71021 Australia: Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 2007 GDP 2007 GDP 2007 Share 2007 Trade Membership No. of RTAs/ EIAs (millions) per capita in World Trade per capita GATT WTO Goods Services $938,758 $44,984 1.10% $17,513 1948 1995 6 4 Australia TRADE PERFORMANCE ‡ HI OECD Ranking Decile TP High inc TRADE POLICY (TP) (out of 125) 14 2 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE) (out of 126) 11 1 TO EE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) (out of 181) 9 1 TRADE FACILITATION (TF) (out of 151) 17 2 TRADE OUTCOME (TO) (out of 161) 130 9 TF IE ‡ Rankings are based on the "representative" indicators (in bold) in each group below for the latest year Outer bound represents best value in latest year TRADE POLICY (TP)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index (MFN applied tariffs)& 24.9 3.6 3.2 * TTRI (applied tariffs including preferences) & .. 2.1 1.7 * TTRI Overall TRI (OTRI, applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& .. 8.4 7.9 * (MFN) Other trade policy indicators MFN applied tariff - simple avg (%) 6.4 4.5 3.5 3.5 * Applied Dispersion (coefficient of variation) 7.1 2.7 1.3 1.3 * tariff (wgt avg) Maximum rate 3000.0 646.5 52.2 66.3 * Agriculture - simple avg (%) 10.6 3.0 1.3 1.3 * Import Nonagriculture - simple avg (%) 5.8 4.7 3.8 3.8 * duties MFN applied tariff - trade weighted avg (%) 6.7 4.6 4.8 6.1 * MFN zero-duty imports (% in total imports) 35.4 42.8 50.0 50.0 * Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - trade weighted avg (%) 6.6 4.4 4.2 4.3 * Nontariff measures Agriculture 21.9 6.4 1.5 1.6 * Nonagriculture 5.8 4.3 4.3 4.4 * 0 10 20 30 40 Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - production weighted avg (%) .. 3.0 2.2 * HI OECD High inc Australia Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) escalation (finished% minus raw%) 4.5 3.8 3.9 * Agriculture .. 1.8 2.0 2.1 * Nonagriculture .. 4.8 4.0 4.1 * Import duties (% of imports) 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.4 * Services commit. Tariff overhang (MFN bound less MFN applied rate,%) 3.8 5.8 6.5 6.5 * Bound tariff frequency ratio (% of total lines) 97.0 97.1 97.1 97.0 * Specific tariffs frequency ratio (%) 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5 * 0 40 80 Non-tariff measures frequency ratio (%) 20.6 .. .. .. HI OECD High inc Australia Overall GATS commitment index (0-100, best) .. 59.0 59.0 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ MA-TTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.)& 6.8 6.9 * MA-OTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& 14.8 12.1 * MA-TTRI Other external environment indicators ROW applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - weighted avg (%) 10.4 6.5 3.8 3.2 * MFN duty free Agriculture 22.5 19.4 14.2 13.1 * (exports) Nonagriculture 6.3 2.3 1.5 1.2 * MFN zero-duty exports (% of total exports) 51.4 53.0 59.8 62.5 * Value of prefer Exports with FTA / CU partners (% of total exports) 0.0 2.6 10.6 10.4 * Preferences (EU+U.S.) utilization rate (%) .. .. 80.5 89.3 * 0 1 Lowest Highest Preferences (EU+U.S.) actual value (% of exports) .. .. 0.2 0.2 * HI OECD High inc Australia Real effective exchange rate (% change,+ =apprec.) -0.4 3.2 3.2 2.5 ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used(noted by *). For more infor., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008. ŸMFN: most favored nation; NTM: nontariff measures; MA: market access; ROW: rest of the world; FTA: free trade agreement; CU: customs union; WTO: World Trade Organization GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; WGI: World Government Indicators; ".." indicates missing value; RTA/EIA: regional trade arrangement / economic integration arrangement; & 2007 are preliminary estimates Australia Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) 2004 2006 2007 2008 Ease of Doing Business (rank out of 181) .. .. 10 9 Starting a business (rank) .. .. 1 3 Enforcing contracts (rank) .. .. 19 3 Ease of Doing Closing a business (rank) .. 14 20 Business Other institutional environment indicators WGI - Regulatory Quality (-2.5 to +2.5, best) 2.06 1.90 1.96 .. 0 80 160 WGI - Rule of Law (-2.5 to +2.5, best) 1.80 1.79 1.79 .. HI OECD High inc Australia WGI - Control of Corruption (-2.5 to +2.5, best) 2.09 2.00 2.05 .. TRADE FACILITATION (TF) 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Logistics Performance Index (LPI, 1 to 5 best) .. .. 3.8 3.8 * Efficiency of customs and other border procedures .. .. 3.6 3.6 * Logistic Index Quality of transport and IT infrastructures .. .. 3.6 3.6 * International transportation costs .. .. 3.7 3.7 * Logistics competence .. .. 3.8 3.8 * Trading Trackability of shipments .. .. 4.0 4.0 * Across Borders Domestic transportation costs .. .. 2.8 2.8 * Timeliness of shipment .. .. 4.1 4.1 * Other trade facilitation indicators UNCTAD Shipping Doing Business - Trading Across Borders (rank out of 181) .. 34 45 No. of documents required for exports .. .. 6 6 No. of days process required for exports .. .. 10 9 Telephones Cost to export (US$ per container) .. .. 885 1,200 per 100 No. of documents required for imports .. .. 8 6 No. of days process required for imports .. .. 13 12 Secondary Cost to import (US$ per container) .. .. 1,062 1,239 enrollment Liner shipping connectivity index (0-100 best) .. .. 27.2 26.8 Telephones and mobiles per 100 people 74.2 116.4 143.7 147.6 * 0 Lowest 1 Highest Average cost of 3-minute call to U.S. (US$) 2.0 0.6 .. .. HI OECD High inc Australia Internet usage (per 100 people) 13.3 41.9 50.4 53.3 * Secondary gross school enrollment (%) 156.6 154.7 149.4 150.3 * * TRADE OUTCOME (TO) ## 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Real growth in trade of goods and services (%) 7.7 5.7 6.9 3.3 10 8.7 Exports 6.5 3.4 2.8 2.3 8 8.4 7.7 7.9 7.2 6.6 6.9 Imports 8.2 7.7 6.9 4.0 6 5.7 5.3 Other trade outcome indicators 4 3.3 Trade integration (trade as % of GDP) 40.1 43.4 44.7 52.0 2 FDI inflow (% of GDP) 1.8 3.6 0.9 0.0 0 1995-99 2000-04 2005-07 2008 World trade share growth (%) -1.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 Trade Growth Rate Exports -1.6 -0.5 1.9 1.1 Australia HI OECD High inc Imports -1.1 0.1 -1.9 -2.5 Merchandise share in total exports (%) 76.1 76.2 78.1 79.2 Exports Share (2005-07) Agriculture 23.7 19.9 15.2 14.6 * Manufacturing 22.6 22.1 19.1 18.6 * Agric, Service, 21.9 15.2 Mining, fuel and others 29.8 34.3 44.0 45.9 * Service share in total exports (%) 23.9 23.8 21.9 20.8 Tourism 11.7 12.1 11.9 12.2 * Manuf, 19.1 Transportation 6.1 5.0 4.2 4.0 * Other services 6.1 6.7 5.8 6.0 * Export product concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 11.9 13.7 18.5 18.6 * Mining, Export market concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 30.3 27.6 29.3 29.3 * 44.0 Top 5 exports share (% of merchandise exports) .. .. 39.8 40.0 * Top 5 exports (SITC Rev. 2; 3 digit) ( 321) Coal non- agglomerated ( 281) Iron ore/concentrates ( 971) Gold (333) Petroleum crude ( 285) Aluminium ores/ concentrates ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used (noted by *). For more info., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008 ## Most outcome indicators (mostly through 2007) are from the WDI (World Bank, Data Group), UNCTAD or COMTRADE; for filling gaps and 2008, data from the Prospects Group are used.