ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Front and back cover image Maputo, Mozambique. ©Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Designed by: Vincent Caudry CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 The Cities Alliance Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Portfolio Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Joint Work Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 The Future Cities Africa Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Regional Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Country Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Country Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Intermediation Portfolio . . . . .49 Catalytic Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Global Dialogue/Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Communications and Advocacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Global Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 List of Knowledge Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) . . . . . . . . . . 62 Financials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 The Cities Alliance Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Corporate Scorecard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Annex 1 Indicator Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Tier I: Cities Alliance Programme Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Tier II: Cities Alliance Programme Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Tier III: Cities Alliance Intermediate Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . .84 Tier IV: Cities Alliance Secretariat Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Annex 2 Tier III - Intermediate Outcomes - 2016 Snapshot . . . . . . . . . . .90 FOREWORD It gives me great pleasure to provide the Foreword to the 2016 Annual Report of the Cities Alliance. While all years are declared special, 2016 certainly stands out. Foundation, through which the Cities Alliance provided oversight to the balance of the Foundation’s urban portfolio. This, too, has been an extremely valuable undertaking; one of the direct outcomes is the Liberia Country Programme, spearheaded by the Monrovia City Corporation. At the Corporate level, 2016 saw the outcome of the governance reforms initiated following the move to Brussels and to the UNOPS platform. The expanded membership met in Brussels in April 2017 to elect Khalifa Sall, Mayor of Dakar, as President of the Cities Alliance Assembly, and to elect a new Management Board, representing the six constituencies of the Assembly. For my part, I was honoured to be elected as the first Chairperson of the new Board, and thank the members for the confidence they have shown in me. In 2016, the Cities Alliance completed a number of major, complex work programmes. First, the World At a global level, the highlight was undoubtedly Bank successfully completed and closed the Legacy the Third United Nations Conference on Housing portfolio of projects that it had managed following and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in the relocation of the Cities Alliance in 2013. I wish Quito, which led to the adoption of the New Urban to record our appreciation to the World Bank for the Agenda. Following the adoption of Agenda 2030 professional and efficient manner in which this was for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate completed. Agreement in 2015, the international community now has a very clear roadmap for the next 15 years. For Secondly, the Cities Alliance completed five Country the first time, the role of cities in achieving this agenda Programmes that marked the decisive shift in the has been clearly and unambiguously recognised. move to a longer-term and more effective approach to development. Again, I need to record our thanks to Ordinary residents, in slums and in suburbs, are the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which showed its unlikely to be very familiar with the content of these confidence in the Cities Alliance with an all-important agreements. But they will certainly be aware of the grant of $15 million. I further wish to acknowledge their challenges that the agreements address: Growing flexibility, which was a key ingredient in the success inequality, social exclusion, dangerous trends of of the Country Programmes, which have been well increasing intolerance and real threats to our common reviewed by Accenture. future. In 2017, the Cities Alliance will build upon its existing track record and seek to maximise its Third, the Cities Alliance completed the Future Cities contribution to the implementation of these global Africa programme, with the financial support of the agreements. UK’s Department for International Development (DFID). The FCA programme was the centrepiece of the very successful workshop on our Africa Strategy, which we co-hosted with the Government of Ghana in September 2016. The programme delivered a feasibility study, critical research, digital tools and innovative studies and tools for the four-country, Clare Short 21-city focus. Chair, Cities Alliance Management Board Finally, the Cities Alliance is in the final stages of completing its contract with the Bill & Melinda Gates THE CITIES ALLIANCE PARTNERSHIP Cities Alliance is the global partnership for poverty reduction and the promotion of cities in sustainable development. We are a responsive and dynamic global partnership committed to innovation, improved collaboration, and coherence of effort. Members promote longer- “At the Cities Alliance, informal term and integrated work programmes, while actively promoting gender equality throughout all activities. workers sit round the same table Cities Alliance currently has a representative global as large donors. Community activists, membership of over 30 full and Associate members. urban analysts and city associations They comprise six constituencies: come together to develop global • National Governments agendas and local solutions. There’s • Multilateral Institutions no other organisation quite like it, • Associations of Local Governments creating urban connections, urging • International Non-Governmental Organisations a coherence of effort between • Private Sector and Foundations critical constituencies in cities • Universities and Knowledge Networks around the world.” – Simon Kennedy, CMAP, at the 2016 Cities Inaugurating the Cities Alliance Assembly Alliance Assembly The Cities Alliance partnership marked a milestone • South Africa (National Department of Human event when the Inaugural Assembly meeting was Settlements) held in Brussels on 6 and 7 April 2016. The meeting exceeded expectations with its thought-provoking • Switzerland (Swiss State for Economic Affairs) thematic sessions, invigorating debates and structured • United Kingdom (Department for International governance procedures. It resulted in the appointment Development) of a new governing body that will lead and shape the Cities Alliance for the next three years. Local governments: Among the highlights were the election of Mayor • ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability of Dakar Khalifa Sall as President, and The Right Honourable Clare Short, United Kingdom’s former • United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) Secretary of State for International Development, as Chair of the Management Board. Non-governmental organisations: On 7 April Cities Alliance also welcomed a new • Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI) 11-member1 Management Board made up of the six constituencies in the partnership. The new • Slum Dwellers International (SDI) Management Board is represented by: Private Sector/Foundations: Governments: • Omidyar Network • Ghana (Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development) 1 United Nations Environment was subsequently confirmed as the 12th member of the Board. 3 The Cities Alliance Partnership Empowered lives. Resilient nations. 4 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Universities, research centres As a global partnership committed to strengthening and knowledge networks: and supporting the role of cities in sustainable development and urban poverty reduction, Cities • Sustainable Development Solutions Alliance requires members and partners who can Network (SDSN) bring complementarity to the Alliance to achieve is vision of sustainable cities without slums. Membership expanded to include seven new Multi-lateral organisations: members in 2016: • UN-Habitat Full Members: A Strategy for Partnership • The Government of Ghana • Omidyar Network In 2016, the Cities Alliance produced its first Partnership Strategy, agreeing on a common • New York University – Marron Institute framework for its business approach. For Cities • Sustainable Development Solutions Alliance, a partnership is an ongoing relationship Network (SDSN) between organisations from different sectors. Combining resources and competencies, sharing risks and rewards, and achieving agreed partnership Associate Members: objectives that maximise net value to all partners. • Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) Members agreed to strengthen and consolidate • The United Nations Office for (UNISDR) Cities Alliance’s identity as a global partnership with a diverse constituency, and confirmed the partnership’s • The Avina Foundation principles of equity, transparency and value for all Cities Alliance members. GETTING TO KNOW CITIES ALLIANCE MEMBERS In the leadup to the inaugural Assembly meeting in April 2016, Cities Alliance created a series of postcards to help members get to know each other. The postcards were sent out to members via email and posted on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4b18T-Swsc Getting to Know Cities Alliance Member (1) 5 PORTFOLIO REVIEW During 2016, Cities Alliance approved 38 projects with over $6.4 million of funding through grant and procurement contracts. All amounts are in U.S. dollars. By Region The bulk of funding was allocated to projects in the Africa region in 2016: NUMBER OF PROJECTS APPROVED BY REGION, 2016 NUMBER OF REGION $ AMOUNT* PROJECTS Africa 15 2,302,055 Global 9 1,346,873 Middle East and North Africa 4 1,328,728 Latin America and the Caribbean 5 781,734 Asia 4 534,018 Europe 1 125,305 TOTAL 38 6,418,713 *Includes projects funded through grant and procurement contracts. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECTS APPROVED BY REGION, 2016 Global, $1,346,873, Africa, 21% $2,302,055, 36% Middle East and North Africa, $1,328,728, 21% Asia, $534,018, Latin America and 8% the Caribbean, Europe, $781,734, $125,305, 12% 2% 6 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 By Cities Alliance Business Line By Delivery Type When broken down by business line, most approved In 2016, 82 per cent of projects approved were funding went to country and innovation programmes for technical assistance: in 2016: PROJECT APPROVAL BY BUSINESS LINES / PROJECT APPROVAL BY DELIVERY TYPE PROGRAMME TYPE NUMBER OF TYPE OF NUMBER OF DELIVERY TYPE $ AMOUNT* $ AMOUNT* PROJECTS ACTIVITY PROJECTS Technical 28 5,254,716 CATF Innovation 11 1,538,050 Assistance Programme Knowledge 10 1,163,997 Country 14 2,999,355 Programme TOTAL 38 6,418,713 Joint Work 5 849,472 *Includes projects funded through grant and procurement Programme contracts. Regional Strategies 3 599,021 Other Strategic 3 241,940 Technical Initiatives Assistance, Knowledge, $5,254,716, $1,163,997, Special Initiatives 2 190,875 82% 18% TOTAL 38 6,418,713 *Includes projects funded through grant and procurement contracts. CATF Innovation Programme, Special $1,538,050, Initiative, 24% $190,875, Regional 3% Strategies, $599,021, 9% Other Strategic Initiatives, Country $241,940, Programme, 4% Joint Work $2,999,355, Programme, 47% $849,472, 13% 7 GLOBAL Cities Alliance’s global activities in 2016 were mainly implemented through our Joint Work Programmes and the Future Cities Africa programme, undertaken with support from DFID. Organizing (WIEGO), the Ford Foundation, UNCDF, Joint Work Programmes UN-Habitat, and the World Bank. Joint Work Programmes (JWPs) are multi-year projects between Cities Alliance members, facilitated by the Global Policy Dialogue Secretariat, that focus on the coordinated development In May 2016, the JWP organised its first annual policy and dissemination of joint knowledge products, such dialogue to explore the capacity of widespread public as studies, toolkits and e-learning courses. The JWPs goods and service access to generate local economic facilitate implementation of priorities laid out in the Cities development. Alliance Medium-Term Strategy, which for 2013-2017 includes Equitable Economic Growth, Gender, Advocacy Gathering some 50 participants from 35 institutions, for Habitat III, and Resilient Cities. the London meeting provided a forum for participants to share experiences and recommendations on available tools, remaining knowledge gaps, and how to raise EQUITABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH global awareness of local solutions. A brainstorming session provided ideas to guide the production of a In 2016, the JWP on Equitable Economic Growth series of knowledge products, including a discussion took Cities Alliance into new terrain, both thematically paper on gender-responsive service delivery. and geographically. Its first year of operations was devoted to exploring and mobilising support for its The meeting confirmed fundamental mission and approach: To foster equitable the relevance and importance economic growth through improved access to public of the thematic direction of the goods and services in cities. This is simultaneously one JWP, while also highlighting of the most important and difficult challenges facing the complexity of the issues. local and national leaders, particularly in small and The conversation was captured medium-sized cities. in a report published on the Cities Alliance website, and The JWP operates through three components: republished online by OECD Global policy dialogue, generating globally relevant and WIEGO, a Cities Alliance knowledge, and Equitable Economic Growth Campaign member. Cities. Chaired by DFID, members also include the Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF), The JWP will organise another Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and global policy dialogue in 2017 to share additional ideas and champion the role of cities in fostering equitable, inclusive and sustainable economic development. The JWP has actively engaged with various partners to ensure broad support and cooperation. It is clear from the Habitat III process and the formulation of the New Urban Agenda that the idea of promoting the economic potential of cities, together with conscious efforts to curb rising inequalities, is gaining traction in the global development agenda. In March 2016, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Ford Foundation, a member of Cities Alliance, launched their Inclusive Growth in Cities Campaign in New York. Cities Alliance joined the campaign as a supporting institution. The JWP participated at the launch in New York and at the second meeting of the Champion Mayors in Paris in November. The Cities Development Initiative for Asia (CDIA) joined the JWP group as a partner in June. 8 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 The JWP mainstreams gender in all its research and advocacy products. Globally Relevant Knowledge and Advocacy significance of access to public space for informal economic activity and livelihoods. Active communication efforts supported the JWP’s global advocacy: Equitable Economic Growth City Campaign • Two online articles shared members’ views of equitable economic growth and the partnership with At the local level, the JWP initiated activities under its the Inclusive Growth in Cities Campaign. third component, the Equitable Economic Growth City Campaign, in two countries: Uganda and Bangladesh. • A newsletter was disseminated in September In these Campaign Cities, JWP members support local providing an update on past and upcoming activities. initiatives to promote equitable access to public goods It reached 97 recipients representing 53 institutions and services through focus areas adapted to the city’s and was published by partners such as the OECD. specific needs and context. Each Campaign City produces • A JWP brochure was produced. an Institutional Enabling Environment Report, a Local • A webinar was held in November to cover lessons Assessment Report, and city-level, evidence-based policy learned from the development of a diagnostic toolkit briefs and recommendations. to foster equitable economic growth. Uganda The JWP’s global knowledge production and advocacy The two Ugandan secondary cities of Mbale and Gulu work will accelerate in 2017 with a series of discussion were the first to endorse the declaration and kick off the papers exploring specific issues, such as gendered two-year Campaign. Both cities held the first of three barriers to public goods and service access, and the workshops in December to identify priority areas related Led by the Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF), the JWP organised a well-attended side event at Habitat III in Quito to discuss practical policy actions needed to empower cities to plan, finance, and deliver public goods and services to create jobs and battle urban inequality. Photo: Cities Alliance 9 produced by the Secretariat that mapped powers and responsibilities of each campaign city related to the provision and financing of public goods and services. Recognising the detrimental effect of gendered barriers to public goods and service access that are often embedded in national governance frameworks, the IEER’s analytic framework pays special attention to the representation of women. The ongoing City Campaign in Uganda will be led by the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF). Bangladesh For the first time as a partnership, Cities Alliance launched activities in Bangladesh when the two cities of Sylhet and Narayanganj were selected for the Equitable Economic Growth City Campaign. The first outputs under the initiative are expected in the first quarter of 2017, including the Kick-off Workshops A woman participates in the Mbale City Campaign and IEERs. To secure maximum local buy-in and workshop. Photo: Cities Alliance expertise, the City Campaign in Bangladesh will be implemented by the BRAC Institute for Governance and Development, a Bangladeshi NGO. to specific goods or service deficits for further in-depth research, which will eventually provide an evidence base for action-orientated policy Looking ahead recommendations. In 2017, the JWP will initiate City Campaigns in Nigeria and Ghana. As the campaigns progress, The city campaign in Uganda is based on a priorities are set, and evidence is gathered, the participatory model, allowing contributions from coming year will also provide opportunities to public, private and civil society stakeholders – draw on local realities for globally-relevant policy enabled by the Municipal Development Forums recommendations through peer-to-peer learning supported under the Cities Alliance Country and wider dissemination of knowledge and Programme Transforming Settlements of the Urban good practice. Poor in Uganda (TSUPU). The workshop discussions were informed by an Institutional Enabling Environment Report (IEER) Kickoff of the Equitable Economic Growth Campaigns in Mbale and Gulu, Uganda. Photos: Cities Alliance 10 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 EQUITABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH DIAGNOSTICS Responding to its focus on supporting equity and economic growth in cities, Cities Alliance has developed a diagnostic toolkit to help cities assess barriers and opportunities for equitable economic growth. Positioned within the conceptual framework of the Cities Alliance JWP on Equitable Economic Growth in Cities, and building on the work of the Country Programmes, the toolkit consists of a set of workbooks and a user manual designed to assess levels of access to public goods and services and the impact on equitable economic growth in cities. The project was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, managed by the Cities Alliance Secretariat, and implemented by IPE TripleLine. The workbooks and manual are intended to assist city administrations to collect and analyse data highlighting how economic growth trajectories are related to the provision of and access to urban infrastructure and services, as experienced by individuals, communities and formal and informal businesses. The toolkit is designed to respond to the data scarcity and capacity constraints that characterise most secondary cities in Africa by incorporating a mix of quantitative and qualitative indicators at levels of disaggregation adaptable to the local context. The toolkit applies extended and supporting indicators to facilitate the collection of gender disaggregated data on, for example, employment patterns, land usage, road and ICT connectivity. Beyond the data collection phase, the manual provides a specific section on gender inclusion and its importance in designing policies and strategies to promote equitable economic growth. The toolkit was piloted in four secondary cities in Africa: Dori, Burkina Faso; Mbale, Uganda; Tema, Ghana; and Nampula, Mozambique. The piloting exercise generated important lessons about the toolkit and the city economies in which it was tested – snapshots of the state of access to public goods and services, as well as insights on potential drivers and constraints to equitable economic growth. The development and piloting of the toolkit developed key insights and established relationships that subsequently provided the basis for the JWP on Equitable Economic Growth in Cities. The thematic focus on the role of improved access to public goods and services in fostering more equitable and productive cities has been mainstreamed in the JWP. It has also established a continued engagement to support equitable economic growth in Mbale, building directly on the engagement around the toolkit. A webinar was held in November to present the toolkit to JWP members and partners. The session recordings, along with a feature article, accompanied the public release of the toolkit on the Cities Alliance website. It generated positive feedback and interest from a range of members and partners and was covered in an article on Extract from the Toolkit Manual: one-page workbooks nextcity.org. 11 HABITAT III JWP members’ engagement in the negotiations and consultations towards Habitat III. In 2014, Cities Alliance established a JWP aimed at mobilising members to create and deliver a common set of priority messages to inform and influence the Survey shows member satisfaction with the Post 2015 Agenda in preparation for the Third United JWP Habitat III Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable The Cities Alliance Secretariat conducted a survey Urban Development (Habitat III). The first phase of the of members at the end of the first phase of the JWP JWP ended in 2016, and the second phase – which to assess whether its objectives had been met. The will focus on implementing the New Urban Agenda – survey found that members were overall very satisfied will begin in 2017. with the results of the JWP (see Figure 1). According to its members, the JWP has been The JWP members highlighted that the overall a resounding success, participating in global objective of delivering common messages was met, negotiations as a coherent, dedicated group with even though they all have different focus areas and a strong voice in support of the important role institutional perspectives. However, some members cities play in sustainable development. Chaired by mentioned that the messages could have been BMZ, it comprises 12 members and two permanent stronger, more compelling, and more specific. observers, DFID and SECO. Almost all member organisations mentioned that Over the course of phase one, members jointly their expectations were fulfilled, as their voices were developed advocacy material with key messages heard and the JWP suggestions were integrated for promoting the role of inclusive cities in the in the New Urban Agenda and Agenda 2030. The 2030 Agenda. The JWP’s common message at main objective and the delivered outputs of the JWP policy dialogues in the leadup to Habitat III centred was highly rated (81 per ent satisfaction), while the on the key role of partnerships between national management of the JWP received an approval rating governments, local governments, and organised of 86 per cent. civil society in creating well-run, productive, inclusive and sustainable cities with opportunities for all. (A Most members noted that their interest in Habitat joint position paper highlights the value, experience III and the possibilities to enhance and create and crucial role of partnerships in achieving poverty successful partnerships with key stakeholders were reduction in cities and implementing the New high motivating factors in their decision to join the Urban Agenda.) JWP. Members also mentioned that they expected to improve the advocacy work of their organisations The JWP also increased its participation and both in Brussels and in Quito during Habitat III by engagement at other global negotiations closely discussing the main sustainable urban development linked to Habitat III, such as United Nations Climate issues with relevant actors. Change Conference (COP 21) and the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and Africities Summits. Most members were interested in joining a singular Joint side events opened up space for discussion multi-stakeholder platform that would allow them and the opportunity to promote the JWP’s key to influence policy making regarding the SDGs and messages and the urban agenda. the New Urban Agenda. A decisive factor was the opportunity to make a difference by working with At the SDG Summit, it became clear that local urban like-minded organisations concerned with raising stakeholders will have to be substantially involved in the visibility of the issues of sustainable cities. implementing the SDGs to achieve 65 per cent of the targets. In view of this assessment, demonstrating the value of inclusive partnerships for shaping the future of our cities became even more relevant. FIGURE 1: RESULTS OF JWP HABITAT III MEMBER SURVEY ON HOW WELL ITS The JWP increased the Cities Alliance partnership’s OBJECTIVES WERE MET: visibility in support of a common agenda towards Habitat III. It supported close coordination among 10 10 members and strengthened coherence of effort in their global advocacy activities. Continuous updates allowed the flow of information to close knowledge 8 gaps within the JWP and its diverse constituencies. The JWP also conducted regular analyses of the 6 process and political situation around Habitat III. With the numerous processes and events that took place 4 in the run up to Habitat III, these joint assessments 4 3 helped JWP members prioritise their efforts and resources. Members also identified priority topics for 2 the New Urban Agenda and jointly worked on lessons learned and key messages for these focal areas. This 0 0 substantive work was a valuable contribution to the 0 1-Not met 2 3 4 5-Highly met 12 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 The overwhelming majority of members said that the work of Cities Alliance members in fostering their expectations were fulfilled. partnerships. It was launched at the Cities Alliance booth at Habitat III. Deliverables by Output • Articles on “Finding a truly common vision for African cities” published on Citiscope and El Pais; Output: Synthesised Cities Alliance and member and “Why we need inclusive partnerships for experiences to develop evidence-based advocacy the new urban agenda” published on the Cities messages promoting the role of cities and sustainable Alliance website. development in the Post 2015 Agenda/ Sustainable Development Goals in the preparation process for • With support of the Centre of Partnerships for Habitat III. Development (CAD) the JWP developed the video “Towards Habitat III: The Power of Partnerships”, According to the JWP members, this output was fully establishing the link between Habitat III and the met with the following deliverables: Climate Agreement which was shown at COP22 in Marrakesh. • JWP position paper • Advocacy strategy Output: To increase the participation and engagement of the Cities Alliance partnership at global negotiations • Factsheet with infographics for the Post 2015 Agenda/ Sustainable Development • JWP website and one-pager about its work Goals in the preparation process for Habitat III • A Background Paper on the role of partnerships • A discussion paper “Framing, Impacts and Key between the organised civil society and Elements of the New Urban Agenda” was published governments to foster a sustainable future for all in following the JWP planning workshop in Bonn cities by Prof. Peter Herrle, head of the Habitat Unit, January 2016. Berlin University of Technology, was finalised and published on www.citiesalliance.org. • A JWP meeting to respond rapidly to the Zero Draft of the New Urban Agenda was organised in May • Social media campaigns around different 2016 in New York. JWP events. • Several input papers were developed by the JWP • Advocacy web campaign in cooperation with to inform the discussions around the Zero Draft of Devex to promote the New Urban Agenda. A the New Urban Agenda on the following issues: webinar on the NUA was organised on 10 August The principle of subsidiarity, enabling conditions 2016: “Exploring the local and global impacts of for local governance, monitoring and review Habitat III”. mechanisms, inclusive multi-level partnerships • CoLab for Change video series: A multimedia case for building liveable cities, integrated territorial study collection to provide supporting evidence for development including rural-urban linkages, the JWP’s key message. The case studies highlight and the Right to the City. WATCH: TOWARDS HABITAT III: THE POWER OF PARTNERSHIPS This video from the Cities Alliance JWP for Habitat III highlights the importance of partnerships in the Habitat III process and in implementing the New Urban Agenda. It was produced by CAD on behalf of the JWP: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkTenCBNVyA Cities Alliance - Towards Habitat III: The Power of Partnerships 13 GENDER EQUALITY AND Producing a report in collaboration with Habitat III JWP and Huairou Commission WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT JOINT The Gender JWP joined efforts with the Habitat III JWP WORK PROGRAMME and the Huairou Commission to provide advice on how to embed gender in the New Urban Agenda. A report Cities Alliance believes strongly that women are was produced and presented by Jan Peterson, Chair sources of positive and transformational change of the Huairou Commission, to the members of the in cities, and as a partnership we are committed to Habitat III JWP in New York City on 5 June. helping make this change happen. Cities Alliance is working to position itself to be Expert Group Meeting on Gender Perspectives in gender-responsive by the time the Strategic Plan 2018- the New Urban Agenda 2022 is produced. In 2016, the Joint Work Programme In June, members of the Gender JWP held an Expert on Gender Equality focused on mainstreaming Group Meeting on Embedding Gender in the Zero gender in the internal work of the Cities Alliance Draft of the New Urban Agenda in partnership with Secretariat and supporting other working programmes UN Women, UN-Habitat and the Huairou Commission. in mainstreaming gender. This required a year-long, Outputs of the meeting included: inward-looking exercise with members of staff, gender- mainstreaming specialists, and a gender diagnosis of • A joint communiqué containing key messages of our main programmatic line: The Country Programmes. these institutions for engendering the New Urban Agenda, and The exercise was implemented in three steps: • Language Recommendations on the Zero Draft 1. The Secretariat established the Gender Equality that were officially submitted to the Habitat III Team (GET). The GET is an internal structure Secretariat. to guide and institutionalise gender equality processes. It provides guidance, institutional The Expert Group Meeting was followed by a parallel monitoring, and quality assurance for the event hosted by the Gender JWP, UN Women, Huairou Secretariat’s work. In January 2016, the Secretariat Commission and UN-Habitat during the Habitat III adopted a Terms of Reference that outlines a informal hearing sessions at UN Headquarters on comprehensive gender mainstreaming approach 6 June. At the well-attended meeting, UN staff and throughout its work. civil society activists heard presentations on the results of the Expert Group Meeting, its key messages, 2. A gender-responsiveness assessment undertaken. and priorities. An assessment of the Secretariat’s level of gender- responsiveness involved informed data, experience, and reflection among staff members, and it led to concrete actions for change. A set of baseline assessments on priority areas was conducted with recommendations for follow up action and targets for the Secretariat. In 2016, the focus was on internal processes and Cities Alliance staff. In 2017, the focus will be on changes to Tier III Outputs, Tier IV Outcomes, and the Results Framework. By the beginning of 2018, these three areas will be gender- responsive and the Cities Alliance partnership will be able to demonstrate measurable progress towards gender equity. 3. SKL evaluated gender mainstreaming in Country Programmes. Cities Alliance provided a grant to SKL International – the implementing partner of SIDA – to diagnose gender-responsiveness in the Country Programmes (see below). Highlighting Gender at the Cities Alliance Africa Strategy Workshop Mobilisation and Campaign Efforts From 14-16 September, Cities Alliance hosted an Africa Over the past year, the Gender JWP engaged in Strategy Workshop in Ghana that featured a session on numerous activities and dialogues to help ensure that gender mainstreaming in projects and programmes gender was embedded in the New Urban Agenda. in Africa. Panelists included representatives from 14 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Burkina Faso, Tunisia, Mozambique and Liberia, who shared their experiences on how cities and national governments in their home countries have mainstreamed gender in projects and programmes. Putting Gender at the Forefront of Cities Alliance Participation in Habitat III At Habitat III in Quito 17-20 October, the Cities Alliance partnership presented Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment as one of its main commitments towards improving cities. Cities Alliance hosted three events on gender at Habitat III: • Event I: Technologies and Data-Gathering for Women’s Empowerment. This event was held in partnership between Cities Alliance, Safetipin (grantee of the Cities Alliance Catalytic Fund), the municipality of Bogotá, the City of Nairobi and AVINA Guatemala. In a two-part discussion, panelists explored how gender-disaggregated data through a diverse range of technologies can support the empowerment of women in cities. They also discussed how partnerships can Dr. Kalpana Viswanath, co-founder of Safetipin, at best implement this approach in cities in a way a Habitat III event on data gathering and women’s that involves a wide range of stakeholders and is empowerment 18 October 2016. Photo: Laura Lima/ conducive to better urban design, planning, and Cities Alliance monitoring of interventions and programmes. • Event II: Are you Mainstreaming Gender Without Knowing it? This side event shared Training findings from SKL International’s Gender Study, During fieldwork missions to the Country with emphasis on the importance of leadership Programmes, SKL International provided one-day and a structural and monitoring framework to training sessions to members and partners of the successfully mainstream gender development Cities Alliance on gender mainstreaming strategies in projects. It was a joint venture between SKL and how to apply them to further phases of the International, Cities Alliance, and panelists from Country Programmes. In the four countries visited SDI affiliates in Zimbabwe and Ghana. The event by SKL International, a total of 98 people (58 gathered approximately 60 participants. females and 40 males) received training on gender • Event III: Coaching Session provided by SKL mainstreaming. International at the Cities Alliance booth in Habitat III. The coaching session was a follow-up to the side event held by SKL and Cities Alliance. As part of its commitment to supporting gender mainstreaming in other institutions, Cities Alliance provided space in its booth so that interested parties, gender-focal points, and the general public could receive coaching, guidance and advice from SKL on how to mainstream gender in their own institutions. 15 DIAGNOSIS OF GENDER EQUALITY INTEGRATION IN CITIES ALLIANCE COUNTRY PROGRAMMES Designed in 2009 – 2011, the Ghana, Uganda and Vietnam Country Programmes were conceptualised prior to the incorporation of gender as an organisational priority and programmatic cross-cutting issue2. As such, gender is not included in the original Country Programme framework documents. In January 2016, through its JWP on Gender Equality, Cities Alliance awarded a grant to the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR/SKL) to assess the gender-responsiveness of its Country Programmes. The diagnosis guided the prioritisation, design and implementation modalities of Cities Alliance gender operations. Its main objective was to promote increased awareness of current policies and practices of Cities Alliance Country Programmes regarding gender equality and guide a broad integration of women’s rights and gender equality policies in all Cities Alliance operations, based on synthesised recommendations and action plans. The gender diagnosis assesses Cities Alliance, targeted Country Programmes, and their partners in terms of current practices and policies addressing gender equality. It provides: • An understanding of where Cities Alliance and its partners stand today in terms of knowledge and the application of gender equality principles in daily operations; • Specific recommendations and guidance to the respective Cities Alliance Country Programmes on how to better integrate gender equality principles in their work; and • Recommendations to Cities Alliance on mainstreaming gender in its internal and external operations. The diagnosis identified valuable insights for future programmatic work by Cities Alliance. Its results and final report are available online. RESILIENT CITIES The partnership is co-implemented by C40, the World Bank, and the Los Angeles-based multinational The Resilient Cities JWP had a banner year in 2016. It engineering firm AECOM under the JWP on Resilient engaged in three major new projects and participated Cities. It builds on the ‘Climate action for URBan in global international events, including Habitat III and sustainability’ (CURB) tool, which was developed by COP22, to highlight the importance of city resilience. AECOM and managed by the World Bank and C40. In September, it welcomed the International Institute CURB is an interactive planning tool designed to help for Environment and Development (IIED) from London, cities take action on climate change by mapping out bringing total membership to 16 members, five different action plans and evaluating their cost, financial observers and two knowledge partners, and broadening feasibility, and impact. the Cities Alliance’s partnership engagement. As part of this initiative, the CURB tool will be enhanced to better integrate informal settlements into the energy Major Projects in 2016 transition and climate action planning process. This will involve developing models of informal household Over the past year, the Resilient Cities JWP has energy use, energy cost, income, and energy-related actively undertaken three major projects: Building health and social equity impacts as well as community- climate resilience in cities based on the Climate action level infrastructure. for URBan sustainability’ (CURB) tool; a grant to ICLEI to improve financing for resilience at the local level; CURB has been selected as an official decision-support and a partnership with the World Resources Institute tool of the Compact of Mayors, which recently merged (WRI) to work on Urban Community Resilience with the new Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate Assessments (UCRAs). and Energy, and this project also aims to help cities develop the capacity to meet their commitments under Partnership for climate resilience based on CURB the Compact. A new project with the C40 Cities Climate Leadership In 2016, a grant to C40 was finalised to support six cities Group (C40) to build climate resilience in cities through in Asia, Africa and LAC in climate change mitigation evidence-based scenario planning, target setting and planning as part of the Global Covenant of Mayors for climate action planning kicked off in September 2016. Climate and Energy in partnership with the World Bank and AECOM. Initial workshops were held in Quito (13-15 2 Gender became a pillar of Cities Alliance’s most recent Medium-Term Strategy in 2013. 16 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 September 2016), Quezon City (25-17 November 2016), gaps and needs identified through a combination of the and Accra (13-14 October 2016) on greenhouse gas UCRA and the overall city resilience planning process. emissions accounting as per the GPC+ methodology. The goal is to move these projects from the idea stage Follow-up technical assistance is ongoing. to investment-ready status. Facilitating Investment in Transformative and Inclusive Urban Resilience Actions Global Advocacy During the United Nations Framework Convention on Habitat III Climate Change COP22 meeting in Marrakesh, the issue of finance – especially at the local level – was raised The Resilient Cities JWP made a tangible contribution to repeatedly. Identifying catalytic and innovative urban the Cities Alliance’s presence at Habitat III as part of the resilience projects to better match them with finance dedicated ‘Climate Change and Resilience Day’ at the opportunities is the central motivation behind a new Cities Alliance Booth. These included: grant from Cities Alliance to ICLEI – Local Governments • A CURB event moderated by Seth Shultz, Director for Sustainability in support of the Transformative Action of Research and Measurement for C40. It brought Program (TAP). The grant for $80,000 was approved in together representatives from the World Bank and December 2016. Swiss SECO to highlight the importance of the As part of the project, ICLEI will work in collaboration Paris Agreement in implementing the New Urban with the World Bank to support cities in developing Agenda and SDGs 11 and 13. bankable resilience projects. • The JWP organised an interactive panel debate The TAP is a 10-year initiative by networks of local between the Inter-American Development Bank, and subnational governments to accelerate the ICLEI and IIED on the topic of ‘Financing Resilience implementation of local action to tackle climate change. for Cities,’ chaired by GIZ. The Cities Alliance grant to ICLEI will support more robust city resilience projects and linking resilience • JWP members hosted an informal planning meeting projects to appropriate funding mechanisms. where a more place-based approach to technical cooperation was emphasised for the JWP’s 2017 The main objective of the project is to catalyse access work planning, in close collaboration with the five to finance that will enhance cities’ ability to reduce pilot cities selected by the Medellín Collaboration exposure and vulnerability to multiple shocks and on Urban Resilience (MCUR). In 2017, the JWP seeks stresses and increase their resilience and adaptive to consolidate those tools and focus on city-level capacity. The project aims to increase the capacity coherence, building across members’ different of cities to develop feasible, inclusive, and bankable investments. resilience projects. These may include, for example, actions for climate change adaptation, disaster risk • The Secretariat participated in its first face-to-face reduction, and pro-poor urban development. Secondly, meeting of the MCUR after becoming a member it aims to connect projects with potential funders and this year with World Bank, Rockefeller Foundation implementation partners, facilitating improved access to and UN-Habitat sponsorship. The meeting reached resilience finance and contributing to the elaboration of consensus on the five pilot cities of the MCUR new finance mechanisms. (Jakarta, Maputo, Accra, New York and Mexico City). Partnering with WRI on Urban Community Resilience COP22 Assessments The Resilient Cities JWP was a visible presence at COP22 In December 2016, Cities Alliance kicked off a new in Marrakesh, Morocco in November. The JWP organised project with the World Resources Institute (WRI) to work several side events and meetings, and at a high-level on Urban Community Resilience Assessments (UCRA) political segment on Cities and Human Settlements in three cities: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Surat, India; and organised on Cities Day (10 November), ICLEI-Local Semarang, Indonesia. Governments for Sustainability recognised the Resilient Developed by WRI with input from community and city Cities JWP as one of several champions for resilience- leaders, the UCRA is a tool to help cities include citizen related initiatives. and community capacities into broader assessments At a City Climate Action Planning side event, the World of urban resilience. By assessing social cohesion, Bank and C40 shared details of the CURB tool. Swiss familiarity with local risks, early warning systems and SECO shared global good practices in climate energy disaster readiness, the UCRA provides a snapshot of planning for cities including the European Energy Award preparedness behaviours, risk perception, and strength (EEA), which they are deploying outside of Europe in of community relations. This helps cities rapidly identify selected cities in Tunisia and Morocco. public policies and concrete actions that they can take based on the specific traits of each community, including At a side event on Sustainable Solid Waste Management geography, history, culture and habits. for Climate Change and Communities, Zero Waste Europe – a partner nominated by WIEGO and the The project will be co-implemented with 100 Resilient International Solid Waste Management Association Cities and undertaken in close collaboration with SDI, (ISWA), nominated by UNEP – joined the Cities Alliance drawing on its expertise with engaging communities in Secretariat to present good practices in promoting data collection. It will work with slum communities in the solid waste management strategies which address both three cities to design small projects to address resilience environmental action while promoting formalisation and 17 decent work for informal waste pickers. “Informal Deliverables produced in 2016 recyclers are city environment champions” was a key message for stakeholders from this session. ACTIVITY/DELIVERABLE DESCRIPTION ICLEI’s Resilient Cities Congress A brochure on the JWP was Cities Alliance participated in the seventh annual launched and distributed at Resilient Cities Congress, a global platform for Habitat III in Quito knowledge sharing and exchange on urban resilience and adaptation to climate change. The congress is organised by ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability and co-hosted with the city of Bonn, Germany. It convenes participants from local government, academia, international organisations, NGOs, and the private sector, connecting a vibrant Accelerating City Resilience global community of resilience experts and video promoting the JWP practitioners. From 6-8 July, Resilient Cities 2016 gathered over 320 participants – 21 per cent representing local governments – in Bonn. Participants discussed Resilient Cities Scorecard strategic approaches to the local implementation developed to improve tracking of newly adopted global frameworks, innovative and monitoring of results solutions to financing resilience, and best practices toward building a sustainable, inclusive and resilient urban future. The Resilience Tools Platform The Resilient Cities JWP co-organised a thematic (resiliencetools.org), developed forum on Inclusive and Resilient Urban Development by UN-Habitat with a grant from 6-7 July which focused on how cities can work with the JWP, has been populated the urban poor, including those living in informal with tools, case studies and settlements and working in the informal sector, to publications developed by increase citywide resilience. The thematic forum members and partners of added significant value to the overall event; it the JWP. The website is a allowed discussion on questions of secure housing, knowledge sharing platform access to basic services, and inclusive governance. for practitioners working on The inclusive and resilient theme also linked to resilience in cities to access key discussions on how to finance urban resilience – from tools and information relevant the bottom up and from the top down – and how to for their work. In October, advance local progress on the SDGs. Cities Alliance took over management of the platform from UN-Habitat. YOUTH MUST BE A PART OF RESILIENT CITIES A highlight for the Cities Alliance team at COP22 was a side event on Climate Action Planning co-hosted with C40 and the World Bank. Aimed at practitioners and city planners, a group of young women and girls from a Moroccan environmental NGO, Alfetra, also attended the event. The NGO is focused on engaging youth on environmental issues, and one way they have done so is by developing a game about cleaning up the environment that people can play on their smartphones. The spokesperson for the group, a 13-year-old Moroccan girl who speaks six languages, challenged the speakers of the session about what kind of tools have been developed that young people could use to help their cities plan more effectively for climate change. It was a strong message powerfully delivered, and yet another reminder that youth must be a part of developing resilient cities. 18 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 A survey of JWP members taken Looking Ahead in October and November The outlook for 2017 is exciting and extremely active. The JWP will have three projects in full 2016 found that members implementation and will start several additional projects. There is increased interest in the JWP overwhelmingly viewed the and a good chance that it will grow. group as a valuable platform With the Resilient Cities Scorecard, the JWP will be much more focused on delivering results at for knowledge exchange and both the global and local level, including tracking sex-disaggregated data, gender analysis as part building new partnerships. of resilience planning, and the incorporation of gender and resilience discussions at events and in publications. Implementation of the FCA programme was completed by November 2016. The JWP will continue to emphasise the central role of local communities in resilience and the The FCA progamme aimed to make cities work for need for partnership to strengthen resilience the poor, with a focus on resilience and economic efforts. Its direction for 2017 is influenced by the growth. It supported 21 cities in four countries: COP22 outcome document, including emphasis on (1) Ethiopia, two cities3; (2) Ghana, two cities4; (3) aligning and supporting city action under country Mozambique, three cities5; and (4) Uganda, 14 cities6 frameworks, and localising climate finance to support to anticipate and minimise future challenges in implementation. terms of climate, environment and natural resources – essentially giving them the tools to future proof themselves to be inclusive, resilient and have The Future Cities Africa growing economies. The Cities Alliance used the FCA programme to Programme collect research and evidence to give African cities the information and tools they need to undertake Future Cities Africa (FCA) was a 24-month programme more focused urban action plans. It would enable undertaken by the Cities Alliance and financed by them to carry out investments now and in the future the UK’s Department for International Development to address local market barriers and target areas (DFID) with a budget of $7.5 million (£4.81 million). of need for maximum results, so cities get the best returns on their investments. The Future Cities Africa programme is helping cities integrate resilience into their strategic planning. Above, flooded roads in Lira Municipality, Uganda. Photo: Ronard Mukuye 3 Regional capital cities Mekelle and Dire Dawa. 4 Accra and Tema as parts of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). 5 Economic corridor cities Nampula, Nacala and Tete. 6 Secondary cities: Arua, Entebbe, Fort Portal, Gulu, Hoima, Jinja, Kabale, Lira, Masaka, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Soroti and Tororo.  19 The FCA programme was designed as an inclusive The programme also faced the challenge of ensuring process, involving in-depth consultation with local that the research questions were both scientific and governments, other donors and development topical to national government, local government, actors, research institutions, and the private sector. and community interests. This was achieved by Replicability for broader use was also an important undertaking rapid assessments in 21 cities and factor, with the idea that the tools and knowledge reporting back on the findings to a workshop of generated by the FCA programme could be adapted national government officials, local government city for use in other cities. managers and mayors, civil society, and academia in each of the four countries. The approach allowed a broad multi-stakeholder consensus on priorities and BUILDING ON A PLATFORM OF key research questions. PARTNERSHIP Cities Alliance has historically had a strong focus RESULTS ACHIEVED IN 2016 on convening partnerships and ensuring alignment Diagnostics conducted through the FCA programme between the objectives and programmes of national have resulted in some important findings: government, local government and civil society. It has also worked to ensure improved coherence of effort of development partners in support of city A flawed urbanisation process programming. The diagnostics demonstrated that the process of Building on this platform, the FCA programme urbanisation and city growth is fundamentally flawed has enabled the Cities Alliance to collect information in each of the four countries assessed, and there is on, and strengthen its understanding of, the little evidence of transformational change. The nature challenges facing African cities across five key areas: of the urbanisation process reflects the political governance, citizenship, economy, services, and the economy of national and city economies, often environment. Through the FCA programme, the Cities based on resource extraction with rents captured by Alliance now has an effective development approach, powerful interest groups combined with a high share rigorous analysis, and a growing constituency of of low productivity – non-tradeable service activities African countries engaged in effective, inclusive supporting most of the urban population. urban planning. Growth is occurring, but the economy changes in aggregate only; it gets bigger because more OVERCOMING CHALLENGES resources are extracted and life improves through a trickle-down process. Structural transformation is While implementing the FCA programme, several lacking, movement in the product space is hardly challenges were confronted and addressed. The visible, productivity in the urban economy stagnates, main one was how to ensure strength of national and inequalities rise. The quality of growth is poor ownership, as well as the quality of data collection and cities are increasingly vulnerable to climate and reporting. This was addressed by recruiting change, environmental and natural resource risks. high-quality national teams and basing them in or close to the relevant national ministry, with access to additional international support. Gender is a cross-cutting issue that makes responding to effects of unplanned urbanisation in Africa much more complex, and it has been an important part of the Future Cities Africa programme. Photo: Cities Alliance 20 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Capacity for managing urbanisation It has provided key direction on how best to manage is deficient city growth and has helped shape the future research agenda for African researchers. A key recommendation Diagnostics generated by the programme have clearly is the need to strengthen African research capacities to demonstrated that the capacity of African governments respond to this emerging agenda. – national and local – to manage the urbanisation process and foster productive, inclusive and resilience Four studies were produced: cities is severely deficient. The immediate causes of 1. The Climate Change and Energy Debate in this deficiency are dysfunctional governance (distorted the Context of Ethiopia. This study investigates incentives), severe administrative and technical viable alternative energy choices that can support capacity constraints, and major infrastructure and inclusive growth within secondary cities in Ethiopia, service deficits. Interventions are needed throughout considering future climate change and the need the policy and project cycles, albeit varying in relative for environmentally sustainable, low-carbon, and emphasis across the four countries. universally accessible energy sources. 2. Urban Governance and Service Delivery in the Gender must be a part of the urban Context of Ghana. This study explores the structure, planning process form and capability of the various dimensions of urban governance in Ghana to identify the main Adding to the dysfunctionalities, gender is a cross- drivers of change and transformation towards more cutting issue that makes responding to effects of inclusive, resilient growth. It identifies the potential unplanned urbanisation in Africa significantly more for change in the capability and quality of urban complex. To respond to the challenges faced by men governance that will contribute to improvements in and women in urban Africa, gender must be taken into service delivery. consideration throughout the planning process. 3. The Urban Expansion and Compactness Debate in the Context of Mozambique. This study fills OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES crucial theoretical and evidence gaps related to the comparative merits of planned expansion and PRODUCED IN 2016 compactness by collecting and analysing data on cities and urban land expansion in Mozambique, Output 1: Feasibility Study testing the relevant theories/models, and feeding the results into the current academic and policy A Feasibility Study was produced outlining the four- debates at the national and international level. country, 21-city focus of the programme, detailing institutional and financial arrangements needed 4. Informality and Economic Growth in Uganda – The and relevant stakeholders to inform a business case role of the informal economy in city growth in the for future programming. The study provides as a context of Uganda. This study identifies important clear identification and integration of the key issues theoretical and evidence gaps in the approaches, confronting African cities, enabling a better knowledge understanding and analyses of urban informal base for designing effective programmes. activities in Sub-Saharan Africa generally, and more specifically in Uganda. It aims to understand the implications for economic management and Output 2: Critical Research governance of informal activities, and how they can The research focused on improving the evidence be supported to help build the urban economy in base to enable African cities to fulfil their potential secondary cities of Africa, particularly Uganda. as centres of growth and job creation in the face of climate, environment and resource challenges. Workshop as part of the development of the resilience.io model, developed by The Ecological Sequestration Trust (TEST) and piloted in the WASH sector in Accra. Photo: Cities Alliance 21 Output 3: Digital Tools 2. Innovative Data Toolkit. The toolkit addresses the data challenges faced by city officials, both for Two digital tools pre-selected by DFID were developed day-to-day management and long-term resilience (Resilience.io) or tested (Knowledge Platform) during planning. It helps officials understand where the course of the FCA programme. critical data gaps are, how to address these gaps, 1. Resilience.io - An open source, decision-making and the benefits of expanding data resources. model prototype. The model, developed by The The toolkit serves as a one-stop-shop manual Ecological Sequestration Trust (TEST), is designed for city officials on data use for city planning. It to enable decision makers and key stakeholders focuses on supporting cities to create a process to make better citywide policies, plans, and for data management and identifies opportunities interventions available and ready for deployment in to improve data maturity. The toolkit supports a African cities. It was developed and piloted in the city’s data management lifecycle and be can used WASH sector in GAMA for potential use in future iteratively and comparatively to support data needs urban programming in Africa. for day-to-day operations. 2. Knowledge Platform. This was designed to share 3. Human Resources Capacity Benchmarking: A results, data, and establish peer-to-peer contact Preliminary Toolkit for Planning and Management between cities. Developed by Gaiasoft, the platform in Africa. This assessment toolkit provides an uses off-the-shelf software that can be reconfigured intervention in understanding urban service delivery and improved based on specific needs. The gaps. It takes staffing as a key driver and an entry platform tested the relevance of and appetite for point to achieving desired service level standards knowledge management as a part of the process and benchmarks. It is a first attempt to develop of managing cities. an analytical device that provides a systematic, rational model so that towns and cities in Africa can conveniently and rapidly assess their existing levels Output 4: Innovative Studies and Tools of staffing against a model framework. Studies produced through the FCA programme 4. The Future Proofing City Studies: Urban Risk / focused on a theme or specific city/country challenge Environment Risk Framework. The framework that explored new ideas and innovative thinking to covers a specific country, its national urbanisation building resilience in African cities. strategy, and its specific planning typology for regional capitals in Ethiopia, metropolitan cities 1. City Development Strategies (CDS) Toolkit 2.0. in Ghana, secondary cities in Uganda, and urban The toolkit updates the existing CDS approach to growth corridors in Mozambique. The framework enable city managers to develop more resilient helps to analyse each city’s institutional and physical approaches to urban planning in primary and capacity and the environmental risks. It aims to help secondary cities. It aims to improve the usefulness cities better understand the specific challenges and and impact of CDS processes by moving beyond opportunities they are facing. the traditional approaches and incorporating new strategic focal areas of resilience and inclusive economic growth, in addition to other more traditional, cross-cutting issues of governance, LOOKING AHEAD participation poverty alleviation and gender. Thanks to the Future Cities Africa programme, Cities Alliance is equipped with a proven approach, rigorous analysis, and a set of relevant tools that can help support African cities to manage urban growth in a way that enables social inclusivity, economic growth and effective mitigation and adaptation against climate change. These can help Cities Alliance deepen and widen its African Strategy with activities that: • Develop its understanding of, and support to, strengthening local government implementation capacity; • Promote CDSs that incorporate resilience and the long-term effects of climate change; • Enable cities to support local economies in a way that helps transform the economy and improves equitable economic growth; and • Empower citizens to be active development partners with clear rights and responsibilities. Testing the Gaiasoft knowledge platform in Mozambique. Photo: Cities Alliance 22 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Through the Future Cities Africa programme, Cities Alliance now has tools that can help support African cities to manage urban growth in a way that enables social inclusivity, economic growth, and effective mitigation and adaptation against climate change. Above: Accra, Ghana, which faces serious flooding and drainage issues. Photo: Cities Alliance Regional Strategies conducted in eight other countries, with the goal of creating national associations of local authorities in at least two more countries. Needs assessments have In recent years, Cities Alliance has been in the been carried out on existing LGAs in six countries process of developing regional strategies for Africa, (Burundi, Cameroon, Ghana, Malawi, Rwanda and Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Sierra Leone), with four more planned for 2017. During 2016, progress was made across all three strategies, especially LAC, which benefited from The regional resource centre of the UCLG-A West the mobilisation in the leadup to Habitat III. Africa Regional Office has been equipped with computers, software and other office equipment. The resource centres of the East Africa Regional AFRICA Office and Southern Africa Regional Office are expected to benefit from similar activities in 2017. The Africa Strategy is the framework for Cities Alliance’s activities in Africa from 2014 to 2017. Its activities in 2016 include: The Cities Alliance Think Tank The Cities Alliance Think Tank was launched in Support to United Cities and Local Johannesburg, South Africa on 10 September 2015 Governments-Africa (UCLG-A) Institutional to support the definition and implementation of Strengthening the Cities Alliance Africa Strategy through strategic reflection, analysis and recommendations on Africa’s This activity supports the establishment of national urban challenges and new trends. It also promotes associations of local governments in selected and informs public international debates on urban countries where they do not exist, and strengthens policy through a pro-urban narrative that highlights the institutional capacities of both the existing the role of cities in the structural transformation and associations and UCLG-A as their convener. sustainable development of Africa. The capacity of UCLG-A Secretariat to support Hosted by the African Centre for Cities (ACC) at Cape local government associations (LGAs) has been Town University, the Think Tank consists of 11 eminent strengthened through the hiring of a knowledge urban-related experts from both the public and management officer and three communications private sectors. consultants. Administrative and financial tools and office equipment have been procured, and further In 2016, the Cities Alliance Think Tank was staff training will take place in 2017. represented at and contributed to the content of regional and global agreements such as the Abuja In March 2016, a national association of local Declaration for Habitat III in February 2016 and the authorities was created in Djibouti. The establishment New Urban Agenda in October 2016. of a national association of local authorities is being finalised in Liberia in close collaboration with the A comprehensive narrative document for the Cities Cities Alliance Liberia Country Programme, and Alliance Africa Strategy was drafted by Edgar Pieterse a similar process is being explored in Equatorial of the ACC, and discussed with Think Tank members Guinea. Analyses and needs assessments have been 23 at a Cities Alliance workshop in Accra, Ghana • Support city administrations to find leaders in September 2016. committed to the change agenda of urban development. Two policy briefs have been conceptualised and commissioned on the topics ‘Urban Policy Coalitions’ • National and local governments should take full and ‘Infrastructure and Smart Transitions’. advantage of international conventions such as the SDGs (Agenda 2030), Paris Agreement and Agenda 2063 (Africa Development Agenda) to Promoting the Role of Cities: Africa Strategy change the narrative of urban development in their Workshop respective countries. Cities Alliance convened a workshop in Accra, Ghana • Local governments should be continuously viewed 14-16 September as part of the Africa Strategy. Drawing as partners in development and not as competitors. on the experience of the Cities Alliance portfolio in They should be resourced and supported to get the Africa, the workshop provided a platform for Cities right human resource mix to address issues on urban Alliance members and partners to share lessons learned, growth. Accountability measures should be instituted debate key issues, and inform future action in support to ensure judicious use of resources. of cities and the urban transition in Africa. Its findings • Getting the right energy mix for development in and outcomes are helping to guide Cities Alliance and cities is an imperative, not an option. Industrialisation its members in contributing to the implementation of which will lead to the transformation of the urban Agenda 2030 (particularly SDG 11) as well as the Paris economies can only thrive with energy sufficiency. Agreement. • Informality is an integral part of growth in urban With its broad, high-level participation, the workshop economies in Africa. There is a need to recognise highlighted the convening power of Cities Alliance. informality, get enough data on it, and include it in It brought national governments, local governments policy reforms for change. and communities to the same table to discuss, listen to • Promote measures to empower and involve women and share solutions for the challenges in African cities. in the development of urban economies across the Organised in close collaboration with Ghana’s Ministry continent. Give them access to capital and right to of Local Government and Rural Development, it was land ownership for development. attended by more than 250 participants, including delegations from Cities Alliance Country Programmes • Commit more resources for urban research for in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Mozambique, evidence-based decision making. Partner academia Tunisia and Uganda; the Kenya Council of Governors; and research institutions to come up with solutions research and professional teams engaged in the Future that meet the needs of Africans. Cities Africa programme; members of the Africa Think • Ensure adequate participation in decision making Tank to provide strategic guidance to the Cities Alliance processes with emphasis on the role of women members in shaping future programming. and youth. The workshop aimed to consolidate Cities Alliance’s • Make land ownership and administration transparent work in Africa through discussion and presentation of the to enhance access to land for development in both Country Programmes, the Future Cities Africa programme major and secondary cities. and the Africa Strategy by facilitating learning among members, building synergies, and mapping a way forward • Partner with African cities to invest in infrastructure for Cities Alliance programming. projects to enhance service delivery. Cities on their own cannot bring about the needed urban The workshop was very well received; a survey conducted transformation; there is a need for partnership with by the Cities Alliance Secretariat found that 81% rated the private sector, development organisations, the workshop as very good or excellent, and it generated NGOs, and international community. considerable Twitter coverage with the hashtag • Increase platforms for experience sharing among #africastrategyworkshop. cities and governments to ensure the localisation of lessons learned for the right impact. Recommendations • Lessons from the Country Programmes, Future Cities As part of promoting a new and more optimistic Africa, and other stakeholders in the urban sector narrative on the urban transition on the continent, should be documented and shared with other the Africa Strategy workshop made the following 12 nations in Africa. Possible areas for scale-up must recommendations: be explored for further investments. 24 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 “Cities Alliance explicitly wants to be provoked. It wants to be engaged with critical thinking, with criticism as a mechanism to ensure that its own programming that happens across the world, but particularly in Africa, is as sharp as possible.” – Edgar Pieterse, Cities Alliance Think Tank Director, African Centre for Cities. Participants of the Africa Strategy Workshop during a field visit to the Old Accra Participatory Upgrading Programme. Photo: Tutut Christen The day two World Café session; Dina Abdel-Fattah from Development Gateway listens to a participant’s feedback. Photo: Tutut Christen Sarah Nandudu, Vice Chairperson of the National Slum Dwellers Federation of Uganda shares lessons from the Uganda Country Programme. Photo: Tutut Christen 25 The afternoon session on day two of the workshop was focused on Innovative Tools for City Management. Photo: Tutut Christen WATCH: THE AFRICA STRATEGY WORKSHOP As part of its Africa Strategy, Cities Alliance convened a major Workshop in Accra, Ghana 14-16 September 2016. Nearly 100 videos of the workshop are available on the Cities Alliance Youtube page. Here is just a sample: Africa workshop day 1 think tank: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zjE5b_Jep8 Africa workshop day 2 climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qobS5RJna_Q Africa workshop day 2, world cafe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyivvaXdLGA Day 2 toolkits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-aF9Xdl1xw Africa workshop, day 3 delivering agenda 2030: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLI1P8DZGtU Africa strategy Day 3 field visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6z8ZraLM-4 Africa workshop closing Sept 2016: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-50PpQkgUw Cities Alliance: Africa Strategy Workshop - Day 1: The Cities Alliance Africa Think Tank 26 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 ASIA urban development. The CEE Rating launched in 30 countries in the Asia-Pacific region will help The Cities Alliance Asia Strategy provides the identify and address gaps in policy, legal and framework for the Cities Alliance’s overall regional institutional frameworks that are impacting the programme for 2015-2017, in line with the efficiency of local governments. partnership’s MTS 2014-2017. It identifies priority sub-regions, countries and thematic work areas, and A rating will be assigned to each country based on will facilitate coherence of effort and participation of in-depth quantitative and qualitative assessment Cities Alliance members and partners. using 12 criteria. Two additional criteria7 have been added to the CEE Rating in Asia: The Cities Alliance Asia strategy builds on and consolidates partnerships in selected countries with • Women’s participation in local governance a strong history of collaboration – India, Indonesia, assesses the national provisions on temporary the Philippines and Vietnam. It includes establishing special measures for women’s participation in a new network of cities, countries and institutions local governance. Women’s representation in through collaboration with selected Country national and local government is low in Asia Programmes and existing Cities Alliance Joint Work Pacific countries, although it is well recognised Programmes on inclusive economic growth, resilient that gender parity would promote national cities, and gender equality. development. • Environmental and climate change governance The Asia Strategy was developed following a assesses countries’ commitment to city- summary Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and level action for environmental protection Threats (SWOT) analysis of the region, assessment and promotion, including climate change of Cities Alliance’s current and legacy portfolio, and and disaster risk reduction. It also assesses discussions with members and partners in the region. their integration into countries’ international commitments, funding, and the capacity Activities support committed for cities to drive national implementation, as well as codes and standards The Asia Strategy is still in the early stages of for disaster risk management and climate risk implementation, with the bulk of activities and impact mitigation at the city level. The criterion was yet to come. Here are some regional activities that developed based on global environmental took place in 2016: challenges and the potential role cities play in meeting them, as well as national commitments City and Local Government Enabling Environment to the Paris Agreement. (CEE) Rating of 30 Countries in the Asia-Pacific Region The process will provide a situational analysis, highlighting the progress and constraints to effective In September 2016, Cities Alliance, together with decentralisation. It will outline potential ways to United Cities and Local Governments Asia Pacific improve implementation of decentralisation – helping (UCLG ASPAC), and the United Nations Development local governments manage their effectiveness in Programme (UNDP), launched a new initiative to sustainable development. support local governments in achieving sustainable ASIA STRATEGY MISSION STATEMENT To strengthen institutional capacity of cities and create an enabling environment for cities to undertake governance reforms, planning and programmes implementation to achieve the goal of sustainable and inclusive cities. It focuses on the following thematic areas: • Institutional strengthening and capacity building of human resources in cities for integrated city development planning, and formulation and implementation of development programmes to reach the goal of sustainable and inclusive cities. • Promoting equitable access to habitat and economic opportunities through supporting linkages between economic and physical upgrading approaches. • Promoting the value of the urban informal economy and fostering links between informal habitat and livelihoods actors. • Integrating city resilience strategies and approaches with key urban institutions and decision makers. • Promoting gender responsive measures to city decision-making and women’s meaningful political participation in local government. 7 Ten criteria were identified for the 2012 and 2015 editions of the Africa CEE Rating. 27 Cities Alliance and the World Bank are supporting technical assistance to help promote inclusive development in India’s heritage cities. Photo: Curt Carnemark/The World Bank The rating system allows countries to draw lessons assistance specifically targets state governments from better-rated countries and identify areas for of Rajasthan, Karnataka and Odisha for support urban reforms, and it will help local governments to develop programmes and strategies for their advocate with higher tiers of government for associated heritage cities. legislative reforms. The Technical Assistance directly supports The initiative in Asia-Pacific draws on a very the creation of governance and institutional successful CEE Rating activity undertaken by arrangements that promote more socially inclusive Cities Alliance and UCLG in Africa from 2012 – 2015. growth in urban areas, and it is fully aligned with It is also a key component of the Cities Alliance Cities Alliance’s Asia strategy. It expands and Asia Strategy. builds on a foundation for institutionalising the approaches, methodologies and tools tested under Kicking off the CEE Ratings in Gunsan, Korea the “Demonstration Program for Inclusive Heritage- based Development in India (IHCDP)” project, The CEE Rating of countries in the Asia-Pacific region which was conceptualised and implemented by the kicked off at an inception workshop organised by World Bank and Cities Alliance from June 2012 to UCLG ASPAC 4 September 2016 in Gunsan, Republic December 2013. of Korea. Sixteen Local Government Associations joined experts from UNDP and Cities Alliance to The Technical Assistance will: discuss the CEE rating process. The participants also • Provide technical and advisory support to discussed changes to the proposed criteria and the Ministry of Urban Development on the indicators within the context of various countries. implementation of HRIDAY; At the conclusion of the workshop, the local • Review national guidelines for urban government associations who will be undertaking revitalisation tailored to state and city officials; the country-level assessments had a shared understanding of the objectives, assessment criteria, • Provide technical and advisory support to indicators, timeline, and outputs. selected states and cities on urban revitalisation at policy, planning and investment levels; and In addition to co-financing the initiative, Cities Alliance is also mobilising members for peer review • Strengthen capacity and systems in selected of the country and regional assessments, sharing states and cities for convergence and knowledge from the CEE Ratings process in Africa, coordination of heritage-sensitive service and providing technical support. provision and urban development. Technical Assistance in support of Heritage Cities Indian NGOs Launch Network to Scale-up Reach Development in India to the Urban Poor In 2016, Cities Alliance and the World Bank Prominent NGOs and research institutions in continued broad-based support for the community-led urban habitat development from implementation of the Heritage City Development across India came together in 2016 to launch and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY), at the request the Indian NGOs for Community Led Urban of the Ministry of Urban Development. The technical Development (INCLUDe) network. 28 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 INCLUDe will focus on community processes for • Models of slum upgrading for replication inclusive planning and design of urban upgrading and scale up. and development. It is supported by the Cities Alliance Secretariat, UNDP, GIZ India, the World Specifically, INCLUDe will contribute to the Bank, UN-Habitat, and USAID. development of a national slum development policy and a curriculum on participatory planning and Members include the Society for the Promotion of implementation. INCLUDe will be an open network Area Resource Centers SPARC (a member of the that will expand as new NGOs and institutions come National Slum Dwellers Federation and SDI affiliate), on board. Mahila Housing Trust (affiliate of the Self Employed Women’s Association and member of WIEGO), the Training Course Promotes Inclusive Growth in Asian Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence (CURE), Cities Shelter Associates, South Asia HomeNet (a WIEGO member), Habitat for Humanity India, Youth for Unity Cities Alliance, in cooperation with the Cities and Voluntary Action (YUVA), the National Institute Development Initiative for Asia (CDIA) and the GIZ of Urban Affairs (NIUA), and the Human Settlement Project Inclusive Metropolitan Environments for Management Institute (HSMI). the Urban Poor, organised training on Promoting Inclusive Growth in Asian Cities in Can Tho, Vietnam It will offer a variety of products and services to 31 May – 1 June 2016. local, state and national government to strengthen urban policy and programming and capacity for Around 30 participants – including Mayors and community-led sustainable urban development. Vice Mayors, Construction Engineers and Urban These include: Management Officers – from 23 small- and medium-sized cities participated in the training • Knowledge products – reviewed process course, which focused on governance approaches, documentations of models and good practices; institutional arrangements, cooperation models • Services – policy reviews, strategy notes, and infrastructure investments for inclusive local communitarian approach logs, technical economic development. support for implementation of projects; The comprehensive course has been integrated • Capacity building products – manuals, into the national Urban Management Training guidelines, tool kits, e-modules; Programme for Chairpersons and Vice Chairpersons of the Academy of Managers for Construction • Data products – data inputs to plans, imaged and Cities, a government agency under Vietnam’s data, digital tracking/spatial GIS systems; Ministry of Construction. • Assessment products – templates for evaluation studies/real-time evaluations, baseline studies; Symposium on Inclusive Cities in Asia Issues • Interactive platforms – policy/institutional Recommendations for the New Urban Agenda spaces; A regional symposium was held in New Delhi • Mentoring services – local governments, February 23-24, 2016 to discuss case studies institutions, NGOs, CBOs, civil society on inclusive approaches in Asian cities and organisations; and metropolitan regions. Participants came up with Cities Alliance supported events to help partners in the LAC region mobilise for Habitat III, such as the Regional Habitat III Meeting in Toluca, Mexico in April 2016. Photo: Cities Alliance 29 a set of recommendations for the New Urban countries. Cities Alliance will also continue to support Agenda and for implementing SDG 11. dialogues on the New Urban Agenda in the region. The symposium involved various stakeholders, including representatives from eight countries, governments at the national and subnational levels, LATIN AMERICA AND THE public agencies, civil society, community-based CARIBBEAN organisations, development financing agencies, The year 2016 was a milestone for the Cities Alliance and academia. LAC Regional programme, mainly due to Habitat III. The event was organised by Cities Alliance, the While the Habitat III process and the adoption of a Cities Development Initiative for Asia, the GIZ New Urban Agenda has had a global impact, it has Inclusive Cities Partnership Programme, the GIZ been particularly important for LAC. Inclusive Metropolitan Environments for the Urban As the host region of the Habitat III conference, it Poor Project and the GIZ Sector Network was almost inevitable that LAC would be strongly Governance Asia. impacted by the process. There was already a high The workshop focused on the social and economic level of political and social capital in both public and well-being of the urban poor and questions of non-governmental organisations, which mobilised accessibility in face of accelerated urban growth. It at historic levels around the issue of inclusion and discussed stakeholders, urban and others, that act in social justice in cities in advance of the conference. the city and collectively impact urban development; In turn, the experience of LAC and its pre-Habitat ongoing urbanisation, which is simultaneously the III mobilisation efforts significantly impacted the spatial and social expression of “the urban”; and discussions in Quito and the final New Urban the best ways to address these issues. Agenda, and offers valuable lessons for the future. Looking Ahead Catalysing Collaboration for Habitat III After a busy 2016, the coming year will focus on and Beyond mobilising Cities Alliance members and regional/ In the leadup to Habitat III, Cities Alliance played a country partners in support of the Asia Programme and implementing specific activities in the focus significant role as a catalyst for thought and action. countries. That involves positioning the Philippines It was a natural role for the partnership, which has a long history of successful collaboration in Latin and UCLG ASPAC as lead members for the regional America, especially in Brazil and Chile. programme, and building on existing partnerships with knowledge resources in the region, particularly Throughout the entire Habitat III process, Cities Korea and China, and possible expansion to other Alliance supported and convened its core regional SDI-AVINA-WIEGO knowledge exchange facilitated by Cities Alliance. 30 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 membership around researchers, thinkers, policy a new and core initiative led by Cities Alliance makers and practitioners at high-level events members in LAC, networks of universities such throughout the region. These events include the as REDEUS and LANHUR, both an indirect and Cuenca Meeting on Intermediate Cities, the Mexico unexpected outcome from the Global Housing Meeting on Finance, the Regional Meeting in Research grant/initiative; strategic engagements Toluca, the MINURVI Annual Assembly, the expert with the national government fora MINURVI and consultation on the regional report, as well as SISCA in Central America, and local government parallel conferences and gatherings in Argentina, regional representation. Brazil, and Colombia. All these initiatives target the New Urban Agenda This support represented a strong institutional and the urban SDGs to leverage regional resources contribution from Cities Alliance to the regional and capacities for implementing and monitoring and global Habitat III process and the New Urban the process in LAC, based on close cooperation. Agenda itself. Cities Alliance will help sustain and consolidate these initiatives, which reflect the core mission and The Habitat III Conference itself was diverse, spirit of the partnership and its diverse, collaborative bringing together key stakeholders from all regions membership approach. and the Cities Alliance partnership organised many events both within the official programme and parallel debates. Partners in LAC placed Strengthening the Main Pillars of the significant emphasis on topics such as informality LAC Strategy and inclusion, national urban policies and legal frameworks, the role of research and collaboration Cities Alliance’s support for LAC in 2016 also helped initiatives, housing, and the Right to the City. This strengthen the partnership’s regional strategy, which clearly demonstrates that these concepts will be the is based on the potential of regional innovation and background for the regional implementation of the knowledge on urban issues – an approach that has New Urban Agenda in the region. value not just for the LAC region, but for the rest of the urbanising south. A niche for Cities Alliance Knowledge sharing and advocacy, with a Looking ahead, both the Habitat III conference gender focus and the entire process show potential paths for the Cities Alliance in LAC. First and foremost is the Local players are recognised as key stakeholders partnership’s niche as a recognised honest broker for implementing the New Urban Agenda, and fostering collaboration. Cities Alliance has played sharing lessons learned and experiences through this role since its foundation, and it is one that knowledge exchange is key component. The Cities meshes well with the New Urban Agenda. Alliance LAC strategy draws on this approach and targets key stakeholders at the national In the LAC region, there was a clear need to and community level and through South-South join efforts and resources to expand access exchanges. to knowledge and experiences, strengthen collaboration among a broader set of stakeholders, In 2016 the focus was gender and women’s and build social capital and networks of universities leadership. The Cities Alliance Secretariat organised and research institutions. a series of exchanges involving our members Chile, SDI, AVINA and WIEGO, uniting grassroots women Cities Alliance helped facilitate this collaboration leaders from South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and can continue to do so in the future. Such a cycle Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. These exchanges, will enable the region to scale up and replicate financed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation concrete advances and tackle the challenges ahead, Intermediation grant, facilitated sharing of practical eventually with limited support from international and daily experiences, as well as broader policy organisations, but much more strategic and with and advocacy matters – with a general recognition higher impact. of the value such exchanges add to strengthening Several strong initiatives have emerged from the community organisations and their connection with Habitat III process that touch on the core mission of the global agendas. the Cities Alliance and its collaborative approach. They include the Urban Housing Practitioners Hub, 31 Knowledge products the participatory design of a National Habitat and Housing Policy, with a strong social component. Two major publications were produced in 2016 that Throughout this process, which will formally kick tapped into Cities Alliance’s lengthy history in Brazil: off in 2017, it is expected that lessons learned from • An evaluation of the Cities Alliance presence projects and cooperation efforts by our members in Brazil, with a focus on structuring and will be incorporated in a local-driven process, led consolidating Brazil’s National Urban Policy by SENAVITAT (National Secretary for Housing framework in the country; and and Habitat) with strong participation of key local stakeholders for Paraguay’s urban agenda. • City Statute – The Old and the New Urban Agenda – an analysis of 15 years of the law A Catalytic Fund Portfolio in LAC reflects on the 15 years since Brazil enacted its City Statute. It examines the City Statute’s The Cities Alliance Catalytic Fund now has a impact on the national urban policy framework significant portfolio in LAC, with grants in Bolivia, in Brazil, housing policies, the judiciary system, Peru, Argentina, Guatemala and Jamaica. Catalytic access to land and equity, and citywide planning Fund projects are a great opportunity for learning processes. Launched during the Habitat III and engaging in different topics with a range of Conference in Quito, the publication has been actors, and they provide an entry point for more translated into English, Spanish and Portuguese, strategic technical assistance engagements in some and was one of the most requested publications countries. One example is Guatemala, where Cities on Cities Alliance’s social media in 2016. Alliance has two active grants, and Jamaica, where other members are actively involved in the country’s Technical Assistance urban agenda. There is still a need for Technical Assistance in There is a common denominator among all these Latin America, especially Cities Alliance’s expertise, grants: A sharp focus on women and issues of crime know-how and diverse membership to add value to and violence, a major topic for Latin American projects. There is a strong demand for countries to cities. Considering the synergies, the Cities Alliance learn from each other, strengthen national policy, and Secretariat is planning to promote learning institutionalise the urban agenda. exchanges among these grantees in 2017 that will For example, our members Chile, GIZ, IDB and also serve as an opportunity for strategic reflection Habitat for Humanity are actively supporting urban on the regional challenges under the SDGs and the innovations in Paraguay. In 2016 the Cities Alliance New Urban Agenda perspective. – with the three-way cooperation of Chile, GIZ and Paraguay – began a process to support Paraguay on 32 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 IMPACT OF THE CITIES ALLIANCE IN BRAZIL – A CRITICAL ANALYSIS This study by development specialist Francesco Notarbartolo di Villarosa analyses the Cities Alliance presence in Brazil from its initial operations in 2001 to 2016. It assesses the contribution of Cities Alliance activities to the evolution of urban development policies in Brazil across all levels of government – municipal, state and federal – and to their international dissemination, extracting lessons learned to guide Cities Alliance activities and provide a benchmark for other countries. The portfolio in Brazil is Cities Alliance’s largest, with more than 30 projects and total investments of $20 million. Through its partnership with Brazil, the Cities Alliance has built a unique body of experiences in urban development, especially in integrated slum upgrading and social housing. Many of these experiences have served as references in other countries. The study’s primary results indicate that Cities Alliance’s trajectory in Brazil has followed – and at the same time stimulated and supported – the evolution of urban development policies at the national, state and municipal level with productive synergies among different projects. The analysis also highlights the importance of a long-term vision and continuity of collaboration between the Cities Alliance and its government counterparts, the flexibility to adapt to evolving policies, and the importance of having support in place to disseminate the knowledge gained, among others. Key findings include: • Long-term vision and continuity. Sustained cities Alliance support to São Paulo, the state of Bahia, and the Ministry of Cities was fundamental to establishing dialogue and mutual trust, which helped identify priority requests for support and overcome changes in political administrations. • Cities Alliance support was sequential and cumulative. Because it was not limited to sporadic assistance, Cities Alliance support could evolve along with its Brazilian partners’ policies, programmes, and projects and meet new demands. • Flexibility. The possibility of just-in-time grants for technical assistance lent agility to the process of meeting counterparts’ requests. Cities Alliance members and partners also showed flexibility, such as in relocating resources from Bahia to the federal level. • The presence of a Cities Alliance office and team in São Paulo. This was important to ensure continuity of contact with counterparts, access capabilities and qualified human resources, and facilitate regular interaction with the Ministry of Cities. • A clear vision for innovation by Brazil. Brazil had clear demands for Cities Alliance support for its policies, programmes and projects, helping Cities Alliance achieve concrete results with its strategic support. • Institutional learning by the Cities Alliance. Continued collaboration with Brazilian counterparts led the Cities Alliance to embark on a process of institutional learning and perfecting operations and tools. • Institutions and policies can achieve scale. With very few exceptions at local level, there were no large scale slum upgrading and social housing interventions without institutions and national policies in place to drive them. This lesson possibly contributed to creating the Country Programme strategy, in which support to local governments was necessarily coupled with an effort to strengthen institutions and to design policies with a national coverage. • Dissemination is not the same as knowledge transfer. Methodologies developed in Brazil were effectively adapted to the Mozambican context in Maputo, and, to a lesser extent, Durban. In both cases, there was specific technical and financial support for knowledge transfer. • International dissemination and dialogue about national policies are fundamental. lessons learned became more productive when focused on fewer specific themes and when equally specific products were expected because of dissemination, as in the case of the comparative analyses resulting from the Sector Dialogues between Brazil and the European Union. In the future, Cities Alliance can help strengthen Brazil’s international interaction, continue the dissemination of the Brazilian experience, and fuel the already growing presence and operation of Cities Alliance members in Brazil. 33 COUNTRY LEVEL The main vehicle for Cities Alliance activities at the country level is the Country Programme. In 2016 Country Programmes in Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique, and Uganda provided the partnership foundation for our Future Cities Africa initiative, which helped cities in those four countries include resilience into their planning. Cities Alliance also wrapped up oversight of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation portfolio, which it had been managing since 2013. The LSC programme spanned Country Programmes five countries, 53 cities or A Cities Alliance Country Programme is a longer-term, programmatic approach to addressing the specific urban municipalities, and benefitted development needs of a selected country, in the context of rapid urban growth and the growth of urban poverty. some 1.5 million slum dwellers It also promotes the development of inclusive cities. (directly and indirectly). Country Programmes target national government, local governments and communities by developing two main components: • A framework to enhance cooperation among Alliance partnership, and formed the basis for design national and local governments, urban poor and implementation of the Cities Alliance Country communities, Cities Alliance members, investors and Programmes. It also transformed the Cities Alliance; the other partners; and LSC approach was instrumental in encouraging Cities Alliance to change its entire business model in 2010. • Funding to complement Cities Alliance member and partner activities by filling action or knowledge gaps. Overall Achievements In 2016, Cities Alliance had active Country Programmes • Leveraged funds. The original $15 million grant in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Liberia, Mozambique, Tunisia, from the Gates Foundation has directly and indirectly Uganda and Vietnam. leveraged over $700 million in investments from major development organisations for cities and services, and just over $9 million in co-financing COUNTRY PROGRAMME from Country Programme partners. EVALUATIONS • Created coherence of effort. The Country Programmes have mobilised wide Cities Alliance Two programme evaluations were completed in 2016. membership involvement, with 12 members The first was a closure report for the five original Land, strategically and operationally engaged through the Services and Citizenship (LSC) Country Programmes, course of the programme. The coherent institutional which were funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates framework further facilitated the participation of Foundation. They included Burkina Faso, Ghana, more than 70 non-member partners – evidence that Mozambique, Uganda and Vietnam. Three Country the LSC partnership methodology is successful in Programmes – Ghana, Uganda and Vietnam – were the creating coherence of effort. subject of a more intensive independent evaluation, undertaken by Accenture in late 2016. • Training provided at all levels. LSC developed training programmes for national government, city government and urban poor communities with Land, Services and Citizenship for the Urban potential for replication. 96 training workshops Poor Programme Closure Report and 34 exchange missions have been organised and more than 3,600 people trained, including In 2009, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided representatives from government ministries, local Cities Alliance with a $15 million grant to fund a new, government officials and technical staff, CBOs, and comprehensive and programmatic approach in five community leaders. developing countries faced with rapid urban growth and poverty. • Strategic planning. LSC catalysed and consolidated municipal development plans or city development The resulting Land, Services and Citizenship strategies in 34 cities. programme became a flagship initiative of the Cities 34 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 “We realised we had to talk to the urban poor and include them in the planning. The urban poor had been neglected. We are now celebrating the urban poor.” – Director of Policy, Planning, M & E, Ghanaian Ministry • Mobilised slum dwellers. At least 386 developed through partnering, knowledge sharing community savings groups have been created and exchange. and strengthened through the LSC programme. Other key findings include: Slum dweller federations in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Uganda, and Vietnam are actively engaged in • Cities Alliance played a prominent role in local-level dialogue with government and other encouraging a bottom-up approach to urban stakeholders. development, with its participatory approach • Created space for dialogue. 43 Municipal helping enable grassroots community Forums have been established. organisations to collaborate with national governments and international donors, Country-specific Achievements empowering communities, and providing them with a voice in the urban agenda. • In Uganda, major infrastructure projects are underway in 14 secondary cities, all with direct • In all countries, 100 per cent of the stakeholders support of the Country Programme. acknowledged that Cities Alliance helped establish a platform for partnership. Cities • An advocacy campaign has raised the profile Alliance also helped to strengthen existing in- of urban issues in Ghana with an urban agenda country relationships by enabling collaborative openly championed by (then) President John and participatory ways of working. Mahama. • Collaboration with Cities Alliance has provided • There are now active national urban fora in partner organisations and recipients with an Uganda, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mozambique and existing platform and strong credential that they Vietnam formulating national responses to rapid can use to secure further work, thereby creating urbanisation. a multiplier effect external to the Country • Land for the urban poor has been released by Programmes themselves. the local governments working with the Cities Alliance in Uganda. The evaluation found that Cities Alliance has a viable opportunity to advance its Country Programmes by leveraging the momentum generated, and lessons Accenture Evaluation of Country learned, during the first wave in Ghana, Uganda Programmes in Ghana, Uganda and and Vietnam. Cities Alliance should continue to Vietnam work through partnerships to strengthen the urban agenda. Moreover, it should continue with its Cities Alliance commissioned Accenture to produce Country Programmes to help improve programme a closure report evaluating the LSC programme in management and sustainability in the countries in Ghana, Uganda and Vietnam. The evaluation was which it operates. conducted over 16 weeks, from September 2016 to January 2017. It found that the Country Programmes met their objectives. All three countries now have an inclusive “We still need Cities Alliance National Urban Policy, and Uganda and Vietnam because they opened our eyes have developed effective Municipal Development Strategies to plan and prepare their cities for future and the ears of the government.” urban development. – Grassroots Federation Citizen engagement has increased through savings groups, forums and profiling exercises, and the urban poor now have opportunities to be heard at the political level. Local capacity has also been 35 INCORPORATING A GENDER FOCUS INTO THE COUNTRY PROGRAMMES When the first Country Programmes were conceptualised in 2009, Cities Alliance members had not yet incorporated gender as a corporate priority. That changed in 2013, when the Cities Alliance Consultative Group8 made promoting gender equality a pillar of its Medium-Term Strategy for 2014-2017 and established gender as a cross-cutting theme in all its work. To support that vision, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation contributed $150,000 to fund a Gender Diagnosis of how Country Programmes can incorporate gender into their programming. Conducted by SKL International, the Gender Diagnosis evaluated the Burkina Faso, Ghana, Uganda, Mozambique, and Vietnam Country Programmes and their local partners to assess current practices and policies addressing gender equality. Based on the gender diagnosis, comprehensive roadmaps and action plans are being produced for each Country Programme as well as for Cities Alliance’s implementing partners so they can better integrate gender issues across all aspects of design, appraisal, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. In addition, capacity building is taking place in each of the countries. So far, around 35 staff of partner ministries and cities in Uganda, Ghana and Vietnam have been trained on gender mainstreaming. SKL and Cities Alliance also held a gender-mainstreaming advisory session at Habitat III in Quito. BURKINA FASO COUNTRY PROGRAMME Two thirds of the participants The Burkina Faso Country Programme – Programme- at Burkina Faso’s 2nd National pays urbain du Burkina Faso (PPUB) – is a partnership initiative undertaken by the Government of Urban Forum were women. Burkina Faso and its support partners to align urban development efforts at the national, city and community levels. Burkina Faso is the first Cities • A national capacity building programme to Alliance Country Programme in francophone Africa. support urban planning and management; It aims to: • An integrated and participatory approach to • Support the Government of Burkina Faso’s urban development; efforts to implement national housing and urban • Harmonisation of planning tools piloted in development strategies; Tenkodogo; and • Build the capacity of cities to strategically • Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms at the manage urbanisation; local level to follow up on the Plan National de • Empower and strengthen community Développement Economique et Social – PNDES organisations to actively engage in city 2016-2020 (the national social and economic development and national policy debate; and development policy). • Focus on primary cities (Ouagadougou and Development of an urban database Bobo-Dioulasso) and secondary cities (Dori, Dedougou, and Tenkodogo). A database of urban indicators has been developed through a three-phase process. In the first phase, a permanent framework for dialogue and coherence Activities in 2016 of effort between organisations producing urban data was established. Phase two involved the actual Second National Urban Forum collection of data and development of the database, as well as training technical staff on how to use it. Burkina Faso held its second National Urban Forum The final phase focused on continued dialogue and (NUF) in Bobo-Dioulasso 10-11 November 2016, working with stakeholders to turn the database into a with over 600 participants. The NUF has considerable full-fledged national observatory that responds to the support; the national government has made the information needs of urban stakeholders. event a priority in its planning and budget. The main theme of the 2016 Forum was rural-urban Other activities linkages, and recommendations included: • A new project activity has been designed to • Further fiscal and administrative decentralisation develop an urban development framework in favour of local governments; within the context of the national social and economic development policy. 8 The Cities Alliance Consultative Group was the precursor to the current Assembly. 36 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 • The Burkina Faso State of the Cities Report is in the final stages of drafting. The report will provide an understanding of the country’s cities and inform the action plan for urban development. • Planning tools have been piloted in Tenkodogo, including the Programme Communal de Développement and the Programme d’Occupation des Sols. • Following the May 2016 municipal elections, new local officials have been trained on the activities of the Country Programme, including participatory urban planning. • A mid-line study was carried out by UrbaConsulting to provide data for the assessment of the Country Programme outcomes. Preliminary findings show some improvements, especially in Bissighin, where Cities Alliance Lead Urban Specialist Serge Allou some infrastructure projects had already addresses the 2nd Burkina Faso National Urban Forum been completed. in November 2016. Photo: Michaela Solnická Volná Infrastructure projects Infrastructure projects identified and prioritised through a participatory approach involving the communities are being implemented in five cities. They are: CITY TYPE OF PROJECT DESCRIPTION Bissighin Priority infrastructure • Construction of a community centre to serve as office for the neighbourhood development committee and equipment storage for community projects • Improved storm water drainage • Construction works on the main access road and the roads on Bissighin’s steep slopes • Renovation of the town health and social centre Bissighin Small community upgrading • Construction of public toilets in Bissighin market projects • Construction of unit for photovoltaic energy systems installation and training of youth and women in solar energy systems • Training youth and women in plumbing • Collecting, sorting and recycling household waste Dori Priority infrastructure • The construction of a community market in Yarala • Expansion of the two main roads in Yarala and Petit Paris neighbourhoods • Construction of three water fountains • Construction of a multipurpose stage Tenkodogo Priority infrastructure • Expansion of the two main roads in Sector 3 of the Municipality • Construction of two boreholes Dédougou Priority infrastructure • Construction of a market facility to benefit women of the Madagascar informal settlement in Sector 3 of the Municipality. Bobo-Dioulasso Priority infrastructure • Construction of waterpoints and expansion of the main road for inhabitants of KOA informal settlement. 37 The Community Investment GHANA COUNTRY PROGRAMME Fund in Ghana will prioritise The Cities Alliance Ghana Country Programme started in 2011 with the objectives of supporting the women-led projects. capacity and resources available to the urban poor, strengthening the capacities of local governments to inclusively plan and manage urban growth, and in decision-making processes through organised supporting national and local policy dialogue to stakeholder fora and meetings. They also committed promote pro-poor urban systemic change. to support the monitoring teams that were established following the training programmes. Programme implementation has focused on the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), with some activities having nationwide outreach. The main themes New Documentaries Launched of the programme are urban policy, participatory A robust national urban advocacy campaign with urban governance, capacity development, and urban documentaries, radio, and social media was delivered infrastructure. from the outset of the programme. The campaign Activities in 2016 included a National Urban Forum, helped place Ghana’s urbanisation into the spotlight of support for Ghana’s Habitat III discussion process, policy making and change the mindset and behaviour and training for local governments. of urban dwellers towards their environment. The “Fixing the Urban Mess” documentary series National Urban Forum was an exemplary product of this campaign. Following its success, a second round of 14 TV documentaries In 2016 the Urban Development Unit (UDU), which is entitled Urban Diaries was launched in 2016, further located within the Ministry of Local Government and reinforcing the collective understanding of Rural Development (MLGRD), was very active in urban urban issues. policy dialogues on international platforms, providing good visibility for Ghana. A National Housing and Urban Advocacy The UDU has successfully convened seven Ghana Network (HUDNET) National Urban Forums, which have served as platforms for policy dialogues among key actors actively The HUDNET was launched as a national advocacy engaged in the country’s urban development process. platform on housing and urban development. It brings together various groups to advance the cause The 2016 National Urban Forum was held in the of sustainable, equitable urban development. The secondary city of Sunyani, capital of the Brong Ahafo HUDNET has been used to lobby key decision makers Region. More than 150 participants from district, at both the municipal and national levels to prioritise regional and national level, governmental as well as budgeting and resource allocation for pro-poor civil society, academia, private sector and international housing development. The aim is that, beginning in cooperation partners attended the event. The topic 2017, Ghana’s national budgets will address needs of 2016 was “Localising the New Urban Agenda: of the urban poor with an increased allocation for the A Catalyst for Financing Urban Infrastructure for Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing. Equitable Economic Growth in Ghana,” in line with actual discussions and elaborations of the New Urban In August 2016, HUDNET played an important role Agenda. in reviewing the National Slum Upgrading Policy and Strategy, which has been adopted by both MLGRD and One follow up action was to agree on clearly defined Ministry of Works and Housing. Following sustained rules and regulations (Terms of References or engagement with all political parties prior to the 2016 Operational Framework) for the Ghana Urban Forum election, the newly established Ministry for Inner Cities to secure its independence and sustainability. is an important initiative that aims to address the needs of slums and informal settlements. The coming Capacity Building and Training months will reveal the extent of the new government’s commitment to resourcing of this new Ministry. As part of capacity building, an Organisation Development process was conducted in 2016 with 21 officers from the MLGRD, whose work directly An Operational Manual for a Community influences the UDU. Investment Fund Three different training sessions were held for zonal An operational manual for a Community Investment and unit committee members in 11 municipalities, Fund was developed and presented to the MLGRD. with the last taking place in 2016. This training The Fund is expected to complement efforts on slum involved 300 committee members, representatives upgrading in low-income communities, especially of local community, and the zonal council officers of in GAMA. It was inaugurated with $300,000 in the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies seed funding for community groups. Urban poor (MMDAs). communities and informal traders can take advantage of this fund to promote their entrepreneurial activities The training resulted in a commitment by Municipal and participatory social development of communities. Assemblies to increase grassroots participation 38 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 LIBERIA COUNTRY PROGRAMME In 2016, the Liberia Country In 2015, Cities Alliance launched a new Liberia Programme directly benefited Country Programme to bring greater Monrovia’s slum dwellers – who make up 70 per cent of its population the living and working lives of – into the national development process, and help improve living and working conditions for the poor over 2,000 urban poor in greater as part of the social and economic recovery from the Monrovia by laying the ground 2014-15 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak. The Liberia Country Programme is largely financed by a five-year for a more inclusive city through grant of £3.9 million from UK charity Comic Relief and the Big Lottery Fund. a dynamic partnership with local The Country Programme aims to improve the lives and national government. of at least 400,000 slum dwellers and working poor by empowering local people and enabling them to create lasting change in their communities in partnership with government and the private sector. Launch of the Programme’s Community It will mobilise urban poor groups and equip them to Activities improve their own lives. Access to community grants The Country Programme’s community component will support slum upgrading including improved kicked off in 2016. SDI and WIEGO are the grant access to water and sanitation. Investments in holders, with YMCA of Liberia, community savings citywide slum upgrading and incremental housing groups, the Durban-based StreetNet International, policy frameworks will transform the living conditions and the National Association of Petty Traders of of urban poor households. Liberia (NAPETUL) as implementing partners. The first year of the Liberia Country Programme The community component began with a learning- focused heavily on building an urban poor federation by-doing knowledge exchange organised by in Monrovia, which is crucial its implementation, SDI affiliates, followed by three key activities: the ownership and sustainability. A nascent slum dweller enumeration of West Point, Liberia’s largest slum federation has been established and is developing precariously situated on a narrow spur into the closer ties with city officials, who are beginning Atlantic Ocean; citywide profiling of informal to depend on data collected by slum dwellers to settlements in Monrovia and other cities and make cases for issues in the city. City officials are townships in the Greater Monrovia Area; and the accepting the federation as a medium for discussions mobilisation and organisation of communities into between slum settlements and city governments, and savings groups. township commissioners and the profiling team are working together to organise town hall meetings with Knowledge exchange community leaders. A team of seven community members and NGO The Liberia Country Programme also supported support staff with experience in community the design of a $1 million Community Upgrading mobilisation, citywide profiling, and enumeration Fund (CUF) that will support at least 100 community from SDI affiliates from Kenya, Ghana, Sierra Leone, projects between $5,000-15,000 each of which will and South Africa visited Liberia. They worked hands- cater to 400,000 slum dwellers. on with emerging federation members in Liberia Cities Alliance announced a Clinton Global Initiative Commitment to Action to achieve transformative change in Liberia during the CGI Annual Meeting 19-21 September in New York. Photo: Clinton Global Initiative 39 through a series of practical exercises, known as • 1,619 of the total structures are residential quarters, learning-by-doing, aimed at enabling the Liberian team while 85 units are solely used as business centres. to further develop their skills to mobilise the urban poor • 388 houses in West Point serve a dual purpose for around savings. both residential and business needs. This mobilisation should ultimately lead to the formation • 173 structures that are used for other purposes of a national federation which can enable communities (religious, storage, social centres, service to collect and manage their own data. The learning points, etc.). exchange provided space for community members to deepen their understanding of SDI’s organising • Household interviews have been completed in 6 of processes and the federation’s role in the Country the 7 zones of West Point. The process continues in Programme. the remaining zone (Zone 405). • A complete GIS structure map of West Point has One of the main objectives of this exchange was to been digitised/produced. transfer knowledge from more experienced federations to the Liberian team around community-led data • Digitalisation of GIS household map of West Point collection. During the exchange, 50 federation members is nearing completion. were trained in profiling, mapping and enumerations, • A registry of all structures and households in West and they now make up the core federation data team. Point is nearing completion. Thirty people (28 residents of West Point and two YMCA volunteers) were trained in basic community • Data editing and cleaning is ongoing. enumeration skills, while 20 others from five informal settlements acquired practical knowledge in citywide Citywide profiling and mapping profiling and community mobilisation over the course of the week-long exchange. In July 2016, profiling of informal settlements began in the Samuel K. Doe community of Garwolan Township, Enumeration trainees learned how to digitally code in the Greater Monrovia area. Since then, communities and map structures and households, measure the have been profiled and mapped in Monrovia, Congo size of houses using various techniques, administer Town, and New Kru Town Borough. enumeration questionnaires, and produce GIS maps of the data they collected. As for profiling trainees, • Eight communities (Samuel K. Doe Community, they mastered the use of GPS to capture boundary Little White Chapel, Vicky Spot, Zinc Camp, Zondo and service points of slum settlements; categorising Town, King Peter Town, Gbandi Town, and Blamo houses as permanent, temporary, and different usage; Town) have been profiled and mapped in Garwolan counting settlement structures; conducting focus group Township, Bushrod Island. discussions; and forming community mobilisation and • Two communities (Buzzy Quarter and PUC saving groups. community) in central Monrovia have been profiled and mapped. Enumeration of West Point • One settlement (Peace Island, 540 community) in The enumeration of West Point, Liberia’s largest Congo Town was profiled and mapped. slum, began in July 2016. Though challenging, the • 6 communities (Zuma Town, Zinc Camp, Whea intervention recorded several successes: Town, Crab Hole, Island Clinic and Fundaye) in New • Enumerators have completed the mapping/ Kru Town Borough were profiled and mapped. coding of 2,265 structures; 1,758 are classified as • 10 community boundary maps were produced. permanent and 507 as temporary. SDI affiliates trained Liberian communities in enumeration and mapping through SDI’s global “Know Your City” campaign, which promotes grassroots data collection and partnerships between communities and local governments, and has been supported by Cities Alliance. Photo: Slum Dwellers International 40 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Mapping West Point, Liberia’s largest slum. Photo: Slum Dwellers International Information is Power: As part of the enumeration process, trained community members go door-to-door collecting data and household information on a settlement. The community can then use this data to negotiate with local government. Photo: Slum Dwellers International Encouraging a culture of savings • Created 33 new groups in five communities; One of the key activities of the emerging federation • Reactivated 15 previously dormant groups; in Liberia is the mobilisation and organisation of • Verified 48 old and new savings groups in communities into savings groups. These savings groups 6 communities; and form the basis for organising and federating the urban poor communities and are vital to the long-term survival • Verified and confirmed the membership of 1,674 and sustainability of an urban poor movement. savers (calculation is based on records that were submitted at the reporting time). Activities began in July 2016 with a two-prong strategy: Maintaining and reaching out to savings groups affiliated Residents in other communities have shown a with SDI/YMCA initiatives that had become dormant prior strong interest in organising saving groups in their to the Country Programme coming into full swing; and neighbourhoods, and there is a team in place to mobilising new groups in communities where profiling follow up on this interest and sustain the gains made and mapping was taking place. In 2016, the mobilisation: while mobilising. CREATING AN IDENTITY: INTRODUCING FOLUPS On its path towards becoming a fully functional and recognised federation, the Liberia team has put into place a fundamental requirement: An established identity. For an emerging federation, developing an identity with a name and logo is a milestone achievement. From September to December 2016, leaders worked together during their weekly meetings to craft a name and logo that would be embraced by the savers. As of January 2017, organised savings groups in Liberia will be known as: “Federation of Liberia Urban Poor Savers” (FOLUPS). All records from this point will bear the FOLUPS logo. 41 TETEE’S STORY: HOW COMMUNITY PROFILING CHANGED MY LIFE Ms. Tetee Nyewan did not realise her own potential until she was recruited as a saver under the SDI initiative in Liberia. Here is her story, as told to a team of photo journalists from Comic Relief in October 2016: “Before I joined the profiling team, the only information I had about my community was what I heard from people, what I saw with my eyes, and sometimes what was on the news. Born and raised in West Point, I did not know West Point was a diverse community until I started collecting information about my community. Being just a very ordinary resident, participation in community discussion was out of the question. But profiling turned everything around – my status changed from being a subject in West Point to a citizen. Because of the vast knowledge I had about West Point as compared to some political and community leaders of West Point, I was given a space to do a presentation for West Point which made me very proud. Not only that – I have come to be recognised by people in other slum communities that I have profiled. Right now, I am an integral part of West Point’s knowledge base, called upon to talk to international guests who come to West Point. Personally, I have become aware of the many problems my community faces, and that my participation in forums about West Point is based on factual information. For my community, I think we have the opportunity to use the information we have collected to plan the upgrading of our community.” To maintain the momentum within the emerging • 500 copies of member savings books have federation, saving group leaders meet weekly on been printed and issued to former savers whose a rotational basis and at monthly local exchanges. savings books were either destroyed or missing, These meetings create a platform for discussing the so that they have current information about their growth of the federations and provide space for personal savings in the group. developing joint strategic plans for implementing • 94 collector’s books were printed and issued to work plans. They also help reinforce the viability of savings groups to ensure that savers’ records are the process within communities. regularly updated and correspond with records As part of the federation-building, collection and in individual books. management of data on group membership and • 94 copies of treasurer’s books were printed and daily savings is equally prioritised and meticulously issued to savings groups so that the treasurers handled. With support from the programme, three can also have a record of the total savings they types of savings and membership records were receive from collectors. produced to keep groups’ records intact: NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE BENEFITED FROM THE LIBERIA COUNTRY PROGRAMME FIGURE 2:  IN 2016* TYPE OF PEOPLE BENEFITING NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION PEOPLE SUPPORTED TO DATE Total Male Female People directly benefiting Slum dweller leaders with capacity to 50 30 20 profile and map informal settlements (People who can be counted and have an intensive, regular Slum dweller association 1,691 170 1,521 involvement with Programme activities. An example: slum dwellers using a toilet Total number of people directly 1,741 200 1,541 financed by the CUF) benefiting * These figures were calculated using the Cities Alliance M&E beneficiary tracking for 2016. The number of slum dweller leaders with the capacity to profile and map informal settlements is calculated by the number of community members trained in data collection methods that make up the federation data team. Slum dweller association is calculated by the number of active members of savings groups, collected and verified through savings group collection books and meeting records. 42 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Improving the Working Conditions of Street the relationship was characterised by intimidation, Vendors in Partnership with City Government distrust and often physical violence. (WIEGO) The National Petty Trader Union of Liberia (NAPETUL) has secured a formal agreement from the Liberia The informal economy makes up over 80 per cent of Marketing Association (LMA) to work together in relation greater Monrovia’s economic activity, with street vendors to authorities in Monrovia and Paynesville. Street vendors the largest group of informal workers. The Liberia are actively working with the Director of City Planning Country Programme has had tremendous results in this for Monrovia City Corporation and the Deputy of the area in 2016. City Police Commissioner to find common solutions For the first time, city government planning staff, police for public space used for vending. YMCA Liberia and and street vendors have established a productive NAPETUL leaders have been trained in negotiation partnership around trading in the city, leading to skills, building a relationship of solidarity between reduced harassment and stronger livelihoods for petty traders and slum dwellers. around 500 street vendors. Prior to the Programme, NUMBER OF MONROVIA STREET VENDORS WHO BENEFITED FROM THE COUNTRY FIGURE 3:  PROGRAMME IN 2016*: TYPE OF PEOPLE BENEFITING NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION PEOPLE SUPPORTED THIS PERIOD Total Male Female People directly benefiting Street vendors and informal trader 500 200 300 members of NAPETUL in Montserrado (People who can be counted and County with secure trading sites as result of have an intensive and regular negotiated agreement with MCC or PCC involvement with Programme activities. An example: slum Total number of people directly benefiting 500 200 300 dwellers using a toilet financed by the CUF) *The 500 vendors with secure trading sites are those who have paid for the 500 licenses that Monrovia City Corporation has issued, protecting them from harassment and allowing them to grow their business safely. They have also paid for the official jackets issued by NAPETUL to identify and organise street vendors. THE TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE OF CITY-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST EBOLA AND BEYOND IN GREATER MONROVIA, LIBERIA The Cities Alliance partnership commissioned The Transformative Role of City-Community Partnerships in the Fight Against Ebola and Beyond in Greater Monrovia, Liberia to document a significant knowledge gap on how the partnerships between communities and local government contributed to the eradication of Ebola in Monrovia. The Cities Alliance was introduced to Monrovia when it was contracted to act as the substantive intermediary between the Monrovia City Council and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which financed the Improved Primary Waste Collection in Poor Communities (IMPAC) project. This initiative eventually laid the foundation for the Cities Alliance Liberia Country Programme. What began as an oversight function of a well-designed, important project was transformed by the impact of the Ebola Virus Disease, not only in Monrovia, but throughout Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea in the largest and most devastating Ebola outbreak in modern history, claiming over 11,000 lives. Ebola also provided a huge setback to the Liberian economy, which was finally beginning to emerge from a crippling civil war. As this report shows, Liberia’s experience with Ebola provides important insights as to how local and collaborative approaches can succeed where traditional responses are shown to be hopelessly inadequate. Poorer neighbourhoods in Liberia’s capital were linked to more intense, widespread transmission of Ebola, compared to more well-off parts of Monrovia, a pattern seen with other infectious diseases. It has been estimated that some 75 percent of victims in Liberia were women and girls because of their role as primary caregivers. Liberia’s strategy shifted in 2015 from a top-down approach resulting in the forced quarantine of slum communities in Monrovia to a decentralised response engaging urban poor communities and local governments in partnership. This move played a key role in turning the trajectory on new Ebola infections in the city. Now, Liberia’s response is a success story, serving as a vital lesson for African cities undergoing rapid urban growth. The report found that in Liberia’s urban slums, strong community networks were enlisted to help battle the disease. These networks were functional—and indeed, transformational—despite the infrastructure problems. This in turn facilitated government efforts to engage communities to help overcome the crisis. 43 MOZAMBIQUE COUNTRY For every dollar the four PROGRAMME The Mozambique Country Programme was original partners invested developed to contribute to building the capacity of in Chamanculo-C, $2.2 local communities, local government and national government. Another objective was to promote new was raised as leverage. approaches to the urban agenda; in Mozambique, the developmental paradigm is largely rural, and the national government has not adequately prioritised developed in Bahia, Brazil with the support of urban planning and governance. the Italian Government, World Bank, AVSI and Cities Alliance, and adapted the approach to the The Country Programme is led by GIZ, with support Mozambican context. It was implemented by the and active collaboration from implementing partners Municipality of Maputo. including the World Bank, UN-Habitat, City of Maputo, City of Tete, City of Nampula, City of Nacala- The Chamanculo-C activity has successfully a-Velha. leveraged funding for additional projects. Through an agreement between the City of Maputo, Italian Non-implementing leveraging members who provide Cooperation, the World Bank and Cities Alliance, the active project support include Italian Cooperation, the activity has leveraged an additional $4.4 million from Brazilian Cooperation Agency, the World Bank, SECO 32 members and partners. (through the Programme for Municipal Development in North and North-Central Mozambique, or Activities in 2016 included: PRODEM), DFID (through partnership on Gender), • GIZ Mozambique funded the publication of and the French Development Agency (through a the in-situ slum upgrading methodology and partnership for the Mozambique Urban Festival). its application to the Mozambican context; The Country Programme is in its final stages, and • Nine community projects were awarded several main projects closed in 2016. The current in Chamanculo-C; programme will formally complete in 2017. • 50 families were resettled in Chiango; • A Participatory Evaluation Report was delivered Upgrading the Chamanculo-C settlement in April 2016; A slum upgrading initiative in the Chamanculo-C • A drainage plan for Chamanculo-C was finalised neighbourhood of Maputo – a key part of the and delivered in September 2016; Mozambique Country Programme – formally closed on 31 November 2016. • A final partner workshop was held in Chamanculo-C in November 2016; and The Chamanculo-C initiative has been a significant activity for Cities Alliance; it piloted an • Infrastructure works were finalised in integrated, participatory slum upgrading approach November 2016. The Mozambique Country Programme activities and investments have leveraged an additional $9 million in co-funding from partners such as the Governments of Italy and Brazil, GIZ, the World Bank, and local partners. 44 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 The Chamanculo-C upgrading project formally closed in November 2016. Photo: Cities Alliance National Institute of Physical and Works, Housing and Water Resources. Championed Environmental Planning by the First Lady of Mozambique Ms. Isaura Nyusi, the Forum was an effective platform for participatory A new curriculum and course framework has been urban policy dialogue and is expected to continue. developed for the Medium Level Institute for Physical and Environmental Planning (IMPFA), making the training of municipal planning technicians much Second Urban Festival easier, especially for municipal planners working in Following on the success of the National Urban secondary cities. The new curriculum was developed Forum, the second Urban Festival was held on 4-5 through a consultative approach involving cross- November in Maputo through a Cities Alliance grant studies and comparative analysis, and it is pending to GIZ. The event raised the profile of stakeholders, adoption by the government. actors and associations of civil society in Mozambique The activity was implemented by the World Bank and that work on urban citizenship and discuss the closed on 31 November 2016. Key activities during outcomes of the National Urban Forum and the the year included: Habitat III Conference (both held in October 2016). Representatives of 30 Civil Society Organisations • Development of a plan for competency-based (CSOs) participated in the festival. curriculum for IMPFA training of mid-level urban planning technicians with a detailed work plan; It also had dedicated spaces for policy discussion, including gender-focused associations on the • Finalisation of a full set of training materials, development of a national urban agenda for lesson plans and supporting materials consisting Mozambique; an art exhibition on the theme of 18 modules; Moçambique 2030: Urban Imaginaries; projection • Development of approved competency-based of the movie “Maputo: Ethnography of a Divided curriculum and detailed course manuals for each City”; and a fair dedicated to urban citizenship. training module; The festival was held in partnership with the German • Finalisation of competency evaluation manuals; Cooperation, UKAid, Dialogo (DFID), French Development Agency, UN-Habitat, Concern Universal • Training course for 14 technicians of the and CESC (centro de Aprendizagem e Cooperação District and Municipal Services of Mozambique da Sociedade Civil). piloted; and • Finalisation of an operational management plan for the modular training course that provides South-South Learning Exchange educational orientation for the IMPFA. In the run-up to the Future Cities Africa workshop in Ghana in September, a delegation from Mozambique Mozambique’s First National Urban Forum travelled to Ghana on a South-South Learning Exchange between civil society, local and national In early October 2016, Mozambique held its first governments. This activity was supported by National Urban Forum in Maputo. More than Cities Alliance under its grant to GIZ. Mozambican 300 representatives participated, including 41 of representatives met their counterparts in Ghana and Mozambique’s 53 mayors; international development discussed urbanisation issues and how to face its partners; and representatives from the Ministries of challenges in Africa. A brief overview of the exchange Finance, State Administration and Civil Service, Land, was recorded by Dr. Dana de La Fontaine (GIZ Environment and Rural Development, and Public 45 Mozambique) and may be accessed at http://www. urbanet.info/shaping-africas-urban-development/. TUNISIA COUNTRY PROGRAMME The Tunisia Country Programme is a $2.5 million, three- year partnership initiative that aims to foster strategic Strengthening Local Capacity with the Urban city planning, bring greater coherence among member Planning Support Unit and partner activities, and demonstrate the value of participatory local governance in Tunisia. It is the Cities The Country Programme aimed to strengthen the Alliance’s first Country Programme in the Middle East- planning capacities of local government officials and North Africa region. technicians of Nampula, Nacala and Tete municipalities to promote effective planning of the Nampula-Nacala- It is structured around three main pillars: Tete urban corridor. This included an Urban Planning Support Unit to provide training and support for local 1. Scaling up strategic city planning. The Country governments. Programme will assist eight secondary cities (Beja, Gabes, Jendouba, Kairouan, Medenine, The project closed in 2016. Activities over the Monastir, Sidi Bouzid and Tataouine) to engage year included: in city development strategies with the goal of strengthening and disseminating strategic urban • Technicians and elected representatives of the planning in Tunisia. The National Federation of cities of Nacala, Nampula and Tete were trained Tunisian Cities, working closely with the Ministry on urban planning and urban resilience. In total, of Local Affairs and Environment, will provide a 100 technicians from municipalities, academia, platform for consultation so cities can exchange provincial departments, local communities and views, learn from each other, and inform the national civil society were trained; urban debate. • The Urban Planning Support unit has engaged various stakeholders representing the public and 2. Setting up participatory approaches to city private sectors and set up an ongoing platform management. Local governments are required to that meets three times a year; produce five-year municipal investment plans and provide evidence that they are building transparent, • The unit is strengthened with qualified, readily participatory mechanisms to receive funding for available technical capacities to provide support key infrastructure projects. There is a national to the municipalities of Nampula, Nacala and programme to help, and the Country Programme Tete; and will seek to bring additional resources to streamline • A City Development Strategy was developed for implementation. Nampula. It follows the latest methodology (CDS 3. Informing the national urban debate. The Country 2.0) developed by Cities Alliance under the Future Programme aims to help Tunisia deal with key issues Cities Africa Programme. 46 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 related to cities that it will likely confront in the the role cities play in the economic development near future, building on the experience of national of lagging regions. A consultancy firm was and international partners. These issues include recruited to provide Technical Assistance reflection on topics such as regionalisation and the support to the Directorate General of Regional role of cities, intercity collaborative governance, Development of the Ministry, inform the gender equality in city development and city International Conference Tunisia 2020 in management, and the elaboration of a national November, and review former interventions and urban policy. spatial development constraints in three select governorates to draw recommendations for action. The total grant budget is $300,000 with Activities in 2016 $200,000 from Cities Alliance. A major achievement of the Country Programme in 2016 was to engage a wide array of Tunisian and Programme Steering Committee international partners to join forces and coordinate A Programme Steering Committee was established efforts towards advancing the decentralisation and consisting of 12 members representing public city development agendas in the country. institutions, international partners, associations, and In March, a Country Programme Framework civil society. The committee met for the first time on Document was finalised, providing the foundation for 9 December 2016 to discuss the direction of the implementation. Discussions are also underway with programme as a partnership, agree on a Terms of UN-Habitat’s Regional Office for the Arab States and Reference for its role and mandate, and start design the Association of Tunisian Urban Planners to finalise of a Monitoring and Evaluation framework. a project proposal in support of the Ministry of Equipment to engage jointly in elaborating a National Urban Policy. UGANDA COUNTRY To support the partners in the programme, Cities PROGRAMME Alliance hired a country-based Technical Advisor, In 2016 the Uganda Country Programme focused Kamel Ben Ameur, in September 2016. mainly on drafting Municipal Development Strategies (MDS) for 14 secondary cities in Uganda. The process Grant agreements signed in 2016 enhanced the institutional and human capacity development of several key partners: The Ministry • With UNDP, in partnership with GIZ, CILG- of Land, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD) VNGi and Medcities in support of the National as the oversight agency; local governments; and Federation of Tunisian Cities and the eight cities Municipal Development Forums (MDF) as the main to elaborate City Development Strategies. The implementing agencies of the MDS. An MDS training project is beginning with setup of municipal manual was produced to streamline this process. teams at the city level, the finalisation of a common methodology, and design of a training The 14 municipal strategies were finalised in 2016 agenda. The total grant budget is $1,345,000 and are being validated by the municipalities. with $850,000 from Cities Alliance. The Ministry and the local governments are also • With the World Bank, to support the Ministry engaged in an extensive dissemination campaign to of Investment Development and International publicise the strategies and share the knowledge with Cooperation in carrying out an action-study on stakeholders. The Tunisia Country Programme Steering Committee held its first meeting in Tunis, 9 December 2016, with Lead Urban Specialist Serge Allou and Urban Specialist Lisa Reudenbach representing the Secretariat. Photo: Cities Alliance 47 The MDS process linked in with the Future Cities • At least 318 community savings groups and Africa programme, which was also active in Uganda. 13,458 savers have been mobilised for local Through the FCA programme, the 14 municipalities revenue generation. developing strategies carried out Rapid Cities • 123 community upgrading infrastructure projects Resilience Assessments (RCRAs), which enhanced have been implemented using the Community their resilience perspective. Upgrading Fund participatory approach in five The favourable partnership dynamics of the Uganda municipalities – Arua, Jinja, Kabale, Mbale and Country Programme provided a springboard for Mbarara. Projects included WASH facilities, other Cities Alliance activities in the country, such as roadworks, electricity and schools. a diagnosis on equitable economic growth (carried • Enumeration/mapping and profiling of out by IPE TripleLine Consulting with Mbale as one of settlements of the urban poor has been the case cities); and a study on the informal sector in carried out in all 14 target municipalities of the Uganda, carried out by the University of Westminster programme through a participatory learning-by- within the framework of the FCA initiative. doing approach, and the information generated has been used by communities to reach out Evaluating Outcomes to municipal authorities on planning and development. An end-line study was carried out by StatWorld • The institutional capacities of national Consult Uganda to provide data for the evaluation government agencies, local governments, of the Country Programme’s outcomes. Findings community leaders and related institutions active indicated that targets have been mostly exceeded, in urban development have been strengthened. and the levels of governance, citizen engagement and provision of basic services to the urban poor Gender has been an important aspect of the have all improved during the implementation of the Country Programme. In common with international Country Programme. Outcomes include: experience, saving groups are invariably dominated • The Uganda National Urban Policy has been and led by women. Municipal Development Forums, drafted through participatory research and training workshops and other project activities a consultative process, and submitted to the in Uganda have all targeted balanced gender National Assembly for adoption. representation. • The Uganda National Urban Forum has been established and institutionalised as an all- VIETNAM COUNTRY inclusive platform for urban policy dialogue. • Municipal Development Forums and settlement PROGRAMME level forums have been established and Launched in 2010 as one of the first Country widely adopted as participatory governance Programmes, the Vietnam programme formally mechanisms in the target 14 secondary cities closed in September 2016. It has successfully and Kampala, and have been identified as supported the Government of Vietnam in reforming statutory urban governance instruments in the urban planning and enhancing coherence of efforts draft National Urban Policy. towards sustainable urban development. The Uganda Country Programme served as the platform for the Future Cities Africa programme, which helped 14 municipalities developing strategies also carried out Rapid Cities Resilience Assessments (RCRAs), which enhanced their resilience perspective. Photo: Soroti MDF 48 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 The Country Programme activities included the Participants included officials of Urban Development Vietnam Urbanisation Review; operationalising of Agency, the Ministry of Construction, the Association National Urban Upgrading Programme (NUUP); of Cities Vietnam, and UN-Habitat. expanding the community development fund (CDF) approach for infrastructure and housing improvement Training course on Promoting Inclusive Growth in low-income communities to 20 small and medium in Asian Cities cities; converging citywide slum upgrading with Cities Alliance, in cooperation with the Cities overall city development efforts in two of the CDF Development Initiative for Asia and the GIZ project cities; and the foundation phase of the National Inclusive Metropolitan Environments for the Urban Urban Development Strategy (NUDS). Poor, organised training on ‘Promoting Inclusive Growth in Asian Cities’ in Can Tho, Vietnam 31 Activities in 2016 May to 1 June 2016. Around 30 participants including mayors, deputy mayors, construction The CDS process spawns new community projects engineers, and urban management officers from 23 small-and medium-sized cities participated in The CDS supported by Cities Alliance in Tam Ky has the training course on governance approaches, led to the development of a community tourism institutional arrangements, cooperation models, project in Tam Thanh commune, with a focus on and infrastructure investments for inclusive local bringing art in the community living environment. economic development. The project is funded by the private sector, which will cover artwork, communications and marketing; the The comprehensive course has been integrated city budget for new construction; and the community into the national Urban Management Training for upgrading and business development using the Programme for Chairpersons and Vice Chairpersons CDF approach. The seed fund for CDF in Tam Ky of the Academy of Managers for Construction and grew to $15,000, including contribution from the Cities, a government institution under the Ministry private sector. of Construction of Vietnam. City-to-city exchanges for community representatives and city officials are being organised between Tam Ky, Quy Nhon and Can Tho. The exchanges will focus Bill & Melinda Gates on shared learning in community savings, community- based tourism promotion, and organisation of Foundation Intermediation cooperatives. All three towns participated in the Cities Alliance-supported CDF and CDS projects. Portfolio Asian Development Bank to fund Phase II of the Since 2013, the Cities Alliance Secretariat has National Urban Development Strategy provided substantive oversight to the urban portfolio of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Most projects Cities Alliance supported the Ministry of Construction closed in 2015, but two were still active in 2016: in the foundation phase of developing Vietnam’s National Urban Development Strategy, which aims to contribute towards major advances in the equity and Ministry of Urban Development and effectiveness of urban development, reduce urban Housing, Government of Ethiopia poverty, and improve living conditions for all urban The Cities Alliance Secretariat has been overseeing a residents. Cities Alliance also funded the outline project supporting three secondary cities in Ethiopia structure and content for the strategy’s subsequent to modernise their property tax collection systems formulation and implementation. with the idea to scale up the model to all secondary Building on this foundation, the Asian Development cities in Ethiopia. In October 2016, the office of the Bank signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with the Prime Minister approved the proposal to continue Government of Vietnam for Technical Assistance to the project. Once it closes, the Ministries of Finance implement the next phase of developing the national and Housing/Urban Development have committed urban development strategy. The Asian Development approximately $8.7 million to finish the piloting of the Bank has allocated $ 2.5 million to the project. three cities and expand to other secondary cities. Gender workshop for Vietnam Country Programme partners City of Harare and Dialogue on Shelter Zimbabwe In keeping with the partnership’s commitment to integrating gender into all its work, Cities The grant to the City of Harare was responsible for Alliance organised a one-day gender workshop fostering a strong and lasting relationship between for Cities Alliance partners in Vietnam. Held in informal resident dwellers, Dialogue on Shelter, Hanoi on 15 April 2016, the training was provided and the municipal government. This participatory by SKL International and hosted by the Academy process allowed for barriers to be broken and of Managers for Construction and Cities of the open communication for all parties. Because of its Vietnamese Ministry of Construction. The sessions groundbreaking, long-term private sector solutions focused on key gender concepts, gender analysis, to key development issues around security of tenure, and the relevance of gender mainstreaming in cities. housing and services, the City of Harare was highly commended for their Harare Slum Upgrading 49 Project by the Financial Times/ International Finance Corporation (FT/IFC) Transformational Business “A safety pin is used to join awards in June 2016. things together. Safetipin tries to get communities together Catalytic Fund to improve safety.” – Kalpana Viswanath, co-founder of Safetipin The Catalytic Fund (CATF) is a Cities Alliance global funding instrument which provides grant support for innovative projects that strengthen and promote the role of cities in poverty reduction and in sustainable Partnerships urban development. In each city, Safetipin has forged a formal Since its launch in 2012, the CATF has funded 31 collaboration with the local city government to share innovative projects in 48 cities in 32 countries, the data and provide them reports and maps which disbursing $6.1 million in grant funding. It has issued will help improve safety parameters on the ground. three thematic calls for proposals: Migration, Know It has signed a Memorandum of Understanding Your City, and Youth and the City, with one open call. with the New Delhi Municipal Council, the Bogota Secretary of Women, and the Nairobi City Council. While most CATF projects are still ongoing, several projects showed some exciting results in 2016. Improvements and changes in cities because of Safetipin Safetipin Delhi As part of the Catalytic Fund Know Your City call for The Safetipin data has been shared with several proposals, Cities Alliance supported Safetipin, a map- stakeholders who have started working on initiatives based mobile phone and online application which to improve safety and inclusion in public spaces: works to make communities and cities safer. • The Delhi Public Works Department has Residents and trained auditors collect map-based improved lighting in more than 50 per cent of data related to safety on a city, information that the 7,000 points that were shown as having dark residents can use to identify problem areas. At spots. The Minister has publicly committed that the core of the app is the Women’s Safety Audit, all dark spots identified by Safetipin will be fixed a participatory tool for collecting and assessing by 30 March 2017. information about perceptions of urban safety in public spaces. • The Delhi Tourism department is working on improving safety around 10 tourist monuments Any user can do an audit or post a harassment, a that have been audited. hazard, or even a Feeling. Each audit results in a • The New Delhi Municipal Commission is working pin on the specific location where the audit was on improving last-mile connectivity in and performed and records the time and date. Based on around the 13 metro stations in their jurisdiction. audit data in an area, a Safety Score is generated. Architects from the commission joined the Cities Alliance funding has been used to undertake Safetipin team during the safety audit phase. Safety Audits in three cities – Delhi, Bogota and • Delhi police have integrated Safetipin data into Nairobi – to help improve safety, especially for their database of crime occurrence and are using women, and expand the use of Safetipin. it to improve police patrolling. Since then, Safetipin has grown and expanded. In • The Delhi government’s GIS portal has 2016, it collected data in the three cities using its two incorporated the Safetipin applications, My Safetipin and Safetipin Nite. Overall, data into its database. the apps have covered 11,230 kilometres with 72,066 safety audit pins (see Figure 4). The New Delhi Municipal Commission chairman presented its collaboration with Safetipin  AFETIPIN EXPANSION IN 2016, FIGURE 4: S at a transport forum organised BY KILOMETRE AND NUMBER OF by ADB in Manila in September SAFETY AUDIT PINS: 2016. Nairobi Kilometres No. of Safety City Covered Audit Pins In Nairobi, efforts have focused Delhi 7,382 47,852 on the Eastleigh area, where Nairobi 1,154 7,375 the city has improved lighting, Bogota 2,694 16,839 Total 11,230 72,066 50 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 cleared sidewalks, and made the public spaces more Promoting Social usable. A main street with the city’s market has been and Economic organised, lighting improved, and space provided for vendors in consultation with local community Inclusion for members and stakeholders. Returning Migrants In October 2016, the Nairobi city council presented in Guatemala its Safetipin findings at a session at Habitat III in In recent years, Quito, Ecuador. deportation rates from the U.S. to Guatemala, El Bogotá Salvador and Honduras Bike paths across the entire city have been audited have increased due to using Safetipin to improve walkability and non- anti-migrant legislation. motorised transport – the first time such an exercise Many of the deported has been carried out. Safetipin data has been used to migrants end up in light up dark spots in the city, and the data has been Guatemala City, which used to determine CCTV placement around the city. receives almost 100,000 deportees each year. Bogotá’s Secretary of Women presented Safetipin The government of data at the UCLG Congress Third World Summit of Guatemala has struggled Local and Regional Leaders in October 2016. to generate enough work-related opportunities for deportees, and support for them upon arrival is Scaling up the Barrio Digital Programme in limited. There is a missed opportunity to integrate productive human resources that could actively La Paz, Bolivia contribute to the city’s economy. One of the challenges faced by the Municipality With support from Cities Alliance Catalytic Fund, of La Paz (GAMLP) is engaging communities to Fundación Avina initiated a project in 2016 to help provide feedback on the performance of its primary integrate deported migrants into the labour market urban upgrading initiative. The Cities Alliance and local economy in Guatemala: Integración de los Catalytic Fund supported the development of an migrantes en el mercado laboral y la economía local ICT-enabled platform – called Barrio Digital (Digital de las ciudades del Departamento de Guatemala. Neighbourhood) – that will enable citizens to provide feedback to the municipality. The project will establish an Intersectoral Committee for Labour and Social Inclusion, one of the first The project is part of the Know Your City! Call for initiatives of its kind in the country. The committee will Proposals issued in 2014, and it was launched by in bring together representatives from different sectors October 2016 by La Paz Mayor Luis Revilla. who are directly related to migration and social The Barrio Digital platform is based on customisable, inclusion, including the public and private sectors, open-source software that can be easily maintained academia, and civil society. The idea is for all parties by the municipality. It allows citizens to send real-time to become aware of the existing local programmes feedback, grievances and requests for assistance from their cell phones or through the Internet to GAMLP through an online platform. One of the main goals of the project was to create a platform with functionalities that could be tailored to local requirements. The software development firm SOLID Solutions trained the municipality’s team and configured the SMS component of the project. The firm also monitored the platform and components for two months to ensure quality control. Metropolis, the World Bank partner in this initiative, is providing technical inputs on the design and La Paz Mayor Luis Revilla (centre) launched the Barrio implementation of the programme and will also Digital tool in October 2016. support dissemination and knowledge sharing of results and lessons learned. The activity is sponsored by Metropolis and implemented by the World Bank and the Municipality of La Paz. 51 and initiatives so they can join efforts and achieve In keeping with the goals of the Cities Alliance more effective results. The committee also aims to Catalytic Fund, knowledge sharing is an important encourage public institutions and private companies part of this activity. Lessons learned will be shared to allot funding to support the project’s objectives. with neighbouring countries such as Honduras and El Salvador to gather ideas on scaling up the The project also includes: project with public officials, private sector and • Psychosocial support to help the deportees cope other stakeholders. with the trauma of their experiences; • Training on forming technical, financial, political RedACTES: Citizens Action Network for and trade unions; and Safe and Efficient Public Transportation • Training to complement competencies migrants in Guatemala City have acquired abroad as well as access to job opportunities and entrepreneurship projects. Every day in Guatemala City, about two million people (two thirds of the city’s population) ride the Fundación Avina will coordinate with other bus. For many, especially women, it is not a safe organisations to benefit the project. The foundation journey. The bus system in Guatemala City is widely will work with the National Center for Social considered to be one of the most dangerous public Responsible Businesses (Centro Nacional para la spaces in the country; it is notoriously rife with Responsabilidad Social Empresarial-Centrarse), a violence, including sexual abuse, extortion, bribery, group of approximately 120 businesses that has and overcharging. It is so bad that the system has managed a programme called “Inclusive Businesses” come to serve as a symbol of the ineffectiveness of to promote businesses that are free of discriminatory public institutions to deliver a critical basic service. practices. Fundación Avina will also work closely with With a grant from Cities Alliance through the Catalytic Habitat for Humanity Guatemala. Their social housing Fund, Transparency International, Acción Ciudadana programmes aim to improve the quality of life for and its partner, the Guatemalan Ombudsman for many low-income families, and construction of Human Rights, have piloted a systemic approach these housing units can provide jobs for up to to provide safe, efficient public transportation in 150 deportees. Guatemala City. These partnerships will set a precedent for how Sponsored by UN-Habitat and GIZ, the Citizen Action programmes can leverage impact to address adverse Network for Safe and Efficient Public Transportation conditions faced by vulnerable communities and initiative (RedACTES) project is implemented by improve the quality of life in Guatemala City. The Acción Ciudadana, Guatemalan affiliate of the activity is expected to create employment and global anti-corruption organisation Transparency provide access to housing, which in turn will help International. families gain access to services including sanitation, water and electricity. The approach is a multi-faceted one. It works with bus drivers, bus riders and other key stakeholders to capture and visualise the impact of poor, insecure delivery of public transportation on people’s lives. Then, it uses that data and picture of the problem to mobilise key government actors to fix the system in both the short and longer term. A central feature of this approach is an online platform called “Transporte Seguro” that collects reports by victims and witnesses of corruption, service or security problems and maps those problems along bus routes throughout Guatemala City and outlying communities. Reporting is done anonymously by cell phone, text message, online, post, and in person. Before the platform went live in July 2016, the Each year, thousands of people travel the USA- Transparency International chapter worked closely Mexico corridor seeking work, a better quality with the municipality of Guatemala City to ensure that of life, family reunification, or to escape from the city would be responsive to reports of serious violence. Central America is a region of origin, corruption, service or security issues. The organisation transit, destiny and return for many of these and the municipality signed a memorandum of migrants; almost three million Central Americans cooperation stipulating that the city would provide live in the USA, two thirds from Guatemala and El regular, timely responses to the reports received from Salvador. Photo: Fundación Avina the chapter. 52 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Since July, the project has October to June each year, engaging brought about many quick youth aged six to 20 in various localities wins and generated political will throughout Togo and Côte d’Ivoire. for more systemic reform. It has The sessions are open to all youth, and led to more than 60 bus drivers a desire to learn the game is the only being fined for overcharging selection criteria. passengers. In addition, the The programme relies on a network project identified that the of local educators to implement Transurbano, one of the newest weekly basketball sessions during bus lines and thought to be the the season. Educators are trained to most corruption-free due to organise basketball practices and, most its electronic fare system, was importantly, mentor each child in the allegedly rigging electronic group. They follow children throughout fare cards to overcharge the entire school year, gathering critical passengers, leading to an information such as who goes to school ongoing court case. and who does not, who demonstrates As a result of advocacy potential for future educational by Acción Ciudadana, the opportunities, who suffers from Guatemalan national government has agreed to poverty, and who possesses athletic talent. include a commitment to making the financial The most promising students have a chance at streams of public-private partnerships – such as the scholarships (funded by LYSD), integration into good ones that subsidise the private delivery of buses schools, internships, and basketball camps. These and security infrastructure along bus routes – more students, in turn, move on to become role models in transparent and accountable in its new Open their communities and inspire other young people. Government Partnership National Action Plan The programme pays special attention to gender; http://gobiernoabierto.gob.gt/tercer-plan/. one third of participants in MiLéDou are girls. Numerous bus owners and mayors from In 2015, LYSD received a grant through the Cities municipalities outside of Guatemala City are reaching Alliance Catalytic Fund to extend the MiLéDou out to Acción Ciudadana to learn how to extend the programme to young migrants in Yopougon, one platform to bus systems served by their communities. of Abidjan’s most disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Perhaps most importantly, through the project The grant, which was given to the International Office Transparency International is showing people directly of Migrations (IOM) and affected by weak governance and corruption how to implemented by LYSD, be part of the solution, and how they can help funded work with three change political will by sharing their own accounts schools and one club in of the problems they face. Yopougon, with special consideration paid to the challenges faced Empowering Africa’s Youth through by young migrant girls. Basketball Much of this work, such One non-profit organisation, Leading Youth, Sport as the construction of and Development (LYSD), has found a novel way to new basketball courts, integrate and empower youth in some of Africa’s was completed in 2016. poorest neighbourhoods: through basketball. And with the support of the Cities Alliance Catalytic Fund, LYSD is expanding its programme in Côte d’Ivoire. LYSD takes the approach that sports speak to youth in a language they understand. It uses basketball as a tool to bring boys and girls from different social backgrounds together, fostering social inclusion and cohesion. It operates mainly through its main programme, MiLéDou, which means “we are together” in Mina, a southern Togolese dialect. MiLéDou runs from 53 WATCH: THE POWER OF SPORT IN TRANSFORMING YOUNG PEOPLE’S LIVES This video highlights LYSD’s mission to make a difference in kids’ lives through basketball: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJQBvB2mNE0 Cities Alliance: The power of sport in transforming young people's lives Young People Have a Message to Cities: We in policy, it is important Can Spark Change for the Better to share information transparently, including In 2016, Cities Alliance published Youth and the City, information about what a report capturing the key messages of a learning decisions are made and exchange event co-hosted by Cities Alliance and UN- how city resources are Habitat in Johannesburg, South Africa in November allocated. 2015. The event brought together 12 youth-focused projects – six from each organisation – to share their 5. The commitment and experiences, extract lessons learned, and develop active involvement of recommendations for engaging young people in city policy makers in development. It featured grantees of the 2012 Call for youth programmes Proposals to the Catalytic Fund on “Youth and the City.” and projects is an important factor for the The exchange was a unique opportunity for collective success of youth-led learning about the roles of young people in city or youth-focused city development, particularly in development efforts led development projects. by them. 6. Local governments Key messages include: should create joint funding mechanisms for community-owned projects 1. It is critical for local governments to create as a strategy for leveraging what stakeholders are spaces for dialogue and consultation with young uniquely positioned to offer, while also building people. This strengthens the relationship between synergies to provide sustainable solutions to community members and local governments, existing community needs. and can result in the implementation better public policies. 7. Local governments need to take the informal sector into account as a positive resource for cities. It is 2. It is important to include young people and a huge part of most countries’ economies, but in communities in policy making processes, through many cases, remains an under-utilised resource. active involvement, consultative processes, or both. 8. National and local governments must see young 3. It is important to integrate young people into people not as problems, but as problem solvers. existing policy platforms and support their Young people are experts of their own territories, participation, rather than creating separate and local governments should use (and value) their platforms through which they can engage in policy. innovation and expertise in achieving sustainable 4. With the involvement of policymakers in youth city development. projects, and with the involvement of young people 54 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 GLOBAL DIALOGUE/POLICY Cities Alliance’s advocacy and dialogue in 2016 focused primarily on the Africa Strategy Workshop in September, events leading up to Habitat III, and the conference itself in Quito. The Cities Alliance Joint Work Programmes – especially Habitat III, Resilient Cities and Gender – and our LAC Regional Office played a major role in helping shape the global dialogue in support of cities and raising the Cities Alliance’s global profile over the course of the year. That global advocacy paid off. The “Quito Declaration and partnerships. Gender was another important topic, as on Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements for All” several blogs commented on how gender was included (or and the “Quito Implementation Plan for the New Urban not) in the Zero Drafts of the New Urban Agenda and the Agenda” provide a framework for non-member states, threat posed by the Zika virus. the UN, cities and stakeholders, to achieve a new vision of Social media. Cities Alliance’s Twitter and Facebook pages urbanisation and the role of cities. For the first time, cities continued to grow and have become a valuable tool for were recognised as places of implementation of the SDGs the partnership. Boosted by Habitat III, Cities Alliance and climate change, and the consequences of urbanisation achieved over 9,000 followers by the end of 2016 – a major were placed on the political agenda. milestone for our social media efforts. Media presence. Cities Alliance staff gave a number Communications of interviews and were featured in video clips and articles on sites including www.guardian.co.uk and and Advocacy citiscope.org. Anaclaudia Rossbach, Regional Adviser for LAC and Expert for the Habitat III Policy Unit #3 on In 2016, communications activities aimed to strengthen National Urban Policies, was a prominent voice for Cities and consolidate the Cities Alliance identity as a global Alliance in the region. Cities Alliance also partnered partnership with a diverse constituency. It promoted with Devex to feature content in the leadup to Habitat III, greater awareness of the partnership’s mandate and including an interview with Clare Short, Chair of the Cities members, especially among new members, through high- Alliance Management Board. quality communication products, features, and branded For 2017, plans include advocacy in support of documentation, including in the run-up to the inaugural implementing the New Urban Agenda and a major Assembly meeting. overhaul of the Cities Alliance website. Advocacy efforts also focused on contributing to a heighted profile of Cities Alliance as the convening partnership on SDG11 through communicating Cities Alliance’s commitments to the New Urban Agenda. The Global Events Secretariat led communication and advocacy efforts at various global dialogue fora including European Development Days, FT/IFC Awards and the Habitat III HABITAT III CONFERENCE conference, and it aimed for a closer working relationship The Habitat III conference was a success for Quito, Ecuador, with the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) the Habitat III Secretariat and the international urban Communications Team. community. Cities Alliance provided consistent support to its members and was well represented on multiple On a granular level, the Cities Alliance team worked to panels and networking events. Together with members build closer relationships with Cities Alliance members and partners, Cities Alliance organised or co-organised a by connecting with their communication staff and large and diverse number of side, networking, training and encouraging their involvement in the production of parallel events. communication products, such as during Habitat III, and demonstrating the Secretariat’s commitments to members’ In total, Cities Alliance was actively involved in 66 events – advocacy efforts through joint communication endeavours, as panellists, co-organisers, commentators or moderators. social media plans, and support whenever necessary. Twenty-six events were directly related to our work programme. Cities Alliance communications were also active in these areas: Cities Alliance at the Habitat III Exhibition Blogs. Cities Alliance Secretariat staff wrote a record number of blogs that were published on the Cities Alliance The colourful, energetic Cities Alliance booth in the website and other sites, including Citiscope.org. The blogs National Assembly hosted a wide range of events and supported advocacy efforts in the leadup to Habitat III, bilateral discussions with delegations. The Cities Alliance including highlighting the importance of inclusive cities booth at Habitat III was much more than a meeting point. It 55 was a hub where like-minded individuals committed intensely, it was wonderful to see the sessions with to Sustainable Development Goal 11 converged Cities Alliance members come to life at the booth. to reveal their ideas, share their excitement and A total of 10 sessions which were open to the public agree upon the next steps for implementation of were held at the booth from Sunday 16 - Thursday the New Urban Agenda. It was an opportunity for 20 October; 28 members and partners actively specialists and the general public alike to learn more participated in these events. In addition, a cocktail about Cities Alliance’s Joint Work Programmes, reception was held on 17 October and a meeting of its partnership in Liberia, and the importance of the JWP Resilient Cities Members on 18 October. secondary cities. After the Secretariat had worked so The artwork for the Cities Alliance booth at Habitat III focused on our key messages: Gender Equality, Secure Tenure, and Resilient Cities. 56 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Cities Alliance Networking Event on Strengthening partnerships – means of implementation of the New Liberia programme panel with UCLG, SDI, World Bank, Urban Agenda at Habitat III and YMCA Winners of the Reducing Urban Poverty essay Senior Urban Specialist Omar Siddique introduces competition. CURB session with C40, World Bank and SECO The 2nd Urban Housing Practitioners Hub Planning Workshop 16 October 2016. It is a space for research and knowledge exchange that can support Some members of the Cities Alliance Secretariat the implementation of the NUA. delegation to Habitat III 57 CITIES ALLIANCE EVENTS AT WATCH: CITIES ALLIANCE STATEMENT AT HABITAT III HABITAT III Cities Alliance was directly involved in organising In a short statement at the conclusion of Habitat III on October and participating in over 66 events at Habitat III. 20, Cities Alliance Director William Cobbett called for greater Here are some highlights: attention to four specific challenges as the implementation of the New Urban Agenda begins: 17 October • BMZ: The integral implementation of the New 1. The relationship between local and national governments Urban Agenda in LAC and the Caribbean: needs to be transformed, with roles, responsibilities and Challenges and Potential for Intermediate Cities resources assigned to each level; • Clinton Global Initiative: Liberia Country 2. There is a need for new relationships between cities and all Programme – Implementing and Financing citizens, especially organisations of the urban poor and the the New Urban Agenda informal and private sectors; • Joint Work Programme for Equitable Economic 3. The role of women in cities needs to be recognised; and Growth in Cities and the Commonwealth Local 4. The need to balance more equitable economic growth Government Forum (CLGF) Side Event: Fostering in cities while protecting the environment. Equitable Economic Growth in Cities • Cities Alliance, UN-Habitat, and OECD: High-Level Launch of the National Urban Policies Platform • SKL: Gender Mainstreaming 18 October • Chile (MINVU): Spatial and Territorial Planning: implementing the New Urban Agenda beyond city boundaries • N’Aerus/Auri/Redeus: The New Urban Agenda in the Global South: Engaging research in policy making • MIDUVI (Ecuador): National Urban Policy Network: Urban legislation in Latin America: The compared experiences of Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/ • Cities Alliance Joint Work Programme Habitat conferencessummits/3rd-international-conference-on- III: Strengthening partnerships – means of financing-for-development-13%E2%80%9316-july-2015- implementation of the New Urban Agenda, addis-ababa-ethiopia/interviews-and-other-videos/watch/ Successful partnerships and approaches representative-of-cities-alliance-habitat-iii-7th-plenary- ensuring inclusive, sustainable and resilient cities meeting/5178667337001 19 October • Cities Alliance Side Event: Technologies and data gathering for the empowerment of women • UNDP Side Event: Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals: Making Cities for All • UNDP Networking Event: Towards Sustainable, Inclusive and Resilient Cities: Urbanization that Leaves No One Behind • SDI Networking Event: Know Your City “The challenge is getting cities right.” • OECD/UN-Habitat Networking Event: National – Cities Alliance Director William Cobbett urban policies: how to monitor and evaluate the progress 20 October • HFHI: Housing Policy Unit Dialogue - Housing/ shelter in the new urban agenda • GPEAN Side Event: Capacity building for the New Urban Agenda: The potential of universities to advance the agenda and the challenges they face in doing so 58 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Harare City Council was highly commended for its New Taipei, Taiwan, winner of the 2016 Special Award Harare Slum Upgrading Project, which was supported for Excellence in City Transformation, with Cities by the Cities Alliance and the Bill & Melinda Gates Alliance Director William Cobbett. Photo: FT/IFC Foundation. Photo: FT/IFC FT/IFC TRANSFORMATIONAL Environment, social, governance, economic, and services. BUSINESS AWARDS The Excellence in City Transformation award was The city of New Taipei, Taiwan won the 2016 Special presented at a ceremony in London on 9 June Award for Excellence in City Transformation, which following a day-long conference on private sector was sponsored by the Cities Alliance as part of the support for development programmes, especially Financial Times/International Finance Corporation in Africa. (FT/IFC) Transformational Business awards for the second year running. For the Cities Alliance, sponsoring the award for the second year in a row was a chance to draw New Taipei City is a newly established municipality international attention to cities that are trying that encircles Taiwan’s capital Taipei City. It innovative, citywide approaches to promoting was recognised for its comprehensive citywide inclusive growth for all citizens. Cities Alliance was transformation programme that provides an excellent a very visible partner in the awards; the Secretariat example of how to make new urban areas genuinely participated in the judges’ panel for the Excellence inclusive. Innovative policies have included the in City Transformation award, and Director William Happiness Protection Station, which provides children Cobbett served as a judge for all the other award of disadvantaged families with free meal boxes in categories. convenience stores; the Department of Social Welfare can then collect the data and reach out to the families in need. IPCC PARTNERSHIP FOR 2018 Harare City Council was highly commended for its CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE Harare Slum Upgrading Project, which was supported In 2016, Cities Alliance entered into an exciting by the Cities Alliance and the Bill & Melinda new partnership with the Intergovernmental Panel Gates Foundation. The project aims to promote on Climate Change (IPCC), current members of inclusiveness in the housing sector inclusiveness the Cities Alliance (ICLEI, UCLG, UN-Habitat, UNEP, and reinstall Council service delivery. This has been SDSN), and other organisations active on climate achieved in part by engaging the urban poor in change science and cities (C40, The World Climate slum upgrading processes, and mediating between Research Programme, Future Earth) on the Cities and increasingly active citizens and a stretched national Climate Change Science Conference to be held in government. Operating within a reform-starved, March 2018. resource-stressed environment, Harare City Council has served as an invaluable example for other The conference is an excellent opportunity to councils in Zimbabwe. help shape a global research agenda on cities and climate change that will support policy and A second Cities Alliance-supported project, from implementation at the city level to the growing Mozambique, was on the short list for the award. challenges of climate change. Implemented by the municipality of Maputo, the project brought together grassroots organisations A Host City Selection process was launched at the and local government to improve waste collection in COP22 in Marrakesh. Cities Alliance’s participation the city – a new approach for Mozambique. in the conference will seek to ensure that the urban poor are strongly considered in the planning of the The Excellence in City Transformation award conference and subsequent outcomes, as well as recognises those cities that, since 2010, have practical application for municipal governments, demonstrated tangible progress towards citywide, especially in Africa, LAC, Asia and the Pacific. integrated reforms in one or more of these five areas: 59 LIST OF KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES Catalytic Fund Cities Alliance in Corporate Brochure Diagnosis of Equitable Brochure Brazil Evaluation Gender Equality Economic Growth Integration in Cities JWP Brochure Alliance Country Programmes Equitable Economic Exploring the Role Framing, Impacts Future Cities Africa Indonesia’s Urban Growth Toolkit of Improved Access and Key Elements Toolkit Story to Public Goods of the New Urban and Services Agenda 60 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Land, Services Liberia Country Mainstreaming SDG Academy Webinar with and Citizenship Programme Gender in the Cities William Cobbett for the Urban Poor Brochure Alliance Secretariat Programme Closure Report The New Urban Reflections on the Resilient Cities JWP The Transformative Tunisia Country Agenda: The role Zero Draft of the Brochure Role of City- Programme of partnerships New Urban Agenda Community Brochure between organised Partnerships in the civil society and Fight Against Ebola governments and Beyond in in fostering a Greater Monrovia, sustainable future Liberia for all in cities 61 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR PROJECT SERVICES (UNOPS) UNOPS is the United Nations’ central resource for project In 2016, UNOPS engaged with Cities Alliance and its management, infrastructure and procurement, and helps Joint Work Programme on Resilient Cities during COP22. its partners by providing a range of high quality, cost- UNOPS participated at various Cities Alliance events effective project management services. In 2016, UNOPS on climate action planning and sustainable solid waste implemented over 1,000 projects worth over $1.4 billion solutions in cities. Moving forward, UNOPS welcomes on behalf of its partners, often in some of the most collaboration with Cities Alliance in its efforts to facilitate challenging and fragile environments, providing a range partnerships between public and private sectors in the of advisory, implementation and transactional services. domain of impact investments and communicating UNOPS has a clear and accountable management UNOPS’ social impact investing initiative to a larger and governance structure, and has earned objective urban community. recognition in the form of consistently clean audit results, UNOPS is proud to continue its support to Cities Alliance as well as new framework business agreements and and to strengthen its partnership in the implementation strong partner satisfaction ratings. of the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development As a global initiative in support of sustainable urban Goals, particularly SDG 11 on cities and SDG 5 on development, Cities Alliance is hosted by UNOPS gender equality. UNOPS will continue to collaborate through its Europe and Central Asia Regional Office (ECR) with Cities Alliance in joint actions together with national based in Geneva, Switzerland. ECR also manages other governments, local governments, multilateral institutes portfolios of global partnership, including the Water and civil society organisations that will make cities more Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), the inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Stop TB Partnership, Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN), and the Platform for Disaster Displacement (PDD). As a self-financed agency without a thematic mandate, UNOPS is completely impartial, minimising the risk for conflict of interest with Cities Alliance while allowing the partnership to keep its own clear mandate, brand and identity. At the same time, Cities Alliance is extended the same privileges and immunities of the UN, and has access to UNOPS’ global network. 62 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 FINANCIALS CITIES ALLIANCE 2016 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE STATEMENT (ALL AMOUNTS IN THOUSAND U.S. $) A. INCOME Funds brought forward from FY20151 19,955 Income in 2016 9,905 Annual contributions 1,785 Unearmarked funds 3,868 Project funds 4,252 Interest2 - TOTAL 29,860 B. EXPENDITURE Operating Costs Actuals Governance, Finance & Administration 1,798 Programme Support & Operations 2,048 UNOPS Management Fee & Costs1 1,269 Programme Grants & Activities Country Programmes 4,467 Catalytic Fund 1,407 Regional Strategies Africa, Asia & LAC 841 Joint Work Programmes 1,189 Other Strategic Activities 203 Future Cities Africa 2,716 Monitoring & Evaluation 245 TOTAL 16,183 C. BALANCE OF INCOME OVER EXPENDITURE Funds carried forward to FY2017 13,677 Commitments1 7,196 Balance net of commitments 6,481 1 Includes multi-year commitments 2 To be confirmed by UNOPS upon completion of accounts for FY2016. 63 THE CITIES ALLIANCE TEAM 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 Secretariat Staff: Brussels Allou, Serge Hohmann, Rene Lead Urban Specialist Sr. Urban Specialist Balbuena, Hilary Karakhanyan, Nune Head, Finance & Operations Unit (as of November 2016) Executive Associate Balocova, Magdalena Kibui, Phyllis Programme Management Specialist Head, Finance & Operations Unit (retired August) Baskin, Julian Kurth, Marie-Alexandra Head, Programme Unit Sr. Urban Specialist Bruhn, Fredrik Lima, Laura Urban Programme Analyst Urban Specialist Christen, Tutut Lozet, Florence Intern, Online Communications (until October) Programme Unit Assistant Cobbett, William Ofori-Amanfo, Priscilla Director Sr. Communications Officer Daepp, David Puspa, Erika Programme Officer Information Management Specialist Dave, Roshni Reudenbach, Lisa Urban Environment Specialist (until January) Urban Analyst Fasano, Anais Siddique, Omar Office Assistant Sr. Urban Specialist Goel, Priya Silva, Federico Financial Management Specialist (incoming January) Sr. Programme Specialist Greenwalt, Julie Spörcke, Lea Urban Environment Specialist (incoming June) Intern, Gender Team (until September) Henderson, Susanna Tijinbun Ngochi, Desmond Partnership Officer Project Analyst UNOPS Headquarters- Copenhagen Hordila, Alex Scarpetta, Marco Programme Assistant (until August) Programme Assistant (incoming July) Pligoropoulou, Thalia Sørensen, Cynthia Programme Assistant (until May) Programme Assistant (incoming October) Washington, DC Bunch, Juliet Dai, Ngoc Communications Specialist Programme Analyst 64 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Regional staff Hosken, Adele Suri, D. Ajay Regional Advisor, Africa Regional Advisor, Asia Pretoria, South Africa New Delhi, India Rossbach, Anaclaudia Violim Mercurio, Gabriela Regional Advisor, LAC Programme Associate São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo, Brazil Future Cities Africa staff Amdework, Efrem Lalam, Betty Country Team Leader Programme Assistant Ethiopia Uganda Arthur, Bernard Abeiku Mabala, Samuel Senior Urban Specialist Country Team Leader Ghana Uganda Essuman, Akosua Mukuye, Ronard Programme Assistant Urban Specialist Ghana Uganda Hawine, Gemtessa Simpson, Jamie Programme Assistant Future Cities Africa Project Manager Ethiopia Kwadwo Ohene, Sarfoh Country Team Leader Ghana Liberia, Monrovia Andrew, Senjovo Leon, Bernadette M&E Analyst (incoming October) Project Manager (incoming July) 65 CORPORATE SCORECARD CITIES ALLIANCE RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE 1.  MANAGEMENT COMMENTS ON THE CURRENT EDITION: The Cities Alliance Results Framework at the basis of this Scorecard was tested for a three-year period starting in 2013. Geographically, the Scorecard covered those communities, cities and countries that were part of the five initial Cities Alliance Country Programmes: Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, Uganda and Vietnam. Targets were set to the end of 2016, coinciding with the expected operational closure of these programmes. As those programmes ended as expected in Q4 2016, this edition of the Scorecard is particularly significant. As in the past, it captures the progress made; most importantly, though, it captures the developmental results of these programmatic interventions through the collection of end-line studies. In 2016 the Cities Alliance also engaged Accenture to evaluate the performance and impact of its Country Programmes in Ghana, Uganda and Vietnam. The Accenture report was issued in March 2017 and is available on the Cities Alliance website. The evaluation was instrumental in validating the overall strength of the monitoring approach of the Cities Alliance, as well as the data and results featured in this Scorecard. 1.1 BACKGROUND Indicators to help measure and document progress and As per its Charter, the main objective of the Cities performance across the various tiers of results. Alliance is to reduce urban poverty and promote The Results Framework is approved by the Consultative the role of cities in sustainable development. To Group [now Assembly] as part of its responsibility for assess the extent to which its efforts and those of setting the strategic direction of the Cities Alliance, and partners are making progress toward that objective, for reviewing and evaluating the organisation’s overall the Cities Alliance monitors, evaluates and reports performance. The Consultative Group approved the its activities within an agreed-upon performance current version of the Cities Alliance Results Framework and results framework and through dedicated at the 2013 Annual Meetings in Ouagadougou. comprehensive systems. Performance Indicators Monitoring System. The Results Corporate Scorecard. This corporate scorecard Framework is defined operationally by the PIMS, serves as a snapshot of the Cities Alliance’s overall which operationalises the 47 indicators into baselines, performance and results up to the end of 2016 and milestones and targets, data sources, and tools and as a report to the Management Board. It provides the frequency for data collection. The PIMS operates across Cities Alliance with information on the achievement of Secretariat operations, programmes and portfolios and development results, effectiveness in achieving those the organisation as a whole. The PIMS is not only about results, and efficiency of its operations. The scorecard monitoring, controls and tracking emerging results; it is also meant to support strategic planning to fill is also about learning – for both clients and the Cities crucial gaps, foster learning and corrective actions, and Alliance as a partnership – that can be applied in the promote accountability for results. planning and design of new activities. The Scorecard comprises two major components: The Results Framework (RF) and the Performance Indicators Monitoring System (PIMS). 1.2. TIERS EXPLAINED Results Framework. The Charter and three- Tier I: Millennium Development Goals. This tier is year Medium-Term Strategy (MTS) establish the primarily contextual and reports on the long-term developmental objectives of the Cities Alliance, its development goals that countries are achieving. The approach, and the type of activities it supports. The universe of measurement is the countries where Cities Alliance has a long-term engagement. Developmental Results Framework articulates the different tiers of impact is measured in terms of livelihood of the target results (outputs, intermediate outcomes, outcomes and population – the urban poor – across three aspects: impact) expected by Cities Alliance interventions that slums (Target 11 – entrenched with Cities Alliance lead to the achievement of the organisation’s objectives history), health, and participation. Impact levels here are through causal and logical relationships (see Figure well beyond the control of the Cities Alliance which, as 1 below). The Results Framework includes selected such, is not responsible for delivering these objectives. 66 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 In the future, some of these indicators will be revised to local and national partners within a long-term to align them to the new Sustainable Development programmatic framework of cooperation (Country Goal (SDG). Programmes). Indicators reflect the typical suite of technical assistance services that the Alliance delivers Tier II: Partner results as supported by Cities Alliance to leverage investments: policy frameworks, local members. The Cities Alliance provides technical planning, institutional participation and community assistance programmes and services to leverage engagement, and capacity development and the financing that helps cities to be more effective, institutional strengthening. The partnership of Cities participatory and able to deliver improved, responsive Alliance members – with the support of the Secretariat services to the urban poor. – is responsible and accountable for delivering these While Cities Alliance members are the clients of the outcomes. It is the Partnership’s Terms of Reference. Secretariat, the city (broadly defined) is the client of Tier IV: Secretariat performance. This tier covers the the Cities Alliance. Cities and national government organisational efficiency of the Cities Alliance Secretariat partners are responsible for results at this level. A across four major areas of operations: partnerships; partnership of Cities Alliance members can only support Technical Assistance activities; knowledge products the achievement of these results in partnership with and policy dialogues; and management of Cities beneficiaries and partners on the ground. Alliance governance. The Secretariat is responsible Tier III: Cities Alliance programmatic results. This and accountable for delivering these outputs. It is the tier covers the programme activities of the Cities Secretariat’s Terms of Reference. It does so through Alliance. With the support of the Secretariat, the its three Business Lines: (1) Country Programmes; (2) partnership of Cities Alliance members provides Catalytic Fund; and (3) Joint Work Programmes. financing and implementation of technical assistance FIGURE 1: THE CITIES ALLIANCE RESULTS CHAIN WHAT’S NEW FROM LAST YEAR New indicators. We have added new key performance indicators at the Secretariat level (Tier IV) to cover three important corporate areas which were not previously captured: Our environmental footprint, progress on gender mainstreaming (a pillar of the Medium-Term Strategy), and ability to deliver against the corporate workplan. The new indicators are numbered respectively IV.4.7, IV.4.8 and IV.4.9 (see Annex I for a detailed definition). Geographic expansion. The RF/PIMS was pilot tested within the five active Country Programmes. Given its usefulness in the management of these programmes, many of these indicators were also included in the M&E plan of the Country Programme in Liberia and Tunisia. This means that the next period already has a new geographical universe in place against which our progress can be measured. Alignment. As envisaged, this year we have further structured the Annual Report around the Scorecard. The quantitative results are thus complemented by the qualitative narrative of the Report, which captures the most significant changes within Cities Alliance programmes in the current calendar year. 67 SUMMARY OF CORPORATE SCORECARD 2.  [targets end of 2016] TIER I DEVELOPMENT IMPACT AND MDG GOALS [TARGETS END OF 2016] Slums Health Participation TIER II CITIES AND PARTNER RESULTS [TARGETS END OF 2016] Local Governance Active Citizenship Access to Services TIER III RESULTS IN PROGRAMMES [TARGETS END OF 2016] National Policies Local Strategies and Plans Citizens Engagement Capacity Development TIER IV ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE [ANNUAL] Partnerships Technical Assistance (TA) grants Knowledge Products and Policy Dialogues Cities Alliance Efficiency and Governance LEGEND: CHALLENGE. Majority of indicators show decrease from baseline, have failed in achieving the established target or are significantly far under the established performance standards. WATCH. Majority of indicators show no significant increase or decrease from baseline, have not yet achieved the established targets, or are under the established performance standards although within tolerance. ON TRACK. Majority of indicators show significant increase from baseline, have achieved the established targets or meet/exceed the established performance standards. SUSTAINABLE. Targets/performance standards are consistently achieved and mechanisms/processes underlying change are institutionalised and/or maintained without external assistance. NOT APPLICABLE. Insufficient data to establish a trend, or no target or performance standard is set. For Tiers I, colour-coded traffic lights and targets are not provided since they pertain to the macro developmental context. 68 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 3. THE SCORECARD LEGEND: CHALLENGE. For indicators based on targets (Tiers II&III), indicator shows a decrease from baseline and/ or has failed in achieving the established target. For indicators based on performance standards (Tier IV), indicator is significantly far under the established performance standard. WATCH. For indicators based on targets (Tiers II&III), indicator shows no significant increase or decrease from baseline and/or has not yet achieved the established target. For indicators based on performance standards (Tier IV), indicator is under the established performance standard although within tolerance. ON TRACK. For indicators based on targets (Tiers II&III), indicator shows significant increase from baseline and/or has achieved the established target. For indicators based on performance standards (Tier IV), indicator meets/exceeds the established performance standard. SUSTAINABLE. Targets/Performance standards are consistently achieved and mechanisms/processes underlying change are institutionalised and/or maintained without external assistance. NOT APPLICABLE. There is insufficient data to establish a trend, or there is no target or performance standard. TIER I - IMPACT CRITERIA [ONLY MEASURED IN CITIES AND COUNTRIES WHERE CITIES ALLIANCE BASELINE CURRENT IMPACT INDICATORS* WORKS] [2007/13] † [2014/16] STATUS I.1.1 Percentage of city 55.1% 53% % population living in slums‡ [2007/09] [2014] I.1.2 Percentage of I.1 Improved quality households in urban areas % N/A N/A of life, socio- that exist without secure economic condition tenure and inclusion of the urban poor. 93.2 81.3 I.1.3 Under age 5 mortality Per 1000 rate in urban areas § [2008/10/13] [2016] I.1.4 Participation of urban 60.3% 64.4% % poor in the voting population** [2007/08/09/11] [2012/14/15/16] Tier I indicators lack some values. This reflects data gaps in the MDG official statistics provided by the national institutes of statistics and UNStats * (data on tenure security have never been collected). Furthermore, Tier I indicators are also expected to be changed to reflect and realign to the consensus on the new SDGs. † The baseline and end-line years are not always the same for all countries due to data availability. However, the essential is that change is measured over a period of approximately 3 to 6 years. ‡  o be noted that significant improvements have been made in Ghana, Mozambique, Uganda and Vietnam, but this is offset by the negative data T trends for Burkina Faso. §  igures based on Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Uganda only. Data not available for Ghana and Vietnam. Due to the lack of data, figures are F estimated by projecting the baseline data to 2016 using the WHO annual relative change in the indicator. As not available, data for the voter participation has not been disaggregated for the urban poor. The data used here is for the turnout of the total **  voting age population in parliamentary elections. 69 TIER II - OUTCOMES CRITERIA [ONLY MEASURED IN CITIES AND AREAS WHERE CITIES BASELINE ENDLINE TARGET OUTCOME INDICATORS* ALLIANCE WORKS] [2010 - 13] [2015 - 16] 2016 STATUS II.1.1 Average municipal expenditures US$ [total expenditures / 42.58 USD 66.11 USD 44.71 per person per year population] [2013] [2015/2016] USD II.1.2 Average number of municipal 3.14 3.33 1000 [# Employees / total employees per 1000 inhabitants per 3.29 population] [2013] [2015/2016] year II.1.3 Average number of women % [# women employees / 35% 35% 37% among municipal employees total municipal employees] [2013] [2015/2016] II.1.4 Proportion of municipal % [# employees with 47% 52% employees with post-secondary education / total municipal 49% education. employees] [2013] [2015/2016] II.1.5 Average percentage of voter 58% 56% % of all eligible voters 61% participation † † [2010/2013] [2015/2016] II.1.6 Average percentage of women 62% 63% % of all eligible women 65% voter participation [2010/2013] [2015/2016] II.1.7 Average ratings on existence 0.96 1.01 of a municipal website for citizen Scale [0-2] 1.02 questions and complaints. [2013] [2015/2016] II.1.8 Average ratings on functioning 1.43 1.51 of local-level structures for Scale [0-2] 1.50 consultations [2013] [2015/2016] II.1 Cities increasingly II.1.9 Average ratings on participatory 1.41 1.23 characterised planning process in place (budgetary Scale [0-2] 1.48 by effective or other) [2013] [2015/2016] local government, II.1.10 Average ratings on levels of 1.30 1.40 active Scale [0-2] 1.37 civil society activity in municipality. [2013] [2015/2016] citizenship, and delivering II.1.11 Average proportion of improved and households in slum and/or low- 59% 74% responsive % 62% income areas with regular access to [2013] [2015/2016] services to the potable water urban poor. II.1.12 Average proportion of 35% 41% kilometres of maintained roads/paths % 36% in slum and/or low-income areas [2013] [2015/2016] II.1.13 Average proportion of households in slum and/or low- 51% 51% % 53% income areas with sewerage [2013] [2015/2016] connections II.1.14 Average proportion of households in slum and/or low- 56% 71% % 59% income areas with regular electricity [2013] [2015/2016] connections II.1.15 Average proportion of households in slum and/or low- 46% 60% % 48% income areas with regular solid [2013] [2015/2016] waste collection II.1.16 Effectiveness of advocacy and knowledge product dissemination US$ (,000,000) 30.6 32.1 N/A – Average Official Development [# ODA flows] [2013] [2015] Assistance for urban development II.1.17 Effectiveness of advocacy and knowledge product dissemination – Average ratings for prominence of 1.6 2 Scale [0-2] N/A city and urban themes in corporate [2013] [2015] strategic directions [Cities Alliance members] †† D  ata from Burkina Faso is a strong outlier: there was a drop of 29% while all other countries have improved. The figures in Burkina Faso could be explained by the different electoral recording systems employed by the Government but also by a growing political disillusionment on the wake of the 2013 political crisis. 70 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 TIER II: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY This Tier describes the impact that Cities Alliance’s technical assistance services aim to have on cities, specifically on more effective governance (indicators II.1.1 to II.1.4), inclusiveness and participation (indicators II.1.5 to II.1.10), and ability to deliver improved, responsive services to the urban poor (indicators II.1.11 to II.1.15). These 15 indicators are mostly of a quantitative nature. Results within this Tier assume that the Cities Alliance’s technical assistance services are, in fact, able to leverage and translate into effective follow-up investments and/or additional fiscal transfers. Indeed, investments to strengthen local authorities and develop pro-poor infrastructure allow cities to better cater to their citizenry – especially the most marginalised. During the period under analysis (2013/14 to 2016), data for these city indicators was initially collected through baseline studies, and has been updated in conjunction with programme closure – i.e. second half of 2016 – as end-line studies. Collecting data for this Tier annually was judged to be too expensive and not very effective in measuring progress and attribution. Impact at this level needs to be assessed over longer timeframes, so that it includes actual outcomes from the funds leveraged through the technical assistance and the community investments on the ground. Improvements are measured by comparing baseline and end-line data and by linking variations to investment interventions. A 5 per cent increase in the value of the indicators between the baseline and the end-line has been calculated as the standard target. Baselines studies were carried out between 2013 and 2014 for all the first-round Cities Alliance Country Programmes (Uganda, Ghana, Mozambique, Burkina Faso and Vietnam), which comprise the universe for the initial pilot phase of the PIMS. In Burkina Faso, the baseline study on Tier II indicators was carried out by Agence Perspective, a national consultancy firm which provided the initial diagnostic for the development of the Country Programme. In Ghana, the work was carried out by the Institute of Local Government Studies (ILGS) as part of the ‘sustainable urban local government capacity building’ grant. In Mozambique, the work was carried out in the context of the FCA programme. In Vietnam, the work was undertaken by ACVN. Given the high number of participating Vietnamese cities, a representative sample was selected based on factors including size, geography, and degree of involvement in the programme. In Uganda, the baseline study was conducted by a team within the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development. In Ghana, the end-lines were collected by JMK Consulting Ltd; in Uganda by Statworld Consult Uganda Ltd; in Vietnam by the Association of Cities in Viet-Nam (ACVN); in Burkina Faso by UrbaConsulting; and in Mozambique by KPMG. Within this process, some of the baselines were readjusted for consistency and full synchronisation with the end-line methodologies. TIER II: EXPLANATION OF THE VARIANCES AND ATTRIBUTION The assessment of Tier II indicators has been carried out based on the data collected for the five countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, Uganda and Vietnam). Overall, between baselines and end-lines, 10 out of the 15 indicators exceed their targets of 5 per cent positive change. The group of indicators measuring better service delivery and access by the urban poor (II.1.11 to II.1.15) show on average the best performance (20 per cent increase), closely followed by the indicator group on effective governance (indicators II.1.1 to II.1.4) with 19 per cent increase. The indicator group measuring inclusiveness and participation (indicators II.1.5 to II.1.10) registered the lowest improvement (1 per cent). Among individual indicators, the sharpest increase is observed in indicator II.1.1 (Average municipal expenditure per person per year), which registered a 55 per cent increase between 2013 and 2016. As also highlighted in a recent assessment, an area that calls for more attention in the Country Programmes is gender. The two related indicators (II.1.3 Average number of women among municipal employees, and II.1.6 Average percentage of women voter participation ‡ ‡) fall short of their targets. Another challenging indicator is II.1.9, Average ratings on participatory planning process in place (budgetary or other). § § While this indicator showed improvements in Uganda and Vietnam, it decreased largely in Ghana and slightly in Burkina Faso during the period under examination. Despite the successful implementation of both the community strengthening activities and the multi-stakeholder engagements through municipal and settlement level fora within the Ghana and Burkina Faso Country Programmes, this has not (yet) translated into a perceived structural change. Generally, there may be the time lapse between the investments in institutional change and the broader impact on citizens’ perception of that change. Specifically, the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) underwent a lengthy municipal election process, which weakened ownership around some of the newly established participatory mechanisms; and in Burkina Faso, the maturity of the participatory processes was delayed by the political crisis. Indicator II. 1.5 (Average percentage of voter participation in the most recent municipal election) also shows a decline due to the data from Burkina Faso, where there was a drop of 29% (while all other countries improved). The figures in Burkina Faso could be explained by the different electoral recording systems employed by the Government, but also by a growing political disillusionment on the wake of the 2013 political crisis. ‡‡ The availability of data for indicator II.1.6 also proved challenging. §§ P  lease note that the overall average of the indicator is also affected by its baseline data. At the point of baseline data collection (in 2013), some of the participatory mechanisms of the country programmes had already been put in place with many cities hence receiving the maximum score of 2. Since the maximum score was already attained, additional gains and improvements could not be captured at the end-line point. This has also affected the overall averages of the indicator’s group. Most of the cities which had scored a 2 in the baselines again registered the maximum score of 2, although clear improvements had been made in their mechanisms for participation and inclusiveness as elaborated in Tier III. This means that the measurement of this group of indicators did not sufficiently capture the positive change that had taken place in the country programme. 71 TIER II: ATTRIBUTION OF AND CONTRIBUTION TO IMPROVEMENTS There are three main modalities in which the improvements recorded in Tier II indicators can be causally connected to Cities Alliance interventions. Due to the well-known attribution gap, some instances may be attributed more directly, while others should be considered as a contribution. • The most direct linkages to the indicators on access (indicators II.1.11 to II.1.15) are through direct physical interventions funded by community development/upgrading funds. The programmes in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Uganda and Vietnam have established local Funds to support several small community infrastructure projects which have directly improved access to basic services in many of the targeted communities. One hundred and eighty-eight (188) community infrastructure projects have been implemented in these four Country Programmes. In Mozambique, some of the funding was used to physically upgrade the Chamanculo C neighbourhood of Maputo, through the tripartite partnership between the Cities Alliance, the Government of Brazil and the Government of Italy. Across all countries, infrastructure projects were selected through a participatory approach by the communities themselves according to their infrastructure priorities and aligned with municipal plans. Projects were mainly on the construction, improvement and maintenance of basic infrastructure such as WASH facilities, electricity supply, waste management, roads and public/communal spaces. These small-scale projects have made a significant impact and explain many of the positive variations in the above numbers. The beneficiaries of the small infrastructure projects include the estimated 22,371 households of Chamanculo C neighbourhood, 92,300 individuals in low income urban areas of 5 cities in Burkina Faso, about 523,185 inhabitants of urban poor communities in 5 Ugandan municipalities, 2,411 households in 10 Vietnamese cities, and the inhabitants of Ashaiman and Ledzokoku-Kwokor municipalities as well as Old Fadama slum community in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area. • A more indirect contribution (on the same set of indicators) is provided by those funds that have been directly leveraged by the TA assistance activities for follow up infrastructure investments. In Ghana, the World Bank invested USD 150 million on water and sanitation infrastructure in GAMA areas – improvement and expansion of the water supply network as well as rehabilitation/construction of priority treatment facilities – based on the detailed water and sanitation assessment and technical options developed by the Country Programme. In Uganda, the World Bank invested USD 150 million within the Country Programme to provide substantial additional funds to the targeted municipalities for investment in urban infrastructure (roads, waste management, local economic infrastructure and urban transport such as bus terminals). These capital investments were identified and prioritised through the municipal and settlement level forums established by the Country Programme. The Detailed Implementation Strategy for the National Urban Upgrading Programme (NUUP) in Vietnam, which was funded by the Country Programme, was material to the follow-up investment of USD 292 million by the World Bank in the Mekong Delta Region Urban Upgrading Project (MDR-UUP) for infrastructure projects in low income areas. • For those indicators related to the effectiveness of local governance and citizenship, the link with the Technical Assistance (TA) is less direct; however, an important contributing factor is still traceable. The positive attention generated by the programme on urban issues, together with the establishment of legal and policy frameworks and the strengthening of local and national institutions on urban issues, have undoubtedly raised the profile of cities – drawing attention and corrective actions to the way they are managed, their capacity and financial resources. We expect that these legal and policy changes will have significant direct and indirect impacts over time. Initial signs of these changes are strongly evidenced by the CEE rating reports,*** which attest an improved evolution of the city enabling environment in the five countries of focus in the period between 2012 and 2015. It is also easy to link improvements on the citizenship indicators of the TA activities undertaken by the Cities Alliance, where the municipal development forums and the strengthening of the community organisations, and the information and evidence on the city issues, have brought to surface and favoured the beginning of a process of political recognition of segments of society who were invisible to public policies and authorities. This is also important for the Cities Alliance; these positive examples can be demonstrated to other countries and governments in Africa. *** See Cities Alliance and UCLG-A (2012 and 2015), “Assessing the Institutional Environment of Local Governments in Africa”, Morocco: UCLG-A. 72 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 TIER III - INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES [NOTE: READ THIS IN CONJUNCTION WITH ANNEX II] BASELINE TARGET CURRENT % IN % OUTCOME INDICATORS CRITERIA 2011 2016 2016 PROGRESS COMPLETE STATUS Unit III.1.1a Number of countries (aggregate with national urban from scale: 0 4 ††† 3 0%[0] 75% Completed policy(ies) developed values = or III.1 National > 2) policy Uganda national frameworks policy submitted developed Unit III.1.1b Number of countries to the Cabinet and/or (aggregate with national urban 0 3 1 67%[2] 33% for adoption. enhanced to from scale: policy(ies) adopted Vietnam NUDS address urban values = 3) advanced to 2nd development phase. needs. Unit III.1.2 Number of countries (aggregate with national urban policy 0 3 3 0%[0] 100% See above. from scale: frameworks developed values= 3) III.2 Local III.2.1 Number of local pro-poor and pro-poor climate resilient Unit 0 42 32‡ ‡ ‡ 0%[0] 76% Completed climate-resilient strategies/plans developed strategies and plans III.2.2 Average total financial developed, resources mobilised by US$ 0 500K 99.3mn § § § Tracking 100% Completed and resources partners for strategy mobilised implementation (yearly) III.3.1 Number of cities Unit which have regularly (aggregate functioning governance from scale: 0 42 41 0%[0] 98% Completed mechanisms to engage values = or citizens in urban governance > 2) III.3 III.3.2 Number of countries Unit Mechanisms to which have regularly (aggregate engage citizens functioning governance from scale: 1 5 5 0%[0] 100% Completed in city/urban mechanisms to engage values = or governance citizens in urban governance > 2) developed III.3.3 Number of projects with sustainable mechanisms to engage Unit (as CATF projects to 0 25 18 0%[0] 72% citizens (Catalytic Fund project) be included. projects & CP projects at the city level) III.4.1 Number of cities where the capacity of local governments has been Number strengthened in areas (aggregate 0 37 45 0%[0] 122% Completed such as strategic planning, from scale financial management, = 2) and human resources III.4 Capacities management. of cities in III.4.2 Number of countries governance in which the capacity and of training and support management organisations (national strengthened public organisations, Number universities, training (aggregate 0 4 5 0%[0] 125% Completed institutions, associations from scale of cities, etc.) to train = 2) local government officials and current and future technical experts has been strengthened. ††† Targets were initially established in 2013 and have been slightly revised in the same year after consultation and validation with country partners. ‡ ‡‡ I n Ghana, the in-depth WASH assessment and plans/options for GAMA were considered for this indicator. These assessments were used to inform the investment of USD 150 million by the World Bank in the WASH sector in GAMA. These plans are currently being updated and broadened to include a stronger resilience angle and link with the current municipal mid-term development plans. §§§ Calculated across a six-year period (2011-16). 73 TIER III: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY These indicators are mainly maturity scales which develop from an initial stage at inception to maturity at the end of the programme (in terms of optimisation, institutionalisation, scaling up, etc.). Most of the targets have been set to be ‘green’ at the end of 2016, which coincides with the end of the Land, Services and Citizenship (LSC) programme that funded the initial five Country Programmes subject of this scorecard. Annex II provides a snapshot of Tier III across the different cities and countries participating in the Country Programmes. TIER III: EVIDENCE III.1.1a and b. Number of countries with national urban policy(ies) developed and adopted Development. The Uganda National Policy was developed over a period of four years through extensive analysis and consultations driven by the Policy Working Group of the Ministry of Land, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD). The policy was finalised in 2014. The Ghana National Urban Policy (NUP) was developed by the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development with the support of GIZ through a participatory process over a four-year period and finalised in May 2012. Subsequently, the NUP has been further strengthened in the context of the Country Programme with the addition of an implementation plan and a monitoring and financing framework for its implementation. In Vietnam, the initial Cities Alliance investment to develop a national urban policy has leveraged an additional USD 2 million from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and USAID in support of the activity. What started as a Cities Alliance process has grown into a broader policy dialogue that is expected to culminate in a Prime Ministerial decree in support of the urban development policy by 2018. In Mozambique, the Decentralisation Working Group, comprising of the national government and development partners has been established and is actively championing national urban policy dialogues. Adoption. The Ghana National Urban Policy was launched in March 2013 along with an Action Plan for its implementation, which is now fully in progress. In Uganda, the final national urban policy has been submitted to the Cabinet for final adoption. III.1.2 Number of countries with national urban policy frameworks developed Both the national policies in Ghana and Uganda are general frameworks that move beyond a sectorial lens in favour of a more integrated approach to urban development. The Uganda National Urban Policy provides direction for government agencies and local authorities to plan, implement, and effectively manage urban growth. The policy comprehensively tackles issues of urban poverty, waste management, unemployment, pollution and environmental degradation, urban disasters, crime, housing, congestion, infrastructure and urban governance. The Ghana National Urban Policy is a framework of integrated directives on urban demographics and distribution, landforms, safety, governance, economy, service delivery, financial management, and the environment. The policy pays due consideration to the need for inclusion of the urban poor and vulnerable by targeting the provision of adequate and affordable housing. Participation and accountability is emphasised through the roles of local governments. In Vietnam, a comprehensive assessment of the various national sectoral strategies has been carried out first to make comprehensive recommendations for the urban national framework. III.2.1 Number of local pro-poor climate resilient strategies/plans developed In Ghana, WASH assessments and plans were carried out for nine Low Income Urban Communities (LIUCS) within 11 Metropolitan/Municipal Assemblies (MMAs) in the GAMA area. The plans took the form of an assessment of sanitation needs, recommendations and guidelines on options for WASH service provision, and estimations of cost implications. The plans have informed and guided the World Bank’s USD 150 million capital investment on the ‘GAMA Water and Sanitation Project’, and the Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid (GPOBA)’s USD 4.8 million investment to provide support for low income households in GAMA. In Vietnam, community-based, participatory city development strategies have been prepared for the cities of Tam Ky and Qui Nhon. Five additional cities (Viet Tri, Hai Duong, Ben Tre, Ha Tinh, and Hung Yen) were involved to learn from the process, and it is expected that they will now undertake similar strategic exercises. In Uganda, evidence-based Municipal Development Strategies (MDS) have been prepared by 14 municipalities under the coordination of the national government to promote long-term, proactive, and participatory planning so that they will be better positioned to accommodate future urban growth. The planning process has been directly linked to municipal capacity development; a very low planning skill base existed within the municipalities of focus, and considerable extra training has been required. 74 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 In Mozambique, a city development strategy (CDS) with a strong focus on resilience has been prepared by the municipality of Nampula. Local government capacity development was a strong component of this process which also involved the municipalities of Nacala and Tete with possibility for replication. In Maputo, (Chamanculo C) an integrated slum upgrading plan for the settlement was developed together with a drainage system plan for the greater area, since flooding in Chamanculo C cannot be separated from the neighbourhood’s drainage deficiencies. In Burkina Faso, harmonisation of different planning processes, namely the Programme Communal de Développement (PCD) and the Programme d’Occupation des Sols (POS), has been successfully piloted in Tenkodogo, and, as the result, the Burkina Faso National Urban Forum (2016) has recommended the replication of this process in other cities of the country. III.2.2 Average total financial resources mobilised by partners for strategy implementation As mentioned above, building on the technical groundwork laid by the Country Programmes, there have been several direct follow-up investments by country programmes’ partners in the countries of focus: • Ghana: The World Bank has invested USD 150 million in WASH infrastructure. The Bank’s WASH programme started in 2013 and is expected to run through 2018. The four components of the programme are: (i) provision of environmental sanitation and water supply services to priority low-income areas of the GAMA, including targeted campaign for WASH behaviour change; (ii) improvement and expansion of the water network in the GAMA; (iii) planning, improvement and expansion of GAMA-wide environmental sanitation services; and (iv) Institutional strengthening through providing technical assistance to MMAs and national institutions. DFID has also invested USD 4.8 million to support the provision of sustainable toilet facilities in low-income areas of GAMA through the World Bank-administered Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid (GPOBA). The GPOBA investment pilots an output-based approach that provides targeted, partial subsidies that encourage households to construct facilities and service providers to serve low-income neighbourhoods. The GPOBA project started in 2015. • Uganda: The World Bank has invested USD 150 million in the Uganda Support to Municipal Infrastructure Development programme, which started in 2013 and is expected to run until 2019. The programme aims to enhance the institutional performance in urban service delivery of selected municipalities. Its approach involves providing funds for investment in urban infrastructure in a way that in parallel improves the capacities of local and national level institutions. • Vietnam: The World Bank has invested USD 292 million in urban infrastructure in the Mekong Delta Region Urban Upgrading Project (MDR-UUP). The MDR-UUP started in 2012 and will close in December 2017. The programme has been progressing on activities that support upgrading primary, secondary and tertiary infrastructure in low- income urban areas of Vietnam, as well as the development of resettlement areas for affected persons. The ADB and USAID will also be funding USD 2 million for a Phase II of the Country Programme’s National Urban Development Strategy project. This second phase will be comprised of a broad-based needs assessment and service coverage inventory, and the outputs will include a national urban resilience strategy and programme, improved national urban planning capacity, and improved capacity at national and city levels to implement climate change resilience. • Mozambique: USD 2,442,800 was the financial contribution by Brazil and Italy as part of the tripartite partnership in support of the neighbourhood upgrading of Chamanculo C. Further investments in the area summing to a total of USD 5,980,731 have been made by other development partners including the World Bank and AVSI on infrastructure projects (such as the upgrading of the principal road and drainage running through Chamanculo C) and to cover the relocation costs required to meet the safeguard standards for resettlement. An additional investment of some USD 20 million is currently under discussion by the Italian Cooperation for further upgrading work in the area and to replicate the model to other neighbourhoods. III.3.1 Number of cities with regularly functioning governance mechanisms to engage citizens in urban governance Most of the cities within the five Country Programmes have experienced significant achievements in community strengthening, which is a crucial precondition to any engagement. Overall, 31 mapping/enumeration exercises have been carried out in slum communities, fostering skills and knowledge in the communities and strengthening their negotiating power with municipal authorities. Adding to community empowerment, over 386 community savings groups have been mobilised, three national federations developed, and multiple settlement fora established across the areas and cities of intervention. Most cities have also seen the creation and regular functioning of participatory mechanisms, where urban development priorities, issues, and investments are discussed on a multi-stakeholder and open platform. Forty-three (43) municipal 75 level fora have contributed to promoting participatory local governance by establishing regular dialogue between national government agencies, local authorities, communities, and the private sector. In Uganda, the success of the municipal development fora have been utilised by the World Bank’s USMID project in support of infrastructure identification and prioritisation. Cumulatively across all countries, over 700 dialogue and consultative sessions have been held between community groups and their local governments to inclusively plan and implement urban development, especially around the Community Upgrading Fund project implementation. To further support participatory governance, guides, tools, policy papers and action plans have been developed on urban governance themes and processes.**** III.3.2 Number of countries with regularly functioning governance mechanisms to engage citizens in urban governance National Urban Forums (NUFs) have been created and are operational in all five countries. The Mozambique National Urban Forum was successfully launched in November 2016 and is being promoted as a platform for dialogue, preparation, promotion and implementation of a national urban agenda. In Uganda, Vietnam, Burkina Faso and Ghana, the NUFs are fully institutionalised, and the responsible Ministries for urban development have mechanisms in place to plan and hold NUFs regularly. NUF charters, resolutions and strategies have been drafted and adopted to guide the scope, activities and operations of the fora. The NUF model not only serves to engage, create awareness and prioritise crucial urban issues in the countries but – in the case of Ghana – also as a platform to prepare for international policies and agreements (Habitat III). III.3.3 Number of sustainable mechanisms to engage citizens (Catalytic Fund projects & projects at the city level) Several mechanisms for effective citizen engagement developed over the course of the Country Programmes have been lodged sustainably in the national urban management systems. In all the countries, the NUFs have been taken up by the Ministries in charge of urban development, not only as an annual event but as a continuous process to engage urban stakeholders in policy making. 43 municipal-level fora and more than 386 community savings groups have been mobilised through the Country Programmes, and they have been instrumental in defining community infrastructure projects such as the USMID project in Uganda. In Uganda, the National Urban Policy included the municipal forum as an institutional mechanism for citizen engagement. III.4.1 Number of cities where the capacity of local governments has been strengthened in areas such as strategic planning, financial management, and human resources management. Capacity development has been a strong component within Country Programmes, often cutting across all projects and consistently applying a learning-by-doing approach with the local counterparts. To date, training programmes have been completed around participatory community mapping/enumeration, financial management skills, community development and upgrading funds, municipal leadership, municipal finance, municipal service delivery. Accompanying manuals and tools have been published and disseminated widely. Further capacity building is on-going in the context of the National Urban Development Strategy development in Vietnam, the Municipal Development Strategies in Uganda, and the Community Upgrading Fund in Ghana. Examples of guides and manuals produced include: The Uganda Urban Citizenship Toolkit: A Learning-by-Doing Approach to Active Urban Citizenship ****  in Uganda; Operational Manual: Community Development Fund in Uganda; Community Profiling Manual, SDI, Ghana; Improving Urban Service Delivery and Strengthening Citizen Engagement through Citizen Report Cards: A Training Manual, ILGS, Ghana; Practitioners’ Manual on Human Settlement and Spatial Planning, ILGS, Ghana; Strategic Leadership and Inclusive Urban Management: A Training Manual, ILGS, Ghana; Cahier Technique de Planification, d’Aménagement et de Gestion Urbaine in Burkina Faso; Operational Manual: Community Development Fund in Vietnam. 76 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Over the course of the Country Programmes, about 96 training workshops and meetings and 34 exchange missions have been organised, with more than 4,800 people trained, including representatives from government ministries/departments, local government officials and technical staff, CBOs, and community leaders. About 27 toolkits have been produced to facilitation training on urban themes such as community development, city development strategies, data collection, enumeration, strategic leadership, etc. † † † III.4.2 Number of countries in which the capacity of training and support organisations (national public organisations, universities, training institutions, associations of cities, etc.) to train local government officials and current and future technical experts has been strengthened. The capacities of urban institutions and training and support organisations have been improved over the course of the programmes by direct funding, providing platforms for networking and exchange, diagnostics and assessments, and facilitating the inclusion of these organisations into national policy making. For instance, the institutional capacity of the Ministry of Local Governance and Rural Development in Ghana has been strengthened through support for the establishment of an Urban Development Unit (UDU) within the Ministry, and by organising capacity development for the Unit’s personnel. ILGS – the main local governance training institution in Ghana – has been provided with direct funding to support its core mission around training for local authorities and production of skill development materials on topics such as resilience, strategic planning and metropolitan governance. A new curriculum and course framework has been developed for the Mid-Level Institute for Physical and Environmental Planning (IMPFA) in Mozambique to facilitate the training of municipal technicians, especially those working in secondary cities. In Burkina Faso, support has been given to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development to establish the Country Programme Coordination Unit and to deliver training to local governments, especially in secondary cities. The institutional capacities of city associations have been strengthened across all Country Programmes by acknowledging and reinforcing their role as the main convener and representatives of local authorities’ issues and interests. In Vietnam, this occurred through the provision of direct funding to the Association of Viet Nam Cities (ACVN) to manage and execute development projects in cities. In Uganda, the Urban Authorities Association of Uganda (UAAU) has been working in close collaboration with the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) to provide training on municipal leadership to local governments, as well as developing a gap analysis assessment and implementation plan to strengthen itself. The targeted municipalities of the Burkina Faso Country Programme have been trained through an approach designed to also strengthen the institutional capacity of the Association of Municipalities of Burkina Faso (AMBF). In Mozambique, GIZ has been delivering technical assistance to support the National Association of Mozambican Cities (ANAMM) in its advocacy towards effective urban development and the Ministry of State Administration and Civil Service in leading the preparation of the National Urban Forum. Educational institutions have also been brought on board such as Makerere University in Uganda, which has played a key role in carrying out research recommended by the National Urban Forum; this research has in turn fed into the drafting of the National Urban Policy for Uganda. Finally, some significant examples of activities for networking and exchange include the National Urban Fora in all Country Programmes; the Annual Savers’ Convention in Uganda; the participation of local organisations and government officials at international urban events such as WUF, Africities, Habitat III PrepComs and GIZ Sector Day; and south-south learning exchanges such as that between Ghana and Brazil. †††† Data for Ghana, Uganda and Vietnam; still tracking for Burkina Faso and Mozambique. 77 TIER IV: SECRETARIAT OUTPUTS OUTPUTS INDICATORS CRITERIA 2010 2012 IV.1.1 Multi-member partnership agreements endorsed by Unit 1 2 the partners per year IV.1 Partnerships convened for strategic IV.1.2 Total financing per partnership agreement per year US$ total value (,000) 928 796 country, regional and global priorities IV.1.3 Diversity of partners per multi-member partnership Scale AVG score 2 2 agreement IV.2.1 Number of TA activities approved Unit 21 15 IV.2 Technical Assistance (TA) IV.2.2 Total value of TA activities approved US$ (,000) 8,081 3,978 activities appraised, approved and supervised ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ % of total reports IV.2.3 TA activities effectively supervised N/A N/A received IV.3.1 Number of knowledge products produced with grant Unit 2 14 financing by members and partners IV.3.2 Number of knowledge products produced with grant Unit 5 7 financing by the Secretariat IV.3 Cities Alliance knowledge products IV.3.3 Audience access to knowledge products Unique Visitor Access 36,656 69,830 and policy dialogues delivered to targeted audiences IV.3.4 Policy dialogues and formal learning events that are Unit 8 8 financed by grants and implemented by members and partners IV.3.5 Policy dialogues and formal learning events that are Unit 8 2 financed by grants and implemented by the Secretariat IV.4.1 Grant Making Efficiency: From initial submission of Days 113 67 proposal to approval of grant IV.4.2 Grant Making Efficiency: From approval of grant to grant Days 107 80 agreement IV.4.3 Grant Making Efficiency: From grant agreement to first Days N/A N/A disbursement IV.4.4 Grant Making Efficiency: From final disbursement to Days N/A N/A closing IV.4 Effective management and IV.4.5 Members’ impression of Secretariat effectiveness: support Scale AVG score N/A N/A responsive governance of Cities Alliance to governance meetings delivered IV.4.6 Members’ impression of Secretariat effectiveness: quality Scale AVG score N/A N/A and timeliness of reports to Members IV.4.7 [NEW] Secretariat Greenhouse Gas Emissions Average emissions N/A N/A performance (tonnes CO2 equivalent) per staff % positive feedback IV.4.8 [NEW] Secretariat staff capacity on Gender Mainstreaming N/A N/A ratings IV.4.9 [NEW] Secretariat Delivery Performance. Rate of % completed N/A N/A completed activities against the approved annual work plan activities ‡‡‡‡ This indicator now includes not only TA grants, but also TA activities which have been procured.  78 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 NOTES TIER IV: 2013 METHODOLOGY AND WORLD BANK UNOPS (FROM 31 STATUS RESULTS (UP TO 30 AUGUST - 31 YEARLY (END AUGUST DECEMBER PERFORMANCE % CY Tier IV, the Secretariat level, is under 2013) 2013) 2014 2015 2016 STANDARD COMPLETE 2016) constant tracking and regularly updated through the information 2 1 1 2 2 2 100% gathered by the Cities Alliance project database. While overall 3,862 2,959 1,215 6,487 7,484 700 100% the Secretariat’s performance has exceeded most of the performance 2.5 1 3 2,5 4 3 100% expectations and annual targets, data on grant processing time is 6 1 10 26 23 30 77% still not in line with the performance standards. The high number of days 2,792 1,152 5,301 7,132 5,264 7,500 70% is due to a combination of internal non-optimised processes, grantee 75% 75% 70% 90% 90% 90% 100% degree of responsiveness, and allocation of time. Cognisant of the challenge, in 2016, the Secretariat 14 13 11 8 13 10 100% identified and put in place significant measures to increase internal efficiency. While the trend 16 0 17 28 20 5 100% is already showing a positive sign compared to the previous years, it is expected that the benefits of these 78,881 23,874 73,845 76,520 76,530 50,000 100% reforms will become fully visible only in the figures for 2017. 13 4 1 5 6 5 100% For indicator IV.4.1, data used for calculation include Projects which Project Proposals have been approved within the timeframe of 9 2 5 18 6 5 100% a given calendar year (1 January – 31 December). For indicator IV.4.2, data used for calculations 89 86 44 158 127 60 47% include Projects which project related grant agreements have been countersigned within a given 44 16 59 39 63 30 48% calendar year (1 January – 31 December). For indicator IV.4.3, N/A 42 12 10 12 10 83% data includes projects for which the first disbursements were made in a given calendar year (1 January – N/A N/A Tracking Tracking N/A 120 N/A 31 December). We have added new key N/A 3.7 4.8 4.6 4.7 4 100% performance indicators at the Secretariat level (Tier IV) to cover three important corporate areas N/A 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.6 4 100% which were not previously captured: Our environmental footprint, 13.4 12.3 progress on gender mainstreaming N/A N/A N/A 5 §§§§ 41% (a pillar of the Medium-Term [2014] (2015) Strategy), and ability to deliver against the corporate work plan. N/A N/A N/A 57% N/A 75% N/A Please see note below on the GHG emissions target. N/A N/A N/A 65% 70% 100% 70% §§§§  arget for emissions is based on UNOPS average. Given the diversity of UNOPS with Cities Alliance’s business model, data should be taken T with due caution until a more longitudinal perspective and other organisational benchmarks will become available. Emissions data include air travel for partners in those cases where these expenditures have been funded by the Cities Alliance. 79 ANNEX 1 INDICATOR DEFINITIONS TIER I: CITIES ALLIANCE • Sufficient living area (not more than two people sharing the same room). PROGRAMME IMPACT Source: UN-Habitat I.1.2 Percentage of households in urban I.1. IMPROVED QUALITY OF areas that exist without secure tenure. LIFE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC The number of households in urban areas without CONDITION AND INCLUSION secure tenure (the numerator) divided by the total number of households in the same urban areas OF THE URBAN POOR. (denominator) expressed as a percentage. Secure tenure is the right of all individuals and groups to I.1.1 Percentage of city population living effective protection against forced evictions. People have secure tenure when there is evidence of in slums. documentation that can be used as proof of secure The number of people living in slums of a city tenure status or when there is either de facto or (numerator) divided by the total population of this perceived protection against forced evictions. city (denominator) expressed as a percentage. At the Sources: GCIF; UNSTAT (Last update: 02 Jul 2012): country level, this percentage is the total number of http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid=711 people living in slums of all the cities of a country (the numerator), divided by the total population living in all the cities of the given country (the denominator), I.1.3 Under age 5 mortality rate in expressed as a percentage. urban areas. Sources: GCIF; http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/seriesdetail. (MDG-related) The under-5 mortality, also called aspx?srid=710 infant mortality, is a rate defined as the number of UN-Habitat has developed a household-level infants dying before reaching their fifth birthday per definition of a slum household to use existing 1,000 live births in a given year. It is an indicator of the household level surveys and censuses to identify Millennium Development Goals, which seek to reduce slum dwellers among the urban population. A slum the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 household is a household that lacks any one of the and 2015. Under-5 mortality measures child survival following five elements: and reflects the impact of social, economic, and environmental circumstances as well as other causes • Access to improved water (access to sufficient of death on infants, toddlers, and young children, amount of water for family use, at an affordable including access to health care. price, available to household members without being subject to extreme effort); Sources: MDG - United Nations; UNICEF http://www. unicef.org/sowc2012/pdfs/SOWC%202012-Executive%20 • Access to improved sanitation (access to an Summary_EN_13Mar2012.pdf excreta disposal system, either in the form of a private toilet or a public toilet shared with a reasonable number of people); I.1.4 Participation of urban poor in the voting population. • Security of tenure (evidence of documentation to prove secure tenure status or de facto or The total number of voting urban poor per 1,000 perceived protection from evictions); voting persons. This definition refers to the concept of voting age population, which includes all citizens • Durability of housing (permanent and adequate above the legal voting age. structure in non-hazardous location); Source: IDEA 80 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 TIER II: CITIES ALLIANCE in a given year. Denominator: Total number of employees directly or indirectly employed by the PROGRAMME OUTCOME municipality in the same year. Figure expressed as a percentage. Sources: Human Resources department of municipality; national population census and population estimates. II.1. CITIES INCREASINGLY CHARACTERISED BY EFFECTIVE II.1.4 Proportion of municipal employees LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ACTIVE with post-secondary education [Effective CITIZENSHIP, AND DELIVERING Local Government]. IMPROVED AND RESPONSIVE Numerator: Number of well-trained employees (engineers, technical experts, etc.) in a municipality SERVICES TO THE URBAN POOR. in a given year. Denominator: Total number of employees directly or indirectly employed by the municipality in the same year. Figure expressed II.1.1 Municipal expenditures per person as a percentage. per year [Effective Local Government]. Sources: Human Resources Department of municipality; Numerator: Total operating expenditures national population census and population estimates. of municipality in a given year. Denominator: total population (estimated) of II.1.5 Voter participation in most recent municipality in same year. Average expressed in US$. municipal election (as % of eligible voters) Sources: Operating budget of municipality; national [Active Citizenship]. population census and population estimates. Numerator: Number of eligible voters who voted in most recent municipal election. Denominator: II.1.2 Municipal employees per 1000 Number of eligible (or registered) voters in inhabitants [Effective Local Government]. municipality for the same election. Figure expressed as an average. Sources: GCIF, voting records Numerator: Total number of employees directly or indirectly employed by the municipality in a given year. Denominator: Total population of II.1.6 Average percentage of women voter municipality in same year. Figure expressed in participation [Active Citizenship]. absolute numbers (000s). Numerator: Number of eligible female adult voters Sources: Human Resources department of municipality; who voted in most recent municipal election. national population census and population estimates. Denominator: Number of eligible (or registered) female voters in municipality for the same election. II.1.3 Average number of women among Source: Voting records municipal employees [Effective Local Government] Numerator: Total number of female employees directly or indirectly employed by the municipality 81 II.1.7 Existence of active municipal website a way of building consensus, and a means of for citizen questions and complaints [Active empowering disadvantaged or disenfranchised groups (World Bank). Citizenship]. Indicators measure existence and quality of the Rating scale: municipal ICT enhancing public accountability 0 1 2 towards citizens. Little or no Formal planning Regular use of Rating scale: participatory structures in place local participatory planning for budgets and processes for 0 1 2 planning projects budgetary and project purposes No website or Website (or Website exists equivalent ICT equivalent ICT (or equivalent Sources: Information from website and/or operating system system) exists ICT system), budget; data from municipal administration and some information information available and available but is platform is not maintained/ interactive II.1.10 Level of civil society activity in interactive municipality [Active Citizenship]. Sources: City IT Departments. The term civil society refers to the wide array of non-governmental and not-for-profit organisations that have a presence in public life, expressing the II.1.8 Functioning of local-level governance interests and values of their members or others, structures for consultation, at ward or sub- based on ethical, cultural, political, scientific, religious or philanthropic considerations. Civil Society ward level [Active Citizenship]. Organisations (CSOs) therefore refer to a wide of Consultation is a process through which subjects array of organisations: community groups, non- or topics of interest are discussed within or across governmental organisations (NGOs), labour unions, constituency groups. It is a deliberation, discussion, indigenous groups, charitable organisations, faith- and dialogue. The objective of a consultation is based organisations, professional associations, and to seek information, advice and opinion. In any foundations (World Bank). consultative process, the convener is not only gathering input, but sharing information as well. The Rating scale: organiser seeks to identify and clarify interests at 0 1 2 stake, with the ultimate aim of developing a well- informed strategy or project that has a good chance Little or no civil Moderate civil Strong and visible of being supported and implemented. Providing and society activity society activity civil society activity sharing information is seen as the foundation of an effective consultation process (World Bank). Sources: Cities Alliance Secretariat, Civil Society Index. Rating scale: 0 1 2 II.1.11 Access to regular potable water in slum and/or low-income areas [Delivering Little or no Ad hoc or irregular Governance governance governance structures that services to the urban poor]. structures for structures for are legally Access: within 200 metres from a home; Adequate: consultations consultations mandated and 20 litres / day / person; Safe: water does not contain functioning actively biological or chemical agents directly detrimental to health. Numerator: total number of households in Sources: City IT Departments. slum and/or low-income areas with regular supply of potable water from municipal source (calculation based on MDG criteria). Denominator: total number II.1.9 Participatory planning processes of households living in slum and/or low-income areas. Figure expressed as a percentage. in place (budgetary or other) [Active Sources: City Engineer’s office/Municipal Public Works Citizenship]. Departments. Participatory planning is a tool for identifying the collective needs of all individuals within a community, 82 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 II.1.12 Kilometres of maintained roads in by regular solid waste collection (either publicly or slum and/or low-income areas [Delivering privately). Denominator: Total number of households located in slum and/or low-income areas. Figure services to the urban poor]. expressed as a percentage. Numerator: Total number of kilometres of maintained Sources: Municipal sanitation departments roads in slum and/or low-income areas. [Implies that roads are graded regularly, there are culverts or runoff drains for the rainy season, and roads are II.1.16 Effectiveness of advocacy and passable for vehicles such as ambulances, taxis, and knowledge product dissemination – trucks for access to markets.] Denominator: Total Official Development Assistance for urban number of kilometres of roads/paths in slum and/or development. low-income areas. Figure expressed as a percentage. Official Development Assistance (ODA) in urban Sources: City Engineer’s office/Municipal Public Works Departments development is defined as an umbrella of flows captured by the OECD Creditor Reporting System (CRS) 43030 Urban Development and management II.1.13 Proportion of households in slum (integrated urban development projects; local and/or low-income areas with sewerage development and urban management; urban connections [Delivering services to the infrastructure and services; municipal finances; urban environmental management; urban development and urban poor]. planning; urban renewal and urban housing; land Numerator: Total number of households living in information systems) and 16040 Low Cost Housing. slum and/or low-income areas that are connected Figure expressed in USD. to a main sewerage system in a given country. Source: AidData Denominator: Total number of households living in slum and/or low-income areas. Figure expressed as a percentage. II.1.17 Effectiveness of advocacy and Sources: Municipal water/sanitation departments knowledge product dissemination – City and urban themes in corporate strategic II.1.14 Proportion of households in slum directions. and/or low-income areas with regular This indicator is defined as the prominence of themes electricity connections [Delivering services related to city and urban areas that are integrated at the country and regional levels into the directions to the urban poor]. Cities Alliance members take with the objective of Numerator: Total number of households living in achieving business success in the long term. Figure slum and/or low-income areas that are formally expressed as an average. connected to electricity. Denominator: total number of households living in slum and/or low-income areas. Rating scale: Figure expressed as a percentage. 0 1 2 Sources: Municipal/local electricity supply agency Little or no Representation Urban and reference to of urban and city city agenda II.1.15 Proportion of households in slum city and urban themes considered as a and/or low-income areas served by regular themes corporate priority solid waste collection (either publicly or privately) [Delivering services to the urban poor]. Numerator: Total number of households located in slum and/or low-income areas that are served 83 Tier III: Cities Alliance Rating scale: Intermediate Outcomes 0 1 2 3 Policy not Single Sectoral Comprehensive developed sectoral policies and integrated III.1. NATIONAL POLICY policy developed developed policy framework FRAMEWORKS DEVELOPED AND/ developed OR ENHANCED Sources: Copies of the official policies; member and Secretariat ratings TO ADDRESS URBAN DEVELOPMENT NEEDS III.2 LOCAL PRO-POOR AND III.1.1 (a and b in the Indicators Scorecard) CLIMATE-RESILIENT STRATEGIES Status of national urban policy (ies). AND PLANS DEVELOPED, AND Indicator rates the status of national urban development policy(ies) in countries where the RESOURCES MOBILISED Cities Alliance works. National policies on urban development may include sectoral policies covering III.2.1 Number of local pro-poor and climate some or all the following aspects: housing, slum resilient strategies/plans. upgrading, transport, land, fiscal decentralisation. Policies are officially adopted through ministerial The indicator measures the number of local pro-poor decree or pertinent legal declaration (must have and climate resilient strategies/plans developed in legal status and budgetary commitment). cities in which Cities Alliance works in a given year. Local pro-poor and climate resilient strategies may be Rating scale – status of an urban development policy city development strategies (CDSs), slum upgrading in a given country: strategies, or other local strategies that include pro- poor and climate resilient elements. 0 1 2 3 Sources: Copies of the CDSs, slum upgrading strategies, Policy not Policy under Policy Policy and Secretariat records developed development developed adopted Sources: Copies of the official policies; members and III.2.2 Total financial resources mobilised by Secretariat ratings partners for strategy implementation. The indicator measures a) Total value (US$) of III.1.2 Status of development of national resources committed (budget) by the city for urban policy frameworks. implementation of strategies and plans in a given year; (b) Total funding leveraged – Total value (US$) of The rating scale measures the development of an resources committed by partners for implementation urban policy framework in countries where the Cities of strategies and plans per year; and (c) Average Alliance works by measuring the qualitative evolution funding per $ of seed capital (grants) per year. from single sectoral policies related to urban issues, Sources: Completion reports; feedback; and Secretariat to an integrated and comprehensive framework for records city planning and governance. Characteristics of national policy frameworks include: (a) long-term strategic vision of cities; (b) creation of an enabling legal and fiscal environment; and (c) integrated and comprehensive approach to urban planning. 84 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 III.3 MECHANISMS TO ENGAGE Rating scale: CITIZENS IN CITY/URBAN 0 1 2 3 GOVERNANCE DEVELOPED Mechanisms Processes Stakeholders National to engage for national groups are forum III.3.1 Cities (in Country Programmes) citizens do forum (charter organised charter is not exist development, and national adopted with with regularly functioning governance at national preparation forum is a budget mechanisms to engage citizens in urban levels or of a workplan, held. and an mechanisms etc.) are action plan, governance developed. are ad-hoc, under stakeholders This indicator rates the degree of participation by unstructured development actively citizens, including slum dwellers, at the local level in the and scarce. and participate stakeholders in national determination, approval and implementation of urban are identified fora. development strategies and policies, by cities in which and engaged. the Cities Alliance works through Country Programmes. Governance mechanisms include: social accountability mechanisms, slum development committee, and municipal fora. III.3.3 Sustainability of mechanisms to engage citizens (all grants at city level). Rating scale: This indicator rates the presence of mechanisms 0 1 2 3 for participatory local governance in Cities Alliance activities at the city level and their sustainability Mechanisms Community/ Community Municipal beyond the project life cycle. Mechanisms include: to engage saving groups are forum social accountability activities, local fora, citizenship citizens do and other federated charter is advocacy and awareness campaigns, grassroots NGO not exist at stakeholders at municipal adopted with and community involvement. community groups are level, a budget and formed, stakeholders and an Rating scale: municipal processes are action plan, level or for municipal organised community 0 1 2 mechanisms fora (charter and federations/ are ad-hoc development, municipal groups No/ad hoc Mechanism Mechanism and scarce. preparation fora are and other mechanism integrated integrated in of a workplan, held. stakeholders into core grant implementing etc.) are actively activities grant and likely under participate to be used in the development. in the future outside the municipal grant life cycle fora. Sources: CP progress and completion reports; CATF completion reports; member survey (lead member) III.4. CAPACITIES OF CITIES IN GOVERNANCE AND III.3.2 Countries with regularly functioning MANAGEMENT STRENGTHENED. governance mechanisms to engage citizens in urban governance developed. III.4.1 Capacity of local governments in This indicator rates the degree of participation by areas such as strategic planning, financial citizens, including slum dwellers, at the national level management, and human resources in the determination, approval and implementation management. of urban development strategies by country in which the Cities Alliance works. Governance mechanisms This indicator rates the degree of capacity strengthened include: national forum, city federation, association of in the cities in which Cities Alliance works (through the municipalities. Country Programmes and the Catalytic Fund) including 85 the capacity of local government authorities (in areas such as strategic planning, financial management, Tier IV: Cities Alliance and human resources management). Secretariat Outputs Rating scale: 0 1 2 IV.1. PARTNERSHIPS CONVENED No capacity Capacity Capacity of local FOR STRATEGIC COUNTRY, strengthening development government activities activities have authorities REGIONAL AND GLOBAL have been been conducted, has been conducted by but strengthening strengthened. PRIORITIES. Cities Alliance is not yet evident. partnership. IV.1.1 Multi-member partnership Sources: CP progress and completion reports; CATF agreements endorsed by the partners completion reports; member survey per year. Indicator measures the number of formalised III.4.2 Capacity of training and partnership agreements in a given year as a measure support organisations (national public degree of the success of the Secretariat convening process. Partnership agreement may be: framework organisations, universities, training document for Country Programmes; resolution of institutions, associations of cities, etc.) to partners; statement of agreement. Multi-member is train local government officials and current defined as two or more Cities Alliance members. and future urban technical experts. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records This indicator rates the degree of capacity strengthened in the countries in which Cities IV.1.2 Scaling: Total financing for Alliance works (through the CPs and the Catalytic partnership agreements per year. Fund) including the capacity of training and support organisations (national public organisations, Indicator measures total funding contributed in a universities, training institutions, associations of given year to a specific partnership agreement by cities, etc.) to train local government officials and partners directly and/or jointly fundraised. It also current and future urban technical experts (in calculates the value ratio of the total funds per strategic planning, financial management, and human Secretariat funding. resources management). Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records. Rating scale: IV.1.3 Broadening: diversity of partners. 0 1 2 This indicator measures the objective to diversify the No capacity Capacity Capacity membership base to other key stakeholders as well as development development of training expand financing mechanisms to local private sector. activities activities and support Categories of partners are (i) Civil society/NGOs, of training for training organisations academia; (ii) Private sector; (iii) Donors; and (iv) and support and support has been organisations organisations strengthened. Local governments.1 have been have been conducted conducted, but by the Cities strengthening is Alliance not yet evident. partnership. Sources: CP progress and completion reports; member survey 1  ub-indicator to measure private sector engagement. Numerator: Number of instances private sector participates. S Denominator: total number of partnering activities. 86 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Rating scale: IV.3. KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS 0 1 2 3 AND POLICY DIALOGUES No non- One category At least two Three DELIVERED TO TARGETED member partners of non- member categories of non- or more categories of AUDIENCES. partners member non-member partners partners IV.3.1 Knowledge products produced with grant financing by members and partners. Indicator measures the total number and cost of IV.2. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE knowledge products developed with grant financing, (TA) ACTIVITIES APPRAISED, as well as the alignment of the knowledge products and strategy, and demonstrates clear and proactive APPROVED AND SUPERVISED. management of the delivery of Cities Alliance knowledge to targeted audiences. IV.2.1 TA activities (CP, CATF and JWP) Knowledge products may include: thematic approved. publications, published diagnostic studies such as a State of the Cities Report (SOCR) or Urbanisation Indicator measures the total number of TA activities Review (UR); toolkits; and other guides, policy [both grants and contracts] approved in a given papers etc. produced by members and partners year following the appraisal process. The appraisal with Cities Alliance Secretariat support and funding. process includes application of a checklist and, Generally, a knowledge product should have a Cities according to specific guidelines, peer reviews and Alliance logo. member reviews. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records; knowledge Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records pipeline and distribution schedule IV.2.2 Total value of TA activities (CP, CATF IV.3.2 Knowledge products produced with and JWP) approved. grant financing by the Secretariat. Indicator measures the total cumulative US$ value Total number of knowledge products (see previous funded by the Cities Alliance of TA activities [both definition) produced with grant financing by the grants and contracts] approved in a given year Secretariat. following the appraisal process. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records IV.2.3 TA activities supervised. IV.3.3 Knowledge products produced with Indicator measures quality of supervision. Percent of grant financing and freely accessed by grants and contracts with progress and completion reports that include information on process and targeted audiences. results achieved in a given year. Numerator: number Indicator measures the effective distribution of of grants/contracts with at least 75% of all required knowledge products via the Cities Alliance website progress and completion reports. Denominator: Total (number of unique visitors to the CA website on number of TA activities supervised. specific knowledge pages/downloads from targeted Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records countries). Total number of unique visitors to the CA website from targeted countries. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records. 87 IV.3.4 Policy dialogues and formal IV.2 Average time for key phases in the learning events that are financed by project cycle – from approval of grant to grants and implemented by members grant agreement. and partners. Average time, in days, from approval of grant to Indicator measures the total number of Policy signature of grant agreement for projects whose Dialogues, Advocacy and Knowledge and Learning agreement was signed in a given year. events that are financed by grants and carried out Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records. by member and partners. Policy dialogues may include: (i) formal consultation events with members and/or relevant institutions (e.g., decentralization IV.3 Average time for key phases in the talks in Tunisia; IBSA; Policy Advisory Forum); (ii) project cycle – from grant agreement to Advocacy/ Communications events (e.g., seminars/ first disbursement. workshops at Africities, WUF). Formal learning exchanges could include: peer-to-peer events and Average time, in days, from signature of grant study tours, learning workshops and seminars. agreement to first disbursement for projects receiving first disbursement in a given year. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records IV.3.5 Policy dialogues and formal IV.4 Average time for key phases in learning events that are financed the project cycle – from first disbursement by grants and implemented by the to closing. Secretariat. Average time, in days, from first disbursement Total number of policy dialogues and formal to closing for projects closed in a given year. learning events (see previous definition) that are financed by grants and carried out by Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records the Secretariat. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records. IV.5 Members’ impression of Secretariat effectiveness: support to governance IV.4. EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT meetings. AND RESPONSIVE Average rating by members in a given year. Scale of five (1 – very unsatisfactory; 5 – very satisfactory) GOVERNANCE OF CITIES on rating selected statements. ALLIANCE DELIVERED. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat yearly survey of members IV.1 Average time for key phases in the project cycle – from initial submission of IV.6 Members’ impression of Secretariat proposal to approval of grant. effectiveness: timeliness and quality of reports to members. Average time, in days, from initial submission of proposal to approval of grant for projects Average rating by members in a given year. Scale of completing this phase in a given year. five (1 – very unsatisfactory; 5 – very satisfactory) on rating selected statements. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat records Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat yearly survey of members 88 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 IV.7 Secretariat Greenhouse Gas Emissions performance. Average emissions per Cities Alliance staff (tonnes CO2 equivalent) calculated on the following sources: Air travel, On-site Electricity, On-site Refrigerants, Public transport during official travel, Purchased heat/steam, CFC/HCFCs. Source: UNOPS GHG Annual Inventory as part of Greening the Blue initiative. IV.8 Secretariat staff capacity on Gender Mainstreaming. Average feedback rating by staff in a given year on selected statements evaluating workshops and other capacity development activities focused on gender. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat feedback and evaluation forms. IV.9 Secretariat Delivery Performance. Indicators measures the rate of completed activities against the approved annual work plan in a given year. Source: Cities Alliance Secretariat Annual Work Plan reviews. 89 ANNEX 2 TIER III - INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES - 2016 SNAPSHOT TIER IV: SECRETARIAT OUTPUTS La-Nkwantanang-Madina Accra Metropolitan Ledzokuku-Krowor Kpone Katamanso La-Dade-Kotopon Bobo-Dioulasso BURKINA FASO INIDICATORS DEFINITION/SUB-INDICATORS Ouagadougou Shai Osudoku Tenkodogo Ga Central Dédougou Ashaiman Ga South Adentan Ga West GHANA Ga East Tema Dori III.1.1 Status of development of national policy(ies) related to urban [Rating scale (0-3)] III.1 National policy frameworks N/A developed and/or enhanced 3 to address urban development needs III.1.2 Status of development of national urban policy frameworks [Rating scale (0-3)] N/A 3 III.2.1 Number of local pro-poor climate resilient strategies/plans III.2 Local pro-poor and developed climate-resilient strategies [RED - Strategy/plan not and plans developed, and developed; YELLOW - Strategy/ resources mobilised plan under development; GREEN - Strategy/plan N/A N/A N/A N/A development] III.3.1 Regularly functioning governance mechanisms at the city level to engage citizens in urban governance [Rating scale (0-3)] N/A III.3 Mechanisms to engage 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 citizens in city/urban governance developed III.3.2 Regularly functioning governance mechanisms at the national level to engage citizens in urban governance [Rating scale (0-3)] 3 2 III.4.1 Capacity of local governments has been strengthened in areas such as strategic planning, financial management, and human resources management III.4 Capacities of cities in [Rating scale (0-2)] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 governance and management strengthened III.4.2 Capacity of training and support organisations to train local government officials and current and future urban technical experts has been strenghtened [Rating scale (0-2)] 2 2 90 CITIES ALLIANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 2 2 2 2 VIETNAM 2 2 N/A Viet Tri 2 2 N/A Lao Cai 2 2 N/A Hai Duong 2 2 N/A Hung Yen 2 2 N/A Ha Tinh 2 2 N/A Dong Hoi 2 2 Tam Ky 2 2 Quy Nhon 2 2 N/A Cao Lanh 2 2 N/A Ben Tre 2 2 2 2 UGANDA 2 2 Arua 2 2 Entebbe 2 2 Fortportal 2 2 Gulu 2 2 Hoima 2 2 Jinja 2 2 Kabale 2 2 Lira 2 2 Masaka 2 2 Mbale 2 2 Mbarara 2 2 Moroto 2 2 Soroti 2 2 Tororo 2 2 N/A N/A MOZAMBIQUE N/A N/A Maputo (Chamanculo C) 2 N/A Nacala 2 N/A Nampula 2 N/A Tete 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 N/A 2.3 2.3 AVERAGE 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 # score 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% % score 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # score 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% % score 1-2 5 45 5 41 32 3 3 # score 2-3 100% 100% 100% 100% 94% 100% 100% % score 2-3 5 45 5 41 34 3 3 TOT # of countries/cities 91