THE LITTLE GREEN 2017 DATA BOOK © 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 20 19 18 17 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 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Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Low income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 The Little Green Data Book 2017 iii Acknowledgments The Little Green Data Book 2017 is based on World Development Indicators 2017 and its online database. Defining, gathering, and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indicators presented in World Development Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and international statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to the World Development Indicators partners, as detailed in World Development Indicators 2017. The Little Green Data Book 2017 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice. Charlotte De Fontaubert, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Laura Ivers, Esther Naikal, Ana Florina Pirlea, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku contributed to its preparation. Jomo Tariku coordinated the production of the book. Barton Matheson Willse & Worthington typeset the book. The work was carried out under the direction of Haishan Fu and Karin Kemper. Staff from The World Bank’s Formal Publishing Program oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2017 The Little Green Data Book Foreword Welcome to The Little Green Data Book 2017, where we take the pulse of development and the environment through more than 50 indicators for all countries around the world. This year’s edition features the blue economy, and provides indicators on capture fisheries, aquaculture production, and marine-related areas. We chose this focus to draw attention to the economic importance of fisheries for sustainable development. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one in ten people worldwide rely on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods. At the same time, close to 90 percent of global fish stocks are either fully fished or overfished, meaning that only 10 percent of these resources remain to sustain these livelihoods and a growing global population. State of global marine fish stocks, 1974–2013 100 90 Share of world marine fish stocks (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2013 Overfished stocks Fully fished stocks Underfished stocks Source: FAO 2016. Despite their global importance, fisheries are measured and assessed on the basis of data that are frequently incomplete, limited, or even inaccurate. This impedes countries from effectively evaluating the importance of the sector as a path for sustainable development and hinders effective management of this important natural resource. A few recent initiatives have contributed to improving our understanding of what is really at stake. The Sunken Billions, a joint World Bank and FAO report issued in 2009, first estimated foregone revenues as a result of overfishing at $51 billion dollars in 2004. In 2017, using improved data, Sunken Billions Revisited provided an updated estimate of foregone revenues from overfishing at $88 billion for 2004; in 2012 it stood at $83 billion. These updated figures show that more than $80 billion is lost each year compared to what could be achieved with sustainable fisheries management. Moreover, the report found that The Little Green Data Book 2017 v Foreword fisheries reform, in the form of a global reduction in fishing by 44 percent would increase fish populations by a factor of 2.7, from approximately 215 million metric tons to more than 580 million tons. In addition, even with less fishing taking place but with this increase in biomass, fishing would become much more efficient and annual harvests would actually increase by 13 percent and the price for landed fish would rise by 24 percent. Another initiative informing this debate is the World Bank’s development of natural wealth accounts for global marine fisheries. Such accounts were first established in 2012 to document fisheries’ current value and estimate what they could be under better, more sustainable management. The picture painted was serious, showing that the economic performance of fisheries worldwide was substantially below what it could be, and that rebuilding fisheries could lead to an increase in global fisheries wealth, from $120 billion to $900 billion. An update of these numbers is now underway and will be included in the forthcoming publication, The Changing Wealth of Nations 2017. These findings translate into significant opportunities at the national level. For example, in the case of Mauritania, a study (Mele, 2014) of its capital resources found that natural capital was much higher than initially thought, at 44 percent of the country’s estimated total wealth. This new assessment drove home the importance of natural capital as an engine for economic growth, and showed that fisheries present a more sustainable path to development. At present, the fisheries sector represents more than 25 percent of the country’s natural capital, but only 3 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP), highlighting an opportunity to better manage this renewable natural capital for food security, nutrition, and job creation. As these recent studies confirm, fisheries reforms, based on significant reduction in overfishing, stand to increase significantly the overall economic benefits that can be derived from fisheries. We hope that the data on fisheries included in this edition of The Little Green Data Book help to improve global understanding of how to better manage this natural resource for sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction, and enhanced food security. Karin Kemper Haishan Fu Senior Director Director Environment and Natural Development Data Group Resources Global Practice vi 2017 The Little Green Data Book Data notes The data in this book are for the most recent year available as noted in the glossary. • Growth rates are calculated as annual averages and represented as percentages. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified in the glossary. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Lettered notes on country tables can be found in the Notes on page 230. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those being used to monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. For more information about the seventeen goals—ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all by 2030—please see the other books and online resources in the World Development Indicators 2017 family of products. The cutoff date for data is May 11, 2017. The Little Green Data Book 2017 vii Regional tables The country/territory composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions for FY 17 and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa; Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Hong Kong SAR, China; Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Republic of Korea; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macao SAR, China; Malaysia; Marshall Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Mongolia; Myanmar; Nauru, New Caledonia; New Zealand; Northern Mariana Islands; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Samoa; Singapore; Solomon Islands; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Sint Marrten (Dutch part), St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Martin (French part), St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Virgin Islands (U.S.) Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen North America Bermuda, Canada, United States South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Green Data Book 2017 1 World Population (millions) 7,346.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 129,733 GDP ($ billions) 74,292.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,551 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,383 Urban population (% of total) 53.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,983 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,907 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 Threatened species, mammals 3,406 Threatened species, birds 4,393 Threatened species, fish 8,124 Threatened species, higher plants 15,056 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 199,741 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.2 Coral reef area (sq. km) 284,300 Mangroves area (sq. km) 150,398 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,929 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,144 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,926 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 Rural (% of rural population) 85 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68 Rural (% of rural population) 50 Urban (% of urban population) 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 44 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 43 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.7 2 2017 The Little Green Data Book East Asia & Pacific Population (millions) 2,279.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 24,387 GDP ($ billions) 21,738.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,771 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,546 Urban population (% of total) 56.6 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 49 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,657 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,958 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 26.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.6 Threatened species, mammals 918 Threatened species, birds 1,097 Threatened species, fish 1,549 Threatened species, higher plants 3,515 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 132,587 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.5 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 203,050 Mangroves area (sq. km) 67,121 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,137 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,682 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,529 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 Rural (% of rural population) 90 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 Rural (% of rural population) 64 Urban (% of urban population) 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 44 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 39.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.1 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 3 Europe & Central Asia Population (millions) 907.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 27,440 GDP ($ billions) 20,114.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,275 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 18,328 Urban population (% of total) 70.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 14,018 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,910 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.6 Threatened species, mammals 350 Threatened species, birds 638 Threatened species, fish 1,220 Threatened species, higher plants 1,032 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 18,438 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. Mangroves area (sq. km) .. Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,157 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.9 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,369 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 49.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,850 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 47 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 Rural (% of rural population) 96 Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 Rural (% of rural population) 89 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.1 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.5 4 2017 The Little Green Data Book Latin America & Caribbean Population (millions) 633.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20,039 GDP ($ billions) 5,349.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,968 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,249 Urban population (% of total) 79.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 7,188 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,169 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.3 Threatened species, mammals 622 Threatened species, birds 1,011 Threatened species, fish 1,642 Threatened species, higher plants 5,108 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14,416 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 20,320 Mangroves area (sq. km) 41,330 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,337 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,122 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 43.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 46.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22,160 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 Rural (% of rural population) 84 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 Rural (% of rural population) 64 Urban (% of urban population) 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 85 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.4 The Little Green Data Book 2017 5 Middle East & North Africa Population (millions) 424.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11,236 GDP ($ billions) 3,138.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,229 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,251 Urban population (% of total) 64.2 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,275 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,299 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.7 Threatened species, mammals 224 Threatened species, birds 279 Threatened species, fish 610 Threatened species, higher plants 290 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,857 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.0 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,470 Mangroves area (sq. km) 513 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,365 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,906 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 555 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 138.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 85 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 Rural (% of rural population) 89 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 Rural (% of rural population) 87 Urban (% of urban population) 93 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 61 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.1 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.9 6 2017 The Little Green Data Book North America Population (millions) 357.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18,241 GDP ($ billions) 19,595.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 55,117 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 47,319 Urban population (% of total) 81.6 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 78,898 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,867 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 53 Threatened species, birds 93 Threatened species, fish 318 Threatened species, higher plants 480 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,522 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,620 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,030 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,871 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,230 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.2 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 15,991 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 34 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 8 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.3 The Little Green Data Book 2017 7 South Asia Population (millions) 1,744.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 4,772 GDP ($ billions) 2,683.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,535 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,365 Urban population (% of total) 33.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 57 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,131 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,083 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 17.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.6 Threatened species, mammals 251 Threatened species, birds 238 Threatened species, fish 383 Threatened species, higher plants 752 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15,171 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.9 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,440 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10,343 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 576 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 25.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 707 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,152 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.6 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 Rural (% of rural population) 91 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 45 Rural (% of rural population) 35 Urban (% of urban population) 65 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 74 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.0 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.6 8 2017 The Little Green Data Book Sub-Saharan Africa Population (millions) 1,001.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,618 GDP ($ billions) 1,595.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,631 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,239 Urban population (% of total) 37.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,219 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,452 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.3 Threatened species, mammals 918 Threatened species, birds 876 Threatened species, fish 2,023 Threatened species, higher plants 3,740 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7,416 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.8 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 17.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.1 Coral reef area (sq. km) 17,980 Mangroves area (sq. km) 28,061 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 701 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 57.4 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 497 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.2 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,986 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 68 Rural (% of rural population) 56 Urban (% of urban population) 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 Rural (% of rural population) 23 Urban (% of urban population) 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 83 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –3.9 The Little Green Data Book 2017 9 Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book is classified as low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, or high income. Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s fiscal year (ending on June 30), thus countries remain in the categories in which they are classified irrespective of any revisions to their per capita income data. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less in 2015. Lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $4,035. Upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $4,036 and $12,475. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,476 or more. 10 2017 The Little Green Data Book Low income Population (millions) 638.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 13,382 GDP ($ billions) 394.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 497 Urban population (% of total) 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 619 Threatened species, birds 599 Threatened species, fish 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 66 Rural (% of rural population) 56 Urban (% of urban population) 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28 Rural (% of rural population) 23 Urban (% of urban population) 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 11 Lower middle income Population (millions) 2,927.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 21,753 GDP ($ billions) 5,860.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 1,134 Threatened species, birds 1,199 Threatened species, fish 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 Rural (% of rural population) 87 Urban (% of urban population) 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52 Rural (% of rural population) 42 Urban (% of urban population) 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.1 12 2017 The Little Green Data Book Upper middle income Population (millions) 2,593.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 59,525 GDP ($ billions) 20,630.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 1,056 Threatened species, birds 1,511 Threatened species, fish 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 Rural (% of rural population) 91 Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 Rural (% of rural population) 67 Urban (% of urban population) 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 13 High income Population (millions) 1,187.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 35,073 GDP ($ billions) 47,418.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 527 Threatened species, birds 923 Threatened species, fish 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,605 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.1 14 2017 The Little Green Data Book Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of Cyprus. Georgia GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Data for each country are shown separately where available. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro; these data are noted in the tables. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP and population exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. South Sudan and Sudan South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. Data reported for Sudan exclude South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2017 or data.worldbank.org. The Little Green Data Book 2017 15 Afghanistan Population (millions) 32.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 653 GDP ($ billions) 19.3 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 1,535 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 525 1,365 497 Urban population (% of total) 26.7 33.0 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 57 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 613 1,131 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,018 3,083 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.1 17.5 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.4 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 6.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 11 251 619 Threatened species, birds 17 238 599 Threatened species, fish 5 383 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 5 752 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.2 15,171 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 1.9 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.4 7.3 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 2.3 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 576 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 25.6 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 707 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.0 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 1.4 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,491 1,152 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 43.0 51.6 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 55 92 66 Rural (% of rural population) 47 91 56 Urban (% of urban population) 78 95 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 45 28 Rural (% of rural population) 27 35 23 Urban (% of urban population) 45 65 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 48 74 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 29 .. 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 91 53 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –11.9 31.3 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 10.5 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.8 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 5.9 3.0 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 4.5 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –33.2 18.6 –3.8 16 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Albania 27 GDP ($ billions) 11.4 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,280 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,450 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 57.4 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 17.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,854 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,893 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.2 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.3 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 3 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 10 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 44 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.9 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.3 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.6 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.5 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 807 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.4 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,306 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,296 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 39 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 95 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 95 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 90 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 96 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.0 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.4 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 17 Algeria Population (millions) 39.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,382 GDP ($ billions) 164.8 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,850 8,229 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,449 6,251 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 70.7 64.2 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 33 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,061 6,275 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,369 2,299 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.8 2.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.4 –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.9 11.7 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 224 1,056 Threatened species, birds 14 279 1,511 Threatened species, fish 40 610 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 18 290 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 97.7 4,857 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.1 2.0 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.3 9.4 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 3.8 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,327 2,365 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,362 2,906 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.6 96.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 2.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.5 6.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 289 555 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 74.9 138.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 85 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 93 95 Rural (% of rural population) 82 89 91 Urban (% of urban population) 84 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 91 80 Rural (% of rural population) 82 87 67 Urban (% of urban population) 90 93 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 36 61 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.8 24.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 9.9 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.6 4.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.8 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.7 12.9 17.2 18 2017 The Little Green Data Book American Samoa Population (thousands) 56 Land area (sq. km) 200 GDP ($ millions) 641.0 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 87.2 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 25 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 87.7 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.6 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 1 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 8 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 12 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 1 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.0 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.9 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.7 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.3 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.52 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 63 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 63 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 63 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 4 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 11.8 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 19 Andorra Population (thousands) 70 Land area (sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 3.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,270 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 85.1 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 7,762 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.5 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 350 527 Threatened species, birds 2 638 923 Threatened species, fish 0 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.5 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,336 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 35 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 20 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 25.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Angola 1,247 GDP ($ billions) 102.6 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,180 1,631 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,024 1,239 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 44.1 37.7 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 42 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,219 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 888 1,452 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.4 25.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 17 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 26 876 1,511 Threatened species, fish 51 2,023 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 34 3,740 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 497 7,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.0 1.8 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 41.1 17.0 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 6.1 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 312 28,061 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 606 701 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 48.8 57.4 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 347 497 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 46.8 64.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 53.2 21.2 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 0.8 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,109 3,986 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 3.2 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 21 81 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 49 68 95 Rural (% of rural population) 28 56 91 Urban (% of urban population) 75 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52 30 80 Rural (% of rural population) 23 23 67 Urban (% of urban population) 89 40 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 36 36 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 157 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –7.2 14.4 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 34.5 13.8 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 8.7 1.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –49.6 –3.9 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 21 Antigua and Barbuda Population (thousands) 92 Land area (sq. km) 440 GDP ($ billions) 1.3 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,270 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 23.8 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,734 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,593 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.3 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.5 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 4 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.0 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.8 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 240 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 8.4 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.8 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 572 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.1 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 91 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 91 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.9 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 22 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 43.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Argentina 2,737 GDP ($ billions) 584.7 Latin Upper- America & middle Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,450 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,749 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 91.8 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 54 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 23,361 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,823 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 9.9 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.8 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 37 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 50 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 39 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 70 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 818 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.9 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.9 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,015 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.6 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,052 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.4 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 29.0 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,794 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.9 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 98 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.5 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.3 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 23 Armenia Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 10.5 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,880 24,275 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,116 18,328 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 62.7 70.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 29 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 19,094 14,018 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,147 3,910 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.7 38.0 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 24.8 12.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 9 350 1,134 Threatened species, birds 15 638 1,199 Threatened species, fish 3 1,220 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 71 1,032 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 23.3 18,438 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 14.0 –0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 20.8 2.9 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 984 3,157 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 5.9 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,900 5,369 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.4 49.8 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 25.7 16.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 7.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,282 7,850 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 42.9 7.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 39 47 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 90 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 87 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 93 52 Rural (% of rural population) 78 89 42 Urban (% of urban population) 96 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 26 19 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 22.5 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 16.1 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.2 9.5 16.1 24 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) Aruba 180 GDP ($ billions) 2.6 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 41.5 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,232 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.3 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 23 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.14 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.71 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.5 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 25 Australia Population (millions) 23.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 7,682 GDP ($ billions) 1,339.1 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 60,050 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 44,339 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 89.4 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 58,574 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,137 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 16.2 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.6 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 63 918 527 Threatened species, birds 50 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 118 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 92 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 246 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.9 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.3 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 48.5 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 48,960 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9,910 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,338 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.1 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,078 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 85.1 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.4 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.3 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,971 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.5 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.0 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.1 18.1 9.1 26 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Austria 83 GDP ($ billions) 377.0 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,260 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 35,490 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 66.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 44,740 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,276 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.9 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.4 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 350 527 Threatened species, birds 12 638 923 Threatened species, fish 11 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 13 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.9 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.5 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.4 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,765 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.7 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,361 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 17.7 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 66.6 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.4 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,439 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.3 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.1 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.2 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.6 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 27 Azerbaijan Population (millions) 9.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 83 GDP ($ billions) 53.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,560 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,537 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 54.6 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 29.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,339 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,386 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.8 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.8 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.0 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 8 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 18 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 12 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 42 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.1 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –20.8 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.7 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,502 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,202 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 94.0 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.3 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.8 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 851 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 147.5 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 84 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 78 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 95 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 87 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 92 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 30 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.7 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.2 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 8.3 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.7 9.5 17.2 28 2017 The Little Green Data Book Bahamas, The Population (thousands) 388 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ billions) 8.9 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,740 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 19,754 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 82.9 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 29,405 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,187 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.4 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.3 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 6 622 527 Threatened species, birds 7 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 44 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 8 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.3 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.1 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 10.0 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,150 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 875 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.2 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,827 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 92 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.3 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 9.4 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 29 Bahrain Population (millions) 1.4 Land area (sq. km) 771 GDP ($ billions) 31.1 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,840 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 16,428 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 88.8 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 28,972 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.8 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.3 –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.9 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 224 527 Threatened species, birds 6 279 923 Threatened species, fish 10 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.0 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.7 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.5 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.6 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 570 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.65 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 10,395 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 19,225 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 23.7 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8,935.0 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 55 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.0 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.2 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.2 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 4.2 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.5 12.9 9.1 30 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 161.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bangladesh 130 GDP ($ billions) 195.1 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,190 1,535 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,175 1,365 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 34.3 33.0 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 57 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 743 1,131 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,618 3,083 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.0 17.5 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.6 6.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 36 251 1,134 Threatened species, birds 33 238 1,199 Threatened species, fish 27 383 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 21 752 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,684 15,171 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.3 1.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.9 7.3 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 2.3 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 15,440 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,951 10,343 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 223 576 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.1 25.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 311 707 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.7 80.0 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.1 11.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 1.4 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 660 1,152 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 34.2 51.6 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 92 90 Rural (% of rural population) 87 91 87 Urban (% of urban population) 87 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 45 52 Rural (% of rural population) 62 35 42 Urban (% of urban population) 58 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 89 74 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.9 31.3 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.1 10.5 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 3.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.2 18.6 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 31 Barbados Population (thousands) 284 Land area (sq. km) 430 GDP ($ billions) 4.4 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,510 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,073 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 31.5 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 15,125 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,700 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.7 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.2 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 622 527 Threatened species, birds 2 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 3 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.1 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.04 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 282 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 101.3 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –5.4 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.8 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –11.9 9.4 9.1 32 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belarus 203 GDP ($ billions) 54.6 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,470 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,986 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 76.7 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 15,814 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,721 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.5 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.6 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 4 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 9 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 2 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.0 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.1 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.1 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,929 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.3 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,680 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.2 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.3 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,589 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.5 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 32 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 95 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 94 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.4 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.3 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.3 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 33 Belgium Population (millions) 11.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 455.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 44,510 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 32,260 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 97.9 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 70,550 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 9,539 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.6 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.9 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 350 527 Threatened species, birds 8 638 923 Threatened species, fish 13 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 24.8 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.2 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –18.8 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 56.1 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,699 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.3 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,694 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 33.5 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.4 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,068 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 50.0 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.3 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.3 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.4 9.5 9.1 34 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 359 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belize 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,490 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,839 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 44.0 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,543 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,595 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 59.9 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 36.7 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 5 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 43 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 36 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 103 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.1 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.4 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 14.2 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,330 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 958 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 43,389 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 88 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 94 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 27 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.5 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.5 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.4 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.8 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 35 Benin Population (millions) 10.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 113 GDP ($ billions) 8.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 840 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 634 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 44.0 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,024 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,460 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.2 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.1 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 13 918 619 Threatened species, birds 10 876 599 Threatened species, fish 38 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 17 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37.7 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 405 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 53.4 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 97 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.5 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 972 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.3 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 78 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 72 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 36 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 35 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 6 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 100 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.7 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.6 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.8 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.7 –3.9 –3.8 36 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 65 Land area (sq. km) Bermuda 50 GDP ($ billions) 5.6 North High- Country America income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 106,140 55,117 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 47,319 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 81.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 6 26 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 38,254 78,898 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 6,867 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.0 36.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.8 11.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 4 53 527 Threatened species, birds 1 93 923 Threatened species, fish 26 318 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 8 480 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.41 6,522 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.3 0.1 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 0.3 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.1 16.4 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 370 1,620 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.18 3,030 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 7,042 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.8 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 13,230 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.2 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 12.9 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.6 16.1 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 15,991 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 34 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 8 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 8 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 42.6 18.8 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.9 15.5 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 5.0 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.3 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 37 Bhutan Population (thousands) 775 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 38 GDP ($ billions) 2.1 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,380 1,535 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,083 1,365 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 38.6 33.0 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 14 57 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 866 1,131 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,130 3,083 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.3 17.5 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 47.3 6.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 26 251 1,134 Threatened species, birds 20 238 1,199 Threatened species, fish 3 383 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 18 752 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.16 15,171 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –12.3 1.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.3 7.3 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 2.3 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 576 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 25.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 707 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.0 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 1.4 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 101,960 1,152 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 51.6 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 92 90 Rural (% of rural population) 100 91 87 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 50 45 52 Rural (% of rural population) 33 35 42 Urban (% of urban population) 78 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 56 74 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.1 31.3 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 10.5 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 0.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.7 3.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.7 18.6 16.1 38 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bolivia 1,083 GDP ($ billions) 33.0 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,000 8,968 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,427 7,249 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 68.5 79.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,147 7,188 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,054 4,169 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.6 46.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 24.8 23.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 21 622 1,134 Threatened species, birds 55 1,011 1,199 Threatened species, fish 8 1,642 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 104 5,108 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.0 14,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.9 –3.5 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 14.3 7.7 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 789 1,337 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.5 17.1 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 753 2,122 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.0 43.1 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 25.7 46.5 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 3.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,735 22,160 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 95 90 Rural (% of rural population) 76 84 87 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 50 83 52 Rural (% of rural population) 28 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 61 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 28 18 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 20 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 26 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.6 17.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 10.2 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.7 0.9 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.3 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.1 1.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 39 Bosnia and Herzegovina Population (millions) 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 16.2 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,670 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,674 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 39.8 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 38,794 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,977 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.7 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.3 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 4 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 8 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 35 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.2 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.3 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,049 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.1 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,144 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 63.3 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 36.7 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.7 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,299 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 47 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.6 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 4.4 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 17.2 40 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Botswana 567 GDP ($ billions) 14.4 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,460 1,631 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,784 1,239 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 57.4 37.7 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 42 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 876 1,219 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 304 1,452 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.1 25.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 29.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 13 876 1,511 Threatened species, fish 2 2,023 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 2 3,740 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.20 7,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.7 1.8 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,224 701 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 20.0 57.4 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,708 497 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 64.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 21.2 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 0.8 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,081 3,986 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.1 3.2 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 81 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 68 95 Rural (% of rural population) 92 56 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 63 30 80 Rural (% of rural population) 43 23 67 Urban (% of urban population) 79 40 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 36 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 99 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 44 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 39.7 14.4 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.9 13.8 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.5 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.6 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.5 –3.9 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 41 Brazil Population (millions) 207.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,358 GDP ($ billions) 1,803.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Carribean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,990 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,650 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 85.7 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 11,150 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,640 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 59.0 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.4 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 81 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 165 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 86 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 521 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,275 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.4 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.5 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,200 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12,999 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,471 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 27.4 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,578 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 24.3 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 63.2 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 27,470 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.3 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 87 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 52 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 11 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 56 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.7 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.6 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.5 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.4 9.4 17.2 42 2017 The Little Green Data Book British Virgin Islands Population (thousands) 30 Land area (sq. km) 150 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Carribean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 46.2 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 24.1 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.8 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 622 527 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 28 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 10 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.2 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 24.8 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.1 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.1 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 43 Brunei Darussalam Population (thousands) 423 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.3 GDP ($ billions) 12.9 East Asia & High- Country Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,010 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 27,257 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 77.2 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 98,276 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 836 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.1 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.1 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 33 918 527 Threatened species, birds 24 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 12 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 104 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.4 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.0 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 15.5 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.5 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 210 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 173 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 8,515 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,103 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 18.9 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,364 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.1 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 53.5 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.3 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.9 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 38.7 18.1 9.1 44 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 7.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bulgaria 109 GDP ($ billions) 50.2 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,480 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,930 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 73.9 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 23,003 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,861 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 35.2 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 40.5 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 8 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 18 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 22 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 6 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 22.4 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.1 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.3 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,478 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.3 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,709 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 50.4 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.8 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.4 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,907 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 26.0 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 14 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 84 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 87 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 28 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.4 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.5 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.4 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.8 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 45 Burkina Faso Population (millions) 18.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 274 GDP ($ billions) 10.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 640 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 530 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 29.9 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 386 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,226 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.6 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.5 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 918 619 Threatened species, birds 11 876 599 Threatened species, fish 4 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 3 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.0 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.1 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 30.8 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 711 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.5 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 51 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 76 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 98 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 50 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 40 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 89 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.6 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.6 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.9 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.2 –3.9 –3.8 46 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Burundi 26 GDP ($ billions) 3.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 175 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 12.1 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 79 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 229 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,332 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.7 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.2 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.9 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 918 619 Threatened species, birds 13 876 599 Threatened species, fish 17 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.4 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 24.4 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 930 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.9 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 74 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 91 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 49 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 44 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 46 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 17 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 25 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 82 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.0 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 16.4 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.9 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.7 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 47 Cabo Verde Population (thousands) 521 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 4.0 GDP ($ billions) 1.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,280 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,605 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 65.5 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,137 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 202 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.3 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.6 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.6 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 4 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 5 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 34 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 3 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 34.2 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.1 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 584 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.3 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 87 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 54 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 82 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 40 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.7 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 22.1 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.1 –3.9 16.1 48 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 15.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cambodia 177 GDP ($ billions) 18.0 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,070 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 971 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 20.7 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 798 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,319 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 53.6 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.0 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 38 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 27 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 47 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 36 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 751 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.2 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 16.5 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.5 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 728 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 415 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 64.4 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 270 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 38.9 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 60.5 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,868 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 69 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 42 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 31 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 88 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 29 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.4 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.6 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 49 Cameroon Population (millions) 23.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 473 GDP ($ billions) 28.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,320 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,031 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 54.4 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,736 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,681 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.8 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.9 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 44 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 26 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 119 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 490 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 240 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.2 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 20.7 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.8 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,962 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 334 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 64.4 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 274 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.7 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 73.2 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,988 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 53 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 27 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 62 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 66 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 88 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.4 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.6 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –7.4 –3.9 16.1 50 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 35.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Canada 9,094 GDP ($ billions) 1,552.8 North High- Country America income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,250 55,117 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 34,976 47,319 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 81.8 81.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 26 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 86,775 78,898 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,669 6,867 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.2 36.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.4 11.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 14 53 527 Threatened species, birds 15 93 923 Threatened species, fish 43 318 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 10 480 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,050 6,522 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.2 0.1 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.6 0.3 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 16.4 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 1,620 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 3,030 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,874 7,042 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.5 4.8 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,542 13,230 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 20.4 61.2 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 58.3 12.9 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 13.5 16.1 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 80,181 15,991 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.4 9.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 34 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 8 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 8 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.0 18.8 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.5 15.5 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 5.0 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.9 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.0 7.3 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 51 Cayman Islands Population (thousands) 60 Land area (sq. km) 240 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.9 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 622 527 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 32 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 22 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.13 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 230 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 78.3 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.2 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 52 2017 The Little Green Data Book Central African Republic Population (millions) 4.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 623 GDP ($ billions) 1.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 416 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 40.0 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 444 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,480 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 35.6 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.1 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 918 619 Threatened species, birds 14 876 599 Threatened species, fish 3 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 24 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 28.2 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.2 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.7 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 29,349 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 69 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 54 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 90 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 22 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 44 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 46 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 130 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.2 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 53 Chad Population (millions) 14.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,259 GDP ($ billions) 10.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 880 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 630 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 22.5 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,097 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 856 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.9 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.7 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.8 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 918 619 Threatened species, birds 13 876 599 Threatened species, fish 1 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 6 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 110 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.9 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,104 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.9 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 45 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 72 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 31 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 46 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 22 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 139 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.9 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.6 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 3.8 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 54 2017 The Little Green Data Book Channel Islands Population (thousands) 164 Land area (sq. km) 190 GDP ($ millions) .. Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 31.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 3.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 4.2 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals .. 350 527 Threatened species, birds .. 638 923 Threatened species, fish .. 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants .. 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.3 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.2 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 10.6 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 55 Chile Population (millions) 17.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 744 GDP ($ billions) 240.8 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,100 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,481 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 89.5 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 8,145 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,128 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.9 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.3 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 19 622 527 Threatened species, birds 33 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 25 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 72 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,190 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.9 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.3 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,033 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 20.4 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,879 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 58.4 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 31.3 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.7 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 49,824 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 93 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 91 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.8 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.8 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.3 9.4 9.1 56 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1,371.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) China 9,388 GDP ($ billions) 11,064.7 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,900 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,098 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 55.6 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 10.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,465 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,886 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.2 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.1 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.0 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 74 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 89 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 133 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 574 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 79,389 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.2 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.3 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.3 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,510 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 208 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,237 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.1 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,927 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.8 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.6 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.6 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,062 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 21.6 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 93 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 64 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 87 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 58 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 48.3 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 23.0 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.1 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 22.9 18.1 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 57 Colombia Population (millions) 48.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,110 GDP ($ billions) 292.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,140 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,036 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 76.4 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,536 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,105 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.7 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.1 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 54 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 119 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 96 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 257 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 178 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.4 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.0 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.9 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 940 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,079 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 712 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.9 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,290 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.8 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 71.1 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 44,883 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 74 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 68 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 85 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.3 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.4 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.4 9.4 17.2 58 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 788 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Comoros 1.9 GDP ($ millions) 565.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 780 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 698 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 28.3 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 982 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,370 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.9 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 5 918 619 Threatened species, birds 10 876 599 Threatened species, fish 9 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 7 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12.7 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 430 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,558 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 47 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 89 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 36 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 31 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 48 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.5 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.0 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.6 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 59 Congo, Dem. Rep. Population (millions) 77.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,267 GDP ($ billions) 35.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 326 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 42.5 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 350 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 772 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 67.3 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.1 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 36 918 619 Threatened species, birds 37 876 599 Threatened species, fish 93 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 113 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 234 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.2 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.3 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 193 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 384 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 91.7 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 107 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.1 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.9 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,020 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 11 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 52 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 31 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 29 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 29 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 29 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 46 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 98 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 6.8 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.0 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.6 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 16.5 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.5 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –16.4 –3.9 –3.8 60 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Congo, Rep. 342 GDP ($ billions) 8.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,540 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,186 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 65.4 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,217 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 824 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.4 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 35.2 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 17 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 5 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 55 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 45 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 69.4 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.8 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.8 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 33.6 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 16.7 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 583 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 56.4 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 213 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 45.3 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 54.7 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 49,279 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 40 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 15 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 20 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 53 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 19 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 45 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.7 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 13.5 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 61 Costa Rica Population (millions) 4.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 54.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,400 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,019 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 76.8 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 8,250 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,727 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.0 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.4 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 23 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 60 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 140 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 38.2 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –5.3 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.8 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.8 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 970 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 418 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,031 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.4 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,958 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 10.2 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 65.7 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 23,751 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.1 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 92 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 95 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.7 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 17.2 62 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Côte d’Ivoire 22.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 318 GDP ($ billions) 31.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,420 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,171 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 54.2 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 65 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,796 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,139 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.7 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.9 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 30 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 20 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 57 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 112 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73.8 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.0 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.1 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 99.6 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 626 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 72.9 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 281 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.1 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 23.1 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,468 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.0 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 38 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 69 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 23 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 10 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 33 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 24 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 93 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.6 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.1 –3.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 63 Croatia Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 56 GDP ($ billions) 48.7 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,760 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,657 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 59.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 27 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 34,197 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,037 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.3 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.7 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 350 527 Threatened species, birds 15 638 923 Threatened species, fish 64 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 8 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 88.3 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.6 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.6 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.3 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,898 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.4 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,714 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 26.0 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 67.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,895 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.7 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 96 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.4 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.9 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.2 9.5 9.1 64 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cuba 104 GDP ($ billions) 87.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,600 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,010 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 77.1 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,085 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,814 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.8 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.8 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.4 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 17 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 44 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 179 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 54.6 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –6.7 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.6 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,020 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,944 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,028 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.1 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,442 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.0 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.5 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.5 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,350 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.3 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 90 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 89 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 94 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 13.0 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 65 Curaçao Population (thousands) 158 Land area (sq. km) 444 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 89.3 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 622 527 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 28 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.2 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 12,651 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,798 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.4 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 34.2 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 66 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cyprus 9.2 GDP ($ billions) 19.6 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,810 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 19,572 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 66.9 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 21.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 18,925 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 291 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.7 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 6 350 527 Threatened species, birds 7 638 923 Threatened species, fish 24 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 18 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.0 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –22.5 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.4 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.9 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,710 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.5 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,621 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.7 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 676 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 32.7 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.6 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.8 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.7 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 67 Czech Republic Population (millions) 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 77 GDP ($ billions) 185.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,150 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,309 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 73.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 13,251 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,222 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.5 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.1 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 350 527 Threatened species, birds 10 638 923 Threatened species, fish 2 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 10 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 24.0 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.3 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,915 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.4 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,259 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 53.4 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.2 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.4 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,249 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.5 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.8 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 23.1 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.7 9.5 9.1 68 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Denmark 42 GDP ($ billions) 301.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 60,270 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 45,505 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 87.7 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 62 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 74,766 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,752 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.5 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.3 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 350 527 Threatened species, birds 7 638 923 Threatened species, fish 18 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 905 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.7 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.3 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 29.2 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,873 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 22.5 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,859 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 41.9 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.8 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,063 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.9 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 25 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 11 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 79 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.8 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.5 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.5 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 69 Djibouti Population (thousands) 888 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.7 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,229 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,251 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 77.3 64.2 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 33 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 6,275 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,938 2,299 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.2 2.1 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.8 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.3 11.7 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 8 224 1,134 Threatened species, birds 11 279 1,199 Threatened species, fish 18 610 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 3 290 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.0 4,857 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.3 2.0 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 9.4 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 3.8 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 15,470 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.0 513 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,365 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,906 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 96.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 2.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 6.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 342 555 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.3 138.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 93 90 Rural (% of rural population) 65 89 87 Urban (% of urban population) 97 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 91 52 Rural (% of rural population) 5 87 42 Urban (% of urban population) 60 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 52 61 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 65 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 24.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 9.9 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.4 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 4.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 16.1 70 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 73 Land area (sq. km) Dominica 750 GDP ($ millions) 517.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,800 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,530 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 69.5 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 10,938 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,626 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 57.8 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.5 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 3 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 4 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 11 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.95 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.10 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,765 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.0 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 5 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 5.4 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.6 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 71 Dominican Republic Population (millions) 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 68.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,240 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,784 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 79.0 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 49 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 8.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 9,347 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,007 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.0 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.9 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.0 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 6 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 14 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 42 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14.1 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 31.4 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 610 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 212 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 734 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.7 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,578 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.7 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.5 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.1 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,258 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 30.5 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 82 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 85 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 76 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 86 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 10 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.3 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.0 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.0 9.4 17.2 72 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ecuador 248 GDP ($ billions) 100.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,030 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,144 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 63.7 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 16.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 7,100 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,526 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.5 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.8 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 45 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 98 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 59 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 1,856 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,068 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.8 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 75.7 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,583 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 892 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,381 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 50.8 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 47.1 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.8 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 27,819 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.2 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 76 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 81 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 87 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.6 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.4 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 73 Egypt, Arab Rep. Population (millions) 91.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 995 GDP ($ billions) 330.8 Middle Lower East & N. middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,340 8,229 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,256 6,251 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 43.1 64.2 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 4 33 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,241 6,275 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,231 2,299 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.1 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.4 –0.8 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.2 11.7 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 19 224 1,134 Threatened species, birds 14 279 1,199 Threatened species, fish 51 610 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 3 290 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,519 4,857 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 2.0 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.6 9.4 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.2 3.8 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,800 15,470 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5.1 513 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 835 2,365 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.3 0.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,699 2,906 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.0 96.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.1 2.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 6.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20 555 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4,333.3 138.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 93 90 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 87 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 91 52 Rural (% of rural population) 93 87 42 Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 105 61 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.8 24.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 9.9 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.4 4.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.1 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.3 12.9 16.1 74 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) El Salvador 21 GDP ($ billions) 25.9 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,940 8,968 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,639 7,249 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 66.7 79.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 77 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,547 7,188 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,486 4,169 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.8 46.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.5 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.4 23.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 6 622 1,134 Threatened species, birds 6 1,011 1,199 Threatened species, fish 15 1,642 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 29 5,108 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 59.2 14,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 12.0 –3.5 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 24.2 7.7 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.5 15.5 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 252 41,330 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 666 1,337 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.2 17.1 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 966 2,122 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 40.3 43.1 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 27.6 46.5 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 3.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,559 22,160 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 13.6 2.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 95 90 Rural (% of rural population) 87 84 87 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 83 52 Rural (% of rural population) 60 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 82 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 37 18 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.9 17.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 10.2 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.1 9.4 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 75 Equatorial Guinea Population (thousands) 845 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 12.2 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,820 1,631 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,205 1,239 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 39.9 37.7 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 42 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,293 1,219 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,452 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.9 25.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.7 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 24 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 7 876 1,511 Threatened species, fish 42 2,023 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 88 3,740 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.9 7,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.3 1.8 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.7 6.1 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 253 28,061 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.8 0.8 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 31,673 3,986 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.2 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 81 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 48 68 95 Rural (% of rural population) 32 56 91 Urban (% of urban population) 73 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 30 80 Rural (% of rural population) 71 23 67 Urban (% of urban population) 80 40 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 47 36 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 94 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.2 13.8 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.0 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 18.4 1.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.6 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.9 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 17.2 76 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Eritrea 101 GDP ($ billions) 2.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 480 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 391 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 22.6 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 600 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.0 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 11 918 619 Threatened species, birds 18 876 599 Threatened species, fish 23 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.0 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –7.4 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,260 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 102 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 159 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 77.7 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 63 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.5 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 548 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 20.8 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 53 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 73 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 16 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 45 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 43 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 47 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.7 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 13.4 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.9 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 77 Estonia Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 42 GDP ($ billions) 22.5 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,320 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,966 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 67.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 14,636 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,670 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.7 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.7 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 350 527 Threatened species, birds 8 638 923 Threatened species, fish 5 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 74.4 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.8 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.8 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 27.5 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,593 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.5 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,732 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.3 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.2 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.1 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,669 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 13.5 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 15 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.5 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.4 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.9 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.3 9.5 9.1 78 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 99.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ethiopia 1,000 GDP ($ billions) 61.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 452 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 19.5 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 36 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 483 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,325 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.5 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 33 918 619 Threatened species, birds 32 876 599 Threatened species, fish 14 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 41 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 45.6 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.4 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 12.7 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 499 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 92.3 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 70 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.1 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 95.6 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,258 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 57 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 49 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 28 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 27 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 36 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 59 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.2 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 12.2 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.6 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 79 Faroe Islands Population (thousands) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.4 GDP ($ billions) 2.6 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 42.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 2 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 4 350 527 Threatened species, birds 4 638 923 Threatened species, fish 12 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 666 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.7 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.8 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.3 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.1 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 80 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 892 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) Fiji 4.4 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,830 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,968 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 53.7 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,800 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,406 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.7 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.4 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 6 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 12 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 18 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 65 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 43.6 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –13.9 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.2 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 10,020 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 425 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 32,207 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 91 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 88 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.7 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.3 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.0 18.1 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 81 Finland Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 304 GDP ($ billions) 232.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,560 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 34,551 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 84.2 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 80,693 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,692 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 73.1 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 350 527 Threatened species, birds 9 638 923 Threatened species, fish 6 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 2 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 198 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.7 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,213 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.9 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,250 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.8 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 19.7 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.5 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 19,592 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.1 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 88 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.3 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.9 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.3 9.5 9.1 82 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 66.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) France 548 GDP ($ billions) 2,418.8 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,710 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 30,443 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 79.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 95,420 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,634 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.3 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 350 527 Threatened species, birds 13 638 923 Threatened species, fish 52 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 35 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 712 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.1 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.7 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 62.9 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,661 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.1 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,944 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 4.8 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.3 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,018 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.1 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.6 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 83 French Polynesia Population (thousands) 283 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 3.7 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 55.9 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.3 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.6 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.0 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 0 918 527 Threatened species, birds 32 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 28 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 47 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 16.6 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.9 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,000 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.0 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.5 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 9.1 84 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Gabon 258 GDP ($ billions) 14.3 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,200 1,631 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,958 1,239 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 87.2 37.7 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 42 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,962 1,219 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,605 1,452 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 89.3 25.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.5 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 20 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 6 876 1,511 Threatened species, fish 71 2,023 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 162 3,740 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 33.0 7,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.4 1.8 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –15.5 17.0 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.3 6.1 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,598 28,061 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,007 701 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 73.8 57.4 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,304 497 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.9 64.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 33.6 21.2 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.9 0.8 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 97,175 3,986 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.2 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 29 81 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 68 95 Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 91 Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 42 30 80 Rural (% of rural population) 32 23 67 Urban (% of urban population) 43 40 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 40 36 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.2 13.8 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.9 1.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 85 Gambia, The Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ millions) 938.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 353 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 59.6 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 311 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 747 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.2 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 918 619 Threatened species, birds 12 876 599 Threatened species, fish 34 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 5 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 56.7 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.6 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.9 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 581 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,556 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 84 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 55 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 62 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 61 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.5 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 22.1 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.8 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.3 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –1.6 –3.9 –3.8 86 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Georgia 69 GDP ($ billions) 14.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,120 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,244 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 53.6 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 37 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,346 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,000 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.6 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.3 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 15 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 11 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 61 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12.7 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.6 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 14.7 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,178 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.6 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,688 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 19.6 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 80.4 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 15,597 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.1 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 76 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 95 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.2 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.8 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.3 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 87 Germany Population (millions) 81.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 349 GDP ($ billions) 3,363.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 45,790 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 34,789 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 75.3 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 33,048 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,050 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.7 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.4 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 5 350 527 Threatened species, birds 11 638 923 Threatened species, fish 24 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 17 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 292 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.7 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –5.1 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 64.8 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,779 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.5 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,035 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 56.7 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.1 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.4 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,321 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 30.9 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.1 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.3 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.7 9.5 9.1 88 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 27.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ghana 228 GDP ($ billions) 37.5 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,480 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 886 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 54.0 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 69 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,530 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,703 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.0 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.1 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 20 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 20 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 56 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 119 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 391 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.8 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 15.7 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 137 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 337 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 40.2 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 357 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 35.3 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 64.7 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,131 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.2 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 84 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 15 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 20 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 62 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.5 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.2 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 8.8 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –12.4 –3.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 89 Gibraltar Population (thousands) 32 Land area (sq. km) 10 GDP ($ millions) .. Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 4 350 527 Threatened species, birds 5 638 923 Threatened species, fish 18 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.00 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,126 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,001 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.5 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 90 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Greece 129 GDP ($ billions) 194.9 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,270 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,559 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 78.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 16.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 16,451 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,134 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.5 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 34.9 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 11 350 527 Threatened species, birds 16 638 923 Threatened species, fish 80 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 59 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 171 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.8 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.7 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,124 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.3 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,063 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 75.6 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.9 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.3 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,325 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.6 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.0 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –7.5 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 91 Greenland Population (thousands) 56 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 410a GDP ($ billions) 2.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 86.4 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 41.2 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 350 527 Threatened species, birds 3 638 923 Threatened species, fish 9 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 268 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.5 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 36.7 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.1 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 5 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 92 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 107 Land area (sq. km) Grenada 340 GDP ($ millions) 984.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Carbbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,650 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 35.6 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 7,983 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,003 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.0 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.1 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 4 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 28 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 3 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.7 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.1 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 150 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.9 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,881 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.0 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 15 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 98 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 98 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –1.8 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.6 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 93 Guam Population (thousands) 170 Land area (sq. km) 540 GDP ($ millions) 5.7 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 94.5 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,534 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.3 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.1 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 918 527 Threatened species, birds 14 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 13 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.4 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.1 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.9 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.97 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) 90 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 90 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.3 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 9.1 94 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Guatemala 107 GDP ($ billions) 63.8 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,590 8,968 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,280 7,249 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 51.6 79.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,443 7,188 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,118 4,169 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.0 46.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 31.8 23.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 15 622 1,134 Threatened species, birds 14 1,011 1,199 Threatened species, fish 35 1,642 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 102 5,108 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 43.8 14,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.8 –3.5 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 12.1 7.7 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.0 15.5 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 177 41,330 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 825 1,337 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 58.2 17.1 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 575 2,122 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 31.4 43.1 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 45.2 46.5 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 3.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,818 22,160 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 2.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 95 90 Rural (% of rural population) 87 84 87 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 83 52 Rural (% of rural population) 49 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 78 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 35 18 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 11 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 19 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.8 17.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 10.2 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.6 9.4 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 95 Guinea Population (millions) 12.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 246 GDP ($ billions) 6.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 310 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 37.2 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 270 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,246 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.9 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 29.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 25 918 619 Threatened species, birds 19 876 599 Threatened species, fish 75 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 44 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 126 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.2 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.2 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,033 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,411 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.2 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 53 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 12 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 34 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 94 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –18.4 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.6 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 15.2 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –55.4 –3.9 –3.8 96 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Guinea-Bissau 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 1.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 481 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 49.3 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 911 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,322 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 70.1 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 918 619 Threatened species, birds 10 876 599 Threatened species, fish 39 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 5 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.7 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 45.9 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,982 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,886 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.1 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 60 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 21 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 34 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 33 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 93 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.6 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.5 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.2 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 15.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.6 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –18.1 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 97 Guyana Population (thousands) 767 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 197 GDP ($ billions) 3.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,090 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,690 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 28.6 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 8,719 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,211 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 84.0 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 11 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 14 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 31 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 26 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37.0 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.9 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.4 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 396 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 315,489 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 82 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.4 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.9 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.0 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –0.7 9.4 17.2 98 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Haiti 28 GDP ($ billions) 8.8 Latin America & Low- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 810 8,968 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 766 7,249 497 Urban population (% of total) 58.6 79.9 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 67 38 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,009 4,169 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.5 46.3 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 0.4 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.3 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 5 622 619 Threatened species, birds 14 1,011 599 Threatened species, fish 30 1,642 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 42 5,108 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17.7 14,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.5 –3.5 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 36.1 7.7 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 20,320 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 136 41,330 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 393 1,337 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 77.8 17.1 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 39 2,122 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.3 43.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.7 46.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 3.0 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,231 22,160 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.1 2.4 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 71 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 95 66 Rural (% of rural population) 48 84 56 Urban (% of urban population) 65 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28 83 28 Rural (% of rural population) 19 64 23 Urban (% of urban population) 34 88 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 26 18 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 .. 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 18 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.6 17.7 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.3 10.2 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.5 4.9 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.1 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.1 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 0.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 22.0 9.4 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 99 Honduras Population (millions) 8.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 112 GDP ($ billions) 20.4 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,280 8,968 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,190 7,249 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 54.7 79.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,588 7,188 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,726 4,169 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.0 46.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.2 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.6 23.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 7 622 1,134 Threatened species, birds 11 1,011 1,199 Threatened species, fish 42 1,642 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 123 5,108 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 65.9 14,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.3 –3.5 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 12.0 7.7 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.3 15.5 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 810 20,320 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 628 41,330 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 673 1,337 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 42.2 17.1 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 697 2,122 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 56.2 43.1 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 32.4 46.5 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 3.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,387 22,160 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 2.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 95 90 Rural (% of rural population) 84 84 87 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 83 52 Rural (% of rural population) 78 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 87 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 38 18 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.8 17.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.2 10.2 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.9 9.4 16.1 100 2017 The Little Green Data Book Hong Kong SAR, China Population (millions) 7.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.1 GDP ($ billions) 309.2 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,000 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,000 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 41.8 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 918 527 Threatened species, birds 20 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 13 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 9 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 149 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,967 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.4 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,073 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.8 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.3 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.4 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.4 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 101 Hungary Population (millions) 9.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 91 GDP ($ billions) 121.7 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,970 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,651 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 71.2 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 17,080 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,897 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.9 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.6 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 350 527 Threatened species, birds 13 638 923 Threatened species, fish 9 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 10 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 27.3 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.3 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.0 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,314 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.9 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,966 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 35.4 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 608 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 84.2 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.1 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.9 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.1 9.5 9.1 102 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 331 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iceland 100 GDP ($ billions) 16.8 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 50,110 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 41,710 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 94.1 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 89,136 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.5 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.6 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.7 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 6 350 527 Threatened species, birds 4 638 923 Threatened species, fish 16 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,343 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.7 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.8 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 17,916 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 53,832 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 71.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.1 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 519,265 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 42 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.2 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.8 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.7 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.6 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 103 India Population (millions) 1,311.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,973 GDP ($ billions) 2,088.8 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,590 1,535 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,377 1,365 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 32.7 33.0 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 57 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 36.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,156 1,131 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,984 3,083 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.8 17.5 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.4 6.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 92 251 1,134 Threatened species, birds 84 238 1,199 Threatened species, fish 222 383 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 388 752 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10,100 15,171 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.8 1.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.8 7.3 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.1 2.3 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,790 15,440 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,326 10,343 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 637 576 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 23.5 25.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 805 707 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.7 80.0 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.2 11.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 1.4 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,116 1,152 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 52.6 51.6 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 92 90 Rural (% of rural population) 93 91 87 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 45 52 Rural (% of rural population) 29 35 42 Urban (% of urban population) 63 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 74 74 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 48 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.7 31.3 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.6 10.5 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.4 3.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.7 18.6 16.1 104 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 257.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Indonesia 1,812 GDP ($ billions) 861.9 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,440 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,954 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 53.7 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,629 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,096 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.2 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.7 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 188 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 131 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 158 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 427 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 22,215 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.1 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 20.2 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.8 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 51,020 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 31,894 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 886 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.2 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 814 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.6 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.6 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,935 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.6 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 80 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 48 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 72 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 89 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.2 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.5 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.9 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 25.2 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 105 Iran, Islamic Rep. Population (millions) 79.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,629 GDP ($ billions) 425.3 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,550 8,229 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,132 6,251 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 73.4 64.2 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 28 33 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 16.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,479 6,275 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,869 2,299 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.6 2.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.3 11.7 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 19 224 1,056 Threatened species, birds 26 279 1,511 Threatened species, fish 43 610 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 3 290 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 984 4,857 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.4 2.0 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 15.4 9.4 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.2 3.8 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 15,470 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 192 513 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,034 2,365 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 0.6 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,996 2,906 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.2 96.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.0 2.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.0 6.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,644 555 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 72.6 138.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 85 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 93 95 Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 91 80 Rural (% of rural population) 82 87 67 Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 43 61 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 24.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.1 9.9 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 4.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 4.4 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 17.2 106 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 36.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iraq 434 GDP ($ billions) 180.1 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,820 8,229 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,963 6,251 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 69.5 64.2 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 33 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 15,748 6,275 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,099 2,299 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.9 2.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.4 11.7 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 224 1,056 Threatened species, birds 19 279 1,511 Threatened species, fish 17 610 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 1 290 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 52.1 4,857 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.8 2.0 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 19.4 9.4 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 3.8 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,403 2,365 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,296 2,906 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 95.7 96.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.3 2.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.9 6.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 998 555 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 187.5 138.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 85 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 93 95 Rural (% of rural population) 70 89 91 Urban (% of urban population) 94 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 91 80 Rural (% of rural population) 84 87 67 Urban (% of urban population) 86 93 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 52 61 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.9 24.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 9.9 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.7 4.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.9 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.8 12.9 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 107 Ireland Population (millions) 4.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 283.7 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 52,550 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 39,005 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 63.2 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 65 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 22,799 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,472 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.9 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.2 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.4 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 5 350 527 Threatened species, birds 7 638 923 Threatened species, fish 27 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 304 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.1 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.7 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.4 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,766 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.0 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,722 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 75.2 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.7 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.6 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,612 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 15 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 93 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 89 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 31 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 40.0 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.9 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 26.2 9.5 9.1 108 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 88 Land area (sq. km) Isle of Man 570 GDP ($ millions) 7.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 85,290 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 52.2 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 68 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.1 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 350 527 Threatened species, birds 0 638 923 Threatened species, fish 2 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.8 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.4 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 109 Israel Population (millions) 8.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 22 GDP ($ billions) 299.4 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,770 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 30,436 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 92.1 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 25 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,356 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.6 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.9 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 15 224 527 Threatened species, birds 17 279 923 Threatened species, fish 45 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 9 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 22.9 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –6.6 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) <10 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,763 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,601 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.5 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.8 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 91 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 260.5 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.9 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.9 12.9 9.1 110 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 60.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Italy 294 GDP ($ billions) 1,821.5 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,830 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 24,414 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 69.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 19.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 57,151 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,709 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.6 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.5 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 8 350 527 Threatened species, birds 14 638 923 Threatened species, fish 51 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 71 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 347 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.8 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.5 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.1 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,414 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.5 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,002 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 55.5 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.1 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.7 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,002 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 29.5 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.7 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.1 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.9 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 111 Jamaica Population (millions) 2.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 14.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,930 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,585 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 54.8 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 41 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 6.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,835 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,139 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.0 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.9 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 6 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 10 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 30 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 214 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17.7 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.8 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –12.0 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.6 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,240 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 97.5 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,009 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 18.2 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,085 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.2 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.3 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.8 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,887 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.5 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 89 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 84 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 80 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.9 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.1 9.4 17.2 112 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 127.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Japan 365 GDP ($ billions) 4,383.1 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,840 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 28,140 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 93.5 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 34.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 60,937 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,081 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.5 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.4 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 28 918 527 Threatened species, birds 42 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 77 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 44 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,657 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.5 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.1 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,900 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7.4 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,475 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.5 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,829 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 85.6 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.9 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.8 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,382 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.9 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 67 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.0 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.5 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.8 18.1 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 113 Jordan Population (millions) 7.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 89 GDP ($ billions) 37.5 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,680 8,229 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,432 6,251 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 83.7 64.2 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 33 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 7,946 6,275 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,456 2,299 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.1 2.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.1 11.7 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 13 224 1,056 Threatened species, birds 13 279 1,511 Threatened species, fish 15 610 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 5 290 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.8 4,857 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.1 2.0 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.0 9.4 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.1 3.8 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 15,470 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,103 2,365 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,243 2,906 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.6 96.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.3 2.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 6.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 92 555 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 138.0 138.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 85 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 93 95 Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 91 80 Rural (% of rural population) 99 87 67 Urban (% of urban population) 99 93 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 39 61 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.4 24.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 9.9 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.0 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 12.9 17.2 114 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 17.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kazakhstan 2,700 GDP ($ billions) 184.4 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,390 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,116 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 53.2 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 80 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 7,257 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,173 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.2 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.3 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 16 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 26 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 14 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 16 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 42.2 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,434 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,600 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.1 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.9 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.4 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,722 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 32.9 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 86 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 89 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.9 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 4.7 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.7 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 115 Kenya Population (millions) 46.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 569 GDP ($ billions) 63.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,036 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 25.6 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 49 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 821 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,628 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.8 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.4 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.4 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 30 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 39 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 71 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 222 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 184 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.8 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 27.1 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.0 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 630 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 610 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 527 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 66.8 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 171 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 18.5 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 35.8 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 461 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.5 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 82 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 30 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 31 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 49 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.8 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.0 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.2 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –10.8 –3.9 16.1 116 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 112 Land area (sq. km) Kiribati 810 GDP ($ millions) 160.1 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,390 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,897 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 44.3 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,733 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.0 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.2 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 1 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 5 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 13 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 149 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.9 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –7.3 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.2 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,940 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 51 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 87 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 31 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 51 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 3 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.0 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 117 Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. Population (millions) 25.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,771 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 497 Urban population (% of total) 60.9 56.6 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 49 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,149 4,958 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.8 26.3 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.1 –0.2 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.5 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 918 619 Threatened species, birds 27 1,097 599 Threatened species, fish 17 1,549 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 17 3,515 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 774 132,587 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.9 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 6.5 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 17.0 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 476 2,137 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.2 7.7 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 602 3,682 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 27.4 76.4 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 72.6 15.0 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 6.3 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,677 4,529 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.9 11.3 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 71 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 66 Rural (% of rural population) 99 90 56 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 77 28 Rural (% of rural population) 73 64 23 Urban (% of urban population) 88 87 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 34 44 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 17 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.7 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 –3.8 118 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 50.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Korea, Rep. 97 GDP ($ billions) 1,377.9 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,450 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 22,007 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 82.5 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 18 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 26,500 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,618 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 63.4 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.6 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 11 918 527 Threatened species, birds 30 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 25 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 31 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,333 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.3 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.3 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,323 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.1 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,564 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.5 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.5 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.8 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,286 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 45.0 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 88 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 29 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.4 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.5 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.5 18.1 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 119 Kosovo Population (millions) 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 6.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 24,275 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 1,767 Urban population (% of total) .. 70.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 38.0 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 12.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals .. 350 1,134 Threatened species, birds .. 638 1,199 Threatened species, fish .. 1,220 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants .. 1,032 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 18,438 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,213 3,157 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 11.4 5.9 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,804 5,369 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 97.2 49.8 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.8 16.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 90 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 87 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 52 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 42 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.2 22.5 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 16.1 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.5 1.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 16.1 120 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kuwait 18 GDP ($ billions) 114.0 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,150 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 27,551 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 98.3 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 43,033 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 21,845 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.4 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.7 –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 6 224 527 Threatened species, birds 11 279 923 Threatened species, fish 15 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.6 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.2 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.4 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 110 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.05 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 9,027 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,332 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 27.3 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 0 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 67 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.9 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.3 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.5 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.5 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.7 12.9 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 121 Kyrgyz Republic Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 192 GDP ($ billions) 6.6 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,170 24,275 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 821 18,328 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 35.7 70.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 29 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,900 14,018 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,276 3,910 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.3 38.0 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.0 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.9 12.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 5 350 1,134 Threatened species, birds 16 638 1,199 Threatened species, fish 3 1,220 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 14 1,032 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.1 18,438 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.4 –0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 21.4 2.9 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 650 3,157 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 5.9 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,941 5,369 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 8.7 49.8 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 91.3 16.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 7.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,385 7,850 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.4 7.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 47 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 98 90 Rural (% of rural population) 86 96 87 Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 93 52 Rural (% of rural population) 96 89 42 Urban (% of urban population) 89 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 19 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 89 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.6 22.5 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.8 16.1 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.4 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.8 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 5.3 1.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –1.6 9.5 16.1 122 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lao PDR 231 GDP ($ billions) 12.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,740 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,005 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 38.6 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 11.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 961 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,508 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 81.3 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.7 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 45 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 24 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 55 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 41 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 171 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.2 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.5 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,463 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 69 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 86 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 71 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 56 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 33 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 67 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.9 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.8 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.6 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –10.3 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 123 Latvia Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 62 GDP ($ billions) 27.0 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,990 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,506 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 67.4 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 10,419 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,486 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.2 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 350 527 Threatened species, birds 9 638 923 Threatened species, fish 6 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 82.4 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.4 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.7 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 44.3 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,177 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 34.4 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,507 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 45.5 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 38.8 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.5 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,496 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 15 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 82 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 91 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.3 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 22.9 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.7 9.5 9.1 124 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lebanon 10 GDP ($ billions) 47.1 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,710 8,229 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,481 6,251 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 87.8 64.2 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 33 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 87,924 6,275 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,620 2,299 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.4 2.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.7 11.7 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 224 1,056 Threatened species, birds 12 279 1,511 Threatened species, fish 28 610 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 10 290 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 4,857 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 2.0 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.1 9.4 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 3.8 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,335 2,365 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.7 0.6 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,888 2,906 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.9 96.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.1 2.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.3 6.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 855 555 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.3 138.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 85 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 93 95 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 91 80 Rural (% of rural population) 81 87 67 Urban (% of urban population) 81 93 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 33 61 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.8 24.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.4 9.9 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.8 12.9 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 125 Lesotho Population (millions) 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 2.3 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,280 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,293 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 27.3 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 393 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 637 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.6 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 3 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 7 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 1 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.1 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.3 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 38.0 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,480 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 77 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 28 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 37 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 25 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.7 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.1 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.0 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 16.1 126 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Liberia 96 GDP ($ billions) 2.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 380 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 224 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 49.7 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 28 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 593 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,322 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.4 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.7 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.5 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 22 918 619 Threatened species, birds 13 876 599 Threatened species, fish 63 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 52 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14.7 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.6 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.1 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 109 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 45,490 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 63 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 89 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 17 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 28 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 3 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 22 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 70 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.9 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.0 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 32.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.9 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –35.9 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 127 Libya Population (millions) 6.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,760 GDP ($ billions) 34.7 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,660 8,229 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,811 6,251 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 78.6 64.2 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 33 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 6,275 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 673 2,299 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.1 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.8 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.3 11.7 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 11 224 1,056 Threatened species, birds 6 279 1,511 Threatened species, fish 32 610 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 3 290 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 26.0 4,857 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.3 2.0 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –8.8 9.4 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.3 3.8 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,855 2,365 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.8 0.6 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,841 2,906 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 96.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.1 6.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 112 555 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 832.9 138.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 85 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 93 95 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 91 Urban (% of urban population) .. 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 91 80 Rural (% of rural population) 96 87 67 Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 79 61 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 24.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 9.9 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.0 4.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.9 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 17.2 128 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 38 Land area (sq. km) Liechtenstein 160 GDP ($ billions) 6.7 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 14.3 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.1 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.3 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 0 350 527 Threatened species, birds 2 638 923 Threatened species, fish 0 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 129 Lithuania Population (millions) 2.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 41.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,080 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,734 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 66.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 13,233 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,975 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.8 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.8 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 350 527 Threatened species, birds 9 638 923 Threatened species, fish 6 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 89.6 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.5 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.6 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,387 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.1 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,821 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 51.5 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.8 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.3 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,272 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.1 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 90 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 83 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.4 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.2 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 15.5 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.6 9.5 9.1 130 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 570 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Luxembourg 2.6 GDP ($ billions) 56.8 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 77,480 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 58,069 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 90.2 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 40,662 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,936 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.5 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 34.6 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 0 350 527 Threatened species, birds 3 638 923 Threatened species, fish 1 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,861 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.1 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,915 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.2 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.7 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 18.7 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,798 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.3 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.4 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.5 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.9 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 131 Macao SAR, China Population (thousands) 588 Land area (sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 46.2 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 67,180 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 0 918 527 Threatened species, birds 4 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 5 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.5 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.8 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 56.8 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 1.6 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 9.1 132 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Macedonia, FYR 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 10.1 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,140 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,573 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 57.1 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 16,895 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,900 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.6 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.7 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 6 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 14 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 13 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.3 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.5 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.4 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,264 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.5 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,500 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.0 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.5 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.0 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,602 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.2 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 23 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 83 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 40 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.3 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.3 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.4 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.2 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 133 Madagascar Population (millions) 24.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 582 GDP ($ billions) 9.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 420 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 393 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 35.1 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 261 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,682 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.4 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 120 918 619 Threatened species, birds 35 876 599 Threatened species, fish 93 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 607 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 137 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.2 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,230 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,991 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,297 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 52 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 35 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 82 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 18 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 8 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.5 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.8 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –3.4 –3.9 –3.8 134 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 17.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Malawi 94 GDP ($ billions) 6.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 254 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 16.3 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 412 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,591 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.4 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.8 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 918 619 Threatened species, birds 18 876 599 Threatened species, fish 98 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 24 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 147 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.2 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 16.1 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 967 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.4 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 89 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 41 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 40 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 47 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 26 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 64 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.5 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.0 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 8.2 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.0 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –15.5 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 135 Malaysia Population (millions) 30.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 329 GDP ($ billions) 296.3 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,570 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,722 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 74.7 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 19,868 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,866 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 67.6 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 73 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 50 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 83 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 721 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2,003 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.6 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.3 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,600 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,097 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,000 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.1 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,646 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.3 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.1 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.0 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 19,397 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.9 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 22 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 93 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 87 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.8 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.0 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.8 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.3 18.1 17.2 136 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 409 Land area (sq. km) Maldives 300 GDP ($ billions) 3.4 Upper South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,950 1,535 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,545 1,365 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 45.5 33.0 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 57 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,878 1,131 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,405 3,083 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.3 17.5 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.7 6.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 2 251 1,056 Threatened species, birds 0 238 1,511 Threatened species, fish 24 383 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 0 752 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 127 15,171 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 1.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.3 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 2.3 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 8,920 15,440 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 576 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 25.6 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 707 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 80.0 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 1.4 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 75 1,152 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.7 51.6 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 91 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 92 95 Rural (% of rural population) 98 91 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 45 80 Rural (% of rural population) 98 35 67 Urban (% of urban population) 98 65 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 29 74 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 4 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 53 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 31.3 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 10.5 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 3.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.6 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 137 Mali Population (millions) 17.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,220 GDP ($ billions) 12.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 544 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 39.9 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,245 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,551 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.9 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.5 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 918 619 Threatened species, birds 16 876 599 Threatened species, fish 2 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 94.9 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.1 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 33.9 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,512 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 64 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 25 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 16 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 38 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 44 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 115 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.9 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.5 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.0 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –8.0 –3.9 –3.8 138 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 432 Land area (sq. km) Malta 320 GDP ($ billions) 9.7 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,900 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 95.4 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 36.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 63,642 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,763 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.1 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.1 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 224 527 Threatened species, birds 5 279 923 Threatened species, fish 22 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 4 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.4 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.6 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.5 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.7 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,811 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.9 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,007 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.7 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 118 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 89.7 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 64 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.5 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 139 Marshall Islands Population (thousands) 53 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ millions) 179.4 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,770 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 72.7 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,761 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 70.2 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.9 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 2 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 3 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 16 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 89.7 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 17.2 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,110 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 56 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.1 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 17.2 140 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mauritania 1,031 GDP ($ billions) 5.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,370 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 839 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 59.9 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,174 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,679 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.2 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.0 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 17 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 15 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 43 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 404 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.8 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 32.3 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 101 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 337.5 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 58 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 14 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 58 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 85 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 85 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.2 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 12.6 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.8 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –9.0 –3.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 141 Mauritius Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 11.7 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,780 1,631 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,637 1,239 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 39.7 37.7 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 42 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 19.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 9,653 1,219 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,765 1,452 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.0 25.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.5 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 7 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 9 876 1,511 Threatened species, fish 19 2,023 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 90 3,740 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 16.3 7,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.2 1.8 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 15.7 17.0 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 6.1 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 870 17,980 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 28,061 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,111 701 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.7 57.4 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,183 497 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.7 64.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.1 21.2 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.0 0.8 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,182 3,986 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 26.4 3.2 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 81 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 68 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 56 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 30 80 Rural (% of rural population) 93 23 67 Urban (% of urban population) 94 40 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 36 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 5.6 14.4 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.8 13.8 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.6 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –7.6 –3.9 17.2 142 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 127.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mexico 1,944 GDP ($ billions) 1,143.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,710 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,767 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 79.2 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,220 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,582 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.0 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.9 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 96 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 61 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 179 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 402 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,691 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.5 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 19.0 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,780 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 6,557 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,499 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.6 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,071 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.2 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.9 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,262 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.6 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 92 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 75 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.2 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.6 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 143 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) 700 GDP ($ millions) 315.0 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 22.4 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,709 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,596 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 91.8 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.3 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 5 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 11 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 25 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 68.9 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.4 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,340 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 87.0 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 87 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 49 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 23.6 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 16.1 144 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Moldova 33 GDP ($ billions) 6.6 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,240 24,275 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,856 18,328 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 45.0 70.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 29 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,160 14,018 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,162 3,910 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.4 38.0 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.8 12.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 5 350 1,134 Threatened species, birds 12 638 1,199 Threatened species, fish 8 1,220 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 2 1,032 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.1 18,438 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.7 –0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.8 2.9 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 928 3,157 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.6 5.9 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,386 5,369 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.8 49.8 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.9 16.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 7.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 456 7,850 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 65.7 7.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 47 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 98 90 Rural (% of rural population) 81 96 87 Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 93 52 Rural (% of rural population) 67 89 42 Urban (% of urban population) 88 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 19 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.3 22.5 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.9 16.1 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.1 1.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.9 9.5 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 145 Monaco Population (thousands) 38 Land area (sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 6.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 53.4 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 350 527 Threatened species, birds 0 638 923 Threatened species, fish 15 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.00 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –7.1 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 100.3 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.0 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 146 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mongolia 1,554 GDP ($ billions) 11.7 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,021 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 72.0 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 7,340 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,650 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.1 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.2 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 11 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 24 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 2 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.06 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –11.9 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,847 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.5 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,027 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.8 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.5 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,959 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 59 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 66 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 60 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 43 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 66 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 24 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.2 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.6 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 16.0 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.2 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 147 Montenegro Population (thousands) 622 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 13 GDP ($ billions) 4.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,220 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,832 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 64.0 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 11,856 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,452 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 61.5 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.9 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.1 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 6 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 14 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 32 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 2 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.3 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,538 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.3 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,612 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 44.8 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.2 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.6 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.0 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.2 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 17.2 148 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 34.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Morocco 446 GDP ($ billions) 100.6 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,030 8,229 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,531 6,251 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 60.2 64.2 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 69 33 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,476 6,275 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,454 2,299 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.6 2.1 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 –0.8 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 33.6 11.7 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 18 224 1,134 Threatened species, birds 15 279 1,199 Threatened species, fish 54 610 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 37 290 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,371 4,857 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.7 2.0 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.8 9.4 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 3.8 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 560 2,365 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.2 0.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 912 2,906 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.6 96.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.7 2.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 6.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 855 555 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 36.0 138.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 93 90 Rural (% of rural population) 65 89 87 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 91 52 Rural (% of rural population) 66 87 42 Urban (% of urban population) 84 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 61 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.7 24.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 9.9 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.9 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.4 12.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 149 Mozambique Population (millions) 28.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 786 GDP ($ billions) 14.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 423 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 32.2 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 332 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 703 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.2 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 918 619 Threatened species, birds 29 876 599 Threatened species, fish 67 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 84 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 288 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.7 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 18.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,860 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,909 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 428 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 77.3 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 463 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 8.8 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 91.2 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,685 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 78 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 37 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 21 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 10 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 42 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.3 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.7 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.1 –3.9 –3.8 150 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 53.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Myanmar 653 GDP ($ billions) 62.6 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,160 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,029 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 34.1 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,034 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,714 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.5 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.2 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.2 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 48 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 48 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 50 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 61 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2,953 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.9 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 16.7 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,870 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5,029 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 361 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 56.7 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 211 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 37.6 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 62.4 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,770 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.3 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 74 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 77 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 84 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 54 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.2 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.7 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 151 Namibia Population (millions) 2.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 823 GDP ($ billions) 11.5 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,190 1,631 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,167 1,239 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 46.7 37.7 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 42 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,064 1,219 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 589 1,452 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.4 25.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.9 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 28 876 1,511 Threatened species, fish 33 2,023 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 28 3,740 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 511 7,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 1.8 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 16.0 17.0 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 28.1 6.1 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 752 701 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.8 57.4 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,564 497 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.9 64.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.1 21.2 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 0.8 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,564 3,986 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.7 3.2 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 81 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 68 95 Rural (% of rural population) 85 56 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 30 80 Rural (% of rural population) 17 23 67 Urban (% of urban population) 55 40 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 36 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 99 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 45 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.1 14.4 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 13.8 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.3 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.6 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.2 –3.9 17.2 152 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 12 Land area (sq. km) Nauru 20 GDP ($ millions) 100.5 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,850 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 918 527 Threatened species, birds 2 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 11 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.53 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.2 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.1 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 66 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 66 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 153 Nepal Population (millions) 28.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 143 GDP ($ billions) 21.2 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 1,535 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 695 1,365 497 Urban population (% of total) 18.6 33.0 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 57 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 29.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 449 1,131 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,748 3,083 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.4 17.5 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 –0.4 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.9 6.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 30 251 619 Threatened species, birds 36 238 599 Threatened species, fish 7 383 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 17 752 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 69.5 15,171 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.7 1.9 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.1 7.3 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 2.3 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 415 576 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 80.4 25.6 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 140 707 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 80.0 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.8 11.6 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 1.4 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,035 1,152 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.8 51.6 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 92 66 Rural (% of rural population) 92 91 56 Urban (% of urban population) 91 95 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 45 28 Rural (% of rural population) 44 35 23 Urban (% of urban population) 56 65 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 75 74 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 53 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 45.4 31.3 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.8 10.5 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.8 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 3.0 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 39.2 18.6 –3.8 154 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Netherlands 34 GDP ($ billions) 750.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,850 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 36,632 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 90.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 79,612 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 9,074 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.2 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.6 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 350 527 Threatened species, birds 8 638 923 Threatened species, fish 15 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 447 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.7 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.2 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 57.7 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,326 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.0 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,713 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 83.0 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.1 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 652 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 97.5 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.0 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.1 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 155 New Caledonia Population (thousands) 273 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 70.2 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,844 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.9 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 54.3 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 918 527 Threatened species, birds 16 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 35 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 286 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.3 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.9 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.2 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 56.6 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,980 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 227 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.7 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.5 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 9.1 156 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) New Zealand 4.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 263 GDP ($ billions) 173.8 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,020 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,002 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 86.3 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 6.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 67,142 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,027 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.6 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.5 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 9 918 527 Threatened species, birds 67 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 34 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 21 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 525 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.5 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 261 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,560 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,026 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 20.8 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.9 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.6 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 72,510 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.0 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.4 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.8 18.1 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 157 Nicaragua Population (millions) 6.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ billions) 12.7 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,940 8,968 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,815 7,249 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 58.8 79.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 38 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,877 7,188 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,259 4,169 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.9 46.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.1 23.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 7 622 1,134 Threatened species, birds 15 1,011 1,199 Threatened species, fish 37 1,642 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 46 5,108 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 65.2 14,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.0 –3.5 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 10.6 7.7 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 37.7 15.5 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 20,320 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 671 41,330 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 609 1,337 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 40.7 17.1 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 580 2,122 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 46.1 43.1 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.9 46.5 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 3.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,973 22,160 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.0 2.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 95 90 Rural (% of rural population) 69 84 87 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68 83 52 Rural (% of rural population) 56 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 77 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 27 18 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.1 17.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.2 10.2 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.1 9.4 16.1 158 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 19.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Niger 1,267 GDP ($ billions) 7.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 297 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 18.7 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 584 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 448 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.9 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.6 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 918 619 Threatened species, birds 11 876 599 Threatened species, fish 4 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 3 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 35.6 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.3 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 22.1 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 151 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 73.8 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 52 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 183 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 28.1 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 67 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 49 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 11 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 5 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 38 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 63 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 96 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.7 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.2 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 12.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.5 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.5 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 159 Nigeria Population (millions) 182.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 911 GDP ($ billions) 486.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,790 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,211 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 47.8 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 78 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 8,534 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,592 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.7 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.2 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 29 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 21 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 71 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 197 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,027 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.2 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 18.2 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,356 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 759 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 80.6 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 144 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 82.4 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.6 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,245 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.9 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 69 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 29 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 25 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 33 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 38 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 109 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.9 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.3 –3.9 16.1 160 2017 The Little Green Data Book Northern Mariana Islands Population (thousands) 55 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) 922.0 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 89.2 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 64.1 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.4 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 4 918 527 Threatened species, birds 16 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 15 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 5 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.2 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 8.7 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.4 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.07 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) 80 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 80 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 161 Norway Population (millions) 5.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 365 GDP ($ billions) 386.6 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 93,530 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 61,958 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 80.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 97,879 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,362 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.2 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 29.2 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 8 350 527 Threatened species, birds 7 638 923 Threatened species, fish 23 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 3 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,822 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.1 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.1 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 60.7 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,596 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.0 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 23,000 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.0 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 96.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.7 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 74,359 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 28 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 9 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.1 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.8 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.8 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.6 9.5 9.1 162 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Oman 310 GDP ($ billions) 69.8 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,910 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,962 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 77.6 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,549 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 573 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.7 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 10 224 527 Threatened species, birds 13 279 923 Threatened species, fish 31 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 6 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 257 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.2 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 530 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,743 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,128 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.7 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 330 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 94.4 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 86 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 95 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 53 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.1 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.6 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 18.2 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.2 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –11.3 12.9 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 163 Pakistan Population (millions) 188.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 771 GDP ($ billions) 271.0 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,440 1,535 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,435 1,365 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 38.8 33.0 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 57 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,764 1,131 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,750 3,083 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.9 17.5 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.4 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.8 6.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 25 251 1,134 Threatened species, birds 32 238 1,199 Threatened species, fish 41 383 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 12 752 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 643 15,171 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.5 1.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 18.1 7.3 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.6 2.3 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 977 10,343 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 486 576 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 35.7 25.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 472 707 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.9 80.0 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 29.8 11.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 1.4 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 297 1,152 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 333.6 51.6 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 92 90 Rural (% of rural population) 90 91 87 Urban (% of urban population) 94 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 45 52 Rural (% of rural population) 51 35 42 Urban (% of urban population) 83 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 65 74 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 23 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 81 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.0 31.3 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.8 10.5 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.7 3.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.9 18.6 16.1 164 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 21 Land area (sq. km) Palau 460 GDP ($ millions) 287.4 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,180 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 87.1 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,475 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 87.6 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.0 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 4 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 5 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 19 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.92 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.3 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 18.1 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 31.4 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,150 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.5 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.7 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 86 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.0 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 165 Panama Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 74 GDP ($ billions) 52.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,880 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,297 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 66.6 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,268 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,661 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.1 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.6 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 16 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 22 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 54 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 208 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 151 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.1 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.5 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.4 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 720 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,744 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,089 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.6 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,082 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 44.2 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 54.2 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 35,320 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 89 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 58 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 84 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 91 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.4 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.4 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 30.9 9.4 17.2 166 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Papua New Guinea 7.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 453 GDP ($ billions) 16.9 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,240 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,728 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 13.0 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,660 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 74.1 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.1 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 39 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 37 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 56 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 152 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 241 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.2 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 25.2 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 13,840 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,265 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 107,321 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 40 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 33 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 88 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 19 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 13 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 56 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 65 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 57 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.6 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.2 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 9.1 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 167 Paraguay Population (millions) 6.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 397 GDP ($ billions) 27.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,190 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,287 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 59.7 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,995 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,277 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.6 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.5 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.5 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 27 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 0 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 19 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 25.5 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.3 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 34.2 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 789 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 43.2 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,564 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,856 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.1 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 78 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 15 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.5 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.9 9.4 17.2 168 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 31.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,280 GDP ($ billions) Peru 189.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,130 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,030 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 78.6 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,100 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,017 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 57.8 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 31.4 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 53 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 120 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 50 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 326 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,930 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –5.1 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 19.1 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.8 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 53.1 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 768 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.2 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,308 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 47.8 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 48.8 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 52,981 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 69 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 91 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 53 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 83 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 28 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.5 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.0 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 169 Philippines Population (millions) 100.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 298 GDP ($ billions) 292.5 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,550 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,220 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 44.4 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,942 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,637 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.0 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.0 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 39 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 89 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 87 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 239 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,503 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.2 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 25,060 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,565 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 481 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.7 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 706 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.4 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.8 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,832 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.0 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 90 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 74 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 71 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 78 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.5 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.4 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 27.6 18.1 16.1 170 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 38.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Poland 306 GDP ($ billions) 477.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,310 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,617 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 60.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,539 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,268 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.8 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 30.0 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 5 350 527 Threatened species, birds 11 638 923 Threatened species, fish 8 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 10 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 242 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 52.7 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,473 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.7 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,972 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.4 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.4 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.9 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,410 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 21.4 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 24 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.0 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.9 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 171 Portugal Population (millions) 10.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 92 GDP ($ billions) 199.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,470 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 15,454 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 63.5 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 10,421 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,416 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.7 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.1 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 13 350 527 Threatened species, birds 12 638 923 Threatened species, fish 63 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 81 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 199 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.4 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.5 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,035 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.2 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,663 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 38.8 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 30.0 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,653 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 24.1 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 24 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.0 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.6 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.7 9.5 9.1 172 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Puerto Rico 8.9 GDP ($ billions) 103.1 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,320 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 93.6 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 10.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 56,824 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,902 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.9 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.6 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.3 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 8 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 30 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 57 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.1 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –8.5 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –12.7 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 73.9 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,009 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 58.5 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.9 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 173 Qatar Population (millions) 2.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 12 GDP ($ billions) 164.6 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 83,990 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 59,969 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 99.2 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 6 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 33,402 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,724 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.2 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 224 527 Threatened species, birds 8 279 923 Threatened species, fish 13 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.2 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.2 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12.3 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 20,292 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 16,736 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 40.5 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 792.9 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 107 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 47.6 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.3 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 31.8 12.9 9.1 174 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 19.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Romania 230 GDP ($ billions) 178.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,510 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,041 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 54.6 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 15,124 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,069 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.8 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.8 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 8 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 18 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 22 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 5 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 20.3 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.6 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 42.8 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,592 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.2 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,584 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 40.5 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 28.8 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.5 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,129 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.1 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 18 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 63 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 92 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.1 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.7 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 175 Russian Federation Population (millions) 144.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 16,377 GDP ($ billions) 1,365.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,720 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,315 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 74.0 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 13 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 11,540 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,444 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 49.8 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.4 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 32 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 54 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 39 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 56 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,617 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.7 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.7 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 11.5 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,943 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.0 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,603 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.1 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.5 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.5 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 29,982 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.4 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 91 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 59 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 77 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 17 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 90 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.6 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.9 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.9 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.0 9.5 17.2 176 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Rwanda 25 GDP ($ billions) 8.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 536 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 28.8 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 471 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,981 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.5 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.2 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 24 918 619 Threatened species, birds 16 876 599 Threatened species, fish 9 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 34.2 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 10.3 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 21.2 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 838 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 72 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 87 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 62 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 63 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 59 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 50 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 42 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.4 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.3 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –0.2 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 177 Samoa Population (thousands) 193 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 761.0 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,930 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,431 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 19.1 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,082 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 60.4 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.8 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 2 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 6 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 16 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 2 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.7 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.1 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 490 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.7 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 99 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 91 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 4 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 16.1 178 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 32 Land area (sq. km) San Marino 60 GDP ($ billions) .. Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 94.2 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 0 350 527 Threatened species, birds 0 638 923 Threatened species, fish 0 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 179 São Tomé and Príncipe Population (thousands) 190 Land area (sq. km) 960 GDP ($ millions) 317.7 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,760 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 820 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 65.1 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 684 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,100 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.8 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 5 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 13 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 25 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 38 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.4 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.8 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,699 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 94 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 35 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 23 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 41 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 47 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 50.1 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 16.1 180 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Saudi Arabia 31.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,150 GDP ($ billions) 646.0 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,550 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,439 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 83.1 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 81 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 33,368 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,640 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.5 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 31.3 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 10 224 527 Threatened species, birds 18 279 923 Threatened species, fish 35 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 3 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 98.1 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.2 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.3 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,660 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 204 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,913 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,411 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 17.9 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 78 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 986.3 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 97 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 106 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.6 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.6 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.7 12.9 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 181 Senegal Population (millions) 15.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 193 GDP ($ billions) 13.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 980 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 754 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 43.7 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 513 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,110 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.0 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 17 918 619 Threatened species, birds 16 876 599 Threatened species, fish 55 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 12 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 427 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 17.8 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 14.4 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,279 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 270 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 45.2 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 222 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.8 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.7 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,758 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 34 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 65 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 38 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 19 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 47 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.2 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.6 –3.9 –3.8 182 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 7.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Serbia 87 GDP ($ billions) 37.2 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,540 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,153 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 55.6 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,578 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,963 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.1 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.6 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.8 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 6 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 13 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 15 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 5 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.5 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,859 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.9 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,272 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.0 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 32.9 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.3 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,179 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 49.4 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 94 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.9 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.2 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.9 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.9 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 183 Seychelles Population (thousands) 93 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Sub- Saharan High- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,680 1,631 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,951 1,239 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 53.9 37.7 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 42 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 866 1,219 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,452 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 88.4 25.7 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.5 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 42.1 15.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 6 918 527 Threatened species, birds 11 876 923 Threatened species, fish 21 2,023 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 62 3,740 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 103 7,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.9 1.8 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –42.7 17.0 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.0 6.1 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,690 17,980 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 32.3 28,061 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.2 0.8 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 3,986 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 3.2 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 81 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 68 100 Rural (% of rural population) 96 56 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 30 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 23 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 40 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 36 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 83 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 14.4 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.1 13.8 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.3 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.6 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 9.1 184 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Sierra Leone 6.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 72 GDP ($ billions) 4.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 528 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 39.9 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,146 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,842 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.2 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.9 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 22 918 619 Threatened species, birds 15 876 599 Threatened species, fish 56 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 65 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 202 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.9 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.3 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.8 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,049 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,334 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 22 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 48 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 23 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 120 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 6.3 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 10.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.2 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –9.4 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 185 Singapore Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (sq. km) 709 GDP ($ billions) 292.7 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 52,090 9,771 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 42,930 7,546 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 56.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 49 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 103,264 1,657 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.1 26.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.8 15.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 13 918 527 Threatened species, birds 17 1,097 923 Threatened species, fish 27 1,549 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 58 3,515 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.7 132,587 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –9.2 0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.6 6.5 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.5 17.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 203,050 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4.6 67,121 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,122 2,137 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.5 7.7 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,845 3,682 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 97.1 76.4 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 15.0 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.4 6.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 110 4,529 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 31.7 11.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 44 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 17 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 48.4 39.1 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.8 20.7 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 2.7 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 35.6 18.1 9.1 186 2017 The Little Green Data Book Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Population (thousands) 39 Land area (sq. km) 34 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 0 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.25 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 20.8 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 187 Slovak Republic Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 87.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,570 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 12,531 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 53.6 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 19,241 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,039 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.3 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 36.6 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 4 350 527 Threatened species, birds 11 638 923 Threatened species, fish 5 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 7 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.2 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.5 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.3 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,943 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.2 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,137 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 19.4 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.5 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,325 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.4 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.0 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.8 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.7 9.5 9.1 188 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Slovenia 20 GDP ($ billions) 42.8 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,250 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 15,955 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 49.7 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 251,573 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,481 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 53.6 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 6 350 527 Threatened species, birds 8 638 923 Threatened species, fish 33 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 7 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.0 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –10.6 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.1 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 98.5 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,236 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.2 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,728 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 24.3 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 35.5 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.0 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,054 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.2 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.1 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.2 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.1 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 189 Solomon Islands Population (thousands) 584 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 1.1 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,920 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,385 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 22.3 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 4 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,830 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 78.1 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.2 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 20 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 25 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 22 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 17 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 85.1 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 9.2 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 56.3 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.9 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,750 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 603 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 78,123 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 77 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 15 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 7 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.9 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 16.6 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 16.1 190 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Somalia 627 GDP ($ billions) 5.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 39.6 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 761 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.1 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.6 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 918 619 Threatened species, birds 18 876 599 Threatened species, fish 29 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 43 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.0 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.5 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.0 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 570 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 55.0 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 32 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 9 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 70 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 52 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 20 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 137 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.0 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 10.6 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 191 South Africa Population (millions) 55.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,213 GDP ($ billions) 314.6 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,080 1,631 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,671 1,239 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 64.8 37.7 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 80 42 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 9,451 1,219 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,894 1,452 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.6 25.7 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.9 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 26 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 46 876 1,511 Threatened species, fish 107 2,023 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 116 3,740 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 578 7,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 1.8 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 5.6 17.0 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.4 6.1 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 30.5 28,061 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,715 701 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.5 57.4 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,229 497 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.1 64.3 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 21.2 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.8 0.8 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 827 3,986 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 34.6 3.2 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 81 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 68 95 Rural (% of rural population) 81 56 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 66 30 80 Rural (% of rural population) 61 23 67 Urban (% of urban population) 70 40 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 30 36 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 41 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.8 14.4 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.3 13.8 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.7 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 4.6 1.6 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.5 –3.9 17.2 192 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 12.3 Land area (sq. km) South Sudan .. GDP ($ billions) 9.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 790 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 531 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 18.8 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,254 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.8 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 918 619 Threatened species, birds 19 876 599 Threatened species, fish 0 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 15 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37.0 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 59 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 27.8 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 39 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.6 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,183 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.5 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 59 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 67 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 7 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 5 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 16 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 32 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 93 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –10.5 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.7 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 193 Spain Population (millions) 46.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 500 GDP ($ billions) 1,192.9 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 28,380 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 21,129 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 79.6 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 14.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 42,109 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,246 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.8 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.0 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 17 350 527 Threatened species, birds 15 638 923 Threatened species, fish 78 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 216 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,265 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.6 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.5 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,465 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.1 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,356 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 38.8 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.2 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,392 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 33.6 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 10 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 28 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.4 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.7 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.2 9.5 9.1 194 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 21.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Sri Lanka 63 GDP ($ billions) 82.3 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,800 1,535 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,570 1,365 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 18.4 33.0 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 57 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,487 1,131 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,802 3,083 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.0 17.5 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.2 6.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 29 251 1,134 Threatened species, birds 16 238 1,199 Threatened species, fish 54 383 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 291 752 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 544 15,171 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.7 1.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 15.0 7.3 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 2.3 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 680 15,440 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 88.8 10,343 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 516 576 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 45.8 25.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 531 707 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.8 80.0 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 36.5 11.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 1.4 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,542 1,152 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 24.5 51.6 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 92 90 Rural (% of rural population) 95 91 87 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 45 52 Rural (% of rural population) 97 35 42 Urban (% of urban population) 88 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 28 74 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.6 31.3 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.9 10.5 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.3 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 3.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.7 18.6 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 195 St. Kitts and Nevis Population (thousands) 56 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ millions) 876.5 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,060 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 32.0 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,805 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.3 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.3 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 100 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 36.5 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.5 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 180 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.68 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 437 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 65.0 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.2 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.6 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 196 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 185 Land area (sq. km) St. Lucia 610 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,350 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,858 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 18.5 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,821 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.3 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.9 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 5 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 30 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 6 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.1 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 24.3 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 160 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.9 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,634 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.3 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 96 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 85 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.2 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.5 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 197 St. Martin (French part) Population (thousands) 32 Land area (sq. km) 54 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) .. 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.4 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 0 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 3 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.09 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 198 2017 The Little Green Data Book St. Vincent & Grenadines Population (thousands) 109 Land area (sq. km) 390 GDP ($ millions) 737.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,630 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,294 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 50.6 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,961 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 24,486 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 69.2 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.5 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 2 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 5 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 26.4 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 140 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.90 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 914 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.5 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –3.1 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.1 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –17.3 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 199 Sudan Population (millions) 40.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,376b GDP ($ billions) 97.2 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,920 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,936 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 33.8 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 b 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 b .. .. b Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,600 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 683 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.1 b 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.7 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.7 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 13 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 23 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 24 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 16 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37.5 7,416 58,665 b Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.9 1.8 2.4 b Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 10.6 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,720 b 17,980 128,580 b Mangroves area (sq. km) 9.8 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 375 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 63.1 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 159 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 21.7 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 78.3 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 102 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 673.3 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 56 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 50 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 66 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 13 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 44 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 50 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 70 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 6.5 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.4 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.2 –3.9 16.1 200 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 543 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Suriname 156 GDP ($ billions) 5.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,360 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,024 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 66.0 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 14,011 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,433 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 98.3 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.7 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 9 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 30 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 27 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 44.7 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.1 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –6.7 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 22.9 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 510 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,282 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.8 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,697 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 37.7 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 62.3 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 183,930 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 88 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 61 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 18 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 51.3 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.8 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 11.2 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 27.7 9.4 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 201 Swaziland Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 17 GDP ($ billions) 4.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,280 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,531 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 21.3 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,688 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 936 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.1 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.0 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 8 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 13 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 4 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 11 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.17 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.8 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.5 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,080 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 39.5 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 69 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 58 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 56 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 63 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 22 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.6 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.3 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.2 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.4 –3.9 16.1 202 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Sweden 407 GDP ($ billions) 495.7 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 57,900 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 43,114 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 85.8 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 73,062 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,647 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.9 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 350 527 Threatened species, birds 8 638 923 Threatened species, fish 15 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 4 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 225 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.0 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.3 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.5 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,966 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 23.7 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,480 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.1 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 41.5 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.6 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,636 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 6 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.4 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.2 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.1 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.0 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 203 Switzerland Population (millions) 8.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40 GDP ($ billions) 670.8 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 84,550 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 65,641 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 73.9 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 31,847 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,725 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.7 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.9 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 3 350 527 Threatened species, birds 6 638 923 Threatened species, fish 9 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 4 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.6 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.5 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,060 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.6 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,520 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.8 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 54.3 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.0 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,934 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.0 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 8 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 13 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.3 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.8 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.8 9.5 9.1 204 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Syrian Arab Republic 18.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 184 GDP ($ billions) .. Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,229 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,251 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 57.7 64.2 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 76 33 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 6,275 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,064 2,299 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.7 2.1 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.8 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.7 11.7 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 16 224 1,134 Threatened species, birds 18 279 1,199 Threatened species, fish 51 610 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 13 290 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.6 4,857 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.1 2.0 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –6.5 9.4 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.6 3.8 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 575 2,365 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 971 2,906 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.2 96.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.8 2.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.9 6.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 380 555 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 235.0 138.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 93 90 Rural (% of rural population) 87 89 87 Urban (% of urban population) 92 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 91 52 Rural (% of rural population) 95 87 42 Urban (% of urban population) 96 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 42 61 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 24.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 9.9 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 4.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 205 Tajikistan Population (millions) 8.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 139 GDP ($ billions) 7.9 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,280 24,275 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 980 18,328 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 26.8 70.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 29 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 14.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,939 14,018 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,168 3,910 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.0 38.0 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.9 12.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 7 350 1,134 Threatened species, birds 15 638 1,199 Threatened species, fish 5 1,220 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 12 1,032 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.6 18,438 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.9 –0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.7 2.9 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 338 3,157 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.9 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,492 5,369 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.9 49.8 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 97.1 16.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 7.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,650 7,850 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.1 7.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 47 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 98 90 Rural (% of rural population) 67 96 87 Urban (% of urban population) 93 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 93 52 Rural (% of rural population) 96 89 42 Urban (% of urban population) 94 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 50 19 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 45 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.7 22.5 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 16.1 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –6.5 9.5 16.1 206 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 53.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tanzania 886 GDP ($ billions) 45.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 920 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 785 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 31.6 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 564 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,678 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.0 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 38 918 619 Threatened species, birds 47 876 599 Threatened species, fish 176 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 602 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 383 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.9 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 15.7 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 18.2 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,580 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,287 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 479 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 84.7 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 100 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 57.7 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 41.6 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,621 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.2 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 56 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 46 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 77 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 16 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 8 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 31 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 49 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.9 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.4 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.7 –3.9 –3.8 The Little Green Data Book 2017 207 Thailand Population (millions) 68.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 511 GDP ($ billions) 395.2 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,720 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,395 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 50.4 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,109 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,144 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.1 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.8 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 56 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 51 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 106 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 150 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2,590 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.7 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.2 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,130 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,484 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,990 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.1 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,566 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.9 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.2 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,315 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 25.5 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 90 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 26 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.8 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.2 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.5 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.8 18.1 17.2 208 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Timor-Leste 15 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,290 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,243 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 32.8 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 489 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,923 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.1 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.4 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 5 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 6 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 8 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 1 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.8 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 18.0 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,098 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.3 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 61 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 41 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 27 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 69 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 43.9 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.7 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 209 Togo Population (millions) 7.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 54 GDP ($ billions) 4.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 540 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 357 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 40.0 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 929 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,153 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.5 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.1 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 918 619 Threatened species, birds 11 876 599 Threatened species, fish 35 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 12 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.6 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.4 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.8 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 464 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 79.7 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 155 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 12.0 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 84.5 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,616 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 44 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 91 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 3 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 25 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 33 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.0 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.3 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 13.2 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 9.2 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.2 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.1 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –23.2 –3.9 –3.8 210 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 106 Land area (sq. km) Tonga 720 GDP ($ millions) 435.1 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,280 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,791 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 23.7 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,465 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.5 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.9 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 2 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 5 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 14 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.8 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –5.4 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –18.8 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.6 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,500 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.4 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 89 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 98 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 4 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.6 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.4 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 211 Trinidad and Tobago Population (millions) 1.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.1 GDP ($ billions) 23.6 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,640 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,801 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 8.4 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 2,277 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,320 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.7 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.5 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 5 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 35 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12.7 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –9.4 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.0 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 14,447 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,134 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 34.5 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,835 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.0 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 92 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 14 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.2 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 23.2 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.2 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 6.3 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –8.8 9.4 9.1 212 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tunisia 155 GDP ($ billions) 43.0 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,930 8,229 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,940 6,251 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 66.8 64.2 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 65 33 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 3.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 5,244 6,275 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,756 2,299 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.7 2.1 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.5 –0.8 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.4 11.7 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 14 224 1,134 Threatened species, birds 10 279 1,199 Threatened species, fish 39 610 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 7 290 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 133 4,857 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.5 2.0 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 16.0 9.4 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.7 3.8 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 945 2,365 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.2 0.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,446 2,906 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.0 96.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.3 2.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 6.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 377 555 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 78.8 138.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 93 90 Rural (% of rural population) 93 89 87 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 91 52 Rural (% of rural population) 80 87 42 Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 45 61 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.4 24.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.3 9.9 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 4.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.1 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.6 12.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 213 Turkey Population (millions) 78.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 770 GDP ($ billions) 717.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,950 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,375 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 73.4 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 9,735 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,832 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.2 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.2 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 18 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 20 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 131 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 104 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 671 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 7.7 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,568 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.9 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,836 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.0 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.1 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,928 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.5 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) 86 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 36 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.3 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.8 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.3 9.5 17.2 214 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Turkmenistan 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 35.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,380 24,275 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,662 18,328 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 50.0 70.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 29 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,633 14,018 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,627 3,910 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.8 38.0 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.2 12.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 350 1,056 Threatened species, birds 20 638 1,511 Threatened species, fish 11 1,220 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 4 1,032 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.0 18,438 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.4 –0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –5.3 2.9 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,040 3,157 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.9 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,759 5,369 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 49.8 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.6 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.8 7.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 265 7,850 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1,989.3 7.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 47 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 95 Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 91 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 80 Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 67 Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 31 19 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 16.1 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.1 0.6 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 6.1 1.0 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 215 Turks and Caicos Islands Population (thousands) 34 Land area (sq. km) 950 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 92.2 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.2 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.4 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 2 622 527 Threatened species, birds 2 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 29 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 9 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.8 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.7 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.0 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 730 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 236 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 216 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 10 Land area (sq. km) Tuvalu 30 GDP ($ millions) 32.7 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,230 9,771 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,546 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 59.7 56.6 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 49 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,966 1,657 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,958 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.3 26.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.4 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 1 918 1,056 Threatened species, birds 1 1,097 1,511 Threatened species, fish 12 1,549 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,515 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.1 132,587 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 18.2 0.9 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 17.0 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 203,050 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.40 67,121 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 6.3 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,529 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 95 Rural (% of rural population) 97 90 91 Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 77 80 Rural (% of rural population) 80 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 86 87 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) .. 44 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 97 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 39.1 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.7 20.7 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 2.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.1 17.2 The Little Green Data Book 2017 217 Uganda Population (millions) 39.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 201 GDP ($ billions) 27.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 490 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 16.1 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 469 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,019 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.4 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.1 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 29 918 619 Threatened species, birds 25 876 599 Threatened species, fish 57 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 52 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 514 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.0 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 39.2 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,032 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 76 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 19 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 17 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 29 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 60 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 15 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 23 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.0 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.3 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 13.6 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.2 –3.9 –3.8 218 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 45.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ukraine 579 GDP ($ billions) 90.6 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,640 24,275 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,805 18,328 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 69.7 70.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 29 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 6,310 14,018 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,399 3,910 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 16.7 38.0 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.0 12.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 10 350 1,134 Threatened species, birds 18 638 1,199 Threatened species, fish 24 1,220 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 18 1,032 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 142 18,438 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –7.6 –0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.3 2.9 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.7 13.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,334 3,157 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.8 5.9 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,419 5,369 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 45.8 49.8 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.7 16.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 7.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,217 7,850 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.0 7.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 30 47 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 98 90 Rural (% of rural population) 98 96 87 Urban (% of urban population) 96 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 93 52 Rural (% of rural population) 93 89 42 Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 19 19 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.1 22.5 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.5 16.1 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.6 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.6 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 7.2 1.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.6 9.5 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 219 United Arab Emirates Population (millions) 9.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 84 GDP ($ billions) 370.3 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,090 8,229 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 35,848 6,251 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 85.5 64.2 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 33 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 18,784 6,275 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 41,908 2,299 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.9 2.1 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.8 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.6 11.7 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 8 224 527 Threatened species, birds 12 279 923 Threatened species, fish 17 610 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 0 290 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73.8 4,857 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.4 2.0 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 9.4 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 21.0 3.8 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,190 15,470 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 68.2 513 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,756 2,365 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 11,245 2,906 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.7 96.3 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 18.7 6.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17 555 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2,665.3 138.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 85 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 95 87 99 Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 64 61 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 23 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 24.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 9.9 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 5.2 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.2 4.7 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 2.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 9.1 220 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) United Kingdom 65.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 242 GDP ($ billions) 2,861.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,700 24,275 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 37,441 18,328 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 82.6 70.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 29 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 42,799 14,018 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,697 3,910 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.0 38.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.4 12.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 5 350 527 Threatened species, birds 8 638 923 Threatened species, fish 47 1,220 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 16 1,032 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 912 18,438 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 –0.9 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.1 2.9 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.2 13.0 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,777 3,157 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.1 5.9 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,130 5,369 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.8 49.8 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.8 16.6 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.1 7.3 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,244 7,850 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.7 7.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 13 47 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 12 19 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 90 89 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.1 22.5 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 16.1 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.8 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.0 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.3 9.5 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 221 United States Population (millions) 321.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,147 GDP ($ billions) 18,036.6 North High- Country America income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 55,980 55,117 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 48,683 47,319 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 81.6 81.6 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 26 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 78,224 78,898 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,638 6,867 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.9 36.0 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.9 11.6 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 35 53 527 Threatened species, birds 77 93 923 Threatened species, fish 249 318 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 462 480 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,471 6,522 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.1 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 0.3 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 31.7 16.4 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,250 1,620 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,030 3,030 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,949 7,042 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.7 4.8 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 12,973 13,230 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.5 61.2 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.1 12.9 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.4 16.1 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,836 15,991 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.2 9.3 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 34 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 99 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 100 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 8 8 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 9 8 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 6 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.7 18.8 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.3 15.5 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 5.0 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.4 7.3 9.1 222 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Uruguay 175 GDP ($ billions) 53.4 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,720 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 12,612 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 95.3 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 83 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 18,471 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,003 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.5 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.7 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 10 622 527 Threatened species, birds 22 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 40 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 22 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 59.7 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.2 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 6.0 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,378 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 36.5 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,068 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 9.1 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 74.2 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26,963 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 94 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 93 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 97 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 11 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 86 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.4 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.5 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.5 9.4 9.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 223 Uzbekistan Population (millions) 31.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 425 GDP ($ billions) 66.7 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,160 24,275 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,962 18,328 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 36.4 70.9 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 29 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,777 14,018 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,831 3,910 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.6 38.0 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.0 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.4 12.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 10 350 1,134 Threatened species, birds 20 638 1,199 Threatened species, fish 7 1,220 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 17 1,032 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 59.9 18,438 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.8 –0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.3 2.9 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,419 3,157 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.9 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,645 5,369 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 78.6 49.8 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.4 16.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 7.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 531 7,850 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 342.7 7.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 47 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 98 90 Rural (% of rural population) 81 96 87 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 52 Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 42 Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 40 19 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 89 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.5 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.2 16.1 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.4 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 0.6 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 0.1 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 4.5 1.0 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.1 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 16.1 224 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 265 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Vanuatu 12 GDP ($ millions) 742.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,170 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,881 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 26.1 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 15 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 4,299 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 614 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.1 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.2 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 7 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 9 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 17 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 10 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 75.6 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,110 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 20.5 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 38,627 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 93 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 58 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 55 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 65 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 9 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.5 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.3 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 225 Venezuela, RB Population (millions) 31.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 882 GDP ($ billions) 371.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,780 8,968 8,263 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,987 7,249 6,302 Urban population (% of total) 89.0 79.9 64.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 38 35 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 29,892 7,188 2,208 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,074 4,169 4,104 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.9 46.3 34.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 53.9 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 35 622 1,056 Threatened species, birds 44 1,011 1,511 Threatened species, fish 43 1,642 2,315 Threatened species, higher plants 82 5,108 6,808 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 260 14,416 103,240 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.6 –3.5 –0.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.3 7.7 5.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.8 15.5 9.9 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 20,320 48,880 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,569 41,330 50,774 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,271 1,337 2,192 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 17.1 7.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,661 2,122 3,495 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 31.7 43.1 71.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 68.3 46.5 21.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.1 3.0 6.6 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26,227 22,160 8,261 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.8 2.4 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 71 68 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 95 95 Rural (% of rural population) 78 84 91 Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 83 80 Rural (% of rural population) 70 64 67 Urban (% of urban population) 98 88 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 24 18 42 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 95 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.6 17.7 36.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.2 10.2 18.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 1.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.1 2.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.1 9.4 17.2 226 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 91.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Vietnam 310 GDP ($ billions) 193.6 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,990 9,771 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,736 7,546 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 33.6 56.6 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 49 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 806 1,657 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,578 4,958 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.6 26.3 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.5 15.6 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 55 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 46 1,097 1,199 Threatened species, fish 80 1,549 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 204 3,515 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,208 132,587 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.6 0.9 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 13.5 6.5 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 17.0 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,270 203,050 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,056 67,121 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 668 2,137 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 25.3 7.7 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,439 3,682 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 58.4 76.4 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 41.5 15.0 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 6.3 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,961 4,529 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.8 11.3 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 71 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 90 Rural (% of rural population) 97 90 87 Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 78 77 52 Rural (% of rural population) 70 64 42 Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 28 44 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 97 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.8 39.1 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 20.7 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 2.7 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.9 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.7 18.1 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 227 Virgin Islands (U.S.) Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) 350 GDP ($ millions) 3.8 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,968 41,932 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 7,249 33,454 Urban population (% of total) 95.3 79.9 81.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 36 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) .. 7,188 30,017 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,169 5,919 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.3 46.3 28.9 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.4 –0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.3 23.3 15.7 Threatened species, mammals 1 622 527 Threatened species, birds 1 1,011 923 Threatened species, fish 27 1,642 2,263 Threatened species, higher plants 12 5,108 2,176 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.39 14,416 33,549 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –9.4 –3.5 –1.5 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 7.7 2.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 15.5 23.7 Coral reef area (sq. km) 200 20,320 83,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 41,330 15,283 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,337 4,745 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 17.1 5.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,122 9,066 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 43.1 60.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 12.0 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.0 11.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,160 8,733 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 9.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 41 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 99 Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 99 Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 99 Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 16 18 17 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 62 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 17.7 22.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.2 16.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.4 4.9 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.4 9.1 228 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) West Bank and Gaza 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 6.0 GDP ($ billions) 12.7 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,090 8,229 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,251 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 75.3 64.2 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 33 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 3,802 6,275 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,851 2,299 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.5 2.1 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.8 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 11.7 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 3 224 1,134 Threatened species, birds 13 279 1,199 Threatened species, fish 2 610 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 3 290 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.5 4,857 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.4 2.0 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 9.4 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 3.8 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,365 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,906 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 96.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 2.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 6.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 189 555 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.5 138.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 93 90 Rural (% of rural population) 82 89 87 Urban (% of urban population) 51 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 91 52 Rural (% of rural population) 90 87 42 Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 21 61 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 1.9 24.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 9.9 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 229 Yemen, Rep. Population (millions) 26.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 528 GDP ($ billions) 37.7 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,140 8,229 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,284 6,251 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 34.6 64.2 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 33 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 1,090 6,275 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 963 2,299 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.0 2.1 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.8 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.8 11.7 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 9 224 1,134 Threatened species, birds 18 279 1,199 Threatened species, fish 32 610 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 162 290 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 160 4,857 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.2 2.0 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 9.4 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.6 3.8 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 15,470 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9.3 513 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 324 2,365 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.3 0.6 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 217 2,906 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 96.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 2.6 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 6.0 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 80 555 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 169.8 138.4 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 55 93 90 Rural (% of rural population) 47 89 87 Urban (% of urban population) 72 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 53 91 52 Rural (% of rural population) 34 87 42 Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 53 61 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 12 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 31 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 42 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –5.4 24.7 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.9 9.9 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 5.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 4.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.5 2.1 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 12.9 16.1 230 2017 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Zambia 743 GDP ($ billions) 21.2 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,490 1,631 2,029 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 960 1,239 1,767 Urban population (% of total) 40.9 37.7 39.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 42 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 517 1,219 1,614 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,755 1,452 3,185 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.4 25.7 24.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.9 15.3 12.0 Threatened species, mammals 12 918 1,134 Threatened species, birds 18 876 1,199 Threatened species, fish 20 2,023 2,011 Threatened species, higher plants 20 3,740 3,971 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 106 7,416 58,665 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.5 1.8 2.4 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.9 17.0 12.0 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 128,580 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 68,563 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 631 701 651 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 78.9 57.4 28.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 703 497 777 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.8 64.3 74.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 97.2 21.2 14.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,101 3,986 3,003 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.0 3.2 18.4 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 65 68 90 Rural (% of rural population) 51 56 87 Urban (% of urban population) 86 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 44 30 52 Rural (% of rural population) 36 23 42 Urban (% of urban population) 56 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 27 36 58 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 64 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.3 14.4 27.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.8 13.8 9.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 3.3 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.7 0.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.7 0.9 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.6 2.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.2 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.6 –3.9 16.1 The Little Green Data Book 2017 231 Zimbabwe Population (millions) 15.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 387 GDP ($ billions) 14.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 860 1,631 619 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 755 1,239 497 Urban population (% of total) 32.4 37.7 30.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 42 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2010 $) 422 1,219 504 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 541 1,452 1,486 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.4 25.7 27.4 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.9 0.5 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.6 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 918 619 Threatened species, birds 17 876 599 Threatened species, fish 3 2,023 1,156 Threatened species, higher plants 17 3,740 1,962 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.1 7,416 3,954 Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.5 1.8 2.2 Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 11.2 17.0 3.1 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,520 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,778 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 758 701 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 63.1 57.4 79.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 543 497 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 44.4 64.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 54.2 21.2 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 804 3,986 4,629 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 29.1 3.2 3.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 66 Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 56 Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 30 28 Rural (% of rural population) 31 23 23 Urban (% of urban population) 49 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (μg/cu. m) 23 36 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 99 99 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 16 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 71 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 1.0 14.4 14.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 13.8 10.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 3.3 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.7 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 0.9 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 6.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 3.3 1.6 1.2 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.2 1.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –16.1 –3.9 –3.8 232 2017 The Little Green Data Book Notes a. Refers to area free from ice. b. Includes South Sudan. The Little Green Data Book 2017 233 Glossary Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population using improved sanitation facilities. Improved sanitation facilities are likely to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. They include flush/pour flush (to piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine), ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, and composting toilet. (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation; data are for 2015) Access to improved water source refers to the percentage of the population using an improved drinking water source. An improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection). (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation; data are for 2015) Acute respiratory infection prevalence is the percentage of children under age five with acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the survey. (ICF International; data are for the most recent year available during 2008–14) Adjusted net national income per capita equals gross national income minus consumption of fixed capital, energy depletion, mineral depletion, and net forest depletion, divided by midyear population. (World Bank; data are for 2015) Adjusted net savings equal gross savings minus consumption of fixed capital, plus education expenditures, minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and air pollution damage. (World Bank; data are for 2015) Agricultural irrigated land refers to agricultural areas purposely provided with water, including land irrigated by controlled flooding. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2014) Agricultural land is arable land, land under permanent crops, and permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as land under temporary crops (double- cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2014) Agricultural productivity is the ratio of agricultural value added, measured in 2010 U.S. dollars, to the number of workers in agriculture. Agricultural productivity is measured by value added per unit of input. Agricultural value added includes that from forestry and fishing. Thus interpretations of land 234 2017 The Little Green Data Book Glossary productivity should be made with caution. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank; data are for 2014) Air pollution damage is the damage due to exposure of a country’s population to ambient concentrations of particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), ambient ozone pollution, and indoor concentrations of PM2.5 in households cooking with solid fuels. Damages are calculated as foregone labor income due to premature death. (Data on health impacts from pollution exposure are from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease Study 2015; data are for 2015) Aquaculture growth is the exponential change in aquaculture fisheries production for the period indicated. Aquaculture is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Aquaculture production specifically refers to output from aquaculture activities, which are designated for final harvest for consumption. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2000–2015) Capture fisheries growth is the exponential change in capture fisheries production for the period indicated. Capture fisheries production measures the volume of fish catches landed by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational, and subsistence purposes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2000–2015) Carbon dioxide (CO2) damage, following the World Bank guidelines for the social cost of carbon, is estimated at $30 per tCO2e emitted in 2015 (in 2014 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2015) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear population. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, World Bank, and United Nations; data are for 2013) Cereal yield measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2014) Consumption of fixed capital is the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. (United Nations, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the Penn World Table (Feenstra, Inklaar, and Timmler 2015), with missing data estimated by World Bank staff; data are for 2015) Coral reef area is a country’s area of coral reefs, which are shallow marine habitats defined both by a physical structure (corals) and by the organisms found on them. (See The World Atlas of Coral Reefs (2001), UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) The Little Green Data Book 2017 235 Glossary Deforestation is the permanent conversion of natural forest area to other uses, including shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranching, settlements, and infrastructure development. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fuel-wood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires. Negative numbers indicate an increase in forest areas. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2000–2015) Diarrhea prevalence is the percentage of children under age five who had diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey. (ICF International; data are for the most recent year available during 2008–14) Education expenditure is public current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2015 from the most recent year available) Electric power consumption per capita is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants, minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants plus imports minus exports divided by midyear population. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2014) Electricity generated by hydropower is use of hydropower as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2014) Electricity generated using fossil fuel is use of coal, oil, and gas as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2014) Energy depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of energy resources to the remaining reserve lifetime. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2015) Energy from biomass products and waste is energy from solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, industrial waste, and municipal waste as a percentage of total energy use. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2014) Energy use per capita refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2014) Fisheries production, total, measures the volume of aquatic species caught by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational and subsistence purposes. The harvest from mariculture, aquaculture and other types of fish farming is also included. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2015) Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2015) 236 2017 The Little Green Data Book Glossary Freshwater withdrawal, agriculture, is withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. (World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2017, Primary data documentation.) Freshwater withdrawal, total, is total water withdrawal, excluding evaporation losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is significant water reuse. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2017, Sources and methods.) GDP is gross domestic product and measures the total output of goods and services for final use occurring within the domestic territory of a given country, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. GDP at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2015) GNI is gross domestic product plus net receipts of primary income (employee compensation and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is in current U.S. dollars, converted using the World Bank Atlas method (see World Development Indicators 2017, Sources and methods). (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2015) GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) divided by midyear population. Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers. (World Bank and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; data are for 2015) Internal freshwater resources per capita are internal renewable resources, which include flows of rivers and groundwater from rainfall in the country but excludes river flows from other countries, divided by midyear population. (Refers to data reported to the Food and Agriculture Organization as of 2014) Land area is a country’s total land area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2015) Mangroves area is a country’s total area of mangroves, which are plants of a variety of different species, including trees, shrubs, palms, and ferns, that grow in the tropics and subtropics in saline inter-tidal coastal habitats, The Little Green Data Book 2017 237 Glossary such as estuaries and shorelines. (See The World Atlas of Mangroves (2010), International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, The Nature Conservancy, Food and Agriculture Organization, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain—and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features—that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2014) Mineral depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of mineral resources to the remaining reserve lifetime. It covers bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, gold, silver, and zinc. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2015) Net forest depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the excess of round-wood harvest over natural growth. If growth exceeds harvest, this figure is zero. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank estimates of natural growth; data are for 2015) PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) is the portion of a country’s population living in places where mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 are greater than 10 micrograms per cubic meter, the guideline value recommended by the World Health Organization as the lower end of the range of concentrations over which adverse health effects due to PM2.5 exposure have been observed. (For data sources, see van Donkelaar et al (2016), GBD 2015 (2016), and Shaddick et al (2016); data are for 2015) PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure, is the average level of exposure of a nation’s population to concentrations of suspended particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas. (For data sources, see van Donkelaar et al (2016), GBD 2015 (2016), and Shaddick et al (2016); data are for 2015) Population is the midyear estimate of all residents regardless of legal status citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. (United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, Eurostat, United Nations Statistical Division, United States Census Bureau, and World Bank; data are midyear estimates for 2015) Terrestrial protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries; protected landscapes and seascapes; and scientific reserves. It includes World Conservation Union–protected area categories I–VI. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2014) 238 2017 The Little Green Data Book Glossary Threatened species, birds, are the number of species of birds classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2016) Threatened species, fish, are the number of species of fish—cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2016) Threatened species, higher plants, are the number of native vascular plant species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2016) Threatened species, mammals, are the number of species of mammals— excluding whales and porpoises—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2016) Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before age five if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year. (United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; data are for 2015) Urban population is the share of the midyear population living in areas defined as urban in each country. (United Nations; data are for 2015) The Little Green Data Book 2017 239 References FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN). 2016. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016 (SOFIA). Rome: FAO. Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar, and Marcel P. Timmer. 2015. “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table.” [www.ggdc.net/pwt]. GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators, “Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015,” Lancet 388 (2016): 1659–724. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2016. Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 data. University of Washington, Seattle. [https://www.healthdata. org/gbd/data]. Mele, Gianluca. 2014. “Mauritania: Counting on Natural Wealth for a Sustainable Future.” Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6887. World Bank, Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986 /18798 Shaddick, G., M.L. Thomas, A. Jobling, M. Brauer, A. van Donkelaar, R. Burnett, H.H. Chang, A. Cohen, R. Van Dingenen, C. Dora, S. Gumy, Y. Liu, R.V. Martin, L.A. Waller, J. West, J.V. Zidek, A. Prüss-Ustün, “Data Integration Model for Air Quality: A Hierarchical Approach to the Global Estimation of Exposures to Ambient Air Pollution,” submitted to Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 26 September 2016. van Donkelaar, A., R.V. Martin, M. Brauer, N.C. Hsu, R.A. Kahn, R.C. Levy, A. Lyapustin, A.M. Sayer, D.M. Winker, “Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors,” Environ. Sci. Technol 50, no. 7 (2016): 3762–3772. World Bank; Food and Agriculture Organization. 2009. The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform. Agriculture and Rural Development. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle /10986/2596 World Bank. 2011. The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Bank. 2017a. The Sunken Billions Revisited: Progress and Challenges in Global Marine Fisheries. Environment and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/24056 World Bank. 2017b. World Development Indicators 2017. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Bank. Forthcoming. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2017. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. 240 2017 The Little Green Data Book