71094 v2 Ghana: Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 2007 GDP 2007 GDP 2007 Share 2007 Trade Membership No. of RTAs/ EIAs (millions) per capita in World Trade per capita GATT WTO Goods Services $14,581 $624 0.04% $631 1957 1995 2 0 Ghana TRADE PERFORMANCE ‡ SSA Ranking Decile TP Low inc TRADE POLICY (TP) (out of 125) 89 8 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE) (out of 126) 61 5 TO EE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) (out of 181) 87 5 TRADE FACILITATION (TF) (out of 151) 126 9 TRADE OUTCOME (TO) (out of 161) 42 3 TF IE ‡ Rankings are based on the "representative" indicators (in bold) in each group below for the latest year Outer bound represents best value in latest year TRADE POLICY (TP)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index (MFN applied tariffs)& 17.1 9.2 9.0 * TTRI (applied tariffs including preferences) & .. 9.1 8.9 * TTRI Overall TRI (OTRI, applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& .. 11.4 10.7 * (MFN) Other trade policy indicators MFN applied tariff - simple avg (%) .. 13.9 13.0 13.0 Applied Dispersion (coefficient of variation) .. 0.8 0.5 0.5 tariff (wgt avg) Maximum rate .. 256.0 20.0 20.0 Agriculture - simple avg (%) .. 18.6 17.4 17.4 Import Nonagriculture - simple avg (%) .. 13.1 12.3 12.3 duties MFN applied tariff - trade weighted avg (%) .. 13.6 11.3 11.2 MFN zero-duty imports (% in total imports) .. 28.5 22.1 14.9 * Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - trade weighted avg (%) .. 13.6 11.3 11.2 Nontariff measures Agriculture .. 17.0 16.7 16.7 Nonagriculture .. 13.1 10.2 10.0 0 10 20 Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - production weighted avg (%) .. .. .. SSA Low inc Ghana Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) escalation (finished% minus raw%) .. -1.1 -1.1 Agriculture .. 2.8 1.8 1.8 Nonagriculture .. 0.8 0.8 0.8 Import duties (% of imports) .. 5.0 .. .. Services commit. Tariff overhang (MFN bound less MFN applied rate,%) .. 78.2 76.3 76.3 Bound tariff frequency ratio (% of total lines) .. 14.8 14.3 14.3 * Specific tariffs frequency ratio (%) .. 0.2 0.5 0.5 0 40 80 Non-tariff measures frequency ratio (%) 9.8 .. .. .. SSA Low inc Ghana Overall GATS commitment index (0-100, best) .. 13.9 13.9 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ MA-TTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.)& 3.1 3.1 * MA-OTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& 27.6 30.2 * MA-TTRI Other external environment indicators ROW applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - weighted avg (%) 0.8 1.9 4.7 4.4 * MFN duty free Agriculture 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.0 * (exports) Nonagriculture 0.5 2.3 7.8 7.7 * MFN zero-duty exports (% of total exports) 33.7 52.9 62.4 58.2 * Value of prefer Exports with FTA / CU partners (% of total exports) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * Preferences (EU+U.S.) utilization rate (%) .. .. 97.9 96.0 * 0 1 Lowest Highest Preferences (EU+U.S.) actual value (% of exports) .. .. 3.6 3.8 * SSA Low inc Ghana Real effective exchange rate (% change,+ =apprec.) 7.1 -7.0 5.2 -4.4 ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used(noted by *). For more infor., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008. ŸMFN: most favored nation; NTM: nontariff measures; MA: market access; ROW: rest of the world; FTA: free trade agreement; CU: customs union; WTO: World Trade Organization GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; WGI: World Government Indicators; ".." indicates missing value; RTA/EIA: regional trade arrangement / economic integration arrangement; & 2007 are preliminary estimates Ghana Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) 2004 2006 2007 2008 Ease of Doing Business (rank out of 181) .. .. 82 87 Starting a business (rank) .. .. 143 137 Enforcing contracts (rank) .. .. 50 137 Ease of Doing Closing a business (rank) .. 99 50 Business Other institutional environment indicators WGI - Regulatory Quality (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.25 -0.02 -0.04 .. 0 80 160 WGI - Rule of Law (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.29 -0.08 -0.08 .. SSA Low inc Ghana WGI - Control of Corruption (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.32 -0.10 -0.17 .. TRADE FACILITATION (TF) 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Logistics Performance Index (LPI, 1 to 5 best) .. .. 2.2 2.2 * Efficiency of customs and other border procedures .. .. 2.0 2.0 * Logistic Index Quality of transport and IT infrastructures .. .. 2.3 2.3 * International transportation costs .. .. 2.3 2.3 * Logistics competence .. .. 1.8 1.8 * Trading Trackability of shipments .. .. 2.3 2.3 * Across Borders Domestic transportation costs .. .. 2.0 2.0 * Timeliness of shipment .. .. 2.5 2.5 * Other trade facilitation indicators UNCTAD Shipping Doing Business - Trading Across Borders (rank out of 181) .. 63 76 No. of documents required for exports .. .. 6 6 No. of days process required for exports .. .. 31 27 Telephones Cost to export (US$ per container) .. .. 846 1,003 per 100 No. of documents required for imports .. .. 10 7 No. of days process required for imports .. .. 42 29 Secondary Cost to import (US$ per container) .. .. 860 1,130 enrollment Liner shipping connectivity index (0-100 best) .. .. 13.0 15.0 Telephones and mobiles per 100 people 0.7 4.3 24.1 34.0 * Lowest 0 1 Highest Average cost of 3-minute call to U.S. (US$) 2.9 1.0 .. .. SSA Low inc Ghana Internet usage (per 100 people) 0.0 0.8 2.4 2.8 * Secondary gross school enrollment (%) 37.3 38.2 46.1 49.3 * TRADE OUTCOME (TO) ## 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Real growth in trade of goods and services (%) 14.9 1.2 7.9 9.8 16 14.9 14 Exports 12.4 0.8 7.4 9.7 12 10 Imports 17.1 1.7 8.3 9.9 8.2 9.8 8 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.1 7.4 7.1 Other trade outcome indicators 6 6.2 5.7 4 Trade integration (trade as % of GDP) 68.9 103.9 104.2 135.4 2 1.2 FDI inflow (% of GDP) 2.0 1.9 3.5 7.0 0 1995-99 2000-04 2005-07 2008 World trade share growth (%) 8.6 -2.4 4.7 5.8 Trade Growth Rate Exports 8.2 -2.5 3.6 7.8 Ghana SSA Low inc Imports 9.0 -1.9 5.6 4.5 Merchandise share in total exports (%) 87.0 79.0 72.7 77.1 Exports Share (2005-07) Agriculture 60.6 55.2 48.5 47.3 * Manufacturing 12.6 11.4 19.7 22.5 * Service, Mining, fuel and others 13.0 12.7 4.0 2.9 * 27.3 Service share in total exports (%) 13.0 21.0 27.3 22.5 Tourism 5.2 13.8 19.1 16.8 * Agric, 48.5 Transportation 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.0 * Mining, Other services 3.3 3.0 4.8 6.5 * 4.0 Export product concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 42.1 46.5 33.9 44.1 * Manuf, Export market concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 32.0 30.1 36.7 28.8 * 19.7 Top 5 exports share (% of merchandise exports) .. .. 78.0 75.2 * Top 5 exports (SITC Rev. 2; 3 digit) ( 971) Gold (072) Cocoa (422) Vegetable oils (058) Fruit ( 248) Wood products ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used (noted by *). For more info., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008 ## Most outcome indicators (mostly through 2007) are from the WDI (World Bank, Data Group), UNCTAD or COMTRADE; for filling gaps and 2008, data from the Prospects Group are used.