18888 Sept. 1998 Profile of Rural, Environment, and Social Activities of the World Bank in Europe and Central Asia A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A gsi~~~~urp and Ceta saRgo p,be f f X _QWSeptember, 1998 jt 9 t X s4|' 3 <' ' L ~ 4 .......... _ re~~- 4- -j.........r g d aX f z 1> 2 - LK___ __1____ ____ A__ _ ___ The World Bank ECSSD Europe and Central Asia Region September, 1998 Profile of Rural, Environment, and Social Activities of the World Bank in Europe and Central Asia m The World Bank ECSSD Europe and Central Asia Region September, 1998 CONTENTS RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 5 ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 9 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 15 PROJECT INFORMATION 20 STAFF PROFILES 36 Group I Crop Yields Reflect the Progress of Reform Kiligrams per hectare 3,000 Group II 2,500 .. . ."g ......,,_--''... *.. Group lII 2,000 1,500 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Strong Producers Have Been Strong Reformers Price & Market Land Agroprocessing Rural Institutional Total Liberalization Reform & Input Supply Finance F amework Score Group I Hungary 9 9 9 8 8 8.6 Slovenia 8 9 8 8 9 8.4 Czech Republic 9 8 8 8 8 8.2 Estonia 10 6 7 7 9 7.8 Latvia 7 9 7 7 8 7.6 Poland 9 8 7 6 8 7.6 Slovak Republic 7 7 8 8 7 7.4 Armenia 7 8 7 7 8 7.4 Group II Lithuania 7 8 7 6 7 7.0 Macedonia, FYR 7 7 8 4 6 6.4 Albania 8 8 8 3 5 6.4 Georgia 7 7 5 6 6 6.2 Romania 7 7 6 6 4 6.0 Russia 7 5 7 6 5 6.0 Kyrgyz Republic 6 6 6 6 5 5.8 Moldova 7 6 7 5 4 5.8 Croatia 6 5 6 6 6 5.8 Kazakhstan 7 5 7 5 5 5.8 Group IlIl Bulgaria 6 7 5 4 5 5.4 Ukraine 7 5 7 5 3 5.4 Azerbaijan 6 6 5 4 4 5.0 Tajikistan 4 2 5 3 5 3.8 Group IV Uzbekistan 4 1 1 1 4 2.2 Turkmenistan 2 2 1 1 3 1.8 Belarus 3 1 2 2 1 1.8 Average Score 6.7 6.1 6.2 5.3 5.7 6.0 Source: World Bank Estimates Rural Development Strategy PROGRESS AND SETBACKS and the government forest services. These public insti- Agricultural output in the ECA Region has declined tutions often fight to preserve the old agricultural dramatically since the start of the transition in 1991. regimes rather than usher in reform. The deterioration has been largley due to the poor A comparison of countries' performance since the progress of agricultural policy and rural institutional beginning of transition shows a strong link between reform, particularly in Central Asia, Ukraine, Belarus, agricultural performance (as measured by cereal crop and Russia. Despite the setbacks experienced in the yields) and policy reform measures. These are shown region as a whole, several countries-notably Poland, in the figure and table on the left, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Georgia, Latvia, Armenia, Group I are the countries that reformed the Albania, Lithuania, Romania, and the Czech fastest and the most deeply, in most cases with assis- Republic-have made considerable progress to tance from the Bank. These include Hungary, reverse the initial declines in agricultural production. Slovenia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, And Moldova, Romania, and the Kyrgyz Republic Slovak Republic, and Armenia. On average, produc- have taken the first steps, with substantial assistance tivity in agriculture grew very rapidly beginning in from the Bank, to revitalize their agricultural sector. 1992, shortly after the transition began. Group II are countries that reformed more slowly THE REFORM EFFORT (the reticent reformers). These include Macedonia, Policy reform efforts include market liberalization, Albania, Georgia, Romania, Croatia, Kazakhstan, land reform, privatization of agricultural services, Kyrgyz Republic, Lithuania, Moldova, and (arguably) development of rural finance, and improved agricul- Russia. Crop yields declined somewhat in these coun- tural institutions. Notable for their progress in these tries until 1997 when improvement started being areas are Hungary, Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovenia, recorded. (Russia and Kazakhstan are marginal Poland, and the Slovak Republic. Progress has been members of this group; they are still politically resis- slower in Latvia, Lithuania, Armenia, and Georgia, tant to significant reform.) but these countries are emerging as effective reform- Group Im contains the slow reformers, including ers. (Only the recent instability has excluded Albania Tajikistan, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan. from this group. Current progress to control the Performance has been poor for these countries on unrest will allow Albania to rejoin.) average, although Bulgaria and Azerbaijan seem to be Romania, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and Croatia progressing faster than Russia. are just now beginning their reform programs, while Group IV Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine, Russia, and the Central Asian countries Uzbekistan, is the totally unreconstructed group, with show no commitment to reform (although Russia may policies only marginally different from those of the with the new government in place). For these coun- Soviet Union. For this fourth group, reform has been tries, the obstacle is often the Ministries of Agriculture almost nonexistent. 5 CD O ~ O O O ~ O O( _ e Slovenia CD0 Albania > Belarus Hungary Poland C _ Slovak Rep. CD Macedonia Romania Croatia Czech Rep. Bulgaria Armenia Estonia CD Latvia _ o Lithuania CD Georgia Kyrgyz Rep. Kazakhstan c Ukraine Moldova Uzbekistan Russia Tajikistan = Turkmenistan = Bosnia ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES whom rural finance services will be developed include In the countries where performance has been poorest, Ukraine, Romania, Lithuania, and Kazakhstan. the Bank has not been able to convince governments We have not yet developed a viable model of to launch serious agricultural policy reform, or to assistance for agro-industry, other than the privatiza- improve the content of their public investment pro- tion of state-owned enterprises, and a few projects grams affecting rural areas. Governments in this that develop wholesale markets. Our challenge is to group of countries are reluctant to allow the wide- create more imaginative and effective interventions spread allocation of land ownership to private house- (i.e., Citizens Network). Also of concern are the mil- hold farms. Collective and state farms continue to lions of hectares of irrigated agricultural land in operate, although in some of these countries, farms Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Russia, which were have been transformed into enterprises with ambigu- developed by the Soviet government and are currently ous ownership, and land tenure security is inadequate falling into disrepair. Millions of people depend on for private farming. The few projects that we do this land for their survival, so we have an economic support in these countries are generally less effective and social disaster in the making. This is exacerbated due to this poor environment. Our efforts are con- in Central Asia where environmental problems were fined to pilots, and to projects that can be insulated caused by poor design and management of this agri- to a large extent from the poor policy environment. cultural land. The rapid disappearance of the Aral Sea The biggest successes have been in land reform and the salinization of land around this sea is one of and the privatization of collective farms. The figure on its starkest manifestations. We have been slow to find page 6 shows the great variation in the degree of pri- solutions. We have supported some successful reha- vatization of agricultural land in the ECA countries. bilitation of irrigation, and recently completed an The countries making the most progress (often with appraisal of a GEF project directed at better man- our assistance through investment projects, adjust- agement of the Aral Sea Region. The Bank and other ment lending, and sector work) are Slovenia, Albania, donors have not, however, had a significant impact so Bulgaria, Armenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary, and far, and to do so would be extremely expensive. Poland. The disappointments have been in Central Sustainable forest management is a vital compo- Asia, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. nent in the long-term gro-wth of many ECA countries. The Bank has been successful in developing Russia alone contains a forest fifteen times the size of some national rural finance programs through private France, which is a major carbon sink. We are pro- and cooperative intermediaries that lend at market moting sustainable forest management through pro- interest rates. Early experience with rural finance pro- jects in Albania, Belarus, Bosnia, Croatia, and Poland vided by institutions other than the state banks in and are working closely with government agencies to Albania, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, and Kyrgyz prepareforestry projectsinGeorgia, Romania, Russia, Republic has been positive. Additional countries for and Turkey. At this point however, forests continue to 7 degrade throughout the region. countries. In addition, the strategic compact provid- We are pleased with the quality of our portfolio. ed resources for the Central Asian Countries and the A few statistics to show why: The World Bank's Caucasus to reform their agricultural research Operations Evaluation Department does ex-post systems, and for the EU accession countries to audits of projects. Their results show that 75 percent prepare their agricultural sectors for the requirements of completed rural development projects financed by of the European Union. the World Bank in ECA are fully satisfactory, 15 Results were poor in UKRAINE. Economic and percent are marginally satisfactory, and 10 percent agricultural policy suf'fered major setbacks and, as a are unsatisfactory. This is a good record relative to result, the agricultural policy adjustment operation has Bank-wide results (historically, about 35 percent of not disbursed its second tranche; the preparatory Bank-financed agriculture projects are unsatisfactory work to be done under the strategic compact was in at completion ). Currently, 5 of 36 projects under many cases not started at all. supervision are problem projects (13 percent ), down Results in GEORGIA AND ARMENIA have been from 8 of 35 (22 percent ) one year ago, and 12 of 35 very positive. In both countries, there has been rapid at the end of 1996. progress in agricultural policy reform, privatization of farm land, creation of private farms, privatization of A STRATEGIC COMPACT agro-industry, and creation of a rural finance system. Through strategic compact resources, the Bank has The Bank has made significant contributions to these introduced regulatory reform, enforcement mecha- achievements. nisms, and agricultural policy changes (with respect to Results in ALBANIA, initially very positive--with agriculture and rural development) to the ten coun- rapid progress in privatization, agricultural policy tries seeking admission to the EU. reform, and land privatization-were set back by the Under the strategic compact, Bank rural devel- recent fighting and social turmoil. Recovery has been opment work in ECA is focused on several countries. extremely slow, and our work financed under the The largest is Ukraine, chosen because of its unusu- strategic compact has been disappointing. Because ally high agricultural potential; in 1996 it was consid- the political climate is improving in Albania, signs ered to be on the verge of agricultural policy reform. point to accelerating this work next year. With reform, a significant increase in Bank lending The development of agricultural research systems and advice could help the country achieve its poten- in CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS is well under- tial. Georgia, Armenia, and Albania were added as way as planned under the strategic compact. focus countries in November 1997 because they had started a serious economic and agricultural transition. Additional effort by the Bank was expected to stimu- late large returns in the rural sector of these three 8 Environment Development Strategy The World Bank has sought to prioritize environ- 60 percent of the World Bank's financial assistance for mental issues based on human health-related con- these projects has been to improve air quality and cerns, "hot spots," and situations leading to irre- energy use. Sixteen percent has been for general envi- versible damage. However, environmental strategy ronmental improvements (including remediation and requires a long range approach that accounts for gov- institutional strengthening), 12 percent for forestry emnment policies, private sector management, and the projects, and 6 percent for GEF-related work on the overall economic situation. Institutional development, reduction of ozone depleting substances. These pro- capacity building, and public participation are also jects represent improvements in urban environmental important elements to our strategy management, oil spill remediation, urban air pollution The World Bank does not act alone. Client control, coastal zone management, forestry manage- country governments, businesses, non-governmental ment and biodiversity conservation, energy efficiency organizations, and individuals decide on their priori- and the use of alternative energy sources, and ties and how they will fund improvements. The World improved water supply and sanitation. Bank, working closely with donor organizations, During fiscal years 1996, 1997, and 1998 (i.e., ensures that clients have the means to realize their from July 1995 until the publication of this report), the commitments. The following section gives a brief description of BOX 1 our activities, our work with clients, and our focus on Linking Environmental and Policy Objectives environmental problems and improvements. It is Since July, 1995, some World Bank projects con- important to note that the period for the activities we ducted in the ECA region have included environ- describe is only two and a half years. Moreover, envi- mental quality and management components ronmental project work with clients in this region only designed to identify potential negative environmental began in 1990; serious and lasting actions are just now consequences and to create measures to mitigate them. These projects have linked environmental under way. objectives and sectoral development, and have estab- lished an institutional basis to capture potential envi- ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS ronmental benefits. The World Bank's portfolio of environmental projects in this region since 1990 includes 19 projects (in addi- Focus of tion to 18 Global Environment Facility, or GEF pro- Component Number of jects). These projects are in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Water Quality and Usage 11 Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Air Quality and Energy Efficiency 7 Russia, and Slovenia. They represent total World Management and Practices 3 Bank support of roughly US$1.6 bilion out of a total TOTAL: 21 project cost of $3.3 bilion. As Box 1 shows, more than 9 World Bank committed financing for two stand-alone tributing to restored tourism use. This five-year environmental projects in Lithuania, one in Bulgaria, project vill protect soil and water as well as restore the one in Latvia, one in Croatia, and one in Slovenia. natural vegetation of the area, while developing a These six projects represent a commitment of $125 knowledge base for improved management and the million of Wlorld Bank funds and a total project cost protection of coastal forests. of $206 million. The Latvian Municipal Solid Waste Management In Lithuania, the Siaulai Environmental Project Project will demonstrate self-sustaining modem waste (the seventh World Bank pollution project for the management techniques. The project will remediate Baltic Sea region), will upgrade the water quality by an existing disposal site, establish a recyclable materi- improving wastewater treatment. It also provides for als separation unit, segregate hazardous waste from better environmental management in other areas, municipal waste, collect methane gas and the use of such as waste management. The World Bank/GEF- energy cells for thie enhanced degradation of supported Klaipeda Geothermal Demonstration biodegradable waste, and generate electricity from Project will provide technical assistance and invest- waste byproducts. Because of the significant reduction ment for the construction of a geothermal demon- of methane- a greenhouse gas-the project is being stration plant to provide energy for a district heating co-financed by the GEF. system. The plant will bring about reductions of The Slovenia Environment Project is designed to 56,000 tons of CO2 and 1,200 tons of S02 annually, reduce particulate and SO2 emissions in some of the and will demonstrate the value of developing indige- country's most heavily polluted cities. The project nous geothermal energy resources. involves institutional strengthening and an environ- The Bulgarian Environmental Remediation Pilot mental management scheme for the Soca Valley An Project will assist the government to reduce environ- Air Pollution Abatement Fund (APAF) will be estab- mental problems at a recently privatized copper lished as a trust and managed by the Slovenian smelter, and improve prospects for private investment Ecofund to finance conversion from coal to cleaner in the company. The main environmental benefits vill fuels or district heating systems. Ultimately, the APAF derive from addressing a leaking, arsenic-laden lagoon will become a self-sustaining revolving loan fund for that threatens a drinking-water reservoir. The project siniilar projects in other polluted Slovenian cities. will also address contaminated groundwater, solid waste disposal, and the management of slag tailings and industrial sludge. In Croatia, the Coastal Forest Reconstruction and Protection Project aims to restore and protect forest land in the coastal zone in order to enhance the land- scape and recreation values of the region, thereby con- 10 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL BOX 2 ACTION PLANS Environmental Objectives Addressed with The World Bank has placed a strong emphasis on World Bank IDF Grants National Environmental Action Plans (NEAPS) Albania because they integrate environmental concerns into Preparation of National Environmental Action Plan each country's overall national development policies Armenia and programs, and help ensure that environmental Strengthening Institutional Capacity for and economic objectives are achieved together. They Environmental and Natural Resource Management lay a foundation for prioritizing future actions as well Integrated Planning to Prepare an Action Plan for as a means for discussing problems with civil society. Lake Sevan And they align World Bank assistance with country Azerbaijan assistance strategies because environmental priorities Institutional Capacity Building in Environmental can often be mapped to specific investment actions. Management The World Bank is currently helping Armenia, Bulgaria Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan to Institutional Development for Preparing and identify environmental priorities as part of the Implementing Environmental Projects (NEAP) process. All of these countries have inherited Georgia an ineffective environmental management system Strengthening Institutional Capacity for and a number of critical environmental problems. Environmental and Natural Resource Management AzERBAlJAN has severe health-related effects due to Kazakhstan industrial pollution and threats to the Caspian Sea Institutional Capacity Building in Environmental coast. Management and Planning KAZAKHSTAN suffers acute urban air pollution, solid FYR Macedonia waste management, and water quality problems. Preparation of National Environmental Action Plan UZBEKISTAN'S problems lie in the area of water Ukraine resource management, air quality, urban infrastruc- Strengthening Local Environment, Environmental ture, and sustainable resource management in the face Policy Development of rapid population growth. ARmENIA faces urban water pollution and sanitation In Russia, the World Bank is assisting two problems, land erosion, unsustainable forestry, and the Regional Environmental Action Plans (for the Upper degradation of Lake Sevan. Volga and Aural regions) as well as four Sector GEORGLKS problems include poor water resource Environmental Action Plans that focus on ferrous management, air pollution, energy inefficiency, and metals, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, and petro- solid waste management. chemicals. 11 In addition to NEAPS, regional policy work and analyzed trans-boundary and local environmental research sponsored by the World Bank has also con- issues, identified urgent investment actions, support- tributed to the integration of environmental concerns ed the Urgent Investment Portfolio, facilitated multi- and economic management. New policy reviews and sector coordination, and provided technical assistance programs, such as the Gas Sector Reviewv for Poland. for local capacity-building. Through the program's Coal Sector Review for Ukraine, Oil and Gas Issues integrated coastal zone management and biodiversi- Study for Uzbekistan, Agricultural Sector Review for ty components, the World Bank has strengthened Georgia, Transport Sector Review for Kazakhstan, institutional capacity by establishing activity centers, and Energy Sector Review for FYR Macedonia, are expanding information networks, and supporting likely to contribute to closer coordination of environ- training, national reports, and pilot projects. mental and economic development objectives. Finally, through the use of the World Bank's THE CASPIAN SEA ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM has Institutional Development Fund, we have provided enlisted and guided the cooperative efforts of the five small grants to several countries for work on man- Caspian littoral states (i.e., Azerbaijan, Iran, agement and institutional strengthening components Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan) to establish a outside of investment projects. functioning regional program. All five countries, the World Bank, UNDP UNEPJ EU-TACIS, other gov- PARTNERSHIPS ernment, and private sector representatives have met; The World Bank is participating in several collabora- the program framew7ork they are considering would: tive efforts in the region to improve the Baltic, Black, Aral, and Caspian Seas, and the Danube River Basin. * Establish a Caspian Bio-Resources Network, * Identify urgent, high-priority investment projects, THE BALTIC AND BLACK SEA ENVIRONMENTAL * Establish a Program Coordination Unit, and PROGRAMS have moved quickly from regional * Set up Activity Centers in each country to coordi- problem identification and priority-setting to project nate capacity building measures. preparation and financing investments. The Baltic Sea Environmental Program has focused on preventative For the ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE and restorative actions to protect the sea, based on DANUBE RiVER BASIN PROJECT, the 70rld Bank wvas 130 identified hot spots. They have recommended involved in agricultural studies in Moldova, pre- policy and legislative reforms and supported institu- investment work for the Budapest wastewater treat- tional strengthening, research, and public environ- ment project, and a public awareness campaign for mental education. the Bucharest water supply project. Work on] this program continues, and future objectives are being THE BLACK SEA ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM has discussed. 12 ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITIES BOX 3 In the five years between the Environmental Action Administering GEF Projects Program for Central and Eastern Europe and today, The World Bank is one of three implementing agen- profound changes have occurred in the region. First, cies of the Global Environment Facility. Since 1995, there is a growing difference among countries in the 16 Bank!GEF projects were approved by the World speed and type of their transition. Second, environ- Bank in the Region. These include eight projects mental priority-setting efforts have highlghted the addressing the phase-out of ozone-depleting sub- menta pr1nty-ettm effrts ave lghlghte the stances, five projects (including two with IFC) on complex needs of each country And third, regarding climae chne tw prjctsdin the itenIon m ~~~climate change, two0 projects in the international environmental needs and investments, there are now waters area, and one biodiversity project. A total of 30 two major groups of countries in the region. projects have been financed at least in part with GEF One group of client countries is focusing on funding since 1993. The Bank/GEF is also funding accession to the European Union. This group has a nine biodiversity strategies and action plans through- clear framework and goals for future environmental out the Region. An additional ten projects in biodi- standards accompanied by important questions versity, climate change, and international waters have been approved by the GEF council and are under regarding the timing, cost, and implementation of sig- appraisal by the World Bank. nificant environmental investments. A second group of client countries, mainly in the CIS, have started to World Bank/GEF Projects in the ECA identify their environmental priorities and are now Region, 1995-1998 charged with moving from plan to action. The World Bank is responding to the needs of Ozone Depleting Biodiversity our clients in these two groups. We offer policv Substance Phaseout/ Strategies/ Greenhouse Gas Projects advice, institutional strengthening assistance, and Reduction Projects project financing. In addition, new financial mecha- Albania nisms recently introduced by the World Bank may be Belarus a cost-effective way of helping our clients build insti- Bulgaria tutional capacity while implementing priority actions Croatia to achieving long-term environmental goals. Georgia Hungary . Kyrgyz Republic WORLD BANK ASSISTANCE FOR EU Latvia ACCESSION COUNTRIES Lithuania * Ten client countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Poland 0 Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia a Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia) are candidates for Slovenia accession to a larger European Union. This process Ukraine 13 will undoubtedly take some time, and it needs to be THE WORLD BANK'S ROLE phased in accordance with the specific circumstances The World Bank sees its role as helping our clients to of each country. Among other challenges these coun- identify their priorities, develop institutional capacity, tries face for accession, the EU has a set of environ- and then move from plan to action. We can assist at mental standards that must be applied consistently any stage of the process. First, we can assist clients in across countries, i.e., adherence to the acquis commu- assessing environmental problems and setting priori- nautaire. Achieving EU air and water qualitv standards ties by developing a NEAP The NEAP process helps will require major investments and a strong commit- ensure that support for priority actions is broad and ment on the part of client govemments, businesses, widely debated. Second, we can assist clients in devel- and individuals. oping the institutional capacity to handle past and In collaboration with donors and the European future environmental problems and improvements for Commission (including the PHARE program), the the long term-including the prudent management of World Bank is helping these countries to assess ways natural resources. And third, the World Bank pro- in which the Bank can provide assistance for the vides, upon request, the necessary financing to imple- process of EU accession. In addition, the World ment each client country's program of investments. Bank can provide financing to undertake the neces- sary investments to comply with EU environmental standards, should our clients request it. 14 Social Development Strategy The ECA Social Development Team (SDT) was Despite significant achievements (many have established in EC S SD on July 1, 1998, by combining received Bank-wide recognition) there is considerable many of the staff of the ECA/MNA Social Unit work to be done. During the next year, the SD Team (housed in MNSED during FY 1998) and adding two plans (1) to increase the number of SAs completed, staff members from ECSHD who work on cultural by starting earlier in the project cycle and covering a heritage issues. The establishment of the Regional wider spectrum of sectors and project types; (2) to Social Development Team demonstrates the Region's conduct more timely macro-social analysis as building commitment to mainstream social analysis in analyti- blocks for Country Assistance Strategies; (3) to com- cal and operational work. The Regional SDT plans to plete and publish ongoing studies and initiate new strengthen ties between social scientists and other ones that address emerging issues; and (4) to inten- staff and managers to promote the integration of sify training and collaboration with local social sci- social development issues into country analyses and entists. programs. Even before the creation of the ECA SDT, however, the demand for social analysis increased SOCIAL ASSESSMENT markedly, and the impact of social analysis became In ECA during FY 1998, at least 40 SAs were initiat- more visible in the design and implementations of ed and/or completed (Table 1), compared to 22 the operations in the Region. The ECA SDT has made year before. This list includes the first SAs in a considerable progress in addressing the four objec- number of sectors and types of projects, as well as the tives of its strategy: first examples of second generation SAs (which build on the findings of a previous SA in the same country * lb mainstream social assessment in operations on a related theme). Examples of new applications of through social assessments (SA) and social moni- SA in ECA include: health in Kazakhstan, Georgia, toring; and Uzbekistan; roads in the Russian Federation; cul- * To broaden the use of social analysis in analytical tural heritage in Georgia and Croatia; social protec- and program work, especially the Country tion in Armenia and Albania; post-conflict recon- Assistance Strategy (CAS) and Economic Sector struction in Bosnia and Tajikistan, and the mining Work (ESW); sector in Romania. The first compliance-related SAs * To explore important social issues in the region were carried out in Ukraine, Dniester Hydropower through policy studies and operational research; Project (Resettlement) and Russian Federation, and Sustainable Forestry Pilot Project (Indigenous * To build capacity for social analysis in our client People). We expect these trends to continue and to countries by working with local social scientists and broaden in FY 1999. New demands already include by establishing social science networks. private sector and mine safety projects in the Russian Federation, and solid waste management in Turkey. In 15 TABLE 1 Also in Kazakhstan, the SA for the Svr Darya Project Social Assessments Initiated or Completed updated findings of the Water, Sanitation, and Health in FY 1998 SA, also conducted in 1995. In Azerbaijan, the SA for the Agricultural Development Project drew on Sector/Project Country Status insights and findings from the SA for the -Farm Agricultural Azerbaijan Completed Privatization Project. The Urban Transport Projects in Restructuring Kazakhstan Completed Uzbekistan and Kyrgyz Republic drew on the Moldova Completed methods and findings of the SA conducted in 1995 in Tajikistan Underway Turkmenistan. Several projects in Tajikistan also uti- Uzbekistan Completed lized the results of earlier SAs. BA third trend related to SAs in ECA is the Irrigation Kyrgyz RSepublic Completed Slovenia Completed increased use of SAs for ongoing social monitoring in projects. The first example, the Russia Coal SECAL, Forestry Russia Completed involves continuous SA funding through a separate Turkey Completed implementation loan that triggers successive tranches. Other projects, such as the Agricultural P'ost- Biological Russia Underway Privatization Support Project in Kazakhstan and the Diversity Ukraine Underway Energy Efficiency/Housing Project in Lithuania, have Health Kazakhstan Completed social monitoring components as learning and man- Uzbekistan Completed agement tools. The introduction of the new lernding instruments, LIL, and APL, can be expected to Social Armenia Underway include ongoing SA work to maximize the learning Protection from pilot activities. addition, a series of health, education, and social pro- USE OF SOCIAL ANALYSIS tection efforts in Moldova, Hungary, Romania, The use of social analysis in Country Assistance Georgia, Armenia, Croatia, Albania, Slovak Republic, Strategies (CAS) and Economic Sector Work (ESW) and Slovenia will include SAs. has been limited in ECA. Three CAS preparations The first successive SAswere completed during included some social analysis and participatory the year: in Kazakhstan, the SA for the Post- approaches-Tajikistan, Albania, and Latvia-includ- Privatization Support Project, focused on a number of ing a study on social vulnerability in Albania. The ini- social aspects of privatization and built upon the find- tiatives were launched late in the CAS preparation ings of the SA for the Irrigation and Drainage cycle, however, which therefore lirmited their impact. Improvement Project, which was conducted in 1995. Nonetheless, the interventions have made people 16 aware of the social development issues, which should regarding new policies and alternatives serves to result in the integration of those issues into the CAS. increase disparities and to slow the transition to new During EY 1999, social analysis for a CAS will begin social and economic structures. Systematic social earlier (one or two years before the documents are assessments, both macro-level and project-specific (as completed) to generate inputs that can more funda- well as ongoing social monitoring) are needed to mentally shape the CAS. Meanwhile, an increasing increase our knowledge of these issues and our ability number of poverty and sectoral assessment teams to promote positive changes. include social scientists in the formulation as well as To broaden and deepen our knowledge base for implementation stages. policy reforms and operations, the SDT has under- taken a number of initiatives that address some of the IMPORTANT SOCIAL ISSUES issues identified above. First, a major analysis of the SAs have begun to highlight a number of social devel- elderly, who are trapped in the transition, calls into opment issues of importance to Bank operations in question some of our operating assumptions. Second, ECA. First, the transition is leading to pronounced an assessment of experiences with farm privatization disparities in income and access to productive and the social impact of privatization identifies major resources between urban and rural areas, between knowledge gaps and new approaches that should be managers and workers, among gender and age considered. Third, a study of gender in rural ECA groups, and between regions within countries. Our challenges the previous assumption that the impact of understanding is limited concerning whether these the transition is gender neutral. Fourth, our study of disparities are new or are carried over from pre-tran- ethnicity in Central Asia is being updated and com- sition periods; this limitation has led to inappropriate plemented by studies of ethnicity in several countries or inadequate interventions. Second, new institu- of Eastern Europe, which has implications for Bank tions and social structures are emerging to fill institu- operations in ECA. Finally, an expert consultation on tional gaps caused by the collapse of the Soviet social inclusion in Armenia and Albania generated system. Other markct-oriented institutional struc- new insights relevant to our analytical and operational tures are developing parallel to old ones. Bank invest- agendas in the two countries. In addition, this con- ments support new or newly privatized entities, sultation offered substance to Bank-wide discussions assuming that the old structures wvill disappear. In the on the topic of social exclusion. process, however, many people are caught in old social and institutional structures that continue to weaken BUILD LOCAL CAPACITY but do not collapse. We need to develop new The SDT relies heavily on the collaboration of local approaches to reach people in these outdated institu- social scientists for virtually all of its work, particular- tions instead of waiting for the demise of the old struc- ly for field studies and initial data analysis. As we par- tures. Third, the poor dissemination of information ticipate more actively in CAS preparation, we will 17 increasingly draw on our local colleagues to prepare CHALLENGES macro-social analysis and to participate in country dia- The SDT faces a number of challenges that will be logues. We have drawn on a special trust fund to addressed in the next two years, while we have the promote Social Science Networks in Central Asia, benefit of strategic compact resources: to increase the which has funded training in applied social analysis, incidence, cost-effectiveness, and value added of SAs operational research, participation in social assess- for project design and social monitoring through sys- ment work, and communication among academics, tematic review and quality control; to integrate social private sector researchers, and NGOs. During FY analysis more thoroughly into the wider Regional ana- 1999, the SDT will expand the number of networks lytical and operational agendas, with concomitant and mobilize more systematic training opportunities results; to identify and explore important social issues for our colleagues. This will enable them to contribute that affect our policies and operations within real more actively and effectively both to our analytical and country contexts; to build social science capacity operational agendas and to the problems facing their through collaboration in our work and training; to respective countries. increase the validity and cost-effectiveness of our work; to encourage colleagues to take active roles in country dialogues; and to explore opportunities to prepare social development lending operations and lead task teams for the social development cornpo- nents of projects. 18 19 Project Information ALBANIA FORESTRY 8271 AGRICULTURE SECTOR ADJUSTMENT The Forestry Project has two principal objectives: (1) to CREDIT S256 restore degraded state-owned forest and pasture areas The Agriculture Sector Adjustment Credit supports a and promote their sustainable use; and (2) to take the sectoral program of radical structural reforms over a initial steps for the transition of the forestry/pasture sec- period of 18 months; provides a line of credit to the gov- tor to a market economy, separating commercial from ernment for on-lending to rural entrepreneurs through regulatory functions and establishing mechanisms for the new Agricultural Bank; and provides funds for tech- self-financing of the commercial activities. nical assistance to support the implementation of the Task Manager Name: Brylski program. The sectoral reform program is based on the Board Approval Date: 16-Apr-96 strategic framework developed by the government in Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 5.5 collaboration with IDA and the European Community. It addresses four key areas of policy and institutional RURAL DEVELOPMENT 8273 reform: (1) to create an appropriate agricultural price The Rural Development Project's objectives are: (a) to and incentive framework; (2) to provide rural entrepre- create employment for the rural population and inject neurs xvith access to credit and restructuring of the rural cash resources into rural households; (b) to repair basic financial system; (3) to liquidate state farms, distribute rural infrastructure; and (c) to promote private sector their land, and develop the legal and policy framewvork activities and help create a rural market economy. to accelerate consolidation and develop the market for Task Manager Name: Funk land; and (4) to improve the performance of the (cur- Board Approval Date: 14-Feb-95 rently state-owned) enterprises in the agricultural mar- Project Loan Amount (US$ min): 4.1 keting and processing sector. Task Manager Name: Kodderitzsch URBAN WORKS & Board Approval Date: 24-Jun-93 MICRO-ENTERPRISE 54181 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 14.2 The objective of this pilot project is to help the govern- ment develop a fivc-year program to boost employment IRRIGATION REHABILITATION 8270 and small-scale economic activity in urban areas, based The Irrigation Rehabibtation Project supports the gov- on the successful approach of the RPAPP. Objectives of ernment's strategy framework for the irrigation and the proposed five-year Urban Works and Micro-enter- drainage sub-sector. The objectives of the project are: prise Project are: (a) to create employment and stimu- (a) to raise farm productivity through rapid rehabilita- late private sector activity in urban areas; (b) to repair tion of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure; (b) to basic urban infrastructure; (c) to promote micro-enter- increase the income of small private farmers and create prises; and (d) to help local governments obtain the employment opportunities for dependent farm labor in skills they need for promoting economic development in rural areas; (c) to ensure the long-term sustainability of the long run. irrigation and drainage investments through farmer par- Task Manager Name: Funk ticipation in operation and maintenance, efficient sys- Board Approval Date: 1-Aug-95 tem management, and adequate cost recovery. Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 2.6 Task Manager Name: Konishi Board Approval Date: 6-Sep-94 NORTHEASTERN DISTRICTS 19041 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 7.1 Task Manager Name: Abdukadir Board Approval Date: 1994 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 20 ARAL SEA AZERBAIJAN WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL FARM PRIVATIZATION 40544 MANAGEMENT 8326 The objectives of this pilot project are: (1) to help the Task Manager Name: Roider government implement a pilot privatization program of Board Approval Date: 11-Jun-98 representative state and collective farms in a systematic Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 12.2 manner; (2) to improve the operations of the most important support services-the land registration sys- ARMENIA tem, the farm information and advisory system, and crit- IRRIGATION REHABILITATION ical off-farm and on-farm infrastructure necessary to sustain privatized agriculture; (3) to develop suitable PROJECT~~~~~~~ ~ 8277 financing mechanisms for public infrastructure and pri- The main objectives of the Irrigation Rehabilitation Project are to help Armenia maintain the level of irrigat- vate mvestments for a market-oriented agricultural sys- ed agricultur production andtoiprovethecountrys tem; and (4) to build a team ethic in the kev institutions cdwaterreource maoduonagemend t. Impoveth contr's involved in land privatization and farm restructuring. water resoM cemanagerN men. GTask Manager Name: Sampath Task Manager Name: Gafsi ~Board Approval Date: 16-Jan-97 Board Approval Date: 8-Dec-94 Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 43 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 14.7 EMERGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL AGRICULTURE REFORIUIIPOE NT 515 SUPPORT PROJECT 35806 The Agriculture Reform Support Project supports four The objectives of the Emergency Environmental measures that will determine the further success of Improvements Project are: (a) to restore the capacitv of Azerbaijan to produce sturgeon fingerlings by building a reforms in the sector and the recovery of food and agri- new, hatchery; (b) to demonstrate mercury cleanup tech- culture in general: (a) the timely development of a work- nologies and procedures by cleaning up one area heavi- ing rural financial system to support privatized agricul- ly polluted by mercury; (c) to test and demonstrate on- tore, farmers, and processors; (b) the successful restruc- so ollfied cleanupymethodologes an i up on turing of privatized agro-processing enterprises, and the oil field itean peninsula; an (d) to ove demand for processable primarv agricultural products-, oil field in the Abseron peninsula; and (d) to improve the institutional and regulatory capacitv of the Azeri (c) the expansion of the current land deed recording sys- tem . . . ~~~~~~~~~environmental management system. tem into a title registration system for transactions in Task M anager me:tBtstoem land and other real estate (capable of generalizing the as Manager Name Batstone practice of pledging collateral for working capital and Board Approval Date: 30-Jun-98 t,, Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 15 investment loans); and (d) the strengthening of agricul- tural support services that can both transfer information on agricultural practices and farm management, and BELARUS deliver commercially usable agricultural research results. FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT 8302 Task Manager Name: Lundell The objective of the Forestry Development Project is to Board Approval Date: 27-Jan-98 restructure the forestry sector to ensure that it can make Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 14.5 its optimal contribution to the economy. The short-term project strategy supports this objective by introducing significant sector policy and management reforms to allow the sector to operate under emerging market con- ditions; by improving forest maintenance operating effi- 21 ciency and cost-effectiveness; by prolonging the life of wood raw-material from rich forest resources to wood the existing harvest mechanization pool (and thereby industries largely intact despite the war (this would meet reversing the decline in wood harvesting levels); by an urgent demand for reconstruction material); to rapid- maintaining and increasing efficient rural employment; ly increase employment in rural areas where other and by expanding exports. The emphasis is on a "mini- employment opportunities are limited. mum package" to provide fast returns, supplemented by Task Manager Name: Wencelius selected longer-term interventions. Board Approval Date: 2-Jun-98 Task Manager Name: Magrath Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 7 Board Approval Date: 26-May-94 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 41.9 BULGARIA ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY PILOT GEE ODS PHASEOUT PROJECT 44729 PROJECT 33965 The objective of the GEF Ozone-Depleting Substances The objective of this pilot project is (1) to help the (ODS) Phaseout Project is to help Belarus phase out Government of Bulgaria reduce environmental hazards ODS consumption in a manner consistent with interna- caused by past pollution at MDK Copper Smelter tional efforts and within internationally agreed time- (MDK); (2) to facilitate improvements in the environ- frames. Assisting high consumption enterprises will mental performance of the plant; and (3) to enable the enable them to make the transition to non-ODS materi- privatization of MDK by reducing uncertainties and als before supplies diminish. This project xvill also pro- concerns of strategic investors about environmental lia- vide needed technical assistance and institutional bility issues. This project will hopefully become a model strengthening (in the form of equipment, technical sup- for addressing past environmental damage and liabilities port, and staff training) to an ozone office in the in the process of privatization. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Task Manager Name: Damianova Protection. This project targets priority consumption Board Approval Date: 12-May-98 phaseout activities in the refrigeration and solvent sec- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 16 tors; provides modest technical assistance at both insti- tutional and enterprise levels to implement the ODS GEF ODS PHASEOUT 39376 Phaseout Country Program, and technology transfer for Task Manager Name: Sarkar phaseout in the fire protection sector. It is structured as Board Approval Date: 18-Dec-95 a framework project, which consists of a series of six Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 9.54 enterprise-specific technology conversion investment subprojects (involving refrigeration manufacturing, CROATIA refrigeration servicing, and solvent replacement), and two technical assistance subcomponents involving fire COASTAL FOREST RECONSTRUCTION 8334 protection technology and capacity building. The objective of the Coastal Forest Reconstruction Task Manager Name: Shepardson Project is to restore and protect forest land in the coastal Board Approval Date: 13-May-97 zone of Croatia to enhance landscape and recreation Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 6.72 values of the region and thereby restore tourism to its pre-war level. Other objectives are (1) to restore the BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA environmental role of coastal forests destroyed by the FORESTRY 43134 war (i.e., to protect soils and waters, and initiate the This Forestry Project would have the following two restoration of the natural vegetation); (2) to address the objectives: to jump-start the forestry and Nvood process- problem of forest fires: and (3) to develop the knowl- ing sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina by providing edge base for improved management and protection of 22 coastal forests. ECA REGION Task Manager Name: Wencelius ALBANIA-MACEDONIA LAKE Board Approval Date: 11-Dec-96 OHRID CONSERVATION 42042 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 42 The objective of the Lake Ohrid Conservation Project is to conserve and protect the natural resources and biodi- PRIVATE FARMER SUPPORT SERVICES versity of Lake Ohrid. The project will develop and sup- PROJECT 8335 port an effective cooperation between Albania and FYR The Private Farmer Support Services Project has two Macedonia for the joint environmental management of objectives: (1) to provide essential support services to the Lake Ohrid Watershed. The project components the private sector farmers, thereby improving the include: (a) developing the institutional, legal, and regu- income of the private farming community largely latory framework for environmental management in the neglected in the past, and; (2) to increase the productiv- Lake Ohrid Watershed; (b) the Lake Ohrid Monitoring ity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Program; (c) the Lake Ohrid Participatory Watershed Task Manager Name: Kodderitzsch Management Program; and (d) a public awareness and Board Approval Date: 21-Mar-96 participation program. Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 17 Task Manager Name: Battaglini Board Approval Date: 11-Jun-98 CZECH REPUBLIC Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 6.7 GEF BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION PROJECT 8376 ESTONIA The objectives of the Biodiversity Protection Project are AGRICULTURE 8403 to protect and strengthen forest and related ecosystem The Agriculture Project objectives are to increase rural biodiversity in the Czech Republic: (a) by protecting incomes and to stimulate the rural economy through three representative ecosvstems-zones containing rural entrepreneurship. To achieve these objectives, this alpine meadows (Krkonose), lowland forests and wet- Project focuses on improving factor productivity and lands (Palava), and mountain forests (Sumava); (b) by competitiveness of agricultural products by providing supporting the activity of three transnational biodiversi- assistance for: (a) the privatization of rural lands; (b) the ty protection networks; and (c) by developing systems of privatization and rehabilitation of select rural infrastruc- financially sustainable biodiversity protection in the ture; (c) the improvement of human resources skills for Czech Republic through the introduction of user fees, entrepreneurship in rural areas; (d) the introduction of related charges for visitors, and concessions to manage new farming technologies consistent with transformed the areas within their determined carrying capacity. private agriculture; and (e) the improvement in food Task Manager Name: Bond quality. The Project's objectives and strategies support Board Approval Date: 19-Oct-93 the implementation of the Government of Estonia's Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 1.7 (GOE') rural sector policies. Task Manager Name: Grohs KYJOV WASTE 45572 Board Approval Date: 5-Mar-96 Task Manager Name: Kiss Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 15.3 Board Approval Date: 27-Aug-98 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 5.8 HAAPSALU/MATSALU BAY 8406 The Haapsalu/Matsalu Bay Project's objectives are: (a) to reduce discharge of partially treated or tintreated wastewater to the Baltic Sea; (b) to restore and enhance 23 thc water quality in Haapsalu and Matsalu Bays; (c) to ner by the year 1996, as mandated by Montreal Protocol improve water supply and sanitation services in and its amendments and adjustments. Specifically, this Haapsalu; (d) to improve the operational efficiency and project will assist Hungary (1) to support the phaseout management systems of the Haapsalu Water Works; of the consumption of chlorofluorocarbons (C:FCs) (e) to promote environmentally sustainable management through adoption of new cost-effective CFC-free rech- of the Haapsalu and Matsalu Bays, especially the nologies; (2) to phase-in the operation of a national net- Matsalu State Nature Reserve; and (f) to demonstrate work for recoverv/reclamation/recycling (3R) of refriger- the application of a variety of low cost approaches for ants (CFC-12 and CFC-11); and (3) to improve the the management of point and non-point source pollu- capability of the Ministry for Environment and Regional tion in the Matsalu catchment area. Policy (MERP) to manage and oversee the phaseout of Task Manager Name: Kiskis ODS in Hungary through institutional strengthening. Board Approval Date: 20-Apr-95 The main components of the project are an institutional Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 2 strengthening component; a recovery, reclamation, and recycling component for ODS used as refrigerants; and an investment component for thirteen sub-projects. GEORGIA Task Manager Name: Kiss AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT Board Approval Date: 29-Nov-95 PROJECT 8415 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 6.31 The objective of the Agricultural Development Project is to increase agricultural productivity in Georgia by sup- PRODUCT MARKET DEVELOPMENT 8482 porting the development of private sector farming and The objective of this project is to strengthen the opera- agro-processing. The specific goals of the project are to tional and pricing efficiency of product markets and to develop an agricultural credit system; to facilitate improve the business environment. The project x,vill increased liquidity in land markets; and to identify, address current constraints that impede the develop- through training, a series of studies and pilot operations, ment of improved product markets and the flow of an agricultural development and investment program goods. The commercial banking system will make finan- addressing major constraints to increasing agricultural cial assistance available for beneficiaries to finance activ- productivity. This would be achieved by: (i) developing ities related to marketing, trade, and distribution of con- the capacity of private commercial banks to provide sumer products. Subloans wiil finance investment and loans to enterprises; (ii) restarting privatized enterprises; permanent working capital needs of the beneficiaries. (iii) developing financial services for the rural popula- Technical assitance will be available to: (a) governrnent tion; (iv) implementing a land registration program; and ministries and agencies in support of actions to strength- (v) conducting studies to help formulate programs for en the enabling environment; and (b) private sector supporting agriculture services to private farmers. institutions to set up organizational arrangements to Task Manager Name: Shuker promote better coordination in the provision of training Board Approval Date: 25-Mar-97 and advisory services for a w7ide range of logistics-relat- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 15 ed activities (including inventory management, cost accounting, and improved business logistics manage- HUNGARY ment practices), and to provide training to bank staff to ODS PHASEOUT 34622 evaluate projects in the marketing, trade, and distribu- The principal objective of the Phaseout of Ozone tion sectors. Depleting Substances Project is to assist Hungary in the Task Manager Name: KYtn phaseout of ODS consumption in a cost effective man- Board Aoal Ate : 14l Project Loan Amount (24S$ mln): 100 24 KAZAKH1STAN KYRGYZ REPUBLIC AGRICULTURAL POST PRIVATIZATION SHEEP & WOOL IMPROVEMENT ASSISTANCE PROJECT 8503 PROJECT 8513 The Agricultural Post Privatization Assistance Project The Sheep & Wool Improvement Project sets up the supports the development of newly privatized farms and institutional framework that enables sheep farmers to agro-enterprises in key agricultural areas, and the operate outside government control and obtain better improvement of rural productivity and incomes. The marketing opportunities for their products by improving program has three phases. The first phase focuses on the the profitability of sheep and wool farming. The project legal framework, the institutions, and the procedures to groups farmers into private professional associations. support improved performance of rural enterprises and Assistance is also being provided to the research insti- to stimulate the flow of commercial bank financing to tutes devoted to sheep and wool production. enterprises. The second phase builds on the first phase Task Manager Name: Schillhorn by expanding the coverage of the advisory services. The Board Approval Date: 14-May-96 third phase will expand the program nationwide. Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 11.6 Task Manager Name: Southworth Board Approval Date: 02-Jun-98 RURAL FINANCE 8520 Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 15 The Rural Finance Project has two objectives: (1) in the short-term, to establish an interim institutional arrange- KAZAIK STAN ment for lending to the agricultural and agribusiness sec- REAL ESTATE REGULATORY PILOT tors, presently without acccss to commercial bank cred- PROJECT 46044 it; and (2) in the medium- and long-term, to provide the Task Manager Name: Cook basis for developing community-based financial services Board Approval Date: 3-Apr-97 for the rural population. The project is comprised of the Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 10 following components: Kyrgyz Agricultural Finance Corporation (KAFC) lne of credit; Small Farmers' IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE Credit Outreach Program (SFCOP) line of credit; IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 8510 KAFC technical assistance; SFCOP technical assistance; The Irigaion nd Drinag Impovemet Prject training for KAFC and SFCOP; and suppor-t for admin- The Irrigation and Drainage Improvement Project itavebudgets. objectives are to promote sustainable irrigated agricul- Task Manager Name: Kim ture; to introduce economic and environmental selec- Task Anag Name: Kim ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~Board Approval Date: 5-Jun-97 tion criteria in long-term irrigation investment planning; Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 16 to introduce higher technical standards and new tech- nologies/procedures in planning, design, construction, AGRICULTURE SUPPORT environmental protection and procurement; to promote farm privatization and restructuring; and to implement SERVICES PROJECT 40721 pilots for agriculture training and a farmers'information he objective of the Agriculture Support Services service. Project is to support the development of a productive Task Manager Name: Van Tuijl and competitive private farming sector by: (i) promoting Board Approval Date: 18-Jun-96 a rational distribution of land and property assets during Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 80 the continuing privatization process; and (ii) providing farmers with access to essential services including the adaptation and transfer of technology, the availability of timely and reliable market information, and the supply 25 of improved seed. plished by the maximum collection of generated landfill Task Manager Name: Sampath gas (LFG) containing :50% methane, thereby reducing Board Approval Date: 7-May-98 greenhouse gas emissions and creating a revenue stream Project Loan Amount (US$ min): 15 to cover capital and operational costs of the improved landfill. Other objectives include: (a) simplifying the IRRIGATION REHABILITATION separation of recyclable material: (b) reducing environ- PROJECT 46042 mental impact for neighbors of the disposal site; (c) The objective of the Irrigation Rehabilitation Project is demonstrating how outdated and obsolete disposal sites to increase the productivity of irrigated agriculture in the can be remediated and converted into sanitary landfills project area through improved water supply. Progress to enable continued operation; and (d) arresting the will be measured by: (i) the increase in output from ongoing contamination of groundwater. The projecl will areas receiving inter-farm irrigation rehabilitation (a 10 develop the indigenous Latvian LFG into an energy percent yield increase is expected 4 years after comple- resource, thereby mitigating an otherwise constant emis- tion of rehabilitation); and (ii) the increase in volumes of sion of methane into the atmosphere, and at the same water diverted and delivered to the boundary of former time, decreasing the dependence on imported fossil fuel state and collective farms upon completion of rehabilita- for electricity, heating purposes, or both. tion (on average, 25 percent for all project farms). Task Manager Name: Hlalldin Task Manager Name: Stoutjesdijk Board Approval Date: 26-Feb-98 Board Approval Date: 7-May-98 Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 7.9 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 35 RURAL DEVELOPMENT 44804 LATVIA The objective of the Rural Development Project is to LIEPAJA ENVIRONMENT PROJECT S533 increase income levels and improve living standards of The Liepaja Environment Project, wvhich is the first envi- the rural population by promoting diversification and ronment sector project in Latvia, has the following growth of economic activities. The project would objectives: (a) to restore and enhance the water quality achieve the stated objective by: (a) strengthening policy in Liepaja and adjacent recreational beaches on the formulation capacity for rural development strategies at Baltic Sea; (b) to establish an autonomous, efficient national, regional, and local levels of government; (b) water and wastewvater utility in Liepaja; (c) to support introducing participatory approaches to rural develop- the implementation of selected elements of an environ- ment to increase stake-holders' ownership and commit- mental management plan for the adjacent sections of the ment; (c) providing credit and technical assistance to Latvian coast and wetlands; and (d) to support the generate employment and income-earning opportunities development of a plan for environmentally sound in rural areas; (d) strengthening rural banking practices tourism activities. and rural business development service network consis- Task Manager Name: Kiskis tent with principles applied in the EU; and (e) expand- Board Approval Date: 6-Dec-94 ing support for the development of the emerging land Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 4 market and legal registration system of private land and real estate. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Task Manager Name: Kim PROJECT 40553 Board Approval Date: 30-Jul-98 The Solid Waste MNianagement Project's objective is to Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 10.5 introduce modern, self-sustaining management of municipal solid waste to Latvia. This will be accom- 26 LITHUANIA KLAIPEDA GEOTHERMAL DEMONSTRATION PRIVATE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 36011 PROJECT SS38 The Klaipeda Geothermal Demonstration Project has The main objective of the Private Agriculture the following objectives: (1) to demonstrate the feasibil- Development Project is to transform the agricultural ity and value of using low temperature geothermal water sector into a market-based system; to improve the gov- as a renewable indigenous energy resource in district ernment policy- and strategy-making capacity; and to heating systems; (2) to reduce the emission of green- develop the sector policy framework through appropri- house gases (GHG) and S02 by replacing gas and heavy ate pricing, and legal, fiscal, and institutional reforms. oil; and (3) to promote sustainable management and the Task Manager Name: Chaves development of environmentally sound and non-pollut- Board Approval Date: 2-Apr-96 ing geothermal resources both nationally and regionally. Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 30 The project will be developed as an environmentaVener- gy management project in the city of Klaipeda. KLAIPEDA ENVIRONMENT Task Manager Name: Halldin PROJECT 8553 Board Approval Date: 9-May-96 The Klaipeda Environment Project, the first environ- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln):5.9 ment-related project in Lithuania, has the following objectives: (a) to restore and enhance the water quality MACEDONIA, FYR in Klaipeda and adjacent recreational beaches on the PRIVATE FARMER SUPPORT PROJECT 10001 Baltic Sea; (b) to strengthen the Klaipeda water and The Private Farmer Support Project, by enhancing the wastewater utility; (c) to support the implementation of provision of technology and information related services selected elements of an environmental management to private farmers, improves their income and increases plan for the adjacent lagoon and coastal areas; and (d) the productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural to support the development of a plan for environmen- sector. The project xvil change the mechanisms for pro- tally sound tourism. vision of technical services to private farmers, and initi- Task Manager Name: Kiskis ate the restructuring of public institutions that provide Board Approval Date: 8-Dec-94 technical services. Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 7 Task Manager Name: Nacev Board Approval Date: 16-May-96 SIAULIAI ENVIRONMENT PROJECT 35783 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln):5.4 The Siauliai Environment Project's objective is to reduce pollution from the Upper Lielupe River Basin into the IRRIGATION REHABILITATION Gulf of Riga portion of the Baltic Sea. The project PROJECT 38399 addresses both point and non-point pollution sources in The Irrigation Rehabilitation Project's objectives are: (a) the Upper Lielupe River Basin and encourages environ- to increase production of irrigated agriculture within mentally sustainable management and development economic limits; (b) to contribute to poverty alleviation while also promoting regional environmental coopera- by giving preference to irrigable smaliolder land; and tion. (c) to privatize irrigation management and promote effi- Task Manager Name: Kiskis cient operation and maintenance of irrigation systems. Board Approval Date: 5-Dec-95 The goal here is to keep the irrigation water charges Project Loan Amount (US$ rnln): 6.2 within reasonable limits; to maintain irrigation systems to ensure better and equitable distribution of water; to eliminate or minimize the need for rehabilitation, and to 27 promote sustainable use of irrigation systems. collateral. By creating Savings and Credit Associations Task Manager Name: Konishi (SCAs), this project reduces transaction costs and cre- Board Approval Date: 4-Nov-97 ates a substitute for traditional collateral. A Pilot Project Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 12.5 to test this concept started in March 1997 using grants from Soros Foundation and the Dutch Government of MOLDOVA US $190,000. This money was used to establish 10 pilot FIRST AGRICULTURE PROJECT 85S6 Savings and Credit Associations in Moldova and to The Bank has proposed support through a series of make about 500 short-term seasonal loans (6-9 months) three investments in a national agricultural development at real positive interest rates (24%). Progress to date program. The investment program provides a compre- under the pilot project shows that the social cohesion hensive approach to the sector's transformation but is within the SCA is necessary to form effective SCAs and not fixed in its sequencing. The program is designed to ensure full loan repayment. The members are current on provide fast and flexible responses to emerging priorities all loan installments, and the accounting procedures are *well established. as the impacts of the economic reform become appar- ent, and it provides support for systematic reforms and Task Manager Name: (3Grons investments. This first loan is designed to engage the Board Aoal Ate: U-Jan-98 Government and other participants in the sector in lay- Project Loan Amount 1US$ mln): 5 ing out a comprehensive approach to sector restructur- ing. It will assist the Government in institution-building POLAND in MAF, and in sectoral strategic planning. It xvill also lay FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT 8610 the base for comprehensive reforms through technical The objective of the Forestry Development Project is to assistance in key areas. Support will also be provided for help the government execute its Program of the pubhc sector infrastructure investments in key (public Development of Selected Forestrv Branches and domain) technology development for: (i) export crops of Protection of Ecosystems in National Parks for 1993- wine and horticulture; and (ii) integrated crop manage- 1997, which was designed to protect Poland's forest eco- ment techniques. Preparation of investments for the fol- logical capital. to provide for social benefits, and to low-on two loans in the sector will also be supported. accommodate sustainable forestrv. None of these first loan investments is dependent on the Task Manager Name: Wencelius short term success of the structural adjustment policy Board Approval Date: 29-Jul-93 reforms. Investments in the private sector to support Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 104 agro-process investments will be made through the pro- posed Private Sector Development project. This first WHOLESALE MARKETS PROJECT I 8616 project will focus on agro-technology transfer and inst- The Wholesale Markets Project I objective IS to con- tutional strengthening. struct an urban wholesale market for the tri-citv agglom- Toask MAnprvag Name: Groaybs6 eration of Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot, complete xvith Board Approval Date: 7-May-96 associated physical infrastructure. This market, one of a series of wvholesale markets established with direct and indirect governmental support, will make a kev contri- RURAL FINANCE PROJECT 3578t bufion to the development and modernixation of The objective of the Rural Finance Project is to intro- Pon marke infrastrctu for arclrnalpoducts duce a mechanism to overcome the two most important line mvrh developm e ewre pricta i impedients o finncingthe rral sctor:high rnsc In line wvith developments elsewhere ( particularly in impediments to financing the mural sector: high transac- Europe), the market will be a private, commercial ven- tion costs due to small loan size, and lack of traditional ture that will also contribute to private sector develop- 28 ment. Close collaboration with local authorities will fos- GENERAL CADASTRE 34213 ter decentralization of public decision making, while the The objective of the General Cadastre Project is to assist market's fee and tax payments will augment local finan- Romania in establishing a general cadastre in the urban cial autonomy. The market will also fulfill a key require- and rural areas, and a nationwide uniform land registra- ment for EU accession in that it will provide a mecha- tion system. The priority is to provide the basis to record nism of market price discovery for major agricultural and protect land ownership rights and to activate the products. land market in the country, which would: (a) speed the Task Manager Name: Lacroix privatization of state enterprises; (b) promote private Board Approval Date: 29-Aug-98 investment in agriculture, housing, and industry; (c) Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 15.9 facilitate the establishment of efficient production units in agriculture; and (d) lay the basis for a fiscal cadastre GEF ODS PHASEOUT 35081 to help establish an equitable land tax system in both The objective of the GEF ODS Phaseout Project is to urban and rural areas. Implementation of the program in assist Poland in carrying out its country program for the entire country would require fifteen or more years. ozone depleting Substances (ODS), a phaseout program This project supports a six-year portion of the program required by the Montreal Protocol and its amendments. and involves a Bank contribution of about $40 million. Specifically the project will assist Poland to: a) support It is the Bank's first major institutional development pro- the phaseout of the consumption of chlorofluorocarbons ject in the sector. (CFCs) through adoption of proven cost-effective CFC- Task Manager Name: Kadiresan free technologies; b) support the establishment of a Board Approval Date: 9-Dec-97 national network for recovery, reclamation, and recy- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 25.5 cling of refrigerants; and c) improve the capacity of the new Ministry of Economy to manage and oversee the GEF DANUBE DELTA 8689 phaseout of ODS in Poland though institutional The GEF Danube Delta Project's objective is to protect strengthening. and enhance the Romanian Delta ecosystems. By pro- Task Manager Name: Kiss moting the conservation of biodiversity within the Delta, Board Approval Date: 13-Jun-97 and strengthening the capacity of the Danube Delta Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 6.21 Biosphere Reserve Administration (DDBRA) and the Danube Delta Institute (DDI), this project has enabled ROMANIA DDBRA and DDI to monitor and manage protected ASAL 8798 areas effectively, working with local community groups The Asal Project's objectives are: (1) to promote policy to ensure sustainable resource use, and to restore some adjustments in support of the transition to a market xvetlands to their natural condition. economy and a more sustainable and efficient use of Task Manager Name: Rachira resources; (2) to privatize a major share of the produc- Poard Approval Date: 26-Aug-94 tive resources in agriculture, and (3) to free up markets Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 3.1 and enable the private sector to invest, produce, and trade in line with Romania's comparative advantage. RUSSIA Task Manager Name: Gordon AGRICULTURAL REFORM Board Approval Date: 3-Jun-97 IMPLEMENTATION 881i Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 350 Task Manager Name: Brooks Board Approval Date:16-Jun-94 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 210 29 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 8821 Task Manager Name: Cook The Environment Management Project's objective is to Board Approval Date: 16-Jun-94 establish an Environmental Framework Program (EFP): Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 80 (a) to incorporate environmental and natural resource management concerns directly into the economic, social, GEF ODS PHASEOUT PROJECT SS00 and political adjustment process at the federal and Task Manager Name: Tsirkuno regional levels of government, including the executive Board Approval Date: 29-Sept-96 and legislative branches; (b) to strengthen and stream- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 55.34 line institutional and organizational structures for envi- ronmental and natural resource management; (c) to GEF BIODIVERSITY PROJECT 8801 improve environmental and natural resource policy and Task Manager Name: Kushlin strategy formulation and implementation; (d) to Board Approval Date: 29-Sept-96 upgrade environmental and natural resource manage- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 18.54 ment systems; (e) to strengthen financial delivery mech- anisms to address priority environmental management GEF BIODIVERSITY PROJECT 8842 investment needs through the setting up and initial cap- Task Manag>er Name: Bond italization of a National Pollution Abatement Facility Board Approval Date: 16-Sept-93 (NPAF); and (f) to facilitate the flow of donor and mul- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 1.7 tilateral funds and resources to the environmental pro- tection sector. The Environmental Management Project SLOVENIA (EMP) provides critical support to the EFP. Task Manager Name: Tsirkuno ENVIRONMENT PROJECT 8853 Board Approval Date: 8-Nov-94 The Environment Project's objective is to reduce ambi- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 110 ent concentrations of PM10 and sulfur dioxide along with the health damage associated with exposure to air LAND REFORM IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT pollution. The project supports end-users in switching to PROJECT (LARIS) 34579 natural gas from brown coal, wood, and high-sulfur The Land Reform Implementation Support Project heaTy fuel oil. The project also strengthens the govern- (Laris) supports a comprehensive land registration in ment's environmental administrative infrastructure. Russia. The main objective of the project is to accelerate Task Manager Name: Schreiber the implementation of ongoing and future land reforms Board Approval Date: 30-May-96 by introducing a uniform land registration system con- Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 20.7 sistent wTith the development of markets in land and real estate, and in recognition of the right to private land ODS PHASEOUT 40960 ownership. It also supports the development of an auto- The objective of the ODS Phaseout Project is to assist mated land registration system, a supplemental land reg- Slovenia in the phaseout of ODS consumption in a cost istration program, development of appropriate land effective manner as mandated by the Montreal Protocol cadastre mapping, and provision of training and techni- and its amendments and adjustments. Specifically, this cal assistance for land valuation. An automated land reg- project will help Slovenia: (1) to support the phaseout of istration system will be implemented in ten oblasts -with the consumption of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) superior implementation capabilities. Land cadastre through adoption of new cost-effective CFC-free tech- mapping will cover these selected ten oblasts. nologies; and (2) to improve the capability of the Supplemental land registration support will be provided Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MEPP) to a maximum of 500 selected rayons. to manage and oversee the phaseout of ODS in Slovenia 30 through institutional strengthening. Turkey for preparing and implementing a national strat- Task Manager Name: Kiss egy for in-situ conservation which could include lan- Board Approval Date: 09-Nov-95 draces in a second phase project, for which support from Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 4.2 the GET will be sought.) The aim is to test and develop a new approach to conservation of genetic diversity, TURKEY which has not been tried on a large scale anywhere in the AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION II 8974 world. The Agricultural Extension II Project is the second Task Manager Name: Durutan phase in a program to strengthen provincial extension BoardApprovalDate: 11-Mar-93 services. The project's objectives are to improve the Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 77 implementation and management of provincial exten- AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT 9044 sion systems through diagnosing farmers' problems, The objective of the Agricultural Research Project is to decentralizing and mobilizing project staff, and provid- ortive overnment's eseao Precthen to ing training and strong technical support to field staff. support the government's efforts to srngthe the To improve extension staffs contact with farmers, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' and the Ministry of project provides housing, vehicles, and equipment. It Forestry's agricultural and forestry' research services to also provides additional specialist staff and training to provide appropriate technologies for solving farmers' widen the range of technical support. The project sup- problems and raising their incomes, with a concentration ports research institutes and develops strong links of effort on the less developed regions of eastern and between extension, research, and farmers. Theroject southeastern Turkey. The project has strengthened: (a) betweentixtedn2spilon, presearams:t farierst pt project the research capabilities of institutions developing tech- has initiated 2 pilot programs: the first pilot program nologv suitable for eastern and southeastern Turkey; (b) trains women engaged in agriculture; the second pro- naialrsrcpogmsnthaesofrsono- vides mobile veterinary units to supply improved live- stock health services in the villages. Finally, the project trolJsoil conservation, soil fertility, pesticide manage- provides technical assistance to implement the project, ment, residue control, and farming systems research; (c) and funds to prepare a follow-up project. research planning, budgeting and monitoring systems; Task Manager Name: Durutan and (d) capacity for testing food products for conformi- Board Approval Date: 13-Mar-90 ty to pesticide and hormone residue regulations; and to Project Loan Amount (US$ min): 51 establish an Agricultural Economic Research Institute. The project includes civil works (laboratories, offices, EASTERN ANATOLIA WATERSHED 9023 workshops, staff housing), laboratory and field equip- The objective of the Eastern Anatolia Watershed Project ment, vehicles, staff training, incremental vehicle and 'Me tobdectiveofy the establis Anaoitu cnerv n Pareas in equipment operating costs and technical assistance. is to identify and establish in-situ conservation ara n Task Manager Name: Durutan Turkev to protect the genetic resources and wild rela- Board Approval Date: 21-May-92 tives of important crops and forest tree species originat- ing there. It provides for sustainable in-situ conservation Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 49 of genetic resources in cereals, horticultural crops, med- icinal plants, forest trees, and pasture grasses and PRIVATIZATION Or IRRIGATION 9072 legumes through an integrated ecosystem approach. It The objective of the Privatization of Irrigation Project is also contributes to the broader objective of conserving a) to strengthen irrigation-related institutions by sustainable farming and forest systems, which is a key enabling the state hydraulic works and the general direc- element of the Watershed Rehabilitation Project. (The torate of rural services to provide guidance and techni- project has developed the institutional capacitv in cal support to xater users' associations (WJO); and by helping WUOs to fulfill their responsibility for irrigation 31 management and investment; b) to relieve the public in land and other productive assets, and providing short sector of funding and subsidizing the cost of irrigation term balance-of-payments support for financing critical operation and maintenance; c) to initiate a process of imports. The reform program will improve agricultural reducing public sector's responsibility for funding and terms of trade, increase input floxvs to farms, expand managing irrigation investment; and d) to promote effi- agricultural exports, and increase the efficiencv of farm cient and sustainable use of irrigation systems. management. The Agriculture SECAL encompasses pol- Task Manager Name: Mohamadi icy reforms and balance of-payments financing. The pol- Board Approval Date: 14-Oct-97 icy conditionally will focus on the agricultural sector and Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 20 address the following: (a) reduction in the export restric- tions; (b) development of a well functioning land mar- ket; and (c) privatization and demonopolization of exist- GEF IN SITU GENETIC ing agribusiness firms and the encouragement of new CONSERVATION 8869 entrants. The negative short-term adjustments associat- The project's objectives are to identify and establish in- ed with these policy changes will be cushioned by ha]- situ conservation areas in Turkey for the protection of ance-of-payments financing. The funds provided under genetic resources and wild relatives of important crops this component of the Agriculture SECAL will be used and forest tree species that originated in Turkey. It has to finance general imports. The funds will be channeled promoted sustainable in-situ conservation of genetic through the National Bank of Ukraine, and allocated resources in cereals, horticultural crops, medicinal through the established market system for auctioning plants, forest trees, and pasture grasses and legumes foreign exchange. While balance-of-payments support is through an integrated ecosystem approach. It also con- not expected to be targeted at financing imports for the tributes to the broader objective of conserving sustain- agricultural sector, it is expected to improve the avail- able farming and forest systems that is a key element of ability of agricultural inputs. the related Watershed Rehabilitation Project. This pro- Task Manager Name: Lundell ject also has developed the institutional capacitv in Board Approval Date: 17-Oct-96 Turkey for preparing and implementing a national strat- Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 300 egy for in-situ conservation which could include lan- draces in a second phase project, for which support AGRICULTURAL SEED DEVELOPMENT 91 17 from the GET will be sought. The objective of this first agricultural project supported by the Bank in Ukraine is to assist in the development of COMMODITIES MARKET a competitive seed system. The objective will be realized DEVELOPMENT 48851 through: support for the production of hybrid maize, Task Manager Name: Koderitzsch sugarbeet, and sunflower- seed; improvements in the reg- Board Approval Date: 17-Jul-98 ulatory framework of the seed system; and a prograrm for Project Loan Amount 1US$ min): 4 germplasm maintenance and plant breeding. Task Manager Name: Kalibera UKRAINE Board Approval Date: 23-May-95 AGRICULTURE SECAL 9113 Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 32 The objective of the Agriculture Sectoral Adjustment P ExpoRT GUAEANTEE FAcILtTY 4i434 Loan (SECAL) Project is to support the growth of a PREXPORT GUArANTEE FACILITY Pj PG w market-based agricultural system by: instituting agricul- The Pre-Export Guarantee Facility Project (PGF) vill tural and trade reforms aimed at increasing market com- complement and support the government of Ukraine's petition; encouraging private ownership and investment structural reform program by providing credible guaran- tees against risks associated with government perfor- 32 mance and war and civil disturbance force majeure. This UZBEKISTAN project's objectives are: (1) to enable the private sector COTTON SUBSECTOR IMPROVEMENT to act as a screening mechanism for identifying and PROJECT 9122 channeling private resources to commercially viable The Cotton Subsector Improvement Project supports: enterprises and transactions; (2) to support self-hquidat- the elimination of state orders, the liberalization of ing, short-term pre-export transactions and self-hquidat- prices, and the privatization of the seed industry in the ing fixed capital investments that avoid long-term debt; cotton sub-sector; the development/introduction of (3) to help Ukrainian agricultural enterprises build links technology to help avert negative impacts on the envi- with foreign partners for supply source diversification ronment and productivity of past irrigation and pest and greater market access; to restore employment and control practices; and the enhancement of the cotton commercially viable production for export in the short sub-sector's foreign exchange earning capacity. The pro- term; (4) to foster the introduction of increasingly ject supports five components: 1) the seed industry com- sophisticated trade finance mechanisms into the ponent supports the creation of private seed companies Ukrainian market; and (5) to promote a transparent to process and market about 25,000 tons of planting business climate in which the rule of law prevails. The seed produced by private seed companies in association PGF will operate as follows: The government will estab- with privatized seed farms; 2) the cotton marketing lish a Guarantee Administration Unit (GAU) to sell component supports the introduction of cotton grading guarantee contracts against a discrete list of government technology to determine the characteristics of Uzbek performance and politicalforce mc jeure risks; each guar- cotton in conformity with internationally recognized antee contract will be backstopped by an Irrevocable standards; 3) the integrated pest managcmcnt compo- Undertaking to Pay (IUP) issued by a creditworthy nent provides for equipment and technical assistance for international Agent Bank; each guarantee contract and the development of insect rearing and dispersal tech- IUP will be supported by the World Bank. nologies that will allow the country to economically Task Manager Name: Lundell broaden biological control of cotton pests; 4) the irriga- Board Approval Date: 18-Mar-97 tion component provides for equipment and training to Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 120 introduce irrigation scheduling technology and demon- strate effective ways to reduce water use in cotton pro- GEF DANUBE DELTA 39166 duction, wvhile improving land productivity and avoiding Task Manager Name: Brylski water-based damage to the environment; and 5) the pro- Board Approval Date: 21-Jan-94 ject management and program design component -will Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 1.48 help to implement the project. Task Manager Name: Gafsi GEF ODS 44728 Board Approval Date: 25-May-95 Task Manager Name: Shephardson Project Loan Amount (USS mln): 66 Board Approval Date: 23-Jun-98 Project Loan Amount (US$ mln): 22 TASHKENT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE REHABILITATION PROGRAM 49582 The Tashkent Municipal Solid Waste Rehabilitation Program Project's central objective is to rehabilitate the solid waste management system for the City of Tashkent, specifically: (a) to ensure that adequate col- lection infrastructure in the form of collection bins and vehicles exist to provide basic municipal solid waste 33 management services to the residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sectors; (b) to improve the access and sanitation at public and residential collection points; (c) to upgrade infrastructure at the city's long- term landfill including landfill practices and operations to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact; (d) to provide for the closure of existing landfills within the city; (e) to develop four transfer stations to optimize use of the long-term landfill facility; (f) to provide inter- im capability for the safe handling of biomedical waste; (g) to ultimately place the system on a stable financial footing in terms of ftll cost recovery and ability to finance on-going operations and equipment replace- ment; (h) to upgrade institutional capacity to manage the system as an independent, self-financing utility suit- able for privatization in the medium term; and (i) to develop a strategic plan for the system's future develop- ment, including identification of major capital facility requirements and business structure options for the sys- tem's financing and operation. Task MNanager Name: Batstone Board Approval Date: 21-May-98 Project Loan Amount (USS min): 24 34 Ss Staff Profiles Gulnaz Abdukadir and strategy and project formulation. He has special Background: Ms. Ahdukadir joined the World Bank in expertise in dealing with rural sector issues in transition Backroun: M. Abukadr jinedthe orl Ban in economies. 1992 as an Economist in the China, Mongolia Languages: German (native), English, French, Agriculture division and later in the Agriculture, Lagues: Spanish Industry, and Finance Division. Prior to joining the Portuguese, Spanish World Bank, she was a farm manager, an instructor at a Can Adamoglu university in China, and later a graduate student at the University of California and Florida. She has 20 years of Background: Mr. Adamoglu joined the World Bank in experience in China and Central Asian countries. 1997 as a Consultant with primary areas of responsibili- Education: Ph.D, Economics, University of Florida; ty in technical analysis, sector work, monitoring and M.S. in Agricultural Economics, University of knowledge management. Prior to joining the Bank, he California. worked as an Import Analyst with Fritz Companies, San Strengths/Interests: Operational wvork in transition Francisco. His previous work experience included finan- economies, farm restructuring, land reform, economic, cial analysis, creating databases, and research. His back- financial and risk analysis, agricultural policy analysis, ground is in engineering and business management with management of on-farm and off-farm activities. a concentration in finance. Languages: English, Chinese, Uzbek, Uygur, Kazak, Education: Masters, Business Administration, Golden Kyrgiz, Azerbaijan, some Turkish and Russian Gate University, San Francisco, CA. Strengths/Interests: Sector and strategy wvork related Gottfried Ablasser to social development, budgeting, project managernent Background: Mr. Ablasser is Principal Agricultural and monitoring. He also has experience in transporta- Economist in the Environmentally and Sociallv non, forestry and sanitation. Sustaining Development Unit of the Europe and Languages: Turkush(native), English, German Central Asia Region. He monitors and undertakes port- Nabil-Antoine Aoun folio wvork on the unit's approximately 80 projects under implementation, and manages teams developing com- Background: Mr. Nabil Aoun joined the World Bank in plex new projects. Previous assignments since 1969 May 1998 as an Agribusiness Specialist in the Rural include sector, policy and project works and various Development/Environ.ment Sector Unit, Eastern managerial tasks in other units in the ECA Region and Europe and Central Asia region. Prior to joining the in all other regions in the Bank, excluding Western bank, he was a Customer Portfolio Analyst in the Agrevo Africa; He worked five years as Principal Evaluation Business Intelligence, Germany. His previous work Officer in the Bank's Operations Evaluation experience included regional sales manager, PROEDICA Department and tvo years as Project Controller with the Group Roussel and regional engineer in the same estab- International Fund for Agricultural Development in lishment. Mr. Aoun's background is in agricultural engi- Rome, Italy. Prior to joining the Bank, he was an econo- neering and crop protection. mist with the Canada Department of Agriculture in Education: Bachelors degree, Agricultural Engineering, Ottawa and research assistant at the University of School of Engineering, 1986. Illinois. Strengths/Interests: Agricultural engineering, crop pro- Education: MSc. degree from the Agricultural tection, portfolio analysis and client services. University, Vienna; MSc. and Ph.D degrees from the Languages: French (native), Arabic, English, German University of Illinois. Strengths/Interests: Portolio monitoring and evalua- tion, including implementation, completion reporting, 36 Dinesh Aryal turer, chemical engineering at the University of Background: Mr. Aral joined the ECA/MNA Social Queensland in Australia; Chemical Engineer at the Pleystowe Sugar Mill in Australia. He is currently Consultant. His primary responsibilities include statisti- involved in a work program for Russia's Environmental Conulant Hs pimry esonsbiitis ncldestaisi- Management Project, ODS Consumption Phase Out cal analysis, data analysis, preparing tables, charts and M Project, ODstCn'suPio Pase Out graphics, drafting reports, and providing research assis- Project, and Uzbekistan's Pilot Water Supply tance. Prior to joining the Bank, he was the head of the Engteering Project. National Initiatives Program of an international non- Country Experience: China, Indonesia, Russia, govenmetalorgniztio, th FoestSteardhip Uzbekistan, UK, Ireland, Egypt, USA, Australia. Couerncintal (FS andiwas, thase inFoaxacat Mtexica r Education: Ph.D (Chemical Engineering), Diploma in Council (FSC), and was based in Oaxaca, Mexico for Sua ehooy ahlro ple cec over two years. His previous ork experience includes (Industrial Chemistry), Universitv of Queensland providing research assistance to the faculty of the (ustrial Resource Economics Department at the University of AustralIa Rhode Island; a team of economists and sociologists at Strengths/Interests: Environmental management/ envi- Winrock International for natural resources manage- ronmental engineering, project management. ment projects; and the Congressional Relations Department of the World Wildlife Fund in the United Emilia Battaglini States. Education: MS, Environmental and Natural Resources Background: Ms. Battaglini is Environment Operations Economics from the University of Rhode Island; BA, Specialist in the Environmentally and Socially International Studies from the School for International Sustainable Devlopment Sector Unit in Europe and Training in Vermont; and BS, Physics, Mathematics, Central Asia Region. Since 1995 she has managed a and Statistics from the Tribhuvan University in diversified portfolio of environmental projects, including Kathmandu, Nepal. several GEF-funded operations on ODS phaseout, bio- Strengths/Interests: Environmental and natural diversity protection, international waters, global warm- resources management, market-based forest manage- ing, forestry, energy, and national environmental action ment practices, community participation in resource plans in several central and southern European coun- management and policy development, and statistical and tries. Since 1997 she has been responsible for the envi- econometric analysis. ronmental program in the FYR of Macedonia. From Languages: Nepali (native), English, Hindi, Urdu, 1990 to 1995 she worked as energy economist in the Spanish Bank's Industry and Energy Department, focusing on sector policies and institutional issues in Latin America Roger Batstone and West-Africa. Prior to joining the Bank, she worked Background: Mr. Batstone joined the World Bank in as an economist in a distinguished research institute in 1984 as Principal and Senior Environmental Engineer. Italv (1988-1990) and as editor in a national financial His primary areas of responsibility were in newspaper (1986-1988) concentrating on commodity Environmental Management , water supply, saniration markets, energy, and natural resources. Her publications envlronmental ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ncud severalet article onply commodity makt an and solid and hazardous waste. Prior to joining the include several articles on commodity markets and Bank, he was an Independent Environmental international trade. Consulting Engineer. His previous work experience Education: Advanced degree in Economics and cur- included environmental engineering consultant at the rently pursuing a second degree in Environmental CENTEC; consultant and partner at Cremer and Policy. Warner Consulting Engineers in the UK; part time lec- Strengths/Interests: Interdisciplinary approach, linking environment and natural resources management to 37 energy and infrastructure, integrating global environ- Volker Branscheid mental considerations into national environmental pro- Experience: Mr Branscheid joined the World 13ank. grams, and bringing together solid project operational experience and analytical sector work. ECSSD in April 1998 as a Senior Irrigation Engineer. experiencend analical s tor work. Prior to joining the Bank, ie worked at FAO from 1973- Languages: English, Spanish, Italian (naive), French, 1998 as a Technical and Planning Officer, Project Manager (Pakistan, sprinkler irrigation) and as a Land Janis Bernstein and Water Development Engineer in the FAO-World Bank Cooperative Program (about 90 missions). He also Background: Ms. Bernstein is an Environmental worked on assignments in Africa and Asia for NWakuti Specialist xvith over 18 years of experience in environ- Consulting Engineers, Germany, as a Land and Water mental management, urban development, and social Engineer; at University of Kel, Department of Water assessment. In her current position (since 1995), she has Management and Land Improvement as Chief of managed social assessments and public participation Drainage Section; at University of California as a work for infrastructure and environmental projects in Research Water Scientist (sprinkler irrigation); as a Eastern Europe, Former Soviet Union countries, and Construction Inspector (dam, power line and harbor) the Middle East. She has been responsible for social \vith Bahr and Lappi Consulting Engineers in Alaska assessment and public participation work in Albania, and as a Flood Control Engineer with A. Hoffman Poland, Turkey, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Consulting in Germany. Uzbekistan, and Yemen. She also has guided the prepa- Education: Ph.D, Water Management and Land ration of national environmental action plans in Improvement, University of Mel; Masters, Irrigation Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Svria. In previous positions at Sciences, University of California: Bachelor of Science, the World Bank, she conducted policy xvork and opera- Water Management and Construction. tional support and authored numerous papers on urban Strengths/Interests: About 120 publications on water environmental management, national environmental management subjects. planning, and urban land management. In addition to Languages: German (native), English, Italian, French, her 14 years at the World Bank, she worked as an envi- Spanish. ronmental consultant in the areas of waste management and natural resources management. Karen McConnell Brooks Education: Masters of Urban and Regional Planning, Background: Ms. Brooks joined the World Bank in George Washington University; B.A. in Sociology and 1990 as an Economist in the Agriculture and Natural Anthropology, Wlilliam Smith College. Resources Division. Currently, she is the Lead Strengths/Interests: Social assessment and public par- Specialist Europe and Central Asia Region. Print to ticipation work for infrastructure and environmental joininth Worl Bank senwas AssiategProfessor to joinig the World Bank, she wTas Associate Professor of management projects with a special focus on water sup- Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota. Ms. ply and sanitation, solid waste management, cultural Brooks has 25 years of experience in Eastern and heritage, coastal management, and forestry. She is also Central Europe and the countries of the former Soviet experienced in urban environmental management, Union. urban land management, national environmental plan- Education: Ph.D, Economics, University of Chicago ning, and industrial pollution control (policv instru- S A p l ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Strengths/Interests: Agricultural policy, land rel-orm, ments). LI . mentuages) English price and marketing policy, transition economies Languages: English Languages: Russian, French, English 38 Phillip Brylski Research Analyst, and in April 1998 she became Water Background: Mr. Brylski joined the World Bank Resource Economist with ECSSD in the Europe and 1994 as a Biodiversity Forestry Consultant. His primary Central Asia Region. Prior to joining the Bank she was areas of responsihility are in biodiversiry, forestry, envi- the Project Specialist at the Organization of American States. She is currently completing her Doctorate in ronmental impact analysis of large-scale projects, and Eooisa ereWsigo nvriy research. Prior to joining the Bank, he was an environ- Economics at George Washington University. mental consultant at the University of California and Edctin Bahlr ereCvlEgneig Research Scientist at the University of California at University of Catolica Del Peru; Masters degree in Bearkee Srienes and Dthoe University in Na.fova at Engineering Administration, George Washington Berkelev, Irvine, andl Dalhousie University in Nova Unvrst. Scotia. His previous work experience included biodiver- University. sity and environment impact analysis of large-scale pro- L jects. Mr. Brylski's background is in biodiversity, Rodrigo A. Chaves forestry. He is currently involved in a work program for Biodiversitv Conservation and Environmental Background: Mr. Chaves joined the World Bank in Management in the Ukraine Azov-Black Sea Corridor- 1994 as a Consultant on rural financial markets for the Preparation (GEF); Ukraine GEF biodiversity protec- Policy Division of the Agriculture and Natural Resource tion projects (Carpathian Mountains, Danube Delta); Department, and the Natural Resource Management and for the Ukraine, Georgia, Lithuania: Biodiversity and Rural Poverty Division in the Latin America and Strategy/Action Plan activities (GEF Enabling Caribbean (LAC) Region. He is currently a Senior Activities). Financial Economist in the Environmentally and Socially Education: B.S., Forestry, University of California; Sustainable Development Unit of the Europe and MS., Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale; Ph.D., Central Asia Region. Prior to joining the Bank, he was a Zoology, University of Callfornia Research Associate at Ohio State University and an Strengths/Interests: Conservation biology planning independent consultant for the United States Agency and research, resource management institutions for International Development, The Inter-American Languages: English (native) Development Bank, the World Bank, and the Inter- American Foundation. His previous positions include Julia Bucknall Director of Financial Intermediation at the Costa Rican Background: Ms. Bucknall joined the World Bank in National Federation of Credit Cooperatives, and Credit 1993. Prior to joining the Bank, she worked as a consul- Supervisor at the Costa Rican Development rant for Environmental Resources LTD. Corporation. He has rendered professional services in Education: Masters, City Planning, Environmental 16 countries in Central and South America, the Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Bachelor Caribbean, East and South Asia, and Central Europe. of Arts, Modern Languages, Kings College, Camhidge Education: Ph.D, Agricultural and Apphed Economics University. with a specialization in Financial Markets and Languages: English (native), French, German, Institutions, Ohio State University. Portuguese, Spanish. Strengths/Interests: Financial markets in rural areas, regulation and performance evaluation of depository Rita Cestti financial institutions, governance of financial intermedi- aries, micro-enterprise finance, retail banking, institu- Background: In 1988 Ms. Cestti joined the World Bank tional and legal framework for financial transactions, as a Summer Assistant in the Infrastructure/Urban and sector work on financial markets and rural develop- Development Department. From there she joined the mentd ECA/MNA Regions Technical Department as a Languages: Spanish (native) and English 39 Rufiz Chirag-Zade Africa and in Yugoslavia. Prior to joining the Bank, he Background: Mr. Zade joined the World Bank Resident was an economist in the Ministry of Finance of the Mission, Azerbaijan, in September 1998 as an Operatios Government of Zaire. Officer, Agricultural Specialist. His primarv responsibil- Education: Ph.D., A, Economics, Tufts University. BA, International Relations and Economics, University ities were to collect analysis, maintain periodic reports and statistics on the status of the agricultural sector; and of Pennsylvania. assist in the preparation and superv7ision of on-going and Strengths/Interests: Rural and environmental strategy. assinteprprtoansuevsoofn-igad portfolio improvement, knowledge management. proposed projects, etc. Prior to joining the Bank, he xvorked as a Deputy Director of the World Publications include several articles and books dealing Bank-financed Farm Privatization Project (FPP). From with African agriculture, African agricultural policy, the 1995-96 he worked as an Assistant to the Minister of environmental and agricultural interface in Africa, agriculture of Azerbaijan. forestry in Africa. Mr. Cleaver also co-authored WXorld agriculaturiof AErbaoijant Bank Strategy Documents for the Africa Region includ- Education: Economist ' Strengths/Interests: Macroeconomics, agricultural eco- ing "Continent in Transition" in 1996, and the Long nomics, project management Term Perspective Study for Africa completed in 1992. Languages: Azeri (native), English, Russian Languages: English (Native) French Kevin M. Cleaver Edward Cook Background: Mr. Cleaver is Sector Director, Rural Background: Mr. Cook is currently Senior Agricultural Development, Environment and Social Development. Economist, ECSSD, Europe and Central Asia Region. He currently manages approximatelv 150 World Bank He joined the World Bank in 1992 as an Agricultural staff based in Washington and in field offices. His work Economist in the Agriculture, Industry and Finance includes assisting in the full project cycle for rural devel- Division in the FSU department of the Europe and Central Asia Region. Prior to joining the World Bank, he opment, environment, and social development projects wokda nEooitwt h cnomcRsac in Europe and Central Asia. He also undertakes sector worked as an Economist with the Economic Research analvsis, advice to governments, environmental and Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He has over 20 years of experience in Eastern and Central social assessment of projects in all sectors, management of partnerships with other donor agencies and NGOs, Europe and the countries of the former Soviet lUnion, and kriov,ledce management. His previous assignment both prior to and during his tenure at the World Bank. vas Technical Director of the Africa Region of the Education: MA in Economics, University of Wisconsin World Technk,cand Dire r of the Africa Region's ofth Strengths/Interests: Agricultural policy, land reform, World Bank, and Manager of the Africa Region's ladrgsato,rniinecoms Knowledge Center. In this capacitv, he supervised direc- tors managing all of the Africa Region's technical groups, Languages: Russian, Polish, English and developed that Region's Knoxvledge Mianagement Csaba Csaki activities. From 1993 to 1996 he was the Director of the Africa Technical Department, covering all sectors in Background: Mr. Csaki joined the World Bank as a which the World Bank xvas engaged in Africa, and man- Consultant in Research Administration in 1991 and he aging the Region's multi-country regional programs. worked as consultant to the Socialist Economic Reform From 1987 to 1992, he managed various agricultural Unit of the Country Economics Department. From divisions in the Africa Region. From 1982 to 1987 he 1992 to 1997, he was an Agricultural Advisor in the ECA was the chief of the Nairobi-based agricultural section countrv and sector units pnor to joining the Bank, covering several East African countries. From 1976 to becoming a Lead Specialist in ECSSD in 1997. He 1982 he worked as an agricultural economist in North worked as a consultant to the FAO from 1980 to 1990 40 and as a Research Scholar and Task leader for the resettlement for the Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower International Institute for Applied Systems from 1976 to Project. He has also designed and supervised resettle- 1979. From 1971 to 1972, hewas a visiting scholar at the ment in infrastructure and energy projects, task man- University of Cahfornia Department. of Agricultural aged the Bank's largest resettlement operation (UKP II), Economics. mentored the MNA social team on resettlement, helped Education: Ph.D, Economics, Hungarian Academy of design social funds in Bosnia, Bulgaria and umbrella Sciences; Ph.D, Agricultural Economics, University of projects for NGOs in Pakistan, West Bank and Gaza, Economics; Masters in Agricultural Economics, conducted social assessments in Bosnia, Bulgaria, and University of Economics Romania, and is an active member of the resettlement, Languages: Hungarian (native), English, German, NGO and social capitaVinstitutions thematic teams. He Russian has contributed to the Social Development Task Force Report and represents ECA on the Social Development Adriana Damianova Board. Before joining the Bank, he was a community Background: Ms. Damianova joined the World Bank participation specialist on natural resources manage- Resident Mission, Bulgaria in 1993 as Operations ment, rural development and NGO projects for USAID, Officer. Her primary areas of responsibility are in ILO, FAO, World Bank, GTZ, NORAD, Novib, and Infrastructure, Urban and Environment, sector work, the Aga Khan Foundation. From 1991 to 1994, he and project portfolio management. Prior to joining the established and managed the Trust for NToluntary Bank, she was head of the department for international- Organizations, an umbrella organization for grant-mak- ly financed projects at the Ministry of Regional ing to the NGO sector in Pakistan. In 1994 and 1995, Development and Public Works. Her previous work he played a lead role in the formation of a national experience included design, planning and research at the NGO coalition. He has helped establish, manage and Institute of Urban Development and Planning in Sofia, serve on the Board of several large NGOs. His pre-Bank Bulgaria. Ms. Damianova's background is in civil engi- country experience is in China, Philippines, Vietnam, neering, architecture, and urban planninng. India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bosnia, Bulgaria and Romania. Education: Masters, Civil Engineering, Architecture, Languages: Urdu (native), Nepali, Pushto, English Urban Planning, Higher Institute of Civil Engineering Michel Debatisse and Architecture, Sofia, Bulgaria. She is currently pur- suing an MBA in Finance. Background: Mr. Debatisse joined the World Bank in Strengths/Interests: Urban Development/Urban 1994 and worked in the EMENA and ECA regions. His Environment, Economics of construction, Project pre-Bank experience includes export marketing, bio- Management. She also has experience in: regional devel- technology, agribusiness; visiting Fulbright professor at opment; environment (industrial pollution; water supply Univ. of Maryland; professor of Ag. Marketing and and sanitation; local government; transportation). Economics at Essec Business School; and Associate Languages: Bulgarian (native), English, Russian, Professor of Economics at Univ. of Clermont-FDI. He French has country experience in East Asia, Eastern and Southern Africa, Egypt, Europe, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Anis Dani Madagascar, Middle East, New Zealand, North Africa, Background: Mr. Dani joined the World Bank in 1995. North America, Pacific Area, Senegal, and Western He has worked in India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, Africa. Philippines, Vietnam, Bosnia, Bulgaria, and Romania. In Education: Doctorate, Masters, and Bachelors degrees 1991 and 1992, before joining the Bank, he pioneered in Economics; Executive Program in Strategic the concept of a regional development approach for Management (1979). Languages: French (native), English, German 41 Nora Dudwick Nilufar Egamberdi Background: Ms. Dudwick joined the World Bank as a Background: Ms. Egamberdi joined the World Bank in Social Scientist on the ECA/MNA Social Team. An 1997 as a summer intern for the MNSED Social anthropologist with fieldwork experience in Armenia, Development Unit. She \vorked on social assessments she has worked extensively in Armenia, as well as in (in Russian) conducted in Uzbekistan for the Aral Sea Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, Latvia, Macedonia, and Program. NWhile working as a project assistant and short Albania. Since coming to the Bank, she has focused pri- term consultant for agricultural projects in Azerbaijan marily on qualitative poverty studies, ESW, and capaci- and Uzbekistan, she participated in the preparation of ty building, through training local teams to carry out social assessments and case studies, edited and revised qualitative research on social issues. Before starting her the Russian version of the World Bank's publication, anthropology training, she was employed in Seattle and "Social Assessment for Better Development: Case in London as a school and hospital social worker. She Studies in Russia and Central Asia", and prepared a has authored many articles and chapters on nationahsm, Russian translation of an Approach Paper for revision of ethnic conflict, postsocialist transition, and gender in the World Bank OP 4.20 on Indigenous Peoples. Prior Armenia. to joining the Bank, she xvas a graduate student at Education: BA, English Literature and Language. Department of Anthropology at Indiana University. She University of Chicago; Masters of Social Work, has wvorked as a research assistant, language assistant University of Washington: M.Sc, Social Anthropology, and translator/ interpretor at Tashkent State University London School of Economics; Ph.D, Anthropology, (Uzbekistan), in the Department of Ethnography and University of Pennsylvania. Social Problems at Institute of History, Uzbek Academy Strengths/Interests: The social dimensions of poverty, of Sciences, in the Department of Central Asian Studies, transition issues in post-socialist societies, civil society and Human Resources Files at Indiana University. and social capital, ethnicity and ethnic conflict, gender, Currently, She is a long-term consultant at ECSSD pro- integrating quantitative and qualitative methodologies in viding social assessment support to the agriculture social assessment. development projects in Armenia and Uzbekistan. Languages: Russian, French and Danish, English. Education: Ph.D candidate in anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington; M.A, Anthropology, Institute Nedret Durutan of History, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan; Background: Ms. Durutan joined the World Bank B.A., History and Anthropology, Tashkent State Resident Mission, Turkey in 1991 as an Agriculturist University, Uzbekistan Project Officer. Her primary areas of responsibility are Strengths/Interests: Socio-cultural anthropology with a agriculture, rural development, environment (green) focus on political and economic anthropology, Central sector work, and project portfolio management. Before Asian and Middle Eastern studies, urban development joining the Bank, Ms. Durutan \vas a research agrono- and migration, social stratification and elites, national- mist in the Ministry of Agriculture. Her previous experi- ism, Soviet colonialism, Islam, family and wormen in ence included adaptive research, agricultural extension Central Asia and Middle East, Central Asian migrants in and training. the USA. Education: Ph.D, Plant Protection; MSc., Crop Science. Languages: Uzbek (native), Russian, English, Turkish Strengths/Interests: Rural development, agricultural Luigi Eantozzi extension and research, participation, communication, national resource rehabilitation, biodiversitv, gender Background: Mr. Fantozzi joined the World Bank in issues, social assessment January 1998 as an Economist in the Environmentally Languages: Turkish (native), English and Socially Sustainable Development unit in the 42 Europe and Central Asia Region. Prior to joining the Education: 1971-1973, Princeton University, Woodrow World Bank, he was consultant for several NGOs and Wilson School, Masters of Public Affairs (Applied for the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Economics); 1968-1971, U.S. Peace Corps, Malaysia; Europe. He has 3 years of experience in Africa and the Princeton University 1967-68, Ph.D. program, countries of the former Soviet Union, both prior to and Economics; UC Santa Cruz, 1965-67, B.A., Economics; during his tenure at the World Bank. UCLA: 1963-65, Economics. Education: B.Sc, Economics; B.Sc, Sociology; M.Sc., Strengths/Interests: Sense of perspective derived from Environmental Economics; M.Sc, Marketing. a classical education; basic understanding of numerous Strengths/Interests: Agricultural economics, environ- sectors of economic activity based on life and work mental economics, agricultural services, agro-processing experience. and marketing. Languages: Malay/Indonesian, French, Hebrew, Languages: Russian, French, Spanish, German, Italian, English English Henry Gordon Salem Gafsi Background: Mr. Gordon joined the World Bank as a Background: Mr. Gafsi joined the World Bank in 1975. long-term consultant in May 1996, assisting in the His current position is Senior Agricultural Economist. design and implementation of agricultural adjustment Prior to joining the Bank, he taught agricultural eco- operations in Romania and Bulgaria. In August 1998, he nomics at the National Institute of Agronomy in Tunisia. became Sector Economist in the Environmentally and Mr. Gafsi has had a broad experience in different parts Socially Sustainable Development Unit in the Europe of the Bank, including OED and Co-financing. and Central Asia Region wvhere he has responsibility as a Education: Ph.D, Agricultural Economics, University of Program Team Leader for the Romania Work Program Minnesota; MSc, Agricultural Economics, University of that includes an Agriculture Sector Adjustment Loan, a Tennessee; BSc, Agronomy, National Institute of Rural Development Project, and a Grain Marketing and Agronomy. Export Project. In Bulgaria, he assists in managing an Languages: Arabic (native), French, English upcoming ASAL, and he recently hegan work on a study of cereals market logistics and institutions in Joe Goldberg Kazakhstan. Before joining the Bank his wxork experi- Background: Mr. Goldberg is Sector Leader for Rural ence included eight years as an independent consultant Restructuring in the Environmentally and Socially working on issues of agricultural reform and food secu- Sustainable Development Unit, Europe and Central ritv in Eastern and Southern Africa, often in the context Asia Region. He joined the World Bank as a Young of Bank adjustment programs. During this period, he Professional in 1973. He worked 10 years in agriculture spent six years in Tanzania and Kenya, with one as a in East Asia, ending as a Deputy Division Chief. From technical advisor in the Kenyan Ministry of Agriculture. 1983 to 1987, he served in the worldwide Industry Education: Ph.D, Economics, Fletcher School of Law Department, initially as Deputy Chief of Telecoms, then and Diplomacy, Tufts University; Thesis topic: "Grain as Chief of Mining and Metals. In the 1987 reorganiza- Marketing Performance and Public Policy in Tanzania." tion, he moved back to agriculture as Chief of the China Strengths/Interests: Agricultural commodity market Agriculture Division for the next 10 years. Mongolia was and production analysis, niacroeconomic adjustment added to this responsibility when that country joined the and agricultural reform; and cost-benefit analysis. He Bank, and in 1995 the sectors of health, education, and has an increasing interest in rural finance and land mar- social protection were also added. In the 1997 reorgani- kets. zation, he moved to ECA. Languages: Swahili, French, Spanish, English 43 Florian Grohs University of Stockholm, Sweden. Background: Mr. Grohs joined the World Bank in 1993 Languages: Swedish (native), French, German, as a Young Professional. He is currently responsible for Spanish, English the Bank's rural development activities in Moldova and John A. Hayward Estonia in the ECSSD Department in the Europe and ' Central Asia Region. He manages the Estonia Background: Mr. Hayward is Sector Leader responsible Agriculture Project, the Moldova First Agriculture for Natural Resources in ECA. He joined the World Project, the Moldova Rural Finance Project, and the Bank in 1976 as an Agricultural Specialsst working on Ukraine Pilot Rural Finance Project. He works primari- rural development projects in Nigeria. He moved to ly on rural finance, mutual finance institutions, general Headquarters in 1980 and held several positions: Senior rural development, and land and water management Projects Officer in South Asia responsible for agricul- issues. Prior to joining ECSSD, he worked in the India ture, research and tree crops; Rainfed Crops Adviser Agriculture Department and as an Assistant to the with a worldwide rernit reponsible for rural develop- Director of the Planning and Budgeting Department. ment, agricultural institutions and extension; and, Prior to joining the Bank, he worked as a research and Technical Manager responsible for agriculture and water teaching assistant at the Department of Agricultural resources in the Middle East and North Africa. Before Economics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, joining the Bank, he first worked for the British Germany, and as a visiting research assistant at the Government as a research scientist in Africa and headed Department of Agricultural Economics, University of a research team to develop agricultural systems in West Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. Africa. He was also Head of Agriculture for Booker Education: Ph.D in Agricultural Economics, University Agriculture Internationlal. of Hohenheim; Masters (Diplom) in Agricultural Education: B.Sc., Zoology; M.Sc., Entomology; Ph.D., Economics, University of Hohenheim Agricultural Science from the Universities of Strengths/Interests: Rural finance, microfinance, cred- Nottingham and Reading, UK. it unions, economics of rural development, environmen- Languages: English (and enough French to be danger- tal issues related to soil erosion and \ater nianiageient. ous) Languages: German (native), English, French, Russian Irina Jacovienko Anders Halldin Background: Ms. Iacovlenko joined ECA's Vice Background: Mr. Halldin joined the World Bank as a President's office as a translator in 1993. In 1994 she Senior Environmental Specialist with responsibility in was transferred to Agriculture, Industry, and Finance the areas of Industrial Pollution, Waste Management Division. She has spent over 20 years at the Academy of and Waste Water Treatment. Prior to joining the WVorld Sciences, Medical, Polytechnic and Pedagogical Bank, he was head of the environment department for Institutes, and at the Chamber of Commerce, FMC VIAK AB in Stockholm, Sweden. His previous wvork Project as a translator and language professor respec- experience included head of section studying industrial tively. She is currently a translator with the ECSSD, pollution, senior environmental speciahst, and wvater Europe and Central Asia Region. inspector. His background is in environmental waste. Education: Certificate in International Business and He is currently in a work program for Lithuania: Marketing, Kiev International School of Business; Klaipeda Geothermal Demonstration Project, and Certificate in the Advanced Methods of Foreign Latvia: Municipal Solid Waste Management Project. Language Teaching; BA, Linguistics, Chisineu State Education: B.S. Genetics, University of Stockholm, University. Sweden; M.S., Chemistry specializing in Bio-Chemistry, Strengths/Interests: Translation of legal, project., eco- 44 nomic and sector work documents, language assistance jects aimed at the establishment of sustainable private during negotiations. farming in Azerbaijan and Tajikistan; and raised grant Languages: Russian, English, Romanian, French funds for project preparation. Prior to joining the ECA region, he was a coordinator for the Africa Enterprise Gabriel Jonita Fund, and economist for Latin America and Caribbean Background: Mr. Jonita joined the World Bank region in the International Finance Corporation. Other Resident Mission in Romania in 1997 as Project Officer, previous assignments in the Bank group included work- in charge of managing the ASAL Program. His primary ing as a project economist for Bank operations in rural areas of responsibility were in Agriculture and Rural development, extension and research, irrigation, rural Development (including Irrigation) and sector work. credit and agro-industry in about 30 countries in Africa, Some months ago he undertook preparation work for Asia, Eastern Europe, Middle East, and Latin America environment projects (biodiversity and forestry). Prior from 1976 to 1988. to joining the Bank, he was Deputy General Director of Education: Master of Science, Water Resources Binnie Black & Veatch Romania, a British/American/ Management and Agricultural Economics, Colorado Romanian consulting firm in water engineering. His pre- State University; Bachelor's degree, Mechanical vious work experience included consultancy in engineer- Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Durgapur, ing and institutional restructuring at the aforementioned India. firm; and design, planning, and project management at Strengths/Interests: Agricultural strategy and policy the Institute for Studies and Design for Land reform, participatory approaches for land privatization Reclamation Projects, in Bucharest, Romania. Hs back- and farm restructuring; rural information and advisory ground is in land reclamation engineering. He is also services, institution building, project finance, manage- experienced in leading project teams including special- ment and implementation. ists with various backgrounds. Languages: Telugu (native) English and Hindi Education: Diplomat Engineer in Land Reclamation Nora Kaoues Engineering, graduated at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bucharest, Romania, in 1977 (including Background: As the unit's Knowledge and Imaging Masters degree). Coordinator, Ms. Kaoues manages, supervises, and Strengths/Interests: Agriculture development, irriga- implements imaging in ECSSD unit. She is also respon- tion, land reclamation and flood protection, environ- sible for designing imaging workflow for the Unit. Ms. ment protection. Kaoues manages data capture, indexing, OCR and Languages: Romanian (native), English, French, workflow issues. Her team is responsible for providing Spanish. training and support to end users in the imaging system. She also edits Best Practices Reports and Findings. The Subramaniam Janakiram Imaging team is also responsible for cataloguing knowl- Background: Since 1992, Mr. Janakiram has been edge objects using KMS and ESSD cataloging tools working in the Europe and Cental Asia Region in the Education: Masters, International Economics and areas of land privatization, farm restructuring, and agri- Finance, France cultural sector reforms in Russia and Central Asia. He Strengths/Interests: Technology adaptability, informa- designed the farm information and advisory services tion and records management, database design and component of the Agricultural Reform Implementation management, best practices documentation. Support Project in Russia using the Multi-source, Multi- Languages: French (Native) English, Arabic, Spanish user, Multi-disciplinary, and Multi-media approach; he contributed to the development of strategies and pro- 45 Darejan Kapanadze Strengths/Interests: International procurement and Background: Ms. Kapanadze joined the World Bank operations management,(project administration and Resident Mission in Georgia on September 15, 1997 as implementation. Project Officer. Her responsibilities are in Agriculture Languages: Urdu, English, and French and Environment; later she took on the responsibilitv of Hoonae Kim NGO Liaison Officer as well. Prior to joining the Bank she was involved in USAID financed projects at the Background: Ms. Kim joined the WXTorld Bank in 1984 Business Development Center and Save the as a Young Professional and worked in both the IFC Children/Georgia. Ms. Kapanadze's work experience (Economic Development Department) and the Bank involves research ,vork and teaching at Tbilisi State (various operations assignments in the South Asia, East University. Her background is in biology (plant patholo- Asia, Middle East, Europe, and Central Asia regions). gy and disease control) and public administration (envi- She worked as a policy, country, sector and project econ- ronmental policy and regulation). Ms. Kapanadze also omist covering a broad range of areas, such as renewable has experience in: monitoring of project implementa- resources pricing policy, country economic memoran- tion, managing grant programs, working with non-gov- dum, public finance, rural development, rural banking, ernmental sector. agriculture and private sector development. Currently Education: Candidate of Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State NIs. Kim is a Senior Economist in the Environmentally University, Georgia; Master of Public Administration, and Socially Sustainable Development Unit (ECSSD) of Columbia University. the ECA Region. She is also Program Team Leader for Strengths/Interests: Environmental and agricultural Hungary and Latvia, and manages several projects in policy making, international relations and politics of the Latvia, Hungary, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyz environment, project design and management. Republic (upcoming). Prior to joining the Bank, Ms. Languages: Georgian (native), English, and Russian. Kim worked in a private firm that specialized in interna- tional marketing and trade financing; she also taught at Naushad Khan Cornell University. Education: University of California, Berkeley Background: Mr. Khan joined the World Bank in 1983. Ceia niern) cGl nvriy(cnmc In 1986, he joined the procurement team of the Industry (Cheorsical Engineering); McGill University (Economics Department and in Julv 1987, he moved to the Industry Economics and Development). and Energv Division of the Europe Department of Econgths/Ind Development). EMENA, wvhere he provided procurement advice, train- Strengths/Interests: Rural finance, rural development, ing and support to project staff and to borrower imple- small and medium scale enterprise development, private mentation staff for several countries. In 1992, he joined signs, de imlementationesucess. the the Central European Department as the depart- designs, and implementation success. mental procurement coordinator. Currentlv, he is the Languages: Korean (native), English, knowledge of procurement team coordinator for the Environmentally Chinese, Japanese, French, and some Russian. and Socially Sustainable development Unit in the ECA, Rita Klees xvhich he joined in July 1997. Before joining the Bank, Mr. Khan spent four years in the Education Sector and Background: Ms. Klees joined the World Bank in 1994 the Bureau of Budget of UNESCO in Paris. as an Environmental engineer in the Europe and Central Education: MBA, University of Phoenix; BBA, Asia Department. Currently, she is an Environmental Procurement, Thomas Edison State College; Contract Engineer in ECSSD. Prior to joining the Bank, she held Administration and Management Certificate, University environment positions in international development in of Virgina; Bachelor of Arts, English. both the private and public sector including: Director of 46 Technology with CH2MHill engineering for the Mr. Kodderitzsch worked for an agribusiness subsidiary Environmental Policy and Technology Project in the of DG Bank, Frankfurt, and for the FAO/World Bank Newly Independent States (a USAID-funded environ- Cooperative Program, Rome. mental project); Regional Environmental Advisor for Education. M.Sc., agriculture economics. He is current- USAID East Asia Regional Office, posted in Bangkok, ly working on his education in finance, through the Thailand; Environmental Engineer for USAID, Office Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) program. of Health, managing environmental health projects Strengths/Interests:. Agriculture policy, rural finance, worldwide. Ms. flees served for three vears as a Science, agriculture services (research, extension, input supply) Engineering and Diplomacy Fellow with the American Languages: German (native), English, French, Italian Association for the Advancement of Science. Ms. Klees' and Spanish (basic) previous career in social services included 15 years of community development work. Toru Konishi Education: Ph.D., Environmental Engineering, Background: Mr. Toru Konishi joined the World Bank University of Colorado; M.S., Environmental in 1993 as an Economist. Prior to joining the Bank, he Engineering, University of Colorado; M.A., Social served as a project economist in the association of Service Administration, University of Chicago; B.S., Engineering Consulting Firms and Associations in Mathematics, College of St. Catherine. ( Ms. flees' dis- Japan. Earlier, as a construction manager and private sertation won the first place award nationally from the contractor, he was responsible for managing several Water Pollution Confederation in 1989.) large civil works contracts. Currentlv he is primarily Strengths/Interests: Technical expertise in biological responsible for several irrigation projects, mostly in treatment systems for waste/water treatment and envi- Eastern Europe. ronmental health. Operational work in water and indus- Education: Ph.D, Economics, University of California, trial pollution control, water resource management, San Diego; B.S., Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo; environmental management, environmental health, and Strengths/Interests: Irrigation, urban and rural infra- water supply and sanitation. Additional expertise in structure, participatory infrastructure development, community-based approaches to environmental man- socio-economic impact of infrastructure. agement, and health impacts of the environment. Languages: Japanese (native), English, Chinese, French Severin Kodderitzsch Anatoly IKrutov Background. Mr. Kodderitzsch joined the World Bank Background: Mr. Krutov joined the World Bank through the Young Professional program in September Resident Mission, Uzbekistan in 1995 as Operations 1992, when he was assigned to the Agriculture and Officer. His primary areas of responsibility are in Water, Natural Resource Operations Division, Central and Rural and Environment sector work and project portfo- Southern Europe Department, and subsequently to the lio management. Prior to joining the Bank, he was Head Country Operations Department, South Asia of the Environment Department at the Central Asian Department. Upon graduation from the YP program in Scientific Research Institute for Irrigation, the Ministry Fall 1993, Mr. Kodderitzsch joined the Agriculture and of Water Management. His previous work experience Rural Development Operations Division, Central included teaching, planning, and research at the Europc Dcpartment as an Agriculture Economist. He Irrigation University, Svr Darya Basin Value Authority, has since worked on Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, Poland, and Scientific Research Institute for Irrigation in the Slovak Republic, and Turkey where he has been Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Mr. Krutov's background is in leading in a broad range of assignments including ESW, fluid dynamics, hydraulic engineering, and environment investment, and adjustment operations in the agriculture management. and rural development sector. Prior to joining the Bank, 47 Education: Ph.D, Hydrology, Moscow- Land wvork. He has extensive operational experience in both Reclamation University, USSR; Ph.D., Fluid Dynamics, ECA and MENA countries in wvater and agriculture pro- Moscow Environmental Engineering University, Russian jects from identification to completion. He has experi- Federation; M.A., B.A., Hydraulic Engineering, ence in participatory project development, privatization, Tashkent Irrigation University, USSR and other institutional issues. Presently he is being men- Strengths/Interests: Integrated water and environment tored to be Financial Specialist for LACI. He was part of resources management, environmental technology and the team nominated for 'Awards for Excellence" for a management, hydraulic engineering, project manage- privatization project in Yemen. ment. He also has experience in: natural resources man- Education: Masters, Agriculture Administration and agement and biodiversitv conservation; preparation, Agricultural Economics; Masters, Business implementation, and supervision of environment pro- Administration; completed all course requirements for grams and projects; fluid dynamics as applied to envi- Ph.D. in Agriculture Administration and Agricultural ronment, irrigation, and drainage; waste water treat- Economics; certificate in Journalism and Public ment; regional development. Relations. Languages: Russian (native), Engish, Uzbek, and Languages: English and Hindi German Andrey Kushlin Aysa Kudat Background: Mr. Kushlin joined the World Bank in Background: Ms. Kudat Joined the World Bank in 1993 as an ECA Consultant for the Infrastructure, 1988 as Senior WID Advisor for EDI. She is currently Energy, and Environment Division, Country the Social Assessment Coordinator for the Bank. Prior Department. III. Prior to joining the Bank, he was a to joining the Bank, she served in many positions includ- Research Associate of the Biospheric Sciences Division ing Director of Berlin Science Center/Comparative for NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Social Science Institute, Coordinator of the 1985 UN MD; a Research Associate of the Dept. of Global Conference on wvomen, Professor of Social Science at Physical Geography and Geoecology at Moscow State METU, and Senior Program Officer in UN Habitat. University in Russia, and a Junior Researcher for the She also worked at an NGO. She has had 12 years of Dept. of Global Physical Geography and Geoecology at experience in rural development wvith a particular focus Moscow State University in Russia. His background is in on infrastructure. Her urban experience extends over 16 environmental geography. forest management, and bio- years and includes water supply and sanitation, solid diversitv conservation. He is currently in a xvork program waste management, housing, transportation and energy. for Russia: GEF Biodiversity Conservation Project Education: Ph.D, Social Relations, Harvard, with a (deputy task manager); and the Russia: Urban Transport major in Political Science, MIT; BA, Economics; Project (deputy task manager); Russia: Environment Diploma in Social Anthropology, Oxford). Management Project; Central Asia: GEE Languages: Turkish (native), English Transboundary Biodiversity Project, and Russia: Sustainable Forestrv Pilot Project. Srish Kumar Education: Ph.D., Physical Geography, Landscape Background: Mr. Kumar joined the World Bank in Geophysics, and Geochemistry, Moscow State 1990 in the EMENA Agriculture Division and later University; M.S., International Physical Geography and joined EMTAW as an Operations Officer. His primary Geoecology, Moscow State University. responsibilities included financial and economic analy- Strengths/Interests: Environment protection and nat- sis, key monitorable indicators, costing and log-frame in ural resources Management institutional/legal frame- both the rural and infrastructure project and sector xvork in the Former Soviet Union countries, r emote sensing of the Geographic Information Systems, envi- 48 ronmental information and knoxwledge systems, map irrigation and drainage. design, environmental education, and distance learning. Education: Masters, Land and Water Use, Agricultural Languages: Russian (native), English, French, Latvian University Wageningen Languages: Dutch (native), English, French, German, Gloria La Cava Russian Background: Ms. La Cava joined the Social Development Unit for ECA and MENA in 1997 as a Barbara Letachowicz Social Scientist with primary responsibility for Country Background: Ms. Letachowicz joined the world Bank Assistance Strategies and institutional/social assessments Resident Mission in Warsaw, Poland in June 1998 as an for public sector management reform and issues of Operations Officer. Her primary areas of responsibility social exclusion. She is currently the Program Team are in infrastructure and environment sector work and Leader for Social Development activities in Albania. project portfolio management. Before she became bank Before joining the staff of the World Bank, she was the staff, she had been involved as a consultant in the imple- senior assistant to the Italian Executive Director for mentation of USAID-sponsored programs that were Albania, Greece, Italy, Malta and Portugal, xwith respon- focused on environmental protection in Poland; i.e., the sibility for issues related to socially and environmentally development of transparent procedures on project sustainable development, post conflict recovery, and appraisal and selection for environmental funds, prepa- Bank renewal. Before becoming a policy advisor for the ration of environmental investments in water and solid Italian Government on development issues, she was wastes. Her previous experience includes design and Associate Professor of Comparative Development implementation of municipal and industrial waste water Studies at the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, treatment plants. Ms. Letachowicz's background is in Brazil, and collaborated with major international acade- environmental engineering. She has experience in coop- mic institutions. erating with local governments, sanitation and waste Education: Master and Ph.D, Social Sciences, New water treatment, municipal waste utilization. York University; post-graduate degree in Rural Research Education: Masters, Environmental Engineering, and Rural Policy, the Institute of Development Studies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. University of Sussex, UK. Strengths/Interests: Environmental protection, public Strengths/Interests: Cross-regional experience includ- participation in local Agenda 21 development, EU ing Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East, accession issues related to environmental protection, Africa and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Current project management. interests include ethnicity, inter-cultural dialogue, and Languages: Polish (native) English conflict resolution techniques. Languages: Italian (native), English, Portuguese, Viktor Loksha Spanish and French Background: Mr. Loksha joined the World Bank in 1995 after an internship in 1994 with the Environment Division of the Asia Technical Department. Prior to Background: Mr. Lennaerts joined the World Bank joining the Bank, he worked in an air pollution control Resident Mission in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in 1995 as an consulting firm in Kazakhstan (4 years), then completed Irrigation and Drainage Engineer xvith primary areas of a Ph.D. program at Moscow State University (Russia) responsibility in water and salt management, irrigation and worked there as a researcher until 1993. and drainage, sector work and project portfolio manage- Education: Ph.D., Environmental Economics, Moscow ment. Prior Bank experience includes consulting work State University, Department of Natural Resource for IWACO B. V. and trainee for Euroconsult B. V. in Economics; Master of Public Administration from 49 Columbia University in New York City. 1987 as a consultant in the Environment Department. Strengths/Interests: Environmental economics, good Since then he has worked in the Technical Department, technical knowledge of energy and air pollution control Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rural Development issues. Publications in economics and international envi- Department, and ECA Sector Units and ECSSD. ronmental policy. Education: Ph.D, University of Michigan; Masters, Languages: Russian (native), English Natural Resources; and Masters, Applied Economics, Universitv of Michigan Mark R. Lundell Strengths/Interests: Forestry Background: Mr. Lundell joined the World Bank in Language: English (native) 1993 as an agricultural economist in the Natural Resources division of ECA Department 4, with primary Jose Martinez areas of responsibility in economic and sector work and Background: Mr. Martinez joined the World Bank in investment operations in Ukraine. As a Ukraine Country 1995 as a Long Term consultant. His primary areas of Team member, he has continued to work in a wide range responsibility are procurement and project implementa- of operations in Ukraine, as task team leader for the tion. Prior to joining the Bank, he was a consultant to Agriculture Sector Adjustment Loan, the Pre-Export the World Bank at the International Development & Guarantee Facility, and the Technical Assistance for Finance Inc.; assistant to the President oF IDF; Capacity Building effort to strengthen agricultural poli- Executive Assistant at Trade & Economic Development cy analysis in government agencies. In 1995, he became Associates; freelance journalist, translator, Freelancing the Country Team representative for the rural sector on Association for New Canadians, Newfoundland the Armenian Country Team, for wvhich he manages the Chapter; Third Secretary at the Cuban Embassy in the Irrigation Rehabilitation Project, the Agriculture Reform USSR, at the Cuban Foreign Service in Cuba; Policy Support project, and the Title Registration Project. Analyst in the USSR Country Team at the Cuban Recently, he was promoted to Senior Agricultural Communist Party Department of Foreign Affairs; and Economist and made a member of the Uzbekistan Spanish-Russian Interpreter and Translator, at the Country Team for the rural sector. His previous work Cuban Communist Party Department of Foreign experience included three years at the U.S. Government Affairs. His background is in project implementation. Economic Research Service, where he managed an agri- He is currently in a work program for Sector Operations cultural and trade policy research program for Central Division EC3IV; Russia: Oil Rehabilitation I & I]; Komi and Eastern Europe, and two years in the private sector, Oil Spill Recovery; Russia: Highway Rehabilitition & where he worked on elaboration of joint ventures with Maintenance and Bridge Rehabilitation; Russia: the former Soviet Union. Environmental Management Project; GEF ODS; Education: Ph.D, Agricultural Economics, University of Kyrgyz Republic: Power and District Hleating California at Berkeley; Bachelors of Science, Rehabilitation; Azerbaijan: Greater Baku Water Supply Economics, Georgetown University. Rehabilitation; Uzbekistan: Water Supply Pilot; Strengths/Interests: Agricultural and trade policy, agri- Kazakstan: Water Supply and Sanitation. cultural sector adjustment, institutional restructuring, Education: Masters, Political Science and Sociology, rural finance, and the use of Bank guarantees. University of Havana, Cuba; Masters equivalent in Languages: English, Russian, Portuguese, French, Russian Language and Literature, Maurice Thorez working knowledge of Ukrainian and Armenian Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow, USSR; Post- Graduate Studies: Graduate Courses on U.S. Federal William B. Magrath Procurement, GraduLate School, USDA; International Background: Mr. Magrath joined the World Bank in Relations on the Post Cold War World, University of Miami, Florida; Analysis of International Information, 50 Forecast and Media Behavior; International and Trade Cooperative Movement, MoscoW, Russia; Certificate of Law, Cuban Academy of Foreign Service, Cuba. Training Course in Economics, Sloan School of Strengths/Interests: Procurement and project imple- Management, MIT, Cambridge, USA mentation, environmental and rural development issues, Strengths/Interests: Rural development, farm restruc- environment and rural development technical issues. turing, agriculture policy, cooperation of agriculture and Languages: English (native), Spanish, Russian trade, cooperative development. Languages: Russian (Native), English, Ukranian, Vera A. Matusevich Belorussian Background: Ms. Matusevich joined the World Bank Group in 1992 as a Consultant at EDIAE. In 1993 she Milena Messori started her work as Agricultural Sector Economist at the Background: Ms. Messori joined the World Bank in Bank Resident Mission in Moscow, Russian Federation. 1998 as a long term Consultant. Prior to that, she From 1996 to 1998 Ms. Matusevich worked as Head of worked wvith the World Bank as a Summer Assistant; she Agriculture, Industry and Finance Department, the W(B also worked with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Moscow Office. Now the areas of her responsibility are and the United Nations. limited to agriculture sector activities within RM's work Education: Master of Arts, International Relations, program; task leadership of a pilot agricultural project, George Washington University; Bachelors Level, analytical expertise and other technical and economic Political Science, International Relations, University of input for project preparation and implementation as well Trieste. as contribution to issuing project and policy papers; Language: Italian (native), English, French, German. establishing and maintaining effective working relation- ships with Ministries of RF, Apparat of the Russian Snezana Mitrovic Government, bilateral agencies (USAID, CIDA, Background: Ms. Mitrovic joined the World Bank in TASIC, EBRD, Know How Fund), prospective donors' 1990, first as a consultant and than as Procurement consulting firms, and agricultural attaches of various Analyst. Her primary responsibility is for project man- embassies. Prior to joining the Bank, she was a Senior agement in areas of Environment and Infrastructure and Research Fellowv at the Geonomics Institute and procurement aspects of the projects in areas of Natural Professor of Economics at Middlebury College, Resources, Environment, and Agriculture, respectively. Vermont. Her previous professional experience includ- She is currently a Procurement Specialist in ECSSD. ed positions in the Academy of National Economy Education: Environmentai/Civil Engineering, Hydro- (Moscow, RF), and the All-Union Academy of geology/Geology Engineering. Agricultural Sciences (Moscow, RF). She has lectured in Strengths/Interests: Procurement, contract manage- Washington State University (Pullman, WA) and has ment, project management, environment, water published more than one hundred articles in journals, resources, water supply and sanitation, ground water hundreds of professional papers, and five monographs. protection,environment protection. Education: Ph.D., National Economy and Agricultural Languages: Serbian (native), English, several Slavic lan- Economics, the Institute of Economics of the USSR guages Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; M.S., Economics of the Distribution System, Agricultural Joma M. Mohamadi Finance, Moscow Cooperative Institute, Moscow Russia; B. S., Economics of the Distribution System Background: Mr. Mohamadi joined the World Bank in Ru ; B. S1980 as an Irrigation Engineer. He worked on various Economics of Cooperatives, Moscow Cooperative Institute,~ ~ ~ ' Mocw.usa iloai nentoa irrigation management and development projects in Costitut, Mschool Expes Dpofa t International South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and Coops, School of Experts of the International Central Asia. Prior to joining the Bank, he worked for Aleksandar Nacev about 15 years with the Government of Afghanistan in Background: Mr. Nacev joined the World Bank various positions, including Minister of Water and Resident Mission, FYR Macedonia in 1996 as a Program Power, with major responsibility for developing land, Officer. His primary areas of responsibility are in water, power and related human resources. His back- Agriculture and Environment, including al stages of ground is in civil engineering with a focus on develop- - . gent and institution guildin, project identification, preparation and appraisal, related ment and instiution building sector economic work, sector-specific institutional and Education: MS, Engineering, Kabul University; MS, legal analysis, and project implementation and supervi- CiVil Engineering, Colorado State University, USA. 'vEgei,orotenei S sion. Prior to joining the Bank he worked for the com- Strengths/Interests: Irrigation and wvater resources uti- mercial company Radomak (the largest agricultural lization and development, with a focus on sustainable inpus s mpp any Macdoia); (the Macedonan Ministury performance through participation, privatization, and ipt upiri aeoi) h NaeoinMnsr performance through paof Agriculture, Forestry, and Water Econorny (as reduction of government subsidies (on irrigation). Respnsile fr sccesfulv pomotng lare-sale Coordinator for internationally- financed projects); he Responsible for successfully promoting a large-scale was country representative for the Agricultural transfer of irrigation management from the Government Cooperative Development Interational (ACDI) non- of Turkey to Water User Organizations, xvhich made profit consulting firm; and Research Officer at the Plant Turkey, like Mexico, a world leader in this respect. Protection Department of the Institute of Agriculture in Languages: Pushto and Dari (Farsi) (native), English, Skopje, Macedonia. Mr. Nacev's background is in Russian agronomy. Mohinder S. Mudahar Education: B.Sc., Field Crops; M. Sc., Weed Science, from the Faculty of Agriculture in Skopje, Macedonia. Background: Mr. Mudahar joined the 'World Bank in Strengths/Interests: Research extension, farmer's link- 1987 as a Senior Economist. He is currently a Principal ages, rural finance, water users' organizations, non-point Economist in ECSSD. Previously, he worked on Asia source pollution from agriculture, pesticide behavior in (primarily China and Bangladesh) till he transferred to soils and groundwater, soil and groundwater conserva- the Europe and Central Asia Region in 1991. He was a tion, IPM member of the original Bank team assigned to work in Languages: Macedonian (native), English, Serbian, the Former Soviet Union. Prior to joining the World Croatian Bank, he led the economic policy program at the International Fertilizing Development Center (IFDC) John Nash from 1976 to 1986. He taught and carried out research Background: Mr. Nash joined the World Bank in 1986, related to economic development at Cornell Universitv vorking in EAC agricultural operations (1986-88); DEC from 1972 to 1976. He has over 25 year experience deal- international trade (1988-1996); and ECA agricultural ing with policy and operational issues related to eco- t j & - ~~~~~~~~~~~~operations (current). Prior to jini1ng the Barnk, he nomic development. worked for the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (1983- 88) as Assistant Director for Trade Regulation Rules, Wisconsin, Madison; M.S., Agricultural Economics; and the Economic Advisor to the Chairman; and B.S., Agricultural Sciences, Punjab Agricultural Assistant Professor of Economics at Texas A&M University, India. University (1980-83). Strengths/Interests: Economics of transitional Education: MSc., Ph.D, Economics, Univ. of Chicago economies, economic policy (food, agriculture, forestry, Strengths/Interests: Agricultural policy adjustment; fishenres, natural resources) agricultural price policy; commodity price stabilization; Languages: English, Punjabi Hindi,capital mobility. Publilcation topics include trade policy Russian. 52 in Latin America, Africa, South Asia, and transition agement. Prior to joining the ECA region, he worked as econonies. a consultant in the areas of macroeconomics and pover- Languages: English (native) and Spanish (working) ty, health, population, agriculture and environment in the Africa region for hwo years. Prior to joining the Bank, Michele de Nevers he worked as a Director of Foreign and Financial Policy Background: Ms. de Nevers is the Sector Leader, Studies at Daiwa Institute of Research, a subsidiary of Environment, for the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Daiwa Securities, and in higher education at Catholic region. She joined the World Bank as a Young University, American Enterprise Institute, and American Professional and subsequently worked in the South Asia, University. He has authored numerous publications and Latin America-Caribbean regions before joining ECA. has been interviewed by radio and television on public Her group within ECSSD handles environmental com- policy and information management. Concurrently, he phance, environmental partnerships and a portfolio of taught political economy, Russian area studies, and environmental investments and analytical work. Ms. de information management at American University, Nevers also represents the World Bank on the Executive Catholic University, and George Washington University Planning Committee of International Network for as an adjunct faculty member . Environmental Compliance and Enforcement. From Education: Ph.D., M.A., B.A., International Relations, June 1996 to June 1997, Ms. de Nevers was Division American University; Russian and French language Chief covering two departments in the ECA region, for training, Middlebury College; MBA, Georgetown (exp. central and southern Europe (ECI and EC2). The divi- 4/99) sion handled agriculture and rural development, urban Strengths/Interests: Institutional reform and restruc- services (water supply, sanitation, sohid waste) and envi- turing, financial system development and regulation, ronment. Currently, she is the ECA Representative to information access in the post-privatization context, par- the Environment Sector Board in the ESSD network. ticipatory approaches to natural resource management, She was also a member of the planning council for the and environmental valuation. Fourth International conference on Environmental Languages: English, French, German, Russian, Spanish Comphance and Enforcement, an international environ- mental network. From January 1996 to June 1996, she Cuneyt Okan took a study leave in the graduate program of the Background: Mr. Okan joined the World Bank Department of Environmental Science at Johns Resident Mission, Turkey in 1997 as project/operations Hopkins University, where she took courses in environ- officer, after having worked as a short and long term mental law, environmental policy, and urban studies. consultant at the Bank since 1995. Primary areas of Education: Masters, Finance, Management, responsibility are projects in the natural resource man- International Business and Economics, Massachusetts agement sector (biodiversity, forestry, watershed reha- Institute of Technology; B.A., Bacteriology, bilitation), NGOs, private sector involvement in agricul- Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley tural activities, and overall project portfolio manage- Languages: Enghsh (native), French, Spanish. ment. He has over 20 years experience in the l'urkish and international private sector. Leonid A. Norsworthy Education: BS, physics Background: Mr. Norsworthy is currently Knowledge Strengths/Interests: Project design/management/moni- Manager for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable toring ; natural resource management including rehabil- Development in the Europe and Central Asia Region. itation, rural development, ag services, participation; He has 15 years experience in public policy analysis, cor- cross sectoral experience to provide perspective porate communications, and information systems man- Languages: Turkish, English, some French 53 Bulent Ozbilgin technical assistance team (IDA/UNDP) for two inte- Background: Mr. Ozbilgin joined the World Bank in grated rural development projects. As an independent 1993 as a short-term Consultant in the Technical consultant, he wvorked for the World Bank, USAID, Department, Environment Division for Europe, Central UNDP and ILO on rural development, rural institu- Asia, Middle East and North Africa Regions. His initial tions, and water management in Asia and Africa. In the primary responsibilities included conducting statistical ECA Social Team, Mr. Peabody specializes in social analysis of infrastructure project social assessments. assessments, supervision and momtoring in projects coy- Later, he started conducting social assessments and eco- ering a wide range of issues from farm privatization and nomic sector work in the Europe and Central Asia irrigation to rural finance, urban transport, watershed region. Prior to joining the Bank, he held a teaching management, energy efficiency, indigenous peoples, and assistantship and a student advisor position at the resettlement. George Washington University. He also has worked in Education: Ph.D., Sociology, Washington University; textile manufacturing. MPS(Ag), International Agricultural and Rural F.ducation: MBA, International Business/Finance, Development, Cornell University; MA, Italian Studies, Eductio: MB, Iteratioal usiess/inace, Tufts University; BA, Modern European History, George Washington University, Washington, DC. BS, Textile Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Harvard College. Istanbul, Turkey Strengths/Interests: Social assessment, participation, Strengths/Interests: He has experience in social fac- institutional analysis, private sector/public sector and tors, analysis of water supply and sanitation projects, pri- rura/urhan dynamics, community resource manage- vatization/land reform projects, and post-conflict recon- ment, water management and irrigation. struction. Interests include project management skills Languages: English (native), Italian, Nepali (rudimen- and different management techniques and methods and tar>) their practical applications in the workplace. He has Patrizia Poggi expertise in many computer programs and disciplines, strong financial modeling and interpretation skills, and Background: Ms. Poggi joined the ECA/MENA Social strong quantitative research and analysis abilities. Development Unit in January 1997, initially as a short- Languages: Turkish (native), English, Azeri, Turkmen term Consultant; since September 1997, she has been a (can read Cyrillic) long-term Consultant. During this period, she has been involved in a number of activities in both the Europe Stan Peabody and Central Asia Region and the Middle East and North B rP vB in Africa Region, contributing significantly to the social 1993 as a Social Scientist in the Environment Division, development agenda. In particular, she has been work- Eastern Europe and Central Asia/Middle East and ing on the Country Social Profiles Series; the editing of North Africa Technical Department (EMTEN). Prior to a number of papers; organizing seminars and Nvork- joining the Bank, he was a Program Officer at Winrock shops, both in the field and in the Headquarters; and International, working on the Water Resource and participating in the social assessment for the Local Irrigation Policy Program; he then became Chief of Development Project in Bosnia and Herzegovina. She Party, Environmental and Natural Resource Policy and also co-authored the Implementation Completion Training Project, Technical Assistance Component Report for the Emergency Recovery Project in B0snia (USAID). Mr. Peabodv served as Senior Water and Herzegovina. Management Specialist in the Asia/Near East Bureau of Education: Masters, Political Science, Universita' degli USAID for four vears and spent over three vears in Studi di Bologna, Italy; Masters, International Re]ations and International Economics, Johns Hopkins Nepal as Socio-Economist and then Team Leader of a UnIvernatington D.C. University, Washington D.C. 54 Strengths/Interests: Social development projects, in Doina Rachita particular, social funds and micro-credit projects, post- Background: Ms. Rachita joined the World Bank conflict issues, cultural heritage initiatives. Resident Mission, Romania in 1994 as a researcher. Languages: Italian (native), English, Spanish, French Currently she has primary areas of responsihiliry as Lorenz X. Pohlmeier Operations Officer in Rural Development and Environment, related sector work, and project manage- Background: Mr. Pohlmeier joined the World Bank in ment. Prior to joining the Bank, she was doing econom- 1985 as a Financial Analyst. Until 1990 he worked for ic research at the National Institute for Economic the Africa Region and was responsible for institutional Research in Bucharest, Romania and consultancy for development in agricultural and rural development pro- EU-Phare. Her background is in economics. jects. Later he coordinated a small group of cooperative Education: Masters in Economics, the Academy of specialists to focus on cooperative sector reforms in Economic Studies in Bucharest, Romania; post-gradu- Cameroon, Burundi and Guinea (Conakry). In 1991, ate courses in Economics and Sociology at the Open Mr. Pohlmeier transferred to the ECA Region and University in Oxford, UK. worked on the reform of rural cooperatives, rural Strengths/Interests: Rural development and environ- finance sector issues, and regional development. Most of ment. She has previous work experience in issues relat- his work was on Poland but he also undertook assign- ed to the economics of transition in East European ments in Hungary, Bulgaria, and Armenia. At present he countries, particularly in industrial restructuring and pri- is focusing on local administration and rural education in vatization, labor market, monetary and fiscal policies. Poland and leads a cooperative sector restructuring Languages: Romanian (native), English, French effort in Jordan. Prior to joining the Bank, he managed rural and regional development projects in three African Werner Roider countries and worked for a cooperative bank in Background: Mr. Roider joined the World Bank in Germany.~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~Bcgoud r.R1e Jze teWrd ak1 Gerdnand. 1983 as an Agricultural Economist in South Asia Region Education: MNiBA, Banking and Cooperative Development. (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka: Agric. Credit, Marketing, Languages: Germnan (native), Englsh, French. Storage, Silk Projects); Resident Mission, Bangladesh Evgeny Polyakov 1986-89 (Ag. Policy, Fisheries, Shrimp, Fisheries Projects); 1990 in Washington working on Bangladesh. Background: Mr. Polyakov joined the World Bank in 1991-1995 Resident Mission, Cameroon (Ag. Policy, 1995 as an Agricultural Specialist in the Agriculture, ASAL, Ag. Extension & Research Food Security, Micro Industry, and Finance Division, Europe and Central credit); 1995 to present Resident Mission, Tashkent Asia Country Department III. Prior to joining the World (Aral Sea Basin Program, Operations, Agriculture). Bank, he was a researcher at the Russian Academy of Beforc joining thc Bank he was with the Ministry of Sciences and later a graduate student at the University Agriculture, Bavaria; Univ. of Ibadan, Nigeria; Univ. of of Pennsylvania. He has 10 years of experience in the Berlin (research, teaching project evaluation); Ifo countries of the former Soviet Union. Institute for Economic Research, Germany (studies on Education: Ph.D., Economics, Russian Academy of development/aid to West Africa), Advisor to Minister of Sciences; M.A., Economics, University of Pennsylvania; Agriculture, Ivory Coast; Leading Regional B.S., Mathematical Economics, Moscow State Univ. Development Project, Indonesia; EU, Office in Strengths/Interests: Economic and statistical analysis Cameroon (Agric. Projects). of agriculture and forestry in the countries of the former Education: Diploma in Agriculture (Economics), Soviet Union, operational work, agricultural policy Munich; Doctorate (Rural Sociology, Agr. Economics) analysis, farm surveying and data management. Berlin 55 Strengths/Interests: Rural development, combination extension research systems development; tropical and of theory and practice. temperate agronomy, integrated pest management; farm Languages: German (native), English, French input supply system development, agro-industries devel- opment, water-shed based rain-fed farming system Nirmala Saraswat development, common grazing land management; for- Background: Ms. Saraswat joined ECA Country mation of Water Users'Association, etc. Department III, Infrastructure, Energy and Environ- Languages: English, Russian, Some Azeri and Tajik; ment Division, in March, 1997 as a consultant. In Julv, and Native languages A THndi, Urdu, Kannada, Tamil, 1997, she joined the ECA Rural Development/ Telugu and Tulu Environment Sector Unit as a consultant. Prior to join- ing the Bank, she was a visiting faculty member at Tjaart W. Schiillhorn van Veen Purdue University; a scientist El and assistant director Background: Mr. Schillhorn van Veen joined the World at the National Environmental Engineering Research Bank in 1991. Since July 1997, he has worked in the Institute, and a research engineer at the Indian Institute ECA region as a Senior Livestock Specialist. Prior to of Technology. joining the Bank, he worked as an associate and full pro- Education: Ph.D., Civil and Environmental Engineer- fessor at Michigan State University and as vice president ing, Purdue University. at Probe-Tek Inc. Education: Ph.D., Veterinary Science, State University Thirumangalam Sampath. V. of Utrecht, Background: Mr. Sampath joined the World Bank in Strengths/Interests: Pest management integration 1990 as an Agriculturist in the South Asia Country Languages: Dutch (native), English, French, German, Department II, Resident Mission: Agriculture Staff. His Hausa, Russian, Spanish current position is Agriculturist, ECSSD, Europe and Central Asia Region. Prior to joining the World Bank, he Helmut Schreiber worked as an Agriculture Commissioner to the Background: Mr. Schreiber joined the World Bank's Government of India, providing plans, budgets, and EMENA Country Department IV as an Environmental direction to the national agricultural development pro- Economist in 1991. IHIis primary responsibhlity is to iden- gram; he worked for five years as Director of Agriculture tify, prepare, and supervise environment-related pro- in the State of Karnataka in southern India; he also jects. Prior to joining the Bank, he was head of the worked as a managing director of the State Seed Central and Eastern European Department of the Corporation and was a Director of the Board of Institute for Environmental Policy (Bonn/London/ National Seeds Corporation, India. Mr. Sampath has 32 Paris). His previous work experience includes: Lecturer years of experience in the field of agricultural develop- at the Free University Berlin, research associate at the ment, extension, research and marketing at the national Center for International Studies of the University of and international level. Pittsburgh, researcher at the Institute for Environmental Education: Ph.D., Agriculture; M.B.A, Marketing; Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in M.Sc, Agricultural Chemistry and Soil science; Bachelor Katowice, Senior felloxv at the Science Center Berlin, of Science, Agricultural Sciences. and visiting researcher at the Siberian Academy of Strengths/Interests: Operational wxork in transition Sciences in Akademgorodok. economies, National Seed Industry, and institutional Education: Diploma in Poltical Science, Dr. rer. pol. capacity building; participatory farm privatization and cand. of the Free University Berhn. restructuring; land reform, agricultural land registration, Strengths/Interests: Environmental management, irrigated agriculture management; national agricultural energy and environment, urban environment, environ- 56 mental economics, project management. He also has Roy Southworth experience in regional development, transportation, Backround: Mr. Southworth is Principal Agricultural local government. Economist, ECSSD, Europe and Central Asia Region. Languages: German (native), English, French, Russian He joined the World Bank in 1979 as a Young Karin Shepardson Professional. In his early career he held positions in the Agricultural and Rural Development Department and as Background: Ms. Shepardson joined the World Bank in an assistant to President A. W. Clausen. In 1983, he 1994 as a Young Professional in the Natural Resources joined the Agricultural Division of the Southern Africa Division, Country Department IV of the Europe and Department and then moved to the Tanzania Resident Central Asia Vice Region. She completed her YP assign- Mission in 1989. He moved to his current position in ment in the Environment and Urban Development 1993. Prior to joining the World Bank, Mr. Southworth Division of the China/Mongolia Department, and re- served in the Peace Corps in Ethiopia, and did research joined the ECA region as an environmental economist in in Ghana. 1995. Prior to joining the Bank, she worked for six years Education: Ph.D., Agricultural Economics, Stanford with Air and Water Technologies/Metcalf and Eddy, a University; undergraduate work at Washington State large engineering firm on a variety of private sector and University. government projects in environmental engineering, poli- Strengths/Interests: Operational and policy work in cy and planning. She has also worked in short term posi- transition economies, farm restructuring, agricultural tions with the Student Conservation Association in a and pricing policy, rural finance, land reform, agricultur- National Parks/Forestry work exchange in West al marketing. Germany, as a Research Assistant at the Institute for Languages: English Resource and Security Studies, as an Intern at IEP Environmental Consultants, as a Field Associate at Jitendra Srivastaava Morton Chemical-Environmental Affairs Division, as an Background: Mr. Srivastava joined the World Bank in Intern at BSC Engineering, and as a Senior Engineering 1990 as a Crop Science Specialist in AGR. He moved to Aide at the Metropolitan District Commission (water the ECSSD Unit as a Principal Agriculturist in 1997. At and sewer agency). She is currently environment pro- AGR, he reviewed agricultural projects related to agri- gram team leader Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, and the cultural production, natural resource management, Baltics as weli as task team leader for several projects in seeds and agricultural research, extension and educa- these countries. tion. He worked with the environment department pro- Education: M.S. Urhan and Environmental Policy; moting environmental concerns in agricultural projects. Environmental Engineering (88), Tufts University He worked with CGIAR Centers and was responsible B.A., Economics; Environment Studies, Macalester for supervising UNDP-supported projects to CGIAR College Centers. He worked extensively in Asia, Africa, Middle Strengths/Interests: Water resources management, . I t natralresures anaemnt,envronen ecnomcs East andi Europe and Central Asia regions. In the natural resources management, environment economics, ECSSD Unit, Mr. Srivastava is working on agricultural environment policy and planning, industrial and solid research, extension and education, seeds and sustain- waste management, environmental assessment, water a .'l agiulua prdcinsses rtvsaaas suply/ast-,ter foetyad'giutr able agricultural production systems. Mr. Srivastava also supply/wastev7ater, forestry and agricuture initiated and manages a number of regional initiatives Languages: English, Spanish suchas "Reforming Agricultural Research, Extension and Education in the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus," "Natural Resource Degradation Control (Desertification) in the Middle East," "Sustainahility of 57 Rice-Wheat Production Systems in the Indo-Gangetic Jordan and a coastal zone environmental action plan in Plains." Before joining the Bank, he was a University the Gulf of Aqaba; he also identified environmental professor; he worked with Rockefeller and Ford components for structural adjustment of the agriculture Foundations; and was director of Cereal Program and sector in Jordan. Deputy Director General of ICARDA. Education: MIBiol, CIBiol. Institute of Biology, Education: Ph.D, Plant Genetics and Breeding London; B.Sc. (Hons) Zoology, School of Biological Strengths/Interests: Agricultural research, extension Sciences, University of Nottingham, England. and education, seeds and sustainable agricultural pro- Strengths and Interests: Establishing effective systems duction systems. He is an active member of a number of for sustainable natural resource management that are professional societies. linked with rural development and other stakeholder Languages: Arabic, English, Urdu, Hindi (Native) interests. Identifying and taking advantage of opportu- nities for mainstreaming environiment. Catherine Stevens Languages: English (native), Indonesian/Mialay, Hiri Background: Catherine Stevens joined the World Bank Motu, Melanesian Pidgin, and a basic knowledge of in 1997 as a short term consultant. Prior to joining the French. Bank, she was an Executive Director for Eurocities Asbl. Education: Masters, Public Administration, Jo'p Stoutjesdijk Economics/Management, Harvard University, Kennedy Background: Prior to joining the World Bank, Mr. School of Government; Masters, German/International Stoutjesdijk was employed by FAO for almost 14 years; Relations, Heidelberg University: Mastes, History and he also worked as a short-term consultant in developing International Relations, Cambridge University, St countries and on projects in Malawi, Zambia, Catharine's College; Diploma, French Language and Zimbabve, Mongolia, Lesotho, Nigeria, Botswana, Civilization, The Sorbonne. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Uzbekistan. At the FAO he increased his responsi- bilities from Associate Expert in 1982 to Senior John Fraser Stewart Irrigation Engineer/Chief Technical Adviser in 1995/96. Background: Mr. Fraser Stewart is a Biodiversity and He was involved in: planning, design and construction Natural Resources Specialist. He has over 18 years of of new irrigation schemes, rehabilitation works; capacity developing country experience (including 12 years in building; development of farmers' organizations; hand- wildlife and natural resource-based rural development over of management of schemes; and beneficiary partic- in the Pacific, East Asia and Africa, followed by six years ipation. He xvorked extensively in multi-disciplinary World Bank operations in conservation natural resource teams and has participated both as member and team management) in the Middle East, North Africa, and leader in identification and preparation missions for the Eastern and Southern Europe. He is currently leading FAO Investment Center, IFAD, and Dutch Bilateral Aid forestry and/or GEF biodiversitv conservation opera- Agency. At the Bank Mr. Stoutjesdijk is involved in the tions in Romania, Turkey, Croatia, Albania and preparation and processing of an irrigation and drainage Slovenia. Prior to joining ECA, He was instrumental in project in Central Asia and Azerbaijan. Activities the development of a regional collaborative program for include: the preparation of project documents; review of sustainable management of arid lands, prepared in asso- contracts, and preparation and bidding documents; par- ciation with the Middle East Peace Process Multilateral ticipation in preparation, appraisal and supervision mis- Working Group on Environment (involving Egypt, sions; and sector work through participation in a region- Israel, Jordan, Palestinian Authority, and Tunisia). He al economic study in Turkmenistan. prepared and supervised a GEF biodiversity project in Education: M.Sc., Civil Engineering, Delft, University of Technology (1982). 58 Strengths/Interests: Irrigation, drainage and polder research laboratory supervising a USSR water quality development monitoring network, including data collection, analysis Languages: Dutch (native), English, French, German and its presentation to federal authorities. He partici- pated in number of bilateral and international projects Emil Daniel Tesliuc with WHO, WNIO, UNESCO, UNEP, US EPA, Background: Sector Economist (Agriculture/Rural and USGS, Environment Canada. Social Sectors), with the Romanian Resident Mission Education: Ph.D., Hydrochemistry, Diploma of since Nov., 1995. Previously, Mr. Tesliuc was a Hydrogeologist from the Rostov State University, USSR Governmental expert and lecturer in Economics at the Strengths/Interests: Water quality assessment and Academy of Economic Studies in the areas of agricul- monitoring, water resources management, water supply ture, trade, rural development, rural finance, poverty. and sanitation, environmental management, pollution He currently leads analytical work in agriculture, rural abatement project, ODS phase-out activities, environ- development and rural credit, poverty and social sectors, mental assessment, and project management. and trade, in the context of project preparation or mon- Languages: Russian (native), English itoring the implementation. He also actively participates on major adjustment operations with senior Laura Tuck Government officials, including the lead on negotiation Background: Ms. Tuck is currently Sector Leader for of loan sub-components. He supervises substantial com- Agricultural Policy and Rural Finance in ECA. She ponents of lending operations with major policy content. joined the World Bank as a Young Professional in Another facet of his duties is to undertake data collec- September 1987. Prior to that she had worked for three tion and analysis. He leads major surveys from design years at a consulting firm in the areas of food and agri- through implementation to analysis. He designs and cre- cultural policy; for two years as a Senior Research Fellow ates databases, economic time series, and supervises at Princeton University in the area of rural finance; and junior staff in maintaining them. He undertakes analyses for one year as a contractor for USAID. In the Bank, she of large cross-sectional surveys. worked for seven years as an economist in the agricul- Education: Diploma in Economics, Academy of tural operations division for the Maghreb; and for three Economic Studies. years in the Chief Economist's office for ECA. Strengths/Interests: Microeconomics, econometric Education: MPA, Economics, Princeton University; analysis. agricukure, trade, rural development, rural BA, economics and international relations, University of finance, poverty. California at Davis. Languages: Romanian (native), English, French. Strengths/Interests: Rural finance, price/trade policy, marketing, farm restructuring, economic analysis; Vladimir Tsirkunov Country experience: Africa (Senegal, Mauritania, Background: Mr. Tsirkunov joined the World Bank, Gambia, Burkina, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Cote Moscoxv Resident Mission in 1994 as an environmental dilvoire, Ghana, Zambia, Mozambique, Kenya, specialist. Since then he has been involved in the prepa- Cameroon); North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco); LAC ration and implementation of environmental and water (Guatemala, Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Haiti), ECA supply projects as well as major GEF operations in (all) Russia; he provides assistance in environmental assess- Languages: French, Spanish, English ment and participates in the preparation of a pilot forestry project, Caspian and Black sea programs, and other environmental initiatives and programs. Prior to joining the Bank, he was in charge of the leading 59 Asyl Undelund Konrad Von Ritter Background: Ms. Undeland joined the World Bank Background: Mr. Von Ritter joined the World ]Bank as Resident Mission, Kyrgyz in 1997 as an Operations a Young Professional in September 1989. He has been a Officer for Rural Development/Environment. Prior to part of many departments, sectors, and units of the joining the Bank, she taught history at Kyrgyz State Bank. In 1993, Mr. Ritter became an Economist in the University, then worked as a head of the International Agriculture and Environment Division. He is now the department of the Ministry of Education, served in the Sr. Economist in the ECA sector units working on the Kyrgyz Foreign Service (in the Kyrgyz embassies in the countries Russia and Azerbaijan. Mr. Ritter is the Project United States and Canada) covering issues of U.S. tech- Team Leader on the Environment side of ECSSD. Prior nical assistance, bilateral programs in education, science, to joining the Bank Staff he wvas a Consultant at the culture. She was a liaison to the U.S. Congress, USIA International Labour Organization and US AID. She also worked as a consultant to inter- Country Experience: Cameroon, Central America, national organizations on monitoring and evaluation China, Costa Rica, East Asia, Europe, Malaysia, projects. Ms. Undelund currently handles 5 projects Panama, Philippines, and Thailand just to name a few. (Agricultural Support services, Rural Finance, Sheep Education: Masters, Political Science and Economics, development, Central Asian Transboundary Freie University, Berlin; Certificate for Environmental Biodiversity, and Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan). Economics and Policy Analysis, Harvard Institute for Education: MoscoW State University International Development. Languages: Russian, Kyrgyz, English Languages: German (native), English, French, Spanish Willem van Tuijl Mahwash Wasiq Background: MNIr. van Tuijl joined the World Bank in Background: Currently Ms. Wasiq is a Project Analyst, 1976 as an Irrigation Engineer. His primary areas of ECSRE, responsible for economic/financial and opera- responsibility are in Infrastructure, Urban and tional analysis of the Uzbekistan Agricultural Environment sector work, and project portfolio man- Enterprises Restructuring Program; the Cotton Sub- agement. Prior to joining the Bank, he was an Irrigation Sector Support Project; the Russian Agricultural Reform Engineer in the Asia Development Bank. His previous Implementation Support Project; and the Agricultural work experience was in the area of irrigation engineering Adjustment Loan Project. Responibilities include data in the Provincial Waterboard of South Holland, and also collection, processing and analysis, project cost design, as an associate expert in irrigation engineering in the report xvriting, monitoring procurement/disbursement Food and Agriculture Organization. Mr. van Tuijl's and overseeing daily implementation of projects under background is in civil engineering, irrigation, and supervision. Prior to joining the Bank, Ms. Wasiq found- hydropower. ed the Independent Wireless Communications Education: Masters in Science, Civil Engineering, Consultant and conducted market research for a major Irrigation/Hydropower, Technological University of foreign client, Nokia. She was also a Research Associate Delft, Holland. at The Johns Hopkins University, Foreign Policy Strengths/Interests: Urban environment, rural and Institute, where she conducted a strategic study on Iran- agricultural development; and project management. He Afghanistan relations for the United States Navy, had extensive experience in the Technical Department research published by the Heritage Foundation. She in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as well as the worked as an Associate at Research Online Middle Eastern regions. International, Inc., where she researched and analyzed Languages: Dutch (native), English, French, Germaia, corporate informlationi for strategic businiess develop- Spanish ment for private firms. As a Program Assistant at the 60 University of Nebraska at Omaha, she provided organi- Piotr Wilczynski zational assistance for a USAID project enabling Afghan Background: Piotr Wilczynski joined the World Bank in Refugees to acquire education in Pakistan and to study 1992 as a Senior Environmental Economist. Prior to in universities throughout the United States. joining the Bank, Mr. Wilczynski worked at the EBRD Education: M.A, International Relations, The Johns as a Senior Environmental Economist. Hopkins Univ., School of Advanced International Education: Ph.D, Economics, Consumption Models/ Studies;. B.A., Economics; B.A., International Studies Environmental Economics, Oscar Lange Academy; (awarded with Honors), University of Nebraska at Masters Level, Master of Arts in Economics, Omaha; awarded seven year scholarship to study medi- Macroeconomics/Microeconomics of Industry, Oscar cine, Moscow State University. Lange Academy of Economics. Languages: Dari (Farsi) and Pashtu, Tajiki, English Langeademy of Ecno is. Russian, and conversational Spanish and Indonesian Peter Whitford Charis Wuerffel Background: Ms. Wuerffel joined the World Bank in Background: Mr. Whitford joined the World Bank June, 1997 as a project assistant, providing operational through the Young Professionals Program in 1970. He a admin ist ant forithe perational hashadexpriecein R pase ofth prjec cylein and administrative support for the preparation and has had experience in all phases of the project cycle supervision of GEF-funded biodiversity activities in the infrastructure, rural dhelopment, heakh (and for Romania, Turkey, and Slovenia. Subsequently, she has the last ten years), the environment sectors, assisted with the launch and supervision of forestry pro- Geographically, he has aorked in all regions, with a par- jects in Bosnia, Croatia and Georgia. Her previous work ticular focus on East and South Asia, and Europe and experience includes the application of formal and non- Central Asia. For three years, he served as Head of formal education techniques and humanitarian aid dis- Agriculture in the Bangladesh Resident Mission. In tribution in the former Soviet Union. Her formal educa- ECA, he began the Mediterraeana and Black Sea tion is in international development, music and human- Programs and, for three years, was Manager of the Aral ities, including field experience in participatory tech- Basin Unit, leading a team from many parts of the Bank, niques to address rural and urban development issues in with support from a multitude of trust funds. He over- nibia andr Suria She has trveloe extensiv saw he frst EAPin MA (Tnisi) ad cariedout Namibia and South Africa. She has traveled extensively saw the first NEAP in MNA (Tunisia) and carried our in Southern and Eastern Africa, Russia, the Baltics, and the first in ECA (Czech and Slovak Republics). He Central Asia. founded the region's system of project environmental Education: BA, magna cum laude, International review and is currently overseeing a program of Development, Music; Valparaiso University (Christ enhancements to that system. College Honors Program) Education: Ph.D., Water Resources Planning, Stanford Strengths/Interests: Community-based natural University, California. resource management, rural development and environ- Strengths/Interests: Team building; quality assurance; ment, articipatory techniques, Bank operations/project environmental assessment; environmental management; portfolio. national environmental action plans; vater resources Languages: English (native), Russian, German planning; staff development. Languages: English (native), some knowledge of Barnabas Zegge French, German, Portuguese, Russian and Indonesian Background: Mr. Zegge joined the Wo7rid Bank in 1979 as an Agricultural Economist in the Eastem Africa Department. He is currently a Senior Agricultural Economist (long-term consultant) in ECSSD. Prior to 61 joining the World Bank, he was a Senior Economic Consultant at Coopers and Lybrand. Mr. Zegge has 20 years of experience in the field of agriculture. Education: Ph.D., Economics, Columbia Pacific University: M. S., Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. Strengths/Interests: Rural finance, land and agrarian reform strategy, agricultural policy analyses, manage- ment skills of on-farm and off-farm activities. Languages: English, German, Portuguese, Sukuma 62