63226 The Global Facility for Disaster The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a Reduction and Recovery receives a solid major initiative launched in September financial commitment from the World 2006 that is designed to help meet the Bank and supporting donors towards global demand for increased investment in three-track operations to achieve its disaster prevention and mitigation. The development objectives at the global, GFDRR aims to boost national, regional regional and country levels. Track I is and global capacities to reduce disaster being managed by the UN/ISDR risk, particularly in low and middle- secretariat and targeting global and income countries at high risk of disasters. regional deliverables; Track II is being The GFDRR represents an important implemented by the World Bank, the new component of the architecture of the United Nations agencies, other IFIs and International Strategy for Disaster other development partners to provide Reduction (ISDR) system. The GFDRR technical assistance for targeted countries is supporting the ISDR System to catalyse to mainstream disaster risk reduction in global and regional partnerships towards strategic planning and development achieving some of the global and regional policies focusing on Poverty Reduction deliverables under the overall Hyogo Strategies (PRSs). Track III is being Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building developed, as a Standby Recovery the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Financing Facility (SRFF) for effective Disasters. mobilization of international disaster Photo: Christopher Black/Red Cross Red Crescent National Society /Mozambique Floods recovery assistance and to support preparedness activities. Building on Track disaster-stricken countries' immediate I deliverables namely the increased recovery needs before medium and long- commitment, knowledge, and identified term recovery programmes are needs and gaps, Track II will provide formulated and launched. targeted technical assistance to countries- in-demand for mainstreaming disaster The three tracks of GFDRR risk reduction in poverty reduction complement each other towards creating strategies and sectoral development an enabling environment at the global, policies. The Standby Recovery Financing regional and national levels for Facility under track III will support those mainstreaming disaster risk reduction countries, which have initiated disaster and reducing the vulnerabilities of prevention investments but have limited populations at risk from natural fiscal capacity to accelerate recovery calamities. Track I activities facilitate and operations without having to reallocate enhance partnership-building, advocacy earmarked development resources. towards increased political commitment Together, the three tracks of GFDRR will to disaster risk reduction networking, ensure a coherent approach to disaster and standardization of tools and reduction and recovery with progressive practices, which will all enable leveraging enhancement for national capacities country resources for ex-ante investment including human, financial, technical, and in prevention, mitigation and knowledge resources. Introduction GFDRR is designed to facilitate a Under Track II, multi-stakeholder coordinated approach among donors and consultation with national partners in implementing the Hyogo governments, UN, donors, regional Framework for Action through development Banks and regional mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in organizations have been launched in poverty reduction strategies targeting those Mozambique, Malawi, Nicaragua, countries identified as natural disaster Nepal and Vietnam to identify hotspots. strategic opportunities for making risk reduction a priority in national With initial contribution of US$5 million a development processes in these year from the World Bank's Development countries. Building on the ongoing Grant Facility (DGF) for global and country initiatives and critical regional partnerships under Track I, and the diagnostics of existing policies, support of the United Kingdom for country financing and institutional mechanism, programmes under Track II, this a common framework for integrating partnership for vulnerability reduction has risk reduction in country planning and made a beginning to engage with partners at investment framework is expected all levels to make a stronger case for disaster soon. Greater political and fiscal risk reduction as a core dimension of commitment to risk reduction at the sustainable development. ISDR as the key national level is one of the key partner under Track I is making significant outcomes of these collaborative efforts progress to engage with regional and sub- under Track II. Many Governments regional organizations in Africa, East Asia, have pledged their support for country South Asia, Central America, South Eastern level programmes under Track II, Europe, Pacific and the Middle East and which will now enable GFDRR to North Africa to strengthen regional continue to support national cooperation in risk mitigation, catastrophic governments, World Bank, UN and risk financing and adaptation to climate other development partners to launch change. Track I support is also helping in similar initiatives in more disaster- enhancing the global dialogue on risk prone countries, particularly in Africa, reduction with various stakeholders, Caribbean and the Pacific. This report particularly private sector, media networks, provides a broad direction of the academic and research organizations, as well expected strategic impact that as standardizing approaches and tools for GFDRR is making at all levels in risk identification, risk mitigation and risk disaster risk reduction towards financing in partnership with members of effective implementation of the Hyogo the ISDR system. Framework for Action (HFA). 4 Photo: Munich Re/China Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR Towards enhancing global advocacy, partnership and knowledge management for mainstreaming hazard risk management Photo: UN/ISDR Promoting and strengthening global partnership with the Private sector to enable targeted partnerships private investments in reducing risk, so as to (WB DGF: $ 250,000 in FY 2007) complement public and multilateral resources. The key to convincing the Partnerships with the Private Sector: private sector to invest in risk reduction is The World Economic Forum to establish the case for business (WEF), UN/ISDR secretariat, continuity in the face of natural hazard World Business Council for impact. An in depth analysis of cases for Sustainable Development, Swiss Re, business continuity and practices for Munich Re, Aga Khan reducing disaster risk is being jointly Development network, US developed by UN/ISDR secretariat with Homeland Security Department WEF and the World Bank. This has (Government of US) and Social been discussed with major private Accountability International (SAA corporate leaders at the World Economic Certification) and other businesses Forum meeting in Davos, January 2007 and their associations and the World to foster concrete opportunities for public- Bank have initiated a global private investments in risk reduction. 6 India: Public - Private sector dialogue on risk reduction: India public-private sector risk reduction dialogue held on the margins of the Disaster Management Congress of India in November 2006, had participation from over 60 leaders from private sector from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The meeting established substantive engagement between the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) and Multinational Corporations (MNCs) on sharing business practices across corporate sector and highlighted the needs for business continuity as the primary goal for private investments in risk reduction. The National Institute of Disaster Management, India, CII and FICCI are following up on implementing the recommendations of this conference. Partnership with the Media: awareness-raising on those issues. A The World Bank communication unit and global media network for disaster risk the UN/ISDR secretariat advocacy unit reduction is also proposed to strengthen are jointly leveraging media networks to global advocacy efforts in risk reduction. promote public awareness about how In addition, the GFDRR is supporting growing climate change is aggravating the production of a documentary on climate disaster risks. A media workshop on change to be broadcast by BBC in April disaster risk reduction is planned in 2007. The film is based on two locations: February 2007 in Washington DC, which Vietnam and Honduras (after Mitch) and will involve leading journalists from will show how countries are adapting various geographic locations to discuss themselves to climate change and are climate change adaptation and disaster reducing the impact of future disasters risk reduction issues and devise plans for triggered by natural hazards. 7 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR Partnership with Universities and networks into identifying current gaps in Research Organisations Network: higher education and research in disaster The UN/ISDR secretariat, and the risk reduction and for addressing these World Bank Institute (WBI) have gaps through pilot courses in disaster initiated a Global Partnership of risk reduction and developing an agenda Universities, Academic Institutions and for research. This universities network Research Organisations for Disaster will ultimately enhance the skilled Risk Reduction with selected universities manpower in the developing world by and research organizations from the mapping training capacities and needs North and the South working on and standardizing risk reduction training promoting disaster risk reduction modules. The network will focus on: (1) education, training and research. The learning processes: teaching, education first meeting for this network was and capacity development; (2) research: organized in December 2006 to facilitate undertaking it and sharing results; and the development of an indicative road (3) knowledge application: translating map for engaging the large number of science into implementation. research, academic and university Universities Network road map for enhancing knowledge and manpower for disaster risk reduction 1. Outlining the process of what partners will do in the next 6 months including defining the mapping criteria and data format for collection and eventual online posting. This will start immediately. 2. Mapping of networks (supply side) to identify nature and scope of existing networks. First draft to be ready by May 2007. 3. Mapping academic programmes to identify diploma and certificate programmes for practitioners. First draft to be ready by May 2007. 4. Producing interim report to be presented at a side meeting of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction in June 2007. 5. Developing a framework for mechanisms to sustain the network. 6. Demand -side mapping to be focused on a limited number of countries. Report to be ready by October 2007. 7. Meeting to prepare final report/workshop. A post graduate course in Disaster Reduction has been initiated in Madras University in India under this partnership. This course will be conducted in collaboration with the Middle Eastern Technical University in Turkey and Kyoto University in Japan, facilitated by the World Bank Institute. This course will introduce state of the art risk reduction training modules and course materials. 8 Towards standardization and harmonization of hazard risk management tools, methodologies and practices: Photo: Andrew MacColl/Red Cross Red Crescent National Society /Europe Floods Establishing a virtual clearinghouse for will expand the current ISDR e-library disaster risk reduction: http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib- (WB DGF: $ 400,000 in FY 2007) index.htm and provide discussion platforms to enhance knowledge A web portal "PreventionWeb" is being management and information flow with developed by the UN/ISDR secretariat, respect to disaster risk reduction, which in partnership with the Centre for is already in practice by administering Research on the Epidemiology of the Gender and Disasters Network. In Disasters (CRED), the Global Risk addition, the secretariat information Indexing Programme (GRIP), the management team is undertaking a International Recovery Platform (IRP), mapping exercise of disaster risk reduction the United Nations Environment institutions, thematic platforms and Programme (UNEP), Relief Web of the information resources to enhance the UN Office for Coordination of current ISDR database, which includes Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), and the more than 2000 organizations. The Centre for Disaster management of the Prevention Web will be the source for South Asian Association for Regional comprehensive disaster reduction Cooperation (SAARC). PreventionWeb information and will connect community 9 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR of practitioners to state of the art and regional partners to strengthen national knowledge and assist in standardization level capacities to apply environmental tools and of hazard management tools across the services for risk reduction. A joint paper on ISDR system partners. environment and disaster risk reduction has http://www.preventionweb.net/ been developed in consultation with ISDR Environment and Disaster Working Group Global Assessment Report: risk trends for discussion amongst partners and and progress in addressing disaster loss: Governments at a workshop planned (WB DGF: $ 225,000 in FY 2007) during the first session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction in The UN/ISDR secretariat, in June 2007. collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - Climate Change: A proposal to support GRIP, World Bank and UNEP-Global Least Developed Countries to develop disaster Resource Information Database risk reduction capacities through National (GRID), has initiated the development Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) of process of the Global Assessment Report. the United Nations framework Convention This report will be a valuable tracking on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is under tool for monitoring and reporting on development jointly by UN/ISDR progress on the implementation of the secretariat and UNFCCC. This proposal Hyogo Framework for Action. The aims at clarifying the roles of environmental Global report will integrate the processes management and disaster risk reduction in of national and regional reporting, data climate change adaptation. collation and archiving systems, analysis and assessment. This report will be HFA implementation guidelines for submitted to the Global Platform for member states: The UN/ISDR secretariat Disaster Risk Reduction and the UN has completed the policy guidance document General Assembly. For an outline of the on implementing the Hyogo Framework for report including preliminary table of Action "Words into Action", which is now contents see annex 1. published for wider consultation. This responds to the call from many Standardization of disaster risk reduction Governments and national focal points for tools and methodologies: (WB DGF: $ practical policy and operational guidance 420,000 in FY 2007) on how to transform the Hyogo Framework into effective operational Environment: The UN/ISDR secretariat procedures by the Government and builds is working with the United Nations on guidance of expertise of national Environment Programme (UNEP), the disaster management authorities. World Conservation Union (IUCN), and http://www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/docs/words- the United Nations University (UNU) into-action-consultation-draft.pdf 10 Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in poverty reduction and relevant sectoral development strategies Photo: Thorir Gudmundsson/Red Cross Red Crescent National Society /China Floods Linking Disaster Risk Reduction with reduction in areas and regions prone to planning and monitoring systems for multiple natural hazards. The World Poverty Reduction Bank's Poverty Reduction team (MDTF (DFID): $ 105,000 in FY 07-09) (PREM) is anchoring this effort. Projects in the immediate phase will This effort is ongoing and is supporting focus on following key areas: the development of a roadmap for an improved and more objective • Use of poverty mapping and understanding of how disasters impact Hotspots tool in investment planning poverty, how disaster vulnerability in countries prone to disaster risks: contribute to multi-dimensional poverty This project will develop innovative vulnerability, how disaster prevention and ways of combining the disaster preparedness programmes can prevent hotspots tool with Small-area loss of income, protect livelihoods and Estimation (SAE) poverty maps to ensure access to services, thus help guide investment planning for contributing to sustainable poverty disaster prevention and poverty 11 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR reduction. Poverty is embedded to in-depth analyses of country-specific some degree in the hotspots tool, in experiences we will provide guidance that mortality losses are likely to be for forward looking policy makers who greater where the housing stock and wish to design effective needs other infrastructure is of lower quality, identification and monitoring systems which is typically the case in poorer for disaster recovery management. areas. However, by revealing the spatial distribution of poverty, SAE Identification of Urban Disaster Risk poverty maps will make it easier to Hotspots and piloting disaster risks separate out the poverty element, and integration in city development strategies help identify the areas within disaster (MDTF (DFID): $ 150,000 in FY 07-09) hotspots where investments in prevention are likely to have the Two major research activities have been greatest impact on poverty reduction. initiated under Track 2 of the GFDRR on The project will develop several case urban disaster risks in very close studies, drawn from the subset of collaboration with the Joint Research countries that have both (a) an SAE Centre (JRC) of the European Union poverty map and (b) disaster hotspots (EU) in Ispra, Italy. At the global level, the data at a resolution sufficient to team has started the development of an support sub-national analysis1. The urban disaster risk index with an initial analysis will include simple visual review of hazard indices that have been correlation and more sophisticated used elsewhere. The goal is to utilize spatial econometric methods. hazard risk information, similar to that used • Using Data for Ex-Ante in the Hotspots work, to perform a first-cut Preparedness: Disaster management characterization and ranking of urban areas information systems are not hard to around the world according to risk of being set up. But in the aftermath of affected by various types of natural hazards. disasters, both time and money are At the local level, the project team has scarce resources and setting up these linked up with city governments to explore systems can become extraordinarily the use of very high-resolution remote difficult for countries struggling to sensing data for disaster risk assessment in cope with the crisis. Therefore, it is urban areas. Case studies will be conducted important to set up these systems in in Yemen and most likely Vietnam and the advance. This is a project seeking to Philippines, which will be embedded in city provide the analytical tools necessary development strategies. The Yemen case for enhancing national capacity for study will commence in February with a disaster preparedness. By conducting field visit. 1 Some of the disaster hotspots data is too coarse to support sub-national analysis. This is especially the case with drought data, and data for smaller countries 12 Red Cross Red Crescent National Society Photo: Cecilia Goin/ Institutional development for Disaster Land Management for Disaster Risk Risk Reduction Reduction and Recovery (MDTF (DFID): $ 50,000 in FY 07-09) (MDTF (DFID): $ 80,000 in FY 07-09) The study aims at critical review of The objective of the proposed study is to existing models of institutional explore the scope for propagating arrangements for disaster prevention and improved approaches to pre and post response by identifying the strengths and disaster land management with a view to weaknesses of basic organizational models both reducing the scale of future losses and legal mechanisms. It will offer and expediting recovery when disasters guidance to national governments and hit. The study is expected to span a other development partners on what type range of issues including land use, land of mechanisms and arrangements work tenure, land administration, land under specific conditions and will support development and acquisition and land their work on institutional aspects of reservation. This proposal will be disaster risk reduction. It will focus on converted to a Concept Note in February the applicability of the identified major 2007, after which the Terms of Reference organizational models taking into account for Consultancy Services will be the levels of centralization/ prepared. Consultants are expected to be decentralization, administrative mobilized before the end of June 2007. arrangements, and existing networks and capacities. The study will build on and consolidate the findings of recent and ongoing works of UN agencies, biletarls and INGOs in this area and will contribute to guidance to governments on effective institutional and legal mechanisms for disaster risk reduction. 13 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR Towards enhancing regional cooperation and programme development for disaster risk reduction: Photo: Till Mayer/Red Cross Red Crescent National Society /Pakistan earthquake Regional cooperation in Africa platforms for disaster reduction, (WB DGF: $ 350,000 in FY2007) ministries of finance, UN agencies, the World Bank, the African Union and The African Union Commission, the ISDR. Fourteen African Countries UN/ISDR secretariat, the World Bank namely, Congo, Gabon, Kenya, and African National Platforms for Uganda, Tanzania, Botswana, Burkina Disaster Reduction undertook a sub Faso, Niger, Madagascar, Ghana, regional and national level risk assessment Seychelles, Zambia, Burundi, and and costs of natural hazard impacts. This Nigeria participated in this workshop resulted in a series of national assessments and agreed to adopt a consultative undertaken by national Platforms, which approach to mainstreaming disaster risk are now being combined into Africa reduction (DRR) into Poverty regional risk benchmark. To ensure Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) in effective linkages with poverty reduction Africa. The following roadmap is strategies, the UN/ISDR regional outreach adopted by the national focal points in office in Africa organized a workshop in Africa and is currently under Nairobi in November 2006, which brought implementation. together government counterparts, national 14 Institutional mechanisms or arrangements to mainstream DRR in PRSPs in Africa: 1. The ISDR national platforms will identify the lead institutions and champions for the PRS process at the national level, 2. National disaster management focal points will strategically advocate for DRR during the initiation of the poverty assessment and at the review process (cycle) by working closely with those responsible, 3. Plan the mechanisms for the review, including DRR, targeted at specific sectors of the PRSP and the lead persons section by section, 4. The National Platform members will develop appropriate and effective advocacy tools (fact sheets on DRR, radio/TV talk shows), 5. Develop strategic alliances with those responsible for the PRS review process. Overcoming challenges in mainstreaming disaster risk reduction: 1. National Platforms face data and human resource capacity constraints, 2. GFDRR support to strengthen National Platforms by providing technical staff and risk assessments capacity to the African Union. Regional disaster risk reduction national governments, World Bank, S programme development in Sub-Saharan donors and other partners. The road map Africa for mainstreaming disaster reduction by (MDTF (DFID) $300,000 in FY 07-09) the ISDR National Platforms will be implemented under this initiative. In At the regional level in Sub-Saharan addition, good practice documentation Africa (SSA), at the end of the fiscal year on technical and legal assessment of (June 2007), a workshop will be building codes and urban disaster organized to review progress made by reduction practices from the region is national platforms in Disaster Risk ongoing. Before the end of June 2007, a Reduction and discuss how national report will be completed to outline the platforms could play an active role in risk profile of SSA (complementary to a mainstreaming disaster risk reduction current activity undertaken by ISDR) into National Poverty Reduction Plans and present the disaster risk reduction and Programmes. This will complement strategy for SSA, to be established in the activities/workshops organized by close coordination with the African ISDR, in close coordination with Union. 15 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR Regional cooperation in the Middle Integrating disaster risk reduction in city East and North Africa development strategies in Middle East (WB DGF: $ 200,000 in FY2007) and North Africa: (MDTF (DFID): $ 210,000 in FY 07-09) The UN/ISDR secretariat and the World Bank have jointly initiated a GFDRR is supporting at the piloting of process to strengthen disaster risk mainstreaming of hazard risk reduction reduction in the region, which includes strategies at city level, within the City risk assessment in socio-economic Development Strategy (CDS) framework. development planning and To date, two pilot cities (Sana'a in Yemen enhancement regional collaboration on and Anzali in Iran) have been selected for risk reduction. This process will the mainstreaming of disaster risk contribute to the development of a reduction plans into the CDS process. In strategic framework for disaster risk both cases, the CDS process is just reduction in the region in close starting. Collaboration has been initiated collaboration with the League of Arab with the government counterparts working Sates as the key regional on the Iran Urban Upgrading Project. intergovernmental organization, Dialogue with the municipality of Anzali national governments in the region and and relevant representatives of the technical and academic centres as the Government of Iran have been initiated on Ain Shams University in Egypt, the issues of city-level disaster risk reduction. Regional Disaster Management in In addition, Cities Alliance (CA) is Tunisia, the International Institute for expected to support documentation of this Earthquake Engineering and experience in the two pilot cities and later Seismology in Iran and the WHO- develop CDS guidelines for the disaster East Mediterranean Regional Office in risk reduction module, to be replicated to Egypt. A regional workshop in April other cities in different regions. 2007 will be held in Cairo, Egypt with the engagement of all stakeholders at Regional cooperation and programme the national and regional level to development in risk identification and risk discuss the needs and capacities and to reduction in Central America identify the priorities at the national • Partnership building and risk communication and regional levels towards developing (WB DGF: $ 200,000 in FY07) a regional cooperation framework on • Risk modelling and Mitigation strategy disaster risk reduction. Based on the development (DFID Track 2 $ 914,000 in FY outcomes of the workshop, a more in 07-09 for Nicaragua and Central America) depth risk assessment exercise will be undertaken to strengthen knowledge The World Bank in partnership with and capacities on disaster risk UN/ISDR secretariat, the Centre for reduction at the national level. Prevention of Disasters in Central 16 Red Cross Red Crescent National Society Photo: Cecilia Goin/ Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) Objective: To sensitise Governments in the region to the extent of their exposure to adverse natural events and create a tool to guide the design of comprehensive risk management strategies (supporting risk mitigation and risk financing). Outputs: (i) A detailed risk profile for each country, by type of risk, type of asset, and geographic location; (ii) A regional risk profile presented in the form of a risk atlas of the region's exposure to adverse natural events; (iii) An review of individual government's financial capacity to respond to disasters and a set of recommendations on opportunities for policy improvements; (iv) A review of private catastrophe insurance markets and a set of recommendations on opportunities for improvement; (v) A number of outreach activities on risk modelling and how it can support the development of risk mitigation and risk financing strategies, including several training workshop and a regional conference of disaster risk management. Impact on Government Finances and analysis of fiscal resilience by country: A series of training and discussion workshops facilitated by the ISDR will finalize the outcomes of the study and then disseminate to relevant government authorities for application of CAPRA loss module and impact on Government finances. Track I will primarily fund the workshops ensuring multi-stakeholder engagement while Track II will fund the consultancies to develop the risk modelling. America (CEPREDENAC), national an analysis by sector and geographic authorities and other partners have location. The study will make available initiated Central American Probabilistic to all member countries of the region a Risk Assessment (CAPRA) This entails 'Risk Atlas' showing potential losses, a regional risk modelling study aimed at indicating the potential financial impact guiding risk mitigation and risk of disasters on the budgets of the Central financing initiative throughout the American countries. CAPRA will help region. The study will rely on advanced provide political and fiscal incentives to probabilistic modelling techniques. national and local governments to invest Hazards to be analysed will include in ex ante risk mitigation. excess rainfall (which can result in floods and landslides), excess wind and In addition to the analysis and atlas, the earthquakes. Assets exposed to these tools and supporting data developed hazards will be categorized to allow for under this programme will provide the 17 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR affected countries with a risk and Building local level risk management capacities hazard analysis baseline and in East Asia and Pacific analytical tools for future evaluations (MDTF (DFID): $ 280, 000 in FY 07-09) and assessments of risk mitigation and financing strategies. The At the regional level, a virtual network of findings of the various studies will disaster risk reduction professionals in the East be presented to key stakeholders in Asia region will be developed. Other ongoing the region. A conference that activities include sub-national disaster risk presents results of the study will be preparedness in Philippines in support of organized in Nicaragua. mainstreaming disaster risk management in city development strategies, and in Indonesia, • Piloting El Nino vulnerability reduction possible partnering with UNDP for its safer programme in Latin America and the communities programme. Caribbean (LAC) (MDTF (DFID): $ 230,000 in FY 07- Regional cooperation and programme 09) development in South Asia GFDRR is supporting the region to • Partnership building and risk communication (WB pilot an El Niño Vulnerability DGF: $ 200,000 in FY2007) Reduction Programme (PREVEN) • Risk modelling and Mitigation strategy in Peru, which will be a fund to development promote investments in disaster risk (MDTF (DFID) $ 300,000 in FY 07-09) reduction. Track 2 funds will assist the Peruvian government with the At the regional level, a comprehensive Disaster necessary technical assistance for a) risk reduction Programme was launched in the establishment of the Fund for the December 2006 aimed at increasing the resilience Promotion of Disaster Risk of countries to disasters while decreasing Management Investments underlying risk factors and vulnerabilities. A (PREVEN), b) the institutional workshop on Hazards of Nature, Risks and diagnostic of the Multi-Sectoral Opportunities for Development in South Asian Committee for the National Study of Countries "Learning the Lessons from Past Disasters the El Niño Phenomenon - Preparing for the Future" was held in New Delhi (ENFEN), c) technical assistance for in December 2006. The workshop, which was the preparation of the mitigation jointly organized by the Independent Evaluation measures, and d) assistance to Group of the World Bank, the World Bank leverage El Niño risk. Lessons from Institute, the Indian National Institute of this pilot will feed into a larger Disaster Management, and the UN/ISDR region-wide initiative for El Nino secretariat, brought together senior Government Vulnerability reduction. officials responsible for disaster risk management 18 Red Cross Red Crescent National Society Photo: Thorir Gudmundsson/ from eight South Asian countries: India, the World Meteorological Organization Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, (WMO). SEERMI aims at reducing the Maldives, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. vulnerability of the countries of South Following a review of lessons from Eastern Europe to the risks of disasters. reconstruction of the past recent major This initiative will form the foundation for disasters, a South Asia Regional Risk regional and country specific investment Mitigation Programme is being developed. priorities (projects) in the area of early The regional strategy and the high level warning, disaster risk reduction and commitments by national governments will financing and thereby catalyse additional catalyse increased investments in risk investments in risk mitigation by national reduction in the region. This strategy will governments, Council of Europe Bank and also establish the analytical basis for World Bank sectoral lending. This mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into initiative will form the foundation for regional CASs and PRSPs. The programme and country specific investment priorities comprises of three pillars: (a) the (projects) in the area of early warning, disaster preparation of a regional Disaster risk risk reduction and financing. SEERMI reduction Strategy (b) Knowledge Sharing focuses on: (i) hydro meteorological and Dissemination Activities, and (c) forecasting, data sharing and early Capacity Building for regional staff on warning; (ii) coordination of disaster disaster risk reduction. mitigation, preparedness, and response; and (iii) financing of disaster losses, Regional cooperation and programme reconstruction and recovery, and disaster development in Europe and Central Asia risk transfer (disaster insurance). The (ECA) initiative will build on the cooperation already existing in the region, and will • Partnership development and risk complement and consolidate the activities communication promoted by the EU, the Council of (WB DGF: $ 200,000 in FY 07) Europe, the UN, the Stability Pact, the • Risk assessment, risk mitigation and risk Civil Military Emergency Planning financing programme Council for the South Eastern Europe (MDTF (DFID) $ 235,000 in FY 07-09) (CMEPC) to promote more effective disaster mitigation, preparedness and The World Bank, the European response. Track I will support the technical Commission (Stability Pact), Council of consultancies required to undertake the Europe Bank, USAID and UN/ISDR comprehensive risk assessment while Track secretariat are jointly supporting the South II will support the downstream programme Eastern Europe Disaster Risk Management development. Initiative (SEERMI) in collaboration with 19 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR Towards making disaster risk reduction a national development priority in natural disaster hotspot countries: Photo: Munich Re/India GFDRR provides technical assistance to small island countries and fragile states low and middle income countries in whose development are at risk from the natural disaster hotspots to mainstream recurrence of multiple natural hazards, disaster risk reduction in strategic and new Country Assistance Strategies planning documents, particularly the (CASs), PRSPs, UNDAFs and Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSs) and National Adaptation Plans of Action sectoral development policies2. (NAPAs) are in pipeline. Assistance provided over a 3-year programming cycle is demand driven, In the immediate phase (fiscal year 07- based on needs identified in consultation 09) with UK-DFID assistance, five with Governments and other focus countries namely; Mozambique, development partners. Preferences is Malawi, Nicaragua, Nepal and Vietnam given to countries with higher GDP have been identified based on the extent ratios at risks (see Annex 2 for a ranking, of GDP in areas at risks. The World based on the "hotspots" study), as well as Bank and other development partners 2 Global Scale Risk Analysis:Natural Disaster Hotspots( World Bank and Columbia University ); visit http://www.geohotspots.worldbank.org 20 have launched a government-led The Central Committee for Flood and Storm consultation processes in these Control is a cross ministerial agency countries to assess the effectiveness of established in 1990 to strengthen existing mechanisms for risk reduction institutional coordination especially in the and identify strategic opportunities for area of emergency response and long-term making risk reduction a priority in reconstruction and recovery. It also national development processes. It is provides overall strategic, policy and also expected to develop a common technical guidance for implementation of framework to catalyse investments in the Natural Disaster Risk Management disaster mitigation and emergency Project preparedness. Brief description of ongoing activities in these countries is The Natural Disaster Mitigation Partnership presented in following paragraphs. is a joint Government/donor initiative. The second phase of the NDMP, which Vietnam commenced in 2006, is supported by the (MDTF (DFID) - TA $ 914,000 in FY 07-09) following donors: UNDP, the Netherlands, AusAID, Luxembourg, and For Vietnam, the World Bank task SIDA. The Partnership aims to regularly team conducted a mission in January share information between donors and 2007, and met with government government, facilitate policy dialogue, officials, UN agencies and the donor identify prioritise and make community. The mission held recommendations on the allocation of meetings with donor community public resources as well as resources representatives and government available form the international counterparts, including the National community. The partnership has a full- Committee for Flood Control and time secretariat. Storm Prevention (NCFCSP), the Ministry of Construction (MOC), the The Vietnam Natural Disaster Risk CPU of the Natural Disaster Risk Management Programme, an adjustable Management Programme, the programme credit (APC), funded by the Ministry of Natural Resources and World Bank, the Japanese Government, Environment (MONRE) and the Netherlands, AusAID and the representatives of AusAID, DFID, Government of Vietnam. The programme the Netherlands and UNDP. The provides a very comprehensive framework meetings provided the mission with for disaster management with components the opportunity to identify the broad including: prevention and mitigation and full range of activities already on- investments; community-based disaster going in Vietnam. Among the more risk management; post-disaster visible and impacting on-going actions reconstruction support and institutional are: strengthening. 21 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR The (draft) National Strategy for Natural comprehensive initiative provided a plan Disaster Prevention, Control and for the mobilization of all agencies and Mitigation, 2020, which provides the resources available within the emergency framework for government action at the management structure for the conduct of national level as regards natural disaster emergency preparedness, response and prevention and mitigation. This strategy recovery operations, no matter what the is anticipated to be finalized and adopted cause, but with particular reference to formally by the government in the first emergencies caused as a result of storms quarter of 2007. and flooding. The project also included significant community based initiatives. The Index Based Flood Insurance pilot project, funded by the World Bank and The Asian Development Bank, together the Asian Development Bank, provides a with the Netherlands is currently potential model for the use of financial preparing to finance a Proposed Integrated instruments to transfer disaster related Rural Development Project in Central risk financing to the private sector. Provinces that amongst other things Agriculture dominates household income would focus on coastal zone development in Vietnam with 90% of the poor and (a preparation mission is scheduled for 80% of households dependent upon January 17 -30, 2007), which would agriculture. Natural disaster risks include disaster management strategies impact rural households and are and related capacity building in up to 22 considered an impediment to financial coastal provinces. The Netherlands has market development. The Index Flood previously financed a smaller Integrated Insurance pilot can protect households Coastal Zone Management Project from weather related risk, with the model covering three provinces: Nam Dinh in being easily measurable, objective, the North, Hue in the centre, and Vung transparent, independently verifiable, and Tau in the South. able to be reported in a timely manner and is stable over time. Importantly for UNDP carried out a Community Based Vietnam and for the GFDRR, the pilot Disaster Risk Reduction initiative in five project can facilitate market-based risk communes in Binh Dinh Province and transfer products and has the potential to two wards in Danang. This focused on be transferable to other applications, such grass roots development and building as disaster risk financing of other risks capacity in local institutions. beyond flooding, extension to new hazards and extension to other regions. Initial Proposals: Taking account of the The AusAid funded project for Integrated suggestions received the mission team Disaster Risk Management (IDRM) for developed the following initial proposals Quang Ngai Province. This that were discussed and agreed with the 22 Red Cross Red Crescent National Society Photo: Christopher Black/ Main Findings: The following summarizes some of the main findings and convergence of ideas that emerged from the mission: • The available funding is limited and as a result will not be used for financing infrastructure or other large ticket items. Rather, the funds will be used for the purpose of filling in some of the gaps in the current framework and on-going actions, where leverage can be found and value can be added. This means limiting the focus to technical assistance, which could include: possible research and knowledge management; focusing on a particular type of disaster (such as flooding); or concentrating on a limited geographical area. The emphasis will be on complimenting efforts that are already under way, or are planned for the near future. • The need to develop private sector financial instruments, such as insurance products, is considered an area where more work needs to be done. To that end, the index- based flood insurance pilot warrants additional support. • Using the resources to focus on knowledge management and the dissemination of good practice in disaster mitigation at the provincial, district and community level was also identified as a potential priority, together with improving monitoring and evaluation capacity of disaster mitigation, recovery and reconstruction activities. • Related to the above, it was also suggested that the funds could be used to support policy development as well as to improve capacity and improvement of skills in the area of post-disaster assessments. • A common suggestion was to consider focusing on the provincial and/or regional level. The National Strategy will need to be translated to the sub-national level (provinces, districts and communes) and guidelines prepared for its implementation. To that end, it was suggested that some emphasis could be placed on developing regional/provincial risk profiles, risk mapping, mainstreaming risk reduction into urban planning and the improvement of building codes. • The need to increase awareness at the community level in the areas of disaster preparedness and response was repeatedly identified as a priority. • The improvement of early warning systems and communications infrastructure was another area identified as possible priority, particularly in areas vulnerable to flash floods and for the fishing community, which is most vulnerable to the regular typhoons. • Another common suggestion was that the funds could be used to facilitate implementation of the Natural Disaster Risk Management Project. Some of the specific suggestions mirror others that were considered more broadly, such as: (i) improving the link between the national level infrastructure planning and community planning and preparedness; (ii) how to better operationalise the quick-disbursing mechanism for post-disaster reconstruction, perhaps making it more like an insurance fund; and (iii) improving the prioritization process of infrastructure investments, and in particular improving the cooperation between the members of the NCFCSP. Related, it was also indicated that work could be done to improve cooperation at the level of the National Partnership and in mainstreaming risk reduction at the line-ministry level. 23 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR NCFSFC and donor representatives. (b) Develop at least one typical The first three themes have the highest Provincial Strategy for Natural priority and will receive more detailed Disaster Prevention, Control and consideration. Topics included under Mitigation to complement the "Others" are important but it is likely National Strategy to 2020 that is that they can be effectively addressed in expected to be approved by March the near future by other initiatives for 2007; which funds are already available. (c) Increase awareness and disseminate good practice amongst the population 1. Insurance Theme in high risk provinces with a focus on (a) Support the on-going Index Based the development of disaster Flood Insurance Pilot Project being preparedness and response plans jointly supported by ADB and the developed on a participatory basis World Bank. Consideration to be from the commune level upwards - given to identifying other disaster this to include the development of an related risks that could be effective communications strategy to appropriately addressed by private promote community awareness. sector insurance companies; 2. Sub-National Government Capacity 3. Infrastructure Theme Building Theme (a) Building codes - assess their (a) Assess the lessons learned and effectiveness for wind resistance and disseminate practice from the Quang flood damage avoidance (by carrying Ngai Integrated Disaster Risk out flood mapping in risk areas) and Management Project, the measures that could be taken to Netherlands funded Integrated ensure they are implemented - Coastal Zone Management Project in different strategies for different Nam Dinh, Hue and Vung Tau and sectors of society i.e. government the UNDP Community Based funded public buildings (hospitals, Disaster Risk Reduction Initiative in schools, storm shelters etc); private Binh Dinh and Danang. buildings in urban areas (architects, Consideration to be given to contractors and their clients); and the deepening the Disaster Risk rural population, many of whom self Management capacity in Nam Dinh, build. This work could include an Hue and Vung Tau Provinces which assessment of the "flood resistant" could subsequently serve as nodes of housing initiative carried out by expertise in the planned MOC. UNDP is currently ADB/Netherlands Coastal Zone providing some technical assistance Project that is currently being on building codes. prepared; 24 Photo: UN/ISDR/Latin America Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR 4. Other Topics Malawi (a) Early warning systems: Many (MDTF (DFID) - TA $ 914,000 in FY 07-09) counterparts identified this as a high priority issue. However, the In Malawi, consultations are ongoing NDRMP includes significant with national government counterparts funding, both for the procurement and other development partners to of equipment and for technical determine current status of risk assistance. management practices and effectiveness (b) Improve of risk reducing policies and strategies. methodologies/procedures for post The PRSP from 2002 includes a disaster damage assessment and section on Improving Disaster cost estimates and develop Management, comprising monitoring and evaluation systems. strengthening disaster preparedness, This will be comprehensively ensuring effective disaster relief, and addressed by the NDRMP. facilitating post-disaster reconstruction (c) Improve operationalisation of the and recovery. Based on these NDRMP's quick-disbursing consultations, a common plan of action mechanism for post disaster for utilization of GFDRR grants to reconstruction. This too will be enhance national capacities for disaster covered by the NDRMP. risk reduction will be developed by the (d) Develop improved end of February. methodologies/procedures for prioritising competing risk Activities under consideration: 1) reduction investments across Establish a core team of Bank staff in sectors and localities. This is a each country who are involved related broad issue that needs to be activities; 2) Feed into core World addressed for all forms of capital Bank country activities, including the investment e.g. deciding on mainstreaming the issues of disaster priorities for inclusion in the management and mitigation, risk SEDP. reduction, preparedness and recovery (e) Drought - identify risk areas and strategy preparation etc into country develop alleviation measures on processes including specifically the which the Mekong Rivers preparation of the Malawi CAS; 3) Commission is doing some work. Establish the current situation- (f) Identifying locations where initiatives of other donors and landslides and flash floods could development agencies including UN, pose a high risk and develop private sector and NGOs; 4) Prepare a possible mitigation measures. formal project concept note for UNDP is providing assistance on discussion with partners and clients; 5) this in Lao Cai. Detailed project design; and 6) Project 26 Photo: Red Cross Red Crescent National Society implementation. Project ideas include contingency plan for natural disasters weather risk management, contingency and (ii) strengthen the capacity of the planning, and strengthening the National Meteorological Institute in national meteorological service. Project terms of predicting extraordinary implementation begins 1 March 2007. weather patterns. The most recent progress report was published on June Ongoing projects in disaster reduction 7, 2005. Based on these consultations, a Ongoing initiatives include piloting common plan of action for utilization of various instruments to reduce Malawi's GFDRR grants to enhance national severe exposure to weather risk, capacities for disaster risk reduction including maize price risk hedging on will be developed by the end of the SAFEX market, micro-level February. weather insurance, macro level weather insurance products. 2. Government of Activities under consideration: Malawi is discussing with the World Establish a core team of World Bank Bank a Sector Wide Approach staff in each country who are involved (SWAPs) to include risk management related activities; 2) Feed into core strategy formulation, contingency Bank country activities, including the planning and weather risk management mainstreaming the issues of disaster etc management and mitigation, risk reduction, preparedness and recovery Mozambique strategy preparation etc into country (MDTF (DFID) - TA $ 914,000 in FY 07-09) processes including specifically the preparation of the Mozambique In Mozambique, consultations are Country Partnership Strategy; 3) ongoing with national government Establish the current situation- counterparts and other development initiatives of other donors and partners to determine current status of development agencies including UN, risk management practices and private sector and NGOs; 4) Prepare a effectiveness of risk reducing policies formal project concept note for and strategies. In the 2004 CAS, discussion with partners and clients; 5) natural hazards are cited as a risk to Detailed project design; and 6) Project achieving development goals, with some implementation. Project ideas include risk mitigation activities listed. The weather risk management, contingency next CAS is scheduled to go to the planning, and strengthening the Bank's Board on 3/15/07. The PRSP national meteorological service. Project was issued in 2001 and mentions implementation begins 1 March 2007. vulnerability to natural disasters. Actions to be taken include (i) promote and coordinate the establishment of a 27 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR Nepal to strengthening the country's disaster (MDTF (DFID) - TA $ 914,000 in FY 07-09) prevention programmes, preparedness, and response capacities. A World Bank mission team undertook a mission in Kathmandu from January There was appreciation, especially from 29 through February 1, 2007. The government counterparts in the mission objectives included: (i) taking Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of stock of existing hazard risk mitigation Water Resources, and Ministry of initiatives and programmes in Nepal; Physical Planning and Works of the and (ii) the development of strategic funds being made available through recommendations on priority areas for GFDRR and the World Bank's the Multi-Donor Trust Fund (TF). engagement in this area. There was a During the mission, the team met with strong interest in the continued government counterparts (Ministry of engagement towards a long-term risk Finance, Ministry of Home Affairs, management agenda. Based on the Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry team's assessment and consultations of Physical Planning and Works), that took place, the following focus leading NGOs and research areas were identified to be supported by organizations (Oxfam, the National GFDRR: Society for Earthquake Technology (NSET), National Centre for Disaster 1. National Hazard Risk Assessment: Management (NCDM), the Some geological and hydrological International Centre for Integrated risk assessment studies have been Mountain Development [ICIMOD], undertaken in the country mapping donor partners (UNDP, JICA). The vulnerabilities at the district, city, mission also had a consultation meeting and state levels. Lacking, however, with the World Bank Country Director is one unifying, comprehensive, and in addition to a roundtable discussion up-to-date study quantifying the with representatives of Government, country's risks in terms of economic donor agencies, and NGOs. losses. Therefore, the National Hazard Risk Assessment would Nepal boasts a notable cadre of build upon previous work to present individuals and organizations an economic analysis of Nepal's committed to disaster management. disaster risks, identify exposures and Many initiatives have been developed vulnerabilities at a sub-national in the realm of mitigation and scale, map high-risk geographic preparedness with NGOs such as the regions, and develop detailed loss National Centre for Disaster probability models for the country. Management and the National Society The findings of this activity would for Earthquake Technology dedicated create the basis for incorporating 28 Red Cross Red Crescent National Society Photo: Marko Kokic/ appropriate risk-reduction strategies management programmes, and a and prioritising them into the number of other initiatives. With country's development planning. funding being scarce, however, further expansion requires 2. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods additional resources. This activity (GLOF) Study: The Himalayas are will thus help in expanding NSET's highly vulnerable to GLOFs programmes into other vulnerable causing enormous devastation as districts. Core activities will include they occur rapidly with little lead- retrofitting vulnerable school time for warning, transporting buildings using traditional and low- considerable water and debris at a cost technology solutions, high velocity. Nepal's Ministry of strengthening the enforcement and Environment, Science, and monitoring of the use of building Technology, in collaboration with codes by training of masons and ICIMOD has completed an initial other construction workers, and assessment that has identified 20 support the improvement of large glacial lakes in Nepal that are awareness of issues relating to at potential risk of GLOF. This earthquake risk. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods Study would build upon previous 4. Review of Nepal's Emergency work in identifying and prioritising Response Capacity: Repeated lakes that will require further concerns have been echoed of the attention, areas for future risk need for a more detailed review of mitigation measures, and gaps Nepal's emergency response system related to GLOF management. in the event of a major catastrophic event. This activity would engage 3. Earthquake Safety Programme: The emergency managers and specialists National Society for Earthquake in reviewing the country's current Technology (NSET), a national disaster response capacity multidisciplinary organization based including an inventorying of in Kathmandu, is involved in physical capabilities, available programmes centred on earthquake response resources, and subsequent risk awareness generation and gaps. It would also include an implementation of seismic risk assessment of response plans and reduction projects. In conjunction logistics, the development of with the Government, NSET has recommendations, and priorities for developed a school earthquake safety future development. programme, training initiatives for masons and other construction 5. Knowledge Sharing Activities for workers, municipal disaster Mainstreaming disaster risk 29 Key areas of progress and expected outcomes against stated objectives of GFDRR reduction into the Development 6. Other Advisory Services: This area Process: This activity would provides flexibility for demand- allow for timely initiatives for based advisory services such as the disseminating research engagement of flood experts helping information and integrating the government engage in dialogue disaster risk reduction into on the development of flood Nepal's three year interim plan, forecasting and warning systems, Bank operations, and government and the monitoring and evaluation programmes. of the project. Selection of countries for FY 08 and 09 In order to ensure full ownership of the national governments, consultations have already been initiated with key development partners to identify priority countries in natural disaster hotspots of the world from the last attached at annex 2. Preferences will be given to countries with high GDP at risks ratios, as well as small island countries and fragile states whose development are at risk from the recurrence of natural hazards, and have CASs and/or PRSPs in the pipeline. Next Consultative Group meeting in February 2007 will approve a list of priority countries for fiscal year 2008 and 2009. 30 GFDRR Standby Recovery Financing Facility TRACK III Track III (as stipulated in the GFDRR In the immediate phase, SRFF through Charter) serves to provide a speedy, a multi-donor trust fund, will make predictable and effective mechanism for available Technical Assistance for rapid supporting recovery in low-income disaster recovery mobilization to support countries that have been affected by an integrated, international approach to disaster[s], before formulating and disaster recovery by refining and launching medium- and long-term integrating (i) pre-disaster planning and recovery programmes and following the agreements, (ii) tools and guidelines for humanitarian phase of the disasters. This recovery interventions, (iii) disaster track is deployed to mobilize damage and needs assessments, (iv) international recovery assistance and to strengthening of recovery mechanisms support low-income countries that have and institutions; and (v) callable fund. initiated disaster prevention investments, The meeting of the Consultative Group have limited fiscal space, and may to be held in February 2007 is expected require additional resources for to discuss and endorse the scope of accelerated recovery without having to SRFF. reallocate earmarked development resources to recover from disasters when they do occur. 31 Annex I: Progress in implementing HFA and risk trends Part I: Recent Experience Of Disasters Summary Of Disasters 2005-2007 2 - Trends in the statistics (social and economic; by region and hazard) - Regional experience - Special reports on event losses and impacts - Lessons from the Indian Ocean tsunami - Role of climatic changes Part II: Patterns and trends in disaster risk - Global overview - Summary by hazard - Assessing vulnerability to hazards - Summary by region; hotspots - Trends in data sets - Risk and its role in development - National capacities to monitor and assess disaster risks - Special topics Part III Progress on tackling and reducing disaster risks - Recognition and action at political level - Institutionalisation at national level - Introduction of risk reduction into development processes and sectors - Progress on reporting and indicators - Regional summaries Africa Americas Asia and the Pacific [or other subdivisions] - Summary and report sheet for the five priority areas for action National/local priority and institutions Risks and early warning Knowledge innovation, education Underlying risks Disaster preparedness for response Trends in resources application to disaster risk reduction Strengthened institutions for coordination and support 32 Part IV: Conclusions and recommendations These will be shaped by the results of the report, but it is proposed that they be arranged around a set of key policy-relevant questions such as: - Over the period 2005-2007, what are the main trends and lessons in disaster risk reduction? - Do the assessments and recommendations of the WCDR remain valid as the standard for action today? - Have national, regional and international organizations mobilized effectively to implement the Hyogo Framework? - Has the Hyogo Framework become an influential guide for non-governmental organizations - civil society, private sector, and communities? - What are the main gaps and shortcomings in implementing the Hyogo Framework? - What key actions or corrections are necessary to accelerate the implementation of the Hyogo Framework and the reduction of disaster risk? Annex: National level summary tables The format and content of the tables remain to be decided. Most likely they will include internationally available statistical data on disasters, losses and disaster risk, along with voluntary inputs on key elements like existence of legislation, national platforms, budgets, etc, and basic developmental data such as population, GDP per capita, and human development index. 33 Annex 2 Pipeline PRSs/CASs/UNDAFs in Natural Disaster Hotspot countries with more than 30% GDP in areas at risks due to two or more hazards Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Amount in million $ Name of the donor Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 1 El Salvador 88.7 95.4 96.4 16 Progress 2007 Report 08/30/2007 2 Jamaica 94.9 96.3 96.3 8 Progress 2007 Report 03/27/2007 3 Dominican Rep 87.2 94.7 95.6 19 Progress 2007 Report 07/12/2007 4 Guatemala 52.7 92.1 92.2 27 Progress 2005 Report 01/11/2007 5 Korea, Rep of 82.8 92.2 91.5 680 6 Vietnam 33.2 75.7 89.4 45 Vietnam 5 Country 2006 DFID part 0.91 year SEDP Partnership and JSAN 2006 Strategy 12/05/2006 01/23/2007 7 Albania 86.4 88.6 88.5 8 2006 8 Costa Rica 51.9 84.8 86.6 18 Progress 2008 Report 11/30/2006 9 Colombia 21.2 84.7 86.6 97 CAS 2008 09/27/2007 10 Bangladesh 71.4 83.6 86.5 57 2006 11 Philippines 50.3 81.3 85.2 86 2005 12 Turkey 73 80.9 83.3 302 CAS 2006 06/07/2007 13 Trinidad 66.7 82.4 83.1 13 CAS 2008 and Tobago 07/01/2008 14 Guam 83.6 84.5 82.6 1 15 Antigua and 53.4 80.4 80.4 1 Barbuda 16 Barbados 79.9 79.9 79.9 1 17 San Marino 66.7 55.3 73.1 1 18 Ecuador 24.4 73.6 72.2 30 CAS 2007 06/07/2007 34 Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Amount in million $ Name of the donor Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 19 Mexico 15.9 68.2 71.1 676 CAS 2008 02/28/2008 Progress Report 02/06/2007 20 Dominica 68.3 67 68.3 1 Progress Report 06/26/2007 21 Nicaragua 21.6 68.7 67.9 4 Progress Report CAS 2008 DFID full 0.91 04/19/2007 09/13/2007 22 Chile 5.2 64.9 67.7 94 CAS 2008 02/27/2007 23 Iran, I. R. of 31.7 69.8 66.5 163 CAS (FY07 2005 Joint IFC) 06/14/2007 24 Venezuela 4.9 61.2 65.9 109 Interim CAS 2008 02/13/2007 25 Uzbekistan 9.3 65.6 65.5 12 PRSP Interim 2005 12/10/2007 Strategy Note 07/27/2006 26 St Kitts and 0.01 52.8 64.9 1 Nevis 27 Jordan 13.7 64.9 64.7 11 2008 28 Argentina 1.8 57.4 63.2 152 29 South Africa 8.6 56.4 62.4 213 Country 2007 Partnership Strategy 01/18/2007 30 Tunisia 30.4 64.1 62.4 28 Progress 2007 Note 04/03/2007 31 Indonesia 11.5 67.4 62.3 258 FY07-08 2006 CAS Progress Report 10/05/2006 35 Annex 2 Pipeline PRSs/CASs/UNDAFs in Natural Disaster Hotspot countries with more than 30% GDP in areas at risks due to two or more hazards Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Amount in million $ Name of the donor Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 33 China 13.1 49.8 56.6 1649 2006 34 Honduras 19 56 56.5 7 Progress CAS 2007 Report 11/07/2006 02/01/2007 35 Haiti 44.4 47.9 56 4 Full PRSP Interim 10/26/2007 Strategy Note 01/25/2007 36 Uruguay 3 55 55 13 Progress 2007 Report 05/31/2007 37 Peru 4 41.5 53.7 68 CAS 2006 12/19/2006 38 Liechtenstein 53.9 45.9 53.6 1 39 Kyrgyz Rep 8.3 51.3 53.4 2 CAS 2005 04/19/2007 40 Montserrat 50.3 50.3 50.3 1 41 Romania 37.4 45.8 50.3 73 2005 42 India 22.1 47.7 49.6 692 Progress 2008 Report 03/13/2007 43 Algeria 3.1 49.3 48.3 85 CAS 2007 01/15/2008 44 Niue 48.1 48.1 48.1 1 45 Cyprus 50.4 60.5 47.4 15 46 Andorra 43.5 19.4 45 1 47 Paraguay 2 45.6 42.9 7 Progress 2007 Report 04/30/ 2007 48 Azerbaijan 15.6 42.3 42.4 9 PRSP CAS 2005 03/15/2007 12/07/2006 49 Pakistan 9 40.1 41.6 96 Progress Report 2004 03/29/2007 50 St Vincent 41.6 41.6 41.6 1 51 Georgia 4.4 40.5 41 5 2006 52 Macedonia, FYR38.8 29.6 38.7 5 CAS 2005 02/28/2007 36 Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Amount in million $ Name of the donor Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 53 Tajikistan 4.1 38.2 38.3 2 Progress Report 2005 JSA 2 - 02/22/2007 54 Bolivia 1 36.6 37.7 9 Interim 2008 Strategy Note 11/21/2006 55 Mozambique 0.01 1.9 37.3 6 JSAN of PARPA 2 CAS 2007 DFID full 0.91 12/19/2006 03/20/2007 56 Djibouti 1.9 31.7 35.3 1 2008 57 Cambodia 9.1 31.3 34.5 5 PRSP Progress 2006 03/01/2007 Report 05/30/2007 58 Morocco 3.4 30.4 33.4 50 2007 59 Bulgaria 29.3 31.6 30 24 60 Nepal 80.2 97.4 <30 7 Progress Report Progress 2008 DFID full 0.91 12/07/2006 Report 02/08/2007 61 Burundi 96.3 96.6 <30 1 Full PRSP 2008 02/08/2007 62 Malawi 70.8 95.3 <30 2 4th APR JSAN CAS 2007 DFID full 0.91 & PRSP II 01/30/2007 01/09/2007 63 Niger 14.4 76.4 <30 3 Full PRSP 2 CAS 2004 07/12/2007 02/27/2007 64 Ethiopia 29.9 69.3 <30 8 Full PRSP CAS 2007 01/09/2007 01/09/2007 65 Kenya 29 63.4 <30 16 Progress Report CAS 2004 12/14/2006 12/11/2007 Progress Report 01/18/2007 66 Burkina Faso 35.1 61.7 <30 5 PRSP PR #6 Progress 2006 04/12/2007 Report 06/28/2007 67 Bhutan 31.2 60.8 <30 1 2008 68 Madagascar 15.7 56 <30 4 Progress Report CAS 2005 07/26/2006 03/15/2007 37 Annex 2 Pipeline PRSs/CASs/UNDAFs in Natural Disaster Hotspot countries with more than 30% GDP in areas at risks due to two or more hazards Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Name of the donor Amount in million $ Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 69 Comoros 59 54.2 <30 1 Full PRSP Interim 2008 01/08/2008 Strategy Note 12/14/2006 70 Tanzania 27.7 53.7 <30 11 CAS 2007 05/03/2007 71 Somalia 15.4 53.3 <30 1 Interim 2008 Strategy Note 01/29/2008 72 Senegal 10.1 52.9 <30 8 Full PRSP CAS 2007 01/30/2007 03/15/2007 73 Grenada 52.1 52.1 <30 1 Full PRSP 07/03/2007 74 Lesotho 52.4 50.5 <30 1 2008 75 Afghanistan 7.2 46 <30 6 2006 76 Cameroon 9.2 42 <30 15 Interim 2008 Strategy Note 12/07/2006 77 Fiji 20 42 <30 3 2008 78 Togo 61.2 39.3 <30 2 2008 79 Zimbabwe 10.1 39 <30 1 Interim 2007 Strategy Update 03/29/2007 80 Congo, Rep of 1.9 38.8 <30 1 PRSP Interim 2008 03/13/2008 Strategy Note 01/23/2007 81 Benin 37.2 38.6 <30 4 PRSP II Full CAS 2004 05/01/2007 08/30/2007 82 Belize 19.8 38.2 <30 1 2007 83 Sierra Leone 13 35.7 <30 1 PRSP/JSAN #1 Progress 2008 12/21/2006 Report 04/26/2007 84 Mali 2.9 29.6 <30 5 PRSP 2 CAS 2008 03/29/2007 04/26/2007 38 Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Name of the donor Amount in million $ Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 85 Lebanon 19.2 29.2 <30 22 2008 86 Uganda 27.5 26.6 <30 7 Progress Report 2006 06/14/2006 87 Central African, Rep Full PRSP Interim 2007 12/13/2007 Strategy Note 12/21/2006 88 Cote d'Ivore Full PRSP Interim 2008 03/18/2008 Strategy Note 01/23/2007 89 Liberia Interim PRSP Interim 2008 05/22/2007 Strategy Note 03/29/2007 Progress Report 01/08/2008 90 Myanmar 91 West Bank WBG and Gaza Assistance Strategy 11/15/2006 92 Angola PRSP Interim 2005 05/16/2007 Strategy Note 02/28/2007 93 Chad PRSP Update Progress 2006 12/13/2007 Report 12/13/2007 94 Congo, Dem. Rep. Full PRSP CAS 2008 02/20/2007 03/27/2007 95 Eritrea PRSP 2007 03/29/2007 96 Guinea Progress Interim CAS 2007 Report #2 05/31/2007 09/08/2006 39 Annex 2 Pipeline PRSs/CASs/UNDAFs in Natural Disaster Hotspot countries with more than 30% GDP in areas at risks due to two or more hazards Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Name of the donor Amount in million $ Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 97 Guinea-Bissau Full PRSP/General Interim 2008 Economic Work Strategy 02/01/2007 Note 02/01/2007 98 Kosova (First) CAS 12/10/2007 99 Lao, PDR PRSP-NSEDP Progress 2007 2006-2010 Report 04/26/2007 05/30/2007 100 Solomon Islands 101 Sudan I PRSP Interim 2008 02/01/2007 Strategy Note 02/01/2007 102 Timor Leste 103 Tonga 104 Gambia, The CAS 2007 06/26/2007 105 Mauritania Progress Report CAS 09/13/2007 03/08/2007 Full PRSP #2 01/16/2007 106 Nigeria Progress Report 03/27/2007 107 Papua New Guinea CAS 2008 05/24/2007 108 Sao Tome and Principe Progress Report 2 2007 08/08/2007 109 Vanuatu 6102 110 Cape Verde Progress Report Progress 2006 07/24/2006 Report 05/03/2007 111 Equatorial Guinea Interim 2008 Strategy Note 12/03/2007 40 Requirement of Technical Assistance Donor under Track 2 of GFDRR commitment % of population in areas Harmonized Cycle Year years prior to the cycle) Strategy Paper - Board (CCA/UNDAF year is 2 % of total area at risk % of GDP in areas at Country Assistance Amount in million $ Name of the donor Poverty Reduction Presentation Date UNDAF - View by GDP in $ billions Strategy - Board Full or part Country at risk Sl no Date risk 112 Gabon 2007 113 Mauritius Country Partnership Strategy 11/02/2006 114 Seychelles 115 Swaziland Country 2006 Dialogue 07/01/2009 116 Brunei 117 Kiribati 118 Marshall Islands 119 Micronesia, Fed. Sts 120 Palau 121 Samoa 2008 122 Tuvalu 123 Bahamas, The 124 Guyana Progress Report 2006 06/19/2007 125 St. Lucia 126 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 127 Suriname 2008 128 Bahrain 129 Estonia 130 Maldives JSA/PRSP CAS 2008 03/13/2007 08/14/2007 131 Malta 132 Qatar 133 Cook Islands 134 Nauru 1 list of natural disaster hotspots derived from World Bank and Columbia University Hotspots Study 2 TA requirement derived on the basis of estimated loss of GDP, incremental investment for enhanced resiliency, availability of domestic and other international resources, costs of project identification and preparation; 3 size of TA is kept at a minimum of $ 1 million over three year period 4 maximum size of TA will be limited to $ 4 million over 3-year period 41 GFDRR Overall Direction of Strategic Impact Availability of comprehensive and detailed risk profiles from Africa, Middle East and North Africa, Central America, and South East Europe regions will enable national governments and multilateral institutions to target risk reduction measures through their development programmes, loans and investments. This partnership has raised the profile of disaster risk reduction, thereby enhancing fiscal and political commitment to ex ante risk mitigation work in South Asia, Central America, South Eastern Europe and Africa. GFDRR activities in South Asia are actively benefiting from the huge portfolio of emergency reconstruction projects following recent disasters and are developing incentives for national authorities to invest in ex ante investments. In Africa, joint activities have generated demand amongst national authorities and finance ministries for integrating disaster risk reduction into poverty reduction strategies. The Africa road map for linking PRSPs to disaster risk reduction provides additional development resources from multilateral channels for the implementation of the Programme of Action for risk reduction while addressing the MDG of poverty alleviation. GFDRR support and stimulation of global targeted partnerships will enhance global advocacy and strengthen alliances for disaster risk reduction. A network of academic and research organizations will ultimately identify gaps in knowledge and training capacities and assist in enhancing the skilled manpower in the developing world to implement 42 disaster risk reduction. The partnership with private sector will stimulate increased private investments to complement public efforts at disaster reduction. The media network will substantially enhance the profile of disaster risk reduction in the media thus contribute to increasing public awareness and knowledge on the subject. GFDRR initiatives at the policy level are promoting standardization and harmonization of hazard management tools by creating a global clearinghouse for all disaster risk information through the PreventionWeb. The Global Progress Assessment Report will have strategic impact on policy makers and national governments by indicating the unmet challenges from growing disaster risks and will indicate policy options for addressing these at the high profile annual global platform for disaster reduction. The guidance on implementing the Hyogo Framework for building the resilience of nations and communities has provided public authorities with a simple but technically sound tool for translating the rhetoric of disaster prevention into action. Work with UNEP and UNFCCC offers an innovative approach towards linking the environmental and climate change agendas for addressing disaster risk through common policy approaches. Early indications are that the GFDRR resources will be very strategic in enabling the respective responsible national authorities to establish and undertake key activities, which are important to both their current effectiveness and the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction across all development sectors at different levels.