SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT MATTERS LEVERAGING URBANIZATION IN SOUTH ASIA Urbaizaion rovdesPROSPERITY AND LIVABILITY South Asian nations South Asia's urban populations grew by: to transform their economies 130 MILLION More than the entire population of Japan 2000 2011-2015 2030 Messy25MILO urbanization130MIL and is poised to rise by almost 250 can be seen in2030 theSOUTH ASIA'S URBAN POTENTIAL existence of slums and sprawl. Sprawl leads to hidden stat tics.Provides South Asian countries with the potential to transform their economies to join the ranks of richer nations in both prosperity and livability. A key trait of urbanization is that 80% the concentration of economic activity improves productivity 13 0 OYCO and spurs job creation, specifically 0in manufacturing and services, and indeed and isthose two areas now 80 percent of the imprmllio bye 2030n' SOUTH ASIA, WHILE MAKING STRIDES, IS NOT develoment. FULLY REALIZING THE POTENTIAL OF ITS CITIES FOR PROSPERITY AND LIVABILITY. . MESSY & HIDDEN URBANIZATION The region's urbanization has been characterized by the widespread existence of slums and sprawl. The sprawl associated with messy Urban areas urbanization contributes to hidden urbanization, expanded atjust over particularly on the peripheries of major cities, 5 % 5 percent a year in which is not captured by official statistics. Messy 19992010, against and hidden urbanization are symptomatic of urban population the failure to adequately address congestion growth for the region constraints that arise from the pressure of urban 2 e a ear populations5 percent a year INFRASTRUCTURE $800 billion POLICYMAKER in constant gInS o dollars (2004)pti of infrastructure investm e nt w ill be S o uth_ A si a 's P oli cy 2 pe r c e ntve a yhoie a $ 49 0 0 Brequired 2010-2050 INFRASTRUCTUREgiven projected INETETRQIE urban population * Continue on the same path and risk locking- M growth. in the worst urban problems BAI SRICS__ ]An estimated 130 * Undertake reforms to make their cities more BASC SRVIESmillion people, at prosperous and livable least, are living in slums characterizedPoiyaesMsAdrs3Fuamnl NT Fk 1 0 y poor quality Urban____Governance _____Deficits:___ 4 h~ousing in often LIV INSLUS AD hadoas 2004) and a lack of basic services. 1. Empowerment LAD -----7 Cities grew about 2. Resources twice as fast in area as they grew in Spopulation, which suggests declining average city This will require improving intergovernmental Spopulation densities fiscal relations, identifying practical ways to and increasing increase the resources available to urban govern- sprawl. ments to allow them to perform their mandated functions, and strengthening the mechanisms to JOUSINGhold local governments accountable. 203 Milio e PolicymakersMustAddronesuametal additional housing UrangovenAncrosshee DIc s: LIVE units will be required HOUSNG UITSover the period K2010-2050. Spatial Structures and Intra Inter-Urban Connectivity of South Asian Cities ENVIRNMEN Land and Housing Policy fReforms to Stimulate the Delhi's air pollution Supply of Affordable Housing (PM 25 concentration) is almost three times DELHI'S higher than in Beijing. Resilience Strategy Development POUTION in the Face of Natural Disasters and Climate Change WORLDiBANKGROUP To read the full report go to: www.worldbank.org/southasacities