV1004A9712/CoNNTMDOC                                                   PAGE vii



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL MhtUI I
PAGE
CHAPTER 5:    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (Cont'd)
5.9.1.1          Construction Period                                       5-30
5.9.1.2          Operation Period                                          5-31
5.9.2        Effect on Navigation                                          5-31
5.9.2.1          Construction Period                                       5-31
5.9.2.2          Operation Period                                          5-31
5.10     COMPENSATION                                                      5-31
5.10.1       Construction Period                                           5-31
5.10.2       Operation Period                                              5-32
5.11     SOCIO-ECONOMIC                                                    5-32
5.11.1       Construction Period                                           5-32
5.11.2       Operation Period                                              5-34
5.12     PUBLIC HEALTH                                                     5-35
5.12.1       Construction Period                                           5-35
5.12.2       Operation Period                                              5-36
5.13     OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH/SAFETY                                        5-36
5.13.1       Construction Period                                           5-36
5.13.2       Operation Period                                              5-36
5.14     ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE                                  5-37
5.15     AESTHETIC AND TOURISM                                             5-37
CHAPTER 6:  MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
6.1      INTRODUCTION                                                      6-1
6.2      MITIGATION MEASURES                                               61
6.2.1        Geology / Seismology                                          6-1
6.2.1.1           Construction Period                                       6-1
ENVlO4a7t25CONMENT.DOC                                                  PAGE viii



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                         FINAL REPORT
PAGE
CHAPTER 6:   MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT (Cont'd)
6.2.1.2         Operation Period                                        6-1
6.2.2        Hydrology                                                  &17
6.2.2.1         Construction Period                                     6-17
6.2.2.2         Operation Period                                        617
6.2.3       Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology                             C-17
6.2.3.1         Construction Period                                     617
6.2.3.2         Operation Period                                        6-18
6.2.4       Soils                                                       6-18
6.2.4.1         Construction Period                                     6-18
6.2.4.2         Operation Period                                        6-19
6.2.5        Forestry                                                   6-19
6.2.5.1         Construction Period                                     6-19
6.2.5.2         Operation Period                                        6-20
6.2.6       Wildlife                                                    6-20
6.2.6.1         Construction Period                                     6-20
6.2.6.2         Post-construction Period                                6-21
6.2.7        Land Use                                                   6-21
6.2.7.1         Construction Period                                     6-21
6.2.7.2         Operation Period                                        6-21
6.2.8       Transportation                                              6-22
6.2.8.1         Construction Period                                     6-22
6.2.8.2         Operation Period                                        6-22
6.2.9       Compensation                                                6-23
6.2.9.1         Construction Period                                     6-23
6.2.9.2         Operation Period                                        6-23
ENV10047I126/CONTENT.OoC                                              PAGE ix



-~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. -�I -                                   rwiLu  neruri a
PAGE
CHAPTER 6:    MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT (Cont'd)
6.2.10       Socio-Economic                                              6-23
6.2.10.1        Construction Period                                      6-23
6.2.10.2         Operation Period                                        6-24
6.2.11       Public Health                                               6-25
6.2.11.1        Construction Period                                      6-25
6.2.11.2        Operation Period                                         6-25
6.3      ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT                             6-26
6.3.1        PTT Safety Policy                                           6-26
6.3.2        Operating and Maintenance on Safety of Gas Transmission Facilities  6-27
6.3.3        Environmental and Safety Training                           6-28
6.3.4        Recommendations                                             6-28
CHAPTER 7:  ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS
7.1      OBJECTIVE                                                       7-1
7.2      GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY                                              7-1
7.2.1        Construction Period/Operation Period                        7-1
7.3      WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC BIOLOGY                                 7-6
7.4      FORESTRY                                                        7-7
7.4.1        Construction Period                                         7-7
7.4.2        Operation Period                                            7-7
7.5      WILDLIFE                                                        7-8
7.5.1        Construction Period                                         7-8
7.5.2        Operation Period                                            7-9
7.6      SOIL                                                            7-9
7.6.1        Construction Period                                         7-9
ENV100W4I125CONTEFIT.OC                                                 PAGE x



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
PAGE
CHAPTER 7 :ENVIRONMENTAL MONiTORING PROGRAMS (Contd)
7.6.2        Operation Period                                              7-9
7.7      LAND USE                                                          7-10
7.7.1        Construction Period                                           7-10
7.7.2        Operation Period                                              7-10
7.8      COMPENSATION                                                      7-10
7.8.1        Construction Period                                           7-10
7.8.2        Operation Period                                              7-10
7.9      SOCIO-ECONOMIC                                                    7-10
7.9.1        Construction and Operation Periods                            7-10
7.10     TRANSPORTATION                                                    7-12
7.11     PUBLIC HEALTH/OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY                                 7-12
7.12     CONCLUSIONS                                                       7-13
Appendix A       The Detail of Site Selection
Appendix B       The Results of Soils Study
Appendix C       The Results of Forest Inventory
Appendix D       The Results of Wildlife Inventory
Appendix E       The Details of Each Land Use Type
Appendix F       The Results of Compensation Study
Appendix G       List of Key-informant for In-depth Interview
Details of Questionnaires for Socio-economics Study
Appendix H       The Results of Public Health Study
Appendix I       Detail for Hazardous Assessment
Appendix J       Emergency Plan ASME Code for Piping
Appendix K       Action Plan for Environmental Mitigation Measures and
Environmental Development of Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Project
ENV1004j9712S/C0NENT.0OC                                                  PAGE xi



LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE                                                                    PAGE
2.1-1    The Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Altematives for Consideration      2-2
2.1-2    The Alternatives Gas Pipeline Pass Thru Watershed Classification Area    2-11
2.1-3    The Alternatives Gas Pipeline Pass Thru National Reserved Forest Area    2-14
2.2-1    The Proposed Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline                           2-17
2.3-1    Paved Rural Road Crossings                                         2-15
2.3-2    Directional Drilling Method                                        2-26
2.3-3    Soft / Ditch Plugs                                                 2-29
2.3-4    Soft / Ditch Plugs with Berm                                       2-30
2.3-5    Steep Slope - Typical Construction Layout                          2-31
2.3-6    Drainage System                                                    2-32
2.3-7    Typical Construction in 20 m Right of Way                          2-34
2.3-8    Typical Construction in 30 m Right of Way                          2-35
2.3-9    Typical Grading Cross-Section at Side Stepes                       2-37
2.3-10    Side Slope Terracing                                              2-39
2.3-11    Typical Grading Cross-Section at Side Slope Two-Toning Techniques  241
2.3-12    Example of Riprap Application                                     2-43
2.3-13    Hard Plugs                                                        2-46
2.5-1    An Overview of the Project Implementation Plant for the Gas Pipeline  2-49
3.1-1    The Geological Map of Western Thailand Along Gas Pipeline          3-3
3.1-2    Seismic Source Zone of Burma, Thailand and Indochina
(After Nutalaya et.al, 1985)                                       3-5
3.1-3    The Major Faults Zone in Thailand                                  3-6
3.1-4    The Epicenter of Earthquake in Thailand                            3-8
3.1-5    Maximum Earthquake Intensity Map of Thailand and Adjacent Areas    3-9
3.2-1    Mean Annual Rainfall in Westem Part of Thailand (mm) Period 1952-1990  3-16
ENV10"725X0NTENTh.DOC                                                     PAGE xii



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
FIGURE                                                                    PAGE
3.2-2    Depth-Duration-Frequency-Curves at K22A (1966-1983)               3-17
3.2-3    The Dry Season Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve at K22.A (1966-1991) 3-19
3.3-1    The Water Quality Aquatic Ecology Sampling Station                3-25
3.9-1    The Existing Road Network                                         3-91
3.10-1    Model M 1                                                        3-101
3.10-2    Model M 2                                                        3-102
3.10-3    Model M 3                                                        3-103
3.10-4    Model M 4                                                        3-104
3.10-5    Model M 5                                                        3-105
3.10-6    Model M 6                                                        3-106
3.10-7    Model M 7                                                        3-107
3.11-1    The Villages of Socio-economic Interviewed                       3-112
3.13 1    Ar-haeologirl  Qh.es Along the Natural Gas Pipeline              3-131
3.14-1    Tourist Attractives Sites Along the Natural Gas Pipeline         3-135
4.1-1    Hazard Tree for Generalized Production Facility                   4-4
4.2-1    Flammable Gas Event Tree                                          4-6
4.2-2    Gas Releases Event Tree                                           4-7
5.1-1    Plot of Calculated Maximum Ground Acceleration at the Site Against
Epicentral Distances for Earthquake Magnitudes in the Range 4.00 to 8.00 5-2
5.2-1    Sub-Watershed of Watershed Class 1 A and 1B Along the
Natural Gas Pipeline                                              5-5
5.3-1    Wet Crossing                                                      5-11
5.3-2    Watercourse Boring Method                                         5-14
5.4-1    Wet Crossing                                                       5-17
5.4-2    Watercourse Boring Method                                          5-18
5.6-1    The Position of the Natural Gas Pipeline Pass Thru Sai Yok National Park  5-22
ENVo0047126X/CONTET.DOC                                                  PAGE xiii



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE                                                                    PAGE
2.1-1    Environmental Factors to be Considered Along with the Natural Gas
Pipeline Alignments                                              2-6
2.1-2    Preliminary Results of Selection on the Natural Gas Pipeline Alignment
Alternatives                                                     2-11
2.3-1    Riprap Installation                                              2-44
3.1-1    Selected Earthquakes of Magnitude Over 4.0 in Western Thailand Region
(Data Source: Department of Meteorology)                         3-7
3.1-2    Modified Mercalli Scale of Earthquake Intensity                  3-10
3.2-1    The Results of Meteorological Data                               3-14
3.2-2    Dry Season Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency of Station K22A
Huai Mae Nam Noi, A. Sai Yok                                     3-18
3.2-3    List of Sediment Station, Drainage Area and Mean Annual Suspended
Sediment of Mae Klong River Basin                                3-21
3.3-1    Concerned Characteristics of Water Samples                        3-23
3.3-2    Water Quality Along the Pipeline Route, June 8-1 1, 1995         3-30
3.3-3    Surface Water Quality by ONEB: Classification and Objectives     3-31
3.4-1    Species Composition and Abundances of Plankton Organisms at
Four Sampling Stations along the Gas Pipeline Route, June 8-11, 1995    3-33
3.4-2    Abundance of Benthic Organisms at Four Sampling Stations along the
Gas Pipeline Route, June 8-11, 1995                              3-35
3.6-1    Comparisons of Kanchanaburi's Forest Areas with Those of Combined
Cfentra and Western Region, and of Thailand 'B.'. 2525-2536)     3-43
3.6-2    Protected Areas of Kanchanaburi                                   3.46
3.6-3    Density of Vegetations Along Pipeline Route                       3-49
ENV1004ff7125/CoNTENT.00C                                               PAGE xiv



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
TABLE                                                                     PAGE
3.6-4    The Calculation of the Timber Values                               -53
3.6-5    The Future Timber Values                                          3-55
3.8-1    Land Use Types and Area Along Gas Pipeline                        3-87
3.8-2    Locations Soil and Land Use of Watershed Class 1A                 3-88
3.8-3    Locations Soils and Land Use of Watershed Class 1B                3-89
3.9-1    Average Annual Daily Traffic Volume on Five Major Routes
During 1992-1994                                                  3-94
3.9-2    Percentage of Average Annual Daily Traffic Volume
Between Light Vehicles and Heavy Vehicles on Major Routes         3-95
3.10-1    Potential Land Price in 1996-2000                                3-99
3.10-2    Land Value in the Project Area (20 Meters Wide)                  3-100
3.10-3    Housing Pattems Along the Pipeline Route                         3-108
3.10-4   The Value of Crop Compensation                                    a-11
3.11-1    Number of Household Classified by Affected Village               3-115
4.1-1    Composition of Natural Gas from Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Project  4-2
4.1-2    Characteristic of Natural Gas                                     4-3
4.2-1    The Criteria for Damage to People and Property from Fire          4-10
4.2-2    Input Data for Hazard Evaluation                                  4-11
4.2-3    Gas Outflow of the Pipeline Leak Rate at 20% and 100% of
Pipe Diameter                                                     4-12
4.3-1    The Distance from the Center of the Fireball at Radiation Flux (Metre)    4-14
4.3-2    The Distance of Radiation Flux from a Particular Point in the Flame of
Jet Fire to a Receptor                                            4-15
4.3-3    The Maximum Radius of Flash Fire in Adiabatic Expansion           4-17
4.34     The Maximum Distance of Flash Fire in Jet Dispersion              4-18
4.3-5    Summary for Hazardous Assessment                                  4-19
ENV100419712�/CONIENT.D0C                                                PAGE xv



------                _, ,_,^.,5 ,.............._ _   ___  ___.INAL KMttUKT
TABLE                                                                          PAGE
5.2-1     Representative Rates of Erosion from Various Land Uses                57
5.2-2     Estimated Sediment Load Due to On-Site Erosion                        5-8
5.3-1    Water Quality in Khlong Phra Ong Chao Chiyanuchit                      5-12
6.1-1     Summary of Potential Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measure      6-2
7.1-1    The Environmental Monitoring Program for Natural Gas Pipeline Project   7-2
ENV1004712S/C0NTENT.OOC                                                      PAGE xvi



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
LIST OF PHOTOS
PHOTO                                                                     PAGE
3.3-1    The Condition of Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology Sampling
Station 1 and 2                                                   3-27
3.3-2    The Condition of Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology Sampling
Station 3 and 4                                                   3-28
3.11-1    Socio-Economic / Attitude Interviewed                            3-117
3.11-2    Key Information for In-depth Interview                           3-118
ENV100417126/CONTENT.DOC                                                 PAGE xvii



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                         FINAL REPORT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1      PROJECT BACKGROUND
The energy demand in Thailand is rapidly increased in the last decade.
Concerning the demand for natural gas, it has been forecasted to increase from 350
MMCFD in the year 1986 to 2000 MMCFD by the year 2001. To achieve the increasing
requirement and the necessity of supplying adequate natural gas for the country needs, PTT
has decided To import natural gas from the neighbouring country such as Myanrnar. PIT
has engaged TEAM Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd. to prepare the environmental impact
assessment report for the natural gas pipeline from Yadana Field.
The initial environmental evaluation of this natural gas pipeline project was
undertaken in 1994. The studied parameters for the Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) include water quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, soil and erosion, land use,
transportation, socio-economic, and hazardous assessment. Thus, the content of this EIA
will be emphasized on the above aspects.
1.2      OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of this study are to prepare the EIA report, and to develop
mitigation measures along with its program for this project.
The specific objectives of the study are:
(1) To investigate and describe the existing characteristics, quality, and value of
the concerned environmental resources of the study area.
(2) To characterize the environmental aspects that would be affected by the
implementation of the proposed project.
ENV1OCAR712S)CHAP-1.DOC                                               PAGE 1-1



riL' ur TAWYML)  MIVd I'fi ufl . 3^Q r,LIIr rmuJ.Jc.% i                       FINAL REPORT
(3) To evaluate and forecast the short-term and long-term impacts of the
proposed project upon the environmental resources and values, and to define the degree of
significance and magnitude of the predicted impacts.
(4) To  make  recommendations on short-term  and  lona-term  measures to
prevent or mitigate the adverse effects and/or to maximize the positive results of the
proposed project.
(5) To recommend the appropriate environmental monitoring programs, base on
the results, for the proposed project during operation.
ENV100471261CHAP-t.OOC                                                           PAGE 1-2



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                          FINAL REPORT
CHAPTER 2
PROjECT DESCRIPTiON
2.1      CONSIDERATION ON ALTERNATIVE ROUTES
2.1.1    Introduction
During preliminary surveys and field observations, three potential altemative
routes of the natural gas transmission pipeline connecting between Ban I-Tong, Tambon
Pilog, Amphoe Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi Province, and Amphoe Muang, Ratchaburi
Province were investigated. Three possible routes have been identified as Alternative 1, 2,
and 3 with the approximate routes are shown in Figure 2.1-1. The most appropriate
alignment of pipeline systems was selected based on the level of environmental impact and
was subsequently studied for more details.
2.1.2    Factors Considered in the Preliminary Environmental Evaluation
Various environmental factors such as forest ecology, wildlife, communities,
water quality, transportation, and archaeological sites, etc. along the transmission pipeline
would be directly affected by the project development. Therefore, it is necessary to
consider the level of impact on these receptors at the beginning stage of the natural gas
transmission pipeline project. Major environmental impacts being taken into consideration
are described as follows:
(1) Socio-economic impacts comprise mostly of relocation and disturbance on
community during construction period. The alignment passed through the community is the
main cause of losses in community farmland. Larger portion of alignment passing through,
more impact of socio-economic change to that community.
ENV100AS7125/CHAP-2.00C                                                PAGE 2-1



S                                                                                                                                                           0~~~~~~S*"
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p'  ai.., ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                    I~~J  ~                            GRAPH)C SCALE
7;                                               z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
inn 
-  z                    -                                         -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
002~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
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FIGURE 2.1-1   THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALTERNATIVES FOR CONSIDERATION (Cont'd)
w                                                                                                                          s 



Is  1.                                                                                                                                   N
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N                          VA-                                                                     . i                                                            (AL
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Or                                                                                                                                                               GRAPHIC SCALE
T
rwi j.k_A,         4' 'k
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GAS PIPELM ROUTF
v
6  I,  ,           , 'I               v
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FIGURE 2.1-1  THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALTERNATIVES FOR CONSIDERATION (Cont'd)                                                                                                       M
ER  0



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                               FINAL REPORT
(2) Impacts on forest resources and wildlife habitats are considered in term of
adverse effect on some sensitive areas such as on forest reservation zone, on watershed
class 1-A area, on source of food for wild animals, and on animals' roaming area, etc. The
alignment which causes less impacts on these sensitive areas has higher potential for
development.
(3) Impacts on surface water hydrology: quality of aquatic ecology must be
studied in term of increasing sediment, changes in direction of water flow, and
contamination of oil and lubricant. The alignment which passes small number of rivers.
canals, or water resources is more likely suitable to be developed.
(4) Impacts on local transportation: the alignment which cuts across more roads
or local tracts causing more inconvenience in transportation of local people during
construction period is to be considered as having lower development potential.
(5) Impacts on aesthetic and cultural values: The pipeline alignment which
passes through or side temples, re.igiouss places. historical buildings, or archeological sites
would cause more significant impacts than those which do not pass through the aesthetic
and historical sites.
Environmental factors to be considered along with the three alternatives of
natural gas pipeline alignment from Yadana field are presented in Table 2.1-1. Figure 2.1-1
shows the three alternatives for Yadana's natural gas transmission route and the details of
site selection are shown in Appendix A.
2.1.3    Ranking of Alignment Alternatives
From the environmental principles applied for a number of previous similar
project, evaluation points for each impact aspect had been assigned. Some modification
was made to suite specific characteristic of this project sites and the following is the
evaluation points used in this study.
ENV1004J97125iCHAP-2.DOC                                                    PAGE 2-5



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                    FINAL REPORT
TABLE 2.1-1
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED ALONG
WITH THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALIGNMENTS
I                               i.,                           . II
Environmental factors                      Aternative 1                    Ahtemative 2                     Aternative 3
Villages                              Ban WPu                                                      Ban Huai Pak Khok
Gui-yae, Dawaoung, Wang Nok Kaew, Wang Muk, Kaeng Raboed, Lum Sa'. Dan Makhamtia.
Thung Jang, Boek Phrai, Koh. Tamniab, Rangmuang, Thung Noi, Nong Song Hong.
Si Yak Khao Ngu. Nong Jok, Bang Pa Nai, Khok Oai
Huai (points)                Huai Tea Khoe (2)               Huai Khaveng (3E                  Huai Pak Khok 12)
Huai Khayeng Q3)                Huai Prajummat W3)               Huai Ptrapummal 14)
Huai (No Name) (8) *            Huai Kok Kra Pru i2)
Huai Khao Nisa 111              Huai Teaphosakola t1)
Huai Tea Khoe, Huai Ta Koh, Huai Phoukra, Hua Kang Jo, Hui Hin Poon, Huai Wang Nok
Kaew, Hua Ma Tang Su, Huai Sai Yok. Hua Hin Ta, Huai Tha Sa, Huam Tha Ngo Hin. Huai
Kaeng Serawat, Huai Bong Ri Huai Khao Chang. Huai Ta Mong, Huai Pthu Krai, Huai Lum -
Som Noi. Huai  Mae Kaban. Huai Ban Kthao. Huai Lam Sai. Huai Lam Phachee. Huai Ban Kan
River (points)                                                      Kwae Noi nver  t21
Mae Ktong (1)
Road (points)                lateritic tracts (14)            lateritic tracts (6)            latentics tracts (3)
latentic tracts (84), highway No.3274 It). highway No.3087 (11. highway No4 11i
Railways                                                     1 point
Lenght of Pipeline in the Watershed
Class (km.)
1A                                     18.07                            27.3                             26.6
1B                                      5.24                            2.71                              1.09
2                                      8.29                             3.67                            0.70
ENvtCd4e9lselT2a6t121Xt.AS                                                                                                        PAGE  2-6



ElA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                          FINAL REPORT
TABLE 2.1-1 (Cont'd)
Environmental factors                   Altemative 1                  Alernative 2                  Altemative 3
Lenght of Pipeline in the Forest
Reserve Area (km.)
Conservative Forest Area IC)                   26.07                         28.59                          3205
Economic Forest Area (El                     64.52                          60.68                         53 71
Forest Area which is Appropriate                 12.58                          12.58                         12.58
for Agricultural Purposes (Al
Volume
cu.m.fla                              57.78                        77.240                         73.545
cu.mJtree                              0 493                         0.608                          0.511
Density of Trees
Treeslta                                110                           127                           144
Seedlingfta                           16.818                         15.000                        14.677
Saplingtha                             1,855                         1,188                         1,171
Bamboo culmsla                                                            913                           502
Species of trees                              75                           103                            62
the gas    2 km     2-5 km    the gas    2 km      2-5 km    the gas    2 km     2-5 km
Wildlife species of which tracts     pipeline    radius    radius    pipeline    radius    radius    pipeline    radius    radius
can be found                    -         6         5         5         7         6         4          7         6
6                             7                             7
Temple/Archaeologicral Sites                Wat Wtweg                   Wax Huai Charoen,             Wat Huai Chafoen,
Wat Wiweg                     Wat Wiweg
Remark   * Important species for Conservation.
ENV10o4S712fTNA21-1Y.xLS                                                                                                 PAGE  2-7



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
Impacts                               Evaluation Points
-   Impacts on forest resource                        25
impacts on wildlife                               25
-   Socio-economic impacts: miaration;
and community disturbance                         15
-   Impacts on surface water hydrology,
water quality, and aquatic ecology                10
-   Impacts on local transportation                   10
-   Impacts on aesthetic and cultural values          15
Total                                        1 0
The environmental impacts are classified into various levels as follows:
-   causing minimal adverse environmental impact (to be multiplied by 0.75)
causing moderate adverse environmental impact (to be muftiplied by 0.50)
-   causing high adverse environmental impact (to be multiplied by 0.25)
-   causing severe adverse environmental impact (to be multiplied by 0.00)
After each of the weighting value of evaluation scores is multiplied by particular
environmental impacts level, the summation of these product is a total mark of each
alternative alignment. From this result, the altemative alignment with the maximum score
will be selected for subsequent studying for more details.
2.1.4    Environmental Qualities Found Along with the Alignment of Natural
Gas Pipeline
2.1.4.1   Alternative 1
This alignment of the natural gas pipeline is about 260 kilometres long. The
alignment begins from the tie-in point at Ban ITong, Tambon Pilok, Amphoe
Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi Province. It lays southwards through Ban I-Pu, then runs
ENV1OO07125/CHAP-2.D0C                                            .    PAGE 2-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
parallel with the mine access road passing the Pha Pae 4 mine, the Mokara mine, and the
Sattamitre mine into Huai Khayeng Reserved Forest area, hilly area covereu by evergreen
forest for 4 km. Then running parallel with a stream and joining the altemative 2 and 3
alignments at the east side of Ban Rai Pa, running southeastwards passing through the
Thongphaphum Teak Plantation of the Forest Industry Organization and the Wang Yai - Mae
Nam Noi Teak Plantation of the Royal Forest Department for 5 km., running parallel with a
lateritic tract, passing Ban Gui Yae to Ban Dawadoeng, crossing Kwae Noi river, running
parallel with Highway no.323 from Kilometre 86 to Kilometre 52, and crossing Kwae Noi
river again at Ban Kaeng Raboed, running parallel with a lateritic tract passing through Ban
Phu Noi, Ban Lam Sai into the Sai Yok Military Base, and then keeping along with Highway
no.3085, crossing Huai Lam Sai to Ban Tha Maklua, running along the road again to Ban
Tha Phu, crossing Huai Lam Phachi and an asphaltic road of the Office of Accelerated Rural
Development. Running parallel with the road, going roundabout Amphoe Dan Makhamtia to
Highway no.3209 (Dan Makhamtia - Ratchaburi), running parallel wrth the Highway to Mai
Daeng junction, going along with Highway no.3274, crossing Huai Lumphachi, Ban Thung
Jaeng to Ban Dan Thub Ta Ko, running parallel with the Highway no.3087, passing through
Amphoe Chombung to Ban Si Yaek Khao Ngu, crossing the Highway no.3087, running
parallel with the highway to Ratchaburi Province. Finally, the natural gas pipeline crosses
beneath the Highway no.4 and Southem railway to the power plant site in Amphoe Muang
Ratchaburi.
2.1.4.2   Alternative 2
This pipeline alignment is approximately 238 kilometres long. It begins at the
same point with alternative 1 and runs eastwards for 2 km., then turns southwest, passes
Ban I-Pu, runs along the mountain ridge in the east to the Pha Pae mine. The alignment
also passes through forest area which is a part of the Huai Khayeng Reserve Forest area. It
is the area with steep slope and being the elephant tracks. From the Pha Pae mine the
alignment turns south about 2 kilometre long and then runs east along the mountain ridge
ENV7OO497126XNAP-2.DOC                                                 PAGE 2-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
for 6 kilometres. Then running parallel with Huai Pracham Mai, crossing the stream for 33
times, turning southeastwards through Thongphaphum forest plantation, joining with
alternative 1 alignment at Ban Rai Pa, and reaching the final destination at Ratchaburi.
2.1.4.3   Alternative 3
This alternative alignment is 238.5 kilometres long. It begins at the same point
with the alternative 1 and 2, but running in the same direction of alternative 2 for 15 km,
then turning northeastwards and running along the mountain ridge for 10 km and joining
the alternative 2 alignment at Ban Huai Pak Khok. The land use type along this alignment is
covered by hill of evergreen forest. Along this alignment, the elephant tracks are clearly
seen. Finally, it joins the alternative 1 alignment at Ban Rai Pa.
2.1.5    Selection  Process  on  the  Natural  Gas  Pipeline  Alignment
Alternatives
Since all alternatives of alignment are in common of route for 198 kilometres
from Ban Rai Pa, Amphoe Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi Province to Amphoe Muang,
Ratchaburi Province, the impacts of project for this portion are the same for all.
For the route from Ban I-Tong to Ban Rai Pa, The topography of the alternative 3
much differs from the others, because most of the areas are high mountain ranges in the
Huai Khayeng Forest Reservation. The dominant natural resources to be considered are
watershed classification, forest, and wildlife. Field surveys and secondary data conceming
watershed management and forest reservation boundary revealed that the alternative 1
alignment causes less disturbance on the watershed class 1A for 18 km, when compared
with 27 and 26 km for the alternative 2 and 3, respectively (Figure 2.1-2).
ENV1004117126/CNAP-2.DCC                                               PAGE 2-10



gSS | Kp5 q q2 2 S ~~ALTERATIVE3                              '|T       |     | *'      C-4
ALTERNATIVA 2ATIVE 3 -
1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                                  k
U                                                '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7
FIGUE 2.12 TAHED   ALTERNTIVE G
0                                                                                          ii
rn!i4.uu                                                           zm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E 
;    FIGUE 2.1-: THE LTERNAIVES GS PIPEINE PAS THRUWATERSED CLASIFICAION ARA  |   X2
"o               _                                                                   L< X~~Z
.~~~~~~~~~~ 0+0



K pAS 2 ' 0 0 0   0                                      , / W                              0                m  0'
\.   ,  *LSCALE  
XX 2 < Kp 351 g g 9 3 1 g h ~~~~~~~~~~~~~L ---  I --- L-
i-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -'' K2                                                        c
|    liff{841tU:{|)4 tflMlnl    13r'41 iif              4
ALTERNATI~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~l   WAE~SECAS� 
<~~~~~~~~~~
2A :WATERSHED CLASS 2I  0
3r  WATERSHED CLASS 3       �1
i>   FIGURE 2.1-2: THE ALTERNATIVES GAS PIPELINE PASS THRU WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AREA 3 ContEdRH  CLASSD
m~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                                                    ... _- -...I 
35~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~v
C)                                                                                             ____~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l
fTI                                                                                _____    0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NJ~~~~         ~AT                        K 3
NJ~~~~~~2



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
The altemative 1 alignment passes through the forest conservation areas only 26
km., while the altemative 2 and 3 pass through forest conservation areas fIor 28.6 km., and
32 km., respectively (Figure 2.1-3).
Tree diversity along the altemative 1 alignment is 75 species while the diversity
along alternative 2 and 3 alignments are 103 and 82 species, respectively.
Considering on wildlife, no traces of 'protected animal' found along the
alternative 1 alignment while the altemative 2 and 3 have 3 and 4 species of protected
wildlife, respectively. The animals which mostly found are: Elephas maximas, Hylobates Lar,
Ursus malayanus, Ursus thibitanus, Muntiacus feae, Bos gaurus, Naemorhedus sumatrensis
and Buceros bicomis.
Moreover, along the altemative 2 and 3 the elephant tracts are commonly found,
thus, the project construction activity would induce high impacts on nature of the elephant
in the project area.
Based on the toftal evaluation point Table 2.1-2!i the altemative 1 is the
recommended alignment to be developed because obtaining the highest marks (56.25);
10.75% higher than that of the altemative 3; and 14.50% higher than that of the altemative
2. Therefore, all of studying after this step will conduct only with altemative 1 alignment.
2.2      PIPELINE FACILITIES
The pipeline facilities related to this project include new metering controls to be
set up at the Ban I-Tong and Ratchaburi Power Plant a new gas pipeline with diameter of
42 at distance of 260 km onshore from Ban ITong to Ratchaburi, and modifications of the
SCADA equipment and software (Figure 2.2-1).
ENV1OO4712WCHAP-2MOC                                                  PAGE 2-13



N~~~
I       1                                X     g|| |TIE-rI i.,.                   t 
ff Dt> fi E IN mON
0
11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
z
ALTRNAIVE3           -     '  I    2'z 
tSW.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;.
C~~~~~~~~K  I                                         CONSERNATIVE 3OETAE  
-U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r
FIGURE 2.1-3  THE ALTERNATIVES GAS PIPELINE PASS THRU NATIONAL RESERVED FOREST AREA
N)~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S



z  L '7~5.0                                                                                                                     -   zgZ W  t0L  
I'                                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
oe 12tToN:XPA}|�t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   km e3
E~~~~~
b  [   X X   X   t  ~~~~~t                                                          *^  s-S.  SCALE                  z
FIGURE   2   1   3  THE  ALTERNATI E   GA   P  PASS        N          RESERVEDVFORESORE A           R
Z ( o td)j44zXXW     OfTAEISIA3EfRARCITR
m ;R X3 3E fit  ga., %,t
F. .'X   T i V E             _       Z       S       S      g      W    1      <
01~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c
35+                                                 C JRE 2.1-3 : THE ALTERNATIVESGASPIPELINEPASSTHRUNATIONALRESERVE O NSERVATIVE FOREST A RICont'dl | EA  
tn -V



TABLE 2.1-2
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SELECTION ON
THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES
Alternatives
Environmental Elements                            I                       2                       3
Ievel-      point       level       point       level       point
Forest 125 raint_
11  DOsturbane on the torest resevamtoreas  I 15 )
. ConserNaton forest                    1  5 1       0.50         2.50       0.50        2.50        025          125
* Watershed Class IA                    (  8 I       0.50        4.00        025         2.00        0.25         200
* Watershed Class 1                    (  2 i       0.25        0.50        0.50        1.00        0.75         1.50
1.2  Abunrdance of forest resources          I 10 i
- Tree densrty                             2 I       0.50         1.00       0.25        0.50        0.25        0.50
- Seolmp density                        I  2)        0.25        0.50        0.50        1.00        0.50         1.00
- Seedling dtensty                      ( 2 I        0.25        0.50        0.25        0.50        0.50         1.00
- Bamiboocuirndensity                   I 2 I        025         0.50        025         0.50        0.50        1t00
- Speaes                                1 2 )        0.50        1.00        025         0.50        0.25         0.50
2.   Wildlife (25 point)
- Spes of wildlife fouwd abnS  with the  I 8         0.75        6.00        025         2.00        0.25        2.00
gas p"-   alignmen
D,turance on tood soume              I 7           0.50       3.50        050         3.50        0.50         3.50
- Disturbawce on tracs of st    tor food   I 10 1    0.75        7.50        0.25        2.50        025          2.50
3.   SoaoDecouin)ltSPoir
- Dis e dur  constructon phae               5        0.50        2.50        0.50        2.50        0.Q0         2.50
*  lm  On cntrniiy  tatndb1Ad          I 10 )       0.50        500         050         500         0.50         5.00
4.   Hydrology / Surface Water Olit  / Ecology 110 point)
-  lpatonhydrology                      ( 4 I         0.50        2.00       0.25         1.00        0.50        2.00
*Illpact on^werNuWlty                I 3 1         0.50        1.50       0.25        0.75        0.50         1.50
-irrpcton aquaticecolgy              ( 3 1         0.50        1.50       0.25        0.75        0.50         1.50
5    Transportaton 110 point)
*Ircveanwce ml1as transporaso       II 5I          0.50        2.50       0.50        2.50        0.50         2.50
lmpacson roadstuctre                 ( 5)          0.50        2.50       0.50        2.50        0.50         2.50
6.   Archaeologic  sites 115 point)
DisturtanreonreligousijnWes          (  7          0.75        525        0.75        5.26         0.75        525
* Distunbace on suucture ot religmous tbmti1g    8    ) 075       600        075         600          0.75        6.00
Total 1100 point)                                56.25                   42.75                    45.50
Note:   Letel - level of teironmntliliLt
0.75 Minimal adverse  pact
0.50 Moderate adverse npWt
0.25 High adverse pact
0.00 Severe adverse impact
atsndvloosotzw.2tA�xt2L-s                                                                                           PAGE 2-16



N~~~
~'   -            t ' 
C)                                                                                                                  .1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
L~~~~111 iiii't,                                                                                                        5           to ~~~~~~~~~'*~, a  Km.
fl*                                                                                                        &4J~~~~~~~1i~~~U~~hy~~~ g~~~F opff wo                               SCALE~'GRPH,   
-V                                         16~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
m
- ru'                                                               -                    
I -rA"~~~~~~~~~~ i2uun: 
4,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-



0         ~~~~~10 KM
~~    ~   GRAPHIC ~~SCALE
S          w
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I,
... . ....  ~ I
FIGURE 221:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. . ..
0        THE PROPOSED YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE (Cont'd)~



14.004.                                                      PI2~~
11 -~~47            -Nm D* a  Ti.*T*                                                                                         m
)                         I           *4b~~~~~~~~~~~**~~~~g  ~~~~   :~~~~~  ~~~-~~~  -   -       '                                   O~~~~~~~~~RAPH4IC  SCALE
/4  -,,               %...C   hw.,.                                                                                                                                            ftc
- r                                                 If*SN9Ik     -7                                                                                     --$ 
/    /                            ''~~/h-\-4~UI     ''  .j, A1kJ   j 
-      / ~~~~- ~~~~vI 4'     /                          -I.---~~~~~~J
As* &  '..S9 ~              .   .-A~,e
m
CD~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-V



CIA Ur TAUIAA4 IVA I UfML %3A.) rlr:LlNt  rKuJL.-I                   tINAL jtPUIRI
2.2.1    Pipeline Design
The natural gas pipeline will be designed in accordance with ASME B 31.8, Gas
Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. The pipe wall thickness and grade will be
designed for a maximum operating pressure of 1250 psig. The wall thickness of the pi-p
will be increased, as required, at crossings of highways, railways, major waterways, and
areas in proximity of inhabited structures as specHfied in the codes.
The pipe will be externally coated to prevent corrosion. Pipe Line block valves
will be located at various points on the pipeline to allow isolation of portions of the system.
The block valves will be equipped with gas driven actuators for ease of operation. Each
valve will be located in a designated fenced/guarded area. Facilities will be provided at the
valve sites to allow venting of the pipeline in the event of an emergency. Scraper traps will
be installed at the Ban I-Tong (launcher), intermediate site, and Ratchaburi Station (receiver).
2.2.2    Cathodic Protection
In addition to the extemal pipe coating, the pipeline will be protected from
corrosion by means of an active cathodic protection system. Testing stations will be located
along the pipelines to allow monitoring of the cathodic protection system.
2.3      PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION METHOD
2.3.1    Normal Construction Procedure
The pipeline construction will basically be a linear assembly line, in which the
equipment and workers move along the pipeline route at a constant pace for each
performing an assigned task. The work process begins with the preparation of right-of-way,
which serves as the work site, and ends with the burial of the pipe and the restoration of
the land surface. The followings are the major work steps involved in the construction
process:
E"v1OO4,9?n2Igc,4AP.z.DoC                                              PAGE 2-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
(1) Right-of-Way Preparation
The purpose of this work function is to provide a smooth and even work
area and to facilitate the movement of equipment onto and along the pipeline route.
(2) Pipe Stringing
Stringing is the delivery and distribution of pipe along the right-of-way.
Specially equipped trucks are used to safely haul the pipe from the storage yard to the
right-of-way.
(3) Trenching
Trenching or ditching is merely the excavation of a trench for laying the
pipe. The trench can be excavated using a backhoe or a specially designed wheel-type
ditching machine. In areas containing rock, blasting is sometimes used if the rock cannot be
economically fractured or fipped using mechanical methods. The depth of the trench is a
function of how much cover is required over the pipe. However, the contractor will be
responsible for providing a minimum of 1 meter of cover over the pipe for the Onshore
Pipelines. Therefore, the minimum trench depth for 42-inch pipeline is approximately 2.1
meters. In some areas along the pipeline route, such as highway and khlong crossings, the
pipeline trench may be deeper than 2.1 meter to meet permitted requirements of
authorities having jurisdiction on those particular crossing or area of construction.
(4) Bending
Individual pipe joints may be bent to ensure that the completed pipeline
contour matches the bottom contour of the trench. The bending will be done alongside the
trench using specialized equipment which handles the pipe with little or no damage to the
exterior coating. Any damage of the coating system shall be repaired prior to installation.
(5) Welding
Welding of the pipe joints is completed in a series of steps, beginning with
the line-up of the two bevelled ends to critical tolerances, and following by numerous
welding passes. Typically, the welding is done manually. On large diameter pipe, two
welders work on one weld, one on inside and another on outside of the pipe. Welds are
ENV100l4"712$iCHAP-2.D0C                                              PAGE 2-21



visually inspected and examined by radiography (x-ray) to determine their quality and
acceptability.
(6) External Coating
After acceptance of the weld, the area adjacent to the weld is cleaned and
coated to prevent corrosion. Prior to movement into the trench, the entire pipeline segment
is tested for coating defects and ff found, those defects are corrected.
(7) Lowering-In
The pipe is normally lowered into the trench in long sections of welded pipe
joints. This critical step is closely coordinated and supervised. The lifting and movement of
the pipe section are done by 'side boom' tractors which have the ability of lifting the pipe
section by making discrete vertical and horizontal movements.
(8) Backfilling
After the pipe has been placed in the trench, the soil taken from the trench
or other selected materials are backfilled. Special care is taken to ensure that there is
sufficient material undemeath and above the pipe, and also to prevent damage to the
coated pipe. Where the pipe is laid in rocky or rough soils, a padding of selected material
(dirt or sand) is used to support and isolate the pipe from large rocks, etc.
(9) Crossings
Pipeline crossings of highways, railways, rivers, or other pipelines or cables
are made in accordance with the requirements of the owners. In general, major highways
shall be crossed without disruption of traffic. To accomplish this, a larger diameter steel
casing pipe is bored and jacked under the highway using specially designed equipment and
then the gas pipeline is welded to the casing pipe and is pulled undemeath to lie across the
highway the crossing (Figure 2.3-1).
At crossings that are navigable by pleasure or commercial craft, contractor
shall comply with all special precautionary measures required by federal, state and local
maritime autholities, to preverit or minimize obstructions to navigation on the water course.
ENV1OW71250CAP-2.DOC                                                   PAGE 2-22



m
ELECtRICAL                                   WARNING SI1N
T1RANSMISSION LINE                           INWICATING SliGNl   z
._.   el0 X /                                        PRESSURE GAS
WARNING SIGN                                                       P -IPELINE
INDICATING IIIG11                                                      /
PRESSUIRE GAS                                      .i
PIPELINE                               PF ROAD                       E
2
1~  ~MN C        1R                          135                   .0NI.CR
T                                         ml~~~~~~~T
STRAIGIIT PIPE FOR FULL WIDTII OF ROAD RESERVE
FIGURE  2.3-1 PAVED RURAL ROAD CROSSING
m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
CM .                                                                                              .. 
N



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
Construction of the pipe across rivers and streams shall be performed in
such a manner as to keep to a minimum the damage to shorelines, water crossed, adjacent
drainage areas, and fish and wildlife habitats.
(a) Open Cut Crossinas
Across small streams, the pipeline shall normally be laid by the open
cut method as practicable and, where required, it shall be held in place by means of
concrete set-on weights or concrete coating or screwed anchors.
Cutting of the pipeline ditch in sloped approaches shall not be
undertaken until actual pipe laying is ready to be carried out in order to minimize silt input
into the water course. If necessary, the work area shall be graded, and other precautions
shall be taken, to prevent surface run-off from entering the ditch. In addition, the silt fences,
hay bales or other appropriate means will be applied to control erosion and sediment runoff
at all water channels adjacent to the trench or other earth exposing construction activities.
Following installation of the pipe, the beds of streams and rivers shall
be restored, as neatly as possible, to their former elevations and grade. Spoil, debris, piling,
construction materials, and obstructions resulting from the construction of the pipeline shall
be removed from the crossing to prevent interference with normal water flow and use of
the waterways, and shall be disposed in a satisfactory manner.
Where practicable, stream and river banks shall be backfilled and
compacted to a point above the high water line and, if necessary, sandbagged and, or rip-
rapped to prevent soil and bank erosion. As a minimum, compaction shall be to densities
equivalent to those of the surrounding soils.
(b) Bored Crossings
In certain cases, the jurisdictional authority may require that installation
of the pipeline across the waterway be performed by boring. Bored crossings shall be
instalied using a pilot pipe section. Once the pilot section is in place, the permanent coated
carrier pipe shall be welded onto the pilot section and jacked or pulled through the bore.
The pilot section shall then be cut off and removed.
ENVlOo4a7125/CHAP-2DOC                                                   PAGE 2-24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                FINAL REPORT
(c) Directional Drilling
The installation of the pipeline crossings may be accomplished by the
use of the directional drilling method. A plan and profile of each crossing to be installed by
directional drilling has to be approved. Entry and exit points shall be accurately located.
Where the crossing is installed parallel to an existing pipeline, the crossing design shall
ensure that a minimum of 6 meter separation is maintained between the pipelines
throughout the full length of the crossing. Any drilling fluids, muds or chemical additives
used shall be acceptable to the environmental authorities having jurisdiction, and the
containment and disposal of such drilling fluids shall be in accordance with the permit
requirements. It is anticipated that the Khwae Noi and Mae Klong rivers will be directionally
bored ff the soils containing large boulders and sand are not suitable for directionally drilling
(Figure 2.3-2).
(10)Testing
The completed pipe!ine is subiected to a hydrostatic test to approve its
overall integrity. After venting all air from the completed pipeline, a pressure equivalent to
25 percent higher than maximum testing pressure shall be applied and held for 24 hours.
During this time, the pressure and temperature shall be recorded to determine if there is
any leakage.
The contractor shall use fresh water from Mae Klong river for
hydrostatically testing the pipeline. Therefore, the requirement for adding chemicals in the
hydrotest water will be eliminated. After the hydrotest is completed, the fresh water shall
be returned to the river. For the erosion control, the tested water shall be discharged onto
a splash plate and shall be filtered using a hay bale structure. This hay bale structure shall
be placed in an upland area allowing for additional filtration of the water through natural
vegetation prior to entering the river.
ENV1#007126MCMAP.2.OOC                                                     PAGE 2-25



(I1.) DRILLING A PILOT HOLE 
PILOT DRILL BIT
1 Z.) ENLARGING THE HOLE                                           3
( 3.) INSTALLING THE PIPE 
RIVER 
REAMER
FIGURE 2.3-2   DIRECTIONAL DRILLING METHOD
ENViaWFIGm 22                                                            PAGE 2-26



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
2.3.2    Pipeline Construction on Hilly Area
The majority of the pipeline route passes through relativeiy fiat terrain which
mostly is agricultural land. Approximately first 40 kilometres of the pipeline route, which
beginning point is closed to Thailand - Myanmar border, passes through relatively hilly
terrain which some part is covered by forest. These hilly areas are in high elevation, about
800 to 900 meters, and in rolling area, which are not suitable for pipeline alignment.
However, in this case, it is necessary to construct in these area, so it is desirable
to select a route which intersects the contours at right angles and avoid side cuts if
possible. Even though, laying on slope will increase construction difficulties, and affect more
works which are required to minimize right-of-way erosion during life time of pipeline
operation.
Following are some recommended control measures for pipeline construction
through hilly terrain.
2.3.2.1 Temporary Erosion Control Measures
Pipeline construction procedure shall be well organized through all phases of the
work to avoid the occurance of right-of-way erosion. Temporary right-of-way grading should
be made in such away that no erosion occurs before the implementation of permanent
erosion control measures. Pipeline stringing, ditching, welding, lowering in, and backfilling
should be well proceeded such that minimal amounts of open ditch and unrestored areas
are left exposed to the effects of heavy rains.
The pipeline contractor must ensure that suitable and adequate temporary
erosion control measures are in place during this phase of construction. Pipeline backfilling
should be followed immediately with implementation of permanent erosion control
measures.
ENV100487125/"CAP.2.D0C                                                  PAGE 2-27



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
2.3.2.2   Permanent Erosion Control Measures
(1) Ditch Plugs
Ditch plugs shall be installed in the ditch prior to backfilling to ensure that no
surface runoff occurs along thn pipeline which would cause wash out of the backfill
materials (Figure 2.3-3 and 2.3-4).
(2) Diversion Berms
Diversion berms are required on all sloping terrain as an erosion mitigation
measure. Each diversion berm should be properly located and staked out to ensure that the
proper direction of flow is achieved. An inclinometer should be used to determine the
correct gradient of the berm. For berms that are lined with crushed rock, a slope of 5% to
10% should be used. If the berms are unlined, 5% of slope should be maintained. Berms
that are too shallow, gradients will quickly fill up with silt deposited on the uphill face and
drained water will flow directly over the berm. Finally, the berm will be breached and
becoming useless (Figure 2.3-5 and 2.3-6).
(3) Terrace (slopes greater than or equal to 20 degrees)
Where side cuts across the hills cannot be avoided, terraces may be
required for pipeline construction. Terrace gradients should be property constructed and
should be a constant connecting and compatible with the adjacent terrain. The width of a
terrace should be 2 to 2.5 metres to ensure its stability. The terrace should be excavated
into undisturbed soil. That is at least half of the terrace surface will comprise of undisturbed
material.
(4) Roach Construction
A roach must be placed over the ditchline from 0.5 to 1.0 metres above
grade to compensate for backfill settlement which will occur over time. In sloping terrain,
without an adequate roach, backfill settlement can result in a channel developing along the
ditchline leading to accelerated backfill erosion. A roach of adequate height and width
effectively sheds water away from the ditchline.
ENv100a7I2kO4aP-2.Doc                                                   PAGE 2-28



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3 ~~~~..............                                                                                             ................                                                                           ........... ..............  .............................................. 
: ~~~~~~...........................................                            ..............     ........................                                             . .......................................... ....
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cc                                                                            WV38 HI-M  sonld HOIQLaU/1OS: 10-�-                  3Nn91u             0
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I                                             .                                   (wnwuutw) wop  I
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g t    t'Mitl!"llai  * ~~~berm1s constrticted toI
;    t   ^t          'tI elii ia I  ~provide b)reak i11 slop)e        m
|                           X      k   ( i Prg | |   * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~tO dispxerse runolffiroin tlle  2 
Zi                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~m
C  r|ii'!s   I I                    right-of-way                         Q
preferredS directioti of, 
b)eriiis depends oni acttual                                         e     c r          to
Berm~~   toadispreruoffrg(
jrfield direcition  f..                                       igts  -a
field conclitiO,is             -.* ' 1 :!3iitlbermn spacing depends on
Riglit of Way                    steepness of slope
N';g                         /              l)berm spacing is shiorter whien
.~~'->                     runo-f I; ;/slope is steeper  A          A\t
stirf ace runoff Is dispersed '
to forested/ undisturbedl                         .
vegetated areas
c          FIGURE 2.3-5: STEEP SLOPE - TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT                                                     m
N                                                                                                .                     0



I                                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m
where required                     berm  .
no natural streams                                rig> t-of-wayZ
crossing the                                  a)                    _drainage  C
right-of-way                                                           channels  S
large' catcliment area                                fall                      zm
-large volume of                                  drainage             sump      E
runofTfrom higher         rock pile acts as       pipe
water brealcer to
grounda            .      dissipate energy,    )                     . drainage
steep side slopes on      and pi-event                                 cliannels
both sides extend for a   erosion
long section of the                                   A
right-of-way                not to                   PLAN
scale          berm
SECTION  drainage ck�nnels
FIGURE 2.3-6 DRAINAGE SYSTEM                                                    -w
N)._                                           
w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
An opening in the roach of 1.0 metres will be required uphill of all diagonal
diversion berms. An opening in the diversion berm is not necessary where a herringbone
diversion berm pattern is adopted.
(I) Revegetation
The right-of-way should be revegetated as soon as possible after pipeline
construction is completed and, the right-of-way has been cleaned up. Vegetative cover will
provide additional erosion mitigative measures.
(6) Width of Right-of-Way
The right-of-way (ROMV width required to construct a NPS 42 diameter
pipeline for the hilly area or KP.-KP.30 is approximately 20 metres. For the flat terrain the
right-of-way width will be 30 meter. However, during detailed design the right-of-way width
will be sized to allow for necessary side cut in the hilly area (Figure 2.3-7 and 2.3-8).
. 3. 2.n E-arhquake lesign
During the engineering design, a stress analysis study will be conducted for the
pipeline and associated facilities. The stress analysis study will incorporate the maximum
earthquake expected over the life of the pipeline based on historical information and
probability predictions. With this information, the stress analysis study will identify any areas
of concern. The results of the study will be used to determine the actual wall thickness of
the pipe in addition to the hoop stress and other combined stresses.
Areas of known earthquake faults zones will be avoided during route selection.
During construction any earthquake fault zones will be crossed using special construction
techniques to minimize the impact during operations of the pipeline. Such techniques
include the use of extra thickness of pipe and excavation, and replacement of selected
backfill material.
ENVIO4"7125CAM.2DCc                                                    PAGE 2-33



0
6 m                       6m                3m                  5m                                                            >
.4                       .. 4---              -.                 4         _____ 
m
z
m
Additional Construction Area to be
Spoil Pile                                Pipe lay Area     Side Boom Work Area   Leased/Acquired as Required at
Steep slops area and for Vehicles
9m                                                          lm      _        Passing area
FIGURE  2.3-7  TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION IN 20 m RIGHT OF WAY                                                                                               >
tm                                                        -          -                                                                                              -t
0



8m                           6m                 5m                     Sm                             6m
l        ~~~Spoil Pile     2.57                        Pipe Lay Ar�a       SIde Boom Work Area         Other Vehicle Passage Areail
m         FIG(JRE  2.3-8: TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION IN 30 m RIGHT OF WAY 
CA)8



2.3.2.4 Erosion Measures
(1) Minimize Clearing at Sensitive Areas
The whole of the right-of-way shall be cleared of vegetation. However, at
sensitive and critical areas such as steep slopes or river banks, where stripping of
vegetation can result in geotechnical instability, they may be lefted uncleared.
This practice aims to protect areas which are highly sensrtive and easily be
damaged by erosion, particularly, for areas which may take high cost or are difficult to
rectify if damage. Steep and unstable side-slopes shall be undisturbed.
(2) Grading
The purpose of land grading is to form a flat stable working surface suitable
for pipe installation activities, to provide adequate erosion control, and to avoid slope
stability problems (Figure 2.3-9).
Grading shall be done only as required. Particular attention shall be given to
undulating and hilly stretches, areas with transverse slopes, and areas which are
environmentally sensitive. Grading shall be kept to a minimum on native grassland.
Grading Criteria: Grading activities shall fit and utilize existing topography
and desirable natural surroundings to avoid extreme grade modifications. The direction of
slopes shall, wherever possible, conform to the natural pattern of drainage prior to grading.
Prior planning must be made to determine limitations that shall be imposed on the grading
operations related to measures for drainage and water removal and vegetative treatment,
etc.
Grading activities shall conform to the following guidelines:
*   Clearing: If clearing has not been completed prior to grading and
extra work space is required, the project shall ensure that soil from the
cut areas is not pushed of the right-of-way into the bush during grading
operations.
ENVY17O1251CMP.2DC                                                      PAGE 2-36



ividth
work side    spoil sde.'
'I
X               X
ie   ~FIGRUE  2.3-9: TYPICAL GRADING CROSS-SECTION AT 'SIDE STEPES
m



*   Positive Drainage: The right-of-way shall be graded to provided
enough positive drainage, within the constraints imposed by operating
requirements, to ensure that rainwater is drained away. Ponding shall
not occur on the right-of-way.
*   Slope Protection: Surface water shall be diverted from the face of
all cut and/or fill slopes by the use of diversions and ditches or
conveyed downslope by the use of a designed structure. Slope faces
shall not be subjected to any concentrated flow of water from natural
diches or drains, etc.
*   Spoil material: Spoil material from grading operations shall not be
placed where it will interfere with natural drainage such as streams. It
shall not be pushed into the bush of the right-of-way or in other areas
where it cannot be readily removed. Soil shall not be pushed into
streams.
*   Slope Cutting: Slope cutting shall be maintained to a maximum
grade of 1:1.5 (vertical:horizontal) or flatter; grading on filed slopes shall
be restricted to its angle of repose or flatter. This is to ensure slope
stability and integrity, and to limit the energy momentum gained by
water run-off.
-   Benches: Reverse slope benches or diversions shall be provided
whenever the vertical interval {height) of any 2:1 slope exceeds 4.5 m.
Benches shall be located so as to divide the slope face as equally as
possible and shall convey the water to a stable outlet. Soils, seeps, rock
outcrops, etc., shall also be taken into consideration when designing
benches (Figure 2.3-10).
* Benches shall be wide enough to accommodate the equipment
both during construction and for maintenance.
ENVO009712'CHAP-2.DOC                                                  PAGE 2-38



rn
W. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~. .......  -b-n-cli
not to scale                                           z
reverse grade of
max 2:1 L         5-10% or-flatter
\   maximum 4.5m
FIGURE   2.3-10: SIDE SLOPE TERRACING
mr
0
-4



* Benches shall be designed viith a reverse grade of 5-10% of flatter
to the toe of the upper slope and with a minimum of 0.3 m in
depth. Longitudinal bench gradient to the outlet shall be about 1 %.
* The water runoff flow length within a bench shall not exceed 250
m.
Banks: Banks resulting from cutting and filling shall be sloped to
prevent injury or death of persons, livestock and wildlide. Slopes shall
not be created so close to property lines as to endanger adjoining
properties without adequately protecting such properties against
erosion, slippage, subsidence or other related damages.
*   Finish of Surfaces: Where cut and filled works are created to carry
the rght-of-way across transverse slopes, these finished surfaces shall
not be graded to a smooth surface but shall incorporate a series of
parallel ridges perpendicular to the gradient of the slope, formed by
driving the bulldozer up and down the slope leaving the imprint of its
racks behind. These ridges will help reduce the velocity of surface
water run-off.
*   Slopes Exceeding 30%  Gradient: Where slopes of 30% gradient
or greater exist in any direction, the project shall minimize the
disturbance to the slopes and grades only that portion of the right-of-
way required to obtain a suitable working space. To avoid excavation
and disturbance to the soil, grading by the 'two-toning' method may be
undertaken, if the cuts are required to provide a suitable working
surface. Two-toning involves grading the right-of-way in two levels; one
level for the pipe and one level for passage of equipment and vehicles
(Figure 2.3-1 1).
1NV1004*?12&CHAP-2M=C                                                  PAGE 2-40



m
i                                                                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
2
FIGURE 2.3-11: TYPICAL GRADING-SECTION AT SIDE SLOPE
ct                  ~~~~TWO-TONING TECHNIQUE
rn                                                                                                                              0
Z
>
I                                              2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
mn
2
FIGURE   2.3-11: TYPiCAL GRADiNG-SECTION AT SIDE SLOPE~~~
_   _                            __               D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1



* Subsurface Drainage: Subsurface drainage shall be provided where
necessary to intercept seepage and/or springs that would otherwise
adversely affect slope stabiiity or create excessively wet site conditions
that would hinder or prohibit vegetative establishment.
*   Fills: All fills shall be compacted as required to reduce erosion,
slippage, settlement, subsidence or other related problems. All fill shall
be placed and compacted by heavy track machineries in layers not to
exceed 20 cm in thickness. Soft, mucky or highly compressible
materials shall not be incorporated into fills.
* Stream Crossing: Ditches and drains shall not be filled for passage
of equipment until and unless the project has obtained the required
written approval. Culverts shall be installed by the project to ensure
drainage is not obstructed in these areas. In small streams and ditches
where it is necessary to maintain flow at the crossing, a flume shall be
installed. All culverts and flumes installed must be adequate to permit
water flow due to heavy storms. No flooding and degradation to water
quality shall occur due to inadequate water passage.
(3) Riprap
Riprap is a layer of loose rock, aggregate or salvaged timber placed over an
erodible soil surface, The purpose of riprap is to protect the soil surface from the erosive
forces of water by dissipating the kinetic energy of water (Figure 2.3-12).
Conditions: Riprap is installed at soil-water interfaces where soil
conditions, water turbulence and velocity, expected vegetative cover, and groundwater
conditions of the right-of-way are such that the soil may erode under design flow conditions
(Table 2.3-1). It is used to protect bends of streams crossing the right-of-way which are
diverted temporarily during construction. Erosion forces of flowing water is greater in bends
than in straight channels. The riprap shall extend across the bottom and up both sides of
the channel. Riprap shall also be used to protect the toes of temporary bridges across
waterways on the right-of-way.
9NV1OOJ712W/HAP42.DOC                                                    PAGE 2-42



-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
nprap rqnre              ..mdXy 
|                          ~~~~~~~~~altered drainage pattern                                     l
FIGURE 2.3-12: EXCAMPLE OF RIPRAP APPLICATIONn
G)
mm
_ _ __                   -                                                _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-



TABLE 2.3-1
RIPRAP INSTALLATION
Stone Mixture           Well-graded mixture composed prmarily of larger stone mixes
but with a sufficient mixture of other sizes to fill the
progressively smaller voids between the stones. The stones
shall be hard and angular and of such quality that it will not
disintegrate on exposure to water or weathering.
Installation Height     Riprap shall extend up the banks to a height equal to
maximum depth of flow or to a point where vegetation can be
established to adequately protect the channel.
Filter                  Material layer placed between riprap and underlying surface to
prevent soil movement into and through the riprap. Either
"single layer of plastic filter cloth manufactured for that
express purpose" properly graded layer of sand, gravel, or
stone. Plastic filter shall be protected from punching, cutting or
tearing.
EN4Vt0471251CHAP-2DOC,                                                   PAGE 2-44



On ~,r  I s*Lfl-1- *r -   -- WfL  -lO   rnwr.MiVC rnLh,CL,             rilVMLr nitrvn I
(4) Hard Plugs
Hard Dlugs are blocks of material that shall be left unexcavated in the
trenchline. The function of hard plugs are to interrupt surface water flow and prevent
scouring of the trench bottom. These hard plugs will be removed at the time of pipe
lowering-in (Figure 2.3-13).
Conditions  These plugs are needed when trenching at particularly on
long or steep longitudinal slopes especially those greater than 10% gradient. Their
frequency shall be determined according to the length and gradient of the slope and shall
take into account how early will trenching precede the lowering-in activity.
(5) Temporary Covers
Cover in the form of overlapping plastic sheeting, geotextile, sackcloth, palm
fronds of similar materials used to provide temporary protection against rainstorm.
Conditions: Needed for any area in the right-of-way where it is
considered to be particularly vulnerable to erosion, either due to particularly prolonged
inclement weather or due to very unstable slopes or similar circumstances. This protection
shall remain until either the circumstances change or until such time when permanent
control measures and revegetation is instigated.
Situations also requiring such treatment are stored banks of top soil and
circumstances such as a steep cut sandy slope exposed for part of heavy rainy or monsoon
season.
(6) Sediment/Silt Trap
A sediment or silt trap is a small temporary basin formed by excavation of
embankment to intercept sediment laden runoff and to trap and retain the sediment. The
purpose of a sediment trap is to intercept sediment laden runoff and trap the sediment in
order to protect drainageways streams properties, and right-of-way below the sediment trap
from sedimentation. Sediment traps are also used to minimize water pollution and also to
limit suspended solids in the runoff to acceptable limits.
ENVION4IS7126MMHAP-2.0OC                                                 PAGE 2-45



.1~~.                                                         
0
z
z
Hard Plug            /_
Break in trenching / 
/'       y -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
z
m
/   _<    \        .  /    \ ~~~~~to drain accumulated
8- .   _         ~~Trench/           run-Off
sO,. .          /               not to scale
G)          FIGURE   2.3-13: HARD PLUGS
m
_)                                           C



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
2.4      PIPELINE OPERATIONS
2.4.1    Gas Transmission Facilities
The overall gas transmission facilities consist of the metering and pressure
control, the 42' pipeline, liquids removal and dewpoint control, onshore compressor station,
and metering facilities. The system will be monitored and controlled via SCADA from the
Operations Center in Chonburi.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and communications facilities
would be required at Ratchaburi Meter Station. SCADA data would be sent to the
Operations Center near Chonburi where PTT has an existing SCADA and Communications
system for their current pipeline networks.
2.4.2    Pipeline Markers
The onshore portion will be identified by above ground markers which provide a
waming of the presence of the pipeline and phone numbers for contacting PTT. In addition,
kilometer marker will be installed at regular intervals to allow identification from the air as
well as from the ground level.
2.4.3    Gas Leak Control
To control the pipeline, including leak detection, on-line information from the
pipeline inlet and outlet will be monitored; pressure, temperature, density and volumetric
flow. On-line pipeline integrity monitoring software in the SCADA system will perform
overall pipeline mass balances, pipeline hydraulics, and rate of change pressure calculations
to check for small leaks on a long-term basis and for leaks on a short-term basis.
ENV1OO4ig7125lCHAP-2DOC                                                 PAGE 2-47



ccr r  r..,vW lEA 0  r_   c.a,, ' cc wI r flL.j.I c|  FINAL REPORT
2.4.4    Operations Schedule
The new pipeline system is intended to operate continuously. Equipment
requiring maintenance will have stand-by units to allow a shut-down without interruption of
gas flow in the pipeline. Flow rates will vary seasonally and throughout the day in
conjunction with onshore gas demand.
2.5      OVERALL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
2.5.1    Construction Stage
The mobilization for the onshore pipeline and meter station construction is
scheduled to commence in 1996. The offshore pipeline should be ready for pre-
commissioning by 1998 (Figure 2.5-1).
Testing and commissionings are scheduled for completion at the mid of 1998.
2.5.2    Operation Stage
Actual gas operations in the new system can begin in 1998.
The number of the operating staffs in the operation phase is approximately 5
persons in each Block Valve Station.
2.5.3    Engineering Plan
The basic engineering will start immediately upon work authorization. The
existing engineering team in Bangkok will be supplemented to handle this work. Specifically
for the early Phase 1, work involving further pipeline route investigations and the selection
of the final pipeline route, a pipeline locating/construction specialist will be added.
ENV1000712&CHAP-2DOC                                                  PAGE 2-48



m
AWARD
LSTtC EPC                                                                                                                     PROJECT COMPLETION
M ~  ~ ~ 2. 's Zi F         v{t  P HASE I WoRK<r2$3.sQ9tos'
Detail Engineering
O PreiOminary                   * Oesign Basis       |              Zpdate Preliminary                                 * Civil/Struclural/ArchitecturaI                          * SCADA & Telecommunications
z    Engineering                * Scope of Facilities                              Design Drawings                     * Mechanical                                              * Start-up Procedures
T . Preliminary Design          * Implementation Plan                              and Specincations                   * Instrument/Controls                                     * Operalion & Malntenance Mianuals
r    * Survey                   * Lump Sum EPC                     LjJ           * Freeze Design Basis                 * Electrical                                              * Training Reccommendallons
C)
a    * Cost Estimates             Cost Estimate                     O              Site work                          * Pipeline                                                 * Spare Parts Recommendations
* Schedules                                                    .            -            --  -_---
cri   * Procurement _r* EnvironmentaVl                                                                          * Construction Drawings                  * Manuals/Records                  * Safety Guidelines
3:  D          Permitting Support  r          Construction Specifications            * Training                         * As-Built Drawings
Zj   Pretiminaly                       _                            t                                           * Spare Parts                            * Assist Commissioning & Initial Gas Operations
q Procturement               *  r_cu_reme_nti4Pan  _1e
Activities                * Long Lead items                  Im             * Purchase Long Lead                 * Intemational Purchase Order         -* Supplineuaity
2    * IntemationallThai  * ECA Agreemenls   I Z            r              Orders                               & Contract Admintstration             * Field Procurement
* Content                 * Traffic & Logistics              (             * Award Purchase                     * Thai subcontracts &                   * Expediting
* Vendor                    Plan                                             Orders &                              Purchase Orders                      * Traffic S logistics
* Negotiation                                                                Subcontracts                        * Supptler Ouality Inspections
* Logistics                                                                                                __                                               _       _
m
Sj Preminary                                                    m             I_                                             _        _ _          _        _ _I__                              _
>    Constructlon                        _____
Activities       I            Onshore Pipeline                               Establish Temporary     |
* construction              ConstructionPlan                                      Facillties s                              Permanent construction                  |
Planning                 * Station Pipeline                               * Project Offices             - New Pipeline                * Cathodic Protection System         * Mechanical
* Subcontractor             Construction Plan                               * Field Offices               * Stations                    * Maintenance Basis                    Completion
Agreements                                                  C)            * Marshaling Yard             * Block Valve Statlons        * Centrat Control Room               * Commissioning
* Right of way                                               Z               C Construction Yard
* Equipment                                                                * Pipe Yards
* Materials                                                                   Warehousing
: Camps
PrelIminary Contract      | Financing/
Negotlations                Investment Plan
* Execution                |Commercial                                    | Accounting           * Cost Control      * Schedule Control            * Quality Control         * Progress Monitoring
Approach              -   Ownership Plan
| Owner/Contractor        & ECA Agreements                   C
Negotiations
iTi                               FIGURE 2.5-1   AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT IMF'LEMENTATION PLANT FOR TIHE GAS PIEPLINE                                                                                                                D
Co                                                                                                                     _ 



riA ur YMLJWANA rMAI UMAL UAi rIMLIWd rMUJtL.I                      FINAL REPORT
2.6      FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
2.6.1    Financial Analysis
The financial analysis will be considered from income of only gas sales and from
operating cost including the following component;
-   Compensations;
-   Direct operating costs;
-   Consulting costs;
-   Project executive cost;
-   Contingency.
The total costs are about 16,500 Baht. From the financial analysis are found that
the financial interest rate ratio (FIRR) is 63.96% and the Net Present Value (NPV) at 15% of
discount rate is 81,356 M$.
2.6.2    Economic Analysis
The economic interest rate ratio (EIRR) is 55.88% and the Net Present Value
(NPV) at 15% of discount rate is 61,300 MS.
2.6.3    Effects of Environmental Monitoring Cost on Finance and Economic
Environmental monitoring cost predicted (shown in Appendix K Table K-1) is
about 197 MS. This will not be significantly effected on the financial and economic concem
which can be summarized as follow.
2.6.3.1   Effects on Financial Ratio
FIRR will be a little change from 63.96% to 63.72%;
NPV (at 15%) change from 81,356 MS to 81,227 MS.
2.6.3.2  Effects on Economical Ratin
EIRR will be a little change from 55.88% to 55.63%;
NPV (at 15%) change from 61,300 MS to 61,170 MS.
ENV100W41265:FW-2.DOC                                                PAGE 2-50



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
CHAPTER 3
EXISTING EN4VIRONMEMTAL CNDlITION
3.1      TOPOGRAPHY/GEOLOGY/SEISMOLOGY
3.1.1    Introduction
The scope of this study is to investigate and review the topography, geological
condition, and seismicity along the natural gas transmission pipeline. Main objectives are to
collect data and to assess probable effects of geology and seismology upon project
components.
3.1.2    Methodology
The geological information was collected from available publications and
geological maps by the Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Industry. Field checks
were conducted for compiling the preliminary geological and topographic data. The 1:50,000
maps were used as a base map.
Seismological data of the proposed project areas were collected from the
Meteorological Department and other related publications.
3.1.3    Results of the Study
3.1.3.1  Topography
The topography of the western region along the natural gas transmission pipeline
are located in the Tanaosri Mountain-Range. The topography are characterised by
complicated mountain, especially in Thong Pha Phum district which is the border of
Myanma-Thailand. Furthermore, the alluvial lowlands between the highland are confined in
the south of Sai Yok district to Dan Makham Tia district.
ENV1IO4i9712S/=HAP.3DOC                                                PAGE 3-1



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
For the eastem parts of Chom Bung to Ratchaburi province, topography is flat
alluvial plain from Mae Klong river.
3.1.3.2 Geology
The geological map of western Thailand along gas pipeline is shown in Figure
3.1-1. Based on this map, the ages of rock were classified into three units as Permian,
Jurassic and Quaternary.
A summary of principal rock units is described as follows:
(1) Permian
Rocks of this age are found in Khao Chang Phuak at Ban-l-Tong located at
the west of Thong Pha Phum district, Khao Phu-Thong near Ban Kui-Yae of Thong Pha
Phum district and some areas of Ban Lum Sai at the northwest of Dan Ma Kham Tia
district. They are classified mainly as grey to dark grey limestone deposited in thin bedded
and thick bedded with fossils.
The other types are grey-red to black shale with thin bedded and thickness
bedded, yellow-brown sandstone, silty-sandstone with sand and mica compound and
conglomerate, mudstone, and shale with sand.
(2) Jurassic
Rocks of the Jurassic Period were found in Khao Phu-Thung in the south of
Thong Pha Phum district and in the east of Chom Bung district, Ratchaburi province along
the transmission gas pipeline. They are also composed mainly of grey to dark grey
limestone with thin bedded.
(3) Quaternary
Rocks of this age along with the transmission natural gas pipeline were
found in a small area at Thong Pha Phum district, Kanchanaburi. Most of the transmission
gas pipelines will pass through this rock into the south-ast of Dan Makham T'a district and
the west of Chom Bung district.
ENVIO4,97126cHAP-3.DOC                                                    PAGE 3-2



30                                                                                               30'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
O              to             20 KM.
CRAPI4C SCALE                                        Z
C)
K-
0
FUATRNARY AEU3.-L  THPOES: R-MER CRAVE SATN. 5tHl ANO CALN
ao- -         rEIRACu   DEPOS10 0S :E lCOAVPL.N t SAND   A CA                                                                             A     O            GAS PIPELINE
tERnIRY      =      Sf.ICO5OU()ATDItO 10 KU  CONSOUDATtE CONCLOUCRAll, SANDIteHE b0Ct  >T           C. KANCHANAWRI
I>RASSTC  FM         DAq>( tO  CIGHT 5AtY SANDY UWtSI04E ARD INTERCALATED SHALL*5ti>>N tg/2 
REONDS. BADt4 TO RED SllSI0O  t A"0 SA4DSI0tC   t K/
EF        SUBANruuR to sUtRotro. Rto 9sk  cE.EmFyEo uutsta-E CD4r0t0EPAftt     0 
PtAR..A.     [      K//l Q[0 DARr. GRErY. vASSA   *o BEDDEDD PARTLY REEr. IMESTONC. A.0 -?Ct S.II)INESDt8||>22^ At
E.DOA.               UC-1 0EI. RCCYSIAW     .NtW.T ARCILLCtlOUS IIA.OS                                           PlPELt AtJt  RO4x2\
BeOIIA TOD.OR,I PHY UTE AIID OUARt211TE1    ,  t/
9 LAC. SHALE A1) T..s BE&DD O)WUARnt                                                                                                                               o                    w                   0A
ORDMlAN        D     ARX CREI U.EST0R[ WPH ARC1UACCOUS rAND S+|0    3
CAMBRIA.            C UARrz,rt. SC..IS A.0 MARBLj SEi tr \  ///
DI.| lll RDRI-C. BEDDED D0AR2l1E. AND P.ItUTt )Eg1 S>
PR[ CAMBRIAN           C.E.SS. C.tC SIUCAIES aDcKS ..O SCHIST    0t
CRETCEOUS              ME<JDIUM TO COARSE CR.IHEEI BIOnTIt UUJSCDATt tRATt 70  M?E
TRIASSIC               M |Vt0UU to r,.t ORA-.ED NORNSU.0c al0XXit AND monit CRA^blC\ MI                                                                                            Z7
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>                                                                                                                                                                                          :
m     FIGURE 3.1-1: THE GrEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN THAILAND ALONG GAS PIPELINE                                                                                                                                                                                         E 
Q                                                                                   .                                                                                                                                    ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
The alluvium deposits are generally composed of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and
weakly consolidated sediments. In the study area, the deposits are also the most extensive
for all geologic formations, which present along all main steams including Kwae Noi, Kwae
Yai andJ Mae Kl,ong River.
3.1.3.3 Seismology
(1) Major Fault
The transmission natural gas pipeline are located in Tensasserim Range
seismic source zone (Figure 3.1-2) defined by Nutalaya et al. (1985). This seismic source
zone is characterized by the NS-trending faults in Myanmar and the NW-SE trending faults
in western Thailand. The major faults in this zone are Si Sawat and Three Pagodas faults.
(Figure 3.1-3).
(2) Seismicity
Nutalaya et al. (1985) complied the seismic source areas in Thailand,
Indochina, and part of Myanma and devied.them into 12 seismic source zones (Figure 3.1-
2). The information of seismicity from Department of Meteorology (Table 3.1-1) are shown
with epicenter of earthquake occurring near the proposed project 6 time in 1983-1988 at Si-
Swat District and Thong Pha Phum district. The magnitude were 4.1-4.5 in richter scale by
the Thong Pha Phum meteorology record station (Figure 3.1-4).
Nutalaya et al (1985) produced the maximum earthquake intensity map of
Thailand and adjacent area (Figure 3.1-5). Table 3.1-2 shows the modified Merccalli scale of
Earthquake intensity.
It is clearly illustrated from Figure 3.1-4 and 3.1-5 that the proposed project
areas are nearby the active siesmic source zone or being affected with minor to moderate
earth intensity.
ENV1O009712WOP-.3-DOC                                                     PAGE 3-4



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
90             100~~~~*o            105
/    /    | / ox^io0 - PAOSHAN      CHINA20E                   5
MYANMA                                                       S 7NNAN - XWSC&
Co~~~~~~~~~z 
fw  it~~~~~~SUM
H \   \ \  v  \   ZNE                   C HANOI
\   \ \  �  r   ZONE C   )   NZ7N  N   g  / GULF OF   2
.  0    )  )  t   X \  T     A    N     G     K   t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7N GI
FIGURE    1-2      SEISICSOURC ZONE OF BU . T             D AD ITHAILANDN
. JV1OO4~I~URE 3.1.2THE NATURAL GAS PIPLINE                      L
/,  /        � \/\<RATc~~~RATHASURI              >       VIETNAM
I !02:yA22DI WrXX4Jo j~~CAMODI
>      1    / | �~~~~~ 100 200  300
\   <         .t ~MALAYSA      V
CODE: 312.DWG
fIGURE  .3.1-2     SEISMIC SOURCE ZONE OF SURMA. THAILAND AND INDOCHINA          1
(After Nutoloyo et.oi , 1985)
ENVIO04/FIGURE 3.1-2                                                           P G   -



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                 FINAL REPORT
98              100               102               104
20     MYANMA                   -       HEANG SEAN FAULT                                      20
LAO 
18         �)j,                                                                              18/R@  \CAMBODIA
b  '              O       100    ZOO KS
C,
*D                                4.�                        
16                                                                    1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6
THAAYILAN
98 1oo                            102               104
I                      CAMBODIA~~~~~~~~~CD    33.W
FIGURE           3.1-3:    THE MAJOR   FAULTS   ZONE IN   THAILAND                                     
IEW10041GURE3.1-3                                                            ,PAGE 3-6



TABLE  3.1-1
SELECTED EARTHQUAKES OF MAGNITUDE OVER 4.0 IN WESTERN
THAILAND REGION (DATA SOURCE  DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY)
Date                     Epicenter                     Latitude           Longitude           Magnitude
Z
15 Apr. 1983    Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi                     14.9 N               99.0 E                5.3 MB
22 Apr. 1983    Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi                      14.9 N              99.1 E         5.9 MB and 59 MS
17 Jul. 1983    Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi                    15.20 N            99.021 E                 4.7 MB
13 Jan. 1985    Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi                                                          4.1 ML
10 Mar. 1985   Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi                     .                                     4.5 ML
28 Nov. 1988   Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi                      15.05               99.80                  4.5 ML
I_                                                                                                                                  -
>
m
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                           FINAL REPORT
90                              10                               0
6 Aug 1988
6.8.7.2    j             24 Apr 1984   6 Nov 1988
29  ep1989  /           \t5.9                6 1.7.3          28 Apr  1971                                25
29 Stp 1989
5 4                                             CHINA                5.6
22 Sep. 1965                 30 Mor 1989
y Z ~~~~~~~6                                               znr 98\w   3r4 0
1 Oct. 1989           6\8,7)2
5.3~~~~~4
:   \       MY~~MANMA        \                            / (             2 Avg. 1978
\ / \ z > ) X ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.1                                    _25 July 1986
\   23 Moy. 1912    \                /   9~    /    \4.0
\           ~~~~7.9      B)\            * /      4-                         Apr. 1989   
5.2 *  V \    / / 19 Feb. 1988
5 July.t985         ~                    ~                   +\        tz        5     4.5      20
>   5 0         /   ~~CHG         -                      (_J
4  Dec. 1930  A-                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~22 Dec. 1980
7.3                                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.0
}   i  BDT                                              23 Dec. 1980
S MUY. 1930         Affi              0-1            A * ~~ _                                  4.2
73 17  e  95<           \          S           24 July. 1978               \      \
15 Apr. 1983                N5.6               )0
5.3ALO
'  HD 0        _PCT_  29 twoy. 1978              LA                       o
15 -
22 Apr. 19B3                              \            KBR    AL           4.5                         )1 
5.9                                                                                                    MTA
.                   ;  \    ~~~~~THAILAND   fMTA
14 Fe 1967           o                                               CAMBODIA
��� ' '                          *���)                          *�('     
,0 :-�0/           '< 
.0~~~~~~~~~~~~o
*        16 MOy. 1933                                                           THE EPICENTER
a
6.5 ~  ~         ~        ~        ~         0
.         T     EPICENTE                                                    OF EARTHOUAKE IN
ENV1 E 3.14N    THAILAND
4 Apr. 1983              >             12 Apr 1967    |                   0           100                 20P 300
<   \        * I                  l        . ~~~~~~~~SEfSMOCRAPH STAnON
\    \             .t M~ALAYSI 
<  .    <            X             (          ~~~~~~~~~~~MAGNITUDE (RICHTER)
. _ _ .. _ ._ ._ _ . '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ODE: 314.DWG
TEAM
FIGURE   3.1-4:   THE EPICENTER OF EARTHOUAKE IN THAILAND 
E N IV I O N M I G U R E   & 1 - 4                                                         ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~PA G E   3 -8



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                      FINAL REPORT
80                  90                 100                 110                 120
IX ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~HN
)<<(3
VII   AL L<- LA
CAMBODIA    OE   15OW
FIGURE 3.1-5   MAXIMUM EARTHOUAKE INTENSITY MAP OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT AREAS
ENVIOO4FfCGUOE 3D4 PAGE 3-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECTr                                  FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.1-2
MODIFIED MERCALLI SCALE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY
1.   Net felt except by a very few under especially favorable circumstances.
11.   Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings.
delicately supended objects may swing.
Ill.  Felt quite noticeably indoors, expecially on upper floors, but many people do not
recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Vibration
like passing truck. Duration estimated.
IV.   During the day felt indoors by many, outdoors by few. At night some awakened.
Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make creaking sound. Sensation like
heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rock noticeably.
V.   Felt by nearly everone; many awakened. Some dishers, windows, etc., borken; a
few instances of cracked plaster; unstable objects overturned. Dusturbances of trees,
poles, and other tall objects sometimes noticed. Pendulum clocks may stop.
VI.   Felt by all; many frightened and run outdoor. Some heavy furniture moved; a few
instances of fallen plaster or damaged chimneys. Damage slight.
VII.  Everybody runs outdoors. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and
construction: slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structrues; considerable
in porly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. Noticed by
persons driving motor cars.
VIII.  Damage slight in specially designed structures. condiderable in ordinary
substantial buildings, with partial collapse; great in poorly built structures. Panel
walls thrown out of frame structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns,
movements, walls. Heavy fumiture. overturned. Sand and mud ejected in small
amounts. Changes in wellwater levels. Disturbs persons driving motor cars.
EWV1O04X7126flAB31.2.XLS                                                        PAGE 3-10



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                  FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.1-2 (Cont'd)
IX.   Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame
structures thrown out of plumb; great in substantial buildings. withpartial
collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. Ground cracked conspicuously.
Underground pipes broken. /
X.   Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures
destroyed with foundations; ground badly cracked. Rails bent. Landsides
considerable from river banks and steep slopes. Shifted sand and mud. Water
splashed over banks.
Xl.  Few, if any, masonry structurs remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Broad fissures
in ground. Underground pipelines completely out f\of service. Earth slumps and
slips in soft ground. Rails bent greatly.
X!!.   Damages total. Waves seen on ground surfaces. Lines of sight and level distorted.
Objects thrown upward into the air.
ENV1004i7126TEAB31-2XLS                                                       PAGE 3-11



CIR Ltf YAUANA N NA I UOMPL uAb rirmiINt rIluJtL I                      FINAL REPORT
3.2    HYDROLOGY
The development of the gas transmission pipeline will certainly pass through
streams, creeks, and rivers which may disturb the existing hydrological regime in certain
extent. Therefore, it is necessary to set up the baseline data on the concerned asnerts
which can be furthur used in the hydrological impact assessment.
3.2.1    Data Collection and Analysis
The concerned Hydrological Data include:
-   Meteorological Data
-   Rainfall Data
-   Runoff Data
-   Sediment Data/Soil Erosion Data
Analysis of data was carried out from observed data at various stations network
in the project area. The available data for analyzing are belonged to the Meteorological
Department, Royal Irrigation Department, and Department of Energy Affaires.
The long-term means of meteorological data from key stations in Kanchanaburi
province were analyzed on monthly basis. The meteorological data for such analysis are air
pressure, temperature, humidity, evaporation, dew-point, cloudiness, visibility, and wind
speed.
An isohyetal map of the project area was prepared by average annual rainfall
analysis. Besides of this, a probability analysis of rainfall data was carried out to determine
the rain intensities for various return periods and durations.
Runoff and sediment analysis was analized for these parameters relationship for
each sub-catchment area of the project area. Furthermore, estimation of flow and sediment
concentration in each of the sub-basin which is crossed by gas pipeline was also
pelliormed.
ENV10dj7120WCAP-3.OC                                                      PAGE 3-12



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
3.2.2    Results of the Study
(1) Weather
Surrounding weather of project site was observed at Kanchanaburi
meteorological station. These weather records were analysed to determine the long-term
means of meteorological data (monthly basis), maximum and minimum of air pressure,
temperature, relative humidity, visibility, cloudiness, evaporation, dew-point, wind speed and
direction. The results of meteorological data analysis are presented in Table 3.2-1.
A summary of meteorological data analysis is given as below:
- Air pressure:
Annual average                  1009.51  millibar
Maximum (in January)           1024.28 millibar
Minimum (in June)               998.20 millibar
- Temperature:
Annual average                     27.9 degree Celsius
Maximum (in April)                 43.5 degree Celsius
Minimum (in January)                5.8 degree Celsius
Relative humidity:
Annual average                      68 %
Minimum (in January)                11  %
- Visibility:
Annual average                      9.5 km
-   Cloudiness:
Annual average                      6.0 octta scale
-   Evaporation
Annual average                    160.9 mm
Mean maximum (in April)           221.7 mm
Mean minimum (in November)        124.6 mm
ENV1004i97125/CHAP-3.D0C                                                PAGE 3-13



z
TABLE  3.2-1
THE RESULTS OF METEROLOGICAL DATA                                                                                                                    C
Evaporation and
Air Pressure                       Temperature                         Relative Humidity            Vlsibility and Cloudiness        Dew Point            Wind Spead and
[Month                                                                                                             Visibility-km    Couldiness-  Evap.  Dew-Point             Direczion
(0-0)     (mm.   ICeloclus5 I
Mean    Ext.    Ext.    Mean   Mean   Mean    Ext.    Ext.   Mean   Mean   Mean    Ext.  700 LS   Mean                      Mean      Preen-    Mean    Mean  Prevailing   Max.
GI
Max.    Min.              Max.   Min.   Max.   Mien.                 Max.   Mimn    Min.                                      pan                 Wind    Wird        Wind                            t
U,
Speed              Speed                            -
m
z
Jalnuary    1,012.90  1,003.38  1,024.38   25.4    32.3    18.2    38.1    5.8      62      86       40       11      52       7.8        35        137.6     169        21        NE        25                             Z
Febzruary   1.011.15  1,000.88  1,022.15   27.9    35.1    20.9    40.3    12.1     sO      84       38       12      49       7.0       38         153        18 7      26        SE        25                             0
Murch      1,009.80  1,000 98  1,022 55   30.0    37.3    23.2    41.9    11.2      57      el       34       13      58       73        4.0       210 5      196         3        W         40                             m
Apri       1,008 36   999.46  1.020.18   31.2    381     25.2    43.5    19.7       59      01       38       15      7.9      93         49        221 7     21.4       31        W         45
Mzy        1.007.12   999.37  1,01508   297     35.5    252      41.2    21.5       70      86       51       22      94      10.7        70        1934       23        31        W         32
June       1,006.77   998 20  1,015 76   28 7   33.7    24 8      40.5    20 2      72       87      57       29      95       112        B.1       1566       22 9      31        W         33
July       1.006 93   998 74  1,014.25   28 4   33 3     24.4    39.7    20.2       72      87       56       31      9.5     10 8        82        167 3     22 5       34        W         55
August    1,00695   99876  1,01438   282        33.1    24.4    39.4    21.5        73      88       57       35      93       106        85        161 2      226       34        W          33
Seplember 1,008 04   998.50  1,015.03   27.8    32 8     24.0    37.      21.2      77      91       60       38      8.9      1.4        8 2       139.5     23.1       2 4       W         40
October    1,010.17  1,001.85  1,018.68   27.2    31.7    23.2    37.8    16.2      79      93       63       31      7.8      10 0       7 1       127 9     22 9       2 1       W         30
November  1.012 32  1,004.04  1,021.49   260    30.7    21.3    38.0    11.6        74       91      57       27       72      9.7        5 5       124 6      20.7      2 6       NE         31
December  1,013.57   1004.02 1,024.00   24.6    30.7    18.3    37.2       6.8      66       88      47       24       6 5     8 8        3 7       137.2      17.5      2 6       NE         30
Annual     1.009.51  1,024.38   998 20   27.9    33.7    22.8    43.5      5.8      68       87      50       11       77      95         6 0       160 9      21 0       28                  55
Clirnatological Data for the Period 1961 - 1990
1 Knot . 1.852 kmJhour
m                             Soujrce   Meteoroiogy Department
w
m
0
-4
r~~~~



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
-   Dew-point
Annual average                       21 Celsius
-   VVind Speed
Annual average                      2.8 knots
Maximum (in July)                    55 knots
(2) Rainfall
The averages of annual rainfall for various stations in the project area were
estimated to prepare an isohyetal (lines of equal rainfall) map. The prepared isohyetal map is
shown in Figure 3.2-1. The average annual rainfall at Ban -Tong is about 1700 mm and
gradually decreases towards Ratchaburi to about 1000 mm.
The maximum annual rainfall was observed in the year 1961 at Kanchanaburi
equal to 6771.8 mm. The maximum one day rainfall intensity was also observed in the year
1961 at Ratchaburi equal to 320.4 mm.
A  iobabhUityr ana!y-sis on hourly rainfall data at the station K22A (Ban Mae
Nam Noi Sai Yok district) was carried out to determine the rain intensities for various return
periods and time durations. The prepared intensityduration-frequency curve is presented in
Figure 3.2-2 as well as in Table 3.2-1. The dry season rainfall intensity, duration, and
frequency at the same station is demonstrated in Table 3.2-2 and Figure 3.2-3.
The maximum one hour rainfall intensity of 25 years return period (which is
about 98 mm) has been recommended for design of drainage system for construction
around the project area.
(3) Runoff
The alignment of the proposed pipe line is crossing some tributaries of river
Kwae Noi. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the discharge data of related rivers, and the
summary of the results are as following:
-   The momentary peak discharge on Noi river at station K22A equals to
438.0 cu.m/second (observed on 3 July, 1982);
-   The monetary peak discharge of Huai Lin Tin river at station K38 equals
to 71.0 cu.m/second (observed on 17 October, 1988);
ENVlW4,97125/CHAP-3,0OC                                                  PAGE 3-15



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                       FINAL REPORT
MYANMA             |
THAILAND
KHAOLAE  DAM                                      * .-,.                 7-
220 - a                        "           ' -l��~ --                                   ,                  I
2100                                    -- - 100       \',"  ,0'','.
200~~~~~~           -um       90
.,bo22.A
AGA� !N  N DAM                        ,
o            ~~~KANCHAKABIIRI
\            ~~~~SLIAN|PHUNGi/                        \              
C X                             S.                                                    I I~S. 
17~~~~~~~
g             ,8'0         ~~~~~~~GULf Of  i
)          ,    /         ~~~~~~~~THAILAND )
LEGEND
=  PIPELINE
K    K    K
22.A  32   17 =  HYDROLOGICAL STATION
=  STORAGE DAM                                                                    N
=  DISTRICT                    -       '                                          A
C    =  PROVANCE                                                                       A
CODE: 321.DWG
FIGURE  3.2-1  MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL IN WESTERN PART OF THAILAND (mm) PERIOD 1952-1990
ENVIO0dURouAE .221                                                                                  PAGE 3-16



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                     FINAL REPORT
1000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'
1000                        -__ C____ 
900
B00                                                              RETURN PERIOD IN YE-ARS
700
600                                                                  - 
500                                                                                   10 - - -           I
400                                                              ............         25
50
300                                                                                   100
2C0
200                                                                                               200
i00                                                                                               100
E   90                                                                                                 90
s0
E                                                                                                            /
EtWltStSlGtt 8700 2-2                                                                            PAGE 70
60                                                                                                6
50                                                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~50
40                                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~40
C   .30                                                                                                30
-          _ _    _   _  __             _   _20
a                                                                                                 8
7                                                                                                 7
6                                                                                                 6
4                                                                                                 4
3                                                 -3
2                                                                                                 2
0.5     1.0       2.0  3.0       6.0      12.0      24.0
Duration- hours
(1966-1983)~~~~~~~~~~~AG 31
ENV1004IFIGU.RE 3.2-2PAE31



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                       FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.2-2
DRY SEASON RAINFALL INTENSITY - DURATION - FREQUENCY OF
STATION K22.A HUAI MAE NAM NOI, A. SAI YOK
Time                      Dry Season Rainfall Intensities - mm./hour
Duration                                Frequencies - Yr.
(hr.)       2           5         10         25         50         100        200
1/4        49.3       89.4      116.0      149.5      174.4      199.1      223.8
1/2        38.6       73.1       95.9      124.8      146.2      167.4      188.6
3/4        29.4       57.0       75.3       98.5      115.7      132.7       149.7
1         23.6       46.2       61.1       79.9       93.9      107.8       121.6
2         12.8       25.0       33.1       43.3       50.9        58.4       65.9
3          9.2       17.7       23.4       30.5       35.8       41.1        46.3
6          4.8        9.1       12.0       15.7       18.4        21.0       23.7
12         2.4        4.6         6.0        7.9        9.2       10.6       11.9
24          1.3        2.4        3.2        4.2        4.9        5.6        6.3
ENV0A,9712h/rAB32Y2J3S                                                            PAGE 3-18



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                             FINAL REPORT
Intensity - Duration - Frequency Curve at K22.A (1966 - 1991)
1,000                                     -
_ I I    f    ,   I  I I fi-..----Tr= 2Yr5
!_I_I_I_!_1_1 11          1   1  i   I i i i I i-. --- Tr= 5YrY
l   :  | 1 1 1 1 1 1  <   r   F I T.I.I I  I    Tr= 10 Ym
I                  ~~~~~~~~Tr = 25Yrs
-7-4-                             Tr = ti  Tll50 Yrs
=t- -3ff fi1111   l~~~~~ -Tr r10 Ym
1 -   A_  X l               rIIr] '' ''2k              T i 1, i1 i i
r *.
I~  ~ ~_____   -  -1                            1-...                                   I I
0.1                       1.0 D                     10.0                      100.0
Duration - houms
CURVE AT K22.A (1966-1991)                                              19
Et4VIOORfiGURE 3.2-3                                                                    PAGE 3-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
-   The momentary peak discharge of Lam Nam Chee river at station K17
equals to 1484.0 cu.m/second (observed on 13 October, 1985).
(4) Soil Erosion
Most of soil erosion causes by heavy rainfall. The falling rain drops detach
the soil particles from its aggregation, and these detached soil particles are then washed
away from the surface runoff water as suspended material to the streams / rivers.
Afterward, some of them sink as bed load material.
For this reason, one of the most popular soil erosion evaluation is calculated
from method that measures suspended sediments in the discharge area, and estimates bed
load material. The total sediment load is the summation of the measured suspended
sediments and the estimated bed load material. Generally, approximately 30% of
suspended sediment is used or bed load.
There are many sediment measurement stations along the Mae Klong river
in the project area. The measured sediment data of 18 gauging stations along the Mea
Klong river were collected from Hydrological Division of Royal Irrigation Department, and
Department of Energy Development and Promotion. These collected sediment data were
analyzed to estimate soil erosion in the project area. The computed results of soil erosion
are given in Table 3.2-3. The summary of these results are given below:
-   Average depth of soil erosion over the area is 0.240 mm/year;
-   Maximum depth of soil erosion over the area is 0.760 mm/year;
-   Minimum depth of soil erosion over the area is 0.056 mm/year.
ENV100I47t2B/CHAP.3DOC                                                 PAGE 3-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                   FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.2-3
LIST OF SEDIMENT STATION, DRAINAGE AREA AND
MEAN ANNUAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT OF MAE KLONG RIVER BASIN
No.   River                    Code       D.A.        M.A.S.      Total Load    Vol. Sed.    Erosion
(Sq. km.)    (Tons)       (Tons)        (m u3)       (mm.)
1   Kwae Noi               140703      5,680      3,900,000     5,070,000    4,333,333     0.760
2   Kwae Noi               140901      2,570      1,110.000     ,443,000     1,233,333      0.480
3   Nam Mae Run Ti         140902        308         37,100       48,230        41,222      0.134
4   Huai Wang Kiang        140903         67          4,490        5,837         4,989      0.075
5   Kwae Yai                020017     4,960        601,924      782,501       668,804      0.135
6   Kwae Yai                020018     5,644        912.795     1.186,634    1,014.217      0.180
7   Kwae Yai                020019    10,500      1,870,306     2,431,398    2,078,118      0.198
8   Kwae Yai                020022    11.353      1,759,922     2,287,899    1,955,469      0.172
9   Kwae Yai                020023    14,037      2,580,189     3,354,246    2,866,877      0.204
10   Kwae Yai                020025     6,512      1,588,392     2,04,910     1,764,880      0.271
11   Mae Klong                  K.4    26.441      3,824.823     4,972,270    4,249,803      0.161
12   K(wae Yai                  K.6    10,001      1,792,826     2,330,674    1,992,029      0.199
13   Mae Kbong                 K.8    26,421       6,922,030     8,998,639    7,691.144      0.291
14   Kwae Noi                   K.9     6,902      4,016,099     5,220,929    4,462,332      0.647
15   Kwae Noi                  K.10     7,008        789,477     1,026,320      877,197      0.125
16   Lam Pha Chi               K.17     1,355        127.694      166,002       141.882      0.105
1i   Kwae Yai                  K.20    11,184      1,330,360     1,729,468    1,478,178      0.132
18   Huai Samnak Mai Teng      K.28       183          9,156       11,903        10,173      0.056
Mean                                                                                   0.240
Note      D.A.     :   Drainage Area                               Total Load    1.3 times of M.A.S.
MAS.    = Mean Annual Suspended Sediment                 Vol. Sed.     Total Load /1.17
Erosion      Vol. Sed. / D.A.
Sources: Hydrology Division, Royal Irrigation Department.
ENV1004A712rrA=23Y.xLS                                                                          PAGE 3-21



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
3.3      WATER QUALITY
3.3. 1    IIILIuuuteiorl
During the construction period of the natural gas pipeline, a series of activities
will be involved namely, right-of :way. preparation, trenching, backfilling, crossing, etc. All of
the listed activities will disturb the vegetations which cover along the pipeline route and
effect the quality ot surface runoff, especially, for the suspended solids. Furthermore, the
crossings may have the direct impact on concemed waterways in terms of bank erosion,
stream bed disturbance, sediment, runoff, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the
baseline data for water quality of the concemed waterway prior to the project
implementation. This information will be the basis for impact assessment and further
recommendations.
3.3.2    Study Methodology and Description of the Sampling Stations
3.3.2.1   Methodology
At each sampling station, a water sample was collected by using 2 litre-water
sampler bottles. All of water samples were collected at the middle of the waterway and at
the mid-depth (3 m. below the surface) of the water column. The concemed water
characteristics are shown in Table 3.3-1 and standard methods needed for examination of
water and wastewater by AWWA-APHA-WECF (1992) was employed.
ENVtOC*7t2&VWNoc                                                       PAGE 3-22



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                     FINAL REPORT
- TABLE 3.3-11
CONCERNED CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SAMPLES
Characteristics
Physical Characteristics      Chemical Characteristics       Biological Characteristics
Depth - m                      Conductivity (pmhos/cm)        Total Coliform
Temperature (air, water) - C   pH                             MPN/100 ml
Dissolved Oxygen - mg/I        Faecal Coliform
Total Dissolved Solid - mg/A   MPN/100 mg
Suspended Solid - mg/l
Hardness - mgA
Oil and Grease - mg/A
BOD - m3-2
ENVlX04,19126tCKAP-3.D0C                                                          PAGE 3-23



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
3.3.2.2 Description of Sampling Stations
The field survey for water quality was undertaken in June, 1995. The sampling
stations vvere also desigrlated aiong the naturai gas pipeline route as shown in Figure 3.3-1.
Brief description of each sampling station is as follows:
Station 1       :  Kwae Noi river
Location       :  Ban Dao Wa Dung (482913E, 1600575N)
Land Use        :  Agricultural area (cotton)
Water Usage    :  Agricultural purpose
Station 2       :  Kwae Noi river
Location        :  Ban Pu Ong Ka (502075E, 1575741N)
Land Use        :  Agricultural area (sugar cane)
Water Usage    :  Domestic consumption and agricultural purposes.
Station 3       :  Huai Lum Pha Shi
Location        :  Near Tha Phu's bridge (541082E, 1531516N)
Land Use        :  Residential and agricultural areas.
Water Usage    :  Domestic consumption and agricultural purposes.
Station 4       :  Mae Klong river
Location        :  Wat Tha Klong (588407E, 1499061 N)
Land Use        :  Residential area
Water Usage    :  Domestic consumption
ENVW100712CP.3DOC                                                        PAGE 3-24



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ALL    009 EA "Ei ROADS
C  *A STIWAE NOIR9 ATS                                             BAN DNAO WONGI>                                                           /Hr} A. SANG I AHAEN1
R S3HAILtA PAY           SHI%  tAN HPH! !\. .IYI/.   ..
. YANMAR        4.f I                                                     I /x    BA         Z o .A CANAL  00                                                       /
)~~~~~~A                      ;Ali SD"     tA K          t T A.Z
L(TN                                               /                                               .                                               !                                                    __. ' I 
m                                                                                                                                                                   CGOt: AI.GD,C 0 OAT
0      AUP.Ot                                                                           O    N  Ol
*  OTILOC!~ ~~                                                                     l:KAMTA                                ANP
*   ST I KWAE NOI RIARO AT 'BAN DAO WASUNG
*   ST 2 KWAE NOI RIAtR AT!BNKAOR BTO
IST   3     .   -UAI  LAM    PMTA SHI                      / BAN    llA   PHU                                            T                                                           _         �
*:St A MAE (LONG RIAtR Al! WAT lHAH
BAN ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~IRASLUBT                                       -
m                                                                                                                                      CODE: 2122OWG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CO:ZSS00 
-a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r
*     FI.GURE 3.3-1  THE WATER QUALITY IAQUATIC ECOLOGY SAMPLING STATION 



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
3.3.3    Results of the Study
(1) Kwae Noi River (2 stations)
The water samples collected at both stations, Ban Dao Wa Dung and Ban
Pu Onq Ka. are similar in tprms of quality (Photo 3.3-1). Concvtra--ons of suspend,ed solids
(SS) were relatively high at both stations (47 and 9 6 mg/A) due to surface runoff from
agricultural area. Levels of pH were on the alkaline side which may be due to the effect of
limestone mountain ranges in the Kwae Noi watershed area. The collected water could be
categorized as soft water with hardness of 60-90 mg/A CaC03. Quantities of dissolved
oxygen were at the acceptable level of 4.0 and 5.4 mg/l. The BOD levels were relatively
low with 0.50 and 0.65 mg/l. However, the trace of contamination from nearby
communities was found in terms of Fecal Coliform Bacterial and oil/grease. Kwae Noi's
water quality was categorized as class 3 of surface water classification which is suitable for
agricultural purpose and can be used for domestic consumption after treatments.
(2) Huai Lum Pha Shi
Huai Lum Pha Shi is a tributary of Kwae Noi river (Photo 3.3-2). The water
sample of this site was turbid with very high SS of 610 mg/l. For the other characteristics:
the hardness in term of CaCO3 is 76 mg/A which is classified as soft water; pH was on
alkaline property; and dissolved oxygen was at acceptable level, 5.0 mg/l. However,
because this sampling station is close to a community, Ban Tha Phu, BOD level was
relatively high with 1.55 mg/I, and oiVgrease and fecal coliform were also detected at 1.4
mg/A and 49 MPN/100 ml, respectively. Huai Lum Pha Shi can be categorized as surface
water in class 3.
(3) Mae Klong River
Mae Klong river at the sampling station near Wat Tha Klong is approximately
200 m wide with local settlements along both sides of the river (Photo 3.3-2). Mae Klong
river water was turbid with SS leve' of 22 mg/I. Waater was classified as soft water
(hardness of 98 mg/I as CaCO3). Dissolved oxygen was at acceptable level for aquatic life
ENV100497I25SEGS31DOC                                                    PAGE 3-26



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                   FINAL REPORT
7-E
ST.1 KWAE NOI RIVER (BAN DAO WA DUNG)
__~~~~-'                ___    .
ST.2 KWAE NOI RIVER (BAN PHU ONG KA)
PHOTO 3.3-1   THE CONDITION OF WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC ECOLOGY
SAMPLING STATION 1 AND 2
ENV1004/97125/BEC.333.DOC                                      PAGE 3-27



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
,     ?,  �  8   ........... .o - - -....... ..    --\'*i^ '* .s : *=
-~~~~~~~~~                        -. ;v .4   ^  ~ W ,      i -<il tkt
ST.3 HUAI LUM PHA SHI (BAN THA PHU)
ST.4 MAE KLONG RIVER (IN FRONT OF WAT THA KHLONG)
PHOTO 3.3-2 : THE CONDITION OF WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC ECOLOGY
SAMPLING STATION 3 AND 4
ENV1004/97125/SEC-333.DOC                                                PAGE 3-28



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
(4.2 mgA). Due to the relatively densed communities along the river, the contaminations in
form of fecal coliform and oiVgrease were clearly detected. Mae Klong river can be
classified as surface water in class 3 with suitable for agricultural purpose and domestic
consumption after treatments.
The results of water quality in four sampling stations are shown in Table 3.3-
2 and the surface water qualities classified by Office of National Environmental Board
(ONEB) standard are shown in Table 3.3-3.
3.4      AQUATIC ECOLOGY
3.4.1    Introduction
Since several streams and rivers will be crossed by gas transmission pipeline,
disturbance of aquatic ecological systems in vicinity of the crossings will be observed,
especially, for benthic community. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the existing
status of the representative aquatic ecological systems around the areas. These observed
data were utilized as the basis for the impact assessment and recommendations.
3.4.2    Methodology
There were 4 designated sampling stations for aquatic ecological study as shown
in Figure 3.3-1. The sampling stations were located at Kwae Noi river (2 stations), Huai Lam
Pha Shi, and Mae Klong river. For each sampling station, plankton and benthic were
collected as following detail.
3.4.2.1   Plankton Sample Collection
The plankton nets of 70 micron mesh size were used to collect phytoplankton
and zooplankton by filtering 20 litres of water through the net. The collected samples were
preserved in 7% formalin solution and brought back to the Biological Laboratory at Kasetsart
University for further identification and their abundance estimation.
ENV1004197125SEC*333.DOC                                                 PAGE 3-29



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                            FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.3-2
WATER QUALITY ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE, JUNE 8-11, 1995
Parameter                                                  Station
ST.1                  ST.2                ST.3                 ST.4
Khwae Noi River      Khwae Noi River  Huai Lum Pha Shi  Mae Kiong River
at Ban Dao Wa Dung  at Ban Pu Ong Ka   at Ban Tha Phu    at Wat Tha Kiong
1. Depth (m)                               7                    9                   3                    8
2. Temperature, C
Air                                30                   28                  27                   30
Water                              27                   28                  25                   27
3. pH                                     8.2                 8.1                 8.0                  8.0
4. Dissolved Oxygen /mg/A)                 4                  5.4                  5.0                  4.2
5. Conductivity Jumhosicm.)              180                  150                  100                  90
6. BOD (mg/i)                            0.65                0.50                 1.55                 0.55
7. Total Dissolved Solid tppm)            80                   60                   90                  80
8. Suspended Solid 1mgAI)                 47                   96                 610                   22
9. Hardness ImgAI as CaCO3)               60                   90                  76                   98
10. Oil and Grease rmgfl)                 1.2                 1.2                  1.4                0.81
11. Total Coliform  MPNfIOO ml           350                  280                 920                 1600
12. Fecal Colilorm  MPIU100 ml           110                   79                  49                  920
ENVI0Jo07I2alrrA833-2.XLS                                                                               PAGE 3-30



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                               FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.3-3
SUfRFACE WATER QUALITY BY ONEB; CLASSiFiCATiuN AND uBjECTiVES
Parameter                     Units                  Standard Values for Class"'
1         2         3          4           5
1.   Temperature                            IC                 n'        n         n          n'
2.   pH value                                                  n        5-9       5-9        5-9
3.   Dissolved oxygen                       mg/l               n         6         4           2
4.   BOD  15 days, 20 CC                    mg/A                -       1.5       2.0       4.0
5.   Coliform Bacteria
- Total Coliform                  MPN/100 ml             -    5,000    20,000
- Fecal Coliform                                         -    1,000      4,000
6.   NO, -N                                 mg/l               n                    5
7.   NH3 -N                                  .                 n                  0.5
B.   Phenols                                 .                 n                0.005
9.   Cu                                                        n                  0.1
10.  Ni                                      .                 n                  0.1
11.  Mn                                                        n                  1.0
12.  Zn                                                        n                  1.0
13.  Cd                                                        n    0.005, 0.050
14.  Cr (Hexavaient)                         .                 n                 0.05
15.  Pb                                                        n                 0.05
16.  Hg (total)                                                n                0.002
17.  As                                                        n                 0.01
18.  CN                                                        n                0.005
19. Radioactivity
- Gross a                         Becquerelil                              0.01
- Gross 0                                                n                  1.0
20.  Pesticides (Total)                     mg/                n                 0.05
-DDT                                  ug/                n                  1.0
-BHC                                                     n                 0.02
- Dieldrin                                               n                  0.1
- Aldrin                                                 n                  0.1
- Heptachlor &                                           n                  0.1
Heptachlor epoxide
- Endrin                                                 n                none
Note:  P  = Percentile value
n  = Natural
n' = Natural but changing not more than 3 C
= When water hardness not more than 100 mg/i as CaCO3
= When water hardness more than 100 mg/i as CaCO3
*-- = Water Classification
ENVI 04197126rtAB33-3.XLS                                                                                    PAGE 3-31



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
3.4.2.2   Benthic Sample Collection
An Ekman Dredge was used to collect benthos samples and three sediment
grabs were collected at each site. For each sediment grab, quick observation on the
bedlment texture and composition (sand, gravei, debris, mud, ctay, etc.) was made. Then,
the sediment was sorted through a series of wire sieves to separate benthic organisms.
The benthos samples were preserved in 7% formalin solution for further identification in the
laboratory.
3.4.3    Results of the Study
3.4.3.1   Plankton Organisms
From analysis of plankton samples collected from all of four sampling stations on
June 8-11, 1995, the result indicated low plankton diversity and low density due mainly to
fast flowing water in these waterways. As shown in Table 3.4-1, the total 18 genera of
plankton comprising with 18 species were identified. This table also indicates that
zooplankton found at all sample station were very poor both in diversity and density. There
were only total 6 species, and only 3 species in Phylum Arthropoda, Basmina longirrstris,
Calanoid copepod, and Copepod nauplii. The total zooplankton density in each sample
station ranges only 2,000-7,000 cells/cu.m.
Phytoplankton which regularly found at all stations were a green algae,
Pediastrum simplex, and a diatom Denticula sp. The dominant species was Anabaena sp.
with density of 150,000 cells/cu.m. at station 3 (Huai Lam Pha Shi). High percentage of
phytoplankton compared with those of zooplankton was found at all sampling stations with
the range of 90.40-98.50% of phytoplankton and 1.50-3.60% of zooplankton.
ENVtO0409112WSEC33.D0C                                                 PAGE 3-32



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                    FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.4-1
SPECIES COMPOSITON AND AIUNDANCEq OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS
AT FOUR SAMPLING STATIONS ALONG THE GAS PIPEUNE ROUTE, JUNE 8-11. 1995
Unit: ind. per cu.m.
Organisms                                                    Station
ST,1 Kwas Noi       ST.2 Kwee Noi    ST_3 Huai Lum          ST.4 Fa e Klong
River at Ban        River at Ban         Pha Shi at          River at Wat
Kheng Re Soft        Phu Ong Ka           Ban Thaphu           The Klong
PHYTOPLANKTON
Phylum Cyanophvta /Bu- green algae)
Anabaena sp.                                                                     150,000              20.000
Mernsmopedia tenuissima Lem.                                                                          60.r00
Phylum Chlorophyta (Green algae)
Oedogonium sp                            20 000               4,00D
Pediastrum simplex /Meyen) Lemm          65 000              46W00               32.00                18.000
Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatom)
Denticula sp                             40,000              25.0O0                2.000              32,000
Diatoma elongarum Agardh                  3000                2. 000-                                  2.500
Eunotia sp.                                              -                         2.000
Nitzschea paina (Kuetring) WSmrth         2.000
Rhrzosolenia longiseta Zach                    .             10.000 
Surtrelta renera Gregory                  1.000                                                        2.500
Synedra ulna Ehrenberg                                       20.000                5,000
Phylum Chrysophyta (Yellow-green agae)
DLnobryon sefulabra Ehrenberg                                                     24. OD
Subtotal Phytoplarnton             131000              107.000              215.000             135.000
ZOOPLANKTON
Phylum Protozoa (Protozoan)
Centropyxis ecormsa (Ehr) Leady                                                    2D000
Ddflug,a tucerculara Wallich                                       -               1.000
Phylum Rotlera (Rgffer)
KerateAa tropeca Apstein                  7 C00               2.000                    -                    -
Phylum Arthropoda (ArthropoJ)
Bosmina onigrostns (O.F.Muller)                               2000                                     1.000
Calanord copepod                          1.0D0                                    2 000               1.000
CopePod naupiih,                                                                   2.000               2.000
Subtotal Zooplankion                2 000                400D               7,000               4.000
GRAND TOTAL                     133000              11700W               2220D0              139.000
PERCENTAGE OF PHYTOPLANKTON                 9850                9640                9685                 9712
PERCENTAGE OF ZOOPLANKTON                   1t50                3 60                3 15                 288
ENVl004l97l2e2tA&a3-1.XtLS                                                                                                        PAGE  3-33



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
3.4.3.2   Benthic Organisms
Identification of benthos samples collected from four sampling stations on June
8-11, 1995 was shown in Table 3.4-2. The data showed low both in density and in diversity
of benThic organism in the studied area. The density in each station was in range of 44-132
individuals/sq.m. with average of 104.5 individual/sq.m.
For diversity, only five Families of Phylum Arthodopa were found, and all of them
are in class Insecta with larvae form. Insect lavae in Family Ephemeroptera, Caenidae, and
Canaceidae were found at station 1 and 2, 2 and 4, and 2 and 3, respectively, while insect
lavae in Family Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae were found only at station 2, and 4,
respectively.
3.5      SOIL
3.5.1    Introduction
Soil study and observation were conducted along the transmission gas pipeline
beginning from EGAT Power Plant in Ratchaburi province to Ban ITong in Kanchanaburi
province. The studied area covered 100 meters strip along the entried route of the pipeline
which will recive the direct impacts from project development.
3.5.2    Study Methodology
The study on soil characteristics carried out as the following steps.
(1) Data Collection
All relevant data on soils around the project area are collected from:
-   Soil maps of Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces prepared by Land
Development Department,
-   Soil survey reports of Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces prepared
by Land Development Department.,
ENV104d7125MEC-333.OC                                                 PAGE 3-34



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                 FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.4-2
ABUNDANCE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AT FOUR SAMPLING STATIONS
ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE, JUNE 8-11, 1995
Unit: ind. per sq.m.
Organisms                                                      Sution
ST.1 Kwae Nol        ST.2 Kwae Noi        ST.3 Huai Lum         ST.4 Mae Kiong
River at Ban         River at Ban           Pha Shi at          River at Wat
Khaeng Ra Boet         Phu Ong Ka           Ban Tha Phu            Tha Kiong
Phylum Arthopoda
Class lnsecta (larvae)
Order Ephemeroptera
Family Ephemeroptera             132                   44                      .
Famiiy Baetidae                     .                    .
Family Caenidae                                        22                                          22
Order Coleoptera
Family Hydrophilidae                                   22
Family Dytiscidae         .                                                   .                    22
Order Diptera (midges)
Family Canaceidae                                      22                   132
TOTAL DENSITY                     132                   110                  132                    44
PAGE 3-35
5NvIroOd87126rrAB34.2.XLs



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
-   Pandiromatic aerial photograph by Royal Thai Survey Department at the
scale of 1:50,000, and
-   Rainfall data from Meteorological Department.
!2! Field WAIn-k
By using soil maps as references, the survey teams checked the
characteristics of each soil series along the route by augering at depth of 1.50-2.00 metres.
The soil texture, pH, color, and structures were recorded from the field observation.
(3) Office Work
Based on the information obtained from the field surveys, soil maps were
prepared and estimated soil loss was calculated by the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).
3.5.3    Results of the Study
3.5.3.1   Morphological Features and Soil Series
From the soil survey, soil series on seven different landforms were found along
the transmission pipeline as follows:
(1) Soil on Former Tidal Flat
The soil type found in this area is originated from brackish alluvial deposit.
The area is mostly flat, and flooded in rainy season. The soil characteristics are deep, clayey
texture, and poorly drained. The soil series is classified as Bang Len.
(2) Soils on Floodplain and Levee
Soils are generally formed by alluvial deposit. This area is nearly flat and
flooded in rainy season. The soil characteristics are deep in profile, and clayey texture. Soil
series found on this area are classified as Ratchaburi, Bang Pa In, and Tha Muang.
(3) Soils on Semi-recent Terrace
Soils are mainly formed by semi-recent alluvium. The area is nearly flat and
always flooded in rainy season. Most of the soils are deep in profiles, and having the clay
loam to silt loam textures. Soil series observed on this area are Deum Bang, and Chainat.
ENV1007t712SMEC-3.DOC                                                     PAGE 3-36



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
(4) Soils on Low Terrace
Soils are derived from old alluvium. This area is neary flat, and slope ranges
from 0-2%. The soils are generally deep in profile. Their textures range from clayey to
sandy loam. Soil series found on this area are Pak Tho, and Nakhon Phanom.
(5) Soils on Middle to High Terrace
Soils are formed by old alluvium. The area is undulating, and slope ranges
from 2-15%. The soils are deep in profile, and well drained in nature. Their textures range
from clay loam to sandy. Soils series found on this area are Soong Noen, Khorat,
Namphong, Phone Phisai, Si Khiu, and Mae Rim.
(6) Soils on Dissected Erosion Surface and Foot Hill
Soils on this area are formed by colluvium and residium influences. The area
is undulating to rolling with slope ranges from 2-25%. The soil textures are clay loam to
clay. Soil series observed mostly are Takhli, Takhli brown, Pak Chong, Hin Son, Thap
Kwang, Wang Chomphu, Tha Yang, and Lard Ya.
(7) Soil on Hilly Area
Soil is mainly derived from residium. Most of the areas are hilly in
landscape. The soil profile is relatively shallow. Soil series found on this area is slope
complex.
The details of each soil series are shown in Appendix B Figure B-1 and
Table B-1.
3.5.3.2   Soil Preperties
Soil survey team checked the different soil series by augering at a depth of 1.50-
2.00 meters. A typical soil profile of each soil series was examined and some other
characteristics were recorded. Surface soil (0-30 cm) and sub-soil (30-60 cm) samples were
collected and sent to the laboratory for routine analysis. The main characteristics observed
in the field were soil structure, soil permeability and soil drainage. Soil texture and pH were
analyzed in the laboratory (The details of soil properties in the pipeline route are shown in
Appendix B Table B-1).
ENVtAOOJl47125,5EC.333.DWC                                                PAGE 3-37



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
3.5.3.3 Soil Erosion
The estimations of soil lossed erosion along the gas transmission line were
undertaken for 3 scenarios i.e., without the project, with the project but no measures, and
witn project with measures.
The amount of soil losses was calculated by the Universal Soil Loss equation as:
A   =    RKLSCP
where  A   =    The average soil losses (Tlha/year)
R   =    Rainfall erosion index (Metrict Ton/ha/year)
K   =    Soil erodibility factor
L   =    Slope length factor (m)
S   =    Slope steepness factor
C   =    Cropping management factor
P   =    Erosion control practice
Since there were 46 soil series occurred along the pipeline route, the area of
each soil series in 20 meters strips on both side of the alignment was measured (data as
shown in Appendix B Table B-2). The value of each factor that affect the soil loss equation
is depended on soil properties, slopes and cultivation practices. Then the amount of soil
loss (tons/rai/year) was also calculated as Appendix B, and Table B-3 was finally reported in
Appendix B Table B-4.
The results in Appendix B Table B-4 have shown the amount of top soil of each
series is eroded in each year. The comparison of soil erosion in the above three scenarios
revealed that the amount of soil erosion with the project and no mitigation measures is very
high, especially, for Slope Complex (2,031 tons/rai/year). In case of project with mitigation
measures, the amount of soil losses is only 20 tons/rai/year which is a little higher than that
when without the project (16 tons/rai/year). Comparing with the other soil series, in case of
with project implementation and mitigation measure, the amount of soil loss is lower than
that when without the project and far below with project and no mitigation measures.
These results indicated that mitigation measures are necessary for the area
where soil surfaces are disturbed. Carefully in land planning and strictly mitigation measures
ENV1OD725jSEC-333.OC                                                     PAGE 3-38



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
must be used in high slope area (more than 35%) such as Slope Complex. This soil serie is
located in watershed class 1 A and 1 B which found mostly in Kanchanaburi province. Hence,
proper measures during construction and operation must be applied for reducing the soil
lossed by erosion.
3.6      FORESTRY
The natural forest is a valuable resource that should be utilized in sustainable
basis and protected stringently for future generations. Human benefits in innumerable
services are obtained from the forest. The direct benefits are sources of food, shelters, and
medicines, and the indirect benefits are for maintaining regular rainfall and for providing
pleasant atmosphere for life qualities.
3.6.1    Objectives
T ne objectives of this stuudy are
-   to survey the existing conditions of forests and ground-covering vegetation
along the pipeline routes, concentrating in the 100 m strip along both sides
of the alignment,
-   to assess the likely-to-occurred impacts arising from the project development
on the natural forests and ground vegetation, and
-   to propose the mitigation measures for such undesirable impacts and their
monitoring measures.
3.6.2    Scopes of Study
This study dealt with the existing forest types in term of general conditions,
dominant tree species and other observed trees, analysis of the average densities of trees,
saplings, seedlings, and bamboos, average volume and net volume of timber, and timber
values that subjected to be extracted by the project development. All details were studied
within the 100 m strip along both sides of the pipeline. Understanding of these details, they
were used to determinate future mitigation and monitoring measures.
ENV1004Sr126,SEC-=.3DC                                                  PAGE 3-39



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
3.6.3    Methodology
3.6.3.1   Detailed Study
(11  A.l of secondary data involvingV the forcst resources in the study area arid in
the neighbouring areas were accumulated, for instance, the various reports of the Royal
Forest Department. Those data were used as baseline information for future studies, and
analyzed for assessing the impacts occurred from the project implement.
(2) Surveying both in the vicinity area and in the study area for topographical
conditions, the forest types, and the concised land use patterns were incorporated. The
topographic maps, scale 1:50,000 was used as aids for surveying and for determining
amounts of the sampling plots.
(3) The sampling method for this study is stratified line plot system. The
practical process is setting the sampling plots along the whole length of the pipeline and in
the area of 100 m on both sides of alignment, so the plots were distributed randomly by
land use types, forest types, altitudes, and topographic condition.
3.6.3.2 Sampling Plot Sizes
In both the preliminary and the detailed studies, three sizes of temporary
sampling plots were used, with the following purposes:
2
(1) The circular sampling plots of 17.85 m radius (area of 1,000 m  or 0.1
hectare) were used for collecting the data on trees of diameter over 10 cm at breast height.
2
(2) The square plots of 5x5 m  were used for studclying the samplings which
were those small trees higher than 1.30 m and having the diameter at breast height less
than 10 cm.
(3) The square plots of 2x2 m  were used for studying the seedlings which
comprising those lower than 1.30 m in height.
ENV1O04A712515EC-363.OC                                                PAGE 3-40



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
3.6.3.3   Data Collection
(1) The Circular Sampling Plots
The objective of study for these sampling plots is to determine the
ecological characteristics of trees along the alignment. The collected data were exisitng tree
species, their total and commercial heights, their timber quality (TQ), and numbers of log
timber (5 m each). For timber quality, there are 3 classes as follows:
-   First quality. The timbers whose diameters are 30 cm or over, are
further divided into:
*   Quality class 1.1 - those of unbranched boles, suitable for all wood
handling processes, with relatively little leftovers.
*   Quality class 1.2 - those of less unbranched boles, but can still be
processes economically with relatively high leftovers.
a   Quality class 1.3 - those unsuitable for wood-handling processes,
because of their deformed conditions, whether instead hollowed or
naturally destroyed, only suitable for fuelwood or making charcoal.
-   Second quality. The timbers whose diameters vary between 10-30
cm are classified as unbranched condition, or usable as round poles.
-   Third quality. The timbers whose diameters only larger than 10 cm
are in deformed condition (i.e. twisted, hollowed or badly damaged),
unusable for round poles or being processed. Generally, they are
suitable for fuelwood or making charcoal.
In addition, the observed bamboo clumps in the plots, which are economic
forest plants essential for the livings of rural people, were also studied. The species,
number of clumps, number of poles per clump, and the average of pole diameters were
recorded.
(2) The temporary square plot of 5x5 m
Each plot was placed at the centre of each circular plot. The objective of
study for these plots is to determine the saplings along the alignment. The species,
ENV1OO419712I5SEC-363MDOC                                                PAGE 3-41



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
numbers, and average height of saplings were noted. Those obtained data were used for
the calculation of the sapling density, for the status assessment of the forest ecology, and
for the expectation of species and density of saplings, as well as for the expectation of the
future niaturai succession to become tree communities.
2~~~~~~~~
(3) The temporary square plot of 2x2 m
Each plot was overlaidly placed at the centre of each 5x5 m  square plot;
the species and numbers of seedlings, including the undergrowth, were recorded. Then, the
obtained data were used for the analysis of the seedling density, including for the
assessment of the potential of the natural succession that becoming the future sapling
community.
3.6.4    Results of the Study
3.6.4.1   Literature Review
The laborious and time-consuming tasks in compilation of available secondary
data concerning the forest and protected areas of Kanchanaburi province were primarily
taken from the relevant govemmental agencies, the Royal Forest Department. The
Province's general forest conditions of the years B.E. 2525-2536 (1982-1993), and protected
areas have been provided with the following details:
(1) Forest Areas
Kanchanaburi has the total area of 12,176,967.5 rais, of which 5,014,375 rais
are the reserved forest areas. The remaining forest area (as existing in B.E. 2536) is
6,713,750 rais or equal to 55.14% of the total provincial area, while the regional forest area,
the combination of central and westem regions, is only 24.30%, and the total country's
figure is only 26.02% (Table 3.6-1). It is evident that Kanchanaburi province still harbours the
large remaining ly orest area. in addition, this province is ranked as the fourth of the country
in possessing the forest areas proportion, less than Chiang Mai (71.72%), Mae Hong Son
(71.37%) and Lampang (64.67%).
ENV1004712BSEC-363.DOC                                                 PAGE 3-42



M
TABLE 3.6-1                                                                                         m
COMPARISONS OF KANCHANABURI'S FOREST AREAS WITH THOSE OF COMBINED
z
CENTRAL AND WESTERN REGION, AND OF THAILAND (B.E. 2525 - 2536)                                                                                     z
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Kanchanaburi's Forest             Combined Regional Forest             Country's Forest Areas
B.E.                        Areas                                Areas                                                               Remarks                         m
Rai                                  Ral                                FRai                                                                   m .
0
_________                                                                    __  _  _ _  _  _  _ _  _     _              C-
2525                 7,760,625           63.73           11,572,500           27.47         97,875,000         30.52     1.  Kanchanaburi has the total
2528                 7,226,250           59.34           11,053,125           26.24         94,291,250         29.40         areas of 12,176,967.5 rais.
2531                 7,021,250           57.66           10,777,500           25.59         89,876,875         28.03    2.  Declared reserved forest areais
2532                 7,011,250           57.58           10,764,375           25.55         89,635,625         27.95         as 5,014,375 rais.
2534                 6,769,375           55.59           10,385,000           24.64         85,436,250         26.64
2536                 6,713,750           55.14           10,234,375           24.30         83,450,625         26.02
Decreasing rate of
forest areas (railyear)       81,041.67                           121,647.73                       1,311,306.82                                               .z
> 
m                                                                                                .
*        Source    Royal Forest Department, B.E. 2536.                                                                                                                                  o



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
During the previous 11 years observation (B.E. 2525-2536), the decreasing
rate of the forest area of Kanchanaburi Province was averagely 81,041.67 raisNyear; while
the decreasing rate of the central and westem region together was averagely 121,647.73
rais/year, and of the country was averagely 1,311,306.82 rais/year. The province decreasing
rate of the forest area is comparatively high, when compared to other provinces in the
central and western regions. Hence, it is one of the province with a high rate of decreasing
forest area. Phetchaburi province is classified as the second rank with the decreasing rate
of 17,556.82 rais/year.
From the above-mentioned data, Kanchanaburi is one of the province still
holding considerable amounts of forest area. The needs for protection and forest
conservation in this particular province are rather urgent for actual implement, in order to
avoid any encroachments of the remaining forest areas. Hence, this natural resource will
benefit all the succeeding generations of Thai people as well as our country.
(2) Protected Areas
As Kanchanaburi province is in the fourth rank of the highest forest areas of
the country, and in the first rank of the region, the Royal Forest Department, in recognition
of this outstanding importance, has already established a network of agencies for protecting
and conserving the forest resources in this province. This network includes four national
parks and one proposed national park, i.e., Erawan National Park with the areas of 343,750
rais, Chalerm Rattanakosin National Park with the areas of 36,875 rais, Sai Yok National Park
with the areas of 312,500 rais, Khao Laem National Park with the areas of 935,625 rais, and
Thong Pha Phum proposed National Park.
As a part of the protection and conservation network, the Royal Forest
Department has also established two wildlife sanctuaries, Salak Phra and Thung Yai, as vital
habitats for important and rare wild animal species. Salak Phra is the country's first wildlife
sanctuary having the total areas of 536,594 rais, and Thung Yai is declared as a World
Heritige site by UNESCO, having the total areas of 2,279,500 rais. Both of them are
encompassing the forest areas both in Kanchanaburi and in Tak provinces.
ENV100"97125A5EC-363DOC                                                   PAGE 3-44



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                          FINAL REPORT
Other protected areas established by the Royal Forest Department are two
non-hunting areas, Tham Lawa - Tham Dao Wa Dung and Bung Kreng Kawia non-hunting
areas. Tham Lawo-Tham Dao Wa Dung non-hunting area covers 25,937 rais in total areas,
and has already incorporated into Sai Yok National Park. Bung Kreng Kawia non-hunting
covers 320,00 rais, and presently has already incorporated into Khao Laem National Park.
Details of protected areas in Kanchanaburi province are also shown in Table 3.6-2.
The above-mentioned data strongly reflect that the Royal Forest Department
has recognized the prime importance of the remaining forest areas in Kanchanaburi province
as national resources and essential habitats for diverse species of wildlife. Unfortunately,
the present forest encroachments still can not be controlled efficiently enough to save our
national heritages.
3.6.4.2 Field Survey Results
(1) Natural forests
Along the entire length of the pipeline route, there are good stands of
natural forest only when it passes through the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park
area, between the grid coordinates 44100 E - 1617500 N and 450000 E - 1613500 N
(Appendix C Table C-1). The vegetation type in this region is the remaining patches of the
dry evergreen forest surrounded by encroached areas which has been abandoned. These
encroached areas are now covered with dense clumps of dwarf bamboo - Phai hiae
(Cephalostachyum virgatum Kurz).
The patches of dry evergreen forest has an average crown cover of 80% of
the patches' area, with dense growth of intermixed saplings and trees. Some parts,
especially around the hill bases with shallow soil surface, are gradually invaded by
deciduous tree species, Phai saang (Dendrocalamus strictus Nees).
ENV1OU4i712SSEC-363DQC                                                PAGE 3-45



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                               FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.6-2
PROTECTED AREAS OF KANCHANABURI
f~                               f                               I 
Projected Area                    Area        Encompassed   Date of Declaration in
(Rai)         Province      Government Gazetteer
1. National Parks
1)   Erawan                                 343,750   Kanchanaburi       19 Jun. 1975
2)   Chalerm Rattanakosin                    36,875   Kanchanaburi       12 Feb. 1980
3)   Sai Yok                                312,500   Kanchanaburi      27 Oct. 1980
4)   Khao Laem                              935,625   Kanchanaburi       8 Nov. 1991
5)  Thong Pha Phum                                     Kanchanaburi      under preparation
2. Wildlife Sanctuaries
1)  Salak Phra                              536,594   Kanchanaburi      31 Dec. 1965
2)  Thung Yai Naresuan                     2,279,500   Kanchanaburi, Tak  1 Jan. 1979
3. Non-hunting Areas
1)  Tham Lawa - Tham Dao Wa Dung *           25,937   Kanchanaburi       8 Jun. 1976
2)   Bung Gerng Grawia and                  320,000   Kanchanaburi       1 Jan. 1979
Nong Nam Sab*_
Remarks          Presently incorporated into Sai Yok National Park.
** Presently incorporated into Khao Laem National Park.
Source: (1) Royal Forest Department (a).
(2) Royal Forest Department (b).
PAGE 3-46
ENV100W71WT534/TA92-X)S



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
The dominant tree species of the dry evergreen forest are Mang taan
(Schima wallichii Korth.), Pho baai (Sapium baccatum Roxb.) and Lamyai paa (Paranephelium
longifoliolatum Lec.). Besides the trees, at least 7 bamboo species also present along the
pipeline route, such as Phai bong (Bambusa natans Wall.), Phai saang (Dendrocalamus
strictus Nees), Phai hok (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees), Phai phaak man (Gigantochloa
hasskarliana Back. ex K. Heyne), etc.
The forest canopy is divided into three storeys, upper, middle, and lower
storeys. The upper storey is higher than 20 m, constituted by tree species, such as
Sattaban (Alstonia scholaris R. Br.), Yaang daeng (Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn, f.), Po ee
keng (Pterocymbium javanicum R. Br.), Kanaan pling (Pterospermum acerifolium Willd.), Kho
laen (Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz), etc. Furthermore, at about the grid coordinate 446700 E
- 1612700 N, a dense stand of Yaang naa (Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb.) was observed.
The middle storey is 10-20 m high, in which the smaller size of trees of the
upper layer species were found growing together with the following tree species, Ma taat
(Dillenia indica Linn.), Pho baai (Sapium baccatum Roxb.), Krabao yai (Hydnocarpus
anthelminthicus Pierre), Waa (Eugenia sp.) Lueat raet (Knema globularia Warb.), Langsaat
(Aglaia domestica Pelleg.), Tabaek (Lagerstroemia sp.), Kaasae (Millettia atropurpurea
Benth.), Haat (Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.), etc.
The lower storey, 3-10 m high, forms a continuous canopy comprising the
saplings of the upper two storeys and other small trees species or shrubs, dominating ones
among them are Chik suan (Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.), Kraphee khruea (Dalbergia
foliacea Wall.), Kraphee khao khwaai (Millettia leucantha Kurz), Lot (Symplocos ferruginea
Roxb.), Hatsakhun (Micromelum minutum Wlght & Arn.), Phekaa (Oroxylum indicum Vent.),
Haen naa (Terminalia glaucifolia Craib), and So (Gmelina arborea Roxb.). Besides those three
storeys, the ground vegetation is a scattered shrubs growing among carpets of herbaceous
plants, the outstanding ones are Khem paa (Pavetta wallichiana Steud.), Phak naam chaang
(Pseudobrassaiopsis polyacantha Bannerjee), and Khaa ling (Alpinia conchigera Griff.).
ENVI004m7125/SEC-363.DOC                                                 PAGE 3-47



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
(2) Forest plantations
The forest plantations passed through by the pipeline route are mostly the
Thong Pha Phum Forest Plantation, which is belonged to the Forest Industry Organization.
This pnantation has kben eessi-ezy plantad in plots from  ir�c1O  with UdifferLtree
species. Details of the planting are as follows--
In 1985, 2 tree species were planted, Lian (Melia azedarach Linn.) and
2
rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). The former was planted in 3x3 m  spacing. The
average DBH height is 17.0 cm and the average tree height is 14 m. The latter was planted
in 3x8 m spacing. The average DBH height is 19.2 cm and the average tree height is 19 m.
In 1986, 2 tree species were planted, rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.
Arg.) and eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.). The former was planted in 3x6
2
m spacing the average DBH height is 19.1 cm and the average tree height is 19 m. While
the latter was planted in 4x2 m spacing, the average DBH height is 14.6 cm and the
average tree height is 12 m 2
In 1987, no plots along the pipeline route was planted.
2
In 1988, only teak tree (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) was planted in 4x4 m
spacing, the average DBH height is 13.0 cm and the average tree height is 7 m.
3.6.4.3 Tree Densities and Wood volumes
(1) Natural forests
The natural dry evergreen forest along the pipeline route has the average
tree density of 88 trees/ha, the average sapling density of 1,974 saplings/ha, and the
average seedling density of 11,210 seedlings/ha, (Table 3.6-3 and Appendix C Table C-2 to
3
C4), and the average wood volume of 81.263 m /ha. The wood volume can be devided by
the log wood quality to be 3 classes. For the 1st class, average DBH values is 30 cm or
3
more with straight and branchiess trunks, and volume is 69.289 m /ha. For the 2nd class,
average DBH values is between 10-30 cm with straight and branchless trunks and volume
EN1ItD4712I5EC-363OC                                                   PAGE 3-48



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
3
is 2.208 m /ha. Lastly, for the 3rd class, DBH values is 10 cm or less with twisted trunks
which is good only f or fuel wood, and volume is 9.766 m /ha (Appendix C Table C-5).
TABLE 3.6-3
DENSITY OF VEGETATIONS ALONG PIPELINE ROUTE
Type               Density (Individuals/Ha)
1. Trees                         88
2. Sapling                      1,974
3. Seedling                     11,210
Apart from the tree species, there are at least 7 bamboo species with the
average density of 513 poles/ha (Appendix C Table C-6).
(2) Forest plantations
(a) 1985 - planted plantations
-   Lian (Melia azedarach): the average density is 1,110 trees/ha (the
planting space 3x3 m) and the average wood volume is 91.172
m /ha.
-   Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis): the average density is 416
trees/ha (the planting space 3x8 m) and the average wood volume
3
is 24.750 m /ha.
(b) 1986 - planted plantations
-   Rubber trees: the average density is 556 trees/ha (the planting
space 3x6 m) and the average wood volume is 20.267 m /ha.
ENV1004/97125,SEC.363DOC                                                PAGE 3-49



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
-   Eucalyptus trees: the average tree density is 1,250 trees/ha (the
planting space 2x4 m) and the average wood volume is 32.776
3
rn/ha.
k-) 1988 - pianted piantations
Only the teak trees was planted with the average density of 625 trees/
3
ha (the planting space 4x4 m) and the average wood volume of 11.228 m /ha.
3.6.4.4 Timber Value
The calculation of the timber value of the forest is based on the current market
price, and under the assumption that the actual project will be implemented in the
proposed site. The market prices of various wood species differ widely among the 6 tree
groups, as--
1 tree group:   teak (Tectana grandis Linn. f.)
2  tree group:   Makhaa mong (Afzelia xylocarpa Craib)
rd
3 tree group:    Pra duu (Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz)
4 tree group:    Daeng (W(ylia xylocarpa Taub.)
th
5 tree group:   Teng (Shorea obtusa Wall.) and
Rang (Shorea siamensis Miq.)
6 tree group:    other tree species, apart from the above-mentioned ones.
Furthermore, the timber values are determined into 2 classes, the first class
timber is the straigh and branchless trunk with at least 30 cm DBH (timber quality No.1.1
and 1.2), and the second quality class is the timber which has the DBH value between 10-
30 cm with straight (timber quality No.2), and branchless trunks. The market prices for
these calculations are based principally on those provided by the Kasetsart University (1995)
as:
EWYV100497251SEC-36DOC'                                                PAGE 3-50



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
r                       f                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3
Tree Group                Tree Species                     Price (Baht/m
Thai Name        Scientific Name        1 Class       2  Class
1       Teak (Sak)     Tectana grandis             16,000.00     13,000.00
2        Makhaa mong  Afzelia xylocarpa             7,000.00      5,500.00
3        Praduu        Pterocarpus macrocarpus      6,000.00      4,500.00
4        Daeng         Xylia xylocarpa              5,000.00      4,500.00
5        Teng          Shorea obtusa                4,000.00      3,500.00
Rang         Shorea siamensis
6        Other                                      3,500.00      3,000.00
The total wood value of the forest is the product of the market price subtract
with the logging expense, the capital interest, the concession cost, and the capital risk cost,
as advised by the Kasetsart University (1995), with the following detail.
UNIT: BATH
th
Items                                6  Tree Group
1  Class            2  Class
1. Market Price                                   3,500               3,500
2. Logging Expense                                 505                 505
3. Capital Interest (15% of total expense)        75.80               75.80
rid       rd
4. Combined Expense (2  item + 3  item)          580.80               580.80
St      t
5. Preliminary profit (1 item - 4  item)        2,919.20             2,419.20
6. Concession cost (30% of 5  item) and         1,021.70              246.70
Capital risk Cost (5% of 5 item)
7. Net Timber Value (6 item - 5  item)           1,897.50            1,572.50
ENVIO04/9712SISEC-363.DOC                                                 PAGE 3-51



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
3
Apart from these, the fuel wood cost of 110 bahts/m  and the bamboo cost of 7
bahts/ pole, will not be calculated for the logging expenses. For the bamboos, only those
having the pole diameters of 5 cm or more are considered herein.
Thp c-r cjintinn nf the timbhr values in the forest of the  "posed Thong  lha
Phum National Park that subjected to be cleared away in the 9-km long and 20-m wide,
reveals that the total 18 ha of forest areas will be cieared with total timber values of
2,555,681.42 bahts. This value comprises of the highest value of the 1 quality class for
2,417,798.30 bahts, the value of the 2 quality class of 62,497.44 bahts, the value of the
3 quality class (Fuel wood) of 19,336.68 bahts, and the value of bamboos of 56,049 bahts
(Table 3.6-4).
3.6.4.5 Future Timber Values
The calculation of the timber values in the future, if the forest trees in the project
area are left to grow there naturally, is base on forest increment. This increment depends
on forest management practice that if no project development is being done.
In general, the increment of the evergreen forest is 2.5% of the existing timber
volume, and of the bamboo forest is 25% of the total number of poles. This annually
gained increment can be sustainably used, without any conflicts to the existing stock value.
The bamboo-collecting concession has been provided the 4-year rotation harvest, i.e. within
4 successive years the bamboos can successfully grow new poles in sufficient numbers to
compensate the harvested ones.
The present study indicated that in the project area of the proposed Thong Pha
3
Phum National Park, the annual forest increment is 36.569 m. This volume consists of
33
31.18 m  of the timber quality class 1, 0.994 m3 of the class 2, and 4.395 m  of the class
3. In addition, the annual increment of the bamboos is 2,002 poles. From this data, the
calculated total timber vaiue is 75,224.57 bahts/year, which is 61,210.57 bahts for the trees,
and is 14,014 bahts for the bamboos.
6NV104071255EC-383XOOC                                                 PAGE 3-52



TABLE  3.1;-4                                                                      >
THE CALCULATION OF THE TIMBER VALUES                                                                    >
_ _             _ _  _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _  _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _  _ _  _ _ _    _>
2
Items                                  Timber Quality                                 Bamboo           Grand Total
Class 1        Class 2         Class 3          Total
U,
m
I-
3                                                                                                                         ITI
Average Volume (m /ha)          69.289           2.208           9.766         81.263         444.84 (poles/ha)
m
0
Net Volume (m )              1,247.202         39.744         175.738       1,462.734         8,007 (poles)
Total Value (Baht)        2,417,798.30      62,497.44       19,336.58    2,499,632.42        56,049              2,555,681.42
3    2)
Increment (m /year)              31.18           0.994          4.395          36.569         2,002 (poles/year)
Annual Value (Baht/year)     59,164.05        1,563.07         483.45       61,210.57        14,014                75,224.57
Remark  (1) Gas Pipeline Pass Along the Forest Area in the National Park about 9 km.
(21 Dry evergreen Forest Increment is 2.5% of Stock Volume (Backer and Openshaw, 1972).
(3) Diameter Over 5 cm. of Bamboo were Computed for Total Value.
(4) Bamboo Increment is 25% of Total pole.                                                                                     >11
C)                                                                                                                                                       m
m                                                                                                                                                        mV
01~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
There are two equations for the calculation. Equation (1) is for future timber value
prediction and equation (2) is for present value estimation as follows:
Equation (1)
1(1 +P) -1 ]
p
Equation (2)
n
1( +P) -11       F\/
PV =  A    -=2
P           (1 +P)
While: FV  =    future timber value
PV =    present timber value
A   =    net income = annual added value
P  =    Inflation rate, based on 7%
n   =    Future period (year)
The future timber values thus calculated show that in the next 10 years the
gained timber volumes, by the sustainable use, will cost 1,039,336.36 bahts or equivalent to
the present values of 528,345.90 bahts. In the next 2 decades, the values will be
3,083.868.28 bahts or equivalent to the present values of 796,930.17 bahts. On reaching
th
the 50 year, the future timber values will be 30,580,963.91 bahts or equivalent to the
present values of 1,038,155.21 bahts (Table 3.6-5).
3.6.4.6 Ecological Values of Forest
Ecological system consists of two main parts, structure and function. The
structure is the combination of life and environment, and the function is the cycle that
transfer and recycle carbon and energy.
ENV1004M7125/SEC4-.OC'                                                 PAGE 3-54



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJEt                                        FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.6-5
THE FUTURE TIMBER VALUES
Future Period: n      Net Income : A    Future Value: FV u(1)    Present Value: PV u(2)
(Year)            (Baht/year)               (Baht)                    (Baht)
1              75,224.57              75,224.57                70,303.34
10              75,224.57           1,039,336.36               528,345.90
20              75,224.57           3,083,868.28               796,930.17
30              75,224.57           7,105,772.03               933,464.79
40              75,224.57          15,017,465.45              1,002,872.06
50              75,224.57          30,580,963.91              1,038,155.21
A [(l+P) -1]
Remark:    (1) Future Value  FV -         _l __
P
While : A = Net income = annual value
P = inflation rate; based on 7%
n = future period (year)
(2) Present Value PV =      A It1+P) -11               FV
P(1 p)n                11 +P)L
ENV1004t37134/rAB36r5SABS                                                           PAGE 3-55



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
Forest is an important factor of ecological system. Evolution of forest ecological
value needs to consider the following aspects:
(1) Forest Composition
Important forest .comnositions that need-- to be considered are species
diversity, and proportion of vegetations in different age groups. The area with high species
diversity carries high ecological value. The proportion of vegetations is focussed on variation
of age group, e.g., tree, sapling and seedling. When the ratio of vegetation and age group
are plotted, the pyramid with wide base and point tip with large number of seedlings at the
base reflecting the high regeneration capacity of the system which indicating high ecological
value.
For the project area, there are at least 104 plant species in 47 families
which is relatively high species diversity. Furthermore, for the proportion of vegetations, the
ratio of tree:seedling:sapling is 1:22.4:127.7 which is in a board base pyramid diagram with
steep peak that represent a very good natural forest regeneration. From these data, it can
be then concluded that the forest composition is of high value ecosystem.
(2) Functions of the Forest
The main function of the forest in the ecosystem is to transfer the nutrient
and energy from one to the others. In the area with high biodiversity, the nutrients are
recycled very fast. The plant are continuously growth, so large amount of nutrient are
stored in the plant. When any part of the plant fall, nutrients will be released by rapid
decomposition. In evergreen forest, there are falling of parts from different types of plant
throughout the year, so these organic matter are decomposed for all year round. In addition,
the high humidity in the forest accelerates the decomposition rate. For this reason,
decomposition in this area is quick and continuous advance. From this phenomena, it can
be inferred that the function of this kind of forest in the ecosystem is highly significant.
In the project area where the main forest type is dry evergreen forest with
high humidity, the leaves of different types of trees fall at different times throughout the
year, and the decomposition of these biomass occurs continuously. As a result, the nutrient
ENV1004"7251CD3BOC                                                      PAGE 3-56



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
transfer is highly effective, and the forest in the project area is very important to the
ecosystem.
It can be concluded that, the area that will be affected by the project within
the Thong Pha Phum National Park is dry evergreen forest with high value of forest ecology
both interms of structure and composition.
3.6.4.7 Conservation Value
National park and wildlife sanctuaries are the areas with prime importance interm
of conservation. Therefore, the areas which have been declared as national park or wildlife
sanctuaries can be regarded as high conservation value.
Part of the project area is located within the Thong Pha Phum proposed national
Park which is in the declaration process. This proposed national park is in the center of
other protected area, e.g., Thung Yai Naresuan wildlife sanctuary, Khao Laem National Park,
and Sai Yok National Park. In addition, this area is also connected to Myanmar on the west.
Although this area has not been officially declared as national park, it still can be accounted
as a conservation area.
3.7      WILDLIFE
Wildlife by nature, in close harmony with existing forest, is depending almost
wholly on the forest condition. The more pristine of the wilderness is also shown the more
diversity of the wildlife. Changes in the natural condition will lead to successive readaptation
of all levels and ecological trophics of life.
3.7.1    Objective
-   to survey the existing condition of wildlife inhabiting in the project area;
-   to assess the impacts likely to occur from the project development on the
habitats and the livings of indigenous wild animals; and
-   to propose the mitigation and monitoring measures on such undesirable
impacts.
ENV100l47125ShEC-363.O0C                                                 PAGE 3-57



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                               FINAL REPORT
3.7.2     Scope of Study
This present study is described in four main terrestrial vertebrate animals, i.e.
mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. The main study deaft with data collection and
field surveys sole,y along the selected alternative and its environs by focusing on species
diversity, relative abundance, and present status of wild animals, including the migration
tendency of observed wildlife and wildlife foodplants. The study compared the living of
wildlife in the prevailing conditions with the pipeline project and without such project. All
data obtained from the above studies were analysed to assess the impacts occurring from
the project implement together with the proposals of mitigation meesures and the
appropriate monitoring measures for future follow-up activities.
3.7.3    Methodology
(1) Species Diversity
Wildlife is naturally agile and highly active, and tends to avoid the
confrontation with human. Then, the detection of wild animals in their natural habitats is in
low possibility, and does not reflect the actual wildirfe populations. In order to achieve the
desired objectives and study scopes, various survey and sampling techniques were
employed in combination as follow-
(a) Direct count - Direct counting for species diversity and relative
abundance were made as follows:
-   carrying observation during the field works in the study area by
direct encounters and detecting their signs of activities, for
examples, tracks, droppings, leaf-feeding signs, nesting sites and
calls, etc. Notes for each particular species were made on their
preferred habitats, food, and shelters, and also on their numbers
and their activities when seen, etc. Surveys were conducted both
by day (6:00-1&.30 hr.) and by night (19:0024:00 hr.). The bounty
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPtLINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
system caught also use for our disposal by the native people,
especially for the secretive reptiles and amphibians;
-   trapping life which was designed for collecting data on hard-to-
observe small animals by setting trap lines along the gas pipeline.
The mist nets were also used fcr capturing small obscure bird
species in the daytime and bats in the night time. Those animals
trapped by this technique were identified, furthermore, appearance
and other data were also recorded in the field. After that, they
were released at the point of capture.
In case of some animals that were unable to be identified promptly in
the field and those closely-related species that require other intemal detail studies for
proper identification, they were photographed and preserved as voucher specimens in 70%
ethyl alcohol or formalin for further investigation in the laboratory.
(b) Indirect count - This process devided into two parts, secondary data
compilation, and interviewing. Secondary data compilation concemed about studied area and
its environs, while interviewing dealt with the reliable natives, hunters and officials who
have been resided in the study area for a considerable length of time and have been
familiar with the wild animal whereabouts from the past to the present. The purposes of
this technique are to verify occurrences of some animals and to enquire the degrees of the
utilization of the wildlife to assess the present status.
(2) Wildlife Habitat Study
This study employed routine field observation together with series of
photographs, and dealt with the details on the wildlife food plants, water sources, salt licks,
burrows, caves, and other ecological conditions of the wild animals which providing the
basic needs for their good health and safety. In addition, investigation to determine diversity
and quantity of wildlife foods were done in the project area and its environs, by the analysis
of data on the forest resources.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
3.7.4    Results of the Study
3.7.4.1   Secondary Data Compilation
Some nart of project area is situated in the boundary of Tong Pha Phum
proposed National Park which will be declared in the near future. The margins of the park
are as follow: the north adjoins to Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, a World Heritage
Site of UNESCO; the east adjoins to Khao Laem National Park; the south adjoins to Sai Yok
National Park; and the west adjoins to the frontier between Thailand and Myanmar which is
covered with lush vegetation. Collection of secondary data comprises all these neighbouring
protected areas which assumed to harbour the same array of wildlife, i.e., Thung Yai
Naresuan WVidlife Sanctuary, Khao Laem National Park and Sai Yok National Park.
Dealing with the wildlife aspect, the compilation of the secondary data have been
extracted from those studies recently done in the surrounding protected areas, i.e. the
Faculty of Forestry (1989)'s work on Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, who revealed
the existances of the total 420 wildlife species, comprising 68 mammal species, 289 bird
species, 48 reptilian species and 15 amphibian species. The management plan proposed by
Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (1994) for Khao Laem National
Park, indicated that there were at least 268 wildlife species, comprising 50 mammal
species, 186 bird species, 13 reptilian species and 19 amphibian species. Furthermore,
Forest Research Centre of the Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, had conducted the
surveys of the natural resources of the Sai Yok National Park which showed the presences
of the total 223 species of wild animals, comprising 58 mammal species, 114 bird species,
36 reptilian species and 15 amphibian species. The diversity, abundance, present status,
and WARPA (Wild Animals Reservation and Protection Act B.E. 2535) status of four main
wildlife groups existing within the nearby project area are shown in Appendix D Table D-1
to D-4. The data compilation revealed the natural occurrences of some endangered and rare
wild animals within the nearby protected areas, as follow:
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
(1) Mammals
Among the three protected areas under this study, only in the wilderness
areas of Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, found upto three species of endangered
animals, Lesser one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Asian two-homed rhinoceros
(Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), and Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata). Khao Laem National
Park has no endangered animal species known living in, but Sai Yok National Park has 2
species found, i.e. Hog-nosed bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyal) and Banteng (Bos
javanicus). Moreover, the endangered mammals which found in -tvo of the three protected
areas were White-handed gibbon (Hylobates Jar), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus),
Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosus), Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), Fea's muntjac
(Muntiacus feae), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), and Southern serow
(Naemorhedus sumatraensis).
(2) Birds
Five endangered bird species, known as inhabiting solely in Thung Yal
Naresuan Wildife Sanctuary, include Spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental
darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Black-necked stork
(Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus), and Rufour hombill (Aceros nipalensis). There are at least three
scarce bird species in Khao Laem National Park habours, Grey faced buzzard (Butastur
indicus), Rufous-bellied eagle (Hieraaetus kieneri,), and Oriental hobby (Falco severus),
whereas Sai Yok National Park has no such rare bird species in its boundary. Those birds of
special importance to conservation purpose that found to dwell in two of the three
protected areas.are White-winged duck (Cairina scutulata), Green peafowl (Pavo muticus),
Brown fish-owl (Ketupa zeylonensis), the Brown hornbill (Anorrhinus tickelit), Plain-pouched
hornbill (Aceros subruficollis), etc.
(3) Reptiles
Dealing with the rare or endangered reptilian species, five species regarded
as the endemics of Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, since they are found living only
in this protected area, not in other two such areas. They are Impressed tortoise (Manouria
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
impressa), Blunt-headed softshell (Pelochelys bibronm), Malayan softshell (Dogania subplana),
Black terrapin (Siebenrockiella crassicollis), and Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis).
Inhabited by 2 turtle species, Sai Yok National Park is the home of Big-headed turtle
(Piatystemon megacephalum) and the Malayan box terrapin (Cuora amboinensis). Khao
Laem National Park has not yet been reported to contain within it any endemic species.
However, some important reptilian species are know to occur in two of the three protected
areas, i.e. Burmese brown tortoise (Manouria emys), Giant softshell (Chitra chitra), Giant
terrapin (Heosemys grandis), etc.
(4) Amphibians
No rare and endangered amphibian species is found in the study area.
Naturally, this group of animal shows more scattered local distribution than other previously-
mentioned groups, because they mostly occur within two of the three protected areas.
Under the present study, the outstanding ones among them are Variegated toad-fros
(Leptobrachium hasseftii), Malayan giant t9ad (Bufo asper), Common brown frog (Rana
nigrovittata), Common bush frog (Polypedates leucomystax), Common burrowing frog
(Kaloula pulchra), Ornate froglet (Microhyla omata), etc.
3.7.4.2 Species Diversity and Local Distribution
The study on the species diversity of the wildlife indigenous to the project were
both by the actual field surveys along the pipeline routes and by the gatherings of reliable
-data on the wildlife species known to occur in the surrounding three protected areas which
are highly believed and assumed to occur in the p�roject area too. In addition, the time-
consuming task of interviewing the local inhabitants that residing in and around the project
area was also done. The study intensively proceeded in three protected areas, the northern-
adjoined Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, the eastem-adjoined Khao Laem National
Park, and the southem-adjoined Sai Yok National Park. However, while the western
boundary abutting Myanmar had no available data on wildlife for critical detail comparison
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
between sites, it was assumed that it shares almost the same arrays of wild animal
species.
The criteria for the inclusion of particular animal species living in the project area
are following consideration:
-   capability of local movement;
-   existing barriers against the in-comings of local wild animals;
-   distribution within the country;
-   distribution within the region;
-   distribution pattem in surrounding areas;
-   preferred habitats present in the project area.
The present study result revealed that, within the project area and its
surroundings, the occurrences of the total numbers of 541 indigenous vertebrate species
(excluding the fishes), comprising 98 mammal species classified in 33 families, 347 bird
species in 61 families, 64 reptilian species in 13 families and, 32 amphibian species in 5
families. Of which those actually living and expected to live in the project area numbering
not less than 407 species, which comprising 81 mammal species, 248 bird species, 47
reptilian species and 31 amphibian species, the study details by animal group as follows:
(1) Mammals
At least 81 mammal species have been known or expected to occur in the
present project site; of which 59 species or 72.84% were encountered by the field surveys
and the interviewing. Only 22 species (27.16%) actually dwell within the project areas. Most
of them which were directly and frequently observed by the survey team were small
mammals, such as Himalayan striped squirrel (Tamiops maccleiandil), Pallas's squirrel
(Callosciurus erythraeus), Northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangen), and Indochinese ground
squirrel (Menetes berdmore,).
Concerning the large mammals, only their left-over tracks, droppings, and
signs of daily activities were found along the pipeline routes. Numerous footprints and
scattered droppings of wild elephants (Elephas maximusl were seen along the forest paths,
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
especially, those iying on the hill ridges. Food-foraging tracks among the wet grounds of
wild boars (Sus scrofa) were found practically everywhere on lowland and on the hills. The
positive presence of Sun bears (Ursus malayanus) was indicated by findings of their claw
marks on tree trunks and their sleeping platforms high in the tree crowns. The remains of
consumed scaly fruits of Salacca rumphii palms also showed the abundance of Asiatic black
bear (Ursus thibetanus) in the project area, as well as their frequently-found claw marks.
Furthermore, at the site, the screeching calls of the Malayan flying lemurs (Cynocephalus
variegatus) were also frequently heard both in the morning and at night. A flock of 4-6
insectivorous Lesser false vampire bats (Megaderma spasma) was found roosting under the
ceiling of the abandoned office of the Sattamit Mine.
Of the 24 mammalian species expected to inhabit in the study area, the
majority of them are the highly-mobile bats that roost in the nearby numerous limestone
caves and forage along the forest streams, such as Dawn bat (Eonycteris spelaea), Malayan
horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus malayanus), Himalayan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros armiger),
etc. Those species reported to occur in the neighbouring areas and distribute widely
throughout the whole study area included Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Silvered leaf
monkey (Semnopithecus cristatus), Yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), Masked palm
civet (Paguma larvata), etc. (see Appendix D Table D-1).
(2) Birds
The total bird species that actually living and expected to live in the project
area are at least 248 species, classified in 50 families; of which 204 species or 82.26%
have been seen or recognized by the present surveys. It was estimated that about 44
species (17.74%) do inhabit in the project site. Those birds commonly observed along the
pipeline routes are mainly small and frequently-seen species, such as Scaly-breasted munia
(Lonchura punctulata), Scarlet-backed flowerpecker (Dicaeum cruentatum), Stonechat
(Saxicola maura), Sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster), Lineated barbet (Megalaima
lineata), etc. The encountered forest birds living throughout the study area include Red
junglefowl (Gallus gallus), Thick-billed pigeon (Treron curvirostra), Greater coucal (Centropus
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
sinensis), Orange-breasted trogon (Harpactes oreskios), etc. Some birds, distinctive call,
were more frequently observed by hearing than appearance. Some of them are Mountain
imperial pigeon (Ducula badia), Hoopoe (Upupa epops), Great hornbill (Buceros bicomis), and
Great barbet (Megalaima virens) (see Appendix D Table D-2).
Dealing specifically with those 44 resident bird species of the project site,
they are also widespread in both the regional and country distributions. However, the
surrounding protected areas was suitable habitats for them. Samples of these bird species
are White-rumped falcon (Polihierax insignis), Grey-headed parakeet (Psittacula finschil),
Large-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus macrurus), Blue-bearded bee-eater (Nyctyomis atherton:),
Green-eared Barbet (Megalaima faiostricta), Long-tailed broadbill (Psarisomus dalhousiae),
etc.
(3) Reptiles
The reptilian fauna of at least 47 species in 11 families are believed or
expected to exist in the project area. As high as 36 species or 76.60% of them were
observed both by direct field surveys and by indirect interviewing method; whereas those
of 11 species (23.40%) do exist in the project area. The reptilian species found along the
pipeline routes are mainly small in body sizes, such  as Common  house gecko
(Hemidactylus frenatus), Forest lizard (Calotes emma), Red-headed lizard (Calotes versicolor),
Variable skink (Mabuya macularia), Spotted mountain skink (Sphenomorphus maculatus),
Long-tailed skink (Mabuya longicaudata), etc. (Appendix D Table D-3).
Eleven species are also expected to inhabit in the project area, because of
their occurrences in the neighbouring protected areas and their widespread distributions
throughout the country and the project area. They are Burmese brown tortoise (Manouria
emys), Giant terrapin (Heosemys grandis), Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis), Pointed-
head whip snake (Ahaetulla nasuta), Mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola), etc.
(4) Amphibians
The amphibian species that actually inhabit or expected to inhabit in the
project area are totally 31 species in number, classified into 5 families. Of which 24 species
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
or 77.42% of them were found by the field surveys and the interviewing method, while
only 7 species (22.58%) do exist in the project area. Those commonly-found ones are the
denizens of the forest pools or the forest streams, such as Paddyfield puddle frog
IOccidozyga ima), Common puddie frog (Phrynoglossus martens,), Marsh frog (Rana
limnocharis), Common stream frog (Rana piletat), etc. Some were observed to live on the
forest floors or on the hill slopes away from the water bodies, such as Dwarf toad (Bufo
parvus), Mountain frog (Rana alticola), Litter frog (Rana hascheana), Black-sided froglet
(Microhyla heymonsi), etc. (Appendix D Table D-4).
Seven amphibian species, highly believed to occur in the project area, are
those found living in the surrounding protected areas with widespread distributions through
the country and the region, and their preferred habitats are present in the project area. The
majority of them, five species altogether, are those classified in the family Rhacophoridae,
such as Yellow-webbed flying frog (Rhacophorus bipunctatus), Burmese warted frog
(Theloderma asperum), White-banded dwarf frog (Chinxalus vittatus), etc. The rest of two
species, Malayan giant toad (Bufo asper) is in family Bufonidae, and Yellow frog (Rana
lateralis) is in family Ranidae.
3.7.4.3 Wildlife Abundance
This study has categorized the degree of abundance of each particular species of
wildlife into 4 levels, i.e., very common, common, uncommon and rare.
For the wildlife species observed in the field surveys, their degrees of abundance
have been determined from the numbers of encounters at each survey time, as:
Very Common: those wildlife species of ubiquitous in appearance and
frequent in occurrence; they were found more than 10 times at all survey times;
Common: those infrequently-found in occurrence; they were found 3-10 times
at all survey times;
Uncommon: those rarely-found in occurrence; found only 1-2 times at all
survey times;
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
Rare: those not directly seen by the survey team, but some of their tracks and
signs were found instead; or the whereabouts of their occurrences in this site had been
derived from interviewing the local villagers. Most are large mammals which are wellknown
and rarely encountered.
From the study of abundance degrees of all wildirfe species in the project area
and the surrounding protected areas, total of 541 species, the result showed that those
regarded as common in abundance are the largest group of 243 species (44.92%). The
succeeding groups are the uncommon in abundance of 223 species (41.22%), the rare in
abundance of 49 species (9.06%), and the very common in abundance of 26 species
(4.80%).
The total number of 407 wild animal species that actually inhabit or expected to
inhabit in the project area comprises of 26 very common species (6.36%), 223 common
species (54.79%), 139 uncommon species (34.15%) and 19 rare species (4.67%). More
details of each level of abundance are as follows:
(1) Very Common Wildlife Species
There are altogether 26 species of wild animal being regarded as very
common in abundance, of which comprising 1 mammal species (3.85%), 21 bird species
(80.77%), 2 reptilian species (7.69%), and 2 amphibian species (7.69%).
The only very common mammal species found is Northern treeshrew
(Tupaia belangeri) which is a smalksized terrestrial insectivore of the natural and degraded
forests. It is a highly adaptable one and occurs in large numbers throughout its preferred
habitats.
Twenty one species of bird regarded to be very common in abundance and
found living in the project area are mainly small birds. Most of them live in open degraded
habitats, such as Chinese pond-heron (Ardeola bacchus), Sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus
aurigaster), Grey-breasted prinia (Prinia hodgsonii), Stonechat (Saxicola maura), etc. However,
some of them live in the forested areas, such as Emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica), Green-
billed malkoha (Phaenicophaeus tristis), Black-crested bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus), etc.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
Only two reptilian species regarded as very common in abundance, Variable
skink (Mabuya macu/aria) and Spotted mountain skink (Sphenomorphus maculatus). Two
very common amphibians are Marsh frog (Rana limnocharis) and Common burrowing frog
)both of them 'vel, in pauuy eliids at Ban Rai Pa at the southern corner of
the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park.
(2) Common Wildlife Species
The wildlife species regarded as common in abundance in the project area
are 223 species, which consists of 37 mammal species (16.59%), 149 bird species
(66.82%), 22 reptilian species (9.87%), and 15 amphibian species (6.73%).
Of the 37 common mammal species, most are small mammals, such as
Malayan flying lemur (Cynocephalus variegatus), Short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx),
Slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata), etc.
Furthermore, there are 3 medium-sized mammal species, Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Common
barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), and Common porcupine (Hystrix brachyura).
The 149 common bird species are mainly smalksized with high adaptability
to changing environment, such as Black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus), Spotted dove
(Streptopelia chinensis), Lesser coucal (Centropus bengalensis), Asian barred owlet
(Glaucidium cuculoides), etc. However, there are some species of less adaptability but being
specific only to this forest habitats, such as Red-breasted parakeet (Psittacula alexandri),
Red-headed trogon (Harpactes erythrocephalus), Oriental' pied hornbill (Anthracoceros
albirostris), Blue-throated barbet (Megalaima asiatica), etc.
The 22 common reptiles found inhabiting in the project area are mostly
small, highly-adaptable species, such as Flat-tailed gecko (Cosymbotus platyurus), Orange-
winged flying lizard, Red-necked keelback (Rhabdophis subminiatus), Banded krait (Bungarus
fasciatus), etc.
For the 15 common amphibian species, the majority of which are small-sized
species. They are ecologically separated into two habitats, forest stream dweller, and pool
dweller habitat. The sample of amphibian in first habitat are Common brown.frog (Rana
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
nigrovittata), Common stream frog (Rana pileata), Copper-cheeked frog (Rana chalconota),
and Variegated toad-frog (Leptobrachium hasseltii), and in the second habitat are Paddyfield
green frog (Rana erythraea), Common bush frog (Polypedates leucomystax), and Painted
froglet (Microhyla pulchra).
(3) Uncommon Wildlife Species
At least 139 uncommon wildlife species are known to inhabit or expected to
inhabit in the project area, comprising 33 mammal species (23.74%), 70 bird species
(50.36%), 22 reptilian species (15.83%), and 14 amphibian species (10.07%).
All 33 uncommon mammal species are only the forest dwellers which
include the smalksized mammals as a varied array of bats in order Chiroptera, such as
Greater long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), Greater false vampire bat
(Megaderma lyra), Intermediate leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros larvatus), etc.; the medium-
sized mammals, mostly being the primates in family Cercopithecidae, such as Pig-tailed
macaque (Macaca nemestrina), Bear macaque (Macaca arctoides), Phayre's leaf monkey
(Semnopithecus phayrei), etc. Other outstanding species are Fishing cat (Prionailurus
viverrinus), Large indian civet (Viverra zibetha), Fea's muntjac (Muntiacus feae), etc.; the only
large mammal is the Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus).
Most of 70 uncommon bird species are small and are forest dweller, such
as Oriental turtle-dove (Streptopelia orientalis), Mountain scops-owl (Otus spilocephalus),
Great-eared nightjar (Eurostopodus macrotis), and Blue-eared kingfisher (Alcedo meninting).
Some of them are medium to large-sized encountered species, such as Crested serpent-
eagle (Spilomis cheela), Changeable hawk-eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus), Kalij pheasant (Lophura
leucomelanos), and Great hornbill (Buceros bicomis).
The 22 reptilian species regarded as uncomrnion in abundance are all poor-
adapted and inhabit mainly in the forested areas, such as Elongated tortoise (Indotestudo
elongata), Giant terrapin (Heosemys grandis), Blanford's flying lizard (Draco blanfordil),
Striped tree skink (Lipinia vittigera), Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis), Rock python
(Python molurus), and King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), etc.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
Some of 14 species of uncommon amphibians are relatively poor-adapted
and forest stream inhabitants, such as Indian cascade frog (Rana livida), Malayan giant frog
(Rana blythii), and Burmese frog (Rana leptoglossa). In addition, some of uncommon
amphibians are small-sized are in family Rhacophoridae who live entirely in the natural
forests, such as Yellow-webbed flying frog (Rhacophorus bipunctatus), Burmese warted frog
(Theloderma asperum), and White-banded dwarf frog (Chirixalus vittatus).
(4) Rare Wildlife Species
Regarding the rare wildlife species found living or expected to live in the
project area, there were total of 19 species comprising 10 mammal species (52.63%), 8
bird species (42.11%), and 1 reptilian species (5.26%). No rare amphibian species is present
in the area.
The 10 rare mammal species are scarcely-seen wild animals which are
important to the conservation purpose both locally and regionally, such as White-handed
gibbon (Hylobates lar), Red dog (Cuon alpinus), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus),
Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor),
Gaur (Bos gaurus), and Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus macrourus).
Birds, considered rare in abundance, comprise 8 forest species of extremely
low natural populations. They are scarce both locally and regionally, such as Bar-backed
partridge (Arborophila brunneopectus), Silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Grey peacock-
pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum), Pale-capped pigeon (Columba punicea), Alexandrine
parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), Spot-bellied eagle-owl (Bubo nipalensisJ, Brown fish-owl
(Ketupa zeylonensis), and Striated bulbul (Pycnonotus stnatus).
Regarding the rare reptilian species, only the Burmese brown tortoise
(Manouria emys), a large terrestrial species, can survive successfully only in the good
forested areas. No rare species of amphibians is found in the project area.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
3.7.4.4 WARPA Status
The legal status of most wildlife species have been determined by the 'vvlid
Animals Reservation and Protection Act B.E. 2535 (1992). The wildlife species were
categorized into the reserved and the protected wild animals. In this study three legal
statuses of the wildlife species are considered as:
(1) Reserved Species - R
Defined as rare species that have been declared by the royal decree in the
appendix list of the WARPA B.E. 2535 (1992), comprising 15 species, i.e., White-eyed river
martin, Asiatic two-horned rhinoceros, lesser one-horned rhinoceros, Kouprey, Wild buffalo,
Eld's deer, Schomburgk's deer, Southem serow, Chinese goral, Gumey's pitta, Sarus crane,
Marble cat, Malayan tapir, Fea's muntjak, and dugong.
(2) Protected Species - P
Those species determined by the ministerial regulation to be as such in 476
items; of which eove-i ng 189 mammalian items, 182 bird items, 63 reptilian ftems, 12
amphibian items, 13 insect items, 4 fish items, and 13 invertebrate items. However, this
study emphasises only 4 vertebrate groups, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.
(3) Non-protected Species - NP
Those wildlife species encountered in the study areas, but have not been
listed in the 2 above-mentioned official lists.
The study in the project area and in the surrounding protected areas reveals that
there were totally 6 reserved wild animals or 1.1 1 % of the total wild animal species; and all
of them are mammals, i.e., Marble cat (Pardofelis marmorata), Malayan tapir (Tapirus
indicus), Lesser one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Asian two-horned rhinoceros
(Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), Fea's muntjak (Muntiacus feae), and Southern Serow
(Naemorhedus sumatraensis). All six species were reported to exist in Thung Yai Naresuan
Wildlife Sanctuary, the World Heritage Site, to the north of the project area. Only Southern
serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis) was found in Khao Laem National Park to the east of
the project area; whereas 3 other species were found in Sai Yok National Park to the south,
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
i.e., Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Fea's muntiak (Muntiacus feae), and Southern serow
(Naemorhedus sumatraensis). Apart from the reserved wiid animals, there also occur 424
protected species (78.37%) and 111 non-protected species (20.52%) in the project area.
Deaiing with the project area, there were 407 species do existing or expected to
exist. This total species includes 3 mammalian reserved species (0.74%), 311 protected
species (76.41%), and the rest of 93 non-protected species (22.85%). The details of the
study categorized by the legal statuses of the wildlife are as follows:
(1) Reserved Wild Animals
The 3 reserved wild animals found existing in the project area are all
mammals, Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Fea's muntiak (Muntiacus feae), and Southem
serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis). The field surveys indicated that the former 2 species
are distributed in the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park, but their existances along
the pipeline route are not detected. The latter species inhabits mainly on the limestone
massifs near the site of Sattamit Mine, which are about 500 m north of the pipeline route.
(2) Protected Wild Animals
There are altogether 311 protected species which comprising 58 mammal
species (18.65%), 230 bird species (73.95%), 19 reptilian species (6.11%), and 4 amphibian
species (1.29%).
The 58 protected mammal species found in this area include Sunda pangolin
(Manis javanica), Leschenauft's rousette (Rousettus leschenaulti), Bicolored leaf-nosed bat
(Hipposideros bicolor), Golden jackal (Canis aureus), Hog-badger (Arctonyx collaris), Binturong
(Arctictis binturong), Golden cat (Catopuma temminckii), and Lesser Malay mouse-deer
(Tragulus javanicus), etc.
Sample of the 230 protected bird species that actually dwell or are expected
to dwell in the project area, are Scaly-breasted partridge (Arborophila chloropus), White-
throated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis), Dollarbird (Eurystomus orientalis), Heart-spotted
woodpecker (Hemicircus canente), Blue pitta (Pitta cyanea), Scarlet minivet (Pericrocotus
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
flammeus), Golden-fronted leafbird (Chloropsis aurifrons), Grey treepie (Dendrocitta
formosae), and Hill myna (Gracula religiosa), etc.
The  19  protected  reptilian  species are  Common  softshell (Amyda
cartilaginea), Garden lizard (Calotes mystaceus), Copper-headed racer (Elaphe radiata),
Common whip snake (Ahaetulla prasina), and Omate tree snake (Chrysopelea omata), etc.
The amphibians listed as protected animals include 4 species, Malayan giant
toad (Bufo asper), Flat-headed toad (Bufo macrotis), Dwarf toad (Bufo parvusJ, and Malayan
giant frog (Rana blythii).
(3) Non-protected Wild Animals
At least 93 species of non-protected wild animals actually inhabit or are
expected to inhabit in the project area. This figure comprises 20 mammal species (21.51 %),
18 bird species (19.35%), 28 reptilian species (30.11%), and 27 amphibian species
(29.03%). However, although they have not yet been protected legally, their occurrences
within the boundary of the proposed Thong Ptha Phum National Park provided them with
strictly protection, according to the National Park Act B.E. 2504 (1961).
The majority of the non-protected mammal species are rodents in the family
Muridae which are usually small mammals with highly adaptable capabilities, such as Roof
rat (Rattus rattus), yellow rajah rat (Maxomys surifer), Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys
badius), Hoary bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus), Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus),
and Variable squirrel (Callosciurus finJaysoni), etc. However, there are some other small
mammals of the same level of adaptability, such as Northern tailless fruit bat (Megaerops
niphanae), and Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). In additional, a medium-
sized adaptable mammal, the Wild boar (Sus scrofa), is also non-protected legally.
The 18 bird species without legal protection are those frequently-seen, have
small size, and are common in the project area. Samples are Spotted dove (Streptopelia
chinensis), Olive-backed pipit (Anthus hodgsoni), Common wood shrike (Tephrodomis
pondicerianus), Abbott's babbler (Malacocincla abbotti), Zitting cisticola (Cisticola juncidis),
and Black-naped monarch (Hypothymis azurea).
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
For the 28 non-protected reptilian species, half of them are rear-fanged
snakes in family Colubridae, such as Common checkerback (Xenochrophis flavipunctatus),
Pointed-head whip snake (Ahaetulla nasuta), Mock viper (Psammodynastes pulverulentus),
ariu Cormon iirigneck (Liopeiris scriptus). Otner species oT notabie reptiies are also found,
such as Common supple skink (Riopa bowringii), Ground skink (Scincella sp.), Indo-chinese
rat snake (Ptyas korros), and Red-tailed racer (Gonyosoma oxycephalum).
Amphibians are mostly non-protected by law. They are found in this project
area for 27 species, such as Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), Marsh frog
(Rana limnocharis), Common dwarf frog (Philautus parvulus), Sriracha dwarf frog (Chirixalus
nongkhorensis), and Spotted froglet (Micryletta inomata).
3.7.4.5 WILDLIFE STATUS
The present status of each particular wildlife species follows closely those
provided by Humphrey and Bain (1990) with slight modifications to suit the present
situation. This work determined the statuses of the Thai wildlife by using the population
numbers and distributional patterns as the criteria, as follows:
(1) Endangered Species - E
Those wildlife species whose natural populations have so drastically reduced
and their distributional ranges so seriously dwindled so that they will become extinct in the
near future, if no appropriate conservation measures has been applied.
(2) Threatened Species - T
Those having rapidly decreasing population numbers and shrinking local
distributions, so that without appropriate preventive measures put into effect the extinction
will occur in the near future.
(3) Indeterminate species - I
I ose iacking definite data to indicate their true s'aLuses. i this st-udy it i
also applied to those wild animals with high adaptability to the changing environmental
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
conditions, with high natural population numbers, and having widespread distributions in the
project area in both local and regional levels.
The obtained results on the statuses of 541 wildlife species found in the
project area and the surrounding protected areas do reveal that the highest numbers of
them are the indeterminate species, numbering 476 species (87.99%) with those
threatened species of 42 species (7.76%), and those endangered species of 23 species
(4.25%).
Dealing specifically to those 407 species actually present or expected to present
in the project area, the indeterminate species have the highest numbers of 368 species
(90.42%), with the threatened species of 30 species (7.37%), and the endangered species
of 9 species (2.21 %). The details of the study categorized by the groups of wildife statuses
are as follows:
(1) Threatened Wild Animals
There are 30 threatened wild animals that actually exist or expected to exist
in the project area. These comprise the highest number of 19 mammal species (63.33%), 7
bird species (23.33%), and 4 reptilian species (13.33%). This study can not reveal any
threatened amphibian species.
For the 19 threatened mammal species, the majority of 7 are the primates
in family Cercoprthecidae such as Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis), Pig-tailed
macaque (Macaca nemestrina), and Banded leaf monkey (Presbytis femoralis). The rest of
12 species are medium to large-sized mammals with low natural populations in the project
area, as well as in the whole country. Samples are Golden jackal (Canis aureus), Eurasian
otter (Lutra lutra), Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor),
and Binturong (Arctictis binturong).
The 7 bird species, regarded as threatened, include the 3 pheasants and a
peacock-pheasant in the family Phasianidae, such as Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos),
Silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), and Grey peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron
bicalcaratum). Two woodpeckers in family Picidae, are Whrte-bellied woodpecker (Dryocopus
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
javensis), and Great slaty woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulveru/entus). The rest is Great hornbill
(Buceros bicornis) in family Bucerotidae, which is of some special importance as an
indicator species of the pristine forest.
Four threateneu rept,iIan secies are, urrnes  brown iortoise (Manouria
emys) which is the largest land tortoise of the primary forests, Rock python (Python
molurus) which is one of the giant snakes of the western forests, Marble monitor lizard
(Varanus nebulosus), and Black monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis). Last two species are
mainly arboreal in feeding habit, especially when being juveniies.
In the project area, there is, at present, no threatened amphibian species
found to inhabit within its area.
(2) Endangered Wild Animals
All nine encountered endangered wild animals are wholly mammals, i.e.
White-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Red dog (Cuon alpinus), Leopard (Panthera pardus),
Tiger (Panthera tigris), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), and three of
them are reserved wild animals of the country, Malayan tapir ITapirus indicus), Fea's
muntjak (Muntiacus feae) and Southem serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis).
(3) Indeterminate Wild animals
The project area is noteworthy in having in its boundary an exceedingly high
number of 368 indeterminate species of wild animals. These comprise 53 mammal species
(14.40%), 241 bird species (65.49%), 43 reptilian species (11.68%), and 31 amphibian
species (8.42%). This figure indicates that more intensive surveys and serious studies are
urgently needed to be conducted in this area.
3.7.4.6 Migration Tendency of Wildlife
This study focuses on tendency of wildlife moving within the boundary of the
proposed Thong Pha  hurm  National Park. The objective is to detect the movement
patterns, migration routes, and prevailing habits of moving from place to place in each
season of the indigenous wild animals. The study is emphasis on four groups of importance
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
species to conservation purpose. These gruops are the rare species, the reserved species,
the threatened species and the endangered species. All of these will be impacted from the
project in different level depending mainly on their capabilities of migration and mobility. For
this reason .in this study wildlife was separated into two groups as lowly-mobiled and highly
mobile.
(1) Lowly-mobiled Species
This group includes the terrestrial mammals, reptiles, and amphibians which
require intact level land areas for locai movement. So, their limited movements are hindered
by topographical conditions, seasons, water source, or food source distributions. However,
some may manage to enter in the national park area, but unfortunately a number of man-
made barriers have been established between the protected areas as.-
(a) Between the proposed Thong Pha Phum National park and Thung Yai
Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary to the north, there are 2 provincial highways, numbers 323 and
327, acting as barriers for animal migrations. Moreover, the deteriorated forest patches
around Ban I-Tong village and the long-established human community in this village
regarded as the most important barrier between these two principle protected areas.
(b) Between the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park and Khao Laem
National Park to the east, there are diferent kinds of barriers such as highway no. 323 Khao
Laem reservoir, and villages scattering in line along the highway no. 323. These villages act
as important obstacles against the local movements of the wild animals.
(c) Between the proposed Thong Pha Phum National park and Sai Yok
National Park to the south, there are a branch road from highway no. 327 towards the
established resettlement area for the local villagers evacuated from Khao Lam Dam project,
and a number of scattered communities in the resettlement area, that becoming barriers for
the movement of the wildlife.
Furthermore, in Sai Yok national Park, there is a large number of a country's
endemic species, Hog-nosed bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai), residing in numerous
limestone caves. Eventhough this world's smallest bat is agile in flying capability, but it is
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
believed to keep confined to Sai Yok National Park. The reasons are its foraging distance is
well within the radius of 1 km around its preferred cave, and this tiny bat needs the cave
with constant temperature and a certain level of moisture to roost only. Thus, their
movement out of the Sai Yok area to colonize in the Thong Pha Phum area seems unlikely
to occur.
(2) Highly-mobiled Species
Mainly the bird species equipped with flying capability to move about freely
at will, especially the rare and endangered species, which are low in adaptability to
changing environment, depend entirely on the specific sets of habitat conditions. Thus the
site of destination for them should be abounded with required basic needs and, most of all,
free from human disturbance. Those having superior flying capability can travel for longer
distance than those inferior in flying capability.
The field surveys and observations indicated that, generally, the habitat
conditions of the rare and endangered bird species in Thong Pha Phum area are less
suitable for sustaining life than those of the surrounding protected areas. However, this
particular area is now under the process of official establishment, so forest protection,
wildlife hunting control, and area encroachment control are rarely in practice. Additionally,
this area has already been colonized by high numbers of local populace and occupied by
the mining companies. Some mining areas have deserted, thus forcing the jobless workers
to hunt for food and for collecting wild products for their subsistences. Those activities have
continuously interfered the lives of local wild animals. Furthermore, the long-established
protected areas in the surrounding areas provide better protection to their respective forest
areas and the inhabiting wildlife, so the tendency of the wild animals to migrate into the
Thong Pha Phum area is quite unlikely to occur or occurs in a low level. In addition, some
bird species may leave the project site to safer sites in the surrounding protected areas.
Though the rare and endangered bird species do rarely move away from
their preferred haunts, but the highly-adaptable small birds can certainly move in and out atr
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
all the time, especially, during the wintering months from October to April, when the
northem migrants escape the severe cold winter to reside temporarily in these study areas.
3.7.4.7 Wildlife Habitats
(1) Forested Areas
The dominant forest type which is found in good condition along the
pipeline route across the westem part of the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park is
dry evergreen forest that richly covering the central portion of the national park. However,
the southern portion is different that is sparsely covered with degraded mixed deciduous
forests because it has been heavily encroached by villagers for wood for a long time.
These forested areas are important habitats for wildlife because they
naturally provide all their basic needs for sustaining lives. For this reason, a great diversity of
wildlife species inhabit the forests at all levels, from under the ground surface up to the top
of the forest canopy.
The subterranean animals such as bamboo rats in family of Muridae, lead
the underground life-style, while most of the terrestrial animals, from small to large in sizes,
dwell on the forest floors. The sample of these terrestrial animals are those in: the
camivorous group as dogs, bears, otters, civets; the hooved group as tapir, boar, mouse-
deer; rodent group as rats, ground squirrels; and the elephant. Dealing with the ground-
dwelling species, there occur the pheasants and quails, the roosting nightjars, together with
arrays of amphibians and reptiles.
Those canopy-dwelling animal species are mostly birds, especially, the
pigeons and doves, parrots, cuckoos, barbets and woodpeckers, and a wide range of
perching birds, such as the broadbills, pittas, pipits, minivets, leafbirds, bulbuls, drongoes,
and flycatchers. Animals living within the canopy are: mammals such as loris, macaques,
and leaf monkeys; and the reptiles such as geckoes and lizards.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
Those birds hawking for insects above the canopy are the insectivorous
swifts and some species of hawks, the latter of which also utilize the canopy as their
foraging grounds for preys.
(   Dstul beu Areds
This habitat type was found scattered in the proposed Thong Pha Phum
National Park, notably the mined-over sites and narrow stretches of lowlands along the
streams in the southern portion where the villagers have invaded to grow field crops.
Wild animals adaptable to this habitat type are small mammals and birds,
together with some reptiles and amphibians. Mammal species are Northern treeshrew
(Tupaia belanger,), Small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), Roof rat (Rattus rattus),
Burmese hare (Lepus peguensis), etc. Bird species are Greater coucal (Centropus sinensis),
Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis), Common iora (Aegithina tiphia), Streak-eared bulbul
(Pycnonotus blanford,), etc. Reptile species are Red-headed lizard (Calotes versicolor),
Common supple skink (Riopa bowringi:), Copperhead racer (Elaphe radiata), etc. Lastly,
amphibian species are Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), Paddyfield puddle
frog (Occidozyga lima), Common puddle frog (Phrynoglossus martens,), and Marsh frog
(Rana limnocharis), etc.
(3) Limestone areas
Along the pipeline route, there is a distinctive limestone wildlife habitat at
the site of Sattamit Mine, about 500 m to the north of the pipeline route. It is a limestone
massif about 5 km long that stretching in the northwest-southeast direction. All lives that
successfully live here have adapted themselves so well to live advantageously in such
specific habitat. For examples, Southern serow (Naemorhedus sumatraensis) can climb up
and down the precipitous cliff faces with astonishing agility. Furthermore, the remarkably
high diversity of native bats in families Pteropodidae (fruit bats), Emballonuridae (tomb bats),
Rhinotophidae (horseshoe bats) and Hipposideridae (leaf-nosed bats) have ultimately adapted
to inhabit dark and moist conditions of limestone caves, which few other vertebrate animals
can do in the same levels.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
(4) Water sources
In the process of laying down the pipeline route, some stretches will overlay
portions of forest streams, i.e. from the grid coordinate 446750 N - 1612750 E and the grid
coordinate 449200 N - 1614150 E, which situating on the branches of Huai Pak Khok which
supports with permanent water all year round. The pipeline route also traverse the branches
of Huai Prachammai at Mokkara and Sattamit Mines, and, at least 2 intermittent branches
of Huai Pak Khok which supports water only in rainy season around the southem part of
the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park. Apart from the flowing forest streams, the
route also passes through the seasonally-waterlogged paddy fields at Ban Rai Pa village,
and near the permanent Huai Khayeng stream. All of the above-mentioned water bodies are
naturally living and spawning habitats of the native amphibians. The permanent streams also
provide shelters for some reptilian species, such as Common softshell (Amyda cartilaginea),
Water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), Plumbeous water snake (Enhydris plumbea), and
Common checkerback (Xenochrophis flavipunctatus).
3.7.4.8 Wildlife Foodplants
The field surveys conducted along the pipeline route succeeded in finding at
least 62 species in 31 families of the wildlife foodplants (Appendix D Table D-5). Consumed
by most of wildlife, the wild banana trees (Musa acuminata Colla) were observed. It's
important is that leaves and stems are staple foods of wild elephants; inflorescences
provide nectar and poliens for fruit bats of family Pteropodidae and the nectar-feeding birds
(spiderhunters); ripe fruits are the main foods for various wildlife species, such as the fruit
bats, the fruit-eating birds (bulbuls) and squirrels; fallen overripe fruits on the forest floors
are eaten by the terrestrial-dwelling civets, ground squirrels, Northern treeshrew (Tupaia
belangeri), and porcupines.
In the natural condition, two wildlife groups of the dominant herbivores (plant
feeders), mammals and birds, differently utilize plant parts as foods, depending on their
respective species and feeding habits.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
Among the indigenous mammals, the hooved herbivores, such as mouse-deer,
deer, gaurs, and serows, browse tender leaves, shoots and twigs of undergrowth plants in
different height levels from the ground floors. Their staple foods are dominant trees as Kuk
(Lannea cor mande.';ca Merr.), Ket daeng (Daibergia dongnaiensis Pierre), Pee chan
(Dalbergia cana Grah.), Phaa sian (Vitex canescens Kurz), and all bamboo species; including
some fallen fruits on the forest floors, such as wild mango - Mamuang paa (Mangifera
caloneura Kurz), Ma taat (Dillenia indica Linn.), wild figs (Ficus spp.), wild rose apples
(Eugenia spp.), Haat (Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.), etc. Fruit bats, arboreal squirrels,
macaques, and leaf monkeys feed competitively on wild fruits which sporadically present
throughout the wide forested areas, especially those borned by the following trees, wild
rose apples (Eugenia spp.), wild figs (Ficus spp.), Khang khaao (Aglaia pirifera Hance),
Lamyai paa (Paranephelium longifoliolatum Lec.), etc.
Regarding the plant-eating bird species, the fruit-eaters include fruit doves or
green pigeons, parakeets, hornbills, barbets, bulbuls, starlings, and mynas, etc. They are
fond of ripe fruits of the wild figs, wild rose apples, Hatsakhun (Micromelum minutum
Wight & Arn.), Lueat raet (Knema globularia Warb.), etc.; while those nectar-feeders include
leafbirds, spiderhunters, sunbirds and Vernal hanging parrot (Loriculus vemalis), which will
tirelessly suck this sweet secretion from the brightly-coloured flowers of Ngiu paa (Bombax
anceps Pierre), wild banana (Musa acuminata Colia), Lamphuu paa (Duabanga grandiflora
Walp.), Thong laang paa (Erythrina subumbrans Merr.), etc.
3.7.4.9 Problems confronting the wildlife
The most serious problem on the indigenous wildlife inhabiting the project area
in the proposed Thong Pha Phum National Park is the illegal hunting. Even though the
forest-controlling units of the Royal Forestry Department's regional office have regularly
patrolled the whole area and frequenily enter the site with the purpose to prepare the area
for official declaration as a national park, hunting still occur widely at all the time. The
present field surveys had also witnessed the actual illegal hunting of wild boars, the
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
observed hunters were supposed to come from the nearby villages of Ban Rai Pa or Ban
Huai Pak Khok.
Other human activities that clearly show some impacts to the local wildlife, apart
from the illegal hunting, the harvesting of bamboo shoots and dammar oils practised by the
villagers from surrounding villages of the Park. The former activity is so intensively which
may result to lack of bamboo shoots for wildlife foods or for their own growth recovery.
The wild animals, such as gaurs, bantengs, deer, etc., will suffer from this competition and,
ultimately, the whole forest ecosystem will gradually change as the preferred constituent
bamboo species will become vanish, species by species, from the areas.
Another serious problem expected to affect the wild elephants is illegal logging
practised by the villagers from Ban Rai Pa village. The domestic elephants are used as
beasts of burden to pull the logs out of the forests. Contacts between the wild and the
domestic elephants around the camp sites can create competitive pressures on available
foods and living spaces, and, worst of all, the domestic eiephants may spread some fatal
diseases which they are immune to their vulnerable wild cousins.
Therefore, control of bamboo shoot harvesting and control of domestic elephants
introduction into the national park area should be stringently done.
3.8      LAND USE
3.8.1    Introduction
Land use survey was undertaken along the gas pipeline from EGAT Power in
Ratchaburi to Ban I-Tong in Kanchanaburi. The study area covers 100 meters strip on both
side of the gas pipeline.
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
3.8.2    Study Methodology
The study of land use was carried out as the following steps:
(1) Collecting Secondary Data
Tonogranhic  maps and  land  use  maps ware  colected  from  Land
Development Department, and aerial photograph, scale of 1:50,000, was collected from Thai
Survey Department.
(2) Photo Interpretation
The systematic interpretation of aerial photograph was proceeded in the
office prior to the field work.
(3) Field Work
After obtaining the preliminary information from the above sources, field
surveys and observations were conducted in consequences. The purpose of the study is to
compare the information obtaining from secondary data with an actual observation. Revision
and improvement of the detailed identification of land use types were finally analysed after
the results of the actual field surveys and observations had been obtained.
3.8.3    Results of the Study
From the study, there are 5 types of land use as:
-   Residential area
-   Agricultural area
-   Forestry
-   Others, and
-   Water body
The details of each land use type is described as follows:
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
3.8.3.1   Residential Area
This land use type includes villages, govemment office, industrial factory,
schools, and temples. It is found from the survey that houses along the route have been
built near the highway route. Most of the houses have one storey and surrounded by fruit
trees. Schools and temples are found at Chom Bung district, Ratchaburi province. Industrial
factories, mostly tapioca product, are found at Muang district, Ratchaburi province.
3.8.3.2 Agricultural Area
This land use type includes mostly paddy field, upland crops, mixed orchard and
pasture.
-   Paddy field includes rainfed and irrigated areas.
-   Upland crops are found in very wide areas. The crops that are commonly
found are sugarcane, maize, and cassava.
-   Mixed orchard composes of many kinds of fruit tree such as mangoes,
coconut jackfruit, and bananas.
-   Pasture is usually grown for animal feeding. Many types of grasses such as
Napier, Hybrid Napier, Rusy, and Guinea are commonly grown. Pasture is
found in Sai Yok district, Kanchanaburi province.
3.8.3.3   Forestry
There are 4 types of forestry in the project route, bamboo forest, mixed
deciduous forest, shrubs, and forest plantation.
3.8.3.4 Others
This land use type includes swamps, abandoned mine, and lateritic pits.
ENV1O007t125/SEC-3746.DOC                                                PAGE 3-85



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
3.8.3.5 Water Body
This land use type is natural water that links mainly between Mae Klong and
Kwae Noi rivers.
The details nf each land use t^ype are shown in Table 3.8-i and Appendix E
Figure E-1.
3.8.4    Watershed Classification
The pipeline route is generally passed through the watershed class 1A and 1B
which are restricted for the project development. The details of each watershed are
described as follows:
(1) Watershed Area Class 1A
The total distance of watershed class 1A is about 18 km, covering the study
area of 1,994 rais (survey areas are covered with 100 m for each side of pipeline). Most of
this covering is in Kanchanaburi province at Tambon Pilok, Tambon Thakhan, Tambon Sai
Yok, and Tambon Lumsum. Mixed deciduous forest, upland crops, and pasture are also
found in this area. The soils of this watershed are mostly Slope Complex and few are Takli,
Pakchong and Thap Kwang series which have more than 35% of slope and are shallow to
very shallow in soil profiles.
(2) Watershed Area Class 1B
The total area of watershed class 1B is approximately 638 rais (with study
area of 100 m on each side of the pipeline). All of them are the area of shifting cultivation
that native grasse' are dominant. The study areas are found mostly in Kanchanaburi
province at Tambon Pilok and Tambon Thakhan. Soil in these areas is classified as Slope
Complex that has more than 35% of slope and the soil profile is shallow in depth. The
details of watershed area 1A and B are shown in Table 3.8-2 and 3.8-3, respectively.
ENvlxO0417l251SEC-374s.DCc                                              PAGE 3-86



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                 FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.8-1
LAND USE TVPES AND AREA ALONG GAS PIPELINE
Land Use Types             .  Area             Percent
(Rai)            (%)
Residential Area
-  Villages                              84              0.31
-  Government Office                    201              0.74
-  Industrial Estate                     19              0.07
Agricultural Area
-  Rainfed Paddy                        709              2.62
-  Irrigation Paddy                     401              1.48
-  Upiand Crop                       12,.785            47T20
-  Mixed Orchard                        861              3.18
-  Pasture                              259              0.96
Forest
-  Bamboo Forest                        169              0.62
-  Mixed Deciduous                    4,265             15.74
-  Shrubs                             6,287             23.21
-  Forest Plantation                    919              3.39
Others
-  Swamp                                 26              0.10
-  Laterite Pit                          52              0.19
Water Body
-  Natural Water                         51              0.19
Total Area                 27,088           100.00
ENVt00"7126MAB3SiY.XLS                                                        PAGE 3-87



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.8-2
LOCATIONS SOIL AND LAND USE OF WATERSHED CLASS 1A
No.             Location                 Soil            Land Use             Area
From          To                                                   (Rai)
I        0+000         0+200            SC                Forest                 5
2        0+000         2+000            SC           Shifing Cultivation       246
3        3+000         6+000            SC           Shifting Cultivation      376
4        8+000         9+700            SC           Shifting Cultivation      214
5        10+700        10+950           SC           Shifting Cultivation       17
6        12+000        12+950           SC                Forest               120
7        14+800        15+400           SC                Forest                39
8        15+700        16+700           SC                Forest                64
9        16+700        19+700           SC                Forest               376
10        19+700       20+600            SC                Forest                57
11        20+600       20+900            SC                Forest                39
12        20+900       21+100            SC                Forest                14
13        21+100       21+400            SC                Forest                39
14        22+000       23+550            SC                Forest                98
15        25+200       25+800            SC                Forest                39
16        27+300       27+600            SC                Forest                20
17        83+400       83+800            SC             Upland Crops             51
18        83+800       83+400          TwlBq        Upland Crops/Pasture         76
19        87+500       87+800            Pc                Forest                20
20        87+800       88+200            Tk                Forest                26
21       120+300       120+700    Ty-l.ske/Ly-l.ske        Forest                26
22       120+700       121+100          Si-sh              Forest                26
23       121+100       121+200           Tk                Forest                 6
Total                                          1;994
ENVa04?712V1TA38 2.XLS                                                                      PAGE 3-88



0
TABLE  3.8-3
LOCATIONS SOILS AND LAND USE OF WATERSHED CLASS 1B
No.             Location                Soil            ILand Use             Distance            Area                         r-
2
m
From           To                                                                      (Rai)
1       2+000          3+000           SC          Shifting Cultivation          1                125
2       5+900          8+000           SC           Shifting Cultivation        2.1               263
3       9+700          10+700          SC           Shifting Cultivation         1                125
4       12+950         13+950          SC           Shif[ting Cultivation         1               125
Total                                                             638
m)'V
0
C,3~1                    200             +0              CShfigClivto                                              2
2  5+900   8+000   SC   Shifting Cultivation    2.1               263~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
CD ~     ~      3        9701+70S                                    hfigCutvto                                    2



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
3.9      TRANSPORTATION
3.9.1    Introduction
The natu,a, gas transmission pipeiine project includes construction of an access
road to the proposed site for transporting heavy construction equipment and using as
maintenance roads during the operation phase. The construction of the access road, and
the increase of traffic volume on adjacent route have some impact on the environment
along the route. The impact assessment of the project was also studied, especially, during
construction and operation periods.
3.9.2    Study Methodology
The information related to transportation network and traffic volumes in the
project vicinity was collected and reviewed. The field observations were made on the main
road networks.
3.9.3    Results of the Study
(1) Road Network
There is an existing network of inter-regional, national, secondary, and
provincial highways as shown in Figure 3.9-1. Most of these highways are furnished with
asphaltic surface. However, there are some rural road with single treatment as lateritic
surface linking between communities. The details of each highway are as follow:
(a) Highway No. 323 (KANCHANABURI - THONG PHA PHUM)
This highway extends to the west from highway No. 4 at km 73+000,
passing through several areas including Thamaka, Tha Muang, Sai Yok, and Thong Pha
Phum districts, then ends at Sangkhla Buri district of Kanchanaburi province with the total
length of 330 km. It is an asphaltic surface road. (Figure 3.9-1)
ENV1004IM7S26EC-49DOC                                                 PAGE 3-90



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                       FINAL REPORT
IE -IN POINT        P                                                             ED
4.50
1*.'                  \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SR PROVINCl(                    E     }
THE UNION OF WYNMAR
% 16                :       ATC-\M
LEGEND
�______ GAS PIPELINE
B _   ORDER
{87-=  NATIONAL HIGHWAY
--C>- PROWdCIAL HIGHWAY
RIALWAY
< RIVER CANAL
FIGURE 3.9-1: THE EXISTING ROAD NETWORK
ENVIOO4IGURE 3.9-1                                                                                  PAGE 3-91



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
(b) Highway No. 3272 (THONG PHA PHUM - BAN RAI)
This highway extends to the west from highway No. 323 at Thong Pha
Phum district. It is an asphaltic surface road with poor condition, and the total length is 75
km. At present, it is the main road for people in local community for travelling to Thong Pha
Phum district. (Figure 3.9-1).
(c) Highway No.3209 (DAN MAKHAM TIA - RATCHABURI)
This highway extends to the north from highway No. 3274 at section
30 km from Chom Bung district. It passes through Dan Makham Tia district and ends at
Muang district, Kanchanaburi province. It is an asphaltic surface road with the total length
about 50 km.
(d) Highway No. 3274 (DAN MAKHAM TIA - CHOM BUNG)
This asphaltic surface highway extends to the north from highway No.
3087 at Chom Bung district. The total length is about 30 km.
(e) Highway No. 3085 (YANG KOH - LUM SAI)
This highway connects between Ban Jorakhae Phoek of Saiyok district
and Muang district, Kanchanaburi province. It is an asphaltic surface road with the total
length of 55 km. It is the main road for travelling to Muang district of Kanchanaburi
province.
(f) Highway No. 3087 (CHOM BUNG - RATCHABURI)
This highway connects between Chom Bung district and Muang district,
Ratchaburi province. The total length is about 70 km. It is an asphaftic surface road.
(g) Highway No. 4
This highway is the main road to the south of Thailand. The route
passes from Bangkok to Nakorn Pathom, Ratchaburi, Petchaburi and ends at Yala province.
The highway is an asphaltic surface road with 4 lanes.
Figure 3.9-1 shows the road network in the Yadana project area and
vicinity region. Besides these main roads, there are a number of existing roads branching to
the main local communities in that region. Most of them are lateritic road.
ENV?0OMWi7l2rSEC-9.DOC                                                 PAGE 3-92



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                         FINAL REPORT
(2) Traffic Volume
The average daily traffic (ADT) data on the major road connecting to the
project area around vicinity regions are collected from the Highways Department. The
obtained results are summarized in Table 3.9-1 and 3.9-2.
(a) Highway No. 323: There were 5 stations in the project area as
follows:
-   KM. 4+830 (Muni of Kanchanaburi - Kangsen)
-   KM. 0+750 (Kaeng Sian - Nong Bua)
-   KM. 0+500 (Nong Bua - Sai Yok Noi)
-   KM. 59+00 (Sai Yok Noi - Sai Yok Yai)
-   KM. 82+200 (Sai Yok Yai - Putong)
The traffic volumes on highway No. 323 at each section were in a
range of 1,700-13,000 vehicles per day in 1992. In 1993, the traffic volume increased about
16-38% and increased slightly in 1994.
(b) Highway No. 3272: There were 2 stations in project area as follows:
-   KM. 0+500 (Thong Pha Phum - Ban Lai)
-   KM. 14+000 (Thong Pha Phum - Ban Lai)
The total traffic volume was in a range of 2,000-4,000 vehicles per day
in 1993 and increased about 50% in 1994 proportion of light vehicles were about 90%
while heavy vehicles were about 10% (Table 3.9-1).
(c) Highway No. 3209: There were 2 stations as follows:
-   KM. 44+750 (Ratchaburi district - Dan Makham Tia)
-   KM. 53+300 (Dan Makham Tia - Kong Phasom Sat)
At station of KM. 53+300, the traffic volume was about 1,900 vehicles
per day in 1992 and increased to 2,200 vehicles per day in 1993. In 1994 the traffic volume
decreased slightly.
ENV1004197125ISEC-39.DOC                                             PAGE 3-93



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.9-1
AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUME ON FIVE MAJOR ROUTES DURING 1992-1994
Route    Control   Station                                                      Year
No.    Section    (Km.)                    1992                                1993                               1994
LV         HV .       Total        LV          HV        Total        LV          HV         Total
301      4.830      11,825      2,024      13,849      15,751       2.289     18,040      17,492       1.706      19,198
302     0+750       4.381         812       5,193       6.021       1.152      7,173       5,912       1,591       7,503
323        400      0+500       2.688        574       3.262       3.203        601       3,804       3.978       1,251       5,229
500     59+000      1,343         455       1,798       1,728        558       2,286       2,364         434       2,798
600     82+200                                               -                      -      1,398         329       1.727
3272       101      0+500                                           1,442        153       1,595       2,998        513        3,511
101     14+000           .                               440          25         465         667          34        701
3209       202      44+750   _                                                                  .      1.198        618        1,816
301     53+300       1,576        336       1.912       1.729        527       2.256       1.791         235      2026
3274       100      1+000            -                .             2.019        445       2464        1,797        382        Z179
3085       100      0+500       1,015        285        1,300       1,030        253       1,283       1,109        185        1,294
101     16+000      4,158         806       4,964       4,351        745       5,096      51.559        833       52.392
3087       102      0+500       1,960         515       2,475       1,9E6        592       2.578       2,592        655        3.247
103     28+000      4,115         470       4.585       3.847       1.125      4,972       5,458        484        5,942
104     0+500            -           -           -       312          23         335         450          47        497
4        0409     93+580      11,424       8,380      19.804     11,304       9.539      22,843      19.175      9,191      28.365
Remark  LV      Light Vehicles  : Car and Text, Light Bus, Light Truck
HV . Heay Vehicles: Heavy Bus. Medium Truck, HeavV Truxk
Source   DeDanment of Highway.
ENV100497129aAS3e-1.XLS                                                                                                      PAGE  3-94



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                       FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.9-2
PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFICVrrlC Lv'uE
BETWEEN LIGHT VEHICLES AND HEAVY VEHICLES ON MAJOR ROUTES
Route      Control    Station                                     Year
No.       Section      (Km.)             1992                    1993                     1994
LV          HV          LV          HV          LV           HV
301       4+830       85.39       14.61       87.31        12.69       91.11        8.89
302       0+750       84.36       15.64       83.93        16.07       18.79       21.21
323          400       0+500       82.40       17.60        54.20       15.80       76.07       23.93
500      59+000       74.69       25.31       75.59        24.41       84.48       15.52
600      82+200            -           -           -                   80.94        19.06
3272         101       0+500                         -      90.40        9.60        85.38       14.62
101      14+000                        -      94.62         5.38       95.14        4.86
3209         202       44+750                        -                       -       65.96       34.04
301      53+300       82.42       17.58       76.64        23.36       88.40       11.60
3274         100        1+000           -                   81.93       18.07        82.46       17.54
3085         100       0+500        77.83       22.17       80.28       19.72        85.70       14.30
101      16+000       83.76       16.24       85.38        14.62       86.09       13.91
3087         102        0+500       79.19       20.81       77.03       22.97        79.82       20.18
103      28+000       89.74       10.26       77.37       22.63        91.85        8.15
104       0+500                               93.13         6.87       90.54        9.46
4          0404      93+580        57.69       42.31       58.25       41.75       67.60        32.40
Remark   LV = Light Vehicles  Car and Taxi, Light Bus, Light Truck
HV = Heavy Vehicles: Heary Bus, Medium Truck, Heavy Truck
Source   Department of Highway.
ENV1oo04J71261rAa3.2xLS                                                                             PAGE 3-95



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
(d) Highway No. 3274: There was 1 station as follows:
-   KM. 1+000 (JCT.R. 3219 (Nong Phlap - Yang Chum)
This station had total traffic volume in a range of 2,100-2,400 vehicles
per day in 1993. Light v ehicles and hmam^t veihicle on himhwA,M/ h3dH 3 nr^M ,4^ 0   and
20%, respectively.
(e) Highway No. 3085: There was 1 station as follows:
-   KM. 0+500 (JCT.R. 3209 (Yang Koh - Lam Sai)
This station had total traffic volume is a range of 1,200-1,300 vehicles
per day in 1992-1994. The volume slightly changed in each year. Prportion of light vehicles
were about 77-85% while heavy vehicles were about 15-23% (Table 3.9-2).
(f) Highway No. 3087: There were 4 stations in this project area as
follows:
-   KM. 16+000 (Ratchaburi - Bypass Chom Bung)
-   KM. 0+500 (Bypass Chom Bung)
-   KM. 28+000 (Bypass Chom Bung (B) - Bypass Chom Bung (E))
-   KM. 0+500 (JCT. Chom Bung)
At first three stations, the traffic volumes on this highway in each
section were in a range of 2,400-5,200 vehicles per day in 1992 and increased to 2,600-
5,200 vehicles per day in 1994. Whereas at KM. 0+500 had only about 330 vehicles per
day. In 1994, the traffic volume in each station increased about 9-25%
(g) Highway No. 4: There was selected 1 station as follow:
-   KM. 93+930 - KM. 106-189
The traffic volumes on Highway No. 4 in this section which is nearby
the gas transmission pipeline were in a range of 11,000-20,00 vehicles per day in 1992. In
1994, the traffic volume in this section increased about 40%.
(3) Rail Roads
The major railroad is the Southem railway, destination at Sungai Ko Lok
district bordered to Malaysia. The pipeline intersects this railroad at Amphoe Maung
ENV104I712WJSiC-n.DOC                                                  PAGE 3-96



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
Ratchaburi province. The vicinity railroad system is the Westem railway, this railway crosses
pipeline at Nong Pla Duk Junction to Kanchanaburi province and end at Sai Yok waterfaii.
(4) Navigation
The waterways around the project area are Kwae Noi, Lam Pha Chi, Sai Yok
and Mae Klong rivers which carry water all year round. These rivers are not a major mean
of transportation in the project area.
3.10     COMPENSATION
3.10.1   Introduction
The gas pipeline from Yadana source in Myanma will be joined with the pipeline
in Thailand at Ban I Tong, Tambon Pilok, Kanchanaburi province. The pipeline system will be
laid directly from Ban I Tong to Electric Power Plant in Ratchaburi province with the
distance of 250 km. The study area vjas emphaziced on covering 20 meters strips along
the pipeline route in Thailand.
3.10.2   Study Methodology
The assessment of compensation issues along the gas pipeline has been divided
into following tasks:
(1) Identifying and mapping the main land uses requiring for compensation such
as houses and tree crops;
(2) Assessing the land, houses, and crops value in the affected areas land use.
3.10.3   Results of the Study
The compensation in the project considered about land, houses and crops value.
The details of each compensation types are described as the following:
ENVIODWg7125S5EC.39,DOC                                                PAGE 3-97



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
(1) Land
Land value is estimated by:
-   Common market price obtained by interviewing local people who reside
in tkh project area, and
-   Government price assessed by Land Department. The price of land will
be readjusted in 1996; and it is estimated that 20% will be increased.
In this report the potential of land price in 1996-2000 was used as the
value index.
The compensation value for land is calculated from private land covering
with 20 meters in each side of the pipeline. Total area of 234.5 km long and 40 meters
wide is equal to 5,863 rais. Within this area, only 1,842 rais belong to private properties. In
addition, private land along the route usually has owner holding land tities but some has
not. The estimation of land price is the average land price from common market price and
government price in each Amphoe. The total value of land to be compensated is equivalent
to 334,897,500 baht. The details of land price in each location are shown also in Table
3.10-1 and 3.10-2.
(2) Houses
There are 26 houses and police stations within 20 meters on both side of
the pipeline. Most of the houses are commonly located in Amphoe Muang and Amphoe
Chombung, Ratchaburi province. All of the houses have been classified into 7 pattems.
Each patterns of house will be calculated in terms of the price per unit, cost of demolition
and price of construction for the compensation. The illustration of each house pattern is
shown in Figure 3.10-1 to 3.10-7. The total price for the house compensation is
approximately 3,696,337 baht (Table 3.10-3).
(3) Crops
The results showed that the total areas of 1,665 rais are crop fields
sincluding 1,205 rais of sugarcane, 160 rais of paddy, 127 rais of maize, 102 rai of cassava,
and 37 rai of mixed orchard. The compensation value for these crops is based on the
ENV1004SI25MSEC-39DOC                                                  PAGE 3-98



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                    FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.10-1
POTENTIAL LAND PRICE IN 1996 - 2000
Unit: Baht/rai
Amphoe, Province       Potential Government   Market Price    Average Price
Price
Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi      12,000 - 60,000      20,000 - 90,000        60,000
Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi           10,000 - 60,000     30,000 - 3,000,000      90,000
Muang, K-h^anaburi               6 000 - 60.000      20,000 - 200,000       50,000
Dan Makham Tiea, Kanchanaburi   20,000 - 240,000    30,000 - 3,000,000      75,000
Chom Bung, Ratchaburi          30,000 - 1,200,000   50,000 - 1,500,000     175,000
Muang, Ratchaburi              80,000 - 4,000,000   20,000 - 5,000,000     600,000
PAGE 3-99
ENlV1OO4j97126/TA31O-l.XLS



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                 FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.10-2
LAND VALUE IN THE PROJECT AREA (20 METERS WIDE)
Amphoe, Province             Area         Average Price           Total
(Ral)          (Baht/Rai)
Thongphaphum, Kanchanaburi         297.5            60,000           17,850,000
Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi              509.0            90,000           45,810,000
Muang, Kanchanaburi                107.5            50,000            5,375,000
Dan Makham Tia, Kanchanaburi       200.0            75,000           15,000,000
Chom Bung, Ratchaburi              437.5           175,000           76,562,500
Muang, Ratchaburi                  290.5           600,000          174,300,000
Total                  1,842                            334,897,500
ENV100W712/TAW310.2.VLS                                                      PAGE 3-100



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                          FINAL REPORT
2.00     4.00    p2.00,
I 2.00  3.00 , 3.00 , 2.00-
0
0
00                                   0C
0                           ~~~~~~~~~0
o
"M~~~~~~~~~M
FLOOR AREA           16 m
CONSTRUCTION COST                = 22.843 BATH
ESTIMATED COMPEN-SATION COST = 13,527 BATH
ILAVERAGE PER SQ.M.                    845 BATH 
NVlOO4.f4GURE 3                                                                        PAG  310



1.20 2.30   4.00   4.00                      3.00   3.00
_' 1    I       3       ,L'  {
II
0~~~~~~~~~
0                               0
0                    .~~~~~~~~~
.               _                                      '~~~4#4
ROOF              :ROMAN TILE SHEET
WALL              :WOODEN PLANK &BLOCK
FLOOR             :CONCRETE
FLOOR AREA          96 m
CONSTRUCTION COST               = 241,084 BAHT
ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 148,618 BAHT
AVERAGE PER SQ.M.               =  1,548 BAHT
.NVSOO4ffIGU~ 110.2                  PTEAM
FIGURE 3.10-2 : MODEL M 2                                    .z
EWtlGURE ltV2                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PAGE 3-102



0 2.00   Z.50   2.50               00  2.50    2.50  1.00
p                       1                             nr .
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2012~~~~~~~~~~
ROOF                METAL SHEET
WALL                 WOODEN PLANK
FLOOR               WOODEN PLANK
FLOOR AREA          35 Mr
CONSTRUCTION COST                = 156,062 BAHT
ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 69,327 BAHT
AVERAGE PER SQ.M.                =  1.981 BAHT
.v'OO4~I~U~E  ~                                P  TEAM
FIGURE 3.10-3: MODEL M 3E 
cpvv04lGUvl;;RE 3 'C.3                                                                 PAGE 3-103



3.00        3.00  IC  3.00  3.00
4.00
0
0~~~~~~~~~~
0
0
0t    wi    4~~~~~~~~~~~~--'.
7~~~~
ROOF  METAL SHEET
~~~~~~'                           '1"
WALL              :BLOCK
FLOOR             :CONCRETE
FLOOR AREA        :96 m2
CONSTRUCTION COST             = 175,700 BAHT
ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 152,978 BAHT
AVERAGE PER SQ.M.              =  1,594 BAHT|
TEAM
FIGURE 3.10-4: MODEL M 4                                                 E
EwToQ&*'sGuFw 3.10~                                                              - PAGE 3-104



1
4.00    4.00
4.00    4.00
---+  I ~~~~~;;. NOI
0~~~~~~~~~~~
o                          ~~~~~~~~~~o
-6-H M
ROOF              ROMAN TILE SHEET
WALL              BRICK
FLOOR             CONCRETE
FLOOR AREA        64 m2
CONSTRUCTION COST            = 108.946 BAHT
ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 113.056 BAHT
AVERAGE PER SQ M.            =  1.766 BAHT
P     3-15TEAM
FIGURE 3.10-5 : MODEL M 5E 
z?4vio0O.-;-RE 3 11 5                                                        PAGE 3-105



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                 FINAL REPORT
3.00      3.00
2.00    3.00
0 .                                           1'
D~~~~~~
:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;:
-"-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i
WALL             :BAMBOO
FLOOR            :GROUND
FLOOR AREA      :30 m2
CONSTRUCTION COST            = 14,416 BAHT
ESTIMATED COMPENSAT-ION COST = 15.670 BAHT
AVERAGE PER SQ.M.                522 BAHT|
_                   ~~~~~~TEAM
FIGURE 3.10-6 : MODEL M 6                                              .2
ENVION&URE .10-                                                                PAGE 3-106



F  ~       T003._00 .U                          300300 ;.o .oT.f
8                               S~*8
ROOF                METAL SHEET
WALL
FLOOR               GROUND
FLOOR AREA          81 m
CONSTRUCTION COST              = 47,611 BAHT
ESTIMATED COMPENSATION COST = 34.469 BAHT
AVERAGE PER SOM.               =   426 BAHT
-   --.                                                                       | v  PTEAM
FIGURE 3.10-7: MODEL M 7| E
_t1s 'JC4t^GwRf 3 *Q--                                      ~~~~~~~~~~PAGE 3-107



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                  FINAL REPORT
TABLE 3.10-3
HOUSING PATTERNS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE
Pattern        Unit Price         No. of         Area          Total Value
(sq.meter)        Houses        (sq.meter)         (Baht)
Ml               845              39             156            131,820
M2              1,548              4             549            849,852
M3              1,981              4             359            711,179
M4              1,594             13             593            945,242
M5              1,766              3             198            349,668
M6                522              3              139            72,558
M7               426              14           1,493            636,018
Total                              80                          3,696,337
ENV100j97126.'TAR3lO3.XL.S                                                   PAGE 3-108



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
information of Royal Irrigation Department. The value per rai is 4,000 bahts for sugarcane,
2,500 bahts/rai for paddy, 1,000 bahts for maize, 2,00O bahts for cassava, and 43,995 bahts
for mix orchard. The total amount of compensation for crops is approximately 8,674,645
bahts (as shown in Table 3.10-4).
The Appendix F Figure F-1 showns location of properties along the gas pipeline
route.
3.10.4   The Processes of Compensation
Timing and processes of compensation are very important for the project. If the
compensation time is delayed for long period or the compensation value is not satisfied by
the affected people, they may created serious trouble to the project. To prevent these
problems, compensation committee should be set up.
(1) Compensation Committee
The main function of this committee is to organize the implemented policies
for compensation payment, including the optimum rates for different categories of
properties, the procedures of compensation payment, and the time schedule. The
committee should consist of the following members:
-   Representatives from Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi province;
-   Provincial Land Right Officers from  Ratchaburi and  Kanchanaburi
provinces;
-   Provincial Agricultural officers from  Ratchaburi and  Kanchanaburi
provinces;
-   Provincial Forestry Officers from Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces,
and
-   PTT representative.
ENV1004/971251SEC-39.OC                                                 PAGE 3-109



TABLE 3.10-4
THE VALUE OF CROP COMPENSATION
Kind of Crops         Area         Compensation           Total
(Rai)         (BahtlRai)
Sugarcane                1,205             4,000           4,820,000
Paddy                     160             2,500             400,000
Maize                     127              1,000            127,000
Cassava                   102              2,000            204,000
Mixed Orchard              71             43,995           3,123,645
Total             1,665                             8,674,645
ENVlOOd12SflAU31O4.XCLS                                                     PAGE 3-110



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                          FINAL REPORT
(2) Working Groups
The compensation committee has full authorty to appoint the working
groups and to handle the detailed works in each specific area. The working groups will
report directly to the compensation committee.
3.11     SOCIO-ECONOMIC
3.11.1   Objectives
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate socio-economic condition of the
affected people in the study area. This includes the people awareness and attitudes toward
the project as well as the project impact on them. The recommendations and means for
improving situation or reducing people hardship impacted from construction and operation
-of the project are also solicited.
3.11.2   Scope of the Study
The socio-economic survey covered an area within 100 meters from both sides
of the proposed gas pipeline route, around 250 km in length starting from Ban I-Tong of
Thong Pha Phum district in Kanchanaburi province to EGAT power plant at Muang
Ratchaburi district, Ratchaburi province. The study area lies within 6 administrative districts
in 2 provinces, i.e., Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok, Dan Makham Tha, and Muang Kanchanaburi
districts in Kanchanaburi province, and Chom Bung, Muang Ratchaburi districts of
Ratchaburi province. Details of the study area are shown in Figure 3.11-1.
3.11.3   Methods of the Study
Two methods of study are employed, i.e., collecting information from secondary
data to present the overview of the primary socio-economic information, and field survey to
present an up-date and in-depth information of both affected households and related
organization/agencies.
ENV1004/97125/SEC-31 1.DOC'PAGE 3-111



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m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
w               FIGURE 3.11-1: THE VILLAGES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INTERVIEWED                                                                                                       



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
Generally, secondary data refers to various documents and research reports
relating to socio-economic condition of the area. These were reviewed and analyzed for
systematic presentation. The secondary data include:
-   Summary report of Kanchanaburi province, 1995,
-   Summary report of Ratchaburi province, 1995,
-   Summary report of Thong Pha Phum district, 1995,
-   Summary report of Sai Yok district, 1995,
-   Summary report, of Muang Kanchanaburi district, 1995,
-   Summary report of Dan Makham Tia district, 1995,
-   Summary report of Chom Bung district, 1995,
-   Summary report Muang Ratchaburi district, 1995, and
-   Environmental Monitoring Services of PTT-Natural Gas Parallel Pipeline
Project, 1995.
The primary data were obtained frorf- field survey in the study are3. The surey
methods are presented as below:
(1) Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique:
There are two major types of affected groups observed in the study area.
The first category is the directly affected people who live in the 100 metres strip along both
sides of proposed gas pipeline route, comprising approximately 40 villages. The second
group is the related governmental agencies and business sector in the study area.
The sample size and sampling technique applied for two groups of
populations are different as follows:
(a) For the first group, the population of some communities are found to
be scattered around villages and some of which are at the edge of boundary line, the
others are sparsely populated and have a small number of affected households (less than
10.0%). These villages are excluded from the survey for practical reason. Therefore, the 12
selected villages are the relatively crowded communities and have a large number of
affected households; they are Ban I-Tong, Huai Pak Khok, and Kui Yae villages in Thong Pha
ENV1O04197125/EC-31 1.0DC                                               PAGE 3-113



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
Phum district; Kaeng Raboet, Yang Thon, Phu Noi, and Dao Wa Dung villages in Sai Yok
district; Lum Sai village in Muang Kanchanaburi; Dan Makham Tia, and Tha Plab in Dan
Makham Tia district; Thung Chaeng of Chom Bung district, and Si Yaek Khao Ngu in Muang
R atcaburl district. About 10.0 percent of households in each sample village are randomly
picked. The sample size was 136 respondents. The data were collected using questionnaire.
More details are shown in Table 3.11-1.
(b) Among the second group, 30 samples from related government
organizations, e.q., Ministry of Commerce, local government organizations, and related
business enterprises such as bank, resorts, and restaurant operators, are selected for the
in-depth interview, (Details are shown in Appendix G Table G-1).
(2) Questionnaire Structure
The questionnaire structure for the first group of sampie composes of 4
major parts as follow: (Details are shown in Appendix G - Form A and B)
(a) Socio-economic of the households, e.g., age, sex, education, working
status, occupation, income, and expenditure;
(b) Awareness and attitude toward the project;
(c) Impacts derived from the project;
(d) Opinion and suggestion to solve undesirable consequences.
The questionnaire for in-depth interview with the second group respondents
covers main issues almost the same as 'the first group questionnaire' but somewhat
shorter.
(3) The Pre-test of Questionnaire
The questionnaire was pre-tested for its validity both in context and in
linguistic ability. The pre-test was done among non-sample households in the study area on
the 13-14 June, 1995. After that, it was revised and improved to be ready for the field
suNrvey.
ENV1t0OMSm1EC,31ID=C                                                    PAGE 3-114



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                    1-INAL HtFUH I
TABLE 3.11-1
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD CLASSIFIED BY AFFECTED VILLAGE
Village             Vill.       Sub-District          District           No. of          No. of
Number                                              Households Respondents
1.  I-Tong                     1     Pi lok            Thong Pha Phum                72               8
2.  Huai Pak Khok              7     Huai Kayeang      Thong Pha Phum               102              10
3.  Kui Yae                    2      Lin Thin         Thong Pha Phum               147              15
4.  Kaeng Raboet               4     Tha Sao            Sai Yok                     101              10
5.  Yang Thon                  3     Sri Mongkhol      Sai Yok                      137              14
6.  Phu Noi                    7     Lum Sum           Sai Yok                      143              14
7.  Dao Wa Dung                6     Sai Yok           Sai Yok                       55               6
8.  Lum Sai                    9      Ban kao           Muang Kanchanaburi          115              12
9.  Dan Makham Tia              1     Dan Makham Tia  Dan Makham Tia                124              12
10. Tha Plab (Tha Phu)        10     Dan Makham Tia  Dan Makham Tia                 137              14
11. Thung Chaeng               2     Kam On            Chom Bung                     90               9
12. Si Yaek Khao Ngu           3      Ko Plab Pla       Muang Ratchaburi            124              12
Total                                         1.347             136
ENVION4/N71261TA821 1-.DOC                                                                     PAGE 3-115



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPO
6.2.2    Hydrology
6.2.2.1   Construction Period
The construction activities between KPO-KP30 must be done during the
season.
Plant Yar Fag (Vertiveria sp.) and Legumes along the pipeline ROW as sc
as the pipe is buried to reduce erosion.
Both sides of the trench should have the slope of less than 60% to prev
erosion.
-   Stabilize stream beds to the same condition to prevent stream scouring.
-   Set up strip cropping along the slope where suitable to reduce erosion.
-   Clean up the stream  banks to original condition to reduce erosion
waterways.
6.2.2.2   Operation Period
-   Regularly check the stability of slope along the pipeline especially along
t                            KP30.
-   Maintain strip cropping and covering vegetation along the pipeline roL
good condition at all time.
3
6.2.3    Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology
p.
6.2.3.1   Construction Period
Pt                        -   Do not grade the entire right-of-way in the proximity of the waterway,
only near the ROW enough for the working area.
3r                         -   Concentrate the major pipe-laying activities, e.g., grading, clearing, op
crossing, etc. must be between November to May.
Iv,
ENV1OO4t71251CHAP-6.0OC                                                PA



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                       FINAL REPORT
INTERVIEW WITH PEOPLES IN BAN THUNG CHANG
INTERVIEW WITH VILLAGE LEADER OF BAN I-TONG
PHOTO 3.1 1-1 :SOCIO-ECONOMIC / ATTITUDE INTERVIEWED
ENV1004/97126ISEC-31 1.OOC                                        PAGE 3-117



_  .. ~ . _..AA   A|W           )   r X r cLIrm  rn.i,j c,. I  IlNAL MHcU Iu 
T-~1'. -                              -
-  I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rNLK:f) 
*   '~ '~h 
Id~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l
INTERVIEW WITH OFFICER OF PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, SAI YOK DISTRICT
INTERVIEW WITH MANAGER OF THAI COMMERCIAL BANK,
DAN MAKHAM TIA BRANCH
PHOTO 3.11-2 :KEY INFOMRNT FOR IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW
ENV1'0 :./7125/EC-31 l .OC                                PAGE 3-118



cu,, W.n- I fw- I r..mnn wr  ,     r  rCLIrtC rrnucvt-                rlNM^L ntrVj n
The village land area is about 140 rais and 55.5 rais classified as residential area,
and the rest are farmland and common ground for public use. All of the land in this village
is boundary of reserved forest. In addition, the other villages in the project area which are
located in Kanchanaburi province, include Ban Huai Pak Khok, are in the boundary of
reserved forest, or in military, or in co-operative colonization areas.
The second type is being flat land and most of them are in Ratchaburi province,
from Chom Bung to Muang Ratchaburi districts. It is classified as the established farming
communities. The most people are farmers. Major planting crops are cash crops, e.g.,
maize, tapioca, sugar cane, cotton, and fruit trees.
The main occupations of people living along the gas pipeline are farmer and
labour. The wage rate is 60-135 bahts per day for farm work and 60-200 bahts per day for
off-farm work. Those who receive 200 bahts per day are mostly found in factories situated
in the areas of Dan Makham Tia and Tha Plab.
Social structure is expressed dominantly in tradition and custom conservation and
group or community solidarity. Modem social facilities, such as schools, hospitals, village
library, and church or Wat, were found almost in every village. Many villages have small
post-offices. Indicating that living condition in the area is reasonably good with convenient
communication network and social facilities except for those living in Thong Pha Phum and
Sai Yok district where most lands are being high and mountainous.
3.11.4.2 Household Study
(1) Socio-economic Characteristic of Respondents and their
Households
The vast majority of respondents (80.89%) was household heads or their
spouses. Sex of respondents is almost equal with the male ratio being a little higher
(52.21% for male and 47.79% for female). In term of age, 86.03% of them were in the
working age (20-60 yrs.). However, those between 31-40 years were categorized as the
largest group (30.88%), and the average age was 43.15 years old.
ENVI 00"47125M5EC-311IDOC                                               PAGE 3-119



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
The majority of respondents had low education status, i.e., 69.85% were
completed only primary school level and 11.03% had no schooling. Most of them were
Buddhists (99.26%). More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-2.
MajoriLy ol responuents U/070%  were not born'in The study area. Most of
them migrated from villages within the province and nearby provinces in the western
region. The main reason for in-migration was economic situation (62.75%), i.e., to fine job
and seek for agricultural land. The next was social reason (coming with parents 19.61% and
for marriage 13.73%). Only 1.96% in-migrate because they like this atmosphere. These
migrants have lived in this area in considerably long times, average of 23.57 years. More
details are discussed in Appendix G Table G-3.
Family size of respondents' was relatively small, averaging 4.31 persons per
household. The sex ratio of family members was almost identical with female a little larger
(51.28%). The average age of household members was 43.00 years old. In term of working
status, the majority of respondents were employed (64.04%) (details in Appendix G Table
G-4). Among the various occupations, farmer (58.09%) and trading (30.0%) were the main
occupations. The other occupations with smaller percentage were agricultural labour
(4.41%), off-farm labour (94.41%), industrial worker (2.94%), mineral worker (2.21%), and
government/state enterprise services. However, more than a half (53.68%) of respondents
had supplementary occupations mostly hired as labour, trading, and farmer (72.6%, 15.07%,
and 12.33%, respectively). More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-5.
Average monthly income of respondents (9,176 bahts per HH. or 2,129
bahts per person) is lower than national average monthly income (15,619 bahts per person,
cited from NESDB, 1995). In the expenditure side, it was relatively high, average of 8,960
bahts per month per household (or 2,078.89 bahts per person). Details are also shown in
Appendix F Table F-6. Though monthly income is a little higher than expenditure, it is not
enough for productive investment, or for quality of life improvement, or for emergency
expenditure. This situation corresponds with the debts, borrowing for agricultural activities
ENVIlO4M7125SEC-31 1.C                                               PAGE 3-120



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
(64.29%), for daily consumption (23.81 %), for buying assets (9.52%), and for education
(2.38%). More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-6.
It was reported that each household owns 1.06 houses in the average and
owns considerable large plots of land in average of 47.81 rais per HH (see more details in
Appendix G Table G-7). For residential land status, the majority of respondents (69.12%)
owns their land. Some of them (12.50%) used other people's land for free of charge.
Furthermore, 9.56% were living in the boundary of reserved forest or of military area (more
details in Appendix G Table  G-8). For farm land, more than quarter of respondents
(39.56%) own their land, 19.12% cultivating in reserved forest, 15.44% renting the land,
and the rest use other people's land for free of charge (more details in Appendix G Table
G-8).
In case of transportation, more than a half of respondents (58.09%) reported
that they could access to asphalt road which can be used all year round. The rest used
laterite/dirt road and with rough surface. In some parts of the study area; especialiv at Ban
ITong, travelling was inconvenient in the rainy season (more details in Appendix G Table G-
9).
(2) Awareness and Attitude Toward the Project
When asking for their awareness of the project, only 41.18% of
respondents knew about and 58.82% did not. Among those who knew, 42.86% received
the information from neighbours, 35.72% from mass media, and the rest from government
officers, local leaders, and project officials. However, when discussing further, most of them
did not know much in details of the project. The majority of them (80.88%) knew only that
the project would pass their land, while 17.65% considerably understood the project nature,
and 1.47% had good understanding. Showing that most of the villager still do not
understand about the project. However, some of them are worried about the safety of gas
pipeline. About a half of respondent (47.06%) did not trust in the safety measures of the
project, while 25.74% were considerably confident, and only 27.2% were fully confident.
ENV1O04M7125EC-311IOC                                                PAGE 3-121



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
Even though they did not know much about the project and some still
worries about its safety measures, most of them (79.41%) agreed with having the project
in this area. Reasons of favourable attitudes were ranked as following: increasing of energy
I/ p ver for the niaition 7   economic progress for the community (19.44%); and more
working capacities for local people (8.33%). Only 3.68% of respondents did not agree with
the project. Among those who had unfavourable attitude, their reasons were afraid of gas
leakage and untrust in safety measures. More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-10.
(3) Impacts Derived from the Project
(a) During Construction Period
Based on the interview about impact on individual and family, 64.71%
of respondents believed that the project will contributed positive impact mainly on
economic terms, for example, more job opportunities and employment, active local trading,
and increaseing land price. Another benefit mentioned is anticipated road, because they
think that PTT will construct a road along the pipeline route.
For those who believed in negative impact, they worried about
inconvenient transportation (35.14%), air and noise pollution, and untrust in safety
measures. However, there are some of them concerned about deforestation (5.41 %).
On the view of impacts on the communities and surrounding areas,
most of the opinions are similar to that of impacts on individual and family. In addition,
another expected positive impact was reducing of deforestation. The reason is that some
people may be hired by the project, thus, reducing the need of people deforestation for
survival. More details are also shown in Appendix G Table G-1 1.
From these opinion, it can be concluded that majority of people is
expected in the positive impacts derived from the project.
(b) After Construction Period
Because there are some people had no idea about project impact,
percentage of those who expect positive impacts and negative impacts from the project
decreased. However, percentage of those who expect positive impacts on the communities
ENVI 004,9J25dSEC.311.DOC                                            PAGE 3-122



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
was greater than impacts on individual and themselves. Positive impacts are mainly related
to economic concem  n.m         poer to use in intrv annh buness sectors more iob
requirement, active trading, and convenient road for transportation.
Expected negative impacts on individual and family, and communities
and surrounding areas were related to safety rneasures in term of accidents, to Karens'
provocation, and to low value of land price. More details are also shown in Appendix G
Table G-12.
(4) Opinion and Suggestion
(a) Opinion on Compensation
The majority of people agreed to cooperate with the project if there is a
fair compensation, but 13.24% were not confident in cooperation. The cooperation of those
who were not confident depended on PTT's compensation rate, amount of expropriated
land, and majority voice of affected people. Only 1.47% did not agree with any
compensation. Their main reasons were afraid of accidents from gas pipeline leaking, and
afraid of changing of their life.
(b) Opinion on Rights to Use of Land for the Project
The 80.89% of respondents accepted PIT's rights to use of land for
gas pipeline both twithout any condition' (16.18%) and 'with fair/right compensation*
(64.71 %). While 8.82% were not sure but depending on PTT's compensation rate, the
majority voice, and land owner decision. Another 8.82% did not accept. Their main reasons
were concem of gas explosion and expectation in low value of land price. (More details are
shown in Appendix G Table G-13).
(c) Opinion on Appropriate Compensation: Methods and
Conditions
The main criteria needed, according to respondents opinion, was
compensation rate that should be closed to the actual market price and should be
reasonably varied according to the affected conditions (73.53%). Some also raised the point
that the land should be appropriated instead of applying the right over land. The main
ENVlOG417126StEC-311 DOC                                             PAGE 3-123



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
condition for paying the compensation proposed by respondents was that the compensation
should be paid in lump sum at once (71.32%). Another condition proposed was that the
affected people should be represented in compensation committee, and PTT must provide
n. '   vVh thei familiar cou[i-io (more Udtil  aleso shown in Appendix G Tabie
G-14).
In addition, respondents suggested that the project should be
constructed to prevent power shortage (5.56%) and should have effective PR program
(11 .1 1 %). In addition, the project should take particular attention to safety measures and to
accidental / dangerous controls of gas pipeline. (more details are shown in Appendix G
Table G-15).
From the above information, the status of people in the project area can
be concluded under the present socio-economic condition that their income is higher than
their expenditure. Most of them have their own house and land, and they live in small
family size with strong attachment to the communities. Form this information, these
communities have high potential for further development, and should not against the
project. Furthermore, some of communities in the project area have been located in the
reserved forest or military area which easily applying the right-over land. From the overall
information, present socio-economic conditions trend to be beneficial to the implementation
of project.
3.11.4.3 In-depth Study
The in-depth interviews were done among 30 respondents who represented as
local government officials (46.67%), business owners (20.00%), i.e., hotel, food shop and
hardware store, bankers (16.67%), and local leaders (16.67%). Two-third (66.67%) of them
were in the active working age (30-50 yrs.). The average age was 42.10 years old. The
majoriLy of them  attained considerably high, education level, i.e., 83.34%  completed in
secondary school or higher, and a half held bachelor degree or higher level. More details
are presented in Appendix G Table G-16.
ENV1O4,97125iSEC-31 DO:C                                              PAGE 3-124



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
They were also asked for their awareness and attitude toward the project, for
*&ei iueas abouft expeted impaCtM. deived from the pef {r add4itiona opinion  or
tfnl IUtd    dLUL Au.IU IIIJO.    UerlIVUU   IlIJISI  LIl  .W    - S'.1  WtAfLS jII I 'JjJ'VI
suggestions about the project, and for other related results. Results are presented as
below:
(1) Awareness and Attitude Toward the Project
In case of in-depth interview, it was found that all respondents (100.00%)
perceived the project information. Most of them (83.33%) obtained the information from the
other persons, especially, the outsiders, i.e., PTT officials (23.33%), district/provincial
government officials (20.00%), TEAM officials (13.33%), and solders of Thai-Burmese
Border Patrol Military units (more details in Appendix G Table G-17). The period of receiving
information was around one year ago (started from the end of 1994). However, when
observed further about details of the project most of them did not know much in details.
The majority of them (73.33%) knew only where the project is situated (correct answer).
The remaining knew more about the place where the raw gas would be tapped and the
expected impacts on local people. There indicated that some key-persons interviewed still
do not understand about the main activities of project correctly (Appendix G Table G-17).
However, the result of study shows that all of these key-persons (100.00%)
had positive attitude toward the project by expressing their agreement. The favourable
attitude were related with the project's role, ranking from contributing to economic
expansion of the community especially during construction period (43.33%), serving as the
national energy supply in term of producing electricity (36.67%), increasing job opportunity
for locals (30.00%), and providing good relationship between affected people and the state
since the project creates more coordination among government officials and local people
(10.00%). Details are more presented in Appendix G Table G-17.
(2) Expected Impacts Derived from the Project
The majority of respondents did not perceive any impacts from the project
to the following aspects: land use (100.00%), land price (73.33%), education (100.00%),
health aspect (83.33%), and the local landscape and recreational spots (80.00%).
ENVJIODS7I2EjEC-311mc                                                 PAGE 3-125



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
However, the important positive impact of the project, according to their
perception, was that it would stimulate economic expansion in local area, particularly during
the construction period leading to provide additional working opportunity, and to increase
Uemand of coU1stL1UULctiU  materia-0's1I, IfUU, 01dIU IUoUIHdi. I ULheImore, 'and wi" beIII  UdeleVIU'
in term  of emerging industries which use electricity or its derivatives, especially in
Ratchaburi province. In addition, the project could affect the increasing of co-operation
between the public and the private sectors in development of the project area (60.00%).
Main negative impact which they worried about is the project's safety measures
(13.33%), both about gas-pipe system and about disturbance from the minorities around the
border area. More details in Appendix G Table G-18.
(3) Additional Opinions and Suggestions
Among the respondent opinions and suggestions, the highest response
(83.33%) was related with the effective public relation of the project. The next was
concerning about disturbance from hilltribe along Burma border (66.67%). The othrs were
coordinating atmosphere with local government officials (23.33%), and participation rate for
local development (23.33%). In addition, they also suggested in carefully considering and
closely supervising of foreign immigrants worker in the project area. Moreover, the project
officials should closely supervise the sub-contractor to work carefully, systematically, and
seriously on the project. More details are shown in Appendix G Table G-19.
3.12     PUBLIC HEALTH
3.12.1   Introduction
The possible health hazards created by the natural gas pipeline project are air
pollutants, wastewaters, and solids wastes. The improper uses of equipment or lack of
safety measures and health care systems can also directly or indirectly affect the worker
health. In addition, traffic events and other accidents could induce damage to public safety
in the nearby areas. Therefore, mitigation measures need to be emphasized in this report.
ENV1004A7125MSEC.31 DOC                                               PAGE 3-126



ELA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
3.12.2   Objectives
(1,   To assess al Ol Ve"eCt duin g coWnstruIction ph.ase to public Iea4, Iinlui
accidents of workers, effects of dust, and main impact of environmental change.
(2) To assess the general information of public health with emphasis on the
local inhabitants living nearby the gas pipeline.
(3) To recommend the mitigation measures to avoid or reduce hazardous
impact from the project implementation.
3.12.3   Method of Study and Scope
Health information was collected directly from public health office of Thong Pha
Phum, Saiyok, and Dan Makham Tia district in Kanchanaburi province, and Chom Bung,
Muang Ratchaburi, in Ratchaburi province. The information includes health personnel,
general public health condition and aids, and venereal diseases condition. Some health
personnel were interviewed, and some parts of patient record were reviewed. Influential
groups and members of household in the project area were discussed to determine the
nature and causes of skin and respiratory problems.
3.12.4   Results of the Study
(1) Public Health Personnels
(a) Thong Pha Phum District, Saiyok District and Dan Makham
Tia District; Kanchanaburi Province
The maximum number of public health community personnel, the
biggest personnel group, in Thong Pha Phum district is 39, and in Saiyok and Dan Makham
Tia district are 30 and 20, respectively. The second biggest group of the public health
personnel is the technical nurses and the third is the professional nurses. For the physician,
there are 4 physicians each in Thong Pha Phum and Saiyok districts, but there are only two
in Dan Makham Tia district. It is noticed that there are not anesthetist in Sai Yok and Dan
ENVI0041971255EC-31iDOC                                             PAGE 3-127



tIA U- YALANA NA I UMAL jAb FiftLINtI tIiUJtCi                        FINAL REPORT
Makham Tia district and no dental assistant in Thong Pha Phum and Sai Yok districts. (More
details are shown in Appendix H Table H-1).
The ratios of physician per population in Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok, and
Dan Makham Tia district are about 1:7419.5, 1:8063, and 1:13,774, respectively.
(b) Chom Bung and Muang District, Ratchaburi Province
There are totally 62 physicians in Muang Ratchaburi district. The ratio of
physician per population is about 1:2,847. The biggest group of health personnel is the
professional nurses (225 persons with the ratio per the population about 1:784), the second
is technical nurses with the number of 167 persons and the ratio 1:1,057. (More details are
shown in Appendix H Table H-2).
In addition, the biggest number of health personnel in Chom Burg
district is the professional nurses. The number of physician is 4 and the ratio per the total
population is 1:14,974 (More details are shown in Appendix H Table H-2).
(2) Major Health Problem
(a) Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok and Dan Makham Tia Districts;
Kanchanaburi Province
Based on the record of death, the majority cause was senile condition
with the rate per 1,000 population about 0.80, 0.80, and 1.02 in Thong Pha Phum, Saiyok,
and Dan Makham Tha district, respectively. (More details are shown in Appendix H Table
H-3 to H-5). Malaria was also a common disease causing death and illness in Thong Pha
Phum district and could be found a few cases in Saiyok and Dan Makham Tia district.
The other diseases that cause of death were of heart trouble disease,
accidents, murder, commit suicide, fever, cancer, disease of lung, digestive respiratory and
blood pressure system, drowning, faint, and convulsion. The numbers of the above other
diseases were in the range of 0.004-0.063%.
ENV1D048712SjSEC.311DOC                                                PAGE 3-128



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
As conceming with the record of illness, it was summarized and
tabulated in Appendix H Table H-6 to H-8. The details are presented as below:
The illness condition in Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok, and Dan Makham Tia
districts are quite similar. The disease of respiratory system was the major problem. The
rate per 1,000 population of this disease was in the range of 310.25-325.69. The disease of
digestive system was the second-rank cause which was found in Sai Yok and Dan Makham
Tia district, but in Thong Pha Phum district, the second-rank cause was symptoms, signs
and abnormal clinical, and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classifiides.
During 1994, venereal disease, AIDS, and HIV-infectious were reported
only in Sai Yok district with 8, 4, and 4 cases, respectively. It is indicated that the spreading
of AIDS was not violently (More details are shown in Appendix H Table H-9).
(b) Ratchaburi Province
The major disease caused of death in Ratchaburi province was the
cancer with the rate of 53.30 per 100,000 population. The second to the fifth ranks were
the diseases of health system, high pressure blood and blood vessel in brian disease,
accidents, and traffic accident with the rate per 100,000 population about 52.36, 34.72,
31.09 and 29.74, respectively. (More detail are shown in Appendix H Table H-10).
In addition, the major diseases causing illness was the disease of the
respiratory system with the rate of 165.14 per 1,000 population. The other outstanding
diseases with high number of patients consist of following diseases; digestive system,
symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical classifieds, and accidents. The rate per 1,000
population of the outstanding disease was in the range of 71.70-165.14. The rate per 1,000
population of the remaining diseases was in the range of 46.58-24.43. (More detail are
shown in Appendix H Table H-1 1).
ENV100CJ9712SISEC-31100C                                             PAGE 3-129



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
3.13     ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE
3.13.1   Introduction
The western part of Thailand was occupied by prehistoric people. The evidences
of their existences can be observed along the Kwae Noi and Kwae Yai Valleys in
Kanchanaburi province. They resided in the caves and rock shelters and preferred moving
from places to places in order to search for food by hunting with their chopping tools.
The historical and archaeological sites, along the gas transmission pipeline route
from Ban I-Tong, Thong Pha Phum district to Ratchaburi province, are not found within 100
m strip of the pipe line route. However, the historical and archaeological sites are found in
the vicinity of the pipeline.
These information are collected from the Institute of Western Thai Culture,
Silpakorn University, Division of Archaeology, and Department of Fine Arts.
3.13.2   Results of the Study
The historical and archaeological sites nearby the gas pipeline route are shown in
Figure 3.13-1. The vicinity historical and archaeological sites along the natural gas pipeline
route are also presented as follows:
(1) Sai Yok Yai Waterfall Archaeological Site
Period                       Prehistoric-Historic
Location                 :  Ban Sai Yok, Sai Yok district, Kanchanaburi
province
Topographic coordinated   : - 14 29' 24' N
980 41' 35' E
Distance from the pipeline  :  3 km
This archaeological site is found on Kwae Noi River bank where Huai Sai
Yok is confluent with Kwae Noi River.
ENVO49712SAEC-31 I.DOC                                                  PAGE 3-130



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,    ,OBOD-5          ,U    io JO  G{                           l!!     lNNOCEU (RAI| HTANNlH)1  
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m     FIGURE 3.13-1   ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ALONG THE NiATURAL GAS PIPELINE                                                                                                                      fl    -



tIA OF YAUJANA NA I UKAL U.AS PIPELINE PROJECT                         FINAL REPORT
Artifacts found:
-   Stoneware       :      Polished stone adze
-   Earthenware     :      Pottery
-   Glazed ware ceramics such as flatten-based bowl from Sukhothai type
of green Chinese ceramic pieces
-   Pieces of bronze
(2) Wang Pra Jae Cave Archaeological Site
Period                   :Prehistoric
Location                 :Wang Kra Jae Sub-district, Sai Yok district,
Kanchanaburi province
Topographic coordinate   :  14 13' 20" N
0
99 01' 50'E
Distance from the pipeline  :500 m
The site is located in a cave on a mountain named Kwae. This mountain is
paralleled with Kwae Noi River. The mouth of this cave is 50 metres high and 15 metre
width in diameter.
Artifacts found
-   Stoneware:      Polished stone adze
-   Agate beads made from -grey and dark grey stone
-   Bone beads
-   Burial
-   Earthenware
(3) Ban Nong Bua (Rai Nang Sin Thong Eaew) Archaeological Site
Period                   :Prehistoric - Historic
Location:  Ban  Nong  Bua  Chom   Bung  district,
Ratchaburi province.
Topographic coordinates    :13 37' 10" N
0
99 34' 10" E
ENV10o0,71SISEC-a11 maC                                                 PAGE 3-132



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
Distance from the pipeline  :  2.5 km
This si+e is on-a slo,   f +th  hi!!   n on rho,m  Buinn Rasin whic-h is
appropriated for ancient settlement and is a center of other communities.
Artifacts found:
-   Stoneware       :     Polished stone materials made from quartzide
-   Earthenware
-   Bone            :     Legs and teeth of animals
-   Chinese ceramic pieces
(4) Ban Nong Bua (Rai Chatta Nong Kha)
Period                   .  Prehistoric - Historic
Location                 :  Ban  Nong  Bua  Chom   Bung  district,
Ratchaburi province.
Topographic coordinated    :  13 36' 30 N
99 34'1 O' E
Distance from the pipeline  :  2 km
The site is located closely to Rai Nang Sin Thong Eaew Archaeological site.
The distance is about 700 m.
Artifacts found:
-   Earthenware potsherds
-   3 yellow beads glass
-   Bone
(5) Ban Pak Bung Archaeological Site
Period                   :  Prehistoric
Location                    Ban Pak Bung, Pak Bung sub-district, Chom
Bung district. Ratchaburi province.
Topographic coordinated    :  130 36' 54' N
99 37' 25' E
Distance from the pipeline  :  1 km
ENV100"4712WJSEC.311ID0C                                               PAGE 3-133



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
Burial and ancient material were found in this site. Therefore, it is surmised
that an ancient burial of other communities may live in the metal late age.
Artifacts found:
-   Earthenware  :  5 pieces of sninrilp
-   Stoneware   :  polished stone adze,
-   Bronze      :. Bronze rings, Bronze bells, Bronze bangles, and Iron
tools.
(6) Ban Khok Moh Archaeological Site
Period                   :  Historic (Ayutthaya)
Location                 :  Ban Khok Moh, Khok Moh  sub-district,
Muang Ratchaburi province.
Topographic coordinated    :  130 33' 30' N
0
99 49' 35" E
Distance from the pipeline  :  700 m
The site is located on the left side of Mae Klong River at Wat Khok Moh
and vicinity. The site is surmised as a large pottery kiln in 21 BC or Ayutthaya period. The
evidence was affirmed by Dr. Kral L. Hutterler that the pieces of pottery in Philippine were
the same soil texture as the pieces were found in this site.
Artifacts found:
-   Earthenware     :      Potteries, Chinese Potteries.
3.14     AESTHETIC AND TOURISM
3.14.1   Introduction
There are several tourist attractive sites, from Thong Pha Phum district,
Kanchanaburi province to Ratchaburi province (Figure 3.14-1). In this section, the major
tourists spot in those two provinces along the pipeline route are presented.
ENVIO 0d9712SiSEC-311.OC                                                PAGE 3-134



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FIGURE 3.14-1  TOURIST ATTRACTIVE SITES ALONG THE N~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATURN KAL GAS PPELIN



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
These information were collected as follows:
(1) Compilation of data on tourist attractions from the Tourism Authority of
Thailand Office and the Tourism Authority of Thailand's Kanchanaburi office.
(2) Surve,inn the exiqtinn touris,t snnes aono thP Dineline route and vicinitv.
3.14.2   Results of the Study
(1) Kanchanaburi Province
Kanchanaburi is the site of world ramous 'Bridge Over The River Kwae'
immQrtalized in books and movies, and is noted for rugged natural beauty where is the
landscape characterised by several water falls, caves once inhabited by Neolithic man,
national parks, and reservoir setting.
The tourist attractions along the natural gas pipeline and vicinity in
Kanchanaburi province are described as follows:
(a) Khao Laem Dam
Khao Laem Dam is located in Thong Pha Phum district, with 152
kilometres far from Kanchanaburi. There is a scenic reservoir with several private raft
complexes offer opportunities for boating, swimming, and fishing.
This reservoir boundary situates at 2 kilometers from the natural gas
pipeline route.
(b) Hin Dat Hot Spring
This hot spring is located in Ban Hin Dat, Thong Pha Phum district at
130 kilometers far form Kanchanaburi of Highway No. 323.
This tourist attraction situates about 10 kilometres from natural gas
pipeline route.
(c) Dao Wa Dung Cave
This cave is found in Bang Dao Wa Dung and situates at 5 kilometres
from natural gas pipeline route.
ENV1004iI712LJSEC-31 1.OC                                        e       PAGE 3-136



'EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
(d) Sai Yok Yai Waterfall
This waterfall frowns directly into the Kwae Noi River, and is
categorized as the most popular attraction within the 300 square-kilometre of Sai Yok
National Park.
This tourist attractive site situates at 3 kilometres far from the natural
pipeline route.
(e) The Lawa Cave
The cave is far from Kanchanaburi about 75 kilometers. This cave has
stalactites and stalagmites in several chambers. Visitors may take boats from Kwae Noi
River, Pak Saeng Pier at Tambon Tha Sao to explore this cave, and travel afterwards
upstream to the riverine of Sai Yok Yai waterfall.
The tourist attraction situates at about 10 kilometres from natural gas
pipeline route.
(2) Ratchaburi Province
Ratchaburi province has many tourist attractions, because the provincial
areas cover with diversity of physical features, various culture, and many historical places.
The tourist attractions along the natural gas pipeline and vicinity in
Ratchaburi province are related with 2 common sites as follows:
(a) Khao Bin Cave
The cave is located in Maung Ratchaburi district. There are rows of
stalagmites and stalagtites distributed all over area of more than 5 rais. Beside these
stalagmites and stalactites, there is a mineral pond containing water all year round.
The tourist attraction is situated at about 600 meters from natural gas
pipeline route.
(b) The Center Region Literatural Botanical Park
This park is located about 20 kilometres from Ratchaburi province and is
situated at 100 meters from the natural gas pipeline route. Total park area is about 2.03
2
km and the park boundary is continued to Khao Pratap Chang in Muang and Chom Bung
district.
ENVlOO497125/SEC.31 1.DOC                                               PAGE 3-137



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
CHAPTER 4
MA ItRP LJA7AMr- ASSESSMENT
4.1      INTRODUCTION
The gas transmission pipeline offers an effective mean of petroleum product
transportation. To maintain the performance and safety to the transmission system, care
has to be taken to ensure that all safety measures are properly planned and maintained.
However, major hazard assessment could be considered because it can damage to
equipment and people.
From characteristic and composition of natural gas which have low molecular
weight, lighter-than air, low density, flash point -500C, ignition of temperature (482-6320 C)
(as shown detail in Table 4.1-1 and 4.1-2). If gas is released, it will be immediately
dispersed. Therefore, probability of fire or explosion are nearly zero for most cases.
However, there are still very slim chance of ignition, in case of the following circumstances
occur simultaneously (Figure 4.1-1).
(1) LFL value of Fuel (Natural gas) is 5.00% volume (wind speed must be 0 m/s
and gas release is in close system).
(2) Adequate concentration of oxygen.
(3) Ignition source (such as electrical spark, flashback, open flame, etc.).
For the Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline, the pipe will approximately 1.5 meters from
the surface. So, mos tof the gas released will be adsorbed within soil and other factors
(location, ventilation, dispersion behavior, pressure, gas outflow, etc.) which make it
unsuitable condition for ignition. From this reason, the fire or explosion are not likely.
However, hazard assessment was assumed in worst case and the case study
were selected from the guideline of World Bank.
ENVION4A7125iCHAP-4.DCC                                                   PAGE 4-1



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                      FINAL REPORT
TABLE 4.1-1
COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS FROM YADANA NATURAL GAS
PIPELINE PROJECT
Component                     Composition (% mole)
Methane                  C,                         70.26
Ethane                   C2                          1.22
Propane                  C3                          0.18
i-Butane                 iC4                         0.02
n-Butane                 nC4                         0.04
i-Pentane                iC5                         0.01
n-Pentane                nC5                         0.01
Nitrogen                 N2                         22.89
Carbon Dioxide           CO2                         5.28
Oxygen                   02                          0.09
Gas molecular weight               20.53
Heat of combustion                >715 BTU/SCF (HHV)
Temperature                        60-1200F
Pressure                           1,250 psig
Contaminants: Water Content        <7 Ib/MMSCF
Hydrogen Sulfide     <85 ppm. W.
Total Sulfer         <100 ppm. W.
Mercury              <50 ,Lg/NM
ENV10"411WTAB41.IDCC                                                               PAGE 4-2



tlA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
TABLE 4.1-2
CHARACTERISTIC OF NATURAL GAS
CHARAC-TERISTIC                         VALUE
-  Molecular Weight           (g)                    20.53
-  Boiling Point              (0C)                 -162-130
-  Vapour Density                                  0.7-1.40
-  rlash roint                                         -5U
-  Explosive Limits           (%)                    3.8-17
-  ignition Temp.              (C)                 482-632
Reference: Manual of Spills of Hazardous Materials, March 1984.
ENV100497134/TAB41-2XLS                                                 PAGE 4-3



FIRE          ||                             E LOSION          |
|   OXYGEN           |
SOURCES WHICR CAN BE                  '
ANTICIPATED BY SENSING
CHANGES IN PROCESS CONDITIONS                                 |                       LIGHTING
* STATIC ELECTRICITY
FUEL                    *EUECTRtICAL SHORT
F-                                                                    * HUMAN INDUCED
r        '             ,                                  .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FLASHBACK
OIL SPILL                 ESCAPING GAS                                               HOT SURFACES
* RUPTURE:                                                * EXHAUST SPARKS
OVER PRESSURE *                                         a OPEN FLAME
LEAK *                                                  a FIRE TUBE-
HIT BY OBJECT            OIL POLLUTION
MATERIAL OUAUTY
* OPENING A CLOSED SYSTEM
* VENT DISCHARGE             INADEQUATE
CONTAINAGE
VESE                     [       RUPTURE                              OPENING                            VENTIFLARE         |
OVRFOW8OVERPRESSURE                                        CL*YSE                                 SYSTEM
* LEAK
a INFLOW EXCEEDS OUT FLOW *     CORROSION                          * VALVE OPERATION                         DISCHARGE
EROSION                                                              * INADEQUATE SCRUBBER SIZE
MAINTENANCE                                                          * SCRUBBER INFLOW
* EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURE'                                                 EXCEEDS OUTFLOW
* HIT BY OBJECT
� MATERIAL OUALITY
� SUDDEN FAILURE OF A MECHANICAL
SEAL
SOURCE WHICH CAN BE ANTICIPATED
BY SENSING CHANGES IN PROCESS
CONDITIONS
FIGURE 4.1-1: HAZARD TREE FOR GENERALIZED PRODUCTION FACILITY
ENV10417134F#IGURE4.1-1                                                                                                 PAGE 4-4



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
4.2      METHODOLOGY
4.2.1    Hazard Identification
The approaches for assessment of the above scenarios were selected from the
recommended method presented in the World Bank Technical paper 'Techniques for
Assessing Industrial Hazards A Manual' (Technica, 1990). Flammable gas event tree (Figure
4.2-1) and Gas release event tree (Figure 4.2-2) was employed in the approaches for hazard
assessment of natural gas leakage. The short description of methodology and related input
data used are as follows:
(1) Release Cases
* A set of release cases was considered according to the facilities of the gas
pipeline system as listed below:
(a) Tie-in-point at Ban I-Tong
-   Pipe leak (42' diameter)   :  20% of pipe diameter
100% of pipe diameter
-   Tie-in-point is surround by idle land with maintainous and about 1
km from Ban I-Tong.
(b) Maintenance Sub-station at Ban Phu Ong Ka
-   Pipe leak (42" diameter)   :  20% of pipe diameter
100% of pipe diameter
-   Surrounding area of the maintenance sub-station closed to Kwae
Noi River was occupied by sugar cane.
(c) Ratchaburi Gas Terminal
-   Pipe leak (42" diameter)   :  20% of pipe diameter
100% of pipe diameter
-   Surrounding area of the terminal in the 1.5 radius is occupied by
paddy field.
ENV1004A7125/CHAP.4.OOC                                                 PAGE 4-5



Fr
'Is Release                           'Is There mmedite             'Is The Cloud    Iser                 Is There Delaed                'Does ThRleas Affect
:Instantaneous ?                       Ignition 7                     Than Air                           aIgnition 7                     ,Other Eriuipment on The Site 7
rw                                                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~                              ~             ~~~~~~~~                                            ~          ~        ~~~~~~~Firebvai  I       Yes       rAss|Z
-                                                                                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C
*                                                                    a                                   , I        Flash Fire or        p          Model Addi8onal Releases                                                               r
'Yes                                                                                                                Explosion                Yes                                                                                            C
Dense Cloud Dispersion       Yes  |No   |bLIpcs|_
Acdbhabic              Yes                                   No  |a
FT
No   Expansion                                                                                                                                                                                   2 r
a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           F e  *   Flash Fire or   *   Morbl AdditionatFa FeMdAinR,et
S                                                                                                                                                                                1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
Neutral/                            Explosion                Yes                                                                                            7 r
s                 I                                  No        lB~~~~uDVant Dispersion  I  Ye5                           No   Io                                         mat    
; ;                       |                             |                                    ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~No                                          soC
Model Additional Releases
Jet Flame           *                                                                   * 
Y Yes                                                                                                   es
Estimate Duration                                         ;
s  No   Calculate Release Rat        eI                                                                             Flash Fire or        I          Model Addirional Releases
-                                                      ~~~~~~~~~       ~        ~~~~~~~~~~Explosion  Yes  g7rAss 
Dense Cloud Dispersion       Yes                              No
Yes                                  No                          ,' bEalS 
No   Jet Dispersion       s
Flash Fire or                   Modal Addrlional Releases
r                                     '                              '         Neutral I                           Explosion             " es
No   Buoyant Dispersion             Y Tes  ||l                                                                            s
cl, ..... FIGURE 4.2-1  FLAMMABLE GAS EVENT TREE
0)               ....                                                                                                                                                                                                      '-    



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                            FINAL REPORT
-~~~~~~~~~~
,        eas -                       Relas                             Tanka Explosion 
No Impact ~~~~~~~~~~iui ador                                    LV
Gas Vents                               Liquid Flashes
to Vapor
r"                                                                  - I                      I     Pool Slowly 
i d gnited)                                                                                        Evaporates 
Vapor Cloud 'V
Traveis Downwind                                     Poo Fire
(d not ignned)                                      Occurs
Vapor Cioud                              _Liquid                                                  Vapor Plume     |
Ignities - Explosions                                                  Rainout                    T
Vapor Cloud                                                Plume Ignites, Expiosion
Igniies - Flashfire Occurs            i                           and/or Flashfire Occurs
No Ignition - Toxic                                                F
Vapor Exposure                                       No ignition - Toxic
Vapor ExPosuLe
Pool Fire 
Occurs
FIGURE 4.2-2  GAS RELEASES EVENT TREE
eNVI0o40"7134MGUME4.2-2                                                                                                    PAGE 4-7



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJEC-T                             FINAL REPORT
(2) Nature of Releases
Nature  of  releases  is  divided  into  2  types,  instantaneous  and
noninstantaneous.
in case of thp ninpline and facilities at Ban I-Tong, maintenance sub-station
at Ban Phu Ong Ka, and Ratchaburi terminal, both instantaneous and noninstantaneous
releases are considered in a hazard evaluation.
(3) Ignition
Flammable gases are usuaily only a danger if they ignite. A very important
part of the analysis is to identify the sources and probabilities of ignition. The types of
ignitions are classified into two categories according to the timing of the ignition, as follows:
(a) Immediate ignition : In this case the gas is ignited while it is still
escaping from containment. Immediate ignition can result in a jet flame or a fireball
depending on the nature of the release (instantaneous and noninstantaneous).
(b) Delayed ignition : This occurs after the material has escaped from
containment and has formed a cloud drifting down wind. Delayed ignition can result in an
explosion or a flash fire.
(4) Fires/Fire Damage
Fire can affect the immediate its surroundings primarily through the radiated
heat. The damage caused by heat radiation can be calculated from the dose of radiation
received; a measure of the received dose is the energy per unit area of the surface
exposed to the radiation over the duration of the exposure. The other approaches can be
calculated by using the power per unit area received.
The radiation effect of a fire normally is limited to the area close to the
source of the release (within 200 m as stated in Technica, 1990). This means that in many
cases neighbouring communities are not affected. However, there are many types of fire
which could create a more extensive effect.
ENV1000712V-4CHWJOC                                            �           PAGE 4-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
Fires can be categorized as follows:
-   Pool fire  e.g., a tank fire or a fire from a pool of fuel spread over the
ground or water.
-   Jet fire : from the ignition of a jet of flammable material.
-   Fireball and BLEVE : (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion)
resulting from the overheating of pressurized vessel by a primary fire.
This overheating raises the intemal pressure and weakens the vessel
shell, until it bursts open and releases its contents as a ,arge and very
intense fireball.
-   Flash Fire : involving the delayed ignition of a dispersed vapour cloud
which does not cause blast damage. That is, the flame speed is not as
high as in an unconfined vapour cloud explosion but the fire spreads
quickly throughout the flammable zone of the cloud.
Fire damage can be estimated based upon correlations with recorded
incident radiation flux and damage levels. The criteria for damage to people and property
from fire are given as follows in Table 4.2-1.
4.2.2    Quantitative Analysis
The considerations were made for many cases of hazardous events (Table 4.2-2).
In order to focus on the potential sources of hazard, some of the events were screened out
by considering the following aspects:
(1) Gas Flow
The amount of gas to be released to the environment was calculated based
on the approached listed in Appendix I. The estimation outflow for different cases of
releases are shown in Table 4.2-3.
ENV100M4712SKNHAP-4DOC                                                    PAGE 4-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
TABLE 4.2-1
THE CRITERIA FOR DAMAGE TO PEOPLE AND PROPERTY FROM FIRE
Incident Flux                     Type of Damage Caused
2
(kW/m)           Damage to Equipment              Damage to People
37.5              Damage to process            100% lethality in 1 min.
equipment                1% lethality in 10 sec.
25.0           Minimum energy to ignite        100% letality in 1 min.
wood at indefinitely long    Significant injury in 10 sec.
exposure without a flame
12.5           Minimum energy to ignite         1% lethality in 1 min.
wood with a flame; melts     1st degree burns in 10 sec.
plastic tubing
4.0                                           Causes pain if duration is
longer than 20 sec.
but blistering is unlikely
1.6                                           Causes no discomfort for
long exposure
E.   _ _ _ _ __A_ _                                                     PAGE   4
6"wlooss7125eH^Po4nOC                                ~~~~~~~~~PAGE 4-10



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                       FINAL REPORT
TABLE 4.2-2
INPUT DATA FOR HAZARD EVALUATION
Facilities             Release Cases       Nature of Release  Ignition            Output
Tie-in-Point
(Ban I-Tong)
Pipe diameter 42'        Pipe leak:             Instantaneous        Immediate  Fireballs
Pressure 1,250 psig      20% of pipe diameter                        Delay       Flashfire or explosion
Temperature 120'F         100% of pipe diameter  Noninstantaneous     Immediate Jetfire
Molecular Weight                                                     Delay       Flashfire or explosion
of gas = 20.53
Ratchaburi Terminal
Pipe diameter 42'         Pipe leak:            Instantaneous         Immediate  Fireballs
Pressure 1,250 psig       20% of pipe diameter                        Delay      Flashfire or explosion
Temperature 120*F         100% of pipe diameter  Noninstantaneous     Immediate  Jetfire
Molecular Weight                                                      Delay      Flashfire or explosion
of gas = 20.53
Maintenance sub-station
(Ban Phu Ong Ka)
Pipe diameter 42'         Pipe leak:            Instantaneous         Immediate  Fireballs
Pressure 1.250 psig       20% of pipe diameter                        Delay      Flashfire or explosion
Temperature 1200F         100% of pipe diameter  Noninstantaneous     Immediate  Jetfire
Molecular Weight                                                      Delay      Flashfire or explosion
of gas = 20.53
ENV1w4A7134trAB42-2XLS                                                                               PAGE 4-11



TABLE 4.2-3
GAS OUTFLOW OF THE PIPELINE LEAK RATE AT 20% AND 100% OF PIPE DIAMETER
Operation Condition                                % of pipe leak          Gas outflow rate! (kgfs)
Tie-in point at Ban l-Tong, Maintenance sub-station at Ban Phu Ong Ka,            20                          18,188
and Ratchaburi Gas Terminal                                                      100                        455,000
- Pipe diameter 42-
- Pressure 1,250 psig
- Temperature 1200F (322.040K)
- Molecular weight of gas = 20.53
m



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
(2) Impact Evaluation
The first step of impact evaluation was conducted by comparison the
concentration of the gas released (for 20% and 100% pipe diameter) with the flammable
limit of natural gas of which lower flammable limit (LFL) and upper flammable limit (UFL)
are 5.00%  V and 15.00%  V. respectively. If the concentration of either jet or buoyant
dispersion is not in the flammable limit, the ignition will not be induced. Therefore, the
hazardous impact is negligible.
4.3    RESULTS OF HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT
The potential hazardous cases identified in section 4.2 are at Tie-in-point (Ban
I-Tong), Ratchaburi Terminal, and maintenance sub-station (Ban Phu Ong Ka). These three
facilities will similary used the specific of pressure, diameter of pipe, and the others.
Thus, the assessments of the potential hazardous events are similary as follows:
(1) Instantaneous Release with Immediate Ignitions: Fireballs
The 'Instantaneous releases with 20%7 and 1uu70 pipe leak were calculated
based on the gas volume contained in 42 pipe diameter with 1 km in length. For the 100%
pipe leak with instantaneous release, the mass release will be about 64,448.46 kg (64.45
ton) (detail calculation in Appendix I), the maximum radius of the fireball will be about 99.61
m with radiation intensity of 271 kW/m . The affected gone with radial energy of 37.5 to 4
2
kW/m were ranged from 267.82 to 820.06 m (Table 4.3-1). The impact from the heat
radiation within this zone is quite significant at 820.06 m causes pain to people if duration is
longer than 20 sec. but blistering is unlikely. Therefore, any development should be within
0.85 km.
(2) Noninstantaneous Release with Immediate Ignitions: Jet Fire
For 20% and 100% pipe leak with noninstantaneous release, the jet flame
model will be employed in estimating thermal radiation effects from a particular point in the
flame to a receptor at distance. The maximum distances for 100% pipe leak at 37.5 to 4
2
kW/m  are 1,392.68 - 4,264.21 m. Table 4.3-2 shows the distance of radiation flux from a
particular point in the flame to a receptor for 20% and 100% pipe leak. The details of the
calculation are in Appendix I.
ENViO04912t251AP4bOC                                                    PAGE 4-13



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT
TABLE 4.3-1
THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE FIREBALL
AT RADIATION FLUX (METRE)
Incident Flux         Distance from Center of Fireball (m.)
(kW/m )           Pipe Leak: 20%         Pipe Leak: 100%
of pipe diameter       of pipe diameter
37.5                  90.48                 267.82
25                 110.82                  328.02
12.5                 156.72                 463.90
4                 277.04                  820.06
EJV1OOtb4g713d~TAB4t3S                                            PAGE 4-14



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL FiEFORT
TABLE 4.3-2
THE DISTANCE OF RADIATION FLUX FROM A PARTICULAR POINT
IN THE FLAME OF JET FIRE TO A RECEPTOR
The Distance from a particular Point
Radiation Flux           in the Flame to a Receptor (m.)
2
(kW/m )           Pipe Leak: 20%         Pipe Leak: 100%
of pipe diameter       of pipe diameter
37.5                278.09                1,392.68
25                 340.59                1,705.68
12.5                481.66                2,411.64
4                 851.47                4,264.21
ENv100871341TA43.2.xLS                                           PAGE 4-15



*IA  '[*'~ WL# * I _ ; rirtLirdt r.u.. I                         FINAL REPORT
(3) Instantaneous   Release   with   Delayed   Ignition:  Adiabatic
Expansion / Flash Fire
The adiabatic expansion model (Appendix I) were utilized to calculate the
radius of the expanded cloud as a function of time (Table 4.3-3). The percent volume of
expanded gas lower than the LFL of 5.00%V. will be 70.52 and 19.75 m-radius for 100%
and 20% pipe leak, respectively.
(4) Noninstantaneous Release with Delayed Ignition: Jet Dispersion
with Neutral or Buoyant Dispersion / Flash Fire
The jet dispersion model (Appendix I) can calculate the concentration and
the velocity on the jet axis at a given distance from the released spot. The concentrations
of dispersed gas lower than the LFL (5.00% v.) with the maximum distance for 20% and
100% pipe leak are shown in Table 4.3-4. As stated in Table 4.3-5, the maximum distance
of flash fire is 125 and 30 m for 100% and 20% pipe leak, respectively.
The potential sources of hazardous events were summarized in Table 4.3-5.
4.4      HAZARD REDUCTION
In order to reduce hazardous consequences, it is necessary to make profound
changes to the project design. For this reason, a hazard analysis is best carried out at the
design stage, when design, layout and sitting modifications can be made relatively easily.
4.4.1    Improve Shut-down System
If a release dose occur, it is possible to reduce the amount of gas released
from pipeline from the site by checking pressure at Block Valve or pressure at pressure
regulating station. By remote sensing to SCADA system, the gas leak pipeline control will
be operated immediately by shut-down control or relief value operation. Automatic
shutdown will reduce the amount of gas escaping from pipeline and also reduce the
release duration.
ENV104A7122SCHAP-4DOC                                                   PAGE 4-16



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL FhtUK I
TABLE 4.3-3
THE MAXIMUM RADIUS OF FLASH FIRE
IN ADIABATIC EXPANSION
LFL 5.00% vol.
% pipe leak        Time   Core Radius Core Concentration  Flash Fire
3
of 42" pipe dia.   (second)      (m)       (kg/mr)    % vol
100%             10         54.38      0.052      5.62        Yes
20        70.52       0.024      2.57        No
20%              3         17.73       0.060      6.53        Yes
4         19.75      0.043      4.72        No
ENVIO0497134/TAB433.XLS                                                 PAGE 4-17



TABLE 4.3-4
THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF FLASH FIRE
IN JET DISPERSION
LFL 5.00% vol.
% pipe leak      Distance            Concentration            Flash fire
of 42" pipe dia.     (m)          (kg/m )          % vol
100%            100            0.06            6.54          Yes
125           0.04            4.36           No
20%             25           0.054            5.88          Yes
30           0.045            4.91          No
ENV100047134lAB43-4XLS                                                 PAGE 4-18



tIA  LJ TV Lh AI5A  65A   i  flA  _a'  {  .. . _. _ _.
TABLE 4.3-5
SUMMARY FOR HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT
Nature of Release   Ignition        Output        % Pipe leak         Results of Impact
of 42- pipe dia.
instantaneous        immediate  - fireball            100%       fire damage in the maximum
radial of 820.06 m. from the
release source
20%        fire damage in the maximum
radial of 277.04 m. from the
release source
delay    - Adiabatic          100%       fire damage in the radial of
Expansion                     70.51 m. from the release
- flash fire                    source
20%       fire dar,,age in the rddiai or
19.72 m. from the release
source
noninstantaneous     immediate    jet fire            100%       fire damage in the
distance of 4,264.21 m.
from the release source
20%        fire damage in the distance
istance of 851.47 m. from
the release source
delay   |  Neutral /          100%       fire damage in the distance
Buoyant                      of 125 m. from the release
Dispersion                   source
- flash fire         20%        fire damage in the distance
of 25 m. from the release
source
PAGE 4-19
ENV1OO007134fTA843.5.XLS



4.4.2    Reduction of Impact
As well as the consequences and risks of release, the analyst should also
consider measures to reduce the impact of these releases. Some possible measures are
given below, arranged in order of increasing involvement of employees and people off-
site.
-   provision of bunkering or blast wall at metering station for each factory
-   fire wall / fire-proofing of structures
-   provision of escape routes for employees
-   provision of safety and emergency training for employees
-   implementation of emergency procedures on and off-site
-   provision of public alert systems and education of public
-   planning and training for evacuation
-   provision of safety buffer-zone around the station boundary
-   provision the emergency plan
4.4.3    Reduction of Risk
If it not possible to reduce the consequence sufficient using reduction of
impact and shutdown system, it may be possible to reduce the risk (or probability) that a
release will occur. The risk of a release can be reduced by using reliability studies or
techniques such as HAZOP to improve the operation and control of the system.
The HAZOP will be developed by the pipeline facilities contractor and reviewed
by PTT to examine the design in detail.
4.5   SUMMARY OF MAJOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Results of major hazard assessment was impossible in practical because of
characteristic and other factors' natural gas (as stated in 4.1). Especially, Fireball and jet
fires was immediately ignition. In part of delayed ignition was considered gas dispersion
and concentration level which it must be higher 5.00% volume (LFL) such as if adiabatic
ENVIOOW7125:1a4AP4DOC                                                  PAGE 4-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
expansion / flash fire is less 12 sec, gas release must be more 5.00% V. and properly
other condition, the flash fire wras generated and heat radiation was about 57.66 meters,
etc.
In addition, the Yadana Natural Gas Project will have SCADA System,
mitigation measures and HAZOP Study. For this reason, impact of major hazard is
minority.
ENV102Q*A12- HAP4.0=                                                    PAGE 4-21



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
CHAPTER 5
I~ItDt~P&A~P~I9    I i"fA     EV>s
5.1      GEOLOGY/SEiSMOLOGY
5.1.1    Construction and Operation Periods
The construction procedure of the pipeline route is included with digging up
trench to the average depth of 1.9 m, and at this depth the geological setting of the area is
generally not disturbed.
The seismicity of the Tenasserim Range covering the proposed project area was
not very in records (Nutalaya et. al., 1985). The earthquakes of high magnitude (over 7.0 on
Richter scale) are confined to the large scale faults, i.e., Sagaing fault in Myanmar which are
located more than 100 km away from the site. It should be noted that the magnitudes of
earthquakes recorded within 100 km radius around the site are never exceeded 6.0 on
Richter scale.
The altemative equation used for calculation of maximum ground acceleration at
site due to an earthquake of a given magnitude developed by Japanese Ministry of
Construction is adopted. The equation can be expressed as follows:
0.208m   40686
An,a.    =  46.0 x 10    (D+10)
Where   Ar,na    =   Maximum ground acceleration (cm/sec)
M       =  Magnitude acceleration (Richter scale)
D       =  Epicentral distance {km)
The application of the above equation is shown in Figure 5.1-1. The adopted
equation yields a 0.05 g maximum acceleration at site for epicentral distance of 50 km from
the earthquake of magnitude 6.0. By based on the adopted design value of the pipeline
related structure at 0.1 g (maximum ground acceleration) which is a common design value
ENV100497112S/CHAP*S.DDC                                               PAGE 5-1



M
0.5>
z
z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
a    -  W; i:   S-z                                                              A,
o
G)
w
w                                                                                      -a
U                                                                -u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m
<                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z
m
0                    5010-5 20
z     0.2                                                                             01
0
0.1                                           *AMAX    0.1 g.....
0             50            .100             150             200'
EPICENTRAL DISTANCE (km)
--   M= 6
+  M  8
FIGURE 5.1-1 PLOT OF CALCULATION MAXIMUM GROUND ACCELERATION AT THE SITE AGAINST                  >
cr                EPICENTRAL DISTANCES FOR EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE IN THE RANGE 4.00 TO 8.00     i-m
El-



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
for dam construction in western Thailand. However, the project is designed the pipe
structure with high value at 0.2 g, therefore the gas pipeline should not be impacted by the
size of recorded earthquake in the area. In addrtion, the regular monitoring program along
the pipeline route can also assure the safe operation of the pipeline.
Vehicular weekly patrol program is necessary to investigate along the pipeline
route, and to detect any sign of abnormality and third party's activities. Furthermore, the
total pipeline route will be patrolled after the earthquake to detect any sign of soil
movement, or land subsidence. Geometry Pipeline Internal Gauge (GEO PIG) its also applied
(if necessary) to locate any deformations as well as position and orientation of the operating
pipeline. This computerized procedure will result in the indication of pipeline operation which
can be remedied if necessary.
5.2    HYDROLOGY AND EROSION
5.2.1    Construction Period
The hydrological regime around the project area may be temporarily altered due
to the pipeline crossing. Most of the affected streams are intermitted and will retain water
only in the wet season. In addition, the crossing activities are often conducted in the dry
season, and completed within one day for open cross of the small stream. Therefore, the
hydrological pattern will not be affected at all by pipe laying activities. Concerning with the
larger waterways, e.g., Kwae Noi river, Huai Lam Pha Chi, Huai Sai Yok and Mae Kiong
river, the directional drill is applied. This approach will not disturb the stream bed because
the drilling case is adjusted more than 1.5 m under the stream bed. With the application of
this method, hydrological regime are generally not affected.
Due to the ragged terrain towards the pipeline section close to Ban I-Tong, these
topographic conditions limit the construction activities to be conducted mainly during the dry
season (November - Early May). This constraint will also alleviate the impact on surface
water hydrology.
ENVMGC4i9712SICHAP.S.DOC                                                   PAGE 5-3



tb1A Ul- YALUANA NA I UFML JAZ rlr-LIIMr r-nv'JMr.
Focusing on the potential erosion induced from the pipeline construction, as
previously mentioned the pipeline section from KP.0 to KP.27 is located in the steep terrain
of Watershed Classification (WSC) 1A (10 km), 1B (4 km) and 2 (13 km). The construction
of the pipeline portions entering into WSC 1A and 1B is described as follows: (Figure 5.2-1)
WSC 1A:   (1)   KP.20+199 - KP.16+923 with catchment area of 23 sq.km.
(2)  KP.1 2+832 - KP.1 1+824 with catchment area of 4 sq.km.
(3)  KP.10+641 - KP.7+736 with catchment area of 3 sq.km.
(4)  KP.5+937 - KP2+808 with catchment area of 4 sq.km.
(5)   KP.1 +858 - KP.0+000 with catchment area of 5 sq.km.
WSC 1B1:  (1)  KP.14+482 - KP.12+832 with catchment area of 6 sq.km.
(2)  KP.12+832 - KP.10+641with catchment area of 3 sq.km.
(3)  KP.7+736 - KP.5+736 with catchment area of 4 sq.km.
(4)  KP.2+808 - KP.1 +858 with catchment area of 4 sq.km.
Some pipeline sections are also designed with alignment aligned along the
mountainous valley to minimize with any impact on erosion. In addition, the pipeline ROW
should be minimized with depending on the topographic condition but it will not exceed 40
m strip. However, in this study the worst case approach will be observed with these
assumption:
-   The affected ROW will be 50 m
-   All of the affected ROW will be cleared at the same time
-   No protective measures are applied and
-   The estimation of erosion rate will be based on the various land uses as
mentioned in Table 5.2-1. The value to be used is 2,000 times higher than
erosion caused from the forest cover.
With the above assumption, the calculations of sediment load from the clear
ROW are shown in Table 5.2-2.
ENV104I712s5cHAP.s.DoC                                                  PAGE 5-4



m _ < j % k Y+rJ  S S -K2Vu 
X    m    X   g   E  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4w                Fhfi E fi 
* | LECEIIC                                                                            P     SC 
0
Z
m
2
FIGURE 5.2-: SUB-WATERSHED OF WATERSHED CLASS 1A AND lB ALONG THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE



4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-    .KPI14+482                 .y~y1�'~'
CRAPHIC SCALE
-                                                     w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~       '--
-U
FIGURE 5.2-1: SUB-WATERSHED OF WATERSHED CLASS 1A AND 1B ALONG THE NATURAL GAS PIPELiNE (Contd)
7.j
ONJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



WlA U1- YAUANNA  A I UMAL UP  rErcLIINQ r-W  I
TABLE 5.2-1
REPRESENTATIVE RATES OF EROSION FROM VARIOUS LAND USES
Land Use                     Erosion Rate               Relative to
2
ton/km -yr                Forest= 1
Forest                                          8.5                         1
Grassland                                       85                         10
Abandoned Surface Mines                        850                        100
Crop Land                                     1,70                        200
Harvested Forest                             4,250                        500
Active Surface Mines                         17,000                     2,000
Construction                                 17,000                     2,000
Source   Center, 1977
ENVlI04i9734/TAS2- 1.XLS                                                          PAGE 5-7



TABLE 5.2-2
ESTIMATED SEDIMENT LOAD DUE TO ON-SITE EROSION
WSC             KP.            Affected Area      Sediment Load         % of Sediment in
(sq.km.)          (Ton/Year)         Comparison with
Kwae Noi River (K10)*
1A     20+199  - 16+923              0.1             1,700                    0.170
12+832  - 11+824            0.05                850                    0.085
10+641  - 7+736              0.1              1,700                    0.170
5+937  - 2+808            0.175              2,975                    0.300
1+858  - 0+000             0.05                850                  0.0850
1B     14+482  - 12+832             0.05               850                     0.085
12+832    10+641            0.15              2,550                     0.25
7+736  - 5+736             0.05                850                    0.085
2+808  - 1+858             0.05                850                    0.085
Note   * Total Load of Kwae Noi Basin at K10 (Ban Lum Sum)
is 1,026,320 ton/year (as cited in Table 3.2-8)
ENV1004A9713AITABS22.XLS                                                                PAGE 5-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
By based on the above assumption on erosion, the overall maximum percentage
of sediment to be washed from cleared ROW is only 1.285% of the total sediment in
Kwae Noi river close to the project area. Therefore, the impact from worst case scenarios
for suitable measures could be minimized the potential impact on this aspect. The proposed
measures will be discussed in more details with the next chapter.
5.2.2    Operation Period
After the completion of pipe laying activities, the following procedures are
mandatory.
-   In case of open crossing, the opened up period will not exceed 1 day.
-   The stream bed will be manipulated and leveled to make the condition close
to the natural setting.
-   Grass varieties of Yar Fag (Vertiveria sp.) and legumes will be planted along
the pipeine route in `vWS1 to retain the soil mass and reduce erosion.
With the above practices, it is foreseen that the impacts on hydrology and
erosion along the pipeline can be considered as minimal.
5.3      WATER QUALITY
5.3.1    Construction Period
The natural gas transmission pipeline will connect directly the Yadana Gas field to
Ratchaburi thermal power plant. Along the recommended route, many features of
topographic settings will be encountered; namely, mountainous range near tie-in point at
Ban I Tong, steep hill area sloping towards Kwae Noi river in Amphoe Thong Pha Phum and
Sai Yok, flat area along the river bank especially for Kwae Noi river, and low land area along
Mae Klong river. Most of the waterways crossed by the pipeline are intermitted streams
which are nearly dried up during the dry season. The streams and rivers with water all year
round include Huai Phra Osa, Huai Pracham Mai, Huai Khayeng, Kwae Noi river, Huai Sai
ENV10049712S/CHAP-6.0OC                                                  PAGE 5-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
Yok, Huai Mae Kraban, Lam Sai, Lam Phao, Lam Pha Shi, and Mae Klong river. The
potential impacts on these waterways will be caused due to Right-of-WVay (ROW) clearing,
grading, and crossing. Clearing involves with the removals of trees, bush and other
vegetations. The ROW   i b  graded to provide s.fe  .orking surface and minimize pipe
bending. Grading can cause surface disturbance. Cutting and replacing steep slopes may
lead to instability and erosion. As previously mentioned most of the streams meandering
through the steep slope area are mostly intermitted stream and the pipe laying activities in
this particular section will be concentrated during the dry season due to limited access in
the wet season. Thus, the instability and erosion induced by grading practices will be
acceptable. In addition, strict mitigation measures will be enforced for this early section of
the pipeline.
Focusing on the crossing, the open cut crossing or wet crossing will be applied
for the small intermitted streams (Figure 5.3-1). The pipe trench will be stopped at short
distances of watercourse banks to prevent silty trench water from entering watercourses.
The hard trench plugs will be left in place until the installation of stream crossing has been
initiated. In addition, the undisturbed vegetative covers will be maintained adjacent to the
water edge as a buffer zone to limit the potential siltation to be washed into the waterway
during rainfalls. Again, the crossing and trenching activities are often conducted mostly in
the dry season, therefore, the potential impacts due to additional siltation and erosion will
be minor. In addition, the results of water sample analysis of the watercourses in the study
area indicated that the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in Lam Pha Shi was as high
as 610 mg/l in the wet season. Thus, the impact on additional SS is viewed as relatively
minor.
The wet crossing was also practiced at Khlong Phra Ong Chao Chaiyanuchit in
August 1995. It was revealed from the water quality monitoring program that the water
quality for pre-and post dredging is very similar in tLerm of pHi and electrical conductivit.y
(Table 5.3-1). The suspended solids (SS) were 153 mg/A for the pre-dredging period due to
ENVOO44971251tHAP.S.DOC                                                 PAGE 5-10



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                FINAL REPORT
ADOmOtwAL R/W
IF REOUIRED
S"'7.-I4ADAD R 1ul 'nAjTW
2 FR~~ENCH*
_ _s- *_T              N1. -TOPSOIL
SPOIL PILE       _              D PLUG
WATERCOURSE                   _      T
S    t. -B ~ACKHOE        f-TPSOIL
SPOIL
PILE
PIPE WELDED. PRETESTZ-
COATED AND WEIGHTED
PLAN VIEW
N.T.S.
Notes
1. Schedule construction during low flow period and the appropriate timing window.
2. Obtain permission and stake extra right of way if required. Keep vehicles within stakes.
3. Install vehicle crossing if required.
4. Stop trenching activity short of watercourse bank. Retain hard plugs as long as
possible.
5. Pipe should be welded, pre-tested, coated and weighted prior to initiating pipe
installation.
6. Trench through watercourse, maintaining hard plugs at each bank until just prior to
pipe installation. Lower in pipe and backfill immediately. Trenching and backfilling
should be completed in the same day if possible. Utilize two backhoes to expedite the
crossing.
7. Remove vehicular crossing, restore banks to original condition, and stabilize as
required
FIGURE    5.3-1   WET CROSSING 
ENV1004*1GURE S.-1                                                                            PAGE 5-11



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           ?INAL ntruM I
TABLE 5.3-1
WATER QUALITY IN
KHLONG PHRA ONG CHAO CHIYANUCHIT
Post-Dredge Data
Parameter        Pre-dredge Data
(10/4/95)*       Upstream      Downstream
pH                              7.3             6.9             7.2
SS (mg/A)                     153.0            36.0            31.0
Conductivity                    450             400             420
(Umho/cm)
Oil and Grease                 0.60            1.50            2.50
(mg/A)
Note * There was a heavy rain in the-area on 9/04/95.
Source: Field surveyed by Team Consulting Engineers Co., Ltd.
ENV1004AMMAB534fAE5~l.LS                                               PAGE 5-12



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
the heavy rain while the post-dredged SS was only 31 mg/l. However, it can be observed
that the concentration of oil and grease wA:as remakablyk high upstream and downstream
from the crossing area (1.5 and 2.5 mg/A) which can be due to the long tail boats travelling
in this Khlong and the rinsing of construction equipment and machineries.
In case of the large waterways, e.g., Kwae Noi river, Lam Pha Shi, and Mae
Klong river, the open cut crossing will not be suitable for such water courses, thus, the
directional drilling will be applied (Figure 5.3-2). This approach will utilize the driller bore
about 2 m underneath the river bed without any disturbance on the river bottom. The
increased suspended solids during the drilling will be nil. The drilling fluids and muds will be
stored in the designated containers and disposed of by the contractor. The containers of
the drilling mud will be located at least 100 m from the watercourses.
During the pipe laying activities, a specific area will be allocated as maintenance
unit and construction site. All of the maintenance, and cleaning will result in discharge of
waste oil. lubricant. water coolant. etc. These wastewater will be collected in the -suitable
containers and drums, and stored for properly disposal at local service facilities.
The construction activities will require about 600 workers (at peak). The
construction camps are expected to be located at Amphoe Thong Pha Phum and Chom
Bung and will not be moved along the pipeline route. Thus, the discharge of domestic
wastes into local streams and waterways is not expected. Within the construction camps,
the sanitary latrines will be adequately provided with the ratio of 15 workers/ 1 latrine. The
amount of BOD load generated from the camps will be about 18 kg/day which are properly
handled in the provided sanitary latrines. The latrines are located at least 100 m from the
waterways, thus, the seepage from the latrines will not contaminate to surface water
around the project area.
ENV00"97125MCHAP..DOC                                                   PAGE 5-13



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                    FINAL REPORT
BUr-'S  '    DO {0 NOT CLEM  OR R,AO_E)
h o.Om uli   hO Om_ Ul 
,,-SPOIL Pl                       | w                       S
BORING MACHIN                                                    TPOIL)
=    -                                                                          Bi,O.zgf 50LOL
O2 _                                 BELLHOI.�         VD4ICL  CROSSING
TOPSOILv                           -I ~ ~ ~   <    '-
PLAN VIEW
N.T.S
- ,BUF7.R ZONESm
* \ X | _II                    -RC2@RIS;j    ' |
V~ORING M4ACH-INE
PROFILE
N.T.S
Note
1. Bore (or punch) watercourse crossing to prevent sedimentation of watercourse,
interruption of stream flow, and alteration of stream substrate. This method is
appropriate for crossing irrigation canals and occasionally, for crossing natural
watercourse. The advantage is that in-stream work is eliminated and timing of the crossing
is not restricted. However, this method may not be possible if excessive groundwater is present
or if the substrate consists of large boulders or bedrock.
Obtain geotechnical data prior to commencing boring (or punching)
FIGURE  5.3-2  WATERCOURSE BORING METHOD
PAGE 5-14
ENv100AiFlGuRE 5.3.2



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
5.3.2    Operation Period
Prior to the actual oneration of the nineline; the overall nineline qvctem wi!! be
hydrostatically tested. Fresh water from Mae Kiong river are used for this purpose which
will eliminate the needs for additional chemicals, e.g., corrosion inhibitor and biocide. The
spent freshwater are also returned to the Mae Klong river after the test via an arch
discharge pipe to oxygenate the water and dissipate erosive energy and the de-water
activities will be on a splash plate and vegetated land to reduce any impacts on erosion.
During the normal operation of gas transmission system, no adverse impact is
expected on the water quality. In case of any gas leakage, the overall pipeline systems are
installed with SCADA computerized system to monitor the changes of gas flow, pressure
and volume at all time. In addition, along the overall length of the pipeline will be buried
under the ground of at least 1.5 m of soil on top of the cement coated pipeline.
Furthermore, the pipeline route is clearly marked with sign to prevent any activities that
may damage the pipeline. With all the above precaution measures, the chances of gas
pipeline rupture is very slim.
The operation of the new gas pipeline system will recruit additional staff of 5 in
each station. This group of staff is on duty for 3 shifts, thus, the assessment needs to be
observed on the wastewater generation from the office and staff residents. This amount of
staff will generate BOD load of 1.56 kg/day which is properly treated in the septic system.
Thus, no impact is expected on the nearby waterways.
Concerning the solid waste, the staff of 5 could produce the waste of 5 kg.!
day/station. These small amounts of waste will be disposed by local municipalities.
Therefore, any impacts due to improper waste disposal is not foreseen.
ENV1O04/97125MHAP-S.DOC                                                   PAGE 5-15



5.4      AQUATIC ECOLOGY
5.4.1    Construction Period
Throughout the process of pipeline development, the areas posted the impacts
on the aquatic ecosystem are the watercourse approaches and crossings. The nature of
impacts is clearly observed in the forms of increased suspended solids and habitat
disturbances along the pipeline route.
As previously mentioned in the water quality section, most of the waterways in
the study area are small intermitted streams that nearly dry up during the dry season. This
type of stream does not support a large array of benthic organisms due to severe
seasonally change of environmental conditions. The results of the benthic survey in the
main waterways also revealed that the species density and diversity of the concerned rivers
are very low with average of 104.5 individuals/sq.m. The dominant group is Ephimeropteran.
During the pipeline laying period, small streams are trenched approximately 1.2
meters wide across the width of stream (Figure 5.41). The construction are concentrated
mainly during the dry season when most of the streams are nearly dry. In addition, the
crossing will be expedite by utilizing backhoes and trenching, and the backfilling should be
completed within the same day. All of the concemed areas e.g., river bed, and banks will
be stabilized to original condition. With the above practices, the impact on benthic
organisms is minimal.
The planktonic species will receive lesser impact in comparison with the benthic
group due to their mobile nature. Plankton will expose to the high suspended solid at a
relatively short period of time due to the turbulent and drifting characteristic of the
waterways. Thus, the impact is perceived as minimal.
In case of the large rivers, e.g., Kwae Noi, and Mae Klong, the direct drilling or
boring method will be applied (Figure 5.42). This approach is used to prevent sedimentation
of watercourse, interruption of stream flow, and alteration of stream substrate. Therefore,
no impact is expected on the aquatic ecosystem.
ENV1004A7125/CHAP-5.DOC                                                PAGE 5-16



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                 FINAL REPORT
vADOMotLAL R/W
IF REQUIRED
STANDARD R/W WIDTH
t1    .. L.TRENCH             I
>gL-. TOPSOIL
SPOIL PIL _-X-  ,..HARD PLUG 
.CKHOE,.--CKHOE   TOPSOIL
SPOIL         - -     .      A        _
PiLE
I- PIPE WELDED. PRE.-M7D
I COATED AND WEIGHTED
PLAN VIEW
N.T.S.
Notes
1. Schedule construction during low flow period and the appropriate timing window.
2. Obtain permission and stake extra right of way if required. Keep vehicles within stakes.
3. Install vehicle crossing if required.  I
4. Stop trenching activity short of watercourse bank. Retain hard plugs as long as
possible.
5. Pipe should be welded, pre-tested, coated and weighted prior to initiating pipe
installation.
6. Trench through watercourse, maintaining hard plugs at each bank until just prior to
pipe installation. Lower in pipe and backfill immediately. Trenching and backfilling
should be completed in the same day if possible. Utilize two backhoes to expedite the
crossing.
7. Remove vehicular crossing, restore banks to original condition, and stabilize as
required
TE5-
FIGURE     5.4-1 :WET CROSSING 
ENV1004/F1GURtE S.4-1                                                                        PAGE 5-17



EIA OF YANADA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                    FINAL REPORT
BUVrE;Z ^tL3 (tBO NOT CLEAR OR -AOC)
O.U I        h2 o~UI(
,-SPOIL PILE                         t.
r      J    @;-'=;-  '_____                   |,n, -Sc. -~ ,.   ,,  -;
~~~-I---  j ~~~~~~~~~~ SPOIL
IA F S3 {\ i I * 1 ^ &~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ / I_ / B I_ .y#_ ~~~~~~~~~~~~'...LL.JiiI   ~     7 2,)
<  o- =                      =         ^ -DAJU-C} ,)
o   _                                 BELLHOLE         VW CLE  CROSSINC
TOPSOIL- /
PLAN VIEW
N.T.S
BUFr;R ZONES
\ =- - 1< - 1 l~,            i  
\-BORING MACHINE
PROFILE
N.T.S
Note
1. Bore (or punch) watercourse crossing to prevent sedimentation of watercourse,
interruption of stream flow, and alteration of stream substrate. This method is
appropriate for crossing irrigation canals and occasionally, for crossing natural
watercourse. The advantage is that in-stream work is eliminated and timing of the crossing
is not restricted. However, this method may not be possible if excessive groundwater is present
or if the substrate consists of large boulders or bedrock.
Obtain geotechnical data prior to commencing boring (or punching)
IEiGURE  5.4-2:  PTERCOURSE BORING METHOD 
ENVIQOOVFGUFIE S.4-2PAE51



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
Conceming the construction camp, it is located in Amphoe Thong Pa Phum and
Chom Bung and the camps will not be located along the pipeline route. Thus, the potential
impact on human waste contamination is not observed.
5.4.2    Operation Period
The gas transmission system is buried under 1.5 m of soil surface. Therefore,
there will be no adverse impact on the aquatic communities in the study area.
5.5      SOIL
5.5.1    Construction Period
Soils under plant covers are naturally eroded in small amount. If there is no plant
covers or vegetative are cut, the erosion will take place severely especially for sandy or silty
soil on high slope. There are many soil series that have sandy texture and located on high
slope such as Thayang, Lat Ya, Mae Rim, and Slope Complex. These types of soils under
plant covers have the rate of soil erosion about 16-21 tons/rav'ear. After laying gas pipeline
and no vegetation cover, soil erosion will be increased to 69-2,000 tons/rai/year.
The pipeline route is passed through watershed area class 1A and 1B at Tambon
Takhan, and Tambon Sai Yok, in Thong Pha Phum district. Soils in these areas as classified
mostly as Slope Complex with the slope is higher than 35%. If the pipe laying procedure is
done without carefully planning the rate of soil erosion will be very high. (Details of
calculation are shown in section 3.5).
In gently sloping area, the soil erosion will be in high rate if the soil is sandy and
no vegetative covers. Nam Phong and Khorat soil series without plant covers will be eroded
in the rate of 16-23 tons/rai/year and with plant covers the amount of soil erosion is
minimum rate with 5-7 tons/raiNyear. Therefore, the laying gas pipeline in gently sloping area
is also being done with careful planning.
ENV1O4/971251CHAP-S.DOC                                                  PAGE 5-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
In flat area, the rate of soil erosion is very low. In Deum Bang soil series which
the topography is flat, the rate of soil erosion without plant covers is 1.73 tons/rai/year
while with plant covers is observed only 0.10 tons/railyear.
5.5.2    Operation Period
The soils within the pipeline route area have been distributed during laying the
pipeline processes. They can be eroded easily if there is not plant covers or revegetative
program is not succeeded. The erosion will cause the damage of surface soil because gully
or in the worst case of mass movement may occur especially for the area of slope is
greater than 35% in WSC 1.
5.6      FORESTRY
5.6.1    Construction Period
During the pipeline laying activities, the forestry resource within Thong Pha Phum
National Park will be cleared for 9 km with ROW of 20 m. The foreseen impact are as
follows:
(1) Clear Cutting of Vegetations
Natural vegetations within the ROW will be all cleared which include 1,584
trees, 35,532 seedling, 202,320 saplings and 9,234 bamboo culms.
(2) Loss of Forest Area
The ROW of natural gas pipeline will be all cleared for trenching and
pipelaying activities. The affected area will be 112.5 rai (18 hectare) located within Thong
Pha Phum National Park.
(3) Loss of Tree Volume
The natural gas pipeline development will induce the loss of tree volume of
1,410.39 cu.m. and bamboo of 9,234 poles. The total value for these resources is
ENVX401i97125/CHAP.5DOC                                                 PAGE 5-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PBOJECr                          FINAL REPORT
estimated to be 2,555,681.42 baht (2,499,632.42 baht for tree and 56,049.00 baht for
hbmboo).
(4) Alteration of Forest Ecosystem
The natural gas pipeline ROW  will be cleared, thus, the rich ecological
communities will be altered to the pioneer stage with weeds and small plants as the
dominant species. This new phase of the succession has the lower ecological values.
(5) Disturbance of the Reserved Areas
The strip of forest to be disturbed will be located within proposed Thong
Pha Phum national park. The construction activities will have some impacts on this reserved
area. The natural gas pipeline will pass the Sai Yok Natonal park at 2 sections namely: (I)
KP43 to KP47 with approximately 4 km of distance and (ii) Kwae Noi river at Ban Phu Ong
Ka with approximately 400 m of distance along the river the constructional method in this 2
sections will use the Directional Drill to avoid the Sai Yok national park (Figure 5.6-1).
5.6.2    Operation Period
During the operation period, there will be no direct impacts on forest
communities. However, the cleared area will open up the forest canopy and the seedlings
will be exposed to high intensity of sunlight which may inhibit growth of some species of
shaded species. However, the magnitude of impact will be limited because the weeds and
other opportunistic species will rapidly occupy the clear areas and lead to natural
succession. The climax community will be dry evergreen forest. Therefore, the impact
during operation period is minimal.
5.6.3    Without Project Development
Considering the forestry resource without the proposed project, the vegetative
clearing will not be necessary. Thus, the accumulation of biomass will be continuous which
will contribute benefit to mankind, wildlife and ecosystem. Considering only the timber
value in the affected area within the Thong Pha Phum national Park, the annual timber
ENV I 0097126ICHAP-S.DOC                                              PAGE 5-21



2               A                       ~~~                                                                  ~-t~w  .
AC
pi   T
NATUAL GS PIPELINE AT SAI YOK NATINLPR
0 Vb~ ~ ~ ~~~~ 
m  FIGURE 5.6-1   THE POSITION OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PASS THRU SAl YOK NATIONALS PIPPARK
(SI                                                                                                              -V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-z .
4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
3
incremental volume will be 36.569 m  or worth about 61,210.57 baht and the bamboo of
I A ,0  il-, vialiud at 14A nl0 ba. Thus, the to+o! in.rtemenr    !   of the t,mh r -l "
75,224.57 baht. This sustainable yield will be obtained every year with value increase
annually according to the inflation rate i.e. given the inflation rate of 7% per annum, in the
next 10 years the value of incremental timber will be 1,039,336.36 baht and the 20  year
the value will be 3,083,868.28 baht until the 50 year the value will be 30,580,963.91 Baht.
The sustainable yield of timber will be obtained indefinitely. Also without the project
condition, the forest ecology will not be damaged, and sustained.
5.7      WILDLIFE
5.7.1    Construction Period
The impact assessment on the wildlife resource in the construction phase of the
pipeline route, here, will be expressed by degrees of impacts that likely to occur from the
project implementation on 3 wildlife groups and their respective responses to such
undesirable impacts.
(1) Adaptable species
Those wildife species with high adaptability to the changing environmental
conditions, and, the project activities do not cause any declines in the normal populations
and the shrinkages of the local distributions. Also included, are those wild animals known to
inhabit the surrounding protected areas, but still absent in the project area.
(2) Advantageous species
Those highly-adaptable wildlife species can survive well in the changed
environmental conditions, and, the various project activities also enhance the increments of
the populations and the enlargements of the distributions, including their preferred habitats
and ecological riches becoming better in overall conditions.
ENV10004,7125'CHAP-S.DOC                                                PAGE 5-23



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
(3) Disadvantageous species
Those having low adaptability to changing environmental conditions. A
particular project activity may affect the wildlife species thus resulting in lowering of local
nnniiI;tinn nimhbers in the chrinknaie rif the rrfitrihiitinnq inri in wnprcninri thpir normiirpri
r-r ------ ----- 7-,-.  " - -  ;__  -*-  -_-_-_-,_-_*-__                     n
ecological habitat conditions, or, affecting their basic needs. In addition, some of the project
activities may create more severities, directly or indirectly, to the already-existing problems.
From the present assessment of impacts that likely to occur in the project
construction on the wildlife resource, it is found that of the total 541 wildlife species known
to inhabit the project area and the surrounding protected areas, there are the highest 342
(63.22%) adaptable species, the 135 (24.95%) advantageous species, and, the lowest 64
(11.83%) disadvantageous species.
Dealing solely with the 407 wildlife species that do existing or expected to
exist in the project area, they comprise the highest 209 (51.35%) adaptable species, the
134 (32.92%) advantageous species, and, the lowest 64 (15.73%) disadvantageous species.
The details of each group and its respective impacts are as follows:
(a) Adaptable wildlife species
This group is composed of 209 wildlife species which comprising 27
mammal species (12.92%), 140 bird species (66.99%), 29 reptilian species (13.88%) and 13
amphibian species (6.22%).
The 27 adaptable mammal species can survive successfully in many
types of habitat conditions and possess high natural reproductive rates, such as the
Northern  treeshrew   (Tupaia  belangen),  the  Common  palm  civet  (Paradoxurus
hermaphroditus), the Small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), etc.; also some species
with high flying mobility, i.e. the bats, can avoid the undesirable effects of the project
activities.
The 140 adaptable bird species, are mainly those which nnt only beinn
highly-adaptable to changing environmental conditions, but also possessing the power of
flying so capabling to escape from almost all undesirable effects, such es the Scaly-breasted
ENV104a71251CHAP-S.DOC                                                  PAGE 5-24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
munia (Lonchura punctulata), the Brown-throated sunbird (Anthreptes malacensis), the
Golden-crested myna (Ampeliceps coronatus), the Blue rock-thrush (Monticola solitarius), the
White-bellied yuhina (Yuhina zantholeuca), the House swrft (Apus nipalensis), the Large
hawk-cuchoo (Cuculus sparverioides), etc.
The reptilian species, regarded as adaptables, are composed of 29
species that can adjust themselves well to the changing environmental conditions, but
being low in moving ability. They are usually neglected small animals, such as the Siamese
ground gecko (Phyllodactylus siarmensis), the Long-tailed skink (Mabuya longicaudata), the
Ground skinks (Scincella spp.), the Common whip snake (Ahaetulla prasina), the Mock viper
(Psammodynastes pulverulentus), etc. Other larger species of more efficiency of moving
about on and in water, such as the Indo-chinese rat snake (Ptyas korros), the Common
checkerback (Xenochrophis flavipunctatus), the Copperhead racer (Elaphe radiata), the Water
monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), etc.
The 13 adaptable amphibian species are mainly smaiksized animais
living on the forest floors or around the water bodies; it is fortunate that most are not
esteemed as delicacies by local villagers, such as the Variegated toad-frog (Leptobrachium
hasselti,), the Mountain frog (Rana alticola), the Burmese frog (Rana leptoglossa), the Indian
cascade frog (Rana livida), the Common stream frog (Rana pileata), the Common dwarf frog
(Philautus parvulus), etc.
(b) Advantageous wildlife species
The wildlife species that actually living and expected to live in the
project area, regarded as advantageous species that benefit from the project
implementation, here numbering to 134 species, comprising 1 mammal species (0.75%),
101 bird species (75.37%), 15 reptilian species (11.9%) and 17 amphibian species (12.69%).
Sole advantageous mammal species, the Small Indian civet (Viverricula
indica), is a highly adaptable carnivore that lives near human habitations, from which it hunts
for domestic chicken and ducks and roosts in the rice barns. So the clearance of forests for
the pipeline route will provide it with more foraging grounds.
ENVIO4A97125/CHAP-6.OOC                                                  PAGE 5-25



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
As high as 101 bird species are the advantageous wildlife species, they
are denizens of the open fields and disturbed habitats, in which they seek for insects,
seeds and other smaller animals, such as the Black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus), the
Chinese francolin ([rancolnus plntadeanus), the Plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus),
the Grey wagtail (Motacilla cinerea), the Ashy minivet (Pericrocotus divaricatus), the Oriental
magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis), etc.
The 15 advantageous reptilian species are smalksized animals of high
adaptability and being fond of sunning themselves on the exposed perches, so the open
spaces are essential for their daily activities, such as the Flat-tailed gecko (Cosymbotus
platyurus), the Forest lizard (Calotes emma), the Red-headed lizard (Calotes versicolor), the
Variable skink (Mabuya macularia), the indo-chinese rat snake (Ptyas korros), etc.
The project activities will certainly benefit at least 17 amphibian species
which are the common species of open fields and disturbed habitats. So the 20-m forest
clearances by the present project will enhance the presences of their preferred habitats,
such as the Common black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus), the Common puddle frog
(Phrynoglossus martens,), the Paddyfield green frog (Rana erythraea), the Marsh frog (Rana
limnocharis), together with many species of froglets in the family Microhylidae.
(c) Disadvantageous wildlife species
This wildlife group of 64 species that actually living or expected to live
in the project area, of which comprising the highest 53 mammal species (82.81%), 7 bird
species (10.94%), 3 reptilian species (4.69%) and 1 amphibian species (1.56%).
The 53 disadvantageous mammal species are those sensitive to the
project activities, starting from the presence of the site surveyers, the cutting down of
some vegetations along the pipeline route, and, the introduction of workers and some
machineries into the project area. These human disturbances will certainly drive them away
from the construction sites and/or block their migration routes; in addition, the workers
might be tempted to hunt some wild animals as food. These mammal species include the
Malayan flying lemur (Cynocephalus variegatus), the Phayre's leaf monkey (Semnopithecus
ENVIGO4jI712BICHAP5.DOC                                                 PAGE 5-26



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELtNE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
phayre,), the Tiger (Panthera tigris), the Leopard cat (PrionaiJurus bengalensis), the Malayan
tapir (Tapirus indicus), the  - Fea s  runtjk  (Munti3Acus Aae), the  Southem  serow
(Naemorhedus sumatraensis), etc.
Only a low number of 7 bird species are considered disadvantageous to
the project activities. They are birds of the pristine forest conditions which can not adapt to
inhabit the so-created open habitats along the pipeline route. Their ill adaptability prevents
them from co-existing with human, so their local movements will be substantially limited by
the project implementation. Among them, there are the Bar-backed partridge (Arborophila
brunneopectus), the Scaly-breasted partridge (Arborophila chloropus), the Grey peacock-
pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum), the White-bellied woodpecker (Dryocopus javensis),
the Great slaty woodpecker (Mullenpicus pulverulentus), the Striated bulbul (Pycnonotus
striatus) and the Slaty-backed forktail (Enicurus schistaceus).
The 3 disadvantageous reptilian species are mostly slow-moving forest
animals. The present construction of the pipeline roLite, not only block their local
movements, but the clearances of lush vegetations also expose them to hungry predatory
animals as well as to the project workers. They are the Elongated tortoise (Indotestudo
elongata), the Burmese brown tortoise (Manouria emys) and the Marble monitor lizard
(Varanus nebulosus).
Only 1 amphibian species considered as a disadvantageous wildlife
species, the Malayan giant frog (Rana blythii), is a large-sized frog of the clear forest
streams. The pipeline construction at some sites closed or paralleled to the streams will
unavoidably accumulate more bank debris, which lately washed down into the streams. The
so-created sediment will directly destroy the spawning habitat of this frog, and the frogs
themselves being hunted as foods.
The construction activity at KPO to KP30 will be carried out in dry
season with 2 groups. The first group will be responsible for the section KPO to KP15 and
the section KP30 to the end point at KP20 will be the responsibility of second group. Both
ENV1004097125/CHAP-5.DOC                                                  PAGE 5-27



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
groups will start to work at the some time with the productivity rate of 250-300 metre per
day, thus, this task will be finished within 4.5 months. For the steep slope, especially at
KP20 section with about 250 m of distance, the cable will be employed first by means of
Backhoes which installed the pneumatic hammers.
5.7.2    Post-construction Period
After the construction phase, the available access roads and paths used for
carrying equipments and machineries into the sites should be properly maintained for future
services and maintenances. The 20-m wide forest clearance to accommodate the pipeline
will more or less act as a barrier against the local movements of some arboreal animals,
such as the macaques, leaf monkeys, squirrels, etc. In crossing such wide gap, the small
mammals will have some difficulties to pass without being noticed by the waiting predatory
animals.
5.8      LAND USE
5.8.1    Construction Period
The pipeline route will pass through many kinds of land use pattern such as
community, agricultural area, and forest. The impact on particular types of land use is as
described follows:
(1) Community
This land use type comprises of various houses, row houses, police stations,
and government offices. The high density of houses are located in Amphoe Muang and
Amphoe Chom Bung, Ratchaburi province, However, if the right of way is considered only
20 meters strip on each side of the line, there are only 26 houses that need to be
evacuated. Hence, the impact to the people lived along the pipeline is not high People who
have houses in the right-of-way can move their houses out only a few meters.
ENV1004/9712s/CHAP-S.DOC                                                PAGE 5-28



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
(2) Agricultural Area
Most of crops -growVI ,ing wit.hin 100 metas strip 'irum the pipeiine route are
upland crops such as sugarcane, cassava, maize and some mixed orchards. The upland
crops are 1 perennial plants except maizes that last only 4 months. They can be harvested
before the project is implemented. In case of mixed orchard, the owners will receive cash
as the compensation.
The impact to agricultural area is considered to be low levels because most
of upland crops are short season and can be harvested before the project start.
(3) Forest
The forest within the right-of-way comprises of dry evergreen trees,
bamboo, and other plantations. Some of them are mostly found in watershed area class 1A
and 1B of Kanchanaburi.
The impacts to forest are related wrth the tree losses which will cause
erosion to hazardous level. Careful measures have to be used and implemented in this
study area.
The project will provide the 2 areas for the stock yard as follows:
For the piep stock yard the project will be provided with 2 station at;
(a) Rental area at Ban Hong Ka Yeng with the area of 50 rais.
(b) Rental area at KM.96 of Highway No.4 with the area of 20 rai.
Since the both areas are agricultural land use type with flat terrain, thus the
impacts on the land use are unforeseen.
5.8.2    Operation Period
It is expected that after the project is operated, the pattern of land use will not
changed. The distance that has effects to land use pattern is very narrow and is specified
for underground. Therefore, the impact on land use in operation period is considered to be
low levels.
ENV1004/7125/CHAP.5.DWC                                                  PAGE 5-29



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
5.9      TRANSPORTATION
5.9.1    Effect on Road Network
5.9.1    Construction Period
The construction phase of the natural gas pipeline will cause two primary effect
on road:
-   Temporary traffic interference on every intersections between the gas
pipeline route and the roads
-   The increase of traffic load due to the movement of project vehicles.
(1) Traffic Interference at the Intersection
The gas pipeline could intersect 7 highways at 6 points from Tie-in-point at
Ban I Tong to Ratchaburi terminal. At every intersections, the gas pipeline is passed under
highway foundation through a casing which will be designed to carry the extra traffic loads.
Interference on the highway traffic is partially resulted from operation of equipments,
trenching the highway surface, laying the pipeline in the trench, and backfilling. However,
frontage access or detour will be properly provided to improve a temporary inconvenience
during construction at these intersections. This adverse effect is perceived as the short-
term impact. With proper engineering design and construction practices, the construction of
onshore pipeline crossing the road/highway and railway is considered as minor impact.
(2) The Addition of Project Vehicles to the Local Traffic
The coated pipe for the pipeline route is generally transported to the
construction site and continuously moving to the new location by means of the most
appropriate direct route leading to the construction area. During the transportation process,
the project vehicles moving materials and labors will yield the heavy traffic of most
highways and feeder roads heading to the gas pipeline route. However, this effect is only a
short-term, them the effect can be considered as insignificant impact.
ENV1004/97125/CHAP.S.DOC                                                 PAGE 5-30



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FiNAL REPORT
5.9.1.2   Operation Period
life opelation of the pipeline p,oJect will n0t sihlow tIhle impact orI transportation
network because the pipeline is always iocated in underground along the road.
5.9.2    Effect on Navigation
5.9.2.1   Construction Period
During construction phase of EGAT power plant sections at Ratchaburi province,
the pipe transshipments is used only by Mae Klong river. Then, transportation process will
disturb only for short-term local navigation, and the effects can be considered as minor.
However, this suspended section can create a hazard to navigation, thus the proper
warning buoys to mark the pipe transshipments route is necessary.
5.9.2.2 Operation Period
In case of the Mae Klong pipe crossing, the exact location of the pipeline route
must be put into navigation chart for proper waming of all vessels. Thus, the effect can be
considered as insignificant levels.
5.10     COMPENSATION
5.10.1    Construction Period
As for previous report mentioned that only 26 houses of 130 people will be
affected by the study project. These people can move their houses and properties only a
few meters from the right-of-way. Hqwever there will be some impacts occurred to the
effected people as follows:
-   Fair compensation rate, and
-   Negotiation on relocation schedule and price of properties.
ENV10419712W/CHAP-5DOC                                                  PAGE 5-31



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
5.10.2    Operation Period
People who get an effect from the project implementation may confront with
various problems of living either building a house or the orchard due to they can not
affordabie to buy a new iand With the obtained compensation.
5.11     SOCIO-ECONOMIC
Generally, the respondents of both households and key-informants seemed to
agree in opinion that the project does not have serious impacts on the local communities,
i.e., incase of land use, since a large portion of gas pipeline area passes to reserved forest,
national park and by road side, and PTT will not construct road or infrastructure; only the
land used for gas pipeline construction will be restored as good as before. The same view
also expressed about impacts on social issues especially on education and health,
development schemes in term of building or stimulation consciousness, and impacts on
recreation and landscape. However, if PTT develops the areas for tourist attraction, it will
improve the landscape and consequently recreation area considerably. Most of respondents
consistently answered that the project would not affect the local communities strongly.
Nevertheless, by based on the evaluation of project impacts independently from
each source, i.e., household survey, in-depth interview and local situations under specific
social and cultural background, it was found that positive impacts are greater significance
than the negative ones as elaborated below:
5.1 1.1   Construction Period
(1) Positive Impact
-   Stimulating economic growth and activities in forms of increased local
employment, more job opportunity and boosting local trade particularly
in ncnsrutinn materials, contraction, lodginin  food se!!ing and banking.
ENV1004/971251CHAP-5.DOC                                                  PAGE 5-32



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
-   Higher land price especially around the area of Ratchaburi Power Plant
because U lanud uevelopment in the area. Business enterprises and
industry are also expected to increase.
-   Stimulating the interest of govemment officials to develop the project
area including the cooperation with people for local administration.
-   Health care in the area will be improved by the government and PTT
officials because during the construction period, the members of people
in the project area are increased considerably resulting from increasing
need for better health care services which officials have to pay more
attention in this aspect.
-   As for education, the projects activities can be used as a case study for
students in the fields of environment and technological studies and to
improve their knowledge and experiences. This will help in developing
strong awareness of n6irnmen.t.a! issues.
(2) Negative Impact
Though the negative impact is concemed with ecology and occurs in a
relatively short period during the project construction, it should be realized and remedied
accordingly to the main policies that the project does not neglect local people. Most of the
negative impacts are described in the realms of psychological and environmental aspects as
below:
-   Psychological effect can be detected in forms of wariness about safety
measures especially during the testing of gas delivery and the anxiety
about harmful acts from the minority groups during the construction
period. Other disturbances are inconveniences in commuting between
home and workplace or outside areas during the construction.
-   The environmental effects are mainly the increasing dust and noise
pollution during the construction. These problems are normally come
from trucking, loading/unloading of materials, and working machine. The
ENV1004/97125/CHAP-5.DOC                                               PAGE 5-33



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
wood cutting in the construction areas is including noise from working
camps and increasing numbers of vehicles. These will affect the
environmental system of habitats and forest.
-   The other negative impacts of lesser significant are the economic
condition by some land will be lost, and forest products will be reduced
because of the project construction. Local labour cost will be higher rate
because many of them will be satisfied to work for the project during
the construction. However, this is also a good situation for working
households. Economic impacts can therefore be positive and negative
sides at the same time.
5.11.2    Operation Period
(1) Positive Impact
-   Economic gain from  having additional electric powers which can be
used in industries and business in addition to household consumption
resulting in economic progress for local communities and a whole.
-   Better communication facilities. Though the project does not construct
new roads, the land filled space above the gas pipeline route can be
used for travelling to some degree. In addition, the gas pipeline
operation systems which include safety monitoring procedure and
devices will contribute to villager choices for communication particularly
the track from Ban Rai to Pu Thong will serve as a short-cut between
these two communities.
(2) Negative Impact
-   The effect on land price around the gas pipeline areas will be
considerably lower.
-   The psychological effect will be strong in actions if there is no proper
public relations program to reduce local people wariness about safety
ENV1OD4/97126/CHAP-S.DOC                                                  PAGE 5-34



ELA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
measures of the project. The fear of gas leakage and explosion and
violent accienis created by smal' thiliirdbe minority along the bordenine
will make the project less acceptable to local residence.
5.12     PUBLIC HEALTH
5.12.1    Construction Period
Dust from the construction activities such as soil excavatinrg, pipeline laying,
reclamation and equipment installation may be the major causes of diseases of the
respiratory system of the workers. Since more than 70% of gas pipeline transmission will
be laid along the highway strip and the construction requires many heavy equipments such
as Back Holes trucks and motor grader, thus working with carelessness and skillessness
may be the principal causes of accidents and injuries.
It is expected that workforces in construction period is about 600 persons. It is
also forecasted that about 50% of workers which are technicians will be recruited from the
other regions and the remainder will be recruited from the local people. In addition, the
constractors plan to establish construction camp within 2 areas namely, the first area is
located at Amphoe Thong Pha Phum and the second area is located at Amphoe Chom
Bung. Thus, the influx of the workers may affect to the quality of local public health care
services. In addition, the contractors have to provide the first aid unit at the construction
office.
The over-crowded condition, improper ventilation and bad hygiene condition in
workers camps will cause the epidemics such as cholera, food poisoning, and diarrhoea. In
addition, the relaxation at the brothel of the workers will be the main cause of venereal
diseases and aids spreading. These may infect and contact to local communities around the
project site. Thus, this is the responsibility of contractors to set up prevention measures in
order to get rid of these problems.
ENV100419712SICHAP-S.DOC                                                 PAGE 5-35



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
It is also expected that the contractors will provide the mobile temporary offices
accommodated with latrine unit and first aid unit inside. These offices will be moved along
the construction route.
5.12.2    Operation Period
No negative effects on public health is foreseen during the operation period. It is
resulted from the effective safety measures such as the signs showing restricted areas,
and the instruction for any prohibited activities around the pipeline will be set up.
Furthermore, it is ensured on safety and accident prevention that the mobile
inspector will be accommodated within the gas pipeline. It will move along pipeline route all
time to investigate the leak or some damage of the pipeline. And the maintenance will be
carry out suddenly when any damages was found.
5.13     OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH/SAFETY
5.13.1    Construction Period
The main impact about occupational health and safety is concerned with the
accidents and injury from construction activities. These activities are related to
transportation, piling, and gas transmission pipe installation. Dust and lound noise will
occurred due to the construction activities and it will be irritate to eyes, respiratory system
and auditory nerve. Since some parts of this proposed transmission gas pipeline will be laid
along the highway route, thus the chaotic condition between construction activities and
local transportation may also occur. However, the impact in this issue due to the noise and
dust will not be adversely because the gas pipeline is laid with some distance from
communities. Thus, disturbance to the local communities will be at a minor level.
ENV10041971251CHAP-S.DOC                                                  PAGE 5-36



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
5.13.2   Operation Period
It i exrct.ed that ther, i  on o 4         hea--h and -yfe, in op-ration
period will be negligible. The activities in this period are related to the inspection of pipeline
damage and maintenance. In addrtion, computer network will be set up to control gas
transmitting through the pipeline. Accidents and injuries will be minimized from
maintenance activities, if the staffs are fulfilled with skills and cares.
5.14     ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL VALUE
The proposed project will have no adverse impact on any of the archaeological
sites due to the remote distance of the pipeline from all of the concerned archaeological
sites. The archaeological site nearby the pipeline about 500 m is Wang Pra Jao Cave. Thus,
the impact on this archaeological site is not foreseen.
5.15     AESTHETIC AND TOURISM
The major pipeline route will be paralleled with the road and highway. Most of
the aesthetic/tourist attractions are generally located out of the study area except the area
of Center Region Literatural Botanical Park. However, this pipeline route will be paralleled
with highway No. 3087 and located at opposite side of this park. Thus the effect from the
proposed project on the aesthetic/tourism of this area is considered as minor impact.
ENV1004M712s5cHAP-5.DOC                                                PAGE 5-37



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
CHAPTER 6
KfITIfrATIr'NI f'ACAL  0r    ANDr 'NVIRON0M NfTArrAI RANAEIA MENT
IV IaI u-II II %J II 4I  P%IJfl   LIP-I'dL   ITL14VFI I P%L IVI/AmI'mt3IVIarII
6.1      INTRODUCTION
The recommendations and mitigation measures stated in this chapter (Table
6.1-1) are resulted from the assessment of potential impact described in Chapter IV and V.
With the implement of the recommended measures along with the proper engineering
practices, the adversed impacts to be induced from the project should be alleviated at the
acceptable level.
6.2      MITIGATION MEASURES
6.2.1    Geology / Seismology
6.2.1.1   Construction Period
-   Design the pipeline and associated structure to withstand maximum ground
acceleration of 0.2 g.
-   Prepare adequate contingency plan prior to construction and communicate
the plan to all construction personnel in case of any accidents or
earthquakes.
-   Make minor adjustments along the alignment to minimize any blasting or
disturbance of geological setting in the area.
6.2.1.2   Operation Period
-   Conduct the detail geological and seismicity study in the vicinity of the
pipeline with intension to identify possible active geological/ seismological
structures.
ENV1004/9712S/CHAP6.D0C                                                  PAGE 6-1



z
TABLE 6.1-1                                                                                                 >
0
SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURE
a                                                                                                                                                                                                      z
x
z
Environmental Component           Phase                    Cause of Impact                                              Mitigation Measure                                             >
t-
m
1.  Seismology                   Construction/    The proposed project will be in seismic zone.  - Prepare adequate contingency plan prior to construction and communicate               j
z
m
Operation                                                      the plan to all construction personnel in case of any accidents or earthquakes.        Y;
- Make minor adjustments in alignment to minimize any blasting.                          m
.  Design the pipeline and associated structure to withstand maximum ground
acceleration of 0.2 g.
Conduct the detail geological and seismicity study in the vicinityg of the pipe-
line with intension to identify posible active geological/seismolcgical structures.
2.  Hydrology                     Construction -  The erosion to be induced from the pipeline   - The construction activity between KPO-KP30 during the dry season only.
construction in watershed class 1A and 1B.    * Plant Yar Fag IVetiveria sp. I and Legumes along the pipeline ROW as soon
as the pipe is buried to reduce erosion.
- Both sides of the trench should have the slope of less than 60Yo to prevent
erosion.
>                                                                                                                        _                                                                             r~
-u
m                                                                                                                                                                                                      m
0
-40



m                                                                                                                                                                                                     Lm
g                                                                                    TABLE  6.1-1  (Cont'd)                                                                                           >
0
Environmental Component           Phase                    Cause of Impact                                              Mitigation Measure                                           >
C)
.                       $~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2.  Hydrology iCont'dl            Construction                                                 * Adjust the stream bed to the same condition to prevent stream scouring.               v
* Set up strip cropping along the slope where suitable to reduce erosion.              m
z
- Clean up the stream banks to original condition to reduce erosion into               m
waterways.                                                                           o
Operation   -  erosion along the pipeline.                     Regularly check in stability of slope along the pipeline especially along
KPO-KP3O.
.  Maintain strip cropping and covering plant along the pipeline route to be in
good condition at all time.
3.  Water Quality                 Construction    Pipe laying will increase the suspended solid  - Do not grade the entire right-of-way in the proximity of the waterway, grade
concentration turbidity in the immediate area,  only near the ROW eine for the was as working area
* Concentrate the major pipe laying activities, e.g., grading, clearing, open cut
crossing, etc. must be schedule between November to May.
0)                                                                                                                                                                                                    m
m                                                                                                                                                                                                     -
0)                                                                                                                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0



m                                                                                                                                                                                                 M
TABLE  6.1-1  (Cont'd) 
o                                                                                                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
-nl
z
x~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Environmental Component          Phase                   Cause of Impact                                             Mitigation Measure                                          z
c
3.  Water Quality (Cont:di       Construction                                                   Stop trenching activities short of water course bank to prevent silt-laden         En
-v
-v
water to enter the water course. The recommended minimum plug widgh                m
z
is 3 m.                                                                            m
- Leave the undisturbed vegetative area about 10 m from the waler course             O0
m
until the crossing is imminent.                                                   -.
.  Do not wash equipment or machinery in waterway.
- Inspect machinery and equipment used for construction to prevent any oil
leakage.
- Restore .the stream bed and restore the banks to their original conditions.
- Plant native vegetations at the disturbed river banks lo speed urp the
recovering period.
- Apply proper erosion and sediment control at all waterways.
- Store backfill material at least 10 m from the river course.
- Grade way from the river course to deduce the silt entering into waterways.
-I,
m
m                                                                                                                                                -u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
0
4.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-



TABLE   6.1-1  (Cont'd)
0
8  .                                  TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd)                                                                 .                                   m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
rA                Environmental Component             Phase                       Cause of Impact                                                  Mitigation Measure
3   Water Ouality (Cont'd)            Operation      Discharge of chemical from hydrostatic test      - Continuously monitor the pipeline operation leg. gas presure, flow, volume,
-e
of the pipeline.                                    etc.) via SCADA.                                                                           m
-  Gas leak from the pipeline.                         Periodically monitor along pipeline route to detect any protubiled activities              m
with in pipeline ROW.                                                                      2
_                                                          _               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~m
4.  Aquatic Biology                 Construction -  Habitate blisturbance increase turbity and        - The same measure as those for water quality.
suspended solid in water column.
Operation   -  Gas leakage from the pipeline may affect
aquatic life.
5.  Soils                           Construction  -  Soil erosion will be very high rate in WSC          In high slope area the planning must be careful done to avoid soil erosion.
1A and 1 B if the pipe laying procedure is       * In the preparing the land for pipe laying, only big trees are out and must be
done without carefully plan.                        done in dry season to avoid soil erosion.
>
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                   m
-u
91                                                                                                                                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
(31



m
5                                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TABLE   6.1-1   (Cont'd)>
0
w
.X                                                                                                                                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>
X   ~ ~ ~~nvrnetlComponent                          Pha8se                      Cause of Impact                                                      Mitigation Measure 
Z
Cj
:>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
5.  Soils ICont'd)                    Construction                                                            After laying the pipe revegetative program by growing legumes covers on                         >
grass covers must be done immediately.                                                          m
m
On high slope area, berms or embankment should be done to diverl surface                       mz
-U
water. 
20
m
Operation   -  The erosion will cause surface soil because         - To check the condition of plant covers and regrowth the covers if they are
gully or in the worst cse mass movement               dead or not grow well.
may occur especially in slope is more than
35% in WSC 1 area.
6.  Forestry                          Construction  -  Loss the forest area.                             -   During the forest clearing within pipeline ROW, trees have to be forced to
Forest ecology wilt be change.                        fall towards the centerline of the pipeline to minimize the disturbance on thle
other plant near the RFOW boundary.
-   Logging of the trees should be carefully managed.
Z
m                                                                                                                                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~m
a)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0
-4



<                                                                                         TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd)
0
z
_                 Environmental Component             Phase                      Cause of Impact                                                 Mitigation Measure
6.  Forestry (Contd)                 Operation   -  Forest ecology will be change.                 -   PTT has to provide budget for reforestation accoding to RFD's regulation.                Cf
The reforestation area will be at least 852 rais.
z
-   The selected area should be within the national park some with deteriorated              m
forest. Only local tree species will be planted in the area.                            2
-   After the pipe laying activities, the pipeline ROW must be left to be covered
with natural vegetation and weeds to reduce the direct sunlight which may
have some impacts on seedlings and shaded species.
-   PTr should support the educaticnal program for local communities around
the national park namely; Ban I-Tong, Ban Rai Pu and Ban.Huai Pak Kok to
make these people realize should include participants at all levels from pupil
teenagers and general public. The program should be set up annually until
the pipelaying activities are completed.
:t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'
z
m                                                                                                                                                                                                               m'
91                                                                                                                                                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
rn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-



z
<       |                                                                              TABLE  6.1-1   (Cont'd)
n0
2
_x               Environmental Component            Phase                     Cause of Impact                                               Mitigation Measure                                             z
>
C)
7.  Wildlife                      Construction    The impact will be on 3 wildlife group        1.  Mitigation measures - workers                                                           C"
1)  Adaptable species                                the responsibled agency, together with the regional RFD ollicers, must              m
I-
21  Advantageous species                             cooperate and issue strict rules to ban all types of hunting in the project         m
3)  Disadvantageous species                          area, with strong punishments for the violators;                                    0
m
-  no pet animals is allowed to take into the national park areas as well as           r,
the project area; in order to avoid their spreading of some contagious
diseases to the wild animals;
- night travelling should be kept to the minimum; not to disturb tIre
natural feeding habits of most wild animals;
- camp sites of the workers should be out of the lorest aiea and away
from the forest streams, for the wild animals can freely come to drink
2.  Mitigation measures - construction practices
* keep all the construction noises to the minimum and only necessary
machineries used:
-  avoid working at night, so the wild animals will not be dislurbed when
n                                                                                                                      foragging throughout the nightt;m
m                                                                                                                                                                                                          mv
0
o                                                         _                                                                                                                                                o
co                                                                                                                                                                                  .___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.__ _ _ _ _ _ _



TABLE  6.1-1  (Cont'd)                                                                                             >
'n
z
Environmental Component           Phase                     Cause of Impact                                               Mitigation Measure                                            z
7.  Wildlife iCont'dl             Construction                                                      -  engineers should be consulted to obtain the narrowest possible cleared             >
strip when passing through dense forest stands; the closer the forest              ;
m
canopy, the easier the passages of arboreal animals;                               m
m
-  if possible, the laying down of the pipes at the sites near or parallel
0
to the streams should be done in the dry season, in order to avoid
unnecessary fouling of the streams.
3.  Mitigation measures - additionals
- The Petroleum Authority of Thailand should support the .regional forest
offices by providing the forest protection unit.
- PTT should sponser the seminars on wildlife conservation to the populace
in surrounding villages, such as the Ban E-tong, Ban Rai Pa, Ban Huai Pak
Khok, etc.
Operation   -  The small mammals will have some             -   To keep the cleared strip covered with natural low vegetations by
difficulties to pass the available access        successions, where the small mammals can hide themselves successfully
roads and paths used for carrying                when moving about across the strip,                                         .         >
>                                                                equipments and machineries                   -   All access road should be properly paved and used for hunting controls,               I-
G)                                           .                                                                                                                                                           Dm
m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



m
z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
TABLE   6.1-1   (Cont'd)>
S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>
z
>
Environmenital Component              Phase                       Cause of Impact                                                     Mitigation Measure                                                    z
-4
c
G)
8.  Land Use                          Construction     26 houses have to be evacuated in 40              - Minmize the torest are to be disturbed and cleared by the projec:
meters strip.                                     - Minimnize tree cutting along the ROW.                                                             mI-
>
-The trees within ROW will be cutted.              - Adjust the route ( if possible) to avoid community.                                                m
-o
0
Z
m
Operation   -The distance that has elffects to land use           -   Maintain the pipeline ROW  from third party violationo
is very narrow and underground so the
impact to land use is to be tow.
9.  Transportation                    Construction  -Interlace the traffic flow                            -Transport coated pipe from the part to construction site duting oIl peak houir.
-Increase the traffic volume from                       Minimize the liming for bore crossing under the major highway e q,
construction activities                               HW 4,323,3087,3209, 3272 and 3274 and railroad
-Provide proper frontage and access during the crossing construct on
-Map out the transportation route for equipment and coated pipe lo minimnize
traffic.
>
(7)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Mm
r0
m
0                                                                                                                                                                      -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



TABLE  6.1-1  (Cont'd)                                                                                             >
0
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~z
Environmental Component           Phase                     Cause of Impact                                               Mitigation Measure
z
C)
9.  Transportation IConitd)        Construction                                                     Inform local residens about the construction activities/schedules should be           rr
-u
support to minimize traffic congestions.                                              C
z
- Co-ordinate with local authorities, e.g., potic community leaders and highway          m
department, about the construction schedule and this information can be               0
transfered to local communities.
- The railroad should be also considered.
Operation     The pipeline will be underground along the road    - Put information on pipeline route in the road maps and/or topographic maps.
so the impact is considered insignificant.    - Inform the concerned authorities. e.g., Department of Highway, Depart.
of Rural Development. etc., about new pipeline route.
10. Compensation                  Construction -  26 house on 130 people must be evacuated.      - Set up public relation progrm to infgrm affected residents about the project.
- Compensation price should be fair and reflected the market price.
- Compensation process should be speeded up to lessen the impact on
affected communities.
-a                                                                                                                                                                                                       C
-J                                                                                                                                                                                                       -4



TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd)
0
z
Environmental Component            Phase                     Cause of Impact                                                 Mitigation Measure                                               z
_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-4
C
10. Compensation ICont'd}           Operation                                                         Follow up and assist the affected families along the pipeline routa on their
basic needs.                                                                             m
z
m
-v
-0
11. Socio-Economic                 Construction  1. Positive Impact                               -   The project should release and distibute inlormation about the project to                rn
Stimulating economic growth and activities   local people and other interested parties.
in forms of in crease local employment,   -   The coordinate and co-operation with concerned organizations to jointly draft
more job opportunity and boosting local       workplan the can be reatisticly implement with continuity and in-t me.
trade, contraction lodging and food selling.
Higher land price especially around EGAT
power plant.
Stimulating the interest of government
officials to develop the project's area.
Health care in the area will be improved
both by the government and PTT fficials.
W                                                                                                                                       .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T
m                                                                                                                                                                                                              m
0
rn~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-



TABLE 6.1-1 (Cont'd)
8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Environmental Component              Phase                       Cause of Impact                                                   Mitigation Measure
C
11. Socio-Economic ICont'd)          Construction     -   In educational sphere, the project
construction activities can be used as a                                                                                                     ii
case of study for students in the lields of
environment and technological studies to                                                                                                     c
improve their knowledge and experience.
2. Negative Impact
-   Psychological aftect can be dtected in
form of worriness about safety measure.
.   Increase dust and noise during
construction.
Operation   1. Positive Impact                                  -   PTT officials have to observe the safety rules or regulation strictly at the
*   Economic gain irom having additional             same time trying to convince local people about their effectiveness with
electric powers.                                clear and understandable information until the majority people feel that the
-   Better communication facilities.                 projects safety measures are realty effective and can be trusted.
rT
m                                                                                                                                                                 :1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
-.                                                                                                                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C



zM
TABLE  6.1-1 (Cont'd)                                                                                                   >
0
T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T
Environmental Component             Phase                      Cause of Impact                                                 Mitigation Measure                                               Z
r                                                                                                                                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z
-4
c
11. Socio-Econornic (Contdl          Operation   2. Negative Impact                                                                                                                                >
The land price around the gas pipeline    -   PTT should participate significantly in local community development in form                 >
U)
'a
area which will be considerably lower.         of technical and / or financial support in the fields of health and education             m
m
The psychological affect will be strong if     and communication facilities which many villages.            .                             Z
m
there is no proper public valuations                                                                                   .
program to reduce local people's worriness                                                                                               r
about safety measure of the project.
12. Public Health                   Construction -  Health problem and accidents                   -   Provide first aid unit at the construction site and camp
Living condition in construction camps         -   Establish appropriate working condition at construction areas
-   Provision of proper health and environmental sanitation improvement in
workers communities.
-   Provide adequate safety devices and set stringent regulations.
-   Train personnel on usage of safety equipment.
-   Spray water on uncovered ground to reduce dust.
-n
-   Provide the traffic sign showing the construction area.                                    z
p
.     -   Install the warning signal in the dangerous area or during the night lime.                  r
.             _                                                                    .-m
t~~~~
________ _____  _______________________  ______________________________________ 
-4



rr
TABLE  6.1-1  (Cont'd)                                                                                         >
c
z
Environmental Component          Phase                    Cause of Impact                                             Mitigation Measure
2
C)
12. Public Hlealth IContid)       Operation  -  Public health and occupational health problems.  -   Conduct comprehensive training programs, with special attention to pollution   en
-u
control, safety and fire preventicn.                                               m
z
Hazardous events from gas leakage.         -   Keep records of accidents.                                                          m
Keep equipment in good working condition.                                             0
C1-
- Set stringent safety regulation.
Maintain pipeline and associated facilities regularly.
Establish proper contingency plans for emergencies.
.   Post warning sign along pipeline route.
Follows ASME code for piping.
Provide the measures for protection of gas leakage in this following:
-   Provide simultaneous pipeline monitoring program to observe the conditions
on and adjacent to ihe pipeline right-of-way for determine the leakage point,
construction activity other than that performed by the company and any
factors affecting the safety and operation of the pipeline.
.   Records of above inspections shall be maintained for the life of facilities.       z
X
0)                                                                                                                                                                                                 -
01                                                                                                                                               -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



TABLE  6.1-1  (Cont'd)                                                                                               >
n0
f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Environmental Component            Phase                    Cause of Impact                                                Mitigation Measure                                             z
12. Public Health (Cont'd)          Operation                                                       Provision of bunkering or blast walls around block values.
-   Firewalls/fire-proffing of structures.                                                 m
z
-   Provision of escape routes for employees.                                              m
-   Provision of safety and emergency training for employees.                               0
-   Implementation of emergency procedures on and off-site.
-   Provision of public alert systems and education of public.
-   Planning and training for evacuation.
-   Provision of safety buffer-zones around the block value boundafy.
13. Archaeological/Historical Value            -  No impact on the existing archaeological
and historical value
14. Aesthetic/rourism                          -  No impact on the existing aesthetic and
tourism.
m 
-
0



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
6.2.2    Hydrology
6.2.2.1   Construction Period
-  The construction activities between KPO-KP30 must be done during the dry
season.
-   Plant Yar Fag (Vertiveria sp.) and Legumes along the pipeline ROW as soon
as the pipe is buried to reduce erosion.
-   Both sides of the trench should have the slope of less than 60% to prevent
erosion.
-   Stabilize stream beds to the same condition to prevent stream scouring.
-   Set up strip cropping along the slope where suitable to reduce erosion.
-   Clean up the stream  banks to original condition to reduce erosion into
waterways.
6.2.2.2   Operation Period
-   Regularly check the stability of slope along the pipeline especially along KPO-
KP30.
-   Maintain strip cropping and covering vegetation along the pipeline route in
good condition at all time.
6.2.3    Water Quality / Aquatic Ecology
6.2.3.1   Construction Period
-   Do not grade the entire right-of-way in the proximity of the waterway, grade
only near the ROW enough for the working area.
-   Concentrate the major pipe-laying activities, e.g., grading, clearing, open cut
crossing, etc. must be between November to May.
ENVI00497 126ICHAP-6.OC                                                PAGE 6-17



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PiPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
-   Stop trenching activities short of water course bank to prevent silt-laden
water to enter the water course. The recommended minimum plug width is
3 m.
-   Leave the undisturbed vegetative area about 10 m from the water course
until the crossing is imminent.
-   Do not wash equipment or machinery in waterways.
-   Inspect machinery and equipment used for construction to prevent any oil
leakage.
-   Restore the stream bed and restore the banks to their original conditions
after pipe-laying activities.
-   Plant native vegetations at the disturbed river banks to speed up the
recovering period.
-   Apply proper erosion and sediment control at all waterways.
-   Store backfill material at least 10 m from the river course.
-   Grade away from the river course to reduce the silt entering into waterways.
6.2.3.2 Operation Period
- Continuously monitor the pipeline operation (e.g. gas pressure, flow, volume,
etc) via SCADA.
-   Periodically monitor along pipeline route to detect any prohibited activities
within pipeline ROW.
6.2.4    Soils
6.2.4.1   Construction Period
Careful planning must be done to avoid soil erosion. In high slope area, the land
should be clear only when the pipe is ready to be lard. In preparing the land for pipe-laying,
only big trees are out. When the time of laying the pipe comes, all small tree, shrubs or
ENV10049712ICAP-8.DOC                                                     PAGE 6-18



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            'INAL REPORT
grass will be clear. The laying procedure should be concentrated in dry season to avoid soil
erosion. After iaying the pipe revegelative program by groWing legu-inous or grass covers
must be done immediately. On high slope area, berms or embankment should be done to
divert run off water.
6.2.4.2   Operation Period
Maintain the condition of plant covers and regrowth the covers if they are dead
or not grow well.
6.2.5    Forestry
6.2.5.1   Construction Period
The foreseen impact during the nature gas pipeline construction period will be
directly from forest clearina which cannot be avoided. However, the magnitude of impact
can be alleviated as follows:
-   During the forest clearing within pipeline ROW, trees have to be forced to
fall toward,s the centerline of the pipeline to minimize the disturbance on the
other plant near the ROW boundary.
-   Logging of the trees logs should be managed carefully.
-   Prohibit construction workers and staff from cutting trees in natural forest
for construction. Strong enforcement has to be practised.
-   The construction supervisors and workers need to watch for any illegal
logging in the area and inform the local authority as soon as possible.
-   PTT has provided the budget for reforestation according to RFD's regulation.
The reforestation area will be at least 852 rais.
-   PTT should support the educational program for local communities around I
along the project site namely; Ban I-Tong, Ban Rai Pa, Ban Huai Pak Khok
and etc. to make these people realize of the forest resource value and
ENV1004/97125/CHAP-SDOC                                                 PAGE 6-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
should include participant at all levels from pupils, teenagers and general
public. The program should be set up annually until the pipelaying activities
are completed.
PTT has to provide budget for setting forest protected and forest fire control
unit.
6.2.5.2 Operation Period
-   Monitoring the trees growth  within  reforestation  area will be done
continuously.
-   After the pipe-laying activities, the pipeline ROW must be left to be covered
with natural vegetation and weeds to reduce the direct sunlight which may
have some impacts on seedlings and shaded species.
6.2.6    Wildlife
6.2.6.1   Construction Period
(1) Mitigation measures - workers
-   the responsibled agency, together with the regional RFD offices, must
cooperate and issue strict rules to ban all types of hunting in the project
area, with strong punishments for the violators;
-   no pet animals is allowed to take into the national park areas as well as
the project area; in order to avoid their spreading of some contagious
diseases to the wild animals;
-   night travelling should be kept to the minimum; not to disturb the
natural feeding habits of most wild animals;
%.&  Mtgation measures - construction practices
-   keep all the construction noises to the minimum and only necessary
machineries used;
ENV100d?126ICHAP4.OOC                                                     PAGE 6-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJEcT                             FINAL REPORT
-   avoid working at night, so the wild animals will not be disturbed when
foraging throughout the night;
-   engineers should be consulted to obtain the narrowest possible cleared
strip when passing through dense forest stands; the closer the forest
canopy, the easier the passages of arboreal animals;
-   if possible, the laying down of the pipes at the sites near or parallel to
the streams should be done in the dry season, in order to avoid
unnecessary fouling of the streams.
(3) Mitigation measures - additionals
-   The Petroleum Authority of Thailand should support the regional forest
offices by providing forest protection unit.
-   PTT should sponser the seminars on wildlife conservation to the
populace in surrounding villages, such as the Ban 1-tong, Ban Rai Pa,
Ban Huai Pak Khok, etc.
6.2.6.2   Post-construction Period
The mitigation measure practised in this phase is to keep the cleared strip
covered with natural low vegetations by successions, where the small mammals can hide
themselves successfully when moving about across the strip.
Also all access road should be properly paved and used for hunting controls.
6.2.7    Land Use
6.2.7.1   Construction Period
-   Minimize the forest area to be disturbed and cleared by the project.
-   Minimize tree cutting along the ROW.
-   Adjust the route. (if possible) to avoid community.
ENV1O04197125/CHAP-6.DOC                                                  PAGE 6-21



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
6.2.7.2   Operation Period
-   Maintain the pipeline ROW from third party violation.
6.2.8    Transportation
6.2.8.1   Construction Period
-  Transport coated pipe from the pipe yard to construction site during non-
rush hours.
-   Minimize the timing for bore crossing under the major highway e.g., HW.
No.4A 323, 3272, 3209, 3274, 3085, 3087 and railroad.
-   Provide proper frontage and access roads during the crossing construction.
-   Map out the transportation route for equipment and coated pipe to minimize
traffic.
-   Inform local residents about the construction activities/schedules to minimize
traffic congestions.
-   Co-ordinate with local authorities, e.g., police, community leaders and
highway department, about the construction schedule and transfer
information to local communities.
-   The railroad should be also considered as mean of transport pipe from Lam
Chabang Port to the project site.
6.2.8.2 Operation Period
-   Add information on pipeline route in the road maps and topographic maps.
-   Inform the concerned authorities, e.g., Dept. of Highway, Dept. of Rural
Development, etc., about new pipeline route.
ENVtO04B712SICHAP4.DOC                                                 PAGE 6-22



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
6.2.9    Compensation
6.2.9.1   Construction Period
-   Set up public relation program to inform affected residents about the project.
-   Compensation price should be fair and reflected the market price.
-   Compensation process should be speeded up to lessen the impact on
affected communities.
6.2.9.2   Operation Period
-   Follow up and assist the affected families along the pipeline route on their
basic needs.
6.2.10   Socio-Economic
6.2.10.1  Construction Period
As reported earlier, during the construction period some negative impacts will
occur; this includes psychological affect, from worrying about the project's safety measures,
inconvenient communication and environmental affects such as increasing dust, noise,
forest destruction and so on. All of these need to be remedied to minimize the effects as
best as possible. The important mitigation measures are proposed below:
-   The project should release and distribute information about the project to
local people and other interested parties sufficiently; information to
distributed is about the nature of the project, safety measures and devices,
schedule of the construction system, traffic lines and regulation during the
construction period with intension to reduce local inconvenience as much as
possible. For example, conducting heavy construction during daytime, water
spraying to reduce dust, replanting trees etc. The information distributed
should be precise, clear and easy to comprehend. In addition, some
ENV1004S 712S/CHAP.6.DOC                                               PAGE 6-23



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                               FINAL REPORT
misunder-standing or wrong idea about the project's nature, e.g., afraid of
gas dissolved into the soil, polluting the ground water for drinking and
household use, has to be corrected to reduce unnecessary fear of the local
people.
The coordination and co-operation with concerned organizations, e.g., local
government body, private sector and others to jointly draft workplan that can
be realisticly implemented with continuity and in-time. A coordination center
should be established to facilitate working condition and stimulate local
participation or at least not to obstruct the project's work. Local government
officials and PTT should work together for the monitoring of the work
progress and solve problems which may be arisen from various.
6.2.10.2  Operation Period
The dominant negative question for operation period is about the safety
measures in relation to gas pipe line and gas delivery which many villagers are still worried
about their effectiveness. The main remedy in this case is, therefore, to create confidence
among local people in the project's safety measures. This means that PTT officials have to
observe the safety rules or regulations strictly, at the same, time trying to convince local
people about their effectiveness with clear and understandable information until the majority
people feel that the project's safety measures are really effective and can be trusted.
In addition, to boost PTT image among local communities and organization, PTr
should participate significantly in local community development in forms of technical and/or
financial supports in the fields of heafth and education and communication facilities which
many village expect PTT will develop for them. The employment of local workers to be a
part of PTT's work force will also help create positive attitude toward the project directly.
ENVOO4"97125/CHAP-.6.0C                                                    PAGE 6-24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
6.2.11   Public Health
6.2.11.1 Construction Period
- Provide first aid unit at the construction site's and camps.
-   Establish appropriate working condition at construction areas.
-   Provision of proper health and environmental sanitation improvement in
worker's communities.
-   Provide adequate safety devices and set stringent regulations.
-   Train personnel on usage of safety equipment.
-   Maintain the equipments in good conditions include taking  care  of
equipments utilization
-   Spray water on uncovered ground to reduce dust.
-   Provide the traffic sign indicating the construction areas.
-   instai! the warninn signal in the dangerous area or during the night time.
6.2.11.2 Operation Period
-   Conduct comprehensive  training  programs, with  special attention  to
pollution, with special attention to pollution control, safety and fire
prevention.
-   Keep records of accidents.
-   Keep equipment in good working condition.
-   Set stringent safety regulation.
-   Maintain pipeline and associated facilities regularly.
-   Establish proper contingency plans for emergencies.
-   Post warning sign along pipeline route.
-   Follow ASME code for piping.
-   Provide the measures for protection of gas leakage.
ENVI/04g9712W/CHAP4.DOC                                                   PAGE 6-25



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                         FINAL REPORT
-   Provide simultaneous pipeline monitoring program to observe the conditions
on and adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way for determine the leakage point,
construction activity other than that performed by the company and any
factors affecting the safety and operation of the pipeline.
-   Records of above inspections shall be maintained for the life of facilities.
-   Provision of escape routes for employees at each block value.
-   Provision of safety and emergency training for employees.
-   Implementation of emergency procedures on and off-site.
-   Provision of public alert systems and education of public.
-   Planning and training for evacuation.
-   Provision of 20 m safety buffer-zones around the block value.
-   PTT carries insurance in not more than 30 million US$ per one accident to
cover compensation for damaged properties and loss of life resulting from
the operation of pipeline.
6.3      ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
The Safety and Environment Subdivision of the Gas Pipeline Operation
Department is directly responsible to coordinate the environmental managements and plan
for the Gas Pipeline Project which have been established by the Safety and Environment
Standard Division which is directly under the Deputy Govemor for the Natural Gas
Operation. The managements and operations of this Department will be reported and
instructed by the PTT Safety Administration Committee.
6.3.1    PiT Safety Policy
PTT's policies on safety can be summarized as follows:
(1) PTT realizes its responsibility on the improvement and maintenance of good
working conditions, working environments and working approaches with respect to both
internal and international standards.
ENV1004A7125iCHAP.6.DOC                                              PAGE 6-26



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
(2) PTT will devote the time and resources in the personnel training towards
ll iRllyll  alu  1ill1lU-ll Z Il 3V1li~.
(3) Safety is the responsibility of all personnel and is deemed as a part of the
job. Managements at the department and division levels are required to include their safety
programs in annual planning as the first priority.
(4) It is the responsibility of all management group and personnel of all levels to
inform all accidents occurred (Emergency Plan are shown in Appendix 1).
6.3.2    Operating and Maintenance on Safety of Gas Transmission Facilities
The PTT Natural Gas Parallel Pipeline System has been designed according to
the ASME Code for piping. An American National Standard is shown in Appendix J. The
operating and maintenance for gas facilities during operation period will strictly follow the
above operation manual.
The recommended practices to alleviate impWt. on sfety d'ring construction
period are as follows:
-   Provide first aid unit at the construction. site.
-   Establish appropriate working conditions at construction site including good
light ventilation systems, proper maintain vehicles/equipments.
-   Set stringent safety regulations construction workers to be aware of the
regulation measures by training or provision of the information/education.
-   Provide appropriate safety equipment including hard hats, safety glasses, ear
plugs or muffs, gloves, and safety boots for concerned construction
workers.
-   Train personnel on use of safety equipment and safety procedures, annually.
-   Keep regular records of accidents, causes and damages to prepare monthly
reports on the concerned matter.
-   Keep equipments, machineries and vehicles operational conditions to reduce
accident.
ENV10047125/CHAP-6.DOC                                                   PAGE 6-27



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                             FINAL REPORT
-   Post the warning sign along the pipeline route with clear instruction for any
prohibited activities.
-   Proper training of pipeline operators on standard operating procedures and
emergency procedures.
-   Maintain pipeline and associated facilities on annual basis.
-   Establish proper contingency plans for emergencies including provisions for
notification of public.
-   Strictly follow ASME Code for pipeline operation and maintenance (Appendix
J).
6.3.3    Environmental and Safety Training
PTT continuously conduct the environmental and safety training programs for the
pipeline system personnels as follow:
(1) Introductory Course (include Loss Control) : 7 times a year.
(2) Loss Control : twice a year or as required by the organization.
(3) Special Skill : 3 times a year.
(4) Safety : twice a year.
(5) Fire Fighting Training: once a month.
(6) Hazardous Chemicals: 5 times a year.
6.3.4    Recommendations
The PTr Safety and Environmental sub-division of the Gas Pipeline Operation
Department will be the responsible unit for implementation the proposed monitoring
program. The environmental monitoring program will include terrestrial ecology, water/
aquatic biology samples during construction and operation phases. In addition, the
monitoring of land use changes, socio-economic impacts, occupational health/safety,
transportation / navigation and solid waste generations have to be conducted periodically as
details stated in Chapter VII. During both construction and operation period of the pipeline,
ENV100"712BCHAP4.DOC                                                     PAGE 6-28



rlrs.vr~ i'I n'fliw5 i.r.Sz sJIinc.~s~o IrErcuLS  rlIvJJcI..*              FINAL REPORT
PTT will assigned the trained pipeline system and environmental personnel to monitor and
maintain the suitable safety and environmental condition. Furthermore, the desinnated
personnel will be trained in environmental management, safety, fire control, loss control and
hazardous chemical management periodically to enhance their abilities to improve and
maintain the proper environments, working conditions according to internal and international
standards.
ENV1004f97125/CHAP-6.DOC                                                     PAGE 6-29



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
CHAPTER 7
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS
7.1      OBJECTIVE
Environmental monitoring programs are essential tools to follow up actual
environmental impacts induced by the natural gas pipeline project during on both
construction and operation phases. This program will disclose the actual forms and
magnitude of impacts on the concerned environmental resources with can be benefit in the
modification couple with approved mitigation measures and the action plan of principle
environmental mitigation measure and environmental development as shown in Appendix K
if necessary.
The summary of the environmental monitoring programs is presented in Table
7.1-1 and the details of its are as follows;
7.2      GEOLOGY / SEISMOLOGY
7.2.1    Construction Period I Operation Period
-   Parameter:            -  Install seismological instrument at Ban I-Tong
Tlie in Point to monitor local earthquake events.
- Regularly conduct the maintenance program to
keep pipeline in good operational stage.
- Set up special patrol group to survey along the
pipeline route / Use Geometry Pipeline Internal
Gage (Geopig) to measure deformations along
the pipeline route.
-   Station:              Along the natural gas pipeline, Ban I-Tong
-   Responsible Agencies:  PTT
-   Estimate Expense:     Included the project cost.
ENV1004197125/CHAP.7.DOC                                                 PAGE 7-1



f                                                                                                      TABLE 7.1-1                                                                                                        >
S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                                        >
z
!                                                                                                                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>
z
Environmental Component I                  Phase               Monitoring Station                     Monitoring Period           Responsible                Cost                            c
Parameter                                                                                                                  Agency                                                  >-
m
1.  Geology I Seismology                         Constructiorn                                                                                                                                        r
m
-  Install seismological instrument            Operation   -  Ban I Tong                              Troughout the operation phase         PTT          IncludeJ the project cost               D
0
-  Patrol along the pipeline route                           Along the pipeline route             -  Troughout the operation phase          PTT                                                   ;
lJse GEOPIG to measure deformations
along the pipeline route
2.  Water Quality / Aquatic Biology               Construction  100 i% upstream and downstream of:     -  1 month before crossing activity                        600,000 Baht
-  Depth                                        Period    -  Kwae No! river at Ban Dao Wa Dung       at each waterways
-   'emperature               .                               Kwae Noi river at Ban Pu Ong Ka     -  During Crossing Period at
pH                                                        Lam Pha Shi at Ban Tha Phu              each waterways
Conductivity                                           -  Mae Klong river at Wat Tha Klong     -  1 month after crossing activity
.  Dissolved Oxygen                                                                                   at each waterways
Suspended Solids
-  Oil and Grease
-  Planktonic samples                                                                                                                                                                             >
m7)                     -  Benthic samples                                                                                                                                                                                m
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                         D
r



z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
TABLE  7.1-1  (Cont'd)                                                                                               >
0
a.~~~~~~ ' 
>
z
Environmental Component /                 Phase               Monitoring Station                   Monitoring Period            Responsible              Cost                         >
z
Parameter                                                                                                               Agency                                               >
3.  Forestry                                                                                                                                               . 
-  Monitor logging activities PTT has to     Construction -  Along the pipeline route in t:he forest  -  Daily                        PTT, RFD,              1.64 MB                       m
coordinate with RFD, FIO to control the     Period       area.                                                                        FIO                            .
tree cutting, check the direction of tree
(ailling to be toward the centerline of the
pipeline, control the trees haulage within
wood hauling way.
-  Reforestation along the natural gas      Construction    Reforestation area along the natural    -  Annually for 6 years.             PTT                66.07 MB
pipeline route of 10,000 rais.               and         gas pipeline and the natural forest
-  Restored natural forest resource along    Operation      resource to be resotred area.                                                                    45 MB
the gas pipeline route of 30,000 rais.      period
4. Wildlife
-  Surveyed the wildlife key-species        Construction -  Along the pipeline route in the        3 times/year.                         PTT                 1.5 MB
Period       forest area (KP0-KP50).
-  Surveyed the wildlife species diversity   Operation  -  Along the pipeline route in the      -  Twice a year in the wet and           PTT                 1.0 Baht                      n
and their habitat                           Period       forest area (KPO-KPSO.                the dry season for 5 years.
C)
err                                                                                                                                                                                                                m
a
-4                                                                                                                                                            -u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _   _ _ _ _ _ _ _   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  



m 
z                                                                                                             7
TABLE 7.1-1 (Cont'd)                                                                                                       rn
O
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
11
Environmental Component J                   Phase               Monitoring Station                     Monitoring Period             Responsible                Cost                           Z
Parameter                                                                                                                    Agency                                                  >
n
cn
5.  Soil and Land rJse
Observed the tree cutting activity,         Operation      Along the pipeline route              -  Monthly                                PTT            Included Project cost                 Z
m
the revegetative, soil erosion and slope      Period                 ..
0
stability along the pipeline route                                                                                                                                                              rn
- Silte investigation to observed the slope
stability and the floodway
*  Observed the revegatatve                                                                    *
6. Compensation
*  Monitoring the problem of compensation     Construction -  The villages along the pipeline route    -  Throughout the compensation         PTT                    NAC
process                                       Period                                                process
-  Interviewing the effected people about      Operation      The effected people                   -  Once a year due to the socio-           PTT              Including in the
their standard of living                      Period                                                economic monitoring program                             socio-economic
monitoring ptogram
>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
C)                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m
m
0
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TABLE  7.11   (Cont'd)                                                                                                 r
C
Environmental Component /                  Phase               Monitoring Station                    Monitoring Period            Responsible               Cost                          2
Parameter                                                                                                                 Agency
_    ~~~~~~C,
7.  Socio-economic                                                                                                                                                       .
-  Public relation work for local people     Construction/ -  Nearby communities                  -  3 times in the first year             PTT                  10 MgB 
rr
and organization such as attitude survey,  Operaion                                            -  2 times in the second year
C
public participation                         Period                                               Once a year during the first                                                            fr
5 years of operation
a   Public Health and Occupational Safety
-  Workers' health examination records       Construction -  Construction area                       Annual                             Contractor       Included project cost
Phase
-  Workers' illnesses and accidents          Construction -  Construction area                    -  Monthty                            Contractor       Included project cost
Phase
-  PTT's stalf illnesses and accidents        Operation      Project location                    -  Monthly                                PTT           Included project cost
Phase
-  Public health records of the local         Operation   -  Project vicinity                        Twice a year                          PTT           Included project cost
residents                                    Phase
r
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                       -r'
-J                                                                                                                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                               FINAL REPORT
7.3      WATER QUALITY / AQUATIC BIOLOGY
-   Parameters:            -  Depth
- Temperature
-  pH
- Conductivity
- Dissolved Oxygen
- Suspended Solids
- Oil and grease
- Planktonic samples
- Benthic samples
-   Stations:             -  100 m. upstream  and  downstream  in the
following waterways: (Figure 3.3-1)
*  Kwae Noi river at Ban Kaeng Ra Boet
* Kwae Noi river at Ban Pu Ong Ka
*  Lam Pha Shi at Ban Tha Phu
* Mae Klong river at Wat Tha Klong
-   Period:                   Pre-crossing period (1 month before crossing
activity)
- During-crossing period
- Post-crossing period (1 month after crossing
activity)
-   Estimated Expenses:   600,000 Baht
ENV10409?U5/tl4AP.7.WOC                                                     PAGE 7-6



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
7.4      FORESTRY
7-4.1    Construction Period
-   Parameter:           -  PTT has to cooperate with RFD, FIO, NGO and
local military base -to check / select the cutting
trees which are the necessarity along the
pipeline route.
-  Control the tree cutting to be within gas
pipeline ROW and check the direction of the
feeling to be towards the center of the pipeline.
- Control the log hauling to be within the wood
hauling way along ROW only.
- Set up temporary log check point to protect
logging illegal.
(Appendix K section 5)
-   Station:             -  The section of the pipeline will be passed
through the forest area (KPO-KP50).
-  The temporary log checkpoints should be set at
Ban I-Pu and Ban Rai Pa.
-   Responsible Agencies: -  PTT, RFD, FIO and NGO.
-   Estimate Expense:    -  16.4 MS.
7.4.2    Operation Period
-   Parameter:           -  PTT has to cooperate with NGO and RFD to
monitor the reforestation survival rate and
efficiency of the plan of 10,000 rais forest
plantation along the pipeline (Appendix K
section 3). In case of any indication for low
ENV1OO49712S/CHAP-7.DOC                                                  PAGE 7-7



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
survival rate or any problems, the corrective
measures have to be implemented immediately.
-  PTT  has  to  cooperate  with  the  related
governMental agencies to set up committee to
survey the people who are effectiveness and
attitudes towards natural resource conservation.
-   Station:              -  Reforestation area
-  Temporary log checkpoint
-   Responsible Agencies:  PTT, RFD and NGO
-   Estimate Expenses:    111.07 M$
7.5      WILDLIFE
7.5.1    Construction Period
-   Parameter:            The key species of wildlife.animals as:
- Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus)
- Bats (Insectivore bats and fruit-eating bat)
- Birds (Horn bill and Limestone wren-Babbler)
- Reptiles and Amphibians (Burmese brown
tortoies, Malayan giant toad)
- Invertebrate animals (Some protected insects,
Rachinee crab)
should be surveyed intensively along the gas
pipeline between KPO to KP50 (Appendix K section
4).
-   Station:              KPO-KP50
-   Period:               3 times/year with 30 days/time (April, 1997 to
March, 1998)
ENVOO4g7125XICHAP-7.DOC                                                   PAGE 7-8



EIA OF YADANA NAIURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
- Responsible Agencies: PTT, RFD and NGO
-   Estimate Expenses:    1.5 ,NA
7.5.2    Operation Period
-   Parameter:            Wildlife species and population surveys in order to
keep watching on changing tendencies (Appendix K
section 4)
-   Station:              KPO-KP50
-   Period:               6 year with 2 times/year (Wet and Dry season)
-   Responsible Agencies:  PTT, RFD and NGO
-   Estimate Expenses:    1.0 Ms
-7.6     SOIL
7.6.1    Construction Period
The pipe laying procedure such as land preparation, cutting trees and
revegetative program must be monitor to check the effective measures are implemented.
Soil erosion along the pipeline route will be observed during the construction
activities (See Appendix K section 8).
7.6.2    Operation Period
After completion of construction and during pipeline operations, the right of way
conditions will be monitored continuously to check the effective of all erosion control
measures implemented. Site investigations are also conducted to monitor slope movement
and the floodway to ensure the safety and integrity of the pipeline.
ENV1DD4"97725/CHAP-7.D0C                                                 PAGE 7-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                           FINAL REPORT
7.7      LAND USE
7.7.1    Construction Period
Duiiny the UUI1sLructiUn peijod, ii is necessary io investigate and monitor ihe
forest to prevent trees from unnecessary cut.
7.7.2    Operation Period
Monitoring the new tree planted by the project every year and replant if some
trees die.
7.8      COMPENSATION
7.8.1    Construction Period
Monitoring the problem during the process of compensation in being done.
Problems should be solved immediately.
7.8.2    Operation Period
The effected people will be interviewed in the first two years to find out their
standard of living. If they have some problems find the way to help them.
7.9      SOCIO-ECONOMIC
7.9.1    Construction and Operation Periods
The Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) will emphasize the project's public
relation, under the good. intention policy. According to succession of project, the
environmental impact will be minimized and the project responsible agencies will have to
promote its image with clear and understandable to the public. The objectives of public
relation are categorized by these target groups, as follow:
ENV1004J97125/CHAP-7.DOC                                               PAGE 7-10



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                               FINAL REPORT
(1) For PTT's staffs, the consultants and the contractors; they have to
understand project's destination, especially in pari o0 environmental impacts. Due to those
staffs will undertake on their duty and be serious to environmental impacts, thus they will
be strict to carry out their work plan. Anyhow, these will create the confidence of
environmental responsibility of the other PTT's projects in the future.
(2) For the govemment agencies both of local and metropolitan; these groups
must understand the project's background, the construction plan, the safety measures and
the environmental mitigation measures, etc. These agencies should smoothly co-operate
follow up by jointly project's work plan and can explain about the project information to the
local people correctly.
(3) For the local leaders and NGO; they should be conviewed with clear and
understandable information of the project's plan, especially, the environmental mitigation
and management wildife and forestry conservation, etc., in order to create the cooperation
together. Finally, this will lead to the sustainabie development.
(4) For the affected people both of directly and indirectly; they will be set up
the confidence and understand in the project's safety measures the personal and national
benefit including the better way of life. Above all, they should be created the realization
about environmental conservation, e.g., wildlife and forestry, and sustainable natural
resources utilization.
(5) For the journalist; they will be understood project's plan and its method,
furthermore, they will be the representatives to give project information about the positive
impact regularly.
St
-   Period:       -  1  period : In 2 years at the beginning of construction
period, PR team of PTT will manage their work plan,
which emphasized on the construction activities and the
main environmental mitigation method.
ENV1004j9712SICHAP-7.OOC                                                   PAGE 7-11



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PiPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
nd
-  2  period : PR team  of PTT will continuously monitor
and public relate, not less than 2 years, that stress in
forestry restoration along the pipeline.
rd
-  3  period : Monitoring and public relation emphasized on
the result of plantation, wildlife and forestry reservation
conscience, project management and quality of life
development along the pipe. There will take about 2
years.
In addition, the related activities to publics along the natural
gas pipeline as the program for creating the realization on the
natural resource conservation;
(1)    Quality of Life Development Project
(2)    The Youth RTT Forest Conservation Project
(3)    Forest Fire Protection Volunteer Training Project
(4)    Natural Surviving Project
as showns in Appendix K section 1 and 2.
-   Responsible Agencies:      PTT a
-   Estimate Expenses:         10 Ms
7.10     TRANSPORTATION
(1) Monthly record on transportation accidents associated with the project
during construction period.
(2) Record of signalling device installations during pipe laying period.
7.11     PUBLIC HEALTH/OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
(1) Provide annual health examinations to all worker.
(2) Monthly record on any illnesses and accidents during construction and
operation phase.
ENV100"A7126/CHAP-7.D0C                                                  PAGE 7-12



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                               FINAL REPORT
(3) Update pubhlc health record of the project- vicinity every six month to
oJJseirve any alternation in public heaIt conditions of local residents.
7.12     CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of the Natural Gas Pipeline Project will provide the fuel
supply to EGAT Thermal Cycle Power Plant at Ratchaburi province. In addition, the local
economics will receive source benefits in terms of job opportunities and downstream
businesses.
Nevertheless, there are some potential impacts to be related by the development
of this project, i.e., forestry / wildlife, water quality / aquatic biology, obstruction of
transportation, socio-economics and safety aspects. The anticipated impacts are relatively
minor level of short term impacts. Furthermore, the mitigation measures issued in this
report and the action plan of principle environmental mitigation measure and environmental
develonment of Yadana Gas Pinaline Projert (Appendix n K) will reduce the foreseen Impacts
to the acceptable levels. In order to assure the level of impact and the effectiveness of the
mitigation measures, the. monitoring programs were drawn up for the concerned
environmental parameters include water quality, aquatic biology, socio-economic, public
health and safety. With the measures and programs to be implemented by PTT according
to this study, surrounding environment can be sustained with this development.
ENV1OG4 17125/CHAP7.DOC                                                   PAGE 7-13



APPENDIX A.
THF DETAIL OF SITE SELECTION



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
1.                                                           A-1
2.                                                                                    A-1
3.  V        f                                        V wu                            A-5
4.2                                                                                   A-6
4.2.1               LU.Lf~1                                                           A-i 7
4.2.2               LILUTA9w14Drfl~ 2                                                  A-i18
4.2.3               LwNL-14f94  3                                                      A-20
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4.4.1 .                                                                               A-32
4.4.2      1finfl1?U                                                                   A-37
4.5                                                                                    A-37
4.5.1               LLuTAn'llfTn  1                                                    A-37
4.5.2               LLU1Qa4LfDnV 2                                                     A-42
4.5.3               LLu�,AWWLRnf  3                                                    A-43
5.4.3    ThNT.OC           W                                                           A-a3
EV04.9745/CONWET00C                                                                      A-32



EIA OF YADANA NATU.^A' GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                              FINAL REzOpR
APPENDIX A
.,U ~ ~   ~     ~     ~    ~     U
1-1         LL       1DnJ l   n  3 V1'4L&fn                                                   A-2
4.1-1      �fl1WlLLLWflvNLS9l                                                                A-7
4.1-2       LL    fli             �e4n4 3 aUU)4wLf1en                                         A-9
4.1-3    LLLLU9L11P1Vh1U                                                                      A-1 1
4.1-4      LLAnI4Ui'nf1?i9l4n-TL5L LL VU1U             AV?IUJL AMLn EI                      A-12
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4.5-1       LL4flh110flnnvn4�Th                                                               A-40
Yl AU IUL-hMIhflQULLU4T1;                                                         A-44
ENVl000714WCONTENT DOC                         *                                             UU1 A-b



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                         FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
4.1-1      fl1flnUU1q-                1flfl21     4.0 ?ntfrltif v1.ml1oq:hRln
A-14
4.3-1     V:11J1JUbW         U 3 LLUW)MlLti9                                             A-26
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4.4-1                                                             I 14 3 WI3Lt n         A-36
4.5-1      f99EJnlnLL1914�'W 1                                                           A-38
5-1      NTENT DOC                                                                      1AW1 A-47
ENVIDD419714EWCONTENT DOC                                            ,                  VIU1 A-c



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                    -  -
t'4iiiTJnmw
1          LLfl'J,ilJ,t'lIgL9 i(Tiein-point)                                                 a-22
2           LLtsQfRnlall\N3LLqtu;LuqWNL;fi9nVI 1                                           A-23
3                4Lvtl 2                                                                     A-24
4           LL' o)nlTlN l3'J?IJTLqrULLUfl'A1I Ltfl1nVI 3                                    A-25
5          LL 4             4            uLL�4'V)4LtaflT  3                                  A-33
ENVO4007145/CONTENTOC                                                                       M U U1 A-d



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ELA OF YADANLA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                                                    FIN RXPaT
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                                    FINAL REPORT
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                       FINA. REPOR-
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                               FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
tUTv qmv9fwvie (Tie-in-point)  TWL�IW*1j1
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nirn'n 1: uLR4tmwi1n1Xd 'iiL    msL4a3jk   (Tie-in-point)
EWNO41912OICHOOSE DOC                                                                     MU1 A - 22



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                             FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
_S~~~~~~~~~~~~~V
^ulila2<i ndutulLL? (rie1unq ai4afl?) J4VI1'n Lsfln 1
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ENV1004j512WCHOSE DCC                                                                    UA1) A - 23



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
am llWloru  l nma n ovm      2
.1              -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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ENVIOO4195l20WCHOOSE.DOC                                                              U)1 A - 24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                             FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
47
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51V100419512W/CH0056.DOC                                                                 UU1i A - 25



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
pnr).1vI 4.3-1
_~~~~                                                                           ~         ~ ~~~ .,U   _  ..
iUU iaVieuUsie4               @fY311?I1Ff1Ute               lfl4Lusf         1  mlntanfll 2  )n1ivrnn 3
1    n-g                  Schima wallichii Korth                            x              x               x
2    LijU                 Cinnamomum iners BI.                              x               x              x
3    ;n                   Barringtonia coccinea Kostel                      x               x              x
4    uUatXIL�1            Anaphalis adnata DC.                              x               x              x
5     z.J:V1JLLI          Achidendron clypearia, Vielsen                                    x              x
6    "tVI                 Memecylon ovatum  J.E. Smith                                      x              x
7     s                   Lithocarpus sp.                                                   x              x
8    nv                   Macaranga guadvicomis Ridi                        x               x              x
9    LItqIl               Lagerstroemia tomenwsa Presl                      x               x              x
10   uzlhu                Dillenia aunea Smith                               x              x              x
11   W_r-4                Peltophorum dasyrachis Kurz                                       x              x
12   vLaf4flT             Wendlanoa panicuiaia A.DC.
13   Li34d11              Pavetta wallichiana Steud.                                        x               x
14   LiUtJl               Osbeckia watanae Craib                             x              x               x
15   1isi:vu              Sterculia hypochra Pierre                          x              x               x
16   141.2tJ              Cephalostachyum  virgawm Kurz                      x              x               x
17                        Turpinia cochinchinensis Meff.                     x              x               x
18   mq-                  Eugenia cumini Druce                                              x               x
19   %UL=L51              Vitex sp.                                                         x               x
20   LU1\l1U               Itex umbellulata Loes.                                           x               x
21    fn7r)i               Mitragyna sp.                                     x
22   A-ti.h                Duabanga grandiflora IRoxb. ex DC.) Walp.         x              x
23   fn4rafn               Nyssa javanica IBI.)                              x
24    m-LAI                Ficus sp.                                         x              x
25   L15FILLM.4            Dalbergia dongnaiensis Pierre                     x
26   riuw.                 Crateva magna DC.                                 x
27   fl1JIu)m              Albizia odoratissima Benth.                       x              x
ENVlOO4t95120,rAW-431 irXLS                                                                                     Ml4    A - 26



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                 ;1%':L REPORT
A00ENDIX A
iNStl4Y1 4.3-1 (619)
9lu'u J    1nVIuL2J |1.|lISfl01 1  VImtniznf  2  WAn14L    n 3j
28   3jTujwi              Mangifera caloneura Kurz                         x              x              x
29   M-:LAlUtut           Shorea thorellii Pierre ex Laness                x              x
30   L14flAim4            Croton oblongifolius Roxb.                       x              x              x
31   1Jflltj              Grewia elaosremo:aes Coll. et Hemsl              x              x
32                        Pterospermum diversifolium  81.                  x
33   IriiJl               Bambusa arundmacea iReta.) Wild.                 x              x
34   6i1lU                Macaranga quadricomis Ridl                       x
35   !Vi1!J               Sapium  baccatum Roxb.                            x             x              x
36   IhA4i-1 / UhlUfl'   Macarranga giganta Muell. Arg.                     x             x
37   fi1tiiU              Paranephelium longifoliolatum  Lec.              x              x              x
38    mnl1                Oroxylum indicum  Vent.                           X             X
39   VilW'N               Lithocarpus fenestratus Rehd.   *                 x
40   !fi.1U11             Dipterocarpus abatus Roxb.                        x                            x
41   s141'iq              Xanthophyflum virens Roxb.                        x
42   2j:LfLnj             Cananum subulatum  Guill.                         x             x              x
43   tnl'um               Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. f.               x
44   UUUU                 Chukrasia venlutina W. & A.                       x
45   neun-w               Quercus kerrii Craib                              x                            x
46   nln7 u               Milletia brandisiana Kufz                         x             x
47    nflgU               Ulmus lancifolia Roxb.                            x
48   "-.4                 Dalbergia cochinchinensis B.                     x
49     Ii                 Gigantochloa albociliata Munro                    x
50      1Plfiku           Litsea curbeba Pers                               x
51  Lt4zlmmn4             Symplocos ferruginea Roxb.                        x
52    ulMAW               Ficus hispida Linn. f.                            x
53   uA4                  Xylia xylocarpa Taub.                             x             x              x
54   Pi-munum4            Lagerstroemia calyculara Kurz                    _               X _
ENn0vs612A 1XLS                                                                                              1u1  A -27



EIA OF YADANA NATIURAL GAS PIPELiNE PROJECT                                                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
A
1iRIT-1   4.3-1 (9ie)
41U,U       itUt,;4                                                     vnai&ns" 1I 1l4LU-*nlj  2  M1Lien-A3
55   atUvwwr              Femandoa adienophylla Steenis                                   x              x
56   L1fl4                Oialium cochinchinense Pierre                                   x              x
57   LLU                  Stereospermum  sp.                               x              x
58   fihUIWflj            Dillenia obovata                                 x              x
59    f3lJI1              -                                                               x
60  :unfiAu               Adenantera pavonina Linn.                                       x
61   UtlafliTr            Sterculia omata Wall                                            x
62   MflL&fi              Aphanamixis polystachya Parker                   x              x
63    =Rsvl               Milletria leucantha Kurz                         x              x
64   TIU1,3              Homalium tomentosum  Benth                       x              x
65   nttzrn424            Mitragyna brunonis Craib                                        x
66   Fc:fth               Schleichera oleosa Oken                          x              x
67   If tru-              Homonoia riparia Lour                                           x
68   m m4tnI413J         Erythrina suburnbrans (Hassk.) Men.              x              x
69   tEtlt                Termminalia nigrovenulosa Pierre ex Laness       x              x
70   qlh                  8ombax anceps Pierre .x                                         x              x
71   J:LW-4n              Antidesma laurifolium Airy Shaw                  x              x
72    t i.isn             Thyrsostathys siamensis Gamble                   x              x
73   i4iu                 Dalbergia oliveri Gamble                          x             x
74   -UZM1e               Cehis tetradra Roxb.                             x              x
75   LZIAnwru%4an         Carallia brachiata Men.                           x             x
76   &UtnfiU              Vitex canescens Kurz.                            x              x
77   UuU                  Terminalia glancifolia                           x              x
78   3=:inp               Celtis tetradra Roxb.                            x              x
79   Lf AUtft-:U14        Shorea henryana Pierre                           x              x
80   tiet                 Streblus asper Lowr.                             x              x
81   Dyospyros            Dyospyros sp.                                     x             x
82   .U.U                 Gigantochloa albociliata Munro                    x             x
EP.V1,M/9120/TA943-1XLS                                                                                       1U4     A - 28



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
F1151431 4.3-1 (lil)
4Su'1u        iuLus4                     i1iAu1DvI1n1                  n1f4LianA 1 WI.31,isnmi 2   nL4i)fl  3
83   u-nfl               Spondias pinata (L.f.) Kurz                      x              x
84   UJUMAI               Toona cilliata M. Roem.                         x              x
85   LftseIA71t.         Knwma sp.                                        x              x             x
86   ;l                  Gmelina arborea Roxb.                            x              x
87   PqAiurne11          Hopea odorata Heim                               x              x
88   7]2Aj=               Pterocarpus sp.                                 x              x             x
89   lumlu               Wnghtia tomentosa Rowm. & Schult.                x              x             x
90   3ublrInM3           Hydrocarpus curisii King                                        x             x
91   ilfl4 -             Alpinia conchigera Griff                                        x             x
92   fn                  Malanorhoea glabra R. Br.                                                     x
93   tnl.1J-If           Dipterocarpus costatus Gaertn. t.                               x             x
94   3=24J                Bouea oppositifolia Meissn.   *                                              x
95   Mi1lnl              Cleistocatyx operculatus Roxb.                                  x             x
96   n=,"Ah               Dalbergia fulioceal Wall.                                      x             x
97   U5i114              Dendrocalamus strictus Nees                                     x             x
98   lIjflSlj3j           Thespesia lampas Daiz. & Gibs.                                               x
99  'iUUUmiUJW            Curcuma aeryginosa Roxb.                                                     x
100   nrun                                                                                              x
1ol  risfnluun3           Lithocarpus sp.                                                               x
102   nsgnis              Lithocarpus sp.                                                               x
103  tLEs3J'1fJU1         Costus speciosus Smith.                                        x              x
104   ulrij               Kaempteria marginata Carey.                                    x              x
105  lI=t                 Pterocarpus macrocarpus                                                       x
106     ILI-ai4e2JMIin    Randia sootepensis                                                            x
107  nfl"iti              Boesenbergia pandurata Holtt.                                  x              x
108   altlIh              Adinandra sp.                                                                 x
109     3L4?J4            Diperterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsm. ex. Miq                                  x
110                       C cratoxylum formosum  Dyer                                    x              x
ENV4O 120WTAU3.1 XLS                                                                                        M`I1 A - 29



Lflz vsr        nn, t,, U,... tiflo r,rcuLLc rnt- jQL..                                                     riNML nttWItiI
APPENDIX A
-~~~~~~~~~~~-
R$1   4.3-1 (ki)
,          .            . 1
+iu)u       1iVVIULUS4                    Se1r111,3q1 M                 Wb4Lfrnn fnn 1    4LaiL-nn1 2  m4Lsnin 3
111   n-unnlJ             Vitex pendunculans Wall. ex Schawer                                             x
112   tEIn                                                                                                X
113   YuitJ31             Shorea floribufda G. Don                                                        x
114   fnl&nflwiiw         Canarium subulatum  Guill                                                       x
115   ntun                Lithocarpus polystachyns Rehd.                                                  x
116   AtumuA341tV         Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.                                      x              x
117   i)UlduM4            Aeschynanthus hildebrandii Hemel.                                x              x
118  IJflVJfl'1U          Eurya acuminata DC.                                              x              x
119   1Af                 ELkaocarpus sp.                                                  x              x
120   Glocidion           Glocidion sp.                                                    x              x
121   UnLiA&ns            Ficus montana Bumr.                                              x              x
122   nn                  Lannea coroamndelica Meff.                                       x              x
123   {9as1               Lannea grandis                                                   x              x
124   SusU                Dalbergia nigrescens Kurz                                        x              x
125   3=hiunnn            Horstieldia gJabra Wrarb.                                        x              x
126   a-aat               Choerospondias axilaris Burtt & Hill                             x              x
127    iftinuAl4          Cassia tamoriensis DC.                                           x              x
128  tU11.141uu           Dipterocarmus kerrii King                                        x              x
129   AimmanfQ4N          Gardinea sootepensis Hutch.                                      x              x
130  1"l.i4               Bambusa natans Walls.                                            x              x
140   LUZ.nVIIfA          Aporusa rilbsa Baill                                             x              x
141  nmas-                Milleknia atropurpurea Benth                                     x              x
142  favoflu              Xerospermum internedium  Radik.                   x              x              x
143    thnf                        .                                                       x              x
144  nflit1u              Millettia pendula Benth                                          x              x
145   SSJl                Eugenia formosana Wall                                           x              x
146   PlRfil3            Actinodaphne henryi Gamble                                       x              x
75            122             82
ENVIOO4/51201TASA3-1LS                                                                                        VUU1 A - 30



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX A
FlW1dl  4.3-2
fiurrs   vaJ;ilu'nssuil     Wii  *uSs uvmYl4monv
1.2                      3
1.     LR?L'afMU (fiv.U./LEnULLV97)                     57.78      77.240       73.545
2.   6r2     3T h4rkj (em.4./RU)                         0.493        0.608       0.511
3.    QU)UUi   (iLnLf
1)   bThAqj                                         110          127          144
2)   Int                                           1,855       1,188        1,171
3)    n'i'b1'                                     16,818      15,000       14,677
4)   A'ki (vILmnUpif)                               809          913          502
ENWlW4I12Wr2A43.XLO.S .u  A-31



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                               FINAL REPORT
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MW4100S9120CHOOSE.DOC                                                                     M411 A - 33



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                             FINAL REPORT
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EWVIN09512VCHOOSEDOC                                                                     M UI4   A - 34



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EWN1004M12WCIH00SE.DOC                                                                     Vlulq A - 35



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                        FINA. REPORT
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                                A>ENDCX A
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ENvIXNS5120:HooSE DOC                                                                    MUU A - 40



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EIA 0; YADANA NATUF4, GPIF'PEUJNE PRJEC7                                                                                                            F,N__ R_<-Ml~-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OP                                                                                       SCAL
-  - - - - -  -  -                                           - - -       -  -                      | -        - -~~~~pi
2)lM._E   A0                                                                                                                                              U   



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                           FINAL fiEPORT
ADPENDIX a
Latrltnln411alnvllwseauqellstlw4fl?ent 1 V                                       W11
T949'X-90l.0qnlelUnE %UN:tUUTl4LMinm 2 US1- 3 mi1j4h fllt                   5 USf- 4
-nmUf  lfl vm:j6lWSi,iAjQ    14<113                        (Elephas maximus), s-Lnz(Hylobates
larl, MJ4Wl (Ursus malayanus), mumllf (Ursus thibitanus), Linli4ti (Muntiacus feae), nfls-    (Bos
gaurus). AlU.41l (Naemorhedus bumatrensis) L u-unnfn (Buceros bicomis) uanqSnfullLLU0    LtflVon
2 LLUiS   3  4                                                                      LUU4')    q
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Pt 54.25 nLUu u                       3 iJTn iNiu   10- lo un-nL4mml1  2           in  fjq  12
ENv; 5> 9-:::-^::                                                                     1 MU-) A - 46



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                      ,                                       FINAL REZORT
AP^- N2'\ A
5-1
VnnLien
_~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ 3
1   11i11Z  25 R:tIIIU
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* uMUJ4SIlIA                                     a)         050        400         0.25       200         025        200
I , . I
nluYlJII n�u IBI  21                                        025         0so        0so        1.00        075         1 0
i 2  nm3u1yflJmU1t1vn0 1hl4                         I 10 I
t*nnuMunau e1f Ab4~71ulu4                    t  2 I         050         1.00       0.25       oso         0 25       0 so
* SvunuSu AM41* 4lla1~                        t  2 1        0.25       050         0.50        100        0.50        100
wP unlnnuunl4                                 I  2          0.25       0.o         0 25       050        o05          100
*   W)10lJ1fseJlg4~                           C  2          0 25       0.50        0.25       0 50        050         1.00
-*; tu1tulunnAl~4i1J nu                          t2 1           050 1o00              0.25        n so       0 25        0 50
2   it.iJI (25 FiL1Jw
* uSne i,m4ihmmisiu       jI  a I                           050         4.00       0 25       2.00        0.25       2o00
m7mmuO Mt46W1                                 I  7 )        0.50        3.50       0.50       3.50        0.50       350
-  nimm1Avu(unu Jfliju                           I 10           0 75       7.50       0.25        2 so       0 25        2 50
3   tlWt3nhZu1 n15 t: ILU_
-  fl,,Uflh1J1IrflIfltfi#~(4                     I  5 I         0.50       2.50      0o50         2.50       0 50        2.50
unn* 0Sfltt&.R1Ufi11W(ftI 10 I                               s0.50      sD         0o50       soo        o050       5s00
4   I,1nf/r0vqtun    ,WIiuru.1WJ m  n) o (10 uuL)
*  5flflTh1J6fl0Z1j'Jnl1fl2WfI                I  4          0.50        2.00       0.25        1.00       0.o0        2 00
*  u6l170ieqJUt9~CuflW11                      I  3 )        0.50        1 50       0.25       0.75        0.50        1.50
u* n7 UfmfltmJIleWThtunnh r                   I  3 I        0.50        1.50       0.25       0 75        0.50        1.s0
s   oU'1nftu (1o P-Iuu
min r3ln05uA- un itnuunfut4e5nu               I  5 I        0 so        2.50       0.50       2.50        0.50       2.50
-  1Jfifl1Z110Jft6~A04flh401fl                   I  5 I         0s50       2.50       05 0        2.50        0s50       2 50
6   hJTIWtA1nU (15 At:IL1I1
n*  mm%lFkunfnm     mun                       1  7 )        0.75        5.25       0 75       5 25        0.75       525
-   lrnmnu'mv w4 mmufmrnu                        I  8 I         0.75       600        0.75        6.00        0.75       600
ntDJa00Unoo 0AIUIM                                       64 25                  4275                   455so
r,iI,5.  S   S=iU  "   g n_ 9-"-
-0.75 UfnlI lShJ?IOmAlSJOS
-0o.2s SmntOuluAmulA  iuJtI
-0.00 rn7nm uluAlA suttntp&i*no
ENVIOWD/95123TABS-IXL5 us                                                                                                                        A  - 47



APPENDIX B
0
THE RESULTS OF SOILS STUDY



_~~                                       ~    ~~~ _   i
43SZ Qc~4OOO                                                       1 
5AH ~~~r | Oi\ \S           
}   '  ts  \,                                                              O 100 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~200nm. 
. (P'%O',  C                                                                                                2 ( 2
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Hrzna GGASi ScaleE\ ~ )    
TIE iIAHOEc                                                               {t '
~fRTOtA  \ \ ; 
_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" R^ROO                      Ss\\
PROJECT BOUNDARY 000~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~010 20m
t 11sOOOh ~CHANGWAt INI__   *\
_ __ A).;PHOE LINE   \        '                -                                            0
RIVER                                            t\                       8'    
SOIL BOUNDARY                                     \9''                             \/       >--/ 
LEGEND SOIL                                                       2       o     +           ey,
(SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)                                                                <fi 
~>'\~.~'\.                                                       Honsnia  IrBi cl
NTEAM                                                                                                              >
FIGURE B-1 :SOIL MAP  ALONG THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE                                                                            z
m                                 R     BD                                                                                                                    x
_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
lp                                                                                                         x~~--GSPIELN  \~~ 



n                                                              v        !        I        l        |       ,        ,        I                                             _~~~I  -
0   00 200 
( ~~~~~~~~~~~~rSC         A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Verlical GrapicScale
ryaSC                                                                                                      0           2Atm
k          Ty Ok Ml                     X                                                                       Hor zontal  Graphc Scal
SYMBOL                    la,MiLi ,--
_ _ -      PROJECT BOUNDARY (lO1                               /                 * 
-----PROJECT SIOUNDARY I 20m)                                                         "--
- - GAS PIPE LINE
CHANGWAT                                      k\                                                   .
O AMPHOE                                                                            <�>                                                            _ N
CHANGWAT LINE
---  AMPHOE LINE
,-   =    RIVER
@>P   POND                                                                                              INDEX\                        P
1C60COOGN             SOIL BOUNDARY
LEGENO SOIL
.SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)
.   *     ;        ,        I        *        ,        *       .        *        .        *        .        ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~II    I  a       
S L                           FIGURE   B-1    Cont'd                                                                                                                                      |EnM
m                                                                                                                                                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z
I~11'11



4 *0001 OcO _E_7000F                                                                        _80,OO
SC   C  Tk       / PCfTk          '=
1 '05@S~~~~~~~---'A                                                    N <
Ka  .KpSTm
SC                                                     . /        '3  110                                                   0
(/C"> 7      ob"'V'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'\ ~~~Vertical  Graphic Scale
Pea StC(                                                                                                                                0        1        2 Km
_z.JtzZ~"                                '7'                                           Sf0.4 ch.                            Horizontal  Graphic Scale
-    -~~~~~~~~~   ~~PC/Tea                                    ><k
SYMBOL
-.    PROJECT BOUNDARY (loOm I
PROJECT BOUNDARY I 20 I\
-   GAS PIPE LINE
0        CHANGWAT
.  *    AMPHOE
ROAD                                                                                PC  Tk
:RAILROAD                                                                                                                  X
goo 0o0-                             CHANGWAT UNE                                                 \X,7                                                         \    Rb 940
-  - -     AMPHOE LINE
RIVER
.;50/6BOUNDARY                                                                                                  Ks&Kp&Tm                 \
LEGEND SOIL
(SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)
- _ 
TEAM
w                                FIGURE   B-1               Cont'd
w
La.,IQ



*so.oooe49000f                             496.C00E                                    X o.oooe
x"Sn
2                               <,\S n >,                                                                                                                           _ 
.            --,,%T Tl/Tk- br                                                                                            ,i
;.IX    \                                                                                |        0O 100  200m                           r
'2~~'~$~  .~~.~....Pc-9g-Tw ~Vertical  Graphic Scale  
a                      i~~~~~'N"" .                                                                              0        I       2 Km                       r
Horizontal Graphic Scale
.                                                                                       ---- - -- - ,r
SYMBOL                                        \\ \
_ . -    PROJECT  OUNODARY (�00.. I                        .N
-----   PROJECT BOUNDARY (201               Wc/ Tk- br       g            N.
- - GAS PIPE LINE                                         NZZ___
CHANGWAT                       , \                          '  Y:1 -
.   b900C0NE*  A,, lyN4,
ROAD                                                             '''
. RAILROAD
.- - -    CHANGWAT LINE
AMPHOE LINE                                                                         K
RIVER                                                                    \ \'    .
PONO                                                                       \   '&              .
SC      SOIl BOUNUARY
SC
LEGEND SOIL
JSEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)                                                        I4IC'..9                 Tw/90
*                                                                +4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*S    ' A.
TEAM         >
m                               FIGURE     B-1           Cont'd                                                                                                                                              m
w                                     .                                                                              .                                                                        Z              xz



f                                   *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9s ooot                   sao ooof                                              o.ta
>1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I P;%; A,,I                                                                                                                          1-1
01101                     100 tOO 4                                                                    0     1        2 Km
t e'\ \\ Kw/Bg 
-e 6I5I_Y)N      . II.?.U|o                                                                              a
PC     I  ^1t  0 Pea m
IR o80OOON%      ~ 
SYMBOL                            <       .     's >
_._  PROJECt 9OUNDARY (IOOM I                                          @
PAOJCTOUNDY           _         _   Po                                                                                  010i 20n.)
^  * GAS PIPE LINE                           a                                                                     V        GraphTk iTa-br
t)  cmAuGA vr                                                              kft Ong Ka\\*r"ot
A MPHOED
~~RAIltOAO                                              ,          \
CHANGWAT LINE                                eK   w                  s
A -    MPHOE LINE                                               /      S   
SOIL SOUNDARY
5 is 00',.                                                               I'.                                                                     0       I        2Km
w 501eOuNORY K*                t             ,p1NTrt l1  I/
A.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~TA
-~~~~~~~~~~~~4                                                                                                                      HoIona sloo  ,      .
FIGURE  tN  Contd    TABBt-1
I         .1 ,00           SI        O .,    ,,          0 .   i                  , a                       t        |        I        I  .  
- .                                                        - PRJc  BONAY lO 
M.                            FIUE          B1          CotdrA 
rtp
- _ - -POETOUNRYI011



f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S                                                                                             .                                                        ..                             ,                    '!
1E4T0   6                                       5 10.0 15,00E 
.C    S.;The $.dot
Sey""    \0>\^,\   .                                                                                                        o  100  200m .mr
1 o te  >>  \   \ \\   ' _K sa^ K p dS Tm                                                 Vertical  G aphic Scale                        r
0        1        2 Km 
J   *>t>  2  X west 2,                                               Horizontal  Graphic Scale
SYMBOL                                      /
_~  /       Ks & Kp&Tm
m.,Kh...tl)
_     _ -   PROJECT BOUNDARY 1100m1 
PROJECT  BOUNDARY 120.II
-         -  GAS PIPE LINE
*I~T     CHANGWAI                                            \ -0
I145S010N                ROAD                                                      DI\  ..       * Cho.iK Csp
RtAILROAD
-- -=-    CHANGWAT LINE                                      V/       -     x>        AI2Ar_
---   AMPHOE LINE                                ee_*
RIVER                                                                                                                                   __IE_X
. . POND                                          /
SOIL BOUNDARY                                                                                                                    \  \  K
_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -1S.. 1L;.y\\eS :_
LEGEND SOIL
ISEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)                                                I
j   |         |   p      ..                         I                              , .                 .     1        1        1        1        11I,       *.  
TEAM          >
FIGURE   B-1                Cont'd                                                                                                                                                                 z
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0
w. 
w
f~~~~~~~~c



p                                T -I - 
55                                5d~~~~~~~I -sf                                                                                     0  1         20 m
|   Ty-1 5Xp-LY,I-S4t   X I-s h                                                                                | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vemical  Graphic Scale   
o X    St-;h                                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horio tral : Grapic Scale
W, (MI,t                   SYMBOL                                                             SIS - s 4  oN S h                                           iN_  [ j
= -PROJECT BOUNDARY sm)\    
*      .                             \    /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M Pt x >L                   |
--   CHANGWAT LINE                                                                                                                (I)K   K&
_ _  ANIPHOEUN                                                                                                        1\        Slh
< ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PONO                                                                 WIN8 
RAILR8UOAD YHe                                                                                                    <A                 ^"   *
PNO
LEGEND SOIL                                                                                                                          G        Sl-sb
I.S O                   ISEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)                                                                              KS    P        D                         It
SIt                                                                                         0 _                 m     TEAM          >
,c4                                                                                                                                                                                                                  CcU E  -: Cotd177 
,                                                                                                         ,                                   .                               I _ez    ,,~~~~~~~TI' 



\ 8 . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vertical  (3raphic Scale
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1                                                                                                         9    2     K m-)l<l 
,~~~ ~~~            To\Q  M.\  0
|             ~~~~SYMEtOL                                    %       >            W- WA
,_   IPROjECT  EOUNDARY JIM, I                                                        MraN/                                                  NO2 OFI
____.PROJECT BOUNDARY t20m 1              Ksa8Kp OT  <Y     
_   _    GAS PIPE LINE                 *             >      9    \ s \        _ 
0                                                                                                                                         0        1 CHANGWAT
-    .  PROAD    BOUNDAR    Osn .i3
CHANGWAT LINE
- 0 OOON  ___ AMPHOE LINE
I140 GOON 
.   =C      RIVER                                    ,                                                         I'
SOIL BOUNDARY                                                                                        '4.12
LEGEND SOIL                                                                      K* 'SPNg
(SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)                                                                                    *    I
,        .         .                                     p                                     I         .                     
TEAM           >
C)                                FIGURE   B-1    Cont'd                                                                                                                                                             T
2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   X
-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~



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T                                                'C     -    >-         {                                                                                                                                                       4  ;
~-V. (00,p 
g^CI                                                                                                                                         0;    O 100 200 m
KI-mw                                                                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vertical  Graphic Scale 
I  w^Fw0 1 2IKm
[             ~~~SYMBOL                     S8  p9r                    ,       sL\
530  _.N               PROECT OOLNOARY 100 m   I  .\                                                           KsHa K mua   Gr-phic cKap
_   -. PROJECT BOUNDARY t 20m )                                 g\ )i
- GAkS PIPE LINE                               K*pm_,s p
CHANGWAT                                                           flw                    \
AMPHOE *  
INDEX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'
/~~~~~ ~  ROOU/&} X\
o~~ooooos                                                            / t/                    1  s        KaK.mwK
_   _ -     SOILET BOUNDARY                            '     J                                          \
- -         GA _ PIPHE UINE                             Ks&PST                                    t 1 I|*
LEGENO SOIL
(SEE IN ArTACHED TABBLE)                                                                0     '"                    i
AC                                                                             .                                                                                TEAMO>
C)                                  FIGURE              B-lA    Cont'd LINz
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                             CyIZ 
U)-                                                XE
~~~~~ RIVER 



.. , . . . | , I I . I ,. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I                                                                               I        I         I       ****I-**----**-**,*~*             3
ufi  54s ODOo                                  550.Ooof                                        555 000f                                       58C00m
&,                                                                                                                                                                                            p  sE,.\ 
&~~~~~~~7 s25t                                      .    o KsfKs&K-mw&Kp 
/                                                                                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2
\ t @1 X X _ /                                                                     7  i'                                                                                     il
_    -                                                                                            r  im"o
r
SY LKs .K ,,                                w Kp
)                                                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 IOC  200 m
vertical  Graiphic Scale 
n
_---.    0ROOECT  1OUNDARs                                                                                                                             2Km0m 1   ll  2
l.a                                                                  N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~orizontal  G-raphic Scale
-   -    GAS PIPE UINE                       |     I
*        AFIPHOE                                 j   It*\B    Is 
ROAD                                          I
__ _|__ ___  GiVER                                     \    ll    i                                                                  __     _ oft
I Y 1', (ItlON  @U                SOIL BOUNDARY                                               S PorR KiC BOUoNA                                       ,       O0   18
CEGEND SOIL     I 2                                                                                                  ,
(SEE IN ATTACHEO TABBEE                             ( i I5
,  .   ^   .  I   .         ,         ,        .        *         ,         ,        I         *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~II    '                I        'l
API-0ETEAM                                                                                                                                                            D
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
FIGURE ~ ~ RALRA B-i  ConCht..
w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~HNWTLN
0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~MHELN



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0
', 1                                              I'I                                                                                                                                                                           z W.1+     
t 9,                                                                                                                                                                                 -i
-   0-s\1- \                                                                                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~           ~         ~        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 100 20B rn.m
m
Vertical  Graphic Scale                        Z
\ AqNI\ n                                          ri                                                  n0  1     2 Km 
^ .              \     *  * ,~  a bs r*                                                         Horizontal  G raphic   Scale                    2
S The ~~~~~~~~                              T-b
*~~~~t KM F;',Sk  rn
'~~~~~ cr..II a, 9 f..i*r
SYMBOL            =
PROJECT BOUNDARY lSDO.)                                                           \* 
PROJECT BOUNDARY 1 201)                                      aTn'.0   'i\   " -                             KFk
-   -   GAS PIPE LINE                                                         -  ri'    - b    \                              --                    '(
(*)      CHANGWAT                                                                            / /                                Ptit     *
*       AMPHOE                                                                      atloeAl rek '- '
ROAD                                                                                                                           k       t -
RAILROAD
I SS YOWL-N                      CHANGWAT LINE                                                                                             MPHOE        BUNG              ( 
- _  _-    AMPHOE LINE
=          RIVER
POND                                                                                                          1 1i}tDEX
SOIL BOUNDARY
LEGEND SOIL
(SEE IN ATTACHED TABBLE)
TEAM          >
,c                               FIGURE   B-1               Cont'd                                                                                                                                                             z
w                                                                                                              .
__



1.6% OOON               Sd-ust                                                                                                                         D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0    0   200 m
Vertical G aphic Scale
Yi                                                                       ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~0  1  2 Km
-     -  GAS PIPE LINE                                                                                                Sc~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
x ~ ~     ~    ~     IOOO *5o                             CHANG                                                                             sscoW                                                    .rT
|wboN> t < wst | OROADm 
/ S~~~~~~~~~~~   _                                                        H~~~~~~~~Forizontal: Graphic Scale
I          SYMBOL CA A   LINE
SC        S _ PROJECT BOUNDARY 1100m
PROJECT  EOUNOARY I 20. 1                                                                                  W.  K,. \
_ _    GAS PIPE LINE                                                                                                                   \ct 
t.SCO.000S                          I CHANGWAT        TABBLE(
AMPHOE~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TA 
-ROAOD\ 
RAILROAD                                                                                                                               \     v~__ 
CHANGwAT LINE                                                                                                                                   O
_  _   AMPHOE LINE 
F E IVER                                                                                                         [ ConEd
POND
> g   SOIL BOUNDARY                                                                                                                  1~1                 INDSX _
LEGEND  SOILtL
(SEE IN ATTACHED TA88LEE
>                    .                                                                                                                                          .                          ~~~~        ~    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TEAM1
C)T                                     FIGURE    B-1:  Cont'd . 
MD. '_ E 



5 ^  S6r Ioot                                                                                   1.590OXN                                        E95,OcDE                                           0
-n
>
z
L-
.1 Kh-                                                          <    T      m    -                                              r
,   ssoswJUl                    \                                    z                                                                                                                           .         $~~~~~~~xyopt
C.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 
Tp.e-Kyo-Pth              SYMBot  tCn- co Rb- co
I  10    00 M.
SYMBOL   Tp - c - Kyo - Pth           Rb-co                                                   V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~enlical  Graphic Scale
MAE M4,,,W                              ~     ~~~~0  1      2 Km
_._PROJECt BOUNDARY (100. I                                                                A7  t if a4 v,  _K
-    -      PROJECT BOUNDARY (lOOm I                                                                                                          Horizontal  Graphic Scale
---   PRO JECt BOUNDARY (20mi
G AS POPE LINE                     flHNWAT RATCHAt3UIr 
CHANGWAt                                  .    /\1_
*        AAtPHOIMPNOE
ROAD
RAILROAD
-- - -    CHANGWAT LINE                                                 LEGEND  SOIL
-  - -      AMPHOE LINE
I 495 O0ON                 RIVER
Sc      POND                                                 (SEE IN ArrAC:HEO TABBLE)
.                 t<)    501E~~~~~OI BOUNDARY                          
I~   ~                                                               I           I  I' . I I                                                      *
-o~~~~~~~~~~~~7
TEAM          -
M)                                FIGURE    B-1               Cont'd                                                                                                                                                             M
w                                .m            



TABLE B-1                                                                                                                             M
PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN THE PIPELINE ROUTE                                                                                                                         0
Soil Series                      Land-form                       Soil exture                 Soil Structure       Soil Permeability          Soil Drainage                  Soil pH                                    Z
Top Soil         Sub-Soil                                                                                 Surface Soil   Sub-Soil                            Z
I   Dail Sai                       Dissected efosion surlace/    Sandy Slope      Sandy clay loam    unstable              moderate               well dfained                      6 5            6
Foot hill                    _ loam
2   Karnphaeng SaerV               SemFiecent tefrace/Semi       Sill loanv       Silty clay         moderately stable/    moderate/moderate/    well drained/well                 7/6/          7i5 5n                           tn
Karnphaeng Phet/              recent alluviaULevee           Silt loarrm      oaryclaylioam     moderately stable/     moderate              drained/imoderatehy                                                             m
Thamuang                                                    Silty clay loam                     moderately stable                            well drained                                                                    2
3   Karn Phang SearVnKam           Semrirecent Terrace           Silt toarm/      Silty clay         moderate/moderatei    moderate               well drain                       7/7/6 i       7i7 S
Phing Sean mod/Kham                                         Silt loanV       ioamiSilty         moderate
Phang Phet                                                  Sdt loam         clay loarrVClV
4   Korat mod                      Middle terrace                Sandy loam       Sandy clay loam   unstable               moderate              moderately drained                 6  _          5 5
5   KoraVSan Pa tong/Ram           Middle terrace                Sandy loanV      Sandy clay        unstable               moderate/moderate/    modetely well                  6 5/6 56 5    5 5/S 5/i 5
Phong                                                       Sandy loarrV     loamiSandy                                Rapid                 drainedimoderately
Sandy loam      clay loarrv                                                     well drained/well
Sandy loam                                                     driined
6   Lat Yailha Yang                Dissected erosion sulitrce    Sandyt toamr     Sandy clay        unsstatlefunstable     Rapid/Rapid           well drained/well                5 56f5        5 55 5
Sandy loam       lorrVgfavelty                                                  drained
>                                                                                                              clay loam                                                                                                                                 >    Z
W                                                                                                                                                                                          Zm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
7   Mae Rim                        High terrace                  Sandy loam       Sandy loam        unstable               moderate              well drained                       7            6 5                           0
________                              ____                                                           _______    ____                                                         w   -l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _rlD
. f ~  ~



TABLE B-1 (Cont'd)                                                                                                                            m
z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
in~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Soil Series                       Land-form                       Soil Texture                 Soil Structure       Soil Permeability           Soil Drainage                  Soil pR-f
Top Soil          Sub-Soil                                                                                  Surface Soil   Sub-Soil                             Z
0~~                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Z
8   Mae Rim/Nam Phong               High terrace/Middle terrace   Sandy loam/       very gravelly      unstable/imstable      moderate/Rapid         well drained/Some-               6 5/6 5       5.5/5 5                           >
Sandy loam       sandy clay                                                       what excessivelly
loamiloamy sand                                                 drained                                                                           >
9   Nam Phong                       Middle terrace                 Sandy loam       loamy Sand         unstable               Rapid                  Somewhat                          6              5 5  
m
tO  Na Khon Pathom                  Semi-recent allvium           Silty clay loam   Silty clay         moderately Stable      Slow                   Somewhat poorly drained            6             8                               I
11  Pak Chong                       Dissected erosion surface     Clay              clay               Stable                 moderate              well drained                       65            5 5
12  Pak Chong Stony phai            Dissected erosion surface     Clay             gravelly clay       Stable                 moderate              well drained                       65            55 
13  Pak Cliong/Ban Chongl           Dissected erosion Surtace     Clay/Clay        ClaylClay/         Stable/nmoderate       moderate/moderate/    well drained/well                8 515 S/7      5 15/.6
Tap Khwang                                                   loam/Clay         Clay               Stable/morderate       moderate              drained/will drained
loam                                Stable
14  Pak Cho,g/Takhtr                Dissected erosion Surface     Clay/Clay  -     Clay/Clay          Stable/Stilble         moderate/moderate      well drainedAvell                 6 5/8        S s/a 5
15  Pak Chong/lHn Son               Dissected erosion Surlace     Clay/Clay        Clay/Gravelly      Stable/Stable          moderate/moderate      well drained/weB                  6 5/7        5 /5 5
l6  Slkhio Shallow                  High terrace                 loam              Clay loam          moderatui stable        Rapid                 moderably well                      6            5 5
1 7  Sung Noen                      Middle terrace  -             Silt loam        Silty clay loam    moderately stable      moderate               well drained                       6 5           5 5                         >    >
la  Takhli                          Dissected erosion surface     Clay             Clay               Stable                 Slow                   well drained                       B             8 5                         X
CO   4



M
TABLE B-1 (Cont'd)
Soil Series                       Land-form                       Soil Texture                 Soil Structure        Soil Permeability          Soil Drainage                   Soil pH _
rp                                                                                                  Top Soil          Sub-Soll                                                                                   Surface Soil   Sub-Soil                              >
19. Takhtl/Ta-klti brown            Dissected erosion surface     Clay              Clay               Stable                 Slow                   well drained                        8              5                                x
------------------------I-----------------   -------------                                                                                              ----.----
Cs
20. Thayvng                         Dissected erosion surface      Sandy loam       Gravelly clay      unstable               Rapid                  well drained                        6              6                               >
-u
m
21. Tha Y ang/Lat Ya                Dissected erosion surface      Sandy loamV      Gravelty/clay      unstabletunstable      RapidtRapid            wet drainedAwell                  6/5 5          6/5 5                             2_
z
Sandy loam       loatrVSandy                                                      drained                                                                            m
clay lom
2
22. The Yang/Muak Lek/li            Dissected erosion surface/    Sandy toamt       Gtavelly clay      unstable/moderately    Rapid/moderale/        well drained/well                6/7Ai5        5/5 5I     5 
Dissected erosion surface/   loanVioam         loarmClay          stabeVunstable          moderate              drained/well drained
Dissected erosion surface                      loadVGravelly
tt   clay loam
23  U_name                           Dissected__ erosion------- -   s   Sandy--  loam_  S  loam----   unstable______           Rapid                  wel dr6 56 -
23. Unname 2                        Dissected erosion surface     Sandy loam        Sandy loam         unstable               Rapid                  well drained                       6 S            6 5
24. Unname 2                        Dissected erosion surface     Sandy loam        Sarndy loam        unstable               Rapid                  wetl drained                        6             5 S
25. Want Chomplue/Takli brown       Dissected erosion surface     Clay/Clay         Clay/Clay          Stable                 Slow/moderate          well drained                      6 5/6          SI8 5
1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~'
26i  Yang Talat                     Middle terface                Sandy toam        Sandy Wzm          unstable               moderale               mdrately well                       7            S 5
27. Yang Talat-mod San              Middle terrace/Middle         Sandy toarn       Sandy oarrV        unstablehunstable      moderate/moderate      moderatetmoderate                 7/6 5         5 5/5 5                       >
>                                 Patorig                        terrace                        Sand loam        Sandy clay                                                                                                                                      Z    m
m                                                                                    b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lamZ 
W CY)                                                                                                                                                                     .                                                    __
cn-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    -                         n -



TABLE   B-1  lCont'd)
o                                                                                                                                                                                                 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Soil Series                       Land-form                       Soil Texture                 Soil Structure       Soil Permeability           Soil Drainage                  Soil pH
Top Soil          Sub-Soil                                                                                  Surface Soil   Sub-Soil                            Z
ci~~~ _  _      _     _     _     _      _     _     _     _     __                                                       __         .___                __        _     _     _     _     _     _    _                                >
0 
28  Escarpment                                                                                                                                                                                                                        f_
C)
29  Rock al d                                                                                                                                                                                                                         f t
m
30  Slope Complen                   Structural mountain and       Clay/Sandy        Clay/Gravelly      Slable/tinstable/      moderate/Rapidl       well drained/well                 8/8 5         8 S/S S                           m
z
hilly area                   loam/Rock land   loam/tRock          Stable                 Rapid                  drainedlwell drained                                                              r
31  Oeum Bang                      low terrace                    Clay              Clay               Stabe               ot Slow                  Poorly drained                      6             6                               rt
32  Phon Phisa                      middle terrace                Gravelly loam     Gravelly Clay      moderetle stable       moderate              moderate                            6             8 8
� ---------- -------   ------ _________                                                                                                                                            --------          -----
33  Pak Tho                         low terrace                   Sandy clay        Clay loam          moderatety stable to    Slow                  Smoewhat poorly                    6             6
loam                                unstable                                      drained
34  Sadao-ust                       middle terrace                loamy sand        Sandy loam         unstable               moderate              Somewhat exces                     6             6
�__________________                    ----------------  ---------                   _________            ------------  ------------                   ______________               ---- I- -  -
35  Colluvial Complex               Dissected erosion surface     Clay to Clay
loam
36  Gravel Pile
37  That Phanom-c Khan Yol          bw terraceAow lerrace         Clay loamv       Clay loanV         moderately stable/      moderate/slow         Somewhat poorty                    7/6         5 5/5 5
loam             Silty clay         moderately stable                            drained/poorly                                                               -u   >
ITt                                                                                                              loam                                                             drained                                                                      Zrnm
-4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-



z                                                                                                                  TABLE  B-1  (Cont'd)
8 ~ ~   ~       ~       ~      ~ ~ ~                 _ _ _ _                                                                                                                                                                                    0
_       _    _     _    _                                                                  _ _ _ _                                           _    _    _    __                                 m1
>4                                       Soil Series                      Land-form                       Soil Texture                Soil Structure       Soil Permeability          Soil Drainage                   Soil pH                                    >
Top Soil         Sub-Soil                                                                                 Surface Soil   Sub-Soil                             Z
8             ~_ _                 __                            _ _         _                 ._  __                                                                                      _               >_        
38. Kho Yoi)iNakhon Panom-         low terraceftow terrace       loamrSilt        Silty clay/        moderately stable/     moderate/slow         Somewhat poorly                    7/1         5 5/5 5                           C
brown                                                        loam             loamtloam         moderately stable                            drained/poofly
39. Bang Pa-in                      Flood plain                  Clay             Clay               Stable                 Slow                  poorly drained                     6             5.5 r
40. Ratchabuni-ce                  Food Plain                    Clay             Clay               Stable                 Slw                   ooorly drained                     8             8                               m
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
41. Chinat-ca/Ratchaburisca        Flood Plain                   Silty clay/      clay loam/r         moderatety stable/    Slw/Slow              Somewhat poorly                    a             8
loamrclay       clay               stable                                       drained/Poorly
42. Kham Phang Sean                Sime-recent terrace           Silt loam        Silty clay         moderatety egable      moderata              well drained                        7             7
W   loam
43. Tha Muang-ca                   Levee                         Silty clay       loam               moderaelty stable     moderate               moderately/well                    7             7
loam                                                                            drained
44. Bang Lr3n-r                    Former tidal Flat             Clay             Ctay               Stable                Slow                   Poorly drained                     7             a
45. Karal                          Lddla teirace                 Sandy loam       Santdy loam     ; unstable               moderate               moderately well                   6 5           5 5
46. Tak*libiown                    Dissected erosion surface/    Clay             Clay               Stable                 moderate              well drained                       e            6 5
Foot hill slope                                                                                                                                             _'
-u-                                                                                     O
m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~      ~         ~         ~         ~         ~        ~         ~        ~        ~        ~        ~       ~       ~        _ _ _                                                                 co -t I
a"                                                                                                                                                                                               rn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-2
SOiL SERIES AND AREAS ALONG THE PiPELINE ROOUTic
No.                Soil Series                    Legend          Distance        Area           %
(km).        (Rai)
1.   Dan Sai                              Ds                        5.00           125         2.14
2.   Kamphaeng Sean/Kamphaeng Phet/    Ks/KpfTm                     23.00          576         9.88
Thamuang
3.   Kam Phang Sean/Kamphang Saen mod/ Ks/Ks-modlKp                  7.00          176         3.02
Khamphang Phet
4.   Korat mod                            Kt                         4.00          100          1.72
5.   KoratVSan Pa tong/Nam Phong          KtSp/Ng                    3.00           76          1.30
6.   Lat YafTha Yang                     LlTy                       6.80          170         2.92
7.   Mae Rim                              Mr                         2.80           70          1.20
8.   Mae Rim/Nam Phong                    Mr/Ng                      1.00           26         0.45
9.   Nam Phong                            Ng                         2.00           50         0.86
10.  Na Khon Pathom                       Np                         5.50          138          2.37
11.  Pak Chong                            Pc                        15.30          382          6.55
12.  Pak Chong Stony phai                 Pc-stony                   4.10          102          1.75
13.  Pak Chong/Ban ChonglThap Khwang    Pc/Bc/TW                     4.20          106          1.82
14.  Pak Chong/Takhli                     PclTk                     10.00          250          4.29
15.  Pak Chong/Hin Son                    Pc/Hs                      4.70           118         2.02
16.  Sikhio Shallow                                                 13.70          342          5.87
17.  Sung Noen                            SN                         1.70           42          0.72
18.  Takhli                               Tk                        12.90          322          5.53
19.  TakhlilTa-khli brown                 Tk/Tk-brown                6.80           170         2.92
20.  Thayang                              Ty-hig. base               4.10           102         1.75
21.  Tha Yang/Lat Ya                      Ty-hig. base/Ly            6.50           162         2.78
22.  Tha Yang/Muak Lek/Li                                            0.60            16         0.27
23.  Unname 1                             UN1                        1.30            32         0.55
24.  Unname 2                             UN2                        0.60            16         0.27
25.  Wang ChompluelTakli brown            WcfTk-BROWN                8.00          200          3.43
ENV I 0041971301TA88-2.0oC                                                                          PAGE B-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-2 (Cont'd)
No.               Soil Series                   Legend          Distance       Area          %
(km)        (Rai)
26.  Yang Talat                          Yt                       13.90         348         5.97
27.  Yant Talat M./Sanpa Thong           Yt-mod.well drained/Sp    1.50          38         0.65
28.  Escarpment                                                    0.20            6        0.10
29.  Rock land                                                     2.10          52         0.89
30.  Slope Complex                       SC                       26.30         658        11.29
31.  Deum Bang                           Db                        3.00           76         1.30
32.  Phon Phisai                         Pp                        2.40           60         1.03
33.  Pak tho                             Pt                       3.50           88         1.51
34.  Sadao UST.                          St.udtic                  2.50          62         1.06
35.  Colluvial Complex                   CC                        2.00            5        0.09
36.  Gravel Pit                          GP                        1.00           26        0.45
37.  That Phanom-c/Khao Yoi              Tp                        3.30           82        1.41
38:  Kho Yoi/Nakhon Panom-brown          Ky/Nm                     3.40          86         1.48
39.  Bang Pa-in                                                    0.60           16        0.27
40.  RatchabunFca                        Rb-ca.                    0.90          22         0.38
41,  Chainat-CARatchaburi-CA             Cn-ca/Rb-ca.              4.60          116        1.99
42.  Kham Phang Saen                     Ks                        3.70           92        1.58
43.  Tha Muang-ca                        Tm-ca                     2.00           50        0.86
44.  Bang Len-Ove.                       BI-over                   0.50           12        0.21
45.  Korat                               Kt                        0.50           12        0.21
46.  Takhli-brown                        Tk-bro.                   2.10           52        0.89
Total                                                    5,828       100.00
ENVI0047 1 30fTABB-2.DOC                                                                        PAGE B-20



z                                                                                                        TABLE  B-3                                                                                                          n
0                                                                                                                                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
FACTORS IN SOIL LOSS EQUATION
No.                       Soil Series                          K          LS       C Without    C With Project    C With Project   P Without   P With Project   P With Project                          Z
Project       and Without         and With          Project       and Without        and With
Measures          Measures                         Measures          Measutes                      >
C)
1   Dan Sai                                                 030         083          0.55                1                0.1             0.55               1                0.1                     r
2
2    Kamphaeng SearnKamphaeng Phet/Thamuang                 0.23         0 23         0.55               1                 0 1             0 55               1               01 1
3    Kam, Phang Sean/Kamphang Saen mod/Khamphang Phet       0 23        0.23          0 55                1                0 1             0.55               1               01                      m
4    Korat mod                                              0 56         0.43,        0.55               I                 01              0 55               1               01
5.   KoratlSan Pa tong/Nam Phong                             138         043          0.55                1                0.1             055                1               0.1
6.   Lat YafTha Yang                                        0.56         1.82        009                 1                 0.1             0.09               1               01
7    Mae Rim                                                0 56        1.82         0.55                1                0.1              0.55               1               0 1
8    Mae Rim/Nam Phong                                      0 96        043          0 55                1                0 1              0 55              1                0.1
9.   Nam Phong                                              0.80        0.43         0.55                1                01              0 55               1                0.1
10   Na Khon Pathom                                         018          0.18         0.28                1                01              0 28               1               01
11.  Pak Chong                                              0.14          08          0.55                1            .  0.1              0.55               1.              01
12   Pak Chong Stony phai                                    0.14         08          0 55                1                01              0 55               1               01
13   Pak Chong/Ban ChongiThap Khwang                        014           0.8         055                 1                01              055                1               01
14   Pak ChongfTakhli                                        0.14         0.8         055                 1                0.1             0 55               1               0.1
15.  Pak Chong/Hin Son                                      0.14          08          055                 1                0.1             0.55               1               01
>~ r
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Z m
w                                                                                                                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0-
co -t



z                                                                                                    TABLE  B-3  (Cont'd)                                                                                                              r
0
No.                        Soil Series                           K           LS        C Without    C With Project    C With Project    P Without   P With Project   P With Project                              z
Project       and Without           and With          Project       and Without          and With                       Z
Measures           Measures                          Measures           Measures                        C
X
F-
_     .                           .                                                                                                                              _
16.   Sikhio Shallow                                           0.56         1.28          0.55                1                 0.1              0 55                1                01 1
m
17.  Sung Noen                                                 0.36         OA3          0.55                 1                 0.1              0 55                1                01                        m
z
1B.  Takhli                                                    0.14         0.83         0.55                 1                 0.1              0 55                1                01                        m
19.  TaknliVTa-khli brown                                      0.14         0.83          0.55                1                 0.1              0 55                1                01                        2
20.  Thayang                                                   0.56         1.82          0.55                1                 0.1              0 55                1                0.1                       L
21.  Tha YanglLat Ya                                           0.56         1.82          0.55                1                 0.1              0 55                1                0.1
22.  Tha YanglMuak Lek1Ai                                      0.56         1.82          0.55                1                 0.1              0 55                1                01
23.   Unname 1                                                 0.56    I   1.82          009                 1                 0.1              0 09                1                0 1
24.  Unnzime 2                                                 0.56         1.82          0.09                                  0.1              0.09                1                0 1
25.  Wang Chomplue/Takli brown                                 0.14         0.83          0.55                1                 0.1              0.55                1                0 1
26.  Yang Talat                                                0.14         0.83          0.55                1                 01               0 55                1                01 
27.  Yant Talat M./Sanpa Thong                                 0.56         1.82          0.55                1                 0.1              0.55                1                0.1
28   Escarpment                                                                                                                                                      1                01
29.  Rock land                                                                                                                                                       1                01
30.  Slope Complex                                             1.68        17.63          0S09                1                 0 0.09                              101
11                                                                                                                                                                       ]. Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
0>
)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  -o   -
w                                                                                                                                                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xo�
M',o
UD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W-



z                                                                                                TABLE  B-3  (Cont'd)
0
No.                       Soil Series                          K          LS       C Without    C With Project    C With Project    P Without   P With Project   P With Project                        z
Project       and Without         and With          Project      and Without         and With                     Z
Measures          Measures                         Measures          Measures                     c
En
31.  Deum Bang                                               014         0.18         0.28                1                0.1             0.28               1               0.1                      :i
32   Phon Phisai                                             0 29        064          0.09                1                01              0 09               1               0.1                     C 
33.  Pak tho                                                 0.14        0.18         0.28                1                0.1             0.28              1                0.1                     m
34   Sadao UST                                               0.56        0.83         0.55                1                0.1             0.55              1                01                      0
35   Colluvial Complex                                       0.56        1.82 *       009                 1                0.1             0.09               1               01
36.  Gravel Pit
37.  That Phanom-clKhao Yoi                                  0.29        0.43         0.55          .    1                 0.1             0 55               1               0.1
38   Kho YoilNakhon Panom-brown                              0.14        018          0.28                1                01              0 28               1               0.1
39.  Bang Pa-in                                              0.14        0.18         0.28                1                0.1             0.28               1               01
40.  Ratchabunt-ca                                           0.14        018          0.28                1                0.1             0 28               1               01
41.  Chainat-CANRatchaburiCA                                 0.14        0.18         0.28                1                01              0 28               1               0.1
42   Kham Phang Saen                                         0.18        0.43         0.55                1                0.1             0 55               1               01
43   Tha Muang-ca                                            0.23        0.64         0.55                1                01              0.55               1               0 1
44.  Bang Len-Ove                                            0.18        018          0.28                1                01              028               1                01
45   Koral                                                   0.23        0.64         0.55                1                01              0 55               1               01
46.  Takhli-brown                                           014          0.83         0.55                1                01              055                1               01
m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>Zm
x0
W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c



EIA FOR YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-4
AMOUNT OF SOIL LOSSES
(Tons/Rai/Year)
Erosion (TorvRaijYear)
No.                 Soil Series                    Legend
W/O           With Project         With Project
Project          and WIO              and With
Measures             Measures
1.   Dan Sai                               Ds                          5.17              17.08                 0.17
2.   Kamphaeng SearnKamphaeng Phetl        Ks/KpWTm                     1,10             3.63.04
Thamuang
3.   Kam Phang SearVKamphang Saen modt   Ks/Ks-mod./Kp                  1.10             3.63                  0.04
Khamphang Phet
4.   Korat mod                             Kt                          500              16.52                 0.17
5.   KorattSan Pa tong#Nam Phong           KV/SPINg                    12.37            40.90                  0.41
6.   Lat Ya/Tha Yang                       Ly/Ty                       0.57             69.92                  0.70
7.   Mae Rim                               Mr                         21.15             69.92                  0.70
8.   Mae RimVNam Phong                     Mr/Ng                       8.57             28.32                  0.28
9.   Nam Phong                             Ng                          7.14             23.60                  0.24
10.   Na Khon Pathom                        Np                          0.17              2.22                  0.02
11.   Pak Chong                             Pc                          2.32              7.68                  0.08
12.   Pak Chong Stony phai                  Pc-stony                    2.32              7.68                  0.08
13.   Pak Chong!Ban Chong/Thap Khwang       P8cfBcW                     2.32              7.68                  0.08
14.   Pak ChoncJTakhli                      Pc/Tk                       2.32              7.68                  0.08
15.   Pak ChonglHin Son                     Pc/Hs                       2.32              7.68                  0.08
16.   Sikhio Shallow                                                   14.87             49.17                  0.49
17.   Sung Noen                             SN                          3.21             10.62                  0.11
18.   Takhli                                Tk                          2.41              7.97  .               0.08
19.   Takhli/Ta-khli brown                  Tk/Tk4town                  2.41              7.97                  0.08
20.   Thayang                               Ty-hig. base               21.15             69.92                  0.70
21.   Tha Yang/tat Ya                       Ty-hig. base/Ly            21.15             69.92                  0.70
22.   Tha Yang/Muak LekJLi                                             21.15             69.92                  0.70
23.   Unname 1                              UNI                         0.57             69.92                  0.70
24.   Unname 2                              UN2                         0.57             69.92                  0.70
25.   Wang Chornmpl/Tak!i brown           (WcT.B9BRJWN                  2.41              7.97                  u.08
ENV100497130/ArAB4.DOC                                                                                              PAGE B-24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX 8
TABLE B-4 (Cont'd)
(Tonxs,ai/Year)
Erosion (Ton/RaVYear)
No.                 Sail Series                      Legend
W/O           With Project          With Project
Project          and W/O               and With
Measures              Measures
26    Yang Talat                             Yt                           2.41              7.97                   0 08
27    Yant Talat MI/Sanpa Thong              YI-mod.well dra&nedeSp      21.15             69.92                   0.70
28    Escarpment                                                          0.O0              0.00                   0.00
29    Rock land                                                           0.00              0.00                   0.00
30.   Slope Complex                          SC                          16.46           2,031.82                 20.32
31.   Deum Bang                              Db                           0.14               1.73                  0.02
32.   Phon Pthisai                           Pp                           0.10              12.73                  0.13
33.   Pak tho                                Pt                           0.14               1.73                  0.02
34.   Sadao UST.                             Studtic                      9.65              31.89                  0.32
35    Colluvial Complex                      CC                           0.57             69.92                   0.70
36.   Gravei Pit                             GP                           0 nn               0.00                  0.00
37.   That Phanom-cjKhao You                 Tp                           2.59               8.55                  0.09
38.   Kho YoilNakhon Panom-brown             Ky/Nm                        0,14               1.73                  0.02
39.-  Bang Pa-in                                                          0.14               1.73                  0.02
40.   Ratchaburi-ca                          Rb-ca.                       0.14               1.73                  0.02
41.   Chainat-CAdRatchaburi-CA               Cn-ca/Rb.ca.                 0.14               1.73                  0.02
42.   Kham Phang Saen                        Ks                           1.61               5.31                  0.0Q
43    Tha Muang-ca                           Tm-ca                        3.05              10.10                 .0.10
44    Bang Len-Ove.                          81-over                      0 17               2.22                  0.02
45.   Korat                                  Ki                           3.05              1010                   0.10
46    Takhli-brown                           Tk-bro.                      2.41               7.97                  0.08
ENvoo04/97130(tABB-4Dooc                                                                                               PAGE  B-25



APPENDIX C
THE RESULTS OF FOREST INVENTORYi ,,- -



SYMBOL
PROJECT  BOUNDARY (l0Omn 
A?       LN  USPROJECT  BOUNDARY         A 2r m I
\                     fS                           S    ~~~~~~~~~~~CHANGZ,7
AMPHOE-LINE .AAC | I' POWR P 1                                                           |Ki
. LEGENO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LAND USE BOUNDAR
Al I  .RlAIEIFD PACOY FIELD                 I4At4OVIAT RAl'CI4ABURI                                    p                          H        orizonlal   Graphic Scale
Alm B. R.ATION PADY flELD                                             I
Al  .  PALO EROP                                                                                                                            ___> ___
A?  * .P00r1o orc00 ro9                                                \                                                     t   | .           tNDEX_
Fl I *   0A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O0 posEs?~~~~~Vrtcl    rphcScl
U S ,   W. LD    LA N D0 , FO R ES
All . . RRIATIO PI DOYA t r EL
I A95 GlOON                             UT     LA ERIIE AT 
Ml. IAUL *      ^E  RESOL4CE
Al     F LIELOT CRPS
_I  *      OOII AI ,S ,.            ,          ,,                               ..,.
w                                                                                                                                                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TEAM
,2*  FIGURE   E-1:   Cont'd                                                 . C;A*
trt~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~i                              ..D._UOSFAS
mF
(4 ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MT                                SMS



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                 FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-1
SOME SPECIES OF TREES WERE FOUND IN THE 31 SAMPLING PLOTS
ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE
No.           FamilyNernacular name                            Scientific name
FAMILY: ANACARDIACEAE
1      Mamuang paa I2tJiI                     Mangifera caloneura  Kurz
2      Kuk (In)                               Lannea coromandelica  Merr.
3      Rak (Fn)                               Malanorhoea glabra R.Br.
4      Mamuang (:IZ4:i                        Mangifera indica  Linn.
5      Mamue WznI,I                           Choerospondias axillaris  Burtt & Hill
FAMILY: ANNONACEAE
6      Ponyalthia                             Polyalthia sp.
7      Yaang on (Int4Iu)                      Polyalthia viridis Craib
FAMILY: APOCYNACEAE
8      Teenped (AULOlM)                       Aistonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.
FAMILY: ARALIACEAE
9      Phaknaamchang (t:nU-i3A-I)             Pseudobrassaiopsis polyacantha  Bennerjee
FAMILY: ASCLEPIADACEAE
10     Nomtamlia (Ut3jA)Lf!J                   Hoya ovalifolia W.& A.
FAMILY   BARRINGTONIACEAE
11     Chik (;n)                               Barnrigronia racemosa  Roxb.
FAMILY   BIGNONIACEAE
12     Khae (LLI                               Stereospermum  sp.
13     Phekaa (Lyfln))                         Oroxylum  indicum  Vent.
FAMILY   BOMBACACEAE
14     Ngiu paa 0-rnTh)                        Bombax anceps  Pierre
FAMILY   BURSERACEAE
15     Makoem  (I2J:n4)                        Canarium  subulatum   Guill.
FAMILY   CAPPARIDACEAE
ENV 1O4197130rrABC-1.DOC                                                                      PAGE C-1



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-1 (Cont'd)
r   No.           FamilvNVm        ar name        I niceriatifio. ridm,le
16     Kumnam  (n3ju7)                       Crateva magna  DC.
FAMILY: COMBRETACEAE
17     haen (umu)                            Terminalia glaucifolia  Craib
FAMILY   COMPOSITEA
18     Naadkhao (lU1-LoJ'1)                  Anaphalis adnata  DC.
FAMILY   DILLENIACEAE
19     Saan tk1u)                            Dillenia obovata IBI.) Hoogl.
20     Mataad (Utn1A)                        Dillenia indica  Linn.
FAMILY: DIPTEROCARPACEAE
21     Yaangna (uw)u1)                       Dipterocarpus alatus  Roxb.
22     Takhien IRtn.teu)                     Hopea sp.
23     Yaangdang (UEU14M4)                   Dipterocarpus turbinatus  Gaertn. f.
24     Yaang (t1'4)                          Dipterocarpus sp.
FAMILY   EBENACEAE
25     Diospyros                             Diospyros sp.
FAMILY   EUPHORBIACEAE
26     LoKhaao (ilorn)                       Macaranga quadicornis  Ridl.
27     Phobaai (iAlu)                        Sapium  baccatum  Roxb.
28     Pohuuchang WtI1Mn14)                  Macarranga giganta  Muell. Arg.
29     Plaoluang (LdlflrMNfll)               Croton oblongifolius  Roxb.
FAMILY: FAGACEAE
30     Ko 16)                               Lithocarpus sp.
31     Kophuang Inew'7)                      Lithocarpus tenestratus  Rehd.
32     Kophae (6IDUVIZ)                      Quercus kerrii Craib
FAMILY: FLACOURTIACEAE
33     Krabao yai                            Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre
ENVl004/97130/TrAC-l.DOC                                                                   PAGE C-2



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-1 (Cont'd)
No.              FamilyNernacular                            Scientific name
FAMILY   GRAMINEAE
34     Phai-paa (1u"l)                       Bambusa arundinacea  (Retz.) Wild.
35     Phai-bong (CUkjI:                     Bambusa natans Wall.
36     Phai-hiae IU'LJL.)                    Cephalostachyum  virgatum   Kurz
37     Phai-saang lti'DNI                    Dendrocalamus strictus I Nees
38     Phai-hok (1xhAn)                      Dendrocalamus hamiitonii Nees
39     Phai-rai lUli)                         Gigantochloa albociliata  Munro
40     Phai-pak (kUwin)                       Gigantochloa hasskartiana  Back. ex K. Heyne
FAMILY: LAURACEAE
41     Chiat ltim)                           Cinnamomum  iners  BI.
42     Cinnamomum                             Cinnamomum  sp.
43     Tonglaad (0%4uo))                     Actinodaphne henryi Gamble
FAMILY: LEGUMINOSAE
44     Kachh (T_41t)                         Millettia leucantha  Kurz
45     Kaasae (nlnmv                         Millettia atropurpurea  8enth.
46     Sabaa l*nlI)                           Entada pursaetha  DC.
FAMILY: LYTHRACEAE
47     Lagerstroemia                          Lagerstroemia sp.
48     Salao Owli)                            Lagerstroemia tomentosa  Presl
49     Tabaek (pinnin)                        Lagerstroemia cuspidata  Wall.
FAMILY   MAGNOLIACEAE
50     Champaa-paa IelU1thI                  Aromadendron elegans  Bl.
FAMILY : MALASTOMATACEAE
51     Khlong khleng (IP141Lfl4)             Melastoma polyanthum  81.
FAMILY : MELIAC_A--
52     Mayomhin l;JnUU)                      Mehosma pinnara  Walp.
53     Langsaad (flt1'),ul                   Aglaia domestica  Pelleg.
ENV100J97130TABC 1DOC                                                                     PAGE C-3



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-1 (Cont'd)
No.   I       FamilvNernacular name           I               Rcientific name
54     Maamuichaang (VI1WI4w14)               Dysoxylum  urens  Koord.&Val.
55     Khaangkhaao (Inll) .1)                Aglaia pirifera  Hance   -
56     kadlin (lITiA1u)                       Walsura trichostemon  Miq.
FAMILY: MIMOSACEAE
57     Kaangkheemot (n"14! 210)               Albizia odoratissima  Benth.
58     Albizia                                Albizia sp.
59     Chaniang (n:tZlMA)                     Archidendron jaringa  Nielsen
60     Maklamton (nlWn1iiu)                   Adenathera pavonina  Linn.
FAMILY: MORCEAE
61     Madueaplong (l3-!LpI,JfA)              Ficus hispida Linn.f.
62     Sai (lI-n)                             Ficus annulata  Bl.
FAMILY: MYRISTICACEAE
63     Maphraonokkok (1vnnQinnn)              Horsfieldia glabra  Warb.
64     Lueat raet (LflmUJ6P)                  Knema globularia Warb.
FAMILY: MYRTACEAE
65     Waa (MW')                              Eugenia cumini  Druce
FAMILY: NYSSACEAE
66     Khaangkhaak (flfwin)                   Nyssa javanica Wang
FAMILY: PAPILIONACEAE
67     Phayuung (OvAZ4)                       Dalbergia cochinchinensis  BI.
68     Ketdaeng .(0 MLLI4)                    Dalbergia dongnaiensis  Pierre
69     Cingchan (i-lt4l)                      Dalbergia oiiveri Gamble
70     Krapeeklue     l4!M)                   Dalbergia foliaceae  Wall.
71     Krachoh (,JL1)                         Millettia leucantha  Kurz
72     Ket (CU P)                             Dalbergia sp.
73     Thonglaangpaa (neDufll4ft )            Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.
74     Peechan (ilu)                          Dalbergia cana Grah.
ENV1 004971301TABC1.DC                                                                       PAGE C-4



EIA OF YAOANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-1 (Cont'd)
No.           FamilyNernacular name                          Scientific name
FAMILY   PROTEACEAE
75     Polaai lLlriuLJ      1l               Grewia elatostemoides  Coll. et Hemsl
76     Po (1J9)                              Grewia sp.
77     Grewia                                Grewia sp.
FAMILY   PALMAE
78     Taoraang (uii1f14                     Caryota urens  Linn.
FAMILY   RUTACEAE
79     Hatsakhun (Iff)ru)                    Micromelum  minutum  Wight & Am.
I~~~~
FAMILY: RUBIACEAE
80     Krathum  (nfnlj)                      Mitragyna sp.
81     Khaengkwaang (Aii42lTl)               Wendlandia tinctoria A.DC.
82     Khempaa (LiIl)                        Pavetta wallichiana  Steud.
83     Khatkhao (flt0 )1)                    Randia parvula  Ridl.
FAMILY: SONNERATIACEAE
84     Lamphuupaa (fii1thl                   Duabanga grandiflora IRoxb. ex DC.) Waip.
FAMILY: STERCULIACEAE
85     Lampaang  l1214)Pterospermum  diversifolium  81.
86     Poeekeng l,eLni)                       Pterocymbium  javanicum  R.Br.
87     Kanaanpling (nIMUl1UlJi;)             Pterospermum  acerifolium  Wild.
88     Potuupfaai liJQudhil)                  Sterculia omata Wall.
FAMILY   SAPINDACEAE
89     Lamyaipa (il1U1)                      Paranephelium  longifoliolatum  Lec.
90     Kholaen ('vLsUM)                      Xerospermum  intermedium   Radlk.
91     Lacnyai lf1Th)                        Dimocarpus longan Merr.
92     Takhro (01ZP)7                         Schleichera oleosa  (Lour.) Oken
ENV1004/97130/TABC.1IDOC                                                                   PAGE C-5



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                 FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-1 (Cont'd)
{   N0    I   FamilyNeac;ular nid   ame                        Scientific name
FAMILY: SYMPLOCACEAE
93     Mueatdong  WAlImtpw)                    Symplocos ferrugtnea  Roxb.
FAMILY: SIMAROUBACEAE
94     Mayompaa (W-Uj1I)                       Ailanthus triphysa  (Dennst.) Alston
FAMILY: STAPHYLEACEAE
95     Muanggom  WIil3'T:j)                    Turpinia cochinchinensis  Merr.
FAMILY   TILIACEAE
96     Colona                                  Colona sp.
FAMILY   THEACEAE
97     Thalo (2  91 u.V-si-)                   Schima wallichii Korth
FAMILY: ULMACEAE
98     Mahaat (34:U'1P)                        Celtis tetradra  Roxb.
99     Luupleep (IliluI                        Ulmus lancifolia  Roxb.
FAMILY   VERBENACEAE
100    Phaasian I.titlU)                       Vitex canescens  Kurz
101    So 4(a)                                 Gmelina arborea  Roxb.
FAMILY   XANTHOPHYLLACEAE
102     Khaangkhaao (!r9IT'fl)                 Xanthophyllum  virens  Roxb.
FAMILY: ZINGIBERACEAE
103    Ammum                                   Amomum  sp.
104     Khaaling Hli-f)                        Alpinia conchigera  Griff.
ENV1004/97130/TABC-1 DOC   .                                                                  PAGE C-6



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-2
TREES DENSi i- OF 31 SAMPLING  PLOT
No.        Vernacular name                       Scientific name                       FAMILY            Tree No. Tree/ha
1  Krathum (nl5:1j)                 Mit1ragyna spp.                                  RUBIACEAE              6      1 .9355
2  Khaangkhaak IM1f13N              NVss javanica Wang                              NYSSACEAE               1      0 3226
3  Lamphuupaa(lin'T11l             Duabanga grandifbora lRoxb.ex DC.) walp.      SONNERATIACEAE            3      0 9677
4  Po (iJI)                         Gewia spp.                                      PROTIACEAE              9      2 9032
5  Madueaplong (=Mt1j;fl)4I         Ficus hispida Unn.i                              MORCEAE                1      0.3226
6  Ketdaeng (inmum4)                Dalbergia dongaiensis Pierre            .      PAPILIONACEAE            1      0.3226
7  OTHiLagers.)                     Lagerstroemia spp.                              LYTHRACEAE              2      0 6452
8  Kaangkneemot (ml11141i011)       Albizia odoratissima Benth.                     MINOSACEAE              1      0.3226
9  Mamuangpaa iu_u14t'l             Mangifera caloneuma  Kurz                     ANACARDIACEAE             1      0.3226
10 Polaai (jI)AID)                 Gewia elatosteroides Coil.et Hemsl               PROTIACEAE             3       0.9677
11 Salao (01141                     Lagerstroemia tomrentosa Presl                  LYTHRACEAE              2       0.6452
12 Lampaang IfilNi4)                Pterrospermur  diversiolium  Bl.               STERCULIACEAE            1       0.3226
13 Lokhaan IRe11)                   Macaranga quadicomis  RidI.                    EUPHORBIACEAE            2       0.6452
14 Phobaas (tI.J'1                  Sapium  baccatum  Roxb.                        EUPHORBIACEAE            8       2.5806
15 OTH                                                                                    .                35      11.2903
16 Huuchaang (!il14I                Fiamiana colorata R.Br.                        EUPHORBIACEAE            1       0.3226
17 Lamyaipaa lie5*luib)             Paranephelium  longifpliolatum  Lec.            SAPINDACEAE             7       2.2581
18 Ko (rin)                         Lithocarpus spp.  .                               FAGACEAE              5       1.6129
19 Koplong (arA11i4)                Lithocarpus spp.                                  FAGACEAE              31     10.0000
20 Yaangnaa (Ul4U1)                 Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb.                   DIPTEROCARPACEAE           2       0.6452
21 Thalo WMlfl)                     Schtma wallichir Kurth                            THEACEAE              11      3.5484
22 Khaangkhaao rl4viql)              Xanthophyllum  virens Roxb.                 XANTHOPHYLLACEAE           5       1.6129
23 Takhien (WIMAuU                 Hopea spp.                                   DIPTEROCARPACEAE            1      0.3226
24 Makeum I1_Lnl1j1                  Canarium  subulatum  Guill.                    BURSERACEAE             2       0.6452
25 Kophae ItribLLWA.)               Lithocarpus spp.                                  FAGACEAE               1      0.3226
26 Yomhin (UlJUUi                   Meioma pinnata Watp.                             MELIACEAE               1      0.3226
27 KhaengGoung Iut41lTn)4           Wendlandia tincroria A.DC                        RUBIACEAE              1       0.3226
28 Yaang,Yaangnaa tt14,Ntl4U)       Dipterocarpus abtus Roxb.                    DIPTEROCARPACEAE           23      7 4194
29 Chiat lIAi)                      Cinnamomum  iners Bl.                            LAURACEAE              5       1.6129
30 Cinnamomum                       Cinnamomum spp.                                  LAURACEAE               1      0.3226
31 Muetdong (  I)tlA tA1            Symplocos ferruginea Roxb.                     SYMPLOCACEAE              1      0.3226
32 Thongfaangpaa vivneufl141h       Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.            PAPIL(ONACEAE            3       0.9677
33 Sal CiAT)                        Ficus annulara B                                 MORCEAE                1      0.3226
3' Ch,k ;nl)                        Barrmgtonia  racemosa  Roxb.                 BARRINGTONIACEAE           2       0.6452
Waa  MnY .                       Eugema cumn (L.I Druce                           MYTRACEAE              9      29032
36 Phaasian (rlinu)                Vitex canescens Kurz                            VERBENACEAE              1      0.3226
ENV100437130TABC.2,OOC                                                                                          PAGE C-7



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-2 (Cont'd)
No.           Local name                           Scientific name                       FAMILY            Tree No. Tree,ha
37 Maphraaonokkok Wzz1'nleunnn)    Horsfeldia gbabra  Warb.                         MYRISTICACEAE                    0 3226
38 Tonglaat (l9It4fIl)I              Acrinodaphne henryi Gamble                       LAURACEAE               2      0 6452
39 Krachoh   1:tiZ)                  MilleOia leucantha Kurz                         PAPILIONACEAE           12      3 8710
40 Teenped I'ULfln)                  Alstonia scholans (L.) R.Br.                    APOCYNACEAE              1      0.3226
41 San lalu.J.*lUd)                  Dallinia obovate (BI.) Hoogl,                   DILLENIACEAE             4       1.2903
42 Tabaek In:atJ)n                   Lagerstroernia cuspidata Wall.                   LYTHRACEAE              7      2.2581
43 Kaasae (nrltIZ-)                 Millettia atropurpurea Benth.                  LEGUMINACEAE              2      0 6452
44 Langsaadpaa (Ml1f41111i)          Aglaia pirifera  Hance                            MELIACEAE              1      0 3226
45 Saba ltql)                        Entada pursae,tha  DC.                          MIMOSACEAE               1      0.3226
46 Yornpaa (If]t1,YZ3EJJl          Ailanthus triphysaiDennstJ Alston              SIMAROUBACEAE             2      0.6452
47 Champaapaa ttIJdIJI)              Aromadendron lelepans  Bl.                     MAGNOLIACEAE              2      0.6452
48 Diospyros                         Diospyros spp.                                   EBENACEAE               3      0.9677
49 Kholaen (rtnLLeU)                 Xerospemrnum  intetmedium  Radik.               SAPINDACEAE              5       1.6129
50 So (ie)                           Gne/ina aborea  Roxb.                           VER8ENACEAE              4      1.2903
51 Mamue l(ZYe)                      Choerospondias axilaris  Burtt &*Hill          ANACARDIACEAE             2      0.6452
52 Tebia                                                                                                      1      0.3226
53 Abizzia                           Abizzia spp.                                    MIMOSACEAE               4      1.2903
54 Krabao  yaV (ns, IlJ)             HydnocarPcs antheiminthicus Pierre             FLACOURTIACEAE            1      0.3226
55 Potyalthia                        Polyafhia spp.                                  ANNONACEAE               5      1.6129
56 Kuk *n)                           Lannea corwmandelica Merr.                      ANNONACEAE               1      0.3226
57 Chingchann(i4fu                   Dalbergia olivem  Gamble                       PAPILIONACEAE             2      0.6452
58 Kha,e (lU)                        Stereospermum spp.                              BIGNONIACEAE             1      0.3226
59 Yaang on (t.ltfl4u)               Polyaithi  uridis  Craib.                       ANNONACEAE               1      0.3226
60 Mahaat (WJZ1I)                    Cehis tetranda Roxb.                              ULMACEAE               3      0.9677
61 Po eekeng WIEem4)                Pterocymbium javanicum  R.Br.                  STERCUUACEAE              1      0.3226
62 Lueat raet liflenuLL5             Knema giolana  Warb.                           MYRISTICACEAE             1      0.3226
63 Kumnam *lrju1)                    Crateva magna  DC.                             CAPPARIDACEAE             1      0.3226
64 Yaangdaeng (J14 M4)               Dipterwarpus turbinatus Gaeth                 DIPTEROCARPACEAE           6      1.9355
65 Mataad (=Y114)                    Dillenia indica                                 DILLENIACEAE             3      0.9677
66 Ammomum                           Amnmomum  sp.                                  ZINGIBURACEAE             1      0.3226
67 Kanaanpling (nfzmutuil.4)         Pterospermum  acerifolium  Criab               STERCULIACEAE             1      0.3226
68 Katlin (61fflull                  Walsura trichostemon Miq.                         MELIACEAE              1      0.3226
Total                                                      23      8.
LII
Average/Ha .88.065
ENV00aRa7130frABC-2.O0C                                                                                             PAGE C-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-3
SAPLING DENSITY OF 31 SAMPLING PLOT
No.            Local name                         Scientific name                      FAMILY          Tree no.  Average/ha
I     Kangkhak (11II               Nyssa Javanica (St.) Craz                  NYSSACEAE                   1           i2.90
2     Lokhao 11V'V1.7VTU)          Macarranga tanarnua (LI Muefl.Arg           EUPHOBIACEAE               3          38.71
3     Kumnam (rpu l(               Crateva magna DC.                           CAPPARIDACEAE              1          12.90
4     Salao (L6Tl                  Lagerstroemia romenrosa  Presi              LYTHRACEAE                 3          38.71
5     Mamoung  iiS4)               Mangitera mndica Linn                       ANACARDIACEAE              1          12.90
6     Thakien (iFtUI)              Hopea  spp.                                 DIPTEROCARPACEAE           4          51 61
7     Moungkom  Nwefw)             Turpinia Cocnhnch,nensis 8B.                STAPHYLEACEAE              1          12.90
8     Po (1J)                      Grewia spp.                                 PROTEACEAE                 5          64.52
9     Ploalung                     Croton spp.                                 EUPHOBIACEAE               1          12.90
10    Jik (;n)                      Barrjngwnia cocciea  Kostel                BARRINGTONIACEAE           2          25.81
11    Nhad ('U1UN)                  Anapha;is adnata DC.                       COMPOSITEA                 4          51.61
12    Lumpang Iti1t1.2)             Pterospemmum  diversirfolum  St.           STERCULIACEAE              2          25.81
13    OTHILagers.i                  Lagerstroemia spp.                         LYTHRACEAE                  i          i2.90
14    Lumpang alThUi1               Paranephelium  longifololatum  Lac.        SAPINDACEAE                2          25.81
15    OTH                                                                                                 22         283.87
16    San ii11n)                    Dallinia obovata  JBLLhoogi.               DILLENIACEAE               1          12.90
17    Khoplong ( flfl-si)           Lithocarpus spp.                           FAGACEAE                    6         77.42
18    Yang (uV41                    Dipterocarpus spp.                         DIPTEROCARPACEAE            3         38.71
19    Yangna (514141                Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb.                 DIPTEROCARPACEAE            1          12.90
20    KhlongKhleng (LIMS4144)       Melastoma polyanthum  Bl                    MELASTOMATACEAE            8         103.23
21    Luupleep (flJflJ1             Ulmus bancifoha Roxb                        ULMACEAE                   1          12.90
22    Thalo (an:)                   Schima wallichii Kurth                 .   THEACEAE                    4          51.61
23    Dyospyros                     Dyospyros sp.                               EBENACEAE                  1          12.90
24    Chied AtJti)                  Cmnnamomum  ners B                         LAURACEAE                  1          12.90
25    Khiangguang ILi4fnl14)        Wendiand,a tinctoria                        RUBIACEAE                  1          12.90
26    Malad WuIri0)                 Diliennia indica  Linn                      DILLENIACEAE               1          12.90
27    Maduepiong (l4:LneJfle4l      Ficus hispica Linni.                        MORCEAE                    7          90.32
28    Langsacpa (fI361a1.-i)        Aglaa pinreria  Hance                       MELIACEAE                  2          25.81
29    Mamue 74'-.r)                 Choerospond,as axiilaris  Eurn & Hill       ANACARDIACEAE              3          38.71
30    Paknamcrnang Iu   t4          Pseudobrassaloois poJyaca t5a  Bennergee    ARALIACEAE                 1          12.90
ENv0ooLs713orrAec.3.DOC                                                                                                PAGE  C-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-3 (Cont'd)
No.            Local name                       Scientific name                     FAMILY          Tree no.  Average/ha
31    Kolan lIM6ufuI              Xerospermum  jnremedium  Radlk.            SAPINDACEAE               5         654 52
32    Sae MlT)                    MilletIa leucantha  Kurtz                  PAPILIONACEAE             1         1290
33    Haen (LLuu)                  Terminalia glaucdolia Craib               COMBRETACEAE              1         12 90
34    Tabake plWfln)              Lagerstroemia cuspidara Wall.             LYTHRACEAE                 3         38.71
35    Polai (JflflJu)             Grewia elatostemoides Coll.et Hemsl.      PROTEACEAE                 6         77 42
36    Abizzia                     Abazea spp.                               MIMOSACEAE                 8         103 23
37    Nieng fltE14,111LMCI)       Archidendron jannga  Nielsen              MIMOSACEAE                 4         51.61
38    Kedklue (LAAgtr l           Dalbergia sp.                             PAPILIONACEAE              5         64.52
39    Mhamuichang l�41j1JtV4)    Dysoxylum  urens koord. & Val.             MEUACEAE                   2         25.81
40    Polyothia                    Pofalthia sp.                            ANNONACEAE                 4         51.61
41    Nguew 01)                    Bombax anceps Pierre                      BOMBACACEAE               1         12.90
42    Kalao ltLiL-)               Milhettra leucantha  Kurz                  LEGUMINOCEAE              2         25.81
43    Tongbad WtMllf. )           Actmiodaphne honryi Gamble    *           LAURACEAE                  1         12.90
44    Kook Itfn)                   Lannea coroffandelica  Benth.            VERBENACEAE                1         12.90
45    Lak ltn)                    Mabanorrhoea gLabra  R.Br.                ANACARDIACEAE              1         12.90
46    Hwa luiAIWUmi.)            Eugenia spp.                              MYRTACEAE                  5         64.52
47    Lumyai (illht)               Dimnrpus longan  Lout.                   SAPINDACEAE                1         12.90
48    Tamlea (-11tUl)              Hoya ovalitolia W. & A.                  ASCLEPIADACEAE             1         12.90
49    Pokheanthao fiJLVuwnIwN     Grewia elarostemoides Coll.et Hemsi.       TROTEACEAE                1         12.90
50    So 41)l                      Gmelina arborea Roxb.                    VERBENACEAE                1         12.90
51    Pofai nJ8e1tj)               Enrobena candolei Wall.                   STERCULIACEAE             2         25.81
52    Pheka itnfl)                Oroxylum  indicum  Vent.                   BIGNONIACEAE              2         25.81
53    Makho IlN--t                Schleichera oleosa  (Lour.) Oken           SAPINDACEAE               1         12.90
Total                                                              153       1,974.19
Average/ha                                           .1,974.19
ENV100Q97130TrA8c-3.D0c                                                                                          PAGE C-10



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-4
SEEDLiNG uENSi T  OF 31 SAIVPLiNC PLOT
No.            Local name                       Scientific name                     FAMILY          Tree No   Average/na.
1     Mamoungpa (1-1J'N)          Mangifera caloneura  Kurz                    ANACARDtACEAE           2         161290
2     Tak,en !L--1JUU              Hopea spp.                                DIPTEROCARPACEAE          1          80 645
3     Po (hiS)                     Grewia spp.                                 STERCULIACEAE           6         483 871
4     Lumpang hs1il1h             Pterosperrnum dversifoium  fi                STERClIJ.IAlEAE         2         161 290
5     Nad (1AU1t)                 Ariaphatis adnata  DC                         COMPOSITEA             1          80 645
6     San (414(                   Dalilnia coovara (Bl) Hoogl                   DILLENIACEAE           5         403.226
7     Saao (Ifl"l)  .             Lagerstroem,a tomentosa  Presl                 LYTHRACEAE            1          80 645
8     OTH                                              .                                              18         1451.613
9     J,k (fln                     Barnngtonia cocc,nea Kosiel               BARRINGTANIACEAE          3         241.935
10    Pega Iltnhl                  Oroxyum  indicurW  Vent                      BIGNONIACEAE           1          80.645
11    Kho (fil)                    Lithocarpus spp.                               FAGACEAE             14        1129.032
12    Yang 0u-I1                   Dipterocarpus spp.                         DIPTEROCARPACEAE         2          161.290
13    Kangkhimod (fl17ciPt         Albizia odoratssisma  benlh.                 MOMOSACEAE             11         8?.09?
14    Krapechan (n-nwt'i           Dalbergia cana Grah.                         PAPILIONACEAE          3          241.935
15    Payong lYmzq41               Dalbergra cochinchinensis Bi.                PAPILIONACEAE          1          80.645
16    Lookteab (ftnfi)             Ulmus lancdoha  Rqxb.                          ULMACEAE             1          80645
17    Thalo (M12tf)                Schima wallhchii Kurth                         THEACEAE              1         80645
18    Phobay (IEnJnti)             Sap'um  baccatum  Roxb                      EUPHORBIACEAE            1         80.645
19    Madoueplong h24=Lt1jhae4    Ficus hispida  Lnn.f                            MORCEAE              5          403.226
20    Kheangguang (MuiAnr1ah       Wendandia rmnctorna                            RUBIACEAE             2         161.290
21    Ked (wrt)                    Dalbergia spp                                PAPILIONACEAE           2         161.290
22    Khempa l&iJ1jlln1j.-1Jl      Pavetta wahichrana  Stend.                     RUBIACEAE            11         837.097
23    Lo (Te5JTr)                  Macarranoa tanarrus (L.) Muell Agr           EUPHORBiACEAE           2         161 290
24    Husakhun (uleU)              Mcromelum  m,nuum  Wighi & Am                  RUTACEAE              1          80.645
25    Sae wunzh                    Millett;a leucantna  Kurz                    LEGUMINOCEAE            4         322.581
26    Kananplbng (nfrLzX11ojtN)    Perospermum  acerifolium  Craib             SrERCULIACEAE           1          80,645
27    Maklumlon 8hnRfl9rriu)       Adenarnera pavor.,ca  Linn                    MIMOSACEAE             1          80.645
28    Polai (hIIDlWlI)             Grewia elatosremo,des Coll et Hems            PROTEACEAE             3         241.935
29    Lai (fl fI                                                                 PROTEACEAE             6         483 871
30    Kedkhlue  IAFlt                 teg.3 lo 3;eae   Wa:                      PAPILIONACEAE           2         161 290
ENVIOO4I971301TASC.4.DOC                                                                                          PAGE C-11



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-4 (Cont'd)
No.            Local name                       Scientific name                     FAMILY          Tree No. Average/ha.
31    Grewia                       Grewia spp.                                   PROTEACEAE             1         80 645
32    Paknamchang Cl,nMU11Ui1.    Peudobrassa,opsis pooacantta Bennergee         ARALIACEAE            3         241.935
33    Khaling Nii4)                Alpinia conchigera  Grriff.                  ZINGIBERACEAE           1         80.645
34    Taolang l441*4)              Caryota urens Lnn.                              PALMEAE             2          161 290
35    Khajo (T--An-)               Millettia leucantha  Kurt                       PALMEAE             6         483.871
36    Khae IUP)                    Stereospemmum  spp.                          BIGNONIACEAE           1          80.645
37    Teenped fiiuJfl)             Alstonia scholaris  (L.) R.Br.               APOCYNACEAE            1          80.645
38    Khangcaw (r14Pt')            Aglaia pinfera  Hance                          MELIACEAE             1         80.645.
39    Potoobfai (dOet11UI)         Erbolaena candodei Wall.                     STERCULIACEAE          6         483.871
40    Polyothia                    Potyathia sp.                                 ANNONACEAE             1         80.645
41    KhadKhoa l(MLA1)             Randia parvular Ridl.                          RUBIACEAE            2          161.290
Total                                                     139        11,209.68
Average/Ha.                                                             11,209.68
ENV1004,V713DfrAaC4.D0C                                                                                           PAGE C-12



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-5
TREE VOLUME CLASSIFIED FROM TIMBER QUALITY
(31 SAMPLING PLOTS)
Plot                   TIMBER  QUALITY                             TOTAL        Average
No.       1.1         1.2        1.3         2           3        (Cu. m)    (Cu.m/ha.)
1       0.000       0.000      2.074      0.041       0.340       2.455         0.792
2       5.205       0.000      0.000      0.000       0.053       5.258         1.696
3       0.000       0.000      0.000      0.000       0.524       0.524         0.169
4       0.284       1.980      1.568       0.000      0.000       3.832         1.236
5       3.796       1.915      0.879      0.569       0.253       7.412         2.391
6       0.000       0.284      1.743       0.452      0.812       3.291         1.062
7       0.000       0.000      1.087      0.216       0.325       1.628         0.525
8       0.000       0.000      0.244       0.186      0.527       0.957         0.309
9       0.000       0.000      2.092       0.156      0.412       2.660         0.858
10       0.000      0.000      0.000       0.012      0.290        0.302        0.097
11       0.000      0.000       0.000      0.022      0.264        0.286        0.092
12       0.000      0.000       0.000      0.000      0.052        0.052        0.017
13       0.478      0.000       0.535      0.000      0.145        1.158        0.374
14       4.781      1.225       3.600      0.056      0.000        9.662        3.117
15       4.162      2.316       0.000      0.000      0.000        6.478        2.090
16       3.782      1.777      3.221       0.052      0.156        8.988        2.899
17       0.861      3.117       0.335      0.000      0.000        4.313         1.391
18       5.487      4.214       0.000      0.052      0.502        10.255       3.308
19       1.035      1.757       0.000      0.000      0.056        2.848        0.919
20       3.817      1 649       0.434      0.598       0.171       6.669   .    2.151
ENV 1004/97 30/TABC-$.DOC                                                             PAGE C-13



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX C
TABLE C-5 (Cont'd)
Plot                  TIMBER  QUALTY                             TOTAA L      A
No.       1.1        1.2        1.3         2          3        (Cu. m)    (Cu.m/ha)
21      23.963      1.129      0.720      0.599      0.032       26.443       8.530
22       8.133      1.131      0.000      0.000      0.064       9.328        3.009
23      26.360      0.244      0.000      0.364      0.659       27.627       8.912
24       0.747      1.356      1.410      0.052      0.052       3.617         1.167
25       5.051      0.728      0.000      0.407      0.044       6.230        2.010
26       4.524      0.284      0.000      0.032      0.208       5.048        1.628
27       5.205     18.686      0.000      0.642      0.000       24.533       7.914
28       2.127      3.156      0.000      0.056      0.000       5.339        1.722
29       3.076      0.596      0.000      0.041      0.000       3.713        1.198
30       0.000      8.300      0.000      0.239      0.093       8.632        2.785
31      21.891     21.888      0.000      0.000      0.000       43.779       14.122
TOTAL    135.865     78.932     21.242      6.844      9.034      251.917       81.264
AVERAGE   43.827       25.462     6.852      2.208      2.914       81 .263
Remark  1) Timber Quality No.1.1 and 1.2 defined as 1st class.
2) Timber Quality No.2 defined as 2nd class.
3) Timber Quality No.1.3 and 3 defined as 3rd class.
ENV10047130/TABC-S.DC                                                               PAGE C-14



TABLE C-6                                                                                         m
BAMBOO DENSITY OF 31 SAMPLING PLOT                                                                                          >
z
z
No.        Local name                     Scientific name                     No. of       No./Clumb    Total of            Average/Ha.        Diameter
C lumb                         No.         Clumb        No.        (cm)
m
mz
1     Phai-saang (hUla.)  Dendrocalamus strictus   Nees                         1             5              5           0.32        1.61         3                  z
2     Phai-paa (ula1)      Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Wild                     7             12             84          2.26       27.10         7
3     Phai-hok (thThn)     Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees                       11             15            165          3 55       53.23         8
4     Phai-rai (IUlCl      Giantochloa albociliata  Munro                      14             9             126          4.52       40.65         2
5     Phai-phaak (lkJnl)  Giantochloa hasskarliana  Back. ex K.Heyne           81             13            1053         26.13      339.68        8
6     Phai-hiae (UtFJtl)   Cephalosthacyum  verigatum   Kurz                    7             12            84           2.26       27.10         3
7     Phai-bong (UW)       Bambusa natans  Wall.                               8              9             72           2.58       23.23        11
Total                                                                 129            12            1589         41.61      512.58
Average/Ha.                                                    41.61290323          12       512.5806452         .                     _ -
> zD
m                                                                                                                                       x �~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z
C)
>                                                                                                                                       M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
U,Z 



APPENDIX D
T
T"E               %~   ~      Ill  ~%I11  *~3 IA?.1 Irl t1.I%
THE REULI-b Ut- WVILDLIFE1 II'VEPIN J1T



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FNLRPR
APPENDIX D
C. -
Lu      -3
0
Z        .2
4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
0   a~~~~~~~~~~~ 
C-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~PG    -
ENloo 73--A0-.0



TABLE  D-i  ICont'd)                                                                                                                                              >
2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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N..       F-mily/Cmm-  N.sm                        Scifnific N..o                         Disl6b.tio.                         Abund.c.                     WARPA SMDUS               Pr*eenl Slat.$          Imp.;t A.ss.o.-of                                         Z
TSh T  Kh  S:  St   V   c U    R   R   P                                                  NP   I T    E   0_
Fvanay E8aballo.ad. a
1_     9lkCbba.dsd lanb bal           TlpN.a,  a.aljaaaaoon                                x                                                                                                                                                                          C
11    Lmog-wagad Scwb bat             Tophataa Ianfnwou                                            a                                  x                                                                                                                               >
14    Thobald' bat                    raphozo    tha blc                                           a        la                                                                    x                                                                                    >
Fan.ly C,asowyctoWit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             '
_      ________ .                                                                     _  _                               _  __  _ _  _  ___  _                                                                            _-
IS    Hognasad bat                    Caaawyclis baIhryxopu                                                                                                                            x                                                                              rm
m
Faly Mogadala.d_                                                                                                                                                                                       __a1
is    Losswl his v mys bXI            M.Padef,,le  WsxaI D                                                                                                                                                   I xxxx
17    Gaalal, fal.   pma  ba          MOSdanri         *T                                  x                I a                                                  I a      *       a                 *
Faay RAholphd..
l      Csaalt ho. sho baabit          Rhindoohuaa co*6p*hAPx a                                             (it                                     x                                                         x               _
19    Paws's hamosho. bet             Rhinwaph.s p.aaoni                                  x                1        _                 x                         x a
20     Blyth's haseshabt l            Rhiaolophaaadaa                             a x                      I         _                x                          x      _ a
21     Mably n hwmatshOb bxl          Ahkr~.s pI,,mnxyfna                                  a               1         _ay     x                                   a                a                          a X
22     Hwrssho.bal bitaal phu  DO.                                                                 a       (a1                a _                                                 a                          a
23     Thaws's hNwsshme bal           Rhwaklahus thaaaa                                    a X     .                          a                                  a                 a .  .
Fxnaly HlltsWa,Kdx
2d     B.calaa,d 1.dfasad bal         HWaaida  ka oiSla,                          a                x        a                         x         -                a                 a
25     Sha..d-lacd alaeaaad bat       H            Vparea /o a                             a                                           a x                      _                                                              _
26    H      n,,,alaa  .alalat  bat   HAPpo,daoa  m.n                                      a       a        lal               a                                  a                a                          a       -
Ramar    111 Dlambura                                    121    Aba,dace                            131    WARPA Slat.                                  141     Pasm Smal,                              15N  ln,Payl Amsanl
Th  a  Thong Yt Nwaasava                        V  a Vary canvon                            R  * Rtarvaadsp-c                                    I . Indalalnala  acat                        0  .  AMlala
W'dd-I SanctlY                           C . Coan                                    P        . PrOvl*d-aloa'                             I *.-I  T l     a a                          a a A I-Ja
Kh  .Xhwos.a Naonal Pok                         U     a Uncomon                             NP . Novolcaed specas                                f . Endaryr-d spac. D-a                               . I .. ,>    2
So    SXIYok NaonWl P                           Ak  R    R.r*                                                                                                                                                                                        -    r
>5 St                                        S&*  .'l                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Z      Mn
m                                                 SX     f hud on ala                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   5 x   �
DC)   l.aS.ta.d to hld on aa                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0 t
IJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
I   Z
.1E~~~~~~~~~~~~
E@ foOX97tn0trA50t.00C ........... ~PAGE D-3



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                 FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
rii ID  -I      -, IIT 11    1             T11 f 11TF1i1 1
ENV1004/97130IrABD*l.OC                                                       PAGE D-4



TABLE  D-1   Cni'd)                                                                                                                                                     m
Mar,rar,                                     tD
0
No         F-ailylComn-   Nea.                        SO,otlic N.a.e                           Dittib.tion                          Ab..d-ne                      WARPA St.to.                P--tea   Stat.a          ,,paet As--ssamse                                          z
Th      Kh        S.       Si        V        c        U        R        R         P       NP        I        T        E                                                                   >
0                                                 _  _  _  _  _ _  _  _  _  _  _                                                                   _
E7      Small Aslo  marooa.             H,e,Ptart   j-oDOiCu-                                                     x     _ _                                                                                                    _                                                 t_
rF-ly Feoal _s-
sR      Golden ctm                      C jtopuo  lteo-rkIa                                                                                                    - x  _  X                                                                _                                        tj)
93      Jungls oal                      fell cho a/                                                                        _ _                                                                              _                                                                    tT
t]       L,eoPid cml                    nrraar 'urna bangalanua                       a        a         a        a                 a        x                                       -       -                           -               .                                       m
62       Cluodd l1opald                Nteo)el.,  ,ebulos                            a        =                                                      a                  a =  =  _
63       LeoPard  Pan-tr.               Paa fhr5 p-Wrdue                              a                 a         a                                                                                                                                                                t
r 0       grF                            Paot'rara 1,us                               a        a                 _      _ _                 _                           _                  -                                                                                     t
65       Marblr  oal                    P.dot.hltarto.t                               N                                 _                             a        a
rtor,ty Elaph-trotSae
66      AS-t elephanl                   E.phtas  -..e-uS                              a        a        a         a        *                 a                           a                                   a
I 001,1  lopo.ltaa                                                                                                    __                                                       
67       Malaron  apta                  TopoNa mnad                                   a                  a        a                                            x a                                                                      _
_    Fordly RrlOCoOaaada                                                                                                  __                                                              _            
68       Lasle' an. harned (tanactas   RalaccarenP  aoodacua                          a_ -                                                                                                          _ a  a                         
69       gaSn LOa-hO-nd ft-unoetel       Orrlormnus surareosa                         x                                 _                                      a_a                                                    a
Remark    1l1  Dslrbulan                                     121    Abundancs                            03     WARPA Status Wm                                         Prsaant Star0,                           5I  Italot Asal.,e--
th  .  Throa  Y., )susn                           V . Vety commao                                R    A Ase-al sp-e,s                                   I    ldert'mrar  ara-                         0  .  Adftctiat
VIdlile Sanc-ty                           C .  Common                                    p   . PrtaOctod sp ,  Is                               T    Th-earso  spa aa                             . Ad-eo.t -o.a
Kh      Kh.s aIm Na.tanel Prk                     U:  Uncommon                                   NP . Nonre otted speS                                  6E   Endrr-gud art as                           . 0.a1aan.sn-s
Sa  . Sn Yok Naronal Por t                            = RB,.
St  . S'dyo ale 
X      f. OuOd o  1tl                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          t
C)                                                     Si  *aIXI. p$U-d To tnd oa, s.t                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Z      D
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Z  �n
0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-



m    �                                                                                                                                          TABILE  D-1 7Conitd)
B    ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~    ~           ~           ~           ~           ~          ~           ~          ~          ~          ~          ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~    ~~~~~~~0
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8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1                                                                                                               2 |3                                                                     -4  (51.1.                                    tD,
No.        Family/Common N.m.                       ScientiliC Nam-                          Dsutribution                        Abu,darrc.                    WARPA Statue               Ptaaarrt Status         Inipac  A ....nra-- t
Ob_                                                                                                                          Th       Kit<h    S.       S         V        C        U   |        T   t         P       NP        I        I T   |
0                                                                                  ___________�_-
=  Fami :                                 S;wov:_                                               _                                   _ __                                _         _ __    7 7����___                                                                            >
77    La., hA.,                                                                      _       =                                                                 -              = -=                      =        =         =) _m
_F.IY Conads.                                                                                                                            _ 
72      Sab  daar                      C/.mUAJ                                      a        a        a        a                                   a                 a =  =                                                         a ._
73      Hog da.t                       4"  pro,ru-                                  a       =                                                                        a =                                 a        a _
74      tUtks dwu                      Muotnos  -untat                              a                          t                                                                                                                     .                                       taD
76      Fesat Iy wo                     Munt,a(cv   '                                                a      -  _                                           a                                            a           -              _
Fa-rrly Bdor..
76      G-                             Bow  pcuns                                   a        a                 a
77      Bantang                        Boa jorrcua                                                    a                                            a                                                                             _
78     Sarthan soaiw                   NfntvorAds Sunraanr,sa                       a        a        a        a       _        _         a                 a _        _
Faa,,y Scrndaa,
79      Bmsgtqrl        Rtt t. nc squorol a=W                                                a _               aa
BO      Pa.l/ca aStoria                Caflacoit,     uosJ"o                                It        a        a                 a                                            a        a _
Vwi..abl           t 1Wcosor G                      t a To o s                      _      =        =        _        =         *=
e2       O           quy-ba 1d sputa)  Caa,a3 .u -ip.                               a        a        a        a                 aa
93      H-nal.yo avpad iqauts)          Tarac   aw"0h,a1                            a        a        a        a                 a                 .                                   a
, t,dochnisa tound sqwuol              Manart  b8wdrrt                                       a        a        a _                                                            a        a =  =
Rat-ar      111 D>O butrion                                tZI    Abwdanc                               1     WARPA Stams                                    141    Prsnt ilam                               IS)  I,mCl AAassasmn
Th     Th. qg Vs Nsriaua                         V . Vary com-n                                R  . Ralaad  aitas                                    I . tndita        scacas                      0  .  AdnCtw.a
WI)*le Sioctury                           C . C      c                                  P   . Ftatscadspacia                                 T . Thbia,nn7 oacat* . Ay,aar,gt,-.,
Kh  .  Khoa La   Ntinal Patk                     U  . Uncomon                                  NP   N tdonotsctd spqcas                             ES   E.oangn. D spac-at.%                          a. >                                                     Z
t                                                  S.  . S. Yak Natons Put                           R . RA                                                                                                                                                                                                        1>
C)                                                    St     Stldy ta
ot                                                   X    a (otnd n. at         2s
cn                                                   041  .   cattd  to tinidont ata



<                                                                                                                                       TABLE  D01 (Contdl                                                                                                                                          m
o                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MCOmmflK                                  0O
0                                                                                                    Ill                               ~~~          ~           ~~           ~           ~~~          ~           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(2)  13)  lii  (si
No             iy,'Como n  N- m,                  So-tdilc N-n,                         DifttiboIi-o:                     Abund nc.                   WARPA, Sltatus P.... st.os smpaI I                       A ...,.n.                                     >
O                                                                                                                      Tb      Kh      S.       St       V        C       U       R        RTP             NP        I       T       E        0                                                     >
F -d.'  P0,-r,V.daK 
35      n'd g-Ao  tI,,g                        vIt-Se, Pel*vSl  PtISoOI                                  _                _        t K                                                                =                _ K-
86      Pao,Iolou.,d 11Y,n K,U,g O   Hyi6P0.Is 11bo,e,                                                   _       _       _                                          _                _                                                                       r
87  i'9.yK Slo f1 59 wq,-OI          HyfOp.l.S ph.yl.                                   K        K _                      K =  -                                             K =  =           =          =       =        _ 
En
_   F Km IvMurOOK_                                                                                                                                _       _          
S8       MMo.S 8K1  Sp                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       M _  _  m
a9      Ro,I,s                        6*falSlf Rnu  Knu                                                  K                K                                 .        S       K        -                                                                      m
.9 _                                                                                      __                                         __
90      Aml                          RKruSKP                                                     I       101                                                                 S _  _  _  .                              _
91      N,ll s lot                   topld-,mp   -11OK                                                                            tK
97      Cello.. talab II             AISoO!ys surite,                           K                        K                K _                                        K       K        .                                                                      m 
93      H-oal  b   -mbooaI           Rflh,M,yS prmo-SS                                          _               _ K                K
94     L.19  bambool.?              RhO6ohy1  Suttr8n-,a                               S                       _                                                                                                      X
95      LISS., b6mbKtat              Co.nnomysb d-u.                            I       K        K       K                K                                         K        K                                 .
_ KmIv Hystrwcd_  
98      Common-pobuooo               Hya,lxv b.chp.a                           K_               K       K 
97      A-,I, tOUIK,hId POKoKK    AKOh-oros Sflus                                                                                                                           K                                         S _  _
S-Vly LKop,,d_                                                                  
98      ou-m,K    h-lK               L.pu.  PqufloKS                                                           __ K  K                                                    __   K 
IoIKI                   86       80      59       83       (      39       *0       18      8        71      21      59       23       �8      38       I       S9
_  .oo.og. 1%0)     89 39    5102    5918       8 69    1 02   39 8    *40 3t    8 37    (12    72 45   21 43    S02    23 87   I 33   3978    IS           892
Ramobk   II) D0s0t,WI                                   121    b3undano.                           1    WARPA Staum                                 A41    P, ..nt StatoN                         5I ImpKot A .... -,
Th     l Thung Y. N-FKS-n                      V .Vay co-mmRo                             R      RNo.o-d iDeveKs                             I a Indolm,nt--   SC-,KO                  0 .  AdW.ItU
9619d1e SKOOlury                       C    Commoo                                 P   K AloKetol KCjPKK                              7 * 7rra1nK  d O  eP'O                     K N AdKK.rK3KY..
h  :Khoo La,m N10  P.rk                        U n U,,C-ooo                               NP . Non-oPIM-IP.d -00,55                         E . E^,JSop-d 5051                          -
So = Sa Yok NK,Ponal  k                        A    Ra K
St s   Study AKI
C)                                                 8KX  1-sd MIS K'                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 M
[XI    plKKOfld tlo fnd pn 01K
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TABLE D-2                                                                                                                                                                     M
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DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND WARPA STATUS AND PRESENT STATUS OF THE BIRDS SPECIES ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE                                                                                                                             O
ill                                (2)                         13)                        44                                                                  >
Y  No       Fan ilylcoacnon Na.                   Snlili Na,.                          DirlitNlion                         Ab-nda.-.                     WAPPA Si..u                  P...... Saaina         Iu'p ant A.,al>
_ PTh      K        S.        St       V        c        U        R        R        P       NP        I        T        t        0          _
Lalg..),.                    Tbb.ntap,Oa                                     a                                                             ----
F _   .not  PaOaan-n3a4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  C)
3  Ci-du.o pdk-.                  Pn.,A   p)l{,'a'                       a        .                                                .                      a .               - .               .        .a-
Pe---�--                                                                                                                                                                                                            -g
3  O..w ft-  o'J.V.                                                                                                                                                                                           2~~~~~~~~~- 
I      Cn.M.,.                            ijlab                              a        aa-                                                            -                                                        
7  CNn.,. P.A#d.an                 A.   b.nO.                             a       a        a        a                                                                         
__    Slack had,                                  n                                                                                                                            .                         _        _ a 
Y_S  G.CI b-                                                               .                          .        .bw                                          .        .        X                                        _  
3 r      kaaaa  alact EwAWnpatuno    a*aa                                             *        *           _                                         - =  =  =  =a   =                                     '        =      _
F-, ,W C-,,,  d                         C...,, anr _   _                      a                 a                                            a                 a =                                 a        a
W.-V __  cb                                    !                                              ==                       =         g        =        =        '             
[(a.,,itISalcn                                 0)  A.dNndao                                 01    ((AntAj SitiO                                   Ni     Poaa                                   .)    --pac  A.-aa.-I
Th  aThon  Y.a N.sat                       V a hy  R,a,n,                                    a (naL   an                                              raaaarca aa                             0 aA1..aa,a
Widal S-n,na                        C aC-aaaa                                     P  *  aaNoad aa.I*ThaaN.-d                                                                               Adacala
aj a_ e       ula bann L.anaa raa                 U a                                               _jnnan  =da  =onnana acaa           =        =          _nagna =        - =.              =          Iha        . =  _
K       KN. L- N.-M Pk                       U ,-                                           NP                                                          _~4m                                                      __E-- 
3    a  *U d spak-O-.MP           SPip.               @sa  .R__
>_ _          S, a S_                                                                                                                                                                              .           _      _     _     _
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TABLE  O 2  WCowt'dl                                                                                                                                                                     m
0
? N I a lvC s hnXe Se fs N gs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O.-J",,*S AWW--                                                                                              S          C WAIIPA Sl.l,_       r        . .  ..... |...n...            As 
I                                                                                                                                rb       Kbh      S         Sl        V      _ _         U        R         H        P        NP                 1         E        o                 _                                            >
n                                                                                                                                                                                                                      -h1akhlwe e Oe        -- =  =_======-=  =                                                                    >
19  I tssetI+sheagle   'chitrag  h>bb1.s   w           .                                              x                  x                  x                           Z                                                              >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NP I  7 E 
lb  pdbI,..4,.,..adoe
C-W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~--
_, .-           d  =-=d           __     _  _           _          _                                                                                  =,1
2 ?     Co.nmon b.ll4.d                   R.-eo t"*eo                                               s                         _ =        _         =         =        _         =      _ _        =          =       -       =          =-m
28G     C booebehe l                       PEIl'K  D                       
,12  C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-   W-0 ~ ~ ~ ~   ~               ~~~~~                                                                       ~~~ 
35~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5
-5       D.4.    -                      A8110-  95                                                        WARPA 5_                                                    _        _       _ _
TI,       ,       1, p,5.f.dbE  ..........  _   -      --                                      R                                                                                                                                                                           0
2,      Co.''on bancd          z r         deu, _IO               _                                                                                         _
20      4.o} 9ubEllId 5515               *ol,e..wS  5047*A,.                               S                                                                          _                  _        _             .  
33      3laSXte 5.44 dO p.;,.            SPflefdl.,PlE,4,                         S                          bl                                    _                           _                                .
20w      X1 Changebul  bt_e ba., WRASPI    3I)4*ebl SpMSt Ljs                        1.                                      4              .7r
IVI lll 5ncl9 C .s omm   P ,ol   llsns  I   r4,,Ih    re                S        1 W       .       .S PS   *           .                             1.                                  Z        S .
12  Claoed  elne,          SCfllP,'flCg,~4e4c0j SU                                   N-                           *
> Wh v lhro~~~~3    tEm awoaS Prl U55cro h                          gCoer* rc-E .0,1  %bOf�,,.,   n*"0499            S. .,, . 
C)                                                        S .    S.u,zk ,.-' P.b                         9    R.
| I  *  fted  o^ ts1* .... X �~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
VIS  11.1-` p  . I'm d                                                 S                   -. t



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EN4o013/rB-.1-                                                                      PAGED 1



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ENV1O41971301TABD-2.OC                                                                   PAGE D-1 1



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ENVWI)04I7130WTABD-2.DOC                                                  PAGE D-12



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ENVIOG44S71J13ABDZ.DOC                                                                   PAGE D>-14



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                    FINAL REPORT
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ENv1004Z37130zTAaD2.Doc                                                                PAGE D-15
.N10/73/A0-.0                                                                               AED1



TABLE  D 2  (Cont'd)                                                                                                                                                  m
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III                       (~~           ~            ~~~          ~~2)  131      (4)                       (SI                                       ><
444 N       P Frn41yron.4on 44..,.                041.n4199 94.49t f t...              V6b.1it           -                  Abnd.-nc.                    WARPA 04.o4                 P4to.4    S4w..         tmop. *d A.-.-omnl                                            >
i;    Tb  K,     5.        S        V        c        U        R        S        P       NP        I        T        _           0
B                               -~~(4  9444),o.td 5.444tl^_=                                                                     =4g5. =,.o4o       =       -                 =         =       -            -=                     =                           - 
442     91.-140414d8 b.4WWI              Uoc         . . cl c                            _              _                                                      a                          -                 . 
145     C6p-ulh  Cl54                    4*04   h-444                       _ _                 _                 _                                                                       _        _      _ -                                                              r
FWn0r P__.�
Al-                                             -       -                - *�
146     Spftl .d  b.~l                   rr           a__                                                                                                                                                                               
144     G.4y-appd  -dodpc.              Oooqo   04414                                                                                                            
149     PA..  -dwk.                     C*0o  *44F4P4I4                              _
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1i      L.t- u- r                      Pk. IM-to.                                                                                                                                                                                                                         L. 1.1  .  .  4 _  .  0
L
1b2      .nlp V-11 p.                  P*.. flm..ch4                        -                   =                    -= 
143     tc.d W0pk4                      P..  -.                               4       _                           -                 n        -                 . 
154     Wo4*4d                          54u  P         .            .                                    x W               . .
155     544M4     d                     P..    W1u                            4                 - __  .                             4 .                        4 .  *   .
157                                    P..44  044*464        _       _ .   104  4      4                 4                                                     4
i5a     O r        hc .b ddW                         P--Pc  cn                   _                              =                                                     =                                    -
159     C ak         hn 94045.45        C44p0        h044                     4        4                          . 4               .        .        .
,9      614*4444   444.45,            au4y4a4 4,,)4d,,.4                               4        -        x (4                       4                                            *              _ _ - 
163     Ib)44444d4444 444444494         444441.4  044                                  4        -                                           _ 4                K                          -                                 _ _
R..n.. k4 0II)      4                              (7)  A-4.1                                    01    W.R(PA'l ....4                                 (4)     Pb-l S..,                             IN         d A--.
Th   . S 94,.,ga              .                Vr                                         A   .  _l.n d 444-4                                   I   Kd4t.p4o.w 0                                       =|s *    ,.4114b
4)4 )4)4S_.Y4                       C .C4n0                                        P  . 1wV4IeIad                                        I 9 * 1r       4                                .  4,f4)4494
54, . lho  ~44S4,h 4c4 P.w9                U . Umommo4444                                 46. 4)044-4414-144 44)440                             E * Eodogo4  44)4)4                             *    l
S .    S. YoSk 4lw Pk                       R   R .,
51 * ShrtY 4
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                        FINAL REPORT
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ENV1004197130/TABO2.OOC                                                             PAGE D-17



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EV00&M10r8-M                                                                 A  ED1
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ENlV10O4*9713Q(TAD2.DOC                                                     PAGE D-18



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ENV�0041971301TABD.2.DOC                                                                     PAGE D-19



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ENVlo00S7130/T/D-2D0C                                                      PAGE D-20



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ENV1OO4/9713OtTABDO2.DOC                                                   PAGE D-22



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8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Tt
it                               124                     13)                       44                      tti                                     >
a
.No        F.miyIComon- N.                     Sd-ok d  N... H-O4r,b44)on                                         Ab.nd.nc-.                  WARPA Sat..              P,...n SI4.I.          Im.d A..P mn                                             >
--------   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0z
Th      K.,     S.       St      V        c       U       R        A       P       NP       I       I                                  _                                      >
8  .                   o            C      . ;                                  -         =                      -f              r-       - "  l.Z
n                                      __    V.d4444 lNold.                   E.-V.  a4*.                                 4 _        _       _    _        _               _
___________________=_________=                                                                                 -=_=_=                           -=_- =_=___=-_ 
204    !N444.4d                       Cio,,                              --C
302     16-           4 11C4..4 4-                   -                                            4 C              4 _  _         _                        _                                                _
0       5. Pl b404 do4.                     ,s                                                    -    _                   .       .       .   I            _       .                        .    I        _.   __G
i0m    444 b 4 t-d.                  C    ..                             4   .               .                                                 .                .                    .                                                                 Tt
30 _      ._ .t. _______                                                        _                      _                                                           _          __
3        INe Wus* Nim                 cv"  bv-                                                                                                                        XX
3Di d ll4p44444d4                              .44                       4       _       _        4    _          4    =                    .    __         =                .       .   r
205   k.1'. M 4*4444444          cmis4A4 4440-                                                                                                                                                                                                     M                      
30D    Awn P6d III.W.                        p                                 __k   c_t
3i Xa  FBnasww                      opdw-       
311_   ls     o      ut              F    ,Wto                                  X_                                                                         "       |     _
3      .,v  ___ 4L,. 4_            _ _=
2312    54    a."4         _            4 P            __                                -        4 '                              .       .    .                   4        .       .       4        . _
3i A__    F       -___                                                                    _       __-  
R b,k  IU  NJsbda)A..                                                                      )    WAFPA S.,.                                 M      P-t   S-lf                          fl    h,, A--
D4 ,. 440 t rai  4444 V.4                                     & P                      .        .       .                             I .  hd Ar V-                             O .  pd
3 -44 4    W""44   Chh   5                          -                 . C                                   . . P                     .   1          .     V.-                .    .   4
K44  .    tlho L- N44*   Pk    44       U .NUeP .-                                                                                                 v . E .    En  = d             .
s.  S. Y, N-h    Pk*                     R   R..
X  W . p nt lo lsd on sr                                                                                                                                                                                           >  Z .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .
>                               .M z                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           rzr
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MC                                                                                                                             04
C)  * 244,44 444 44*444.4              V * My 444444444                             A * 4o444444 444444                               4 * .444*4444444 4pM..                    0    A44444440



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-
..                       .                        XI .2 .
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ENV100A97130rrA80-2.DOC                                                                         PAGE D-25



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                 FINAL REPORT
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ENVl004ff7l30fTA8D-2MC                                                      PAGE D-26



TABLE D-3                                                                                                                                                                             m
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_                                                                     DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, WARPA STATUS AND PRESENT STATUS OF THE REPTILES SPECIES ALONG THE GAS PIPELINE ROUTE                                                                                                                                                 >
i2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-n
III                                                                  131                           141                        1II
w                                      No            f.milyi'CwNmon N.-                         Scln,11fic N...                          Dintlb.NIon                             Ab.nd.n.                          WARPA Sirlu.                 Pr-nN  StetN.              Imp-cN  A...m-ntb
Ct      .                                                                                                                      Th        Kb       S.         Sl        V         C         U         R         A         P        NP         I         t                      0Z
lorga W  losludad                    ____ ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ __    _     �         �          ��                            �         ��                            �         �          ����
2        .       b-ogaedt WON               ,?fl1     -V.4                            N          -        N         NN                                                                     
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G-1 Wt     1                       Chg.I_                                                                                                         _                                                  .                            _                                                C)
I,  8!ont-tddd NoIINhN                 PNWO1,IN  660                                                                                                                        N-                            N                                                                            m
6       Con-n  S.1th.11I                   A        ar6g.ea                                                         uN 
,m?  tilnyhd                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            x
.                           S~~~~~~ Malsyan h  NOIIIsNI                 Dopes  NO06                                                           .                                         N                             .         .         .                               
B       B,g-odad t.5INN-                   P)NWNI.-5N  -noti,N                                                                                    NN- ~
9 M=.a b= -= C== =-                                                                                                                 = = =    _ = _  _ 
50    ,mac seias.p.hdb                  _..ON00    *NSCN                                                                   _ -                                                                                                          _    
OnlOyG-OoNd
1-   81FCh
12       S-...a gOOnd gNCO                  PytdoN~tlJ  )M.lN                                              N         NN                                                                     
3       C--oo  hsIJN  gecko                  NONOISJ  ssat                                                N         NN-                                                                               
14       Fl.a IONS gkO                      Cuo500          -                          N                   N
16        ic ToI - 'geck                    6.10  960*      Nss                                  N                                                                              _ N                 _         =         =         _
--  g_                         _Ck   k
ANsoN-     1 illt   D   bolOc                              121   Abold-rc.                                  (31     WARPA So-                                14)      P,N        S,.,.                           )      1,pr  A,--nl
tic    thong Ye NerNsw                          V . Very c055cn                                     R  .  NN .S SpODs                                 ) * Ltn       h                                   0      AdNpl.4
WV/dliN SOnctUY                         C    Common                                        P   . Pojoosd WO4-                                         - . IFs.Id *C""                           .    A&e-g-INu.
Kh    K.h0 LeeNN Nl.lo.  PAsk                    U . U- -ncom                                       NP   N polectId iNNNN                             I1 * c nd         NO                                 * OpN * t>'""'J'   "
->                                                   S.    S. Yk Nelsa1 POB                         A RO                                                                                                                                                                                                                     > N
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m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
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EzV1004M71WTA811~3-DOC                                        PAGE D-28
ENV10047I3OIA8B3.aDC                                                   PAGE D-28



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                         FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
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EN1049101A3 3.DO                                                PAED2



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58   ,*.1l  eodh             N. b .x                                                                                                     xW   
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                 FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
EI
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EN10/910TAD 0C                                                                             PAED3



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
E I
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EVOu73tA.C                                                               PAG  D-32- 



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-5
SOME SPECIES OF WILDLIFE FOOD PLANT
No.       FamilyNemacular name                              Scientific  name                         Consumed  part
FAMILY: ANACARDIACEAE
1   Mamuang paa a24 Nitl                 Mangdfera caloneura  Kurz                            Fruns
2   Kuk (In)                             Lannea coromandebica  Merr.                          FlowersFruits,Leaves
3   Mamue I:f-Uln                         Choerospondias axillans  9uftt & Hill               Fruns
FAMILY: ANNONACEAE
4   Polyathia                             Polyatlhia sp.                                      Fruits
5   Yaang on I!tfl4u)                    Polyalrhia viridis Craib                             Fruits
FAMILY: APOCYNACEAE
6   Teenoed IuttUflI                     Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.                        Fiowers
FAMILY    BARRINGTONIACEAE
7   Chik (;n)                            Barnngronia coccinea  Kostel                        Flowers,Leaves
FAMILY   BIGNONIACEAE
8   Khae (lLa                            Srereosperrmum  sp.                                  Flowers
9   Phekaa  rlinnh)                      Oroxylum  indicum  Vent                              Flowers
FAMILY   BOMBACACEAE
10  Ngzu paa 4121I)                       Bombax anceps  Pierre                               Flowers
FAMILY   9URSERACEAE
11  Makoem  Wu:Lnul                       Canarium  subularum  Guill.                         Flowers,Leaves
FAMILY   COMBRETACEAE
12  Haen (u7U) .Tefminalia glaucifolia  Craib                                                 Fruns'
FAMILY: DILLENIACEAE
13  Saan 1(i1u)                           Dillenia obovara (80.1 Hoogl.                       Fruits
14  Mataad 1sJ:e11F)                      Dillenia indica  Linn.                              Fruns
FAMILY   EBENACEAE
15  Diospyros                             Diospyros sp.                                       Fruits.Leaves
FAMILY   EUPHORBIACEAE
16  LoKhaao (ift1tlhf                     Macaranga quadncomis  Rad).                         Leaves
17  Phobaai (tVtiftJI)                    Sapium  baccatum   Roxb.                            Fruns.Leaves
FAMILY: FAGACEAE
18  Ko (iti)                              Lithocarpus sp.                                     Nuts
19  Kophuang Jhwiq4),                     Lithocarous fenestratus  Rehd.                      Nuts
20  Kophae (rilmYt)                       Quercus kerrii Craib                                Nuts
ENV1004,97130/TA8o-5.DOC                                                                                               PAGE  D-33



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-5 (Cont'd)
No.       FamilyNernacutar name                              Scientific name                           Consumed  part
FAMILY    FLACOURTIACEAE
21   Kraoao yai (n tUlf lurM)              Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre                   Fruits
FAMILY    GRAMINEAE
22   Phai-paa    I]-in)                    Bambusa arundinacea  (Retz.) Wild.                   Shoot,Stem.Leaves
23  Phai-bong U114til)                     Bambusa natans  Wall.                                Shoot,Stem,Leaves
24  Phaihiae Itat),j)                      Cephalostachyum  vigatum   Kun                       Shoot,Stem,Leaves
25  Phai-saang UltiN4)                     Dendrocalamus strnctus  Nees                         Shoot,Stem,Leaves.Rhtzome
26   Pha-hok (Ul4fn)                       Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees                        Shoot,Stem,Leaves
27   Pha.rai (JliC)                        Gigantochloa albociliata  Munro                      Shoot,Stem,Leaves.Rhizcr;e
28   Phai-pak  Jifnn)                      Gigantochloa hasskariana  Back. ex K. Heyne          Shoot,Stem.Leaves
FAMILY : LYTHRACEAE
29   Lagerstroemia                         Lagerstroemia sp.                                    Flowers
30  Salao (eLfifi)                         Lagerstroemia tomentosa  Presi                       Flowers
31  Tabaek (Lr-in)                        Lagerstroemia cuspidara  Wall.                       Flowers
FAMILY : MELIACEAE
32   Langsaad lNa'4itl)                    Aglaia domestica  Pelleg                             Fruits
33   Khaangkhaao Ji'n14rn)                 Aglaia pirifera  Hance                               Fruits
FAMILY    MIMOSACEAE
34   Kaangkheemot (nfl'W1t133              Albizia odoratissima  Benth                          Flowers,Leaves
35  Albizia                                Albizia sp.                                          Leaves
36  Chaniang ll:L,UtNl                     Archidendron jiiringa  Nielsen                       Leaves
FAMILY    MORCEAE
37   Madueapiong W:L= eIJfl4l)             Ficus hispida LUnn.t.                                Fruits
38  Sai (IT)l                              Ficus annulata  Bl.                                  Fruits
FAMILY : MYRISTICACEAE
39  Lueat (lLA10                           Knema globularia Warb.                               Fruns
FAMILY    MYRTACEAE
40  Waa lWi1)                              Eugenia cumini Druce                                 Fruits,Leaves
FAMILY    MUSACEAE
41   Kluay paa (nl3ut1')1                   Musa acuminata Coia                                 Flowers,Frunts,Leves
ENV1004,97130ftABD-S.1OC                                                                                                 PAGE  D-34



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX D
TABLE D-5 (Cont'd)
No.       FamilyNemacular name                            Scientific name                         Consumed  part
FAMILY: PAPILIONACEAE
42  Ketdaeng (hRuA34)                   Dalbergua dongnaiensis  Pierre                     Leaves
43  Cingcnan 4lfUI                     Dalbergia oliven  Garnble                          Leaves
44  KraDeeklue In-lMl  1)r              Dalbergo foiiacea  Wall                            Leaves
45  Krachoh l-ln-                       Millentia leucantha  Kurz                          Leaves
46  Peechan ( 9ul                       Oalbergia cana Grah.                               Leaves
47  Thongtaangpaa (lt4u1nAf4rliJ        Er,rhrina subumbrans IHassk.) Merr.                Leaves
FAMILY - PROTEACEAE
48  Polaai W88.lrE1JtianUnI)            Gre wia eatostemoAdes  CoIl. et hemsl              Fruits
FAMILY: RUTACEAE
49  Hatsakhun n^wU)                     Micromelum  minutum  Wight & Am.                   Frurts
FAMILY: SONNERATIACEAE
50  Lamphuupaa Il41qlh)                 Duabanga grandifda IRoxb. ex DC.) Walp.            Flowers
FAMILY   STERCULIACEAE
51  Lampaang iiltl4l)                    Prerospeirmum  diversifolium  81                 Seeds
52  Poeekeng (JI8DLr41                  Prerocymbium javanicrm  R.Br.                      Leaves
53  Kanaanpling ln-ui1uJl4)             Pterospermum  acerifolium  Wild,                   Seeds
FAMILY: SAPINDACEAE
54  Lamyaipa Iflt81.hl                  Paranephelium  longdfoliolarum  Lac.               Fruits
55  Kholaen (iSLflul                    Xerospermum  intermedium  Radlk.                   Fruits
56  Lamyai (i'VLtjl                     Dimocarpus longan  Lour.                           Fruits
57  Takhro IP1:PIn)                     Schleichera oleosa  ILour.) Oken                   Fruits
FAMILY: SYMPLOCACEAE
58  Mueatdong ILVZI4l                  Syrrmplocos farmuginea  RoxD.                      Fruns,Leaves
FAMILY: SIMAROUBACEAE
59  Mayompaa MZt.13i5fhl                Aiianthus triphysa  (Dennst.) Alston               Frurls
FAMILY: ULMACEAE
60  Mahaat iUZMIWI)                      Celtis tetrandra  Roxb.                           Fruis
FAMILY: VER8ENACEAE
61  Phaasian I4411JU)                   Vitex canescens  Kurz                              Fruhs,Leaves
ENV1004i97130rABD-5.DOC                                                                                          PAGE  D-35



APPENDIX E
THE DETAILS OF EACH LAND USE TYPE



'40  0001                                       44.01_              _ _ __  _ _ _ _ _  _ _
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PROJECT BOUNDARY (l00g'                                                                       >
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/ /\ 8< \ \ i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PRCUiECT  POUNDARY 120m) .jf                                                                                                                  >
/ I  t  s\ \   \/                                                      ---   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GAS PIPf LINE            \                                           Z
*   CHANOWAT                                                                                     -
TIE IMPN;,Y/ Kx'>.Z1\                          2AWX
EFTONE(\   \\ s\\si tX  ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~ RAILAOAD.                                                                                                                        r
|  ,             K       >\      K~- ~-  CHALANCGWAI LINE                                                                                 O A00 200 m
NSI*_p~~ \,>.->   \                . .r-x ^    - =                                   Vertical Graphc  Scale                           m
POND                                          0        *        2 Km                          m
. s^<> \ . g { At ~~~~~~~~} UANO USE BOUNDARY 
-               N.Stooons   t   \    >  >         }                  _   -                              _                      Horizontal  Graphic Scale
\K.     A    '        --   _IsIE
K~~~~SF~~~2.-,
LEGEND LAND USE
U2  -  VILLAGE*
U3  -  INSTITUTIONAL LAND
Us  *  WOUSTRIAL LANO
All1 *  RAINFED PAODY FIELO                                               jf* 
A1 2 *  IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD                                              )  
A2  *  FIELD CROPS
615DOOli     AA I *  MiIEO ORCHARDS                                                   7
AB  *  SHIPING CULTIVATION                                                              AO.O >                                                    --*\
A?  *  PAStURE                                                            1                         \I.1
Fli4 *  BAMBOO FOREST                                                                                                              F2.1
F. I *  MIXEO DECIDUOUS FOREST                       \/
F3  *   FOREST PLANTATION
Mi2 *   SHRUBS
s12  .   SWAM^P                                                                                                 F  f2.1 >      >     ; S
Ml      LATERITE PIT                                                                \                    ;                   '       _
w   *  NATURAL WATER RESOURCES
.                                                                     _                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T
TEAM
FIGURE E-1  LAND USE MAP ALONG THE YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE                                                                                                                                   r tE
rnZ n
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r                                                                                                                                                 1600551                                              4855501
SYMBOL
- -   PRtOjECT  BOUNDARY (IOOTI 
j- -@mF 1  - -    tANPROJECT  BOUNDARY  r0I)
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*   AMPE
A69                                                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ROAD
(9        '~~~~~'......~~~~~A  6.9                                                                    RAILROAD                                                                   20m
.2.         .N                                                             ./            - -' -.,CAT LNE0
U7.1 *\ VI-UGE                                                                    -     AMPNOE LINE                                                Velilcal   Gr      SAale
F21 '   gNSlITUTIONAL tAND                                          F2. 1                    \.POND
F2U1SfAl                                                          LAND USE BOUNDAAY                                         NorIzontal   G aphiC Scale
A - .    MXGOCA8.9                 \   \
F2t1 .                                                                     N                    F22I
__   _     _    __       _     _    _ I .*=E DCOOU   OtS                                          1-4                                               -   ___
LEGEND  LAND USE                                            \t
U?   * VILLAGE
W        INSTITUTIONAL   LAND
F2.1           X'       N
US       INDUSTRIAL LAND'
Al       A A RANFED PADDY FIELD                          -''I
Al?      : RRIGATION PADDY FIELD
A?       FIELD CROPS
A4d      M * LAED ORCHARDS
AGOa     SHIIFING CULTIVATION 
AT       PASTtIJIE
FI       B EAMBOO FOREST                                                                                                                             F                  A
F? I     MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST------
-I bu,I TID,I             F3       FOREST PLANTATION                                                                                                                                           A
Ml 2     SIIRUBS
Ml I     SWAMP
MT       LArlEflllE Ply
IN    *    ATURAL WATER RESOURCES
TEAM
>   ~ ~ ~ *FIGURE   E-1                                    Cont'd
m                                                                                                                                                       .                                                                                                   I
mt                                                                                                                          ._.
rQ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I



8                                                     4101e01 A'M50OOt                                                                                      *tK)OOOf                                          *n.emf                            >
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~~~  '  (                     +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.Y(N\%2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'  : ~~~~~~~Vertical  Graphic Scale 
PROJECl SOUNDYRY t 20m 1  U3                                                                      0         1         2 Km                           m
H-orizontal  Graphic Scal.
SYMBOL.                                     LEGENO LAND USE                          A2     A..1'
P.-   lROJECT BOUNDARY (1flOn                 U2       VILLAGE                                                                       RT'i \.a.Th.
---   PROJECT  BOUNDARY  20m i                U3  * INSTITUTIONAL LAND
-    GAS PIPE LINE                           U5  *   INDUSTRIAL LAND                                F2. 1
ti       CHANGWAT                                Al i .   RAINFEO PADDY FIELD
*       AMPHOE                                  'A 2 *   IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD                                                      5".110
ROAO                                    A2   *   FIELD CROPS                                                          .                       Y/
RAILROAD                                AA I     MIXED ORCHARDS                                                 F.                               A2 \'   ,'
--  - -    CIHANGWAT LINE                           ABS  *  SHIFING CULTIVATION
AMPHOE LINE                             AT   *   PASTURE                                                                                 ' - ^               W \, I  .
RIVER                                   F14 *   BAMBOO FOREST                                                              A             2- A                 A2\
3 POND                                               Fi   *   MIXEO DECIDUOUS FCIREST                                                      F2.1
LAND USE BOUNDARY                       F3       FOREST PLANTATION
M 12 *   SHRUBS
M2.i *   SWAMP                                                                                                         N12.2
MT  *   LATERITE PIT                                                                                                    a
W        NATURAL WATER RESOURCES
SW.ng B,w
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.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:



*I�~~~~~IWIII                           dIE~~~~~~~49  OcaE                                 495.(0EEE00M  
F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 -
PROJECT BOUNDARY (100OFII
AI                                                                                    - - - -    PROJECT BOUNDARY  2Si I
- GAS PIPE LINE                                                VC
' *ol '-i  A2' "~ A2.                                                                       CHANGWAT
*. &  >.AMPHOE                                                                                           C
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I $WTWVAId                       $.ro.A0                                                                      ______\,_+  _   RAILROAD
-      - - --   ~~~~CHANGWAT LINE                                      0 00200 m                                    r
M~l.2                                              A 
->s'3 k                                              Ml. 2 C   CHANGWAt LINE Venlical   Graphic Scale r
RIVER
~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~POND IISE BUNDAR
A    ADSS   BUDAYHorizontal   Graphic Scale 
M11.2
LEGEND LAND USE
UT .     VILLAGE
U3  .   INSTITUTIONAL LAND                           <                               'I
' *99 WWI                 US   *   INDUSTRIAL LAND                                                                                So YesI,
Al 1 .   RAtNFED PADDY FIELD                                                                                                               NO         F I
Al 7 .   IRRIGATION PADDY FIEND                                                   \                                                \ \ 
A?  .   FIELD CROPS                                                                                   \
Ad I     MIXED ORCHARDS
A69  *  SHIlFING CULTIVATION
A?  .   PASTURE                                                                                           A 2
Fi4      B BAMBOO FOREST                                                                         \                      /
FS2   .   MIXED OECIDUOUS FORESI                                                                           '
F3   *   FOREST PLANTAtION
Ml? *   SHRUBS
M2S  *   SWAMP                                                                                     T.A A7
MT       L LATERITE PIT                          
w        NATURAL WATER RESOURCES                                                                       q   \A7".            \
TEAM
FIGURE   E-1                 Cont'd              *
m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Z
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a  E   lI                                  PROJECT EIOUND^RY llEm I                     N                                     r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  5
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LEGEND LAND USE                X      \    &sX       \           t ) L.A2  7N-OP USE: BUNDARY lO                                                               -
US,~~                     \,o<N\
US ~   ~       ~       ~       -. *                                -NUTRA  -AN  'A  PIP \.INE 
Al ~  ~    ~    :       \ *                                              *ANE    CI4ADDA                             VerELDa   Grahi ScaleS
,~~~~~~~~~~\                                   A12N\\                                 S   IRIA71NPHOOY0   FI                                       L \2Km\                       m\tn
A2 2R                                                                            __PIELO_CROPS___                                 00-
-               lAiIl -4   --   CHANGWAT LINE
Fl 4 .  E^MeoO fORESI                             ,/A^                   POND
L    D LA2D USERU85 Ml2                                                           LAND US_BOUNDY                               1        2 1 |
U*    I NDUTRIAL LvANDR REORE\ I42 STe \                                           e     
A.  .                                                  (* RINFED PADDY FIELD
A. , ,   IRRIAION ,ADDY FIELD                                                                  , I4 e, o. .
A4~ I_ IE  OCAD                                                                       .                                                            .~   _
AT  *  PASTURE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~HNGA CN
>~~~~~~~~~~~~F                                                                                                                                                                                   TEA * BABOFRS
cm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~F FIUR                    E-1    CoItEd DEIDOU FOES                                                                                                                                                nT  
m3                                                                  . FOREST PLANxATION  !  ((1P
UI?     SHUBILLAGE..f.f,
MT  *   LATEITU ITOA LANDjI 
AlI    FANEPADFIELDI 
m                      FIGURE         E-1~~~~~~A  FEL CROPS
A4,     MIXE                                                                                                                           .
-~ ~ ~~~~~~~6-   HFN   UTVTO



S .
<  SCCII                                         SIOrX                                            SISTOOOE
F2 I1D. �04  S1 ."^                                                                         SYMBOL
-    PROJECT BOUNDARY (100l )
o Xa  - \  6 \nPROJECT BOUNDARY 120m).                       0  100  200 m
*  tP \{1    F2.1                                   -       -    GAS PIPE LINE                                     C:
I s�o1ocr0 00                                         ,\   \\\  ll                                            ij      CHANGWAT                                    Vertical  Graphic Scale
AMPHOE                                     0         1        2 Km
.llII                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ROAD
5  %rrwew ;rer til  qk5 :   Tr,.ol 21  _   RAILROAD                           nHorizontal  GraphiC Scale
/                                               -       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RAILROAD__ _ _ _ _ _                     _ _ _ _ _
N                    \                   -g)t --  tkr4rl terCHANGWAT LINE
a Wm-i 001
POND
\ Al3  v  LAND USE BOUNDARY
LEGEND LAND USE                -,
.                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~F2.1  1   111  *   0CrIl Kh grtl)
U2  *  VILLAGE                                                               * I I (    II
U3  .   INSTITUTIONAL LAND                                      .  itw
U5  *  INDUSTRIAL LANO                                          I    \
All 1    F.AINFED PADDY FIELD                         L '  
I 565 GOON      Al2 *  IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD              _                                       ScW mCrK.
A2  *   FIELD CROPS                                                            ,
A4 I .  MIXED ORCHAROS                        /
AS i     SHIPING Cut riVA rtON                                                 Wol 40dM N4  ASAg r
A?      PASTURE                                                         \A 
F1O     BAMABOO FOnE(ST                                                                                                                                IND2.
F2 I .   MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST                                                                                                                     _O_ ____F21
F3  * FOREST PLANTATION
PA? *   SHRUJBS
M2 I     SWAMP
MI      L LATERITE PIT                                            /
W    *  NATURAL WAFER RESOURCES
I  I            .1                       .                   .    ,             ,          _        ,         I     ,             I         I         I         I         I         I
TEAM
m                                  FIGURE   E-1                Cont'd
om



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z~~~~~~~~~~~~5 V.oy.l                                                        s, s uat                                         s0oo                                              tStO      
SYMBOL                                                                                             z
PROJECT BOUNDARY 11000n01                                                                            C
PROJECt BOUNDARY 120W)                                                                               >
.2      Xx              ,~                                     -   -   CGAS PIPE LINE
F2. 1   su\CHANGWAT                                                                                           >
\2 %> \ \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AMPHOE                                                                  tiE  _X
0  100  200 m.                           -0
A 2                                          RAILROAD                                              Vertical  GrpiScl 
--  C?ANGWAT LINE                                          0         1        2 Km.                       ,
\\   \                        - -     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~AUBHOE LINE 
\    \ \    ,  :=-    RIVER                                      Horizontal: Graphic Scale     .
POND
6 @ ^ s   ~   \ge'    f   F2 . I               <_A         LAND USE BOUNOARY
I SsofVIO                     LEGEND LAND USE                                                                                                                       No?  jorLZ     M_
U2  *  VILLAGE
U3      INSTITUTIONAL LAND                                                                        5N.  Pl Lw (I 
U5  *  INDUSTRIAL LAND
Al I .  RAINFED PADDY FIELD                               \ =                        N Fb
Al 2 *  IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD                                -..                      \_                 F ,A *              P44 L.l(3l
A2  *  FIELD CROPS
At I *  MIXED ORCHARDS                                                         F2.1       K
A5B 2    SHIFING CULTIVATION                                               )'
AT  .  PASTURE                                                                                 M1.2    A4.1 tl1
Pt\  .  BiAMBOO FOREST 
F2 I *  MIXEJ OECCIOUOUS FOIlESf                                                                                     \   \   l \
>1  *   FOIREST PLANIAliON
Ml2 *  SHRUtBS                      -                                                                                      X '              B J\     4mAR11
M2 1 .   SWAMP
M7      LATERItE PIT                                                                                                         A2\  \,m.N.E121
I Sbu MuNI 
w   .  NATURAL WATER RESOURCES                                                                                                      (
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S 4  *  t.. W*4.. 12)                        b3o :oocot                 ~                     s3s000E                                          540.OOOE
n_                                                                                                              SYMBOL                                     j
c                                                      A                                                                                                 PROJECT BOUNDARY 11001m
-i  - - -  PROJECT BOUNDARY (20n I
\ -   -   GAS PIPE LINE
*   AMPHOE
F2I                                                                                           ROAO
RAILROAD
----  CHANGWAT LINE                          01020M
- -   AMPHOE LINE
_  \  ';>> v    \   \\  _ -    RIVER         Vertical  Graphic Scale
PONO
A?      LAND USE BOUNDARY
' s., v>\~                                                                                                                                           H& \   tANOruSE EOUNOARY ltHizotal  G   aphic Scale
LEGEND LAND USE                                                     I To  1 0-9
U2  *  VILLAGE                               F.I wk
u3  *  INSTITUTIONAL LAND                                                        <____/_NO1
US     INDUSTRIAL LAND                             Ml.2                        AH
Al I *  RAINFED PADDY FIELD
Al 2 *  IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD                             Ml.2
A2  *  FIELD CROPS                                                  S                 A I                          AA ,NWl2 i
A< I *  MIXED ORCHARDS                                                                                            HAM A -0.�
A69 '   SHIFING CULTIVATION                            (                        \       'S; K                M
Al  .   PASTURE
F I  * . AMSOO FOREST                                                                  A2                                 - 
:A '0XI-                  F? I .  MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST
r3   *   FOREST PLANTAIION                           ''      /                                 A2
UI I  *   SHRIJSS                          J                                                                           �4\
M7 I *   SWAMP                                                                             1                    s
MI  .   LATERITE PIT                                                                                          I I
W       N NATURAL WATER RESOURCES                                                                                           A 2
*        .         .11                                                     11 *  .                                                                                                    I     .,..        
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m~~ -                                                                                                                                                                                                 _                 m
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I 13W0N\  \\     \                          @                                                   )      CAGA                                                  Ht
A?         p. tv  A    @c .                                                      *       AMO.                                              0  100  200m.                             m
N                                                                      P,<, , A2  RAI- ROAD   VBrUAa Ghic Scale
\9/ > >( > CHANGWAT    LINE                  0        1        2Km
-  - .  x     - -  AMPHOE LIEC0_
A 2o,                                                                                               Ve*>   ~  k   -   RIVER  Horizontal   Graphic Scale 
\   9Meo    >_   ~~~~~~\%           t l ~~    POND
B K'OI9'X                                                             A        C LAND UASE BOLINDARY
*e~~~                              K'2A -s> 
.  LEGEND LAStA USE                                                                   L ,
IOTXlI0                   U2  *  VILLAGE  3.-
U3  *  INSTITUTIONAL LAND                             Wr           \         i     P
U5      INUSTRIAL tAND                                                             L     USE B
Al E *  RAINFED PADDY FUELD                                >I \;                  \
Al 2 *  IRRIGAtION PADDY FIELD             
A2  *  FIELO CROPS                                   "
Ad 4     MIXEO ORCHARDS                                                J           \\.
At9 *  SHIFING CULTIVATION                                          t Y       |IA2
Ar  '  PASrURE                                                                 Il                                I
F14     B BAMBOO FOREST
F7 I *  MIXED DECIDUOUS FORESt
F3  *   FOREST PLANTATION
MI? *  SHRUBS
M2     SWAMP .
Mt      LATERItE PIT
. W     NATURAL WAtER RESOURCES
*I Si1IlIIIN
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- r T       T             r~~~~~~~~~-T----r-- --   -T---rI
'14 1ilA                                                                                   SS$ OOOE
S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ gi y.. /k                                                                                 
--   ~~*      U2,'~
~~ NiMg R.~~~~~~~.u             A~A2                                                                       0  100 200 m
,  -/                     \\                                          SYMEOE|  Vertical  Grarhc Scae
~~~~~~~~~~   ~ ~ ~  ~ ~ YOL0                                                1        2 K~m
.Z.                                                                                         onal GC  |i c Scal\  _ ._    PROJECT BOUNOARY (IO| Horizontal  Gruoic Scale
/  /~$I                                              - ^ re' ,  \   X      *     ----    PROJECT EOUNDARY t 20m 1
IB200WI  -N  '      .A2  \              * \    -                GAS PIPE LINE
.   W s70 rX 0*w    1      >R_           ,                                     0      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CNANGWAt
_ -   ~.. ~         a ...9 . 0.       _C        ROAD
LEGEND LAND USE                             l   'r< NRAILROAD
LEGEND________LAND_____USE ___ I -L                                          - -\ A2  CHANGWAT LINE
U2  *  VILLAGE                                    |     r        -T--    AMPHOE LINE
U3  *  INSTITUTIONAL LAND                             u    \ l                            RIVER
US  .  INOUSTR;AL LAND                            |   1    ' r      -                     POND
Al I *  RAINFED PADDY FIELD                 2                        K'   i               LAND USE BOUNDARY
A12 1    IRRIGATION PADDY FIELD            A2          It   \
A2*  FELD CROPS                                    .I
A4 I .    MIXEO ORCHAROS                     Al.I        0           ThNnQ CT,P0B
AGB *  SHIFING CULTIVATION                     A2
A7  *  PASTURE                               Mt.2
F14 *  BAMBOO FOREST
F2 I .    MIXED Dl DCIOIJIS FOILSIt
sIS DOON            F3  *  FOREST iLAtTATION                                             B P  o'|M
ul 2 *  S"RuNS                 >      A2               A
M21 .  SWAMP                                 .
Mr      LATERITE PIT                                   \ 
W       N NATURAL WATER RESOURCES                    �\       i S
, z . I I    ._ I  I I I                                                     I_ .11
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$           .wsAX2l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S SOo(ol                                                       wo.or                                          665.Co00E
SYMBOLt
A2  (+                                         5- - -x -v) PROJECt aOUINOARY (Ih0m
PROJECT BOUNDARY (On,  I
A2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--GAS PIPE LINE                                                                                                                                      >
0   AMPNOE
LEGEND LAND USE    ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~        AIP-'~~~RAD                                                                                                    C
AS OA            *                                                                        CIL .tANGWAT    LINE                               o ELO   200  m.
r    I                                                                _ I   AMPHOE VNE                                                                                   m
FIGURE  E  \_ c                                                                    ROVER                                        Vertical  Graphic Scale                         r
\   8\\ \  4          11 ^t Hln~~~              ~          ~ U3  @  , PGNO                                            O        1         2 Kmm
A 2  J\                 0* P"lon       to<    UNO USE 80uNDARr                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horizontal  GraphiC Scalem
LEGEND LAND USE                  s                     ,9                 .
I               I   0~~ ~~~~2 vILLAE                      |tl0                                                                                    
Al I     RAINFEO PADDY FItLO                                                                  A2AA t                 2      / gU 
Al 2     IRRiGAIION PAODY FIELD                                              S N-o Al%"D%K-~ -                                  '- 
A2      FItELD CROPS                                                                           a NDn 0.0     _       a U tU
A4 I .MIAXED ORCHARDS                                                                                      AMHEC,MO
I SO sOOONs                   AGO *  SHIFING CULTIVAkIION                                                                                 AftfCOtfN    
AT * PASTURE 
Fr .    BAMBOO FOREsT. 
^~~~~~~~~~~~~F                                  MxI *uXED DECIDUOUS fORIESTINE
F3      FtlREST PLANTATION                                                                                          >          @    Ft
ul 72   SHRUBS                                                                                                          L
F2 1 * SWVAMP 
ur t    LATERITE PIT
w   .NArURAL wATER RESOuRcES 
7                                                                                                                                                          TE AM          tt '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EMl 
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8hb                                            vo oJoI 5/00C01 S/05F                                                                            U0OE                                                     O
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* sU$;bt,lrl                            \% VJON                                                                                                                         ?00    0 Amg                          :
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A2                                                                              o    1    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 Km
F 3                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horizontal  Graphiic Scale           2
0
LEGEND LAND USE                                                           S. R.  > 4 
U2  *  VILLAGE 
U3-INSTITUTIONAL. LAND
U5  *  INDUSIRIAL LAND                                             SYMBOL
M TK1J11N            AI t *  RAINFED PADDY FIELDO                                                                        a' N      g
Al 2 *  IRRIGATION PAODY FIELD                                    PROJECT BOUNDARY (m00t 
A2  *  FIELD CROPS                                    - - - -   PROJECT BOUNDARY t 20m )                          Ml,2
A I *  MIXED ORCHARDS                                 -           GAS PIPE LINE
ASI B      SIGIFING CULTIVATION                          ji       CHANGW AT
AT  *  PASTURE                                                    AMPHOE
F14     BAMBOO FOREST                                             ROAD
FJ I *  MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST                                    RAILROAD                                                                INDEX
. *J  FOREST PLANTATION                                    -      CHANGWAT LIVE
M1 2 *   SHRUBS                                       ---         AMPHOE LINE
M2 I    SWAMP                                                     RIVER
M7  *   LATERIIE PIl                                              POND
P W     NATURAL WAIER RESOU(ICES                     ( 2          LAND USE BOUNDARY
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SYMBOL
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I 5  SOSO. I)                                                                                                      CHANGWAT _
. \ I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ROAD-                                                                                                                                                      r
RAILROAD .
PRATCHAX IRi POWER PLANTI                                  m
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\ "    > \ @    PONO        A4.1               A2 
/ '7                                           ~~~~~~~m
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Ml.2  Ml.2         Ml.2 \:    .                 Al.~~~~112    2|A41\     J
FI.4                                                                                              A
M.2                        MIt                                                              _- 0   100  200 m.
Vertical   Graphic Scale
U?     VILLAGEL                                                           AIA'r - 7,w L    $~  4 F                                      O0        1         2 Km
Ul     ISUO.A LANtUrD A'A   A'  
US  INDLATALAL LANO                                                                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Horizontal   Graphic Scale
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All*  IRRAON PADDY t   IEL9
A. I    WXED Or"cwRos                 /<>                                                                                                   QE 
Al     PASIUREL                                                                                                                         [N.1  r1 
PI I .  WXED DECroCUS FCOREST
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*  LATERITE nt                                                                                                                                          1
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APPENDIX F
THE RESULTS OF CODVIP   A T IN SIT"Y



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z                                                                                                                                                                                           m
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SYMBOL                                   z    ;~~t -1   
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0  CHANGWAI                                                                  &
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ROAO                                                                                  \
RLAILROAO\                                                                         s   
CHANGWVAT LINE                                                                        ?     \      >
_ _ AUPHOE LINJE                                                                         2& 
=   RIVER                   '\ ^     
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0EGEND                                                                                              --         100 IND  \1
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0 S  t  O  INSIIVTYON                                                                             0  2
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SYMBOL                  "I
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ice oDoD                                             W.e001                                             sis.5000i 
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PROJECT  BOUNDARY  120z)
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c   CHANGWAT                                                                                         C
AMPHOSE 
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\'>X \ \\RAILROAD
CHANGWAT LINE                                       0  100  200 m,-
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I                                                                                        +-? OOD                             RIVE                                                                                             1:
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CHANGWAT                              L ,
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j      REST HOUSE                                                                                         -               \     h\
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SW lssor8jra B                       . U4.0*l2l I  ZSoE (535.000E                                                                                             i40.DE
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SYMBOL                        \\;%@TtS                       
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CHANGWAT
*      AMPHOE
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RAILROAD
CHANGWAT LtNE
--- AMPHOE LINE                                                                               IA   N4
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X,    SCHOOLJ                                                                                \ \
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- - - -   PROJECI BOUNDARY _  .On, .                                       \.'_
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i 30,000N.                    CHANGWAI
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. / .gV \ t:1 ~~~~~~-    .                                         CHe ...  LINE
&         \'.,SI\\                           LEN
.                               �      RES,  H ,  ,  .   I  , , ,_,, , ..R.COUE  
D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S~En                                                                     TOEASMER
t                                                                                                              C
I  I  I  I   I               I        I                        I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-      -POJC   OUDR  20  I  0
AMPHOE          0       1       2 Km~~~TEA
O  FIGURE    F-i     Cont'd~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RA                                                         HrzntlGrihc cl
m                                                                                                                                                       LM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LMJ  2~~~~~~~~~~~~APHELN
o                                                                                   _I
LEGEND~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
t     .                 ,,rrDr                                        sss.r oof                                    - s60.r sODA WOW
>
0  100 200 mm
E=ZM                          ~~~~m
Vertical  Graphic Scale                       m
m
B1AI 1Ifl                                                                                    0        1       2 Km                         -
------_                         o. p.,n                                                              Horiztotal  Graphic ScOcW                      2
-   Th.-n             I e
_-.        PROJECI BOUNDARY 1190,hI       .
-- - -   PROJECT eOUNoARY l 20m I                      t \*                            '       -            T In.wk
-    GAS PIPE LINE                                                                ZS.>tIlTI
(i  CMANGWAT                                                        \                  ss-                       *X�l(                              $
. *     AtDMPHOE                                     /                 s \                                        -  
ROAD 
-          RAILROA-
CHANGWAI LINE                                                                     A                  bq014 Al KI'0
---       AAPIOE LINE                                                                                                                             * 
RIVER                                                                                                          A.MPNOE CHOM
tS rloc  t _ POND
LEGEND                                                                                                                LNDE
*.I|     HOUSE                                                                                                                        m
SCHOOL
&      REST HOUSE
MIIONASTERY
O       INSTITUTION
TEAM          >
M -~
C)                            FIGURE         F-i         Cont'd                                                                                                                                            TEAM           Z'
-A                                                                                                                                                                 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~n.



{~~~~~W VA                                            ,    ,                                                      ,    , __                                            -                                                          .E
2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                                                                                                                                                                                           r
.5z, %04                                         0'-                                                                                                                        100  200 M. 
<>    s i  ~~~~~-    ,aa ew<ntet84 ~~~~~~~Verlical: Graphic Scale   .r
-               ThOoKE j.of9
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I  l__ hll) liO
SYMB(I.                                 O  >z                     C. 
-   PROJECT  BOUNDARY I 2O0m 1)       e        *a                                   --
-   GAS PIPE LINE              ;                          4 _
0ij     CHANGWAT                                                                                       0        _                TFI
*       AMPHOE                                                                          *- K.j.
I bO 000N                             R AILROAD
CHANGWAT LINE                                       CNn  K,oY,i _
-  - -      AMPHOE LINE
.           =      ~~~~~RIVER                                                                                                        ;. ___ 
POND
LEGEND
- *4--  HOUSE                                                                                                                              INDEX
.        SCHOOL
REST HOUSE
MONASTERY
o       INSTITUTION
I    �        ~   ~I                                            p                   I  . II|           _  I                  p                   
TEAM
>)                                FIGURE   F-i                Cont'd                                                                                                                                                                        M
C) 
m .
_                                                                                                                 .                              _



<                               S803 eOQE                                          Sfii.0ofE                                        ItSS9.OON                                            SWSOIIE
0 100 200m
SYMBOL                               \           /        tct-t  wY  so aLaFc                                                    Vertical  Graphic Scale
_     PROJECT  BOUNDARY  lOOI/I
- - - -   PROJECT BOUNDARY f 20._                                                                                                              Horizontal  Graphic Scale
6a  CHANGWAT                                                                                                                                  IN,PEX' 
*    . RAMPHOE                                                   LEGEND
ROAO
RAILROAD                                     H*.        hOUSE
CANGCWAT LINE                                           SCHOOL
- -     AMPHOE LINE                                    j        REST HOUSE
i rOQON                          RIVER                                                  MONASTERY
PONO                                           0        INSTiTUTiON
I ,            I         ,         ,         ,         I,.                           ..,
TEAM           >,
m
e                              . FIGURE   F-i                   Cont'd                                                                                                                                                                          Z
-n



APPENDIX G
- LIST OF KEY-INFORMANT FOR IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW
- DETAILS OF QUESTIONNAIRES FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-1
LIST OF KEY-INFORMANI FOR iN-DEPTH ;,N, I`RVI5A
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT. OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT
Name                                             .oirnOrganrzason
1GssstnctenLOiiclal
.   1  Mr THANONG UTHANSAKUL                  Commercial Provmncal Head                           Commercial Provncial Ofhce
1.2   Mr BURI THAMMARAK                       Assistant ot Distrct Oficer                         lhe Office ot Ihong Pna Pnum District
1.3   Mr. SOMBAT YANGSUNG                     Public Heatth Ofce                                  Public Health otfice of Thong Pha Phum
District
1 4  Col. WITOON DISSAYABUTR                  Deputy Thai-Mvanma Border Central Head              ThaiMyanrna Border Control Office
1.5   Mr. THANAKORN WICHAIKUL                 Assistant of Thong Pha Phum Reforestation Otfice    Thong Pha Phum Retorestation Office
1 6  Mr. JINDA PHOTHONG                       Member of Province Parliament
17   Mr. SURAPOL MALIHOM                      Public Health District Offcer                       Thong Pha PhLm District Public Health
Office
1.8   Mr PRATHEUNG YEAMYART                   Assisant District Officer                           The Office of Sar Yok District
1.9   Mr. WiSOUT WARASUP                      Assistant District Officer                          The Office of Dan Makham Tia Distrct
1 10  Mrs. SAMNAO LOPRAKANSIT                  Public Health District Officer                     Public Heafth Office of Dan Makham Tia
District
2.  Commercial Ban
2.1   Ms WERAWAN KRiSSANALOAM                  Manager                                             Krung Thai Bank of Thong Pha Phum
Branch
2.2   Mrs. NARUMOL KAMONWARAPHITAK             Manager                                             Krung Thai Bank of Sai Yok Branch
2.3   Mr. JUMPOL WANCHALAKAMOL                 Manager                                             Thai Commercial Bank of Dan Makham Te
Branch
31   Mr. SOMCHAI PRECHA                        Assistant Manager                                   Green World Hot Sprnng Hotel Resort
and Gotf Club
3.2   Mr PRASIT PHECHOY                                                                            Phung Wan Resort
3.3   Mr APHIWAT TOKRISSANA                    Manager                                             Pong Su Da Resort
3.4   Mr. SURACHAI SOTMANEE                    Manager                                             Surachai Hardware
3.5   Mr. SUNTI SUNTHONG                       Manager                                             Chonnabot REstaurant
4. LocaLLeader
4.1   Mr. SUNTI AMEKONG                        Asistant of Subdistrict Chief                       Pi-Lock Subdistnct
4.2   Mr. SURASAK SUTHI                        Subdistrict Chief                                   Huai Kaveang Subdistrict
4.3   Mr. WICHIEN THINSAMRAN                   Subdistrict Chief                                   Lin-Thin Subdistrict
4 4  Mr. SOMSAK SURIYAWONG                     Village Leader                                      M. 7 Lum Sum Subdistrict
ENVl004fi7t30/TAeG-1.DOC                                                                                                            PAGE  G-1



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-1 (Cont'd)
Name                                              Posrton                                        COrga':anton
RATCHARURI PROVINCE
1   Lccl Otficial
1.1   Mr PRECHA TERASONG                       Commercial Provincial Head                           ComrercAal Provincial Offce
1.2   Mt PHEUMSRI SAWATDHIWAT                                                                       Chont Bung Dstict Othce
1.3   Mrs BOONPROM INTHAPHIRA                  Public Health Officer                                Public Healh Office of Chom Bung Dstnct
1.4   Mrs MALI TABTiMTHCjNG                    Pubic Heatth Otficer                                Public Heatth Ofthce ot Ratchaburi Province
2   Commercal Bank
2.1   Mr. SAMPOL APHIKULCHATIKIJ               Manager                                              Bangkok Bank of Chorn Bung Branch
2.2   Mr. SAWAI SILAPAPHISUN                   Manager                                              Bangkok Bank of Ratchabur, Branch
3 BumSIess
31  Mr. JUKREE CHINANGKUL                      General Manager                                      Golden City Hotel
4. LMaL.Leafet
41  Mr. THAWIL SAMTHONGKLUM                    Village Head                                         M. 2 kam Oun Sub DIstrict
ENV10oO4f7l30/TABG-l.D0C                                                                                                             PAGE  G-2



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                               FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
Number of Questionnaire
Interviewer            J
Editor
FORM A
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF
NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT
FROM YADANA FIELD TO RATCHABURI: SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY
Name                   IHH. Number                 Village Name               Village
Number        Sub-district               District
Province
1.    GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1    Sex
71) Male                                 _2) Female
1.2    Age           Yrs.
1.3    Household Status
_1) Household Heads                      _2) Spouse
_3) Children, Son/Daughter in law        _4) Sibling
_5) Other (Specified)
1.4    Education
_1) No Schooling                          _2) Primary
_3) Secondary School (M1-M3)             _4) High School or E,quivalent
5) Vocational Diploma                     6) Bachelor Degree
ENV1O04fI7145/QUES-A.DOC                                                   PAGE G-3



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
1.5    Region
_1) Buddishism                         _2) Christianity
_3) Islam                              _4) Other (Specified)
1.6    Originai Domicile
_1) Born here                          _2) Other Village in the Tambon
_3) Other Tambon in the District       _4) Other District in the Province
_5) Other Province in the Region       _6) Other the Region
1.7   If Mitigated from other Place the Cause of Migration
_1) Seek Job                           _2) Foilow Parents/Relatives
_3) Have spouse Here                   _4) No Agricultural Land
_5) Work Requirement                   _6) Other (Specified)
1.8   Living Here Since BE. _  _    (In the Case of Continuous Stay).
If not Specify Range of Time Living Here
1.9   Amount of Time Living Here         year.
1.10   Present Housing Condition.
_1) Wood House                         _2) Wood/Concrete House
_3) Concrete Building                  _....4) Wooden Shophouse
_5) Concrete Shophouse                 _6) Town House
_7) Other (Specified)
ENV1004,97145/oUES-A.DoC                                               PAGE G-4



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
2.   SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION
2.1    Permanent Household Members  _    persons, Male             Femalle
No    Relationship wnth   Sex   Age         Education                  OccupationL
Household Head
Pre-     In-     Highest     Main      Supplementary
School   School   Attained   occupation  occupation
2.
3.
4.
5.
_6. ______- __ ==__ =__ _=__ ____
7.1
Notes:   Occupation Code
1) Agriculture               2) Gov. OfficiaVState Enterprise
3) Hired Farmiabour          4) Industrial Worker
5) Business (Trade/Industry)   6) private Employee
7) Service (Clothing, barber, etc.)
8) Other (Specified)
2.2    Present Main Occupation (Check Only One)
_1) Agricufture (Specified)
_2) Hired Farmlabour (Specified)
__3) Trading/Private Career (Specified)
4) Industrial Worker
_5) General Employee/Hired Labour
6) Gov. Officer/Public Enterprise
_7) Other (Specified)
ENV1004/97145[0UES-A.DOC                                                        PAGE G-5



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
2.3    Supplementary Occupations
_1) Agriculture (Specified)
_2) Hired Farmlabour (Specified)
_3) Trading/Private Career (Specified)
_4) Industrial Worker
_5) General Employee/Hired Labour
_6) Gov. Officer/Public Enterprise
_7) Other (Specified)
2.4   Total Household Income                   Baht/Month
2.5    Estimate Household Expense               Baht/Month (Bahttyear)
2.6   Income Sufficiency for Expense
_1) Yes
2) No
2.7    Present Debts             Baht, Purpose of Borrow
_1) Household Expense
_2)  Buy Asses
3)  Product Investment
_4) Children Education
_5)  Medical Care
_6)  Other (Specified)
ENV1004/971 AstUES-A.DOC                                                PAGE G-6



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
2.8    Land Holding Status
Type of Land                   Land Holding       Land Use       Distance from Gas
Holding                        Status                            Pipeline (m)
1. Residential land
2. Productive land
Plot 1
Plot 2
Plot 3              _                 _                __
Notes:   Land Holding Code
1) Owner                           2) Rented Land
3) Free Use of Other's Land 4) Other (Specified)
21
Land Use Code
1) Cropping (Specified)            2) Animal Raising
3) Idle                            4) Other (Specified)
2.9    Household Asset
_1) House Number_    Unit,         value                      Baht/Unit
Total value __=    ____ Baht
_2) Land                Rai,       value                      Baht/Unit
Total value                Baht
2.10   Transportation
2.10.1  Main Road for Travelling or Earring Produces
2.10.2 Type of Regular Use Road
_1 ) Asphaltic
_2) Latterite
3) Dirt
_4) Other (Specified)
ENV1004197145/OUES-A.OaC                                                     PAGE G-7



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G FORM A
2.10.3 Road Status
_1) Use all Year Round
_2) Good Only in Dry Season
_3) Rough but can be Use all Year
4) Other (Specified)
3.    INFORMATION RECEIVING AND ATTITUDE ABOUT THE PROJECT
3.1    Are you received Information about the Natural Gas Pipeline from  Myanma -
Ratchaburi.
_1) No receive
_2) Received the First Information
_1) Letter from PTT
2) PTT staff
3) Local Government Officer
4) Newspaper
_5) Radio
_6) Television
_7) Community Head
8) Neighbour
_9) Other (Specified)
3.2    You Think How Much You Know about the Project
_1)  Not at all
_2) Considerable Understanding
_3) Good/Understanding
_4) Other (Specified)
ENV1004/97 145I1UES.A.DOC                                                PAGE G-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                                                                                                                                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
3.3    During Construction Phase, What Kind of Impact you got
Impact on you and                                               Impact on                               Impact on Neamess
Parents                                         Community                                                   Area
Positive Effect
.  .. ..................                            ................. .... ..............               ............................. ..                       ..................................
2.....................                              ....... ................................ ........................................ ....... ...................................
3.....................                              ...................................                  .................................                    ...................................
Negative Effect
1...........
2...........
~~~~~~~~~~.   ....................    ..............................                      ....................................                  ........... .................... ..... 
2~~ ~~~~~~~. ....................       ..........................                           ...................................                  .. .................................
3.  ....................                   ,         ......... ..........................                 ..............................                       ...................................
3.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
3.4               During Operating Phase, What kind of Impact you got
Impact on you and                                      I  Impact on                                          Impact on Other                                                  Other
Parents                                         Community                                        Nearness Area
Positive Effect
1  ...................................................... .......................                                                                  ....   ...................................
2. .......................................................                                                ...................................   ...................................
3.....................                               ...................................   ...................................                                          .............................
Negative Effect
1.....................                               .......                                              ...................................  ..............................
2. ....................................................... ...................................   ...................................
ENV1004N7i4SIQUES-A.OC                                                                                                                                                                       PAGE G-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
3.5    How much you Trust the Safety of the Project
_1)  100%                        _2) Very much
_3)  Considerably                 _4)  Not much
_5)  Not at ail                  _86) Other (Specified)
3.6    Attitude and Reaction of the Project
_1) Agree Because
_2) Worried About
_3) Not Agree Because                  ....
3.7    What is your Opinion of Land Expropriation
1) Agree with Noncondition
_2) Agree if Received Appropriate Compensation.
_3) Not agree Because
4) Not sure depend on
_5) Other (Specified) .
3.8    What is Your Opinion of Land Acquisition
_1) Agree with Non Condition
2) Agree if Received Appropriate Compensation
_3) Protest Because
_4) Not Sure Deepened On
_5) Other (Specified)
3.9    Opinion about the Compensation
3.9.1  Have you ever receive information about the compensation of the project.
_1) No
_2) Yes
3.9.2  in the rase of Compensation !nformation, Are you Satisfartion
_1) Not Satisfaction Because
_2) Satisfaction Because
ENVtOoAN7146/0UES-A .XC                                                PAGE G-10



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM A
3.9.3  How the Appropriate Compensation do you think.
4.    OTHER OPINIONS/SUGGESTION
ENVIo4lg715 i wUES.A.DOC                                                PAGE G-11



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM B
Number of Questionnaire
Interviewer _ _/_
Editor
FORM B
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF
NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT
YADANA FIELD TO RATCHABURI: SOCIO ECONOMIC STUDY
Interview Name-Surname
Age       Yrs. Education
Occupation _    _     Position
Business' Name
Business or Work characteristic
Location             Sub District     _       District           Province
Business Status (Big, Medium, Small)
Number of Employee
Business Economic Status (Good, Average, Poor)
ENV 1O04S7145/COUES8 DOC                                                   PAGE G-12



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G - FORM B
1.       KNOWLEDGE OF PROJECT INFORMATION
- -   Information Content
- Source of Information
2.       PROJECT IMPACT
-   Cost of Land
-   Land Use
-   Transportation
-   Economic Growth
-   Wnpact on Socio / Culture
-   Government / Community Development
-   Awareness Toward Natural Resources
-   Public - Health
-   Education
-   Aesthetic / Tourism
- Other (Specified)
3.       ATTITUDE OF THE PROJECT
4.       OTHER OPINION AND SUGGESTION
ENV1004A97145IQUES.SBOC                                                   PAGE G-13



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-2
RESPONDENT'S GENERAL INFORMATION
Items                                  Directly affected group
No.                Y
Number of Respondent                                                  136            100.00
1 Sex
-  Male                                                           71              52.21
-  Female                                                         65              47.79
2. Age
< 20 yfs                                                        2               1 47
-  20 - 30 yrs                                                    28              20.59
-  31 - 40 yrs                                                    42              30.88
-  41 - 50 yrs                                                    24              17.65
.  51 -60 yrs                                                     23              16.91
> 60 yrs                                                       17              12.50
Age average (yrs)                                              43.15
3   Houshold Status
-  Leader                                                         75              55.15
-  Spouse                                                         35              25.74
-  Off springs/in-laws                                            22              1618
-  Brothersisisters                                                2               1 47
-  Parents                                                          2              1.47
4   Education
no schooling                                                   15              11.03
-  Primary level                                                  95              69.85
-  Secondary level                                                 8               5.88
-  Vocational                                                      13              9.56
-  University/Collage                                              5               3.68
5. Religion
-  Buddhism                                                      135              99.26
-  Christianrty                                                     1              0.74
6   Housing Condition
-  One story wooden house                                         76              55.88
-  One story concrete house                                       48              35.29
-  One story half wood, hate concrete house                         1              0.74
-  Wooden shophouse                                                6               4 41
-  Concrete shophouse                                               5              3.68
ENv1ss4/97r30TrABG-2.DOC                                                                                            PAGE G-14



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-3
DOMICILE AND MIGRATION
Items                               Directly Affected Group
No.             %
Number of Respondent                                            136          100.00
1.  Origin Domicile
-  Born here                                                 34           25.00
-  Migrated from other village of this subdistrict            9            6.62
-  Migrated from other subdistrict of this district          10            7.35
-  Migrated from other district of this province            32            23.53
-  Migrated from other province of this region               29           21.32
-  Minrated from other region                                22           16.18
2.  Causes of In-migration                                      102
-  To find job                                              47            46.08
-  Follow parents/relatives                                  20           19.61
-  To get married here                                       14        - 13.73
-  No land to work on                                        16           15.69
-  Follow working place                                       2            1.96
-  To work in minimg                                          1            0.98
-  Like the atmosphere here                                   2            1.96
3.  Year of living here
-  < 5 years                                                 16           11.76
-  5-0 years                                                 27           19.85
-  11 - 20 years                                             18           13.24
-  > 20 years                                                75           55.15
Average (Years)                                           23.57
ENV1OO4/9713OTASG.3.00C                                                                   PAGE G-15



EIA OF VADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-4
HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE
Items                            Directly Affected Group
No.      T      %
Number of Respondent                                         136          100.00
1.  Household members
-  Male                                                 2.10           48.72
-  Female                                               2.21           51.28
Average (person/HH.)                                    4.31          100.00
2.  Age of household member (person/1-1H.)
*  < 7 years                                            0.49           11.37
-  7-13 years                                           0.57           13.23
-  14-20 years                                          0.63           14.62
-  21-60 years                                          2.33           54.06
-  > 60 years                                           0.29            6.73
Average (Years)                                        43.00
3.  Household members education Iperson/HH.)
-  No schooling                                         0.19            4.41
-  Being in school (student)                            0.96           22.27
-  Not reach school age                                 0.39            9.05
-  Primary level                                        2.23           51.74
-  SecondaryNocational                                  0.36            8.35
-  College/University                                   0.18            4.18
4.  Household members working condition                     4.31
-  Working (person/HH.)                                 2.76           64.04
-  Not working (person/HH.)                             1.55           35.96
*  Before school age                                 0.39           25.16
*  Students                                          0.95           61.29
* Old aged                                           0.10            6.45
*  Crippled                                          0.01            0.65
*  Unemployed                                        0.05            3.23
*  Housewife                                         0.04            2.58
* Ordinated (in monkhoodl                            0.01            0.65
ENV100497130frABG-4.DOC                                                                         PAGE G-16



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-5
OCCUPATION
Items                      Directly Affected Group
No.
Number of Respondent                                136        100.00
1. Present household main occupation
Agriculture                                   79         58.09
Activities
. Tea plantation                               5          6.33
* Frui tree (mixed)                           17         21.52
. Cashcrops (cotton, maize etc.)              52         65.82
� Silk worm production                         5          6.33
Hired farm labour                              6          4.41
Activities
. Flowers growing                              1         16.67
* Planting and Cultivating                     2         33.33
* Carrying bamboo shoot                        1         16.67
* Weeding                                       1        16.67
* Garden keeper                                 1        16.67
Trading/Business                              30         22.06
Activities
* Grocery                                      18        60.00
* Foed/Candy shop                              7         23.33
* Garment shop                                 2          6.67
* Charcoal selling                              1         3.33
* Cash-crop buying/Selling                     2          6.67
- Industrial worker                               4          2.94
- Wage labour                                     6          4.41
- Government official/State enterprise            7          5.15
* Mine worker                                     3          2.21
* Living,on money sent by off-spring              1          0.74
ENVl004J7130/TABG-.SDOC                                                              PAGE G-17



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                             FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-5 (Cont'd)
Items                    I Directly Affected Group 
No.            %
Number of Respondent                                 136        100.00
2. Household supplementary occupation
No                                             63          46.32
- Yes                                             73          53.68
- Agriculture                                    9         12.33
Activities
� Tea plantation                              1         11.11
* Cash crop growing                           8         88.89
- Farm Labour                                   31         42.47
Ativities
* Flowers growing                             2          6.45
. Planting and Cultivating                   22         70.97
* Carrying bamboo shoot                       2          6.45
* Weeding                                     5         16.13
- Trading/Business                              11         15.07
Activities
* Grocery                                     5         45.45
. Food/Candy shop                             2         18.18
. Garment shop                                1          9.09
. Chacoal selling                             1          9.09
* BooksNDO business                           1          9.09
. Cash-Crop buying/selling                    1          9.09
- Industrial work                                4          5.48
- Wage labour                                   18         24.66
ENV 10049713OTABG.SD0C                                                                   PAGE G-18



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-6
INCOME - EXPENDIT'uRE
Items                         Directly Affected Group
No.             %
Number of Respondenm                                   136          100.00
1.  Household income 18aht/HH..
< 3,000                                            16           11.76
-  3.000 - 6,000                                    61           44.85
-  6.001 - 9,000                                    24           17.65
-  9.001 - 12,000                                   14           10.29
-  12,001 - 15,000                                   7            5.15
-     15,000                                        14           10.29
Average (BahtiMonth)                          9,176
4.  Househc.id epedture &aVHlH.)
-  <3,000                                           33           24.26
3,000 - 6,000                                      49           36.03
*  6,001 - 9,000                                    21           15.44
9,001 - 12,000          '                           9            6.62
-  12:001 - 15.000                                   7            5.15
-  > 15,000                                         17           12.50
Average (Baht/Month)                          8.960
3.  Comparision of inome/expenditere
-  Sufficient                                      108           79.41
*  Not sufficient                                   28           20.59
4. Household debts
-  No                                               94           69.12
.  Yes                                              42           30.88
Outstanding debts (Baht/HH)                  24,352
Loan obSeives
-  Household expenses                            10           23.81
-  Buy property                                   4            9.52
-  Produutrve investment                         27           64.29
-  Educational costs                              1            2.38
ENV150A/7130fTA8G-.ODC                                                                                    PAGE G-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-7
HOUSEHOLD PROPERTY
Items                            Directly Affected Group
No.               %
Number of Respondent                                        136           100.00
1.   Housing
-  Number (unit/HH.)                                  1.06
-   Present cost (Baht/unit)                      187,913
-  Value (Baht)                                   199,188
2.   Household Land
-  Number (rai/HH.)                                  47.81
- Price according to land document (B/rai)
-  Title need/NS. 3                           176,830
-  Reserved forest                             76,888
-  Tax receipts (Po Bo To 5/6)                 63,235
-  So Po Ko                                    35,000
-  Average land price (BahtVrai)                  143,744
-  Value (Baht)                                 6,872,401
ENV1004197 M3OITABG.7.DOC                                                        PAGE G-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-8
HOUSEHOLD AND LAND USE
Items                     Directly Affected Group
No.              %
Number of'Respondent                          136           100.00
Land holding (rai/HH.)
-  Maximum                             2,005
-  Minimum                              0.01
-  Average                             47.81
2.   Land holding category
Residentia!
-  Owner with document                    94            69.12
-  Rent from others                        6             4.41
-  Allowed to use free of charge          17            12.50
-  Mining residential block                6             4.41
-  Reserved forest                        13             9.56
Farm land
-  Owner with document                    81            59.56
-  Rent from others                       21            15.44
-  Allowed to use free of charge           8             5.88
-  Mining residential block                0             0.00
-  Reserved forest                        26            19.12
3.   Land use (raVHH.)                       47.81
-  Residential                           1.17            2.45
-  Farm land                           46.64            97.55
4.   Distance for gas pipeline
-  Don't know                            115            84.56
-  Know                                   21            15.44
*  Residential (m)                 137.37
.  Farm land (m)                   145.33
ENV 1004197130fTrASG-S.DOC                                                        PAGE G-21



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-9
TRAVELLING / ROAD USE FREQUENCY
Items                                  Directly Affected Group
No.
Number of Respondent                                                 136             100.00
1.    Main routes for travelling or carrying products
Ban Rai - P-Tong                                            8               5.88
o   Once a week                                             4              50.00
o   Once a month                                            3              37.50
o   3 times/week                                            1              12.50
o   Once a day
Ban Rai - Thong Pha Phum                                   11               8.09
o   Once a week                                             2              18.18
o   Once a month                                            4              36.36
o   3 times/week
o   Once a day                                              5              45 45
Phu Thong - Kui Yae                                        12               8.82
o   Once a week                                            12             100.00
o   Once a month                                             -
o 3 times/week
o   Once a day
Kanchanaburi - Sangklaburn                                  9               6.62
o   Once a week                                             1              11.11
o   Once a month                                            1              11.11
o   3 times/week                                             1              11.11
o   Once a day                                              6              66.67
Kaeng Raboed - Yang Ton                                    14              10.29
o   Once a week                                             1               7.14
o   Once a month                                             -
o   3 times/week
o   Once a day                                             13              92.86
Yang Thon- Ban Kao                                         15              11 03
o   Once a week                                             5              33.33
o   Once a month                                             1              6.67
o   3 times/week
o   Once a day                                              9              60.00
Phu Noi - Sai Yok                                          1I               8.09
o Once a week
o   Once a month                                            2              18.18
o   3 times/week
o   Once a day                                              9              81.82
ENvlI00497130,7ABG 9.D0oc                                                                                       PAGE G-22



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-9 (Cont'd)
Items                                  Directly Affected Group
No.               %
LLun Sai - Huaj Sai Khao                                    9               6.62
o   Once a week                                             2              22.22
o   Once a month                                             .
o   3 nmesiweek                                              .
o   Once a day                                              7               77.78
Dan Makham Tia - Kanchanaburi                              24               17.65
o   Once a week                                             2                8.33
o   Once a month                                             1               4.17
o   3 times/week                                            2                8.33
o   Once a day                                             19              79.17
Huai Nam Khao - Dan Makham Tia                              3                2.21
o   Once a week
o   Once a month
o   3 times/week
o   Once a day                                              3              100.00
Sai Yok - Dan Makham Tia                                    2                1.47
c   Once a week                                              -
o   Once a month
o   3 timesAweek
o   Once a day                                              2              100.00
-   Chiom Bung - Ratchaburi                                     18               13.24
o   Once a week                                             2               11.11
o   Once a month                                             -
o   3 times/week                                            2               11.11
o   Once a day                                               1               5.56
2.    Types of regular used road
-   Asphalt                                                     79              58.09
-   Laterite                                                    26              19.12
-   Dirt                                                         2                1.47
-   Party asphaltic, partly latenitic                           29              21.32
3.     Road condition
-   Good all year round                                         74              54.41
-   Good only in dry season                                      7               5.15
-   Rough but can be used all year                              55              40.44
ENV o14j/97 3TrASG-9.00C                                                                                         PAGE G-23



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                  FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-10
AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PROJECT
it mI                               Directiy Affected GrouD
No.                        _
Number of Respondent                                            136             100.00
1.    Project information reception
No                                                    80              58.82
Yes                                                   56              41.18
Information sources (first time)
*   PTT officials                                      3               5.36
*   District/provincial officials                      5               8.93
*   Newspaper                                          8              14.29
*   Radio                                              7              12.50
*   TV                                                 5               8.93
*   Kamnan/Village head                                4               7.14
*   Neighbour                                         24              42.86
2.    Knowledge/Understanding of the project
Not at all                                           110              80.88
Considerably                                          24              17.65
Well awared/Good understanding                         2               1.47
3.    Confidence on gas pipeline safety
Fully (100%)                                          21              15 44
Very confident                                        16              11.76
Considerably confident                                35              25.74
Not so much confident                                 59              43.38
Not at all                                             5               3.68
4.    Anitude and reaction toward the project
Agree                                                108              79.41
Worried                                               23              16.91
Not agree                                              5               3.68
Reasons for agreeing
*   More work for local people                         9               8.33
*   more power for the nation                         78              72.22
*   Improve community economic                        21              1944
Reasons for wornness
*   Accidents/danger (from gas pipeiine)              23             100.00
Reasons for not agreeable
*   Afraid of gas leakage/not safe                     5              21.74
ENV100497130rTABGI-o.OOC                                                                                     PAGE G-24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                               FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-1 1
IMPACT DERIVED FROM THE PROJECT DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
Items                                  Directly Affected Group
No. _
Number of Respondent                                                      136          100.00
Impacts on self/famiiy
Positive
-  No                                                             48           35.29
-  Yes (multiple answer)                                          88           64.71
*  More work for local                                         74           84.09
*  PTT may improve road for convenient uses                    11           12.50
*  Better trading                                               9           10.23
*  High land price                                              3            3.41
Negative
-  No                                                             62            45.59
Yes (multiple answer)                                          74           54.41
*  Reduce forest products                                       4            5.41
*  Afraid of land will be lost                                 13           17.57
*  Inconvenient travelling during construction                 26           35.14
*  Noise, dust and vibration pollution                         21           28.38
*  Obstruct ir. occupational pursuing                           5            6.76
*  Worry about safety                                           8           10.81
2.  Impacts on the community
Positive
No                                                             26           19.12
Yes (multiple answer)                                         110           80.88
*  More work for local                                         93           84.55
*  PTT may improve road for convenient uses                    24           21.82
*  Better trading                                              16           14.55
*  High land price                                              4            3.64
*  Reduce forest destruction                                    3            2.73
Because villagers get job in the project
ENVIOO<NY71301TABGftI -DOC                                                                  PAGE G-25



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                         FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE 1-7
NONINSTANTANEOLJS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION
(JET DISPERSION AT 100% PIPE LEAK)
LF!L %do%G = 5.00
Distance, x                 C,                        u      D, D U.w* 
(m)       (kg/m3)      ppm.   | % Volume         (MIS)       (mvs)       (m)       (mn)    (kg/m3)   (kg/rn)
1      4.220     4,604,384      460.44                  5.78x105    1.067     1.067      0.88      0.88
5      1.110      1.209,900     121.00    9.407.200.00
10      0.578       630,020       63.02    4.686.800.00
15      0.391       426.190       42.62    3.120,800.00
20      0.295       321,550       32.16    2.33q.200.00
25      0237        258.330       25.83    1.870.688.00
30      0.198       215.820       21.58    1,558.533.33
35      0.170       185.300       18.53    1,335,657.14
40      0.150       163.500       16.35    1.168.550.00
45      0.130       141,700       14.17    1,038,607.41
50      0.120       130,800       13.08     934,672.00
55      0.110       119,900       11.99     849.64628
60      0.100       109,000       10.90     778,799.99
65      0.090        98.100        9.81     718,859.17
70      0.080        87.200        8.72     667.488.71
75      0.080        87,200        8.72     622,965.33
100      0.060        65,400        6.54     467,168.00
125      0.040        43.600        4.36     373,707.52
150      0.040        43,600        4.36     311,407.99
175      0.040        32,700        3.27     266.911.99
200      0.030        32,700        3.27     233,542.00
300      0.020        21,800        2.18     155.685.33
500      0.010        10,900        1.09      93,40G.72
700      0.009         9.810        0.98      66,717.71
900      0.007         7,630        0.76      51,890.86
1000      0.006         6,540        0.65      46,701.68
ENVI0O4/7134rTABI-7 XLS                                                                               PAGE 1-21



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                             FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-12
EXPECTED IMPACTS AFirTR  THE PROJET'S CONSTRUCTION
HAS BEEN COMPLETED
Items                                       Directly Affected Groups
No.
Numoer of Resoonoents                                                              136           100 00
ImtSacs on selfrsrrmiy
Pcsizive
-  No                                                                          109           7941
-  Yes iMutiole a'svwer!                                                        28            0 z9
*  Convenment traveling                                                       4           14 29
*  More worK for loca!                                                        7           25.00
*  Benter tracing and Dusness                                                4            14.29
*  Having electricitY use                                                    14           50 co
Negatlwe
No                                                                           60           58 82
-  Yes (Multiole answefl                                                        56           41. 18
*  Atraio of accioents                                                      46            82.14
*  Material from construcmion may be oDstructed for farming                  4             7 14
*  Low land orice                                                            11           19.64
2   Impacts on community
Positive
-  No                                                                           75           55 .15
-  Yes IMultipte answerl                                                        61           44.05
*  Convenien- travelling                                                     12           19.67
*  Economic growth                                                          32            52.46
*  Government jnit give more attention to community                         13            21.31
*  Having electricity use                                                    14           22.95
Negative
-  No                                                                           69           5074
-  Yes (Multiple answer)                                                        67           49,26
*  Kareng wil create oroblem/destrov gas pipeline                            14           20 90
*  Afraid of accident/denger                                                42            62.69
*  Material from construction may be obstructed for farming                   3            4.48
*  Pipeline route may be obstructed for farming                              3             4 48
*  Low land price                                                            10           14.93
3   Impacts on vicinity
Positive
No                                                                          108           79.41
-  Yes (Multiple answer)                                                        28            20.59
*  Convenient travelling                                                      3           10.71
*  More work tor locals                                                       5           17.86
*  Having electricity use                                                   20            71.43
Negative
-  No                                                                          132           97.06
-  Yes (Multiple answerli                                                        4             2.94
Kareng will create problem/destrOy gas pipeline                            1           25.00
-  Low travell because of atratd in accident/danger                           3           75.00
ENva0on7s30ttASG.12.DOC                                                                                                  PAGE  G-27



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-13
OPINION ON LAND APPROPRIATION AND RIGHTS TO USE LAND
FOR GAS PIPELINE
Items                                 Directly Affected Group
No.              %
Number of Respondent                                                  136          100.00
1.  Opinion on land appropriation
Accept without conditton                                         4            2.94
Accept with right compensation                                  93           68.38
Not accept                                                      19           13.97
Not sure                                                        18           13.24
No opinion                                                       2            1.47
Reasons for not accept
*  Being afraid of having pipeline through the land             12           63.16
*  Living here long, don't want to move away                     6           31.58
*  Afraid of gas explosion                                       1            5.26
Not sure, depending on
*  PTT's proposal for compensation                              10           55.56
*  Amount of land to be lost                                     4           22.22
*  The malority voice of those having impacts                    2           11.11
*  Land owner's will decide (tenants)                            2           11.11
2.  Opinions on rights to use land for gas pipeline
Accept without condition                                        22           16.18
Accept with right compensation                                  88           64.71
Not accept                                                      12            8.82
Not sure                                                        12            8.82
No opinion                                                       2            1.47
Not accept
*  Receive compensation less than land                           2           16.67
appropriation
*  Afraid of accident/denger                                     4           33.33
*  Low land price                                                4           33.33
*  Obstruct occupation pursuring                                 2           16.67
Not sure
*  PTT's proposal for compensation                               7           58.33
*  The majority voice of those having impacts                    2           16.67
*  Land owner's will decide (tenants)                            3           25.00
ENvioo4An7130/TABG.13 DOC                                                                             PAGE G-28



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                  FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-14
OPINION ON APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION
Items                             Directly Affected Groups
No.           %
Number of Respondents                                             136        100.00
Methods:
- Land appropriation                                              2          1.47
- Compensation rate should be similared as actual condition      96        70.59
- Land in the reserved forest should be compensated               3          221
- Having many methods according to the affectd condition          4          2.94
- Up to government decision                                     11           8.09
- No answer                                                      20         14.71
Conditions:
- Affected people should be represented in compensation           5          3.68
committee
- Compensation should be paid all in lump sum                    97         71.32
- Find new land with similar condition                            3          2.21
- Giving help for affected people who own land and housing        3          2.21
appropriately
- Up to government decision                                      11          8.09
- No answer                                                      17         12.50
ENV1004/971301TASG-14.DOC                                                     PAGE G-29



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-15
ADDITIONAL OPINIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Items                             Directly Affected Groups
No.            %
Number of Respondents                                               136        100.00
No                                                             82         60.29
Yes                                                            54         39.71
- Gas pipeline should not be closed to community                7         12.96
- Should be built quickly so that locals can have               6         11.11
work to do
- Should have the effective PR program                         13         24.07
- Give importance to safety measures to control                13         24.07
accidents/ dangers from gas pipeline
- Should select area with the least afferted to people          8         14.81
- All affectd people should be surveyed to get                  1          1.85
opinion
- Should be constructed to prevent power shortage               3          5.56
- Electrict plant should be built at Kanchanaburi               3          5.56
province
ENV�104197130,TABG 1s5oC                                                           PAGE G-30



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-16
GENERAL INFORMATION OF IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW RESPONDENTS
Item                              Number       Percentage
Total Number of Respondents                                       30        100.00
1.   Number of respondent classified by work/business
-  Local gov't officials                                    14         46.67
-  Bank employee                                             5         16.67
-  Businesses                                                6         20.00
*  Hotels/Inns                                           4         66.67
*  Food shop                                             1         16.67
*  Hardware store                                        1         16.67
-  Local leaders                                             5         16.67
2.   Age (Years)
-  Not more than 30 yrs.                                     2          6.67
-  31 - 40                                                  11         36.67
-  41 - 50                                                   9         30.00
-  More than 50 yrs.                                         8         26.67
Average (Years)                                      42.10
3.   Education
-  Primary                                                   5         16:67
-  Secondary / Vocational                                   10         33.33
-  Bachelor ! High Bachelor                                 15         50.00
ENV1004197130/TABG-16.DOC                                                      PAGE G-31



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-17
AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PROJECT
Item                                     Indirect Affected Group
. Number T x
Total Number of Respondents                                                    30          100.00
1.  Project Information Reception
-  No                                                                       0            0.00
Yes                                                                     30          100.00
2.  Source of Information (first time)
-  PTT offic:als                                                            7           23.33
-  District / Provincial Gov't officials                                    6           20.00
-  TEAM officials                                                           4           13.33
-  Newspaper                                                                5           16.67
-  Thai-Burmese Border Patrol Military                                      2            6.67
-  Total official                                                           1            3.33
-  Local villagers                                                          5           16.67
3.  Period of Receiving Information
-  1992                                                                     3           10.00
1993                                                                     3           10.00
-  1994                                                                     8           26.67
1995                                                                    16           53.33
4.  Content of Information Received Imultiple answer)
-  Project area / gas pipeline (no details)                                22           73.33
-  Sources of raw materials                                                13           43.33
-  Expected impacts on local people                                        14           46.67
S.  Attitude and Reactions Toward the Prolect
- Agree                                                                    30          100.00
Reasons (multiple answer)
.  Improve community economic esp. during construction                  13           43.33
*  National needs to have more energy to produce electricity            11           36.67
.  More workers in the community                                         9           30.00
*  People and state coordinate for good relations                                    i0n__
ENV1OO4,07l3O/TA8G.17.DOC                                                                       PAGE G-32



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-18
EXPECTED IMPACT DERIVED FROM THE PROJECT
Item                                       Indirect Affected Group
Number   |
Total Numoer of Respondents                                                        30           100.00
1. Impact on Land price
No                                                          .              22            73.33
Because large portion of gas pipeline passes to reserved forest,        22           100.00
nationat park and by road side
-  Positive Impact                                                              6           20.00
*  High land price                                                          5            83.33
*  Those hold land in reserved torest will be accepted it PTT                1           16.67
agrees to pay them for their lost produczs
-  Negative Impact                                                              2            6.67
*  Land price reduces                                                       2           100.00
Because people do no trust the safety of gas pipeline
2. Impact on land use
-  No                                                                          30          100.00
*  Land use for gas pipeline can be used almost the                        12            40.00
the same after filling completely
*  No road / infrastructure constructure                                    9            30.00
*  viost of gas pipeline has been fixed and prevented from using            9            30.00
3. Impact on Transportation
-  No Impact                                                                   14           46.67
*  PTT will not built or improve road                                      14           100.00
-  Positive Impact                                                             14           46.67
*  PTT most likely to improve road for materials transmprtation             10           71.43
and villagers will benefit from this
*  If PTT connect roads frorn Ka-Le-On villagers will have                   3           21.43
benefit
*  Villages can have a short-cut way if PTT clears area                      1            7.14
albng Bang Rai gas pipeline
ENv1 00o47I3oTrASG- I.ooC                                                                               PAGE G-33



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIl`tLINh [HUJLt;-T                                                        HNAL REPOrI
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-18 (Cont'd)
Item                                      Indirect Affected Group
Number   T 
Total Number of Respondents                                                       30          100.00
-  Negative Impacts                                                           2             6.67
*  More forest land will be distroyed if wood is cut for                   2           14.29
the project
4.  Impact on Economic Growth
-  No Impact                                                                  8            26.67
*  Period of construction is short                                         8          100.00
-  Positive impact (multiple answeri                                         19           63.33
*  More work for local people                                             15           78.95
*  Boost economic activities (food shops, hard ware, renting              12           63.16
housing, money transfers, etc.i because more people
coming to stay during construction period
*  Land improvement for electric plant and conrected                       3           15.79
industries in Ratchaburi province
-  Negative Impact                                                            3            10.00
*  More work may result in labour shortage in some business                3          100.00
5.  Impacts on Gov't and People Development Schemes
-  No Impacts                                                                12           40.00
-  Positive impact                                                           18            60.00
*  Gov't and people are interested in the project and ready               12           66.67
to co-operate
*  Create coordination between PTT and local gov't unit                    6           33.33
6.  Impacts on Consciousness and Values of natural Gas
-  No                                                                        28            93.33
-  Yes                                                                        2             6.67
*  Local NGO's which tend to conserve natural resources                    2          100.00
may move to obstruct the project                             |               |       0.00     l
ENV1004/97130rTABG. 18.DOC                                                                            PAGE G-34



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-18 (Cont'd)
Item                                    Indirect Affected Group
Number            %
Total Number of Respondents                                                   30        100100
7,  Impacts on security / border problems
-  No Impact                                                              11          36.67
*  Turst in gas pipeline safety n,esures, border problem              11          100.00
should not be increased
-  Ye Imultiple answer)           .                                       19          63.33
* Worry about safety measure                                           8           42.11
*  Afriad to have provokation from minonty groups living              11           57.89
along the border
* Afraid Burmese internal polities will affect the project             6           31.58
8.  Impacts on Health
-  Positive                                                                5         100.00
*  Gov't pay more attention to local heafth unit                       2           40.00
* The project may provide support in building improvement              2           40.00
and equipment
*  Will improve child heafth considerably                               1          2C.Do
(people have more income to buy food)
9.  Impacts on Education
-  No                                                                    27           90.00
-  Positive Impact                                                        3           10.00
*  Can be use for study tour of students in local areas                3          100.00
10. Impact on Recreation and landscape
-  No                                                                     24          80.00
-  Positive Impact                                                         6          20.00
*  If PTT develops the area for tourist attraction. it will            6          100.00
improve the landscape and cousequently recreation area
ENV1oLg7130rrABG-lt.O0C                                                                           PAGE G-35



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX G
TABLE G-19
ADDITIONAL OPINIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Item                               Indirect Affected Group
Number           %
Total Number of Respondents                                          30        100.00
Additional Opinions and Suggestions (multiple answer)
-  Shou:d have effective PR program                               25         83.33
-  Shoud have measure to prevent burmese from stopping            20         66.67
gas delivery by contract
-  Local Gov't agencies and PTT should coordinate                  7         23.33
sufficiently
-  PTT should participate in community development work            7         23.33
-  Many of local workers are refugees and PTT should               3         10.00
be careful in hiring them
-  It is appropriate to sub-contract part of work to reduce        3         10.00
problems of finding labour
-  The construction work should be according to designs with       1          3.33
systematically carried out to provide good example for
othe projects                                                  1          3.33
- Family members of those expected to receive negative
impacts from the project should have safety inssurance
provided by the project
ENV I004S97130rrABG. 19.DC)C                                                      PAGE G-36



APPENDIX H
THE RESULTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH STUDY



TABLE H-1
0
Gi                          ~~~~HEALTH PERSONNELS IN\ THE AREA OF FKANCHANABURI PROVINCE THAT 
P
PURPOSED GAS PIPELINE WILL BE PASSED                                                                                   z
z
0                                                                                                                                                                                   -4
No.               Persorinels                  Thong Pha Phum  District                   Sa|yok District                Dan Makham Tia District                     >
Number           Personnel/         Number           Personnel/          Number           Personnel/                  m
C
(person)    Population Ratio    (person)    Population Ratio    (person)    Population Ratio                          m
-n
1.   Physicians                                    4            1:7.419.5               4             1:8,063               2             1:13,774
2.   Dentists                                      1             1:29,678               2            1:16,126                1            1:27,548
3.   Pharmacists                                   1             1:29,678               2            1:16,126                1            1:27,548
4.   Professional Nurses                          16             1:1,855               14             1:2,304               6          .  1:4,591
5.   Aaesthetists                                  1             1:29,678                                -                   -
6.   Technical Nurses                             18             1:1,649               1              1:1,792              10             1:2,755
7.   Public Health Community Personnel            39              1:761               30              1:1,075              20             1:1,722
8.   Dental Assistants                             -                -                   -                -                  1             1:27,548
mc>
Zm-
fl         Source    District Public Health Office, 1994.
I                                                                                                                                                                                   -



M
z                                                                                   TABLE  H-2                                                                                       >
o                                                                                                                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0
o                                                                                                                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-ni
HEALTH PERSONNELS IN CHOM BUNG DISTRICT AND MUANG DISTRICT,
RATCHABURI PROVINCE                                                                                       z
C,                                                                                                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z>
0
No.               Personnels                      Chom  Bung District             Muang Ratchaburi District                                       >
U)
Number          Personnel/          Number           Personnel/                                     r
z
(Person)    Population Ratio    (Person)    Population Ratio                                        m
m
1.   Physicians                                   4            1: 14,974             62              1:2,847
2.   Pharmacists                                  2             1:29,949              14            1:12,608
3.   Professional Nurses                         24             1:2,495             225               1:784
4.   Technical Nurses                            21             1:2,852             167              1:1,057
5.   Pharmacist Assistants                        2             1:29,949              15            1:11,768
6.   Medicals, Scientists and Technicians         2             1:29,949               8            1:22,065
7.   Others                                      13             1:4,607               50             1:3,530
>                               Source    Provincial Health Office of Ratchaburi Province, 1994.                                                                                  M
a)                                                                                                                                                                               Z  m
in                                                                                                                                                                                   -
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-3
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH IN
THONG PHA PHUM DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994
No.          Causes of Death              Number of           Rate per 1,000
the Patiens
(Person)
1.   Senile                                    23                   0.8
2.   Disease of Health System                  18                  0.63
3.   Accidents                                  16                 0.53
4.   Malaria                                    11                 0.38
5.   Murder and Commit Suicide                 11                  0.38
6.   Fever                                      3                   0.1
7.   Cancer                                     3                   0.1
8.   Disease of Lung System                      2                 0.07
9.   Disease of High Blood Pressure              2                 0.07
10.   Disease of Digestive System                2                  0.07
Source: District Public Health Office of Amphoe Thong Pha Phum, 1994.
ENVI004/9130/TASH-3DOC                                                             PAGE H-3



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-4
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH
IN SAI YOK DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994
No.  Causes of Death                   Number of           Rate per 1,000
the Patients
(Person)
1.   Senile                                 20                   0.8
2.   Drowning                               11                  0.15
3.   Disease of Hearth System               10                  0.46
4.   Faint                                  10                  0.46
5.   Traffic Accidents                       8                  0.23
6.   Murder                                  7                  0.15
7.   Commit Suicide                          5                  0.31
8.   Cancer                                  5                  0.31
9.   Failure of Respiratory System           4                  0.08
10.   Malaria                                 3                 0.69
Source: District Public Health Office of Sai Yok, 1994.
ENV1OO4O97130TABH-4.DC                                                           PAGE H-4



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-5
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH IN
DAN MAKHAM TIA DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994
No. J  Causes of Death            Number of          Rate per 1,000
the Patients
(Person)
1.   Senile                            28                  1.02
2.   Traffic Accidents                  9                 0.33
3.   Hearth Failure                     8                  029
4.   Impulse Faint                      6                  0.23
5.   Fever                              4                 0.14
6.   Disease of Lung System             3                  0.11
7.   Drowning                           3                  0.11
8.   Convulsion                         2                  0.07
9.   Malaria                            1                  0.04
10.   Commit Suicide                     1                 0.04
Source   District Public Health Office of Dan Makham Tia, 1994.
eNV10049713OttA8H-6.D0C                                                          PAGE H-5



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-6
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF ILLNESS OF THE OUT
rAlitNi   IN i[MI'UNU  rMIA  rMUM   Ul b1lLl,  SRN4-1MrMAUnI rnuVir4Y.,  It::4
No.                       Causes of Diseases                         Number of the          Rate per 1,000
Patients (Person)
1.   Disease of Respiratory System                                       9,121                  317.8
2.   Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory                3.330                 116.02
Findings, not Elsewhere Classifides
3.    Disease of Digestive System                                        2,448                  85.29
4.    Cenain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases                           1,928                  67.17
5.   Disease of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue                         1,200                  41.81
6.   Other External Causes of Morbidity and Mortality                    1,088                   37.9
7.   Disease of the Musculosketal System and Connective Tissue             891                  29.65
8.   Disease of the Circulatory System                                     748                  26.06
9.   Endocrne, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases                          741                  25.81
10.   Poisoning, Toxic Effect, and Their Sequences                         507                  17.66
Source    District Public Health Office of Thong Pha Phum, 1994.
ENV1004I97130/ABH-6DO0C                                                                                  PAGE H-6



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-7
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF ILLNESS OF THE OUT PATIENTS
IN SAI YOK DISTRICT, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, 1994
No.                      Causes of Diseases                        Number of the            Rate per 1,000
Patients (Person)
1.    Disease of the Respiratory System                               11,233                   325.69
2.    Disease of the Digestive System                                  6,932                   175.88
3.    Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases                        4,399                     163.8
4.    Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory             3.268                    151.49
Findings, Not Elsewhere Classifides
5.    Disease of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue                      2,373                     58.3
6.    Accidents                                                         1,908                    81.3
7.    Disease of Musculosketal System and Connective Tissue            1,891                    49.59
8.    Disease of the Circulatory System                                 1,319                   37.31
9.    Disease of the Genitourinary System                                977                    35.72
10.    Diseasa of the Nervous System                                     857                     32.18
Source    District Public Health Office of Sai Yok, 1994.
ENV100"j7130SrA8H-7.DOC                                                                                 PAGE H-7



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-8
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF ILLNESS OF THE OUT PATIENTS
IN DAN MAKHAM TIA DISTRICT, KANCHANABumi PROVINCE, 1994
No.                       Causes of Diseases                          Number of the            Rate per 1,000
Patients (Person)
1.    Disease of the Respiratory System                                   8.547                   310.25
2.    Disease of the Digestive System                                     3,149                   113.32
3.    Disease of the Musculosketal System and Connective Tissue           1,849                    67.01
4.    Disease of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue                         1,108                    40.22
5.    Symptoms, Signs and ADnormal Clinical Classifides                   1.095                    39.85
6.    Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases                           1.032                    37.46
7.    Disease of the Circulatory System                                     656                    23.81
8.    Traffic Accidents                                                     438                    15.89
9.    Disease o; the Genitourinary System                                   384                    13.94
10.   Disease of the Nervous System                                         273                      9.91
Source   District Public Health Office of Dan Makham UTa. 1994.
ENv100l,9713OfTABH-8-OOc                                                                                     PAGE H-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-9
AIDS AND VENEREAL DISEASE CONDITION, 1994
No.         Items                    Number of the Patients (Person)
Thong Pha Phum        Sai Yok District  Dan Makham Tia
District                                District
1.   Venereal Diseases           nd                   8                   0
2.   AIDS                        nd                   4                   0
3.   HIV-Infectious              nd                   6                   0
Source   District Public Health Office, 1944.
Remark   nd= no data.
ENVI00497130/TABH-9.DOC                                                          PAGE H-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                             FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-10
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSES OF DEATH
IN RATCHABURI PROVINCE, 1994
No.                     Causes                          Number of           Rate per 100,000
the Patients
(Person)
1.   Cancer.                                               396                    53.3
2.    Diseases of the Heart System                         389                   52.36
3.   High Blood Pressure and Blood Vessel in               258                   34.72
Brain Diseases
4.   Other Accidents                                       231                   31.09
5.   Traffic Accidents                                     221                   29.74
6.    Murder and Commit Suicide                            209                   28.13
7.    Poisonous Blood                                      112                   16.42
8.    Diseases of the Vein System, Lymph and               114                   15.34
the Circulatory System
9.    Diseases of the Respiratory System                   112                   15.07
10.   Diseases of the Liver and Pancreas System             95                    12.79
Source    Provincial Public Health Office of Ratchaburi, 1994.
ENVIo00497130rrABH. o.DoC                                                                PAGE H-10



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                               FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-1 1
RECORDS OF THE TOP-TEN CAUSE OF ILLNESS
IN RATCHABURI PROVINCE, 1994
No.                     Causes of disease                        Number of        Rate per 1,000
the Patients
(Person)
1.   Diseases of the Respiratory System                           122,698             165.14
2.   Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical Classifides             75,428             101.52
3.   Disease of the Digestive System                               69,761               28.51
4.   Accidents                                                     53,270                71.7
5.   Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases                     34,611              46.58
6.   Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue                  29,692              39.96
7.   Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective         24,301              32.71
Tissue
8    Diseases of the Nervous System                                24,024              32.33
9.   Disease of the Circulatory System                             19,172                25.8
10.   Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases                 18151              24.43
Source    Provincial Public Health Office of Ratchaburi, 1994.
ENVIOOS47130/TASH-1 1DOC                                                                    PAGE H-1l



APPENDIX I
DETAIL FOR HAZARDOUS ASSESSMENT



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX:
APPENDIX I
DETAIL FORH DOUS HASEN
1.      GAS OUTFLOW
Discharges from pipes containing gas under pressure are calculated
using the following formula
Q =YCAP,   [
Where
Y  =  Outflow coefficient (For critical outflow Y  1.0)
Cd =  Discharge coefficient (For a gas release a value should be 1.0)
A, =  Area of release (i2)
2) (p   ~~~~~~6 -2)
P, =  Process pressure (Nm2) (P1 = 1,250 psig = 8.62x10 Nm
M  =  Molecular weight (M = 20.53)
y  =  Specific heats ratio (7 = 1.31)
R  =  Universal gas constant (J mol'K-') (R = 8,314 Jmol1'K1)
T, =  TTemperature of substrate (K) (T = 322.04 OK)
Q  =  Release rate (kgs;1)
Gas outflow from pipe at Tie-in-point at Ban I-Tong, maintenance sub-
station at Ban Phu Ong Ka, and Ratchaburi gas terminal are the same because of
the specific of pressure, diameter of pipe and the others are used similary. The
composition of natural gas from Yadana that used as data for calculation are
summarized in Table 1-1.
ENV100097143APPENA O                                             PAGE l-1



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE l-1
COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS FROM YADANA
Component                  Composition(% mole)
Methane                   C,                   70.26
Ethane                     C2                   1.22
Propane                   C3                    0.18
i-Butane                  0C4                   0.02
r-Butane                   nC4                  0.04
i-Pentane                  iC5                  0.01
n-Pentane                  nC5                  0.01
Nitrogen                   N2                  22.89
Carbon Dioxide            C02                   5.28
Oxygen                     02                   0.09
Gas molecular weight         20.53
Heat of combustion           > 715 BTU/SCF (HHV)
Temperature                  60-120 0F
Pressure                     < 1,250 psig at Tie-in-point (Ban I-Tong)
> 550 psig at Ratchaburi Gas Terminal
Gas flow rate                900 MMSCFD
Contaminants: Water Content   < 7 lb/MMSCF
Hydrogen Sulfide    < 85 ppm. W.
Total sulfer       < 100 ppm. W.
3
Mercury            < 50 g/NM
ENV1ONM71431TAI*- TXLS                                                   PAGE 1-2



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
1.1     20% of Pipe Diameter (42")
Ar =   -   (0.20x21 x2.54x 120 m)
7
2
= 0.036 m
Ir_20.53 x 1.31               (
Q  =  1.Oxl.OxO.036x(8.62x1 06)   L                 x    1     (1.
8,314 x 322.04-  -1.31  
= 18,188 kg s1
1.2      100% of Pipe Diameter (42")
22                2 2
Ar =   -(21 inx2.54x1 1) 
7
= 0.894 m2
X                   ~~~~~~~~~~~(1.31 +)
20.53 x 1.3       2
Q  =  1.0 x 1.0 x 0.894 x (8.62x10   [  8  _       1
N1_8,314 x  _    1.31 +1
=  4.55x105 kgs
The results of gas outflow are summarized in Table 1-2.
ENV1O04/971431APPEN-LDOC                                             PAGE 1-3



MIA yr YAuANA NAWURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE 1-2
GAS OUTFLOW OF THE PIPELINE LEAK RATE
AT 20% AND 100% OF PiPE DiAMETER
Operation Condition         % of pipe leak    Gas outflow rate
(kg/s)
Tie-in-point at
Ban I-Tong, Maintenance sub-station       20            18,188.00
at Ban Phu Ong Ka, and
5
Ratchaburi Gas Terminal                  100            4.55 X 10
- Pipe diameter 42"
- Pressure 1,250 psig
- Temperature 1200F (322.040K)
- Molecular weight of gas
=20.53
ENV100A497143NTA.1 2 XLS                                         PAGE  1-4



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
2.      FLAMMABLE RELEASE WITH IMMEDIATE IGNITION
2.1     Instantaneous Release (Fireballs and BLEVES)
The maximum radius of the fireball is given by:
P, = 2.665M032
where: M is the flammable release mass in kilogrammes
The fireball has a duration, tf, given by:
t,8= 1.089 M 2
The rate of release of energy by combustion is then given by:
Q=   TcM
where: h is the combustion efficiency, found to vary with the saturated
vapour pressure of the stored material (in MN/m2) as follows:
h  =  0.27 p0
The radiation flux, I, at a distance r from the centre of the fireball is given
by
QT
i=7=Cr
Where T is the transmissivity, conservatively taken as 1.
The-estimation of release is based on the volume contained in the pipe of
42 inch diameter and 1 km in length.
ENV1497143fAPPEN+.DOC                                              PAGE 1-5



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
2.1.1    Pipe Leak: 100% of Pipe Diameter
I NM \
p5 =  3,448.03 psia  (6894.8  psiaJ
6  2
= 23.77x10 Nm
=  23.77 MNm 2
T1 =  0.27 P, 032
=  0.27 (23.77).2
=  0.744 MNm 2
Heating Value        =    715 BTUISCF
BTU          J
Hc =  715 SCF x 1,055 BTjU
05
= 7.54x10 J/SCF
density of natural gas at 1,250 psig and 120�F
= 4.45 Lbs/ft3
d ensity at standard condition 14.7 psia and 600F
(     Lbs\(/ 14.7\ (120+460
-   .tz  7)k  1,250+14.   60+460
7
=  0.058 Lbs/ft3
J       1 SCF       1 Lbs
Hc =  7.54x10       x            x
SCF    0.058 Lbs  0.4536 kg
-o2.87x1 0 J/KY
M =pV
ENVIO04/97143/APPEN-I DOC                                        PAGE  1-6



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX l
2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0.894 m'
V                x 1,000 m
1 ft
3
=  894m
Lbs       1 ft3     0.4536 kg
M  =  4.45  -  x               x          x 894 m3
ft3   0.028317 m3     1 lb
= 64,448.46 kg
R, =  2.665 M0327
=  2.665 (64,448.46)0327
=  99.61 m
0 327
=  1.089 (64,448.46)3
=  40.70 sec
HcM
Q=1
0.744 x 2.87 x 107 x 64,448.46
40.70
- 3.38 x 1010 J/S
Q
I  =   -    atR=99.61m
47E2
3.38 x 1010
=~~~~~~~
4 x22 x (99.61)
7
=  27-1,082.17 J/S m2
ENVWOI4197U43WAPPENW.DOC                                           PAGE 1-7



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
=  2.71 x 105 watt/M2
= 271 kWMm
Estimate r for I = 37.5, 25.0, 12.5 and 4.0 kW/m2
3.38x 1010
2
r  =
4 x 22 x I
7
2
I  =  37.5 kW/m ,   r =  267.82 m,
I  =  25.0    kW/m2,        r =   328.02 m,
2
I  =  12.5 kW/Mr,   r =   463.90 m,
=  4.0 kW/mr,     r =   820.06m
2.1.2    Pipe Leak 20% of Pipe Diameter
-2
Ps     =  23.77 MNm
h      =  0.744 MNm2
Hc     =  2.87x107 Jlkg '
M      =  pV
2
0.036 m
V                   1,000 m
1 ft
= 36 m3
Lbs        1 ft3     0.4536 kg
M      =  4.45  -x               3 x            x36m
ft3    0.028317 m      1 lb
=  2,566.18 kg
FW     =  2.665 (2,566.18)0327    =    34.72 m.
=  1.089 (2,566.18)327    =      14.19 sec.
ENV1004f971431APPEN-  DOC                                         PAGE  1-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
r,HCM          0.744 x 2.87 x 107 x 2,566.18
Q      =              =
14.19
3.86x1l0 J/S
Q           3.86 x 109                     2
I  =   -        =                  = 2.55 x10JSm
47Cr2      4 x 22 (34.72)2
7
- = 2.55 x 105 watUmm2
=   255 kW/m2
2
at I = 37.5 kWMm,   r = 90.48 m
2
I = 25.0kW/mr,   r = 110.82rn
2
I = 12.5kW/mr,   r = 156.72m
2
I = 4.0 kw/m,    r = 277.04 m
The results of the calculation are summarized in Table 1-3.
2.2      Noninstantaneous Release (Jet Fire)
The radiated heat, Qp, for a release rate Q and np point sources is given
by
Qp=   QHc
where: r9 is an efficiency factor conservatively taken as 0.35
The radiation, I, from a particular point in the flame to a receptor at
distance, r, is given by:
XgQp
{  =      ~~~~~2
47Cr
where Xg is an emissivity factor which depends on the material being
burnt; for jet fires Xg can be taken as 0.2.
ENVlOO497143/APPEN-I DMC                                             PAGE 1-9



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                    FINAL REPORT
TABLE 1-3
THE DIST.ANCE FROM%. THE CENTER OF THE FIREBALL
AT RADIATION FLUX (METRE)
Incident Flux          Distance from Center of Fireball (m.)
(kW/m )           Pipe Leak: 20%        Pipe Leak: 100%
of pipe diameter      of pipe diameter
37.5                 90.48                 267.82
25                110.82                 328.02
12.5                156.72                463.90
4                277.04                 820.06
ENV1 004?i43/TAB1-3.XLS                                         PAGE  I-10



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
2.2.1    Pipe Leak 100% of Pipe Diameter (42")
Gas flow    =  4.55 x 1 O kg/s '(earlier calculation as shown i n Tiabuvle If-I2I
Qp = 7IQHr
1  =  0.35
Hc =  2.87 x 107Jkg'l
Qp =  0.35 x 4.55 x 105 sg x 2.87 x10 J
S           kg
=  4.57x 1012 JS1
XgQp
4Z2
47tr
r  =  [XgQp/47t1]J .
at          I  =  37.5 kW/m2,         r  =   1,392.68 m
i=  25.0kW/nm,           r  =   1,705.68m
2
=  12.5 kW/m,            r  =   2,411.64 m
I=   4.0 kW/M2,          r  =   4,264.21 m
2.2.2    Pipe Leak 20% of pipe diameter (42")
Gas Flow   =    18,188 kg/s
QP         = tl QHc
Hc         =   2.87x 107J/kg
h          =    0.35
Q          =    18,188 kg/s
Qp         =    0.35 x 18,188 kg x 2.87 x 107
-    1.83x 10" J/S
r          =    [XgQp/47t1]
ENVIQO419714VAPPEN4.OOC                                             PAGE l-1 1



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
at      I          37.5 kW/m  ,      r     =  278.09 m
25.0 kW/M2,      r     =  340.59 m
=  12.5 kW/m2,      r     =  481.66 m
=   4.0 kW/mr2      r     =  851.47 m
The results of the calculation are summarized in Table 1-4.
3.      FLAMMABLE GAS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION
3.1     Instantaneous Release with Adiabatic Expansion
For a gas release, the energy of expansion is:
E  =  Cv (T1-T2) - Pa (V2-Vl)
Where:
E  =  Energy of expansion (J)
C, =  Heat capacity at constant volume (Jkg-'K-')
T, =  Initial temperature (K)
12 =  Final temperature (K)
Pa =  Atmospheric pressure (Nm 2)
V2 =  Final volume (m3)
V, =  Initial volume (m3)
As a result of the impulse developed in the expansion, extensive
turbulence is generated. This turbulence in the determining factor for further mixing
of the gas cloud with the surrounding air. Once the expansion energy, E, has been
obtained, the expansion for the turbulent diffusion coefficient, Kd, is:
1/4
Kd =  0.0137 (Vg )103E 112    12
where: Vg0 =   the volume of the gas at standard temperature and
pressure (mi3)
t  =   time (s)
ENVO041I9714VAPPEN-.DOG                                          PAGE 1-12



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE 1-4
THE DISTANCE OF RADIATION FLUX FROM A PARTICULAR POINT
IN THE FLAME OF JET FIRE TO A RECEPTOR
The Distance from a particular Point
Radiation Flux            in the Flame to a Receptor (m.)
2._
(kW/m )           Pipe Leak: 20%          Pipe Leak: 100%
of pipe diameter        of pipe diameter
37.5                 278.09                 1,392.68
25                 .340.59                1,705.68
12.5                 481.66                2,411.64
4                 851.47                 4,264.21
ENV100"47143rA8B.4XLS                            ,             PAGE  1-13



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
The core radius, r,, and the core concentration, cc, as a function of time
are given by:
rc  =  1'.36r4 K t112
cc=   0.0478 V<Oo
[4Kdt]3/2
The core radius and concentration at the end of the turbulence is:
rce =  0.08837 E  (Vga)13
Cce = 172.95 E49
At the end of expansion the peripheral cloud radius, rpe, is:
r,, =  1.456 r,,
3.1.1    Pipe Leak: 100% of Pipe Diameter (42")
ISy =  0.402 BTU/lb�F =    1,683.09 J/kg K
T, =  322.04 K
T2 =  301.05 K
Pa =  14.7 psia      =     101,353.56 N/rm2
V2 =      3894 m           0.014 m /kg
64,448.46 kg-       0.4m/k
V= 0
E  =  1,683.09 (322.04 - 301.05) - 101,353.56 (0.014-0)
=  35,328.06 - 1,418.95
=  33,909.11
VgO =  Volume of the gas at standard temperature and pressure
(1,250+14.       (60+460)              1 ft3
psia.          .894 m
7)          (120+460)          0.028317 m3
- 2,435,206.60 ft3
= 68,957.75 m3
ENV1004/971431APPEN-1 DOC                                        PAGE 1-14



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                           FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
K                  ~~~~~~~~31/(33,909.1 1)12  r _________
Kd =  0.0137 (68,957.60 m                       t (33,909.11) j
=   71.07/t�025
=   1.36 [4Kdt]"2    =    2.72 (Ket)0'
0.0478 x 68,957.75       412.0
=                           
C, -           [4Kdt]                 2
rce =  0.08837 (33,909.11)0' (68,957.75)"" -      82.84 m
cce =   172.95 (33,909.11)4-9                     0 .014 kg/m3
rpe =   1.456 (82.84)                      =      120.62 m
Table D-5 presents the results of the calculation at the various time.
3.1.2    Pipe Leak: 20% of Pipe Diameter (42")
E =  33,909.11 J
(1,250+14.7)        (60+460)                    1 ft3
V O =         ~~psia            OR �R.36.00 m 3
V90       14.7           (120+460)                 0.028317
=   98,062.01 ft3
=  2,776.82 m3                            (2,776.82)1/3  1/4
Kd =   0.0137(2,776.82m3)  (33,909.11)1/[                 1
0 25                 ~~~~~~t (33,909.1 1).
=   18.64/t025
=   1.36 [4Kdt]12   =     2.72 (Kdt)0'5
0.0478 X 2,776.82         16.59
cc-                  1.5                .
c      ~     [4KdT]               (Kdt)1,
rce =  0.08837 (33,909.11)0.3 (2,776.82)"3   =    28.39 m
Cce =   172.95 (33;909.11)'�'9                    0.014 kg/m3
rp=   1.456 (28.39)                        =      41.34 m
Table 1-6 presents the results of the calculation at the various time.
ENV10041A71431APPEN-ILDOC                                              PAGE 1-15



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE 1-5
INSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION
(ADIABATIC EXPANSION AT 100% PIPE LEAK)
T          Kd                      -C                                       P.          c.          R.
(second)                  (m)     (Kg./Cu.M.)      ppm.         % Volume
0.01     224.74        4.08       122290                      8m 82.84                  0.014      120.62
0.05     150.30        7.46        20.000    21 799,739.99    2,179.97
01      126.38        9.67         9.170     9,996.023.43     999.60
0.2     106.27       12.54         4210      4.583,357.82     458.33
0.3      96.03       14.60         2.660     2,904,373.87     290.44
0.4      89.37       16.26         1.930     2,101,198.93     210.12
0.5      84.52       17.68         1.500     1,634,747.03     163.47
1       71.07      22.93         0.688       749,575.39      74.95
1.5      64.22       26.70         0.436      475.009.67      47.50
2       59.76       29.74        0.315       343,703.47      34.37
2.5      56.52       32.33         0245       267.381.62.      26.74
3       54.00       34.62        0.200       217,807.22      21.78
4       50.25       38.56        0.145       157,598.00      15.76
5       47.52       41.93        0.112       122,623.91      12.26
10       39.97       54.38        0.052        56200.94        5.62
20       33.61       70.52        0.024        25,768.97       2.57
30       30.37       82.09        0.015         1,633.36       1.63
40       20.26       91.43        0.011        11.816.71       1.18
50       26.73       99.44        0.008         9,191.61       0.92
60       25.54      106.47        0.007         7,486.63       0.75
120      21.47      138,07         0.003        1,434.19       0.34
180      19.40      160.75         0.002        2,176.37       0.22
240       18.06     179.06         0.001        1,573.84        0.16
300      17.08      194 .6         0.001        1,224.42        0.12
NOTE:   LFL %VOL = 5.00
ENV1004/97143tTABI-S XLS                                                                               PAGE 1-16



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                         FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE 1-6
INSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION
(ADIABATIC EXPANSION AT 20% PIPE LEAK)
T          Kd           R,           C,            ppm.         % Volume      PR,          C-         R.
(second)                   (m)      (Kg.lCu.M.)
0.01      58.95           2.09      36.650      39.952,79529     3.99527      28.39        0.014      41.34
0.05      39.42           3.82       5.990       6,534,96021      653.49
0.1      33.; 5          4.95       2.750       2,996,039.83     299.60
0.2      27.87           6.42       1.260       1,374.112.96      137.41
0.J      25.18           7.47       0.790        870,978.44        87.09
0.4      23.44           8.33       0.580        629,863.56       62.98
0.5      22.16           9.06       0.450        490,301.52       49.03
1       18.64         11.74       0.206         224,700.47       22.47
1.5      16.84          13.67       0.131        142.437.01       14.24
2       15.67         15.23       0.095         103,068.13       10.31
2.5       14.82         16.56       0.074         80,184.53         8.02
3       14.16         17.73       0.060          65,312.47        6.53
4       13.18         19.75       0.043'         47.239.98        4.72
5       12.46         21.47       0.034          36.773.99        3.68
10       10.48         27.85       0.015          16,855.09        1.69
20        8.81         36.11       0.007           7,731.51        0.77
30        7.96         42.05       0.004           4,900.28        0.49
40        7.41         46.83       0.003           3,543.69        0.35
50        7.01         50.92       0.003           2,755.76        0.27
60        6.69         54.53       0.002           2248.57         0.22
120       5.63          70.71       0.001          1,029.77        0.10
180       5.09          82.32       0.001            652.06        0.06
240       4.74          91.70    4.32x10             441.02        0.04
300       4.48          99.70    3.36x10             367.01        0.03
NOTE:      E              33.909.11  J
LFL %VOL =        5.00
ENV100A497143TAB.86.XLS                                                                               PAGE 1-17



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
3.2     Noninstantaneous Release with Jet Dispersion
The equivalent jet emerges from an orifice with an equivalent diameter
Deq, given by:
Pgo. a
Deq =  Do   P'
Pg.a
where   Do    is the diameter of the real orifice used in the outflow calculations.
(m.)
Pgo,a  is the relative density of the gas at outflow condition, i.e., the
density immediately after release, relative to air at ambient
-    conditions. (kg m 3)
Pg.a  is the density of the gas at ambient conditions, relative to air at
the same condition. (kg m 3)
The flow is assumed to reach ambient conditions instantaneously, so that
the equivalent orifice can be considered as being coincident with the real orifice.
The concentration on the axis of the jet at a distance x from the orifice is
given by:
bl + b2
cm                     bl
0.32 x *.    +1- Pg
Deq  (ga 
where:  b1, and b2 are distribution constants, given by:
bi =  50.5 + 48.2 pg.a - 9.95 p2g,a
b2 = 23.0 + 41.0 Pg.,
The above equation can easily be rearranged to give x as a function of
cm; this can be used to calculate the length of the jet above a given concentration.
ENVID04/97143JAPPEN-I.DOC                                         PAGE  1-18



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
The concentration profile in a plane at right angles to the axis of the jet is
given by:
CX.y      -b2 (ylx)2
=  e
Cm
where:  cX y    is the concentration at a point distance x from the orifice, and a
distance y from the axis.
The speed of the jet will drop with distance along the axis, until, at a
certain point on the axis, the jet speed will equal the wind speed. At this point the
release has ceased to be a momentum jet, and must be modelled differently. The
velocity distribution along the axis of the jet is given by:
11m       PgO.a  b1 r       X    Po.a         1  r Deq 1 2
-  _* 0LO.32    * +  1-Pg. J  L-  J
uo         Pg,a    4        Deq   Pg.a               x
where:  um is the velocity on the axis at a distance x from the orifice. (ms1)
uo is the real outflow velocity of the release (ms1), calculated as follows:
mO
u  =    _    _   _   _
oCJ pg XC D D2
3.2.1    Pipe Leak: 100% of diameter (42")
The flow is assumed to reach ambient conditions instantaneously, so
that rgoa = rga and the equivalent orifice can be considered as being coincident
with the real orifice.
Do=  1.067 m
Pgo.a = 0.88 kg/mi3
Pg's = 0. 88 kg/mi
ENV1041971431APPENIlDOC                                           PAGE 1-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
eq           0.88
= 1.067 m
hr =         -505 +(48.2 x 0.88)   n.n5 (0.8
= 85.21
b2 =  23.0 + (41.0 x 0.88)
=  59.08
85.21 + 59.08
85.21
c  =
m     0.32x . 0.88 + 1 - 0.88
1.067  (0.88)112
The concentrations varied with the distance x are summarized in Table I-
7.
The velocity distribution along the axis of the jet (Table 1-7) are calculated
as follows:
mO =  4.55 x 105 kg s'
Cd =  1.0
4.55 x 105
�  1.0 x 0.88 x 22 (1.067/2)
7
=  5.78 x 105 m/s
Um        0.88   85.21 [0.32x  0.88                    )2
~~~ =            *       L      *=   [  -    + 1 -0.882 (1.067/x)
578,000      0.88     4    1.067  0.88
At the end of the turbulent mixing phase, the concentration and distance
are:
are:    um=  3 m/s
x  =  43.79 km
Cm =  1.37x0l kg/m3
ENVID04/97143/APPEN-1 DOC                                         PAGE 1-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE (-7
NONINSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION
(JET DISPERSION AT 100% PIPE LEAK)
LF! %>/OL = 5.QQ
Dislance. x                C,                        U.           U.        Deo Dt
(m)       (kg/m3)      ppm.    | % Volume        (mis)       (m/s)      (m)       (m)      (kg/rm)   (kg/mr)
1      4.220     4.604.384     460.44         t         5.78x10     1.067     1.067      0.88      0.88
5      1.110     1,209.900      121.00    9.407.200.00
10      0.578       630.020       63.02    4,686.800.00
15      0.391      426,190       42.62    3.120,800.00
20      0.295       321,550       32.16    2.339.200.00
25      0 237       258.330       25.83    1.870.688.00
30      0.198       215.820       21.58    1.558,533.33
35      0.170       185.300       18.53    1.335,657.14
40      0.150       163,500       16.35    1,168,550.00
45      0.130       141.700       14.17    1,038.607.41
50      0.120       130,800       13.08     934,672.00
55      0.110       119,900       11.99     849,64628
60      0.100       109.000       10.90     778.799.99
65      0.090        98,100        9.81     718.859.17
70      0.080        87.200        8.72     667,488.71
75      0.080        87,200        8.72     622,965.33
100      0.060        65,400        6.54     467,168.00
125      0.040        43,600        4.36     373,707.52
150      0.040        43,600        4.36     311,407.99
175      0.040        32,700        3.27     266,911.99
200      0.030        32,700        3.27     233,542.00
300      0.020        21,800        2.18     155,685.33
500      0.010        10,900        1.09      93,406.72
700      0.009      , 9.810         0.98      66,717.71
900      0.007         7.630        0.76      51,890.86
1000      0.006         6,540        0.65      46,701.68
ENVI004197143/MASI 7XLS                                                                               PAGE 1-21



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
3.2.2    Pipe Leak: 20% of diameter (42")
Do =  0.2x1.067       =     0.213m
Pgo.a = 0.88 kg/m3
Pg.a=  0.88 kg/m3
Deq =  0.213 (088)
=  0.213m
b, =  85.21
b2 =  59.08
85.21 + 59.08
85.21
cm =  0.32x . 0.88 + 1 - 0.88
0.213  (0.88)1Q
The concentrations varied with the distance x are summarized in Table I-
8.
The velocity distribution along the axis of the jet (Table 1-8) are calculated
as follows:
mO =  18,188 kg/s
cd =  1.0
18,188
u0 = 1.0 x 0.88 x 22 (1.213/2)2
7
=  5.79 X 105 m/s
um        0.88   85.21   0.32x  0.88
=   -        .   [       .-   + 1 - 0.88](0.213/x)2
5.8x1l 0    0.88      4    0.213  0.88
At the end of the turbulent mixing phase, the concentration and distance
are:
ur = 3 m/s
x = 8.7 km
-4   3
Cm = 1.38x10 kg/mr
The summarized results at the end of turbulent mixing phase are
presented in Table 1-9.
ENVIO04/97143/APPEN-1 DOC                                         PAGE 1-22



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I_
TABLE 1-8
NONINSTANTANEOUS RELEASE WITH DELAYED IGNITION
(JET DISPERSION AT 20% PIPE LEAK)
LFL %VOL = 5.00
Distanoe,x                CU                                                         . U,    |  D,,  0 Do  r 
(rn)    (kgim/)       ppm.       % Volume      (mhs)       (mis)      (in)      (m)      (kg'im)   (kg/m')
1     1,240    1,351.600.00     135.16     = 1         5.79x105    0.213    0.213      0.88      0.88
5     0.268     292,120.00       29.21    "W_#
10     0.135     147,150.00       14.72    84,167.00
15     0.090      98,100.00        9.81    55,963.11
20     0.068      74.120.00        7.41    d1.916.75
25     0.054      58.860.00        5.89    33506.72
30     0.045      49,050.00        4.91    27,907.44
35     0.039      42,510.00        4.25    23,911.59
40     0.034       37,060.00       3.71    20.916.69
45     0.030      32,700.00        327    18,588.49
50     0.027      29,430.00        2.94    16,726.68
55     0.025      27,250.00        2.73    15,203.87
60     0.023      25,070.00        2.51    13,935.19
65     0.021      22,890.00        2.29    12,861.94
70     0.019      20,710.00        2.07    11,942.18
75     0.018       19.620.00       1.96    11,145.19
100     0.014      15,260.00        1.53     8,356.67
125     0.011      11,990.00       1.199     6,68427
150     0.009       9,810.00        0.98     5,569.63
ENVIOOM714U3rAM-8.XLS                                                                                 PAGE 1-23



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                         FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE i-n
THE RESULTS AT THE END OF THE TURBULENT MIXING PHASE
Pipe Leak             X           Um           Cm            Uo
(% of Pipe Diameter)      (km)         (mis)       (kg/m3)       (m/s)
20%              4379           3        1.38 x 10     5.79x 10x
100%               8.7           3        1.37x x10    5.79 x 10
Note   Wind Speed = 3 m/s
ENViOO/97143JTAR-9 XLS                                               PAGE 1-24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPEN[IX I
4.      DISPERSION IN THE ATMOSPHERE
4.1     Dispersion of a Neutral-Density Cloud
(1) Instantaneous Release
For a release of a mass Q at ground level, the concentration at a time
t after the could has left the source is given by:
2Q*           -1  (X ut)2    y2     z2
c (x,y,z,t)    =     Q       exp[-{   2  + f             2 
(2TY 3OG          2    (T2x     a y    G zJ
where x, y, and z are measured from the source point.
For ground-level concentrations at the cloud centre-line the above
equation reduces to:
2Q*         r -1f (x-ut)2u 1
c(x,O,O,t)-           .expL-l          J I
(27t) QOCSY6       2     Y
(2) Continuous Release
For a release rate of Q at ground level the concentration is given by:
c (x,y,x)=            .exp [   -{      + _
7C(y6Z u          2   CY2y zZ
where x, y and z are measured from the source point.
For ground-level concentration at the cloud centre-line the above
equation reduces to:
Q
c (x,O,0)=
E IAYIPPz u
ENV100"17143NAPPEN I.DOC                                          PAGE 1-25



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
The jet dispersion model does assume a Gaussian concentration
profile. However, the rate of dilution in jet dispersion is greater than the rate in
neutral dispersion so the analyst cannot simply use the true release rate and source
in thp ni trql riiperiorn r-caVui itinnz because this will niv cmncPntrations that are
too high. Instead the analyst must use an upwind virtual source with the same
release rate as the real release rate. The location of this virtual source is found by
matching the centre-line concentration of the end of the virtual cloud with the
concentration at the centre of the jet. The cross wind width of the plume at the
matching point is the diameter of the plume which includes all concentrations down
to 10% of the concentration at the centre-line.
Stability Category                     Parameter
a          b            c           d
Very unstable (A).       0.527       0.865        0.28        0.90
Unstable (B)             0.371       0.866        0.23        0.85
Slightly unstable (C)    0.209       0.897        0.22        0.80
Neutral (D)              0.128       0.905        0.22        0.76
Stable (E)               0.098       0.902        0.15        0.73
Very stable (F)          0.065       0.902        0.12        0.67
(3) Dispersion Parameters
As mentioned above, these parameters describe the increase in the
dimensions of the cloud as the cloud drifts down-wind. There are several different
formulae for these parameters. The ones given here are relatively simple ones taken
from TNO (1979). They are:
b
6T =   ax
-y, 
6z= cxd
where x is the distance down-wind of the source.
ENV1OO4I971431APPEN1 DOC,                                        PAGE 1-26



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                    FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
No formula is given for CT. For instantaneous releases it is assumed
that:
CTx     CY
For continuous releases the down-wind dimension of the cloud is
assumed to be negligible. Table above gives the values for the parameters a, b, c
and d suggested by TNO for different stability categories; these values are valid
where x is greater than 100 m.
The model of the dispersion for instantaneous release (100% and
20%) is not used since the concentration of the gas at 100 m is below the LFL
(5.00% vol).
For noninstantaneous release the result is only for 100% pipeleak
from 36" pipe diameter. As stated in Table D-10 the concentration of the gas at 100
m under atmospheric stability are lower than LFL (% vol = 5.00).
4.2     Dispersion of a Buoyant Plume
The dispersion is modelled using the Gaussian model. The ground-level
concentration when the plume is at a distance x down-wind, and a height h above
the ground is given by:
c (x,y,h) =        . exp    - -{   -}]
u            2 &T    a2
niCya2 U     2    Gy2y   CTz
The result of the study for 100% pipe leak for noninstantaneous release
are summarized in Table 1-11.
ENV�QO0AWSUA3PPEN-1 DOC                                          PAGE 1-27



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE 1-10
DISPERSION OF A NEUTRAL - DENSITY CLOUD
FOR NONINSTANTANEOUS RELEASE (100% PiPE LEAK)
LFL %Vol  5.00
Stability    Dispersion Parameter    Wind Speed  Distance, x   Ground - Level Concentration, c
(in)                                             at the cloud centre line
Sy          SI          (mis)        (m)       (kg/m )       ppm.         %volume
A       176.963     170.824         3           100       1.788     1.948.788.63      194.87
B       170.927     164.566         3           100        1.93     2.104.208.18      210.42
C       167.145     161.805         3           100       2.01      2.194,787.94      219.47
D       163.892     160.260         3           100       2.08      2.264,669.58      226.47
E      162.372      159.249         3           100       2.11      2.303.043.98      230.30
F      160.927      158.650         3           100       2.14      2.334.730.43      233.47
ENV1004/97143YTASI-1DXLS                                                                   PAGE 1-28



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX I
TABLE I-11
DISPERSION OF A BUOYANT PLUME
FOR NONWNSTANTANEOUS RELEASE (100% PIPE LEAK)
LFL %Vol = 5.00
Stability    Dispersion Parameter    Wind Speed  Distance, x Plume High, h      Ground - Level Concentration. c
(m)                                                             at the cloud centre line
SI          52          (rmis)       (m)           (m)        (kg/m )       ppm.          %volume
A       176.963      170.824         3           100          10          1.78      1.940,177.83        194.02
B       170.927      164.566         3          100           10          1.92      2.094,144.41       209.41
C       167.145      161.805         3          100           10          2.00      2.183,905.48       218.39
D       163.892      160.260         3          100          1*0          2.07      2.253.207.28       225.32
E       162.372      159.249         3          100           10          2.10      2.291.227.11       229.12
F       160.927      158.650         3          100           10          2.13      2.321,700.00       232.17
ENV1004M?714�3rAf-t1.XLS                                                                                PAGE 1-29



I
APPENDIX J
EMERGENCY PLAN
ASME CODE FOR PIPING



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ENV 1004197 148/APPEN-Jl IDOC                                                       PAGE J-2



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ENViOO4J7i48JAPftN*JI DOC                                                 PAGE J-3



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                        FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECTr                                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
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ENV1004/9714&APPEN.J1.DOC                                                                     PAGE J-8



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELUNE PROJECT                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                                 FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
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ENV�O417148/APPEN-J .DOC                                                                     PAGE J-14



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT a  .        - - .FINAL REPORT
APPENDX J
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                              FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
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ENVl004M7148APEN-J1.OOC                                                                   PAGE J-16



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EIA.OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
ASME CODE FOR PIPING
A850  OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE
SAFETY OF GAS TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
A850.1
All provision of para.850.1 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A850.2  Basic Requirements
All provisions of para.850.2 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A850.3  Essential Features of the Operating and Maintenance Plan
The plan prescribed in para.850.2(a) shall include:
(a) detailed plans and instructions for employees covering operating and
maintenance procedures for gas facilities during normal operations and repairs;
(b) items recommended for inclusion in the plan for specific classes of
facilities which are given in paras. A851.2, A851.3, A851.4, A851.5, A851.6, and A861.2;
(c) plans to give particular attention to those portions of the facilities
presenting the greatest hazard to the public and environment in the event of an
emergency or because of construction or extraordinary maintenance requirements;
(d) provision for periodic inspections along the route of existing pipelines.
A850.4 Essential Features of the Emergency Plan
A850.41 Written Emergency Procedures
All provisions of para.850.41 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
ENVi00497148/APPEN-J2.D0C                                              PAGE J-18



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PtPEUNE POJECT                            FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
A850.42 Training Program
All provisions of para.850.42 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A850.43 Liaison
Each operating company shall establish and maintain liaison with available
offshore fire fighting entities (public and/or privately owned) which might be designated
for any particular offshore area.
A850.44 Educational Program
An educational program shall be established to enable producers and the
general public operating in the offshore area to recognize and report a gas emergency to
the appropriate officials. The educational program called for under this section should be
tailored to the type of pipeline operation and the environment traversed by tne pipeiine
and should be conducted in each language that is significant in the community served.
Operators to transmission systems should communicate their programs to people,
contractors, or others that usually work in the offshore area of concern. The programs of
operators in the same area should be coordinated to properly direct -reports of
emergencies and to avoid inconsistencies.
A850.5 Pipeline Failure Investigation
All provisions of para.850.5 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A850.6 Prevention of Accidental Ignition
All provisions of para.850.6 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
fNVIOD"7141APPEN4J2.OC                                                PAGE J-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
A850.7 Blasting Effects
Each operating company shall establish procedures for protection of facilities in
the vicinity of blasting activities. The operating company shall:
(1) locate and mark its pipeline when explosive are to be detonated within
distance as specified in company plans. Consideration should be given to the marking of
minimum blasting distances from the pipelines depending upon the type of blasting
operation.
(2) determine the necessity and extent of observing or monitoring blasting
activities based upon the proximity of the blast considering the pipe materials, the
operating conditions, the size of charge, and soil conditions;
(3) consideration should be given to:
(a) the effect of shock waves on the pipeline from blasting;
(b) conducting a leak survey' following completion of the blasting
program.
A851    PIPELINE MAINTENANCE
A851.1  Continuing Surveillance of Pipelines
All provisions of para.851.1 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A851.2  Pipeline Patrolling
Each operating company shall maintain a periodic pipeline patrolling program to
observe conditions on and adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way, indication of leaks,
construction activity other than that performed by the company, and any other than that
performed by the company, and any other factors affecting the safety and operation of
the pipeline. Records of these inspections shall be maintained for the life of the facility.
ENV1040&71�4APKN-J2.DOC                                               PAGE J-20



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
A851.3 Leakage Survey
All provisions of para.851.3 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A851.4 Above Water and Hyperbaric Repair Procedures for Steel Pipelines
All above water and hyperbaric repair procedures for steel pipelines shall
conform to the requirements of para.851.4 as specified for pipelines operating at or
above 40% of the specified minimum yield strength.
A851.45 Offshore below Water Repair Procedures for Steel Pipelines
Any offshore below water repair procedures shall conform  to para.851.4
provisions for pipelines operating at or above 405 of the specified minimum yield
strength.
Repairs shouid be performed under qualified supervisionI by trained personnel
aware of and familiar with the maintenance plan and operating conditions of the pipeline,
the company's safety requirements, and the hazards to public safety and environment.
Evacuation and repair operation should not result in imposed loads of
deformations which would impair the integrity of the pipe materials, weight, or protective
coating.
The use of subsurface equipment equipped with cutters, ejectors, jets, or air
suction systems should be carefully controlled and monitored in avoid damaging the pipe
line, external coating, or cathodic protection system.
When lifting or su porting pipe during repairs, the curvature of a pipe sag bend
and overbend should be controlled and maintained within limits to minimize pipe coating
damage, overstressing, denting or buckling during the repair operation, and lifting
equipment should be selected accordingly.
Wave and current loads should be considered in determining total imposed
stresses and cyclical loads.in'both surface and subsurface repairs.
ENVl0UM714WAPPEN.J2fM                                                PAGE J-21



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECr                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
Personnel working on pipeline repairs should understand the need for careful
job planning, be briefed on procedures to be followed in accomplishing repairs, and follow
necessary prPrcuiitinnarv measutres ann procnmrPiires.
When pipe is repaired, damaged coating should also be repaired. Replacement
pipe and components shall be protected from corrosion.
A851.46 Offshore Repair of Flexible Pipe
Flexible pipe shall be repaired by replacement of the damaged section or other
suitable tested repair methods.
A851.5  Testing Repairs to Steel Pipelines Operating at Hoop Stress
Levels at or above 40% of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength
A851.51 Testing of Replacement Pipe Sections
All provisions of para.851.51 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A851.52 Nondestructive Testing of Repairs, Gouges, Grooves, Dents, and
Welds
All provisions of para.851.52 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A851.6 Pipeline Markers and Signs
Permanent markers are not required for offshore pipelines; however, suitable
signs should be posted on platform to serve as a hazard area warning. Where
appropriate, signs should display the operating company identification and emergency
communication procedure.
A851.8 Abandoning of Transmission Facilities
All provisions of para.851.8 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
ENV100497148/APPFNJ2.DaC                                            PAGE J-22



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
APKNDIX J
A853    MISCELLANEOUS FACILITIES MAINTENANCE
All provisions of para.853 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A854    LOCATION CLASS
The concept of location class as expressed in para.854 does not apply to
offshore pipelines.
A856    PIPELINE SERVICE CONVERSIONS
All provisions of para.856 shall apply unless otherwise stated.
A860    CORROSION CONTROL OF OFFSHORE PIPELINES
A861    CORROS!ON CONTROL - GENERAL
A861.1  Scope
This section contains the minimum additive or substitutive requirements and
procedures for corrosion control of external and internal corrosion of offshore piping and
components. Where specific provisions are not set forth herein, the provisions of
para.860 shall apply.
This section is applicable to the design and installation of new piping systems
and to the operation and maintenance of existing piping systems. Other general
requirements are prescribed in para.861.
A861.2 Special Considerations
Since offshore pipelines cannot be readily inspected after installation and there
is the possibility of damage to the coating system, special consideration should be given
to the selection, design, and application of corrosion control coatings, the cathodic
protection system, and othe? corrosion design elements.
fNVlOO14AMPPfIJ2DOC                                                 PAGE J-23



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
A862  EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL
A862.1  General
Al' submerged steel pipe, valves, and related fittings shall be externally coated
and cathodically protected. All above water. piping and components shall be protected
from the particularly corrosive conditions of the salt water atmosphere and cyclic wetting
and drying.
A862.2 Coating Requirements for Submerged Pipe
(1) Coating Design
The design of coating systems for offshore installation should refiect the
type of environment in which the facility is to be installed. Selection of the protective
coating should be based upon:
(a) low water-absorption;
(b) compatibility with the type of cathodic protection to be applied to the
system;
(c) compatibility with the system operating temperature;
(d) sufficient ductility to minimize detrimental cracking;
(e) sufficient toughness to withstand damage during installation;
(f) resistance to future deterioration in a submerged environment; and
(g) each of repair.
(2) Cleaning and Surface Preparation
The surface preparation required in para.862.1 (a) may not be adequate for
offshore piping systems. There may be additional requirements, such as a near white
metal finish and an anchor pattern to promote a good bond for all epoxy:based thin film
coatings. Welds should be inspected for irregularities which could protrude through the
pipe coating, and any such irregularities should be removed.
ENV100"9714WAPPEN-J2.DOC                                              PAGE J-24



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECr                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
(3) Application and Inspection
The coating should be applied under controlled conditions and have a high
resistance to disbondment. Coating application and inspection shall be in accordance with
paras.862.1 12(a) and (b). Further information can be obtained from NACE RP-06-75,
Section 4. A holiday detector, suitable for the type of coating applied, shall be used to
detect flaws. Flaws noted shail be repaired and retested. VWeights or weight coating shall
not damage the protective coating during application or installation.
(4) Coating for Weld Joints, Appurtenances, and Patching
Weld joints and appurtenances shall be coated with material which is
compatible with the basic coating. A holiday detector, designed for the type of field joint
material applied, may be used to detect flaws and flaws shall be repaired and retested.
(5) Field Inspection
The pipe shall be visually inspected prior to installation to assure that
unacceptable damage has not occurred during loading, welding, or other laying activities
prior to submergence of the pipe. Any significant damage to the coating shall be repaired
with material compatible with the pipeline coating. Care should be exercised to minimize
damage to the coating system, particularly during laying and trenching of the pipe.
A862.3 Splash Zone and Atmospheric Corrosion Control
(1) The splash zone area, where the pipeline is intermittent wet and dry, shall
be designed with additional -protection against corrosion. This shall be accomplished by
one or more of the following:
(a) special coating
(b) special protective systems and techniques
(c) other suitable measures, including selection of pipe material
ENM748PPENAO                                               PAGE,J-25
ENV1OO4S714WAPPEN.J2.DOC                                             PAGE J-25



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                          FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
(2) Coatings and other protective systems shall be installed upon a properly
prepared surface and in accordance with established specifications or manufacturer's
recommend3tions. The c03tiny should resist %,ater action  ntmAsnherir rdptpriorationn
mechanical damage, and cathodic disbondment.
A862.4 Cathodic Protection Requirements
(1) Design Criteria
An offshore facility is considered to be cathodically protected when it
meets one or more of the criteria established in Appendix K.
(2) Impressed Currents
Where impressed current systems are used, the system shall be designed
to minimize outages and the output shall be such that the design criterion is met. Also,
consideration should be, given to minimize the interference effect on other pipeline or
structures.
(3) Galvanic Anodes
Where galvanic anodes are used for protection, consideration shall be
given to the quality of the coating (i.e., the percent of exposed pipe). Also, the design
formula for the system should include the output of the anodes, the desired life of the
system, anode material, and utilization efficiency. Anodes used should be compatible with
the operating temperature of the pipeline and the marine environment.
(4) Other
Consideration should be given to the effects on cathodic protection of
variation in oxygen content, temperature, and water/soil resistivity of the particular
offshore environment in which the pipeline is installed.
ENV10&97148/APPN.J2.DOC                                               PAGE J-26



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                             FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX J
A862.5- Electrical Isolation
Underwater pipeline systems shall be electrically isolated from other metallic
structures so that cathodic protection can be effective. An exception can be made when
both the foreign structure and the pipeline are designed to be protected as a unit. Other
general considerations include:
(1) Tie-ins
Isolation from foreign pipelines at tie-ins may be made by the installation
of insulation flanges, unions or other insulating devices. When making a tie-in of a coated
line to a bare line, the two lines shall be electrically isolated.
(2) Foreign Pipeline Crossing
When crossing a foreign pipeline, care shall be exercised to assure
adequate separation between the two lines so that the possibility for electrical
interference is minimized.
(3) Pipeline Riser Support and Secondary Piping
When installing riser piping at platforms, supporting devices such as
clamps and pipe supports shall isolate the piping from the structure. Insulating devices
shall be installed where electrical isolation of a portion of the piping system from
production piping, tanks, and other facilities is necessary to facilitate application of
cathodic protection. Electrical interference between electrically isolated structures shall be
minimized Wiring and piping connections to an isolated pipeline shall also have insulation
between the pipeline and the platform.
ENVI0049714VAP"EN-AJ2OC                                                  PAGE J-27



APPENDIX K
ACTION PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION
MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
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ENVlOC4S7s4&~ONT~NTfOCE                                                         PAGE K-a



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                     FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
WL1
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ENV100 4971481CONTENT-DOC                                                        PAGE K-b



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
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ENV1O0417148/CONTENT.OOC                                                        PAGE K-c



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                  FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
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PAGE K-e



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                      FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
SI-
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ENV1 004,97i4SICONTENT.DOC                                                         PAGE K-f



EIA OF YADANA NATUFAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
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ENV100"9714WCONNT.DOC                                                           PAGE K-g



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
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ENV 1O4 9716RICONTENT.DOC                                                       PAGE K-h



EtA OF YADANA NATlJRAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                   FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
8.1-1     u0^4nlMnte ^S1X@                                                         K-65
PAGE K-i
6Nv�oo4Jg7l4wOKrEIT.OaC



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
8.3-1     LLto4n-a1?oN4LLUKuAXU (Berm)                                         K-70
8.3-2     LLmn-niAmi4 Soft Plugs                                               K-71
.ONTENT.DOC                                                          PAGE K-j



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ENVIDUMIABITA-IALS                                                                            PAGE  K-



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE pftOJECT                                                 FINAL REPORT
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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
241r12 2.1-1
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ENV100449714&SEC-1AMOC                                                     PAGE K-15



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                  FINAL REPORT
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ENV1QO4/9714B1SEC-t.DOC                                                       PAGE K-16



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPEUNE PROJECT                               FINAL REPORT
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3. qT1lM11U;Lninui                    24,000              60,000            50,000
4. P1WU lnR1N- *tfl;                  25,000              25,000            30,000
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6. muniT4lt       -                   30,000              25,000    -       20,000
7. f9  ?4fJ1fl'-l14                   20,000                                35,000
B. n9D-vAuf4lj1mnm`urnnqu             35,000                                25,000
9.  fiJnulu?luTlh1                    25,000
379,000            310,000            689,000
ENV1007149SEC-IDOC                                                        PAGE K-19



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                               FINAL REPORT
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ENV1004A714alSEC- .DOC                                                    PAGE K-20



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ENV1004*714&SEC-IDOC                                                                              PAGE K-25



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
flURU (BERM)
9
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ENVIOOAeS7i4aSfC 7 DOC                                                             PAGE K-70



EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT                                       FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
IMITIrNiL- (KEY)
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ENV IGO "714EVSE C-7.DOC                                                           PAGE K-71



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EIA OF YADANA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PRO:JECT                                FINAL REPORT
APPENDIX K - ACTION PLAN
9.6       4lllJS_rlu
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(6)   l                                                =    300,000 1211
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EVvloo&f71A&SEC 7 DOC                                                        PAGE K-74



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(r.   7;2                                                   C,                        AG:                                      C-
511.                                -7                                                   AK            C-                         (P
C                                                                  cr
C14                                                                                    4E           I rp-         ir.          CY)
=2    C,                                                                                            ;3
C
;,                                                                       C-           MD            G3           O
LLI            r-            IC     =2                                                                              --P                        r-