E1789 V3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FOR MAIZE PRODUCTION SUB-PROJECT BY BUTU-BUTU DAN ISA MAIZE PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION FINAL REPORT SUBMITTED TO KANO STATE COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CADP) Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................3 Brief Description of the Location: ...........................................................................................................................4 Legal & Institutional Framework .............................................................................................................................5 Bio-physical & Socio-Economic Characteristic ........................................................................................................6 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ..........................................................................................................6 Consultations with Stakeholders.............................................................................................................................7 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).............................................................................................8 Institutional Arrangement for Implementing the ESMP ...................................................................................... 11 Capacity Building .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting on Impacts .............................................................................................. 12 Conclusion and Recommendation ....................................................................................................................... 13 2 Executive Summary Butu-Butu Dan Isa Maize Producers Association has planned to undertake a maize production subproject with a grant support from Kano State CADP. The proposed subproject involves the cultivation of 25 hectares of farmland in Butu-Butu village of Rimin Gado LGA, using hybrid maize seeds, chemical fertilizer, and herbicides. While the envisaged increase in the association’s maize production output will result in positive impacts on its members’ socio-economic status, there are potential adverse environmental and social impacts that can eclipse the positive ones if proper solutions are not implemented. This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is therefore developed to handle any associated or potential Environmental and Social Issues that might arise from the proposed maize production subproject. The impacts identified in this ESMP are not unprecedented and are typical of category B projects that are relatively more amenable to mitigation measures, such as the use of relatively benign fertilizers – organic – and chemicals as indicated in the Pest Management Plan (PMP) that was prepared by the CADP. The overall cost of implementing this ESMP amounts to N209,000 (Two Hundred and Nine Thousand Naira) Introduction Butu-Butu Dan Isa Maize Producers Association, a registered Commodity Interest Group (CIG) with the Kano State Commercial Agriculture Development Association in Rimin Gado Local Government Area of Kano State, has planned to undertake a maize production subproject with a grant support from Kano State CADP. The objective is to increase the association’s maize production output by 5% in line with CADP’s results framework (RFW) The proposed subproject involves the cultivation of 25 hectares of farmland in Butu-Butu village (N11 55.835; E8 13.261) of Rimin Gado LGA, using hybrid maize seeds, chemical fertilizer, and herbicides. While Butu-Butu Dan Isa Maize Producers Association has undertaken to implement the subproject under the CADP’s arrangement in Kano State, such projects could have potential and associate d 3 impacts on the environment and neighbouring community. In the light of this, the association has adopted the Environmental and Social Management Framework designed for the CADP, which incorporates legal background, methodology, rules and other basic elements, upon which specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) can be designed. An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during a project implementation and operation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures. This report is specifically concerned with the ESMP for maize production by Butu-Butu Dan Isa Maize Producers Association. The primary objectives of the ESMP are to: • Identify the significant adverse environmental and social impacts resulting from the proposed maize production subproject • Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified by providing the technical details of each impact , and providing implementation schedule; • Define the responsibilities of project proponents, financing SCADO and other role players, and effectively communicate environmental and social safeguards issues among them; • Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters to ensure that all mitigation measures are completely and effectively implemented; and • Develop a plan for implementation of the mitigation measures with realistic costs attached. Brief Description of the Location: The project area (popularly known as Gonar Shuaibu Fako) is located between N11o55.835; E8o 13.261 at Butu-Butu Dan Isa town, off Rimin Gado-Gwarzo road after Dan Akalawa village. The project area is on gently undulating plain land with scattered trees and vegetation shrubs. 4 Legal & Institutional Framework The CADP has triggered three of the WB’s safeguard policies: Environmental Assessment, Pest Management, and Involuntary Resettlement. The project has also prepared and disclosed three instruments to address the triggered policies, and these are: Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF); Pest Management Plan (PMP); and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment The objective of OP 4.01 is to ensure that projects financed by the Bank are environmentally and socially sustainable, and that the decision making process is improved through an appropriate analysis of the actions including their potential environmental impacts. Environmental Assessment (EA) is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and cultural property); and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. OP 4.01 is triggered if a project is likely to present some risks and potential adverse environmental impacts in its area of influence. Thus, in the case of the CADP sub- projects, potential negative environmental and social impacts due to construction and rehabilitation activities of small-scale community-owned infrastructure like feeder/access roads are likely to include loss of vegetation, soil erosion, soil and groundwater pollution, air pollution, public health impacts such as traffic hazards, noise, dust, and possibly loss of livelihoods. OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement The objective of this operational policy is to i. Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible and explore all viable alternative project designs and location, ii. Assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them; iii. Encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement, and iv. Provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure (encroachers and squatters included). This policy also applies to the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. 5 OP 4.09 Pest Management The objective of this policy is to promote the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. In Bank-financed agricultural operations such as small irrigated perimeters, pest populations are normally controlled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches. The policy further ensures that health and environmental hazards associated with pesticides are minimized. The procurement of pesticides in a Bank-financed project is contingent on an assessment of the nature and degree of associated risk, taking into account the proposed use and the intended user. The policy is triggered, even where the project does not envisage the procurement of pesticides. It should be noted that in the event of any disagreement between the WB safeguard policies and any existing environmental laws in Nigeria, the WB safeguards policies would prevail. Linkage with Other Safeguards Instruments This ESMP has been prepared in strict compliance with the ESMF instrument prepared and disclosed by the project and it also complements the Integrated Pest Management Plan of the CADP. Bio-physical & Socio-Economic Characteristic The area proposed for the implementation of the subproject has been an existing flat terrain of agricultural land, inundated with scattered shrubs and short trees, typical of savannah vegetation. Farming is the main stay economic occupation of communities around the area. Majority of the inhabitants are peasant farmers at individual levels, who depend mostly on government’s subsidy on agriculture, especially with regards to supply of fertilizers, to farm their small landholdings. The potential net volume of farm outputs from these small landholdings, however, is significant considering the vastness and fertility of soils in the area. Potential Environmental and Social Impacts The following impacts have been identified to be potentially associated with the proposed maize production subproject by the proponent: 1. Shallow Ground Water Contamination due to heavy leaching of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides 2. Depletion of Soil Nutrients due to Agricultural intensification 3. Air Pollution due to spray drift of chemicals (pesticides/herbicides) 4. Early crop infestations from insects (crickets; Termites) and stubborn weeds 6 Consultations with Stakeholders The CIG members engaged themselves under the facilitation of consultant for inputs and ownership of information through stakeholder consultation. The consultation sessions were conducted frequently on-farm and, on need basis, at SCADO. Feedbacks were recorded as inputs to the development of ESMP. During the engagement process all the identified impacts were shared amongst the CIG members and each contributed to the development of effective and realistic mitigation measures against the respective impacts. Major Concerns raised by the CIG members centered on lack of technical knowledge on standard procedures for fertilizer/pesticides application and how to do on-farm organic waste composting. To address these obstacles, the consultation sessions agreed that specific trainings on these topics be conducted for the farmers by the project office. 7 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The ESMP table below highlights the identified potential negative impacts with their respective mitigation measures, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the subproject implementation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures with costs. 8 No Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measure Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Costs and Source and Social Impact of Funds Identification 1. Risk of Shallow Ground - Proper application of chemical - Ensure farmers use CADA/CIGs/ During - Included in Water Contamination fertilizer/pesticides according standard procedures Farmers Fertilizer/Pesticides subproject budget due to heavy leaching to proper dosage and strict when applying application time of (labor, cost of of Chemical Fertilizers adherence to application fertilizer and crop cultivation fertilizer/pesticides and Pesticides procedure pesticides application) - Capacity building of Farmers on - Ensure training is SCADO Facilitator At least twice - Cost of training: the above issue particularly on conducted on Training annually N150,000 ratio of fertilizers to be used for standard procedures Maize, Rice APASO a particular type of crop and for fertilizer/pesticides (Agricultural also the time of its application application including: Productivity and and risks involved in negative Proper dosage, Advisory Services impacts connected to over use Application time, Officer of chemical fertilizers / Negative impacts of Pesticides overuse/misuse etc 2. Depletion of Soil - Incorporation of crop residues - Ensure farmers adopt - CADA/CIGs, - During farm - Included in Nutrients due to into the soil to replenish lost onsite (in-situ) farmers preparation at subproject Agricultural nutrients composting or - SCADO (APASO; the beginning of budget(farm intensification - Conduct Training on organic incorporation of plant EO; Training Fac.) the farming preparation) waste composting for farmers residue into the soil season - Cost of training: - Ensure training on - Once before N50,000 composting farming season techniques is done 3. Air Pollution due to - Use of personal protective - Ensure enough PPEs - CADA/CIGs, - Before start of N9,000 (3 sets of spray drift of chemicals equipments and clothing i.e. are procured for Farmers chemical spray PPEs) (pesticides/herbicides) hand-gloves, face mask and farmers and used - CADA/CIGs, operations boots - Ensure prevailing Farmers - During spray of - Spray of chemicals in suitable weather conditions - CADA/CIGs, pesticides and weather conditions (mild are considered when Farmers herbicides temperatures and higher spraying chemicals - During pesticide humidity) - Ensure used and herbicides 9 - Proper handling, storage and containers of application disposal of used containers of chemicals are properly period Agricultural chemicals disposed and all chemicals are handle and stored properly 4. Risk of early crop - Use of appropriate herbicides - Ensure that the - CADA/CIGs, - During pesticide Cost of Herbicide infestations from (Bullet) selected pesticide and Farmers and herbicides included in insects (crickets; herbicide are used application subproject budget Termites) and according to period stubborn weeds specifications and standards TOTAL N209,000.00 10 Institutional Arrangement for Implementing the ESMP Implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan entails Compliance monitoring of the mitigation measures in the subproject cycle. Implementation steps are (i) Notification and information disclosure (ii) Capacity Building and Training (iii) Documentation and (iv) Monitoring. Institutional responsibility for implementation of the proposed mitigation measures will be shared among the following stakeholders: Butu_Butu Maize Producers Association CIG, CADA, SCADO, Kano State Ministry of Environment, CADP National Coordinating Office & the World Bank). Thus the clear roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders would be as follows: 1. Farm Owners / Proponents: The CIG, as the subproject proponent, shall take the responsibility for physical implementation of the ESMP and ensuring that the implementations of the proposed activities are environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive. 2. SCADO’s Environmental & Social Safeguards Officer: He is responsible for supervision and support to the subproject proponent (i.e. to monitor the implementation of the ESMP); and to build the capacity of the proponent. 3. NGOs / CSOs: These would be responsible for ensuring continuous engagement and provision of feedback on the implementation of the ESMP by the proponent; participation in supervision missions and conducting third party / non-state actor monitoring as may be required. 4. State & Federal Ministries of Environment: They are responsible for state and federal level supervisions to ensure compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. 5. World Bank: The Bank would conduct supervision / oversight, ensure due diligence, provide technical support, conduct capacity building for environmental officer and the proponent, and coordinate engagement with the beneficiaries. 11 Capacity Building In order for the implementation team to ensure compliance with the ESMP, it is recommended that basic training on environmental management be conducted as an initial implementation activity. As can be seen in the above ESMP table, relevant trainings would be integral parts of implementing relevant mitigation measures. The trainings would target both executing CIG members, monitoring personnel of the SCADO, MoE and CADA. Specifically, the following trainings are recommended for the purpose of implementing this ESMP 1. Training on Proper application, storage and disposal of chemical fertilizer/pesticides according to proper dosage and strict adherence to application procedure 2. Training on organic waste composting for farmers The required activities for the trainings would include organising a 2-day field demonstration on simple organic waste composting and agro-chemical usage for a group of about 15 CIG members. This would also cover feeding and a token allowance for an agricultural extension agent from the state ADP office as resource person. It is therefore conservatively estimated that the training intervention would cost N200,000. Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting on Impacts The environmental monitoring and supervision program for the ESMP implementation will serve as an integral part of the operational activities of the KNSCADO and is expected to generate the requisite information for environmental management and environment information dissemination. It is anticipated that monitoring will be conducted regularly as indicated under the “Schedules” column in the ESMP table above. The executing CIG shall be responsible for recording and keeping information on the implementation of physical mitigation measures such as quantity, time and mode of fertilizer/herbicide application done. The SCADO Environment Officer shall be responsible for periodic supervision visits for compliance monitoring and reporting back to SCADO and the NCO/WB. 12 Conclusion and Recommendation Butu-Butu Dan Isa Maize Producers Association has planned to undertake a maize production subproject with a grant support from Kano State CADP. The proposed subproject involves the cultivation of 25 hectares of farmland in Butu-Butu village of Rimin Gado LGA, using hybrid maize seeds, chemical fertilizer, and herbicides. While the envisaged increase in the association’s maize production output will result in positive impacts on its members’ socio-economic status, there are potential adverse environmental and social impacts that can eclipse the positive ones if proper solutions are not implemented. This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is therefore developed to handle any associated or potential Environmental and Social Issues that might arise from the proposed maize production subproject. The envisaged significant adverse impacts include: Shallow Ground Water Contamination due to heavy leaching of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides; Depletion of Soil Nutrients due to Agricultural intensification; Air Pollution due to spray drift of chemicals (pesticides/herbicides); early crop infestations from insects (crickets, termites) and stubborn weeds. The impacts of fertilizers and pesticides are not likely to be limited to specific site. Hence the need to properly manage their use, which would be in accordance with the IPMP that was prepared by the project, thereby minimizing the adverse impacts on the environment to acceptable levels. 13