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F. PeCTpywrypH3agHw PyHKI1Hti yHpaBjieHHX llecaMH .................................. ......................................... 18
A. rlpaKTHvecKie 3JieMeHThl yCToIHB0oro niecoynpaBieHH5I ......................................................  20
E. flapaMeTpbI B03MOiKHOH HHBeCTHUHOHHog riporpammbi ...........................................................22..............,,,,.. 22
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'IacT 3. AOIIOJIHHTEJIbHMAq HH4DOPMAItI .                 226
A  JlIecHbie pecypc.i Ka3axcTaHa                                                       26
B. JIecOnOab3oBaTe.i.H                                                                 31
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r. 3KOHOMHIecKHe H qHHaHCOBbIe OCO6eHHOCTH JleCHoro ceKTopa ............................................................... 39
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E. JlecoBoccTaHoBjieHHe, neCOpa3BegeHme H nheCHbie ru1aHTaLH4H B Ka3aXcTaHe .60
IIPHIOAEHHE. Kj1aCCHHKaLxH     x 3OHaIbHo0o pHCKa JiecHbIx O)KapOB .70
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B JleCHOM X03AACTB      e B Ka3axcTaH..                                     15
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rpoMbIHLTieHHocTH, AOJIBH B BH.                                             41



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PHc. 3.8   HHCiieHHOCTb pa6oTHHKOB CepeBoo6pa6aThIBaollrje9
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CTH yrpaBjLeHH31 oKpyKaIoIeCH cpeCgoH H HrpHPOAHbIMH pecypCaMM. B 1997 roAy MM HHHElMHOpOBaHa riOAro-
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io3a. B pe3yjibTaTe riogrOTOBj1eH KoMrJTIeKCHbIH nnIaH JqeCCTBHH Ho oxpaHe oKpy?KaioHme CpeCqbI, 4cnojlb3y-
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gerpa,aUi4io naCT6MllA H naxOTHbIX 3eMejib, KOTOpafl HaM6oJIee OCTpO rnpOIBJIneTCS Ha Lore CTpaHbI, H Ae-
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paCIIIuHpeHH  jiolg,ageCH nIecOB, ipeAHa3HaMeHHbIX ,M BOCCTaHoBjieHA H coxpaHeHHAL 6Mopa3Hoo6pa-
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meJIb.
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cnoco6Horo CO3gaTb 3aKOHoqaTeRbHO-HopMaTHBHyIO OCHOBy ,WAn 4yH,vaMeHTaJbHbIX Hpeo6pa3oBaHMH B
JieCHOM ceKTope. Eue OAHMM BaKHbIM M3MeHeHHeM CTaI riepeBO. B CCHTAI6pC 2002 roga KOMHTeTa JIeCHO-
ro XO351CTBa 13 MHHHCTePCTBa oKpy)KaioeTC cpeAjbI B MHHHCTepCTBO ceCjbCKoro XO3s1HCTBa, '4TO TaICKe
CBHJeTCJ1bCTBYeT 0 MeHqiOiIHXCq aKieCHTaX B JIeCHOM X03HflCTBe H iiecoynpaBjieH4H. Hpuopumemnbte aea-



8
cmeuw, peKOMeHgyeMbie COBMCCTHbiM HCCJ1egoBaHHeM BceMHpHoro 6aHKa H Ka3aXCTaHCKHX 3KcnepTOB,
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nepegaate 6o.nbllHx npaB H o6H3aHHocTeA Ha MeCTHbiH YPOBeHb (B o6AacTH, pa1HOHbl, MeCTHOMy Hace-
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HbIe MeporpH5ATHH H Ho3TaHrifO peaJIH3aIgHlo.
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paBJeHHH, BICHo'aM KOHUCCCHOHHOC ynpaBsieHHe Ha BOCTOKe, HpHMOe rocyapCrBeHHoe ynpaBsieHHe
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HorO HacenjeHH5I B UeHTPaJbHbIX H IO)KHbIX perHOHax (T.e. B paHOHax C JgOCTaTO1HO BbICOKOA HJIOTHO-
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HX 3aHMHThi OT BpelHTleJIeH).
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ro norixo,a, rpOBegJeHHe YKpynHeHHOFO (yHKIAHOHaRbHOrO 3OHHPOBaHHA geCHbIX TeppHTOpHH rHi
aAeKBaTHOM "MaCTHH MeCTHorO HaceiieHHA (ynomwHyras BbiiieC gH4oepeHua1Hm CHCTCM ynpasne-
HHH gojixKHa 6blTb OCHOBaHa Ha 3TOM npoifecce 3oHHpoBaHHl4).
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HaCTHbIX nJiaHTaUH9 Ha 6poueHHblX CCeIbCKOX03HHCTBeHHbIX 3eMJIx).
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nIeHHlx, oco6eHHo HO TaKHM HarpaBJIeHHHM, KaK 3KOHOMH4eCKHH aHaJI43, MapKeTHHrOBaA rOjiHTHKa,
KOHCyJIbTaLIHOHHbIe yCJyrH, o6ecreleHHe "1aCTHH o6uqeCTBeHHoCT H MeCTHOrO HacenJeHHA.
C 4CToM pe3yjibTaTOB HCCJIegOB2HHH rlpaBHTejIbCTBo rO,ATBep,qHlo: (i) Ba(KHOCTb OXpaHbI H 3aWIHThI
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o6ecne4eHHAI coxpaHeHHM neCoB, BKnIOqaAI oxpaHy HX OT nO)KapOB, 60pb6y C BpeJAHTejiAMH, MOHHTOpHHr;
(iii) B03MO)KHOCTh , eLgeHTpajagH ynpaBneHHq necaMH fpH yCTaHOBjieHHH YCTKHX npaBHJI Ha HaLg4o-
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6aHKa H nOJIHTHKC CCJlbCKOrO pa3BHTHM B cTpaHax BoCTOYHOH EBponbl H UeHTpanbHoH A3HH.



9
4aCTb 1. BBEAEHIAE
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70%, COCTaBJMIOT CaKCaynJOBbIe H KyCTapHHKOBbIe aCCOLqHaLiHH (pegKOneCbm) HyCTbIHHOA 3OHbl, a iieca,
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niecHbIx HPOAYKTOB HpHMepHo 2,5 MJIH. qeJIOBeK OKo00o 10 [ipoLeHTOB Bcex IiecOB B Ka3aXcTaHe HMe-
IOT HCKYCCTBeHHOe ripOHcxOAqeHHe - 3To iieca, BbIca)KeHHbIe BO BpemeHa CCCP AiiA 3allJHThI OT BeT-
pOBOA 3pO3HH H HaHOCOB necKa Ha cenbcKOXO3AHcTBeHHbIx yrOIbAlX. OAlHaKO B HoCUeJ4HHe rO,RbI 3KO-
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Ba)KHeHlmHM npo6neMaM IiecHoro H nacT6HuMHoro Xo3A9cTBa. fnaBHas 3a,Alaqa AaHHoro HcCieJAOBaHHR
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niee 3a4eKTHBHbIM cPOpMaM COTpygHHqeCTBa; H
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HaJIHqHH H xapaKrepe OCHOBHbiX ripO6neM H riOTeHLHaAe COTpyAHHweCTBa C HipaBHTeJIbcTBOM
Ka3axcTaHa B HOBOH OTpacJIH.



10
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TeJ1bHOHi CTeHrHH OCHOBaH Ha MaTepmanax, rOiArOTOBjieHHbIX Ka3aXCTaHCKHMH KOHCynbTaHTaMH.
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AHHagH1o rinoroToBKH, o6cyCIcAHHA H ny6HKauHH AoKnIaza B AcTaHe. PaAa JlaHKHHa, BHKTOpHA CT3HJ1H H CoxaHCX a BanHM
rlPOBenJH peaKTHPOBaHHe AoKiaA,a B Ba1IIHHrrOHC. FO,rOTOBKy pyccKoro nepeBo,a ocyllecTBHnH HpHHa qKOBAeHKO H KYMH
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Map,xcopH-3HH BpoMxeA, meHegKepy BceMHpHoro 6aHKa no ripHpIpOHOOJIb3oBaHHIO, 3a ee geHHbIA BKna, B pa3pa6oTKy
KOHLgeni1HH goKiiatga H nogpo6Hbie 3aMetaHHA no ero cTpyKType H npe3eHTaqmHH.



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qaCTb 2. 0630P M PEKOMEH[AMLM
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KOH ApeBecHHbL. KaK npaBHJIO, HWfAbl I pOMbiIIIJeHHOCTH H nOTpe6HTejlbcKoro pbIHKa Ka3axcTaHa B
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12
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OAHO CTOpOHbI, H HH3Ky1O KyjibTypy rocygapcBeHHOFO yrpaBJIeHHA, C JpyrOA CTOpOHbI. 3a ripeReRa-
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BaA paCTHTenJbHOCTh H nyroHacT6HmIjHhIe yrogb3i.



13
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Ko,leKce Pecny6nimm Ka3axcTaH (2003 r.) KmIoIeBaR bYHKUH4 yrTBepx)eHHM rj1aHOB MepOripHq-
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KyO geATejIbHOCTb). B MHpe Ha6moAaeTcH oTHeTnJHBa3 TeHAeCHUHM nepexoAa rocyJapCTBa OT npI-
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14
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eCTeCTBCHHblM, 4TO o65I3aHHOCTH no HpOPC>KHBaHHI0 IieCOB H cogepwKaHHIO HH4)paCTpyKTypbl B
niecax OTgaA1eHHbIX TeppHTOpHH AjITa3i 6yAyi 3aKpeluJeHbI 3a 4aCTHbIMH CTpyKTypamH Ha OCHOBe
goroBopa JojirOcpOM4HOH apeHAbI, TO17qa KaK B ryCTO HaceJieHHbIx ripeCFopbAX TAHb-IIIaHA MeCT-
HbIC (KOMMyHaJbHbie) fIOIpRAHbie ripe,AnpHHTHS CMOryJT OCyleCTBJSTb 3Ty pa6ory 6o0iee 3¢47eK-
THBHO.
(iv) 3095eKmu8nocmu - 3BCjKT OT HOBbliIeHHM MacJNTa6a qbJUAeTcq OAHHM H3 BaXHeHmHx 4iaKTOpOB,
KOTOpbIe cIe,AyeT y'4HThJBaTh HnpH pacnpegeneHHH 4JyHKIIHA ynpaBfeHHA. HanpHMep, c HOrirOTOB-
KOH nnlaHa yripaBjeHHA IiecOB B AJTaHCKO' 3OHe B COOTBeTCTBHH c yIBepxqeHHbIMH B IJteHTpc npa-
BHnaMH MOryr 6e3 Tpy,a cipaBHThC5I OT,enJbHbie KpyrHbie apeHJaaTOpbI, 3aKJHOlHBLHue gqoroBopa
AOJIFOCpOLIHOr apeHgbi. B 3OHe CaKCayAbHbIX ICcOB HuH B IiecocTerHOM 3OHe c pa3Hoo6pa3HbIMH
M03aHqHbIMH BHgaMH 3eMulenOJIb3OBaHH5l 3Ty pa6oTy Igeinecoo6pa3Ho BblHOJIHAITh Ha 6ouee arperH-
pOBaHHOM JIaHigiaJTHOM ypOBHe CHiaMH CHf1RHaTH3HpOBaHHbIX paHOHHbIX opraHH3aUHH.
(v) Ycmoatiueocmu - jyHW1GHOHa.lbHbIe 065{3aHHOCTH cJIeJAyeT nOgKpeCHHTb 9KOHOMH4eCKHMH cpe,-
CTBaMH, rIO3BO.I5H1OlHMH BblHOJIHqTb 3TH o6H3aHHOCTH - JIH6O Ha OCHOBe riMmorO qHHaHCHpO-
BaHHA HnIH fyreM Pnpe!OCTaBneBJHHB HaJOIrOBbIX JlbrOT ,AnR BbIlOJIHeHHA o66ecTBeHHbIx QYHKLjHH,
m1H6o rpegoCTaBnUAI JIHLIy, ynpaBnAiomemy pecypCaMH, onpe,AcieHHbie npaBa Ha roJib3oBaHHe pe-
CYPCaMH ,I1 FIOJIny4eHHM Aoxoga. B YCJIOBH3IX KOMaHAHOH 3KOHOMHKH rpSAMoe QH4HaHCHpOBaHHe
6buo OCHOBHbIM cnoco6oM (4HHaHCHpOBaHHM uIeCHoro xO3,4ACTBa. TaKOA cnoco6 fHHaHCHpOBa-
HH5I ieuiecoo6pa3Ho COXpaHHTb WA TeX JieCOB, KOTOpbIe OCTaEOTC5I B ripIMOM Be,geHHH opraHOB
rocy,apCTBeHHoro ynpaBieHHw (LieHTpalbHbIX HniH o6.nacTHblx) B CBR3H CO 3HaqHTejIbHOH o6me-
CTBeHHOH JyHKtiHeH 3THX nIeCOB, HanpHMep, ornpeAefjeHHbie BH,Abl oxpaHACMbIX TeppHTOpHH,
3aMlHTHbie .ecoCOJIOCbl BgOJIb Aopor H T.g. KOHTpaKf Ha BbinOJIHeHHe KOHKpCTHbIX pa6oT, CBfl-
3aHHbIX C BegeHHeM JIeCHoro xO3MHCTBa TaKHX nIeCOB, MO)KHO 3aKTHO'lHTb c 4aCTHbIMH onepaTopa-
MHl, HO 4JHHaHCHPOBaTbC51 TaKHe pa6oTbl OJnDKHbi HOJIHOCTbIO H3 6IogKeTa. 06,q3aHHOCTH Ho yn-
paBjieHHIO JICCaMH H 3eMJI5IMH ApyrlHX BH,AOB JIecOB, He o6iaaIaloIHHX TaKOA BbICOKOHi o6lleCTBeH-
HOH! 3HaHHMOCTbIO, MOAKHO CJierCHpOBaTb (repeJqaTb B apeHqy) HerOCygapCTBeHHbIM CTpYKTypaM
(4acTTHbIM KoMnaHHqM, MyHHUHnaJnbHbIM HJIH o6tCcTBeHHbIM opraHH3agiHsIM). B 3TOM ciiy,4ae 3a
o6sq3aHHoCTb no yripaBJ1eHHIO (3alwITe, BOCCTaHOBJIeHHIO) yKa3aHHbIMH JICcaMH HM MO)KHO 6y,eT
IIpCAOCTaBHTb flpaBO (Ha mjiaTHOII OCHOBe Hin 6ecriaTHo) nOJIb3OBaHHhl HnH ipoLax(H orpege-
IiCHHbIX fieCHbIX HpOAyKTOB.
2.7. OrIHCaHHbie BbiIJe HlpHHuHribi yKa3blBalOT Ha HeO6XO,HMOCTb 4pOpMHpOBaHHA B Ka3aXcTaHe HHCTHTy-
L9HOHajIbHOH CTpyETybl yripaBjieHH5A iecaMH, OCHOBaHHOH Ha pa3Hoo6pa3Hl4 OpraHH3aL3HOHHbIX cJOpM
H o6uiaAaionAeA AOCTaTO4HoA rH6KOCTbIO B Bbi6ope KOM6HHaUHH BapHaHTOB C y,4TOM KOHKpeTHbIX
oco6eHHocTeA TOrO HJnH HHOrO perHOHa. flepexo, K TaKOM CHCTeMe yripaBieHH5I ciejiyeT OCyHCCTB-
JILTb fO3Tar HO, rIpOBepHB BHaqauIe .AeCCTBHe HOBOrO MexaHH3Ma B xoAe HeCKOJIbKHX nHHIOTHbiX npo-
rpaMM. KpoMe TOFO, c;iegyeT HpO,JyMaTb BOrpOC eqeUCHTpajiH3aLiHH CHCTeMbl YnIpaBJeHHH .iiecaMH. Ha
Ha4aAbHOM 3Tane MO)KHO OCYIIACCTBHTb gmeHTpanH3auiHEo ynpaBjieHH3[ TeMH iecaMH, BeAJeHHe KOTO-
pbIMH H3 geHTpa 3aTpy,qHeHO (HaipllMep, 6epe3oBble nepeuecKi ceBepa CTpaHbl), ACJIerHpOBaB COOT-
BeTCTBYIOUHe IOJIHOMOqH3] MeCTHbIM opraHaM BJIaCTH, MCCTHOMY HaCeJIeHHIO WA1l '1aCTHbIM CTpyKTy-
paM. B KOHeT'HOM HTOre, B BegeHHH LAeHTPanbHbIX opraHOB yrpaBjieHHSI AOJKHbl OCTaTbC5q TOjIbKO
nieca Ha1AHOHauIbHOFO 3HaMCHHA.



15
2.8. Amni pemelHH  yKa3aHHbIX 3ala' ueJecoo6pa3Ho pacCMOTpeTb cJieyOiIHe BapHaHTi gefCcBHH.
H Fo iiecaM, paCrIOJIOKCHHbIM Ha BOCTOKe H CeBepO-BOCTOKC CTpaHbI, cieAjyeT HIepeCMOTpeTb He
TOJIbKO rlJiaHbI MeponpHLTHAH Ho ynpaBnjeHHIO J1eCHbIM XO3NACTBOM, HO H MeTOgojiorFHo roIrO-
TOBKH 3THX HJIaHOB. HpH [lmaHHpOBaHHH MeponpHRTHH no yripaBjeHHIO .jeCHbIM XO3MHCTBOM
cJiegyeT HpHMeHsMTb iaHJgmUa1 THbIA HOAXOq, C npOBeJAeHHeM JAeTaAH3HpOBaHHbix .ieCOyCTpOHTCb-
HbIX pa6oT TOJIbKO Ha IieCHbIX 3eMJiTx rHpOH3BOACTBeHHOrO Ha3Ha4eHHq. B rioArOTOBKe ruiai-oB
PHc. 2.1.  BapHaliiu pa3rpaH1iCeHHAS aAMHHHCTpaTHBH]bX H xO3IHCTBeHHIX 4)yHIMHA
B yllpaBJieHHH JiecaMH Ka3aXcTaHa
WYHKI 1HH                 2002 r.        2003 r.       HbeOa2.        pezuona/bH.   cxeAThi
(HOBblHi      BapuaHm I      Bapuaxm 2      BapuaHni 3
KoAeKc)        (B.-Ka3.)     (C.-Ka3.)      (K3.-Op aa)
A,aMMH14CTPATHBHbIE:
3. H)OpM UipoBaHHe  o6ecHOII IOeIITEIIK;
(pa3pa6oTKa o6 CHoTKa HHUopnLIIY7,
3KOHCWBTm tiopmaTyCyHBO)
2. Peryn HpoBaH i e (peajilBalIllff                                             .^^
4.3aKOH0OMWeIlCTBa5 KHTONW)Kb2
HaA30p, o6ecrieWMHHe HCFI0IOHeHMI) i\
3. HH(popmaRlIOHHoe o6ecrieLmene                                           \    \\\
(C6op Hi o6pa60TKa Mffl)opmaLHi1,t \\\\\\\
KOH cvn bTaLUHOHHbie ycjfrTu)I=                                       \       \     \     \        \
4. aKoiiomnzqeCKaq no;oep)KKa                      1[             1                            \\
(¢ HaHHCOB1C CTHMyIbl, TeXHH'-Iec-
Kiie oniepaumii)
5A. nJIaHHpOBaHHe (iia CBOAHOM
ypoBHe - peFIlOHaJlbHOM, o6iiaCTHOM,
HaqlIOHaAbHOAl)                                    \        L       W 
5B. MlaHMlpoBaHije (AeraAbHbie \\\\ 
YPOBHII - HlpeAllp[ITiiTe, (Qepma, \\\\\\\ _J 
Hace,ieHHblfl rryHKi,; palHOH) \\\\ I1
X03HJi%CTBEHHbIE:
6( BnareHTHe rocyHaPCTBeHHJIMco
niecamii (HOMTHOMK ueietH) 
7. YripaBCbeHHe roCyHapCTBeHHbIM     =
IIMYBaCCTBOM (HeqB11AGIMOCTbhO, \\\ \\\\ 
39MHllMIM, 11HfipaCTpyKTYPOA) \\\\S
8A. YnpaBIeHrie jleCHblMI 3eMJLMH
(3apIHTa 11 BOcupO3BOACTBO necoB
it HelpeBeCHbIX nieCHbIx nIpOXyKTOB)|||||||||||||||||| 
8B. Yripawneffle njeCHbIMM 3emnxHmf                                                 Q-, l||U 
(ripOI13BO,RCTBO ApeBeCHHl HI 11           l                lIIa 
HeApeBeCHbIX JeCHbIx npOAyKTOB)
9. OpraHul3aUmn nepepa6oTKH ape- |
BeCHHbl (J]econl InbHble HpegnpHHTHm)
10. OpraHI13iaIuIi nepepa6omH
HuepeBeCHOn JIeCHOH HpO9yKuA11I
(Ao6bIHa Hojie3HbIX iHcKonaeMblx,
BOAHoe X03,HCTBO, OXOTa H T.L.)
Pecny6llHKaHcKi4e            FocygapcTBeHHoe JIecoxo3SIlcTBeHHoe
opraHbl B;IaCTH              npeAnpHwTme
06nacTHble opraHbl          CaMoynpaBneHHe / (DepmepcKoe
BJIaCTH                      xo3SiHCTTO / TacTHoe IHuo



16
MepOr1pHHTHA 11o yinpaBJneHHIO JIeCHbIM Xo35HqCTBOM AOJDKHbi HpMHHMaTb yQacTme MeCTHOe Hace-
.ieHHe, a TaioKe pa OHHbie H o6AacTHbie opraHbl BjiacTH. Ha 3THX TeppHTopHlx MO)KHO r1pOBecTH
3KcriepMmeHT 11o AenerHpOBaHM   rIO OHOMOqMA Hr0o ynpaBjieHH o j1eCHbIM X03.HqCTBOM opraHaM
BJacTH mecTHoro caMoynpaBneHHH, nepegaB HM 3eMJIH B apeH,y CpOKOM Ha 5-10 .neT c ripaBoM
flpogneH1HM  npM YCJIOBHH BbIrIOJIHeHHA KpHTepiHB yCTOAPqHBorO yripaBneHHA ecaMH.
*   HO rOpHbIM .fecaM, pacr1ojio0KeHHbIM Ha lorO-BOCTOKe CTpaHbl, OCHOBHOC BHMmaHHe ciie,yeT yzae-
IHTb BOripOCaM yrpaBneHHM BO,4oc6opHbIM 6acceAHOM c yIaCTHeM MeCTHOrO HacejieHHSI.
*   Ho CaKCayuOBbIM IiecaM Heo6XogHHMo, npewge Bcero, rpOBeCTH HHBeHTapH3Ma1o iiecHoro 4)OH-
gaa, C¢OpMHpOBaTh Ha nocjiejyiogem 3Tane peCKHM YCTOH4MBOBro ynpaBjIeH4S (B HacTo3ilgee Bpe-
MR Ha6jnojaeTCA HepaBHOmepHoe pacnpegeneHiee 3aflaCOB CaKCaynJbHMKOB HO B03paCTHbIM KaTe-
ropHwnM BBH,Ly qpe3MepHOA Bbipy6KH gZepeBbeB cnenioro H npHcneBaioriero B03paCTOB). KaK Ba-
pHaHT, MO?KHO AenierHpoBaT HOJIHOMOqHM no ynpaBnieHHIo 3wHMM iiecaMm aCCo1Ha2UHAM 3eMjie-
floJ1b3OBaTeJiefi (HanpHMep, aCCOgHailmM q4epMepoB), KoTopbie 3aHHTepeCOBaHbl B coxpaHeHMH
paCTHTejibHOrO HOKpOBa.
*   C.aeAyeT BOCCTaHOBMTh COOTBeTCTBYpO1i4e pexKHMbl 3eMJIeHonJb3oBaHHM Ha CeJbCKOX03,HCTBeH-
HbIX H HaCT6MLIWHbIX 3eMJLRX, HarpameHHbie Ha yJlyqlueHHe COCTORHHM pacnonoxKeHHOA Ha HHX
ApeBeCHO-KyCTapHHKOBOH paCTHTenbHOCTH, HanpMmep, Co6CTBeHHHKaM 3eMejIb repBoHaqaAbHbie
rpaHTbl Ha OCHOBe paBHoro AoneBoro yqaCTHM JI BOCCTaHoBJIeHHS 3allHTHbIX ieCoHacaxqeHHfi
B COOTBeTCTBHH c COriiaCOBaHHbIM pe?KHMoM MX coAep)KaHHA.
2.9. B npe,viaraembif npoeKT MO0KHO BKJIO'qHTb nriioTHoe BHpeHe pa3HbIX MHCTHTyIHOHajIbHbiX rno,-
XOAOB K JieCoBoccTaHoBjieH41O, BKJIIOlMa y"acTHe MeCTHOfO HaCeieHHH 4H BbInOJIHeHHe pa6oT 4aCTHbl-
MH riogpHAqHKaMH. HeKoTopble H3 rOJqXOLOB, KOTOpbie MOiKHO 6buio 6bl BHeIgpHTb Ha rimOTHOH OC-
HoBe, npeAcTaBnieHbI Ha pHcyHKe 2.1 (BapMaHTmI 1, 2 H 3).
B. 3KoHoMw4ecKas oLAeHKa JieCOB,
IAeHoo6pa3oBaHIe i 0HHaHCMPOBaHme
2.10.HcToqHnKH 4HHaHCHPOBaHHA H i;eHoo6pa3OBaHHA pecypcOB. B cTpaHax, o6na,aIouAHx 3Ha-
4MHTeJIbHbIMM 3anacaMH neca, HarpHMep, PoccfHl, KaHaAa HnM Bpa3HwHI, COBOKYHaRH 3KoHoMHqecKa5
4CHHOCTh npflMbIX BHMAOB HOJIb3OBaHHM JiecoM (c H3bITHeM pecypca), KaK ripaBMO, BbllIue i4HHOCTH
ero HeHCHOJIb3OBaHMA (cyigcCTBoBaHxiA), H B 3TOM cAyqae jieCHa3i OTpaCJ1b 3BASAeTCM HCTOqHHKOM 6io,-
?KeTHbIx riocTyriIeHHH. B TaKMx cTpaHax MexaHM3MbI qHH4aHCHpOBaHMM neCHoA oTpacJiH QopMHpy-
IOTCR, riiaBHbIM o6pa3oM, Ha OCHOBe HeHajiorOBbIX peHTHbix nraTe)KeH 3a H0JIb3OBaHHe pecypcami
(noneHHa,q nniaTa 3a ApeBecMHy, oTnycKaeMyio Ha KOpHIO, apeH,AHbIe rTiaTexmu, rniaTa 3a HcroJIb3oBa-
Hme), a TaioKce 3a cHeT Haniora Ha ripH6buLb iiecorpoMbbiImeHHbIX H IieCOTOPFOBbIX nprernp1TmHH.
2.11.32x*eKTHBHOCTb yKa3aHHbIX CHCTCM 3aBHCHT OT TOrO, HaCKOJIbKO rpaMOTHO pa3pa6oTaHbl MeXaHH3-
Mbi geHoo6pa3OBaHHA B ciQepe pecypcoB, KoTopbie gojEHbI 6blTb Hpo3paqHbIMH, KoHKYPeHTHbIMH H
rF6KHMH. HaripHMep, B POCCMH nepBbie rOHbITKH BHegpHTh TaKyiO CHCTeMy 6bUIH npe,ixpmHqsTbi eme B
1993 ro,FO HO ee pa6ory Ao CHX flop HeJ1b3J Ha3BaTh 344eIKcrBHOHi. B 3TOM MeXaHH3Me nniaTa 3a rloAb3O-
BaHHe paCCMaTpHBaiaCb KaK CriemaJbHbI )e.AepaAbHblfi Hanor, KOTOpbIfI 1pmHBei K yCjio)KHeHM1o H
6e3 Toro TIDKenorO HajiorOBoro 6peMeHM Ha lecoripoMblam1eHHbie iipeAInpHTHT. B HTore yBeHq4H-
JIHCb o6'beMbI HeOCPHMHanbHoro (TeHeBoro) cecKTopa 3KOHOMHKH. Hocie,AHMe npegno)KeHmA no nepe-
BO,y rIpaBoro cTaTyca ruiaTmI 3a HoAb3oBaHHe JiecaMH B KaTerOpHMO HeHaJIOFOBbiX nnTiaTe)KeH 3a rlOJlb3O-
BaHHC pecypcamH AOHxHbI CriOCo6CTBOBaTh Co3gaHHIO B 0TpaCJIH rION11HHO PbIHOqHOrO H npo3pa'-
HOrO MeXaHH3Ma LeHoo6pa3oBaHHs B (OpMC pbIHOtqHbIX ToprOB H ayKLHOHOB, CnOCo6CTByS flOBbillme-
HHIO 3CIeKTHBHOCTM JHeCO3aOTOBHTenbHbIX pa6oT H 6onee ruy6oKog nepepa6oTKe AeCHOi IIpoAyK-
4HH gmI5I rojpyqeHHH go6aBjieHHOH CTOHMOCTH.



17
2.1 2.FIocKonbKy B Ka3axcTaHe 3anacbi nieca B a6conIoTHoM BbIpaweKHHH HeBeIiHKH, 3TH neca HMeIOT ropa3,Ro
6oAbmuee 3Ha,IeHHe KaK HCTO'IHHHK "o6,6lecTBeHHbIx 6nar". ,pyrHMH CJIOBaMH, UeHHOCTb HX HeHCnOJIb-
3OBaHHS (cyn4ecTBOBaHHsI) BbIliHi UeHHOCTH HX HiMmoro HcrIOJIb3OBaHHA. Co3gaHHe MexaHH3Ma peHT-
HorO THrna orpaHHwHno 6bI HpHMeHHMOCTb TaKoro MexaHH3Ma TOJLbKO TeMH paAOHaMH, rAe cocpejqo-
TO4eHbI 3HaMHTeJIbHbIe 3aHacbI JlecHoro cjOHga, HanpHMep, Ha AJTae. J1tg 1HHaHCHpOBaHHm 6o.nbme4
qaCTH nIeCHoro xO3HACTBa (Ao 80%) Ha OCTaJIbHOA TCppHTOpHH CTpaHbI Tpe6yeTcAI rpHMeHATh nepe-
KpeCTHOe QHHaHCHpOBaHHe 3a C'4eT ,gpyrHx oTpaciieA 3KOHOMHKH nOCpegCTBOM 6ioLpxeHoro nepe-
pacnpege.neHHM HaAorOBbIX JAOXOJAOB.
2.13.P)aKTiHecKH, Ka3axcTaH, KaK CTpaHa co cpe,AHHM JAOXOJAOM, yKe o6.nagaeT JOCTaTO'IHbIMH QHHaHco-
BbIMH pecypcami wA o6ecrieteHCleIH OXpaHbI OKpy)KaioHieA cpegbI, HTO HeO,HOKpaTHO nOATBep)Ka-
JIOCb 3aqBjeHHHiMH pyKOBOAITene BbICmero ypOBHA. B 3TOH CBq3H HpaBHTeJIbCTBO oTgaeT npHopH-
TeT MepOrPH5RTHAM Ho ripeAOTBpa JeHHIO ,aJbHeHuIHX riOTepb H ,gerpagau   cyugecTByxogero iiec-
Horo HOKpOBa, a TaioKe yBeneHflHHM o6beMa .eCHbIX pecypcoB 3a cieT peanIH3aUHH nporpamm .neco-
BOCCTaHoBjieHHA H jiecopa3BegefHH. HO3TOMy ceHgac peCb HgeT 0 TOM, KaK HaHTH HaH6ojiee 34I-
4eKTHBHbNA cnoco6 AOCTH)KeHH5I yKa3aHHO    LgeiiH. PaUHoHaJLbHoe ynpaBnieHie HMeloIIAHMHCq
JiecaMH HO3BOJIHT COXpaHHTb ueHHOCTb HX HeHCHoJb3OBaHHR (cyumeCTBOBaHwI) H O)AHOBpeMCHHO
HOBblCHTb LueHHOCTb OCHOBHbIX BH,DOB HOJIb3OBaHHIq. Ao6HTbCA 3TorO MO)KHO 3a C4eT rOBbImueHHq
HpOAyKTHBHOCTH, pacmiHpeHHS gi4HaHa3OHa MHoro4eIieBoro HOJIb3OBaHH5I H 'KOCBeHHOrO' HOJIb3OBa-
HHSA, xTO, B CBOIO oMepegb, gojnDHo o6ecne'IHTb pa3BHTHe CBR3aHHbIX c n1ecOM BHgOB AeSTenJbHOCTH
(B qaCTHOCTH, HejApeBecHoro iiecOnOAb3OBaHHH H TypH3Ma). Hajloroo6Ao)KeHHe 3THX BH,gOB ,geq-
TeJIbHOCTH BbI3OBeT pOCT 6ioJAiceTHbIX AOXOJAOB. K HeCpeBeCHbIM BH,RaM jiecorOjib3oBaHH5I OTHOCHT-
cA OXOTa H pbI6OJIOBCTBO, c6op nIeCHoH rpOiAyKUHH (HanpHMep, rpH6oB H qro,). KocBeHHbIe BbLrO-
,bI BKjiio'alOT coKpaHgeHHe ypOBHA raBOlKOB H 3pO3HH rOHBbI 3a C14eT HaXie)KaWeH 3aMlHTbI BOAO-
c6opa. YKa3aHHbie caKTOpbl gOjDKHbI Cjiy)KHTb JgOCTaTO'qHbIM OCHOBaHHeM H KpHTepHMmH o6ecne-
eCHH5L npAMoro rocygApCTBeHHoro DHHaHCHpOBaHHq CHCTeMbI paL[HOHaAbHOrO BeJHCHHA uiecHoro
XO3MqACTBa, BKniO4aM npOBeAeHHe HHBeHTapH3aUHH JiecoB (inecOyCTpOACTBa) H peauiH3aUHH  JinaHOB
OpraHH3aUHH H pa3BHTH5 nieCHOrO XO35HfCTBa H LJeiiBbIx rporpaMM OXpaHbI, 3aHuHTbI H BOCHpOH3-
BOACTBa.
2.14. BHezpeHHe HavemIcaiJHx MexaHH3MOB geHoo6pa3oBaHHl iieCHoH ripoAYKJHH Ha OCHOBe
6aJiaHca 3aTpaT Ha iieCO3aroTOBHTeJIbHbIe pa6oTbl H pbIHOtIHbIX LeH, C O,jHOi CTOpOHbl, H CTOHMOC-
TH 3aMeIIeHHA H o6uiecTBeHHoA iLeHHOCTH .TeCHbIX pecypcoB, C ApyrOH CTOpOHbl - 3a,ga4a Hpe3Bbl-
4aHHO TpyJAHaA. HaRo IpHIMO CKa3aTb, lqTO H,eaAbHoro peuieHHq 3TOH 3aAaa4H HH B OJAHOA cTpaHe
MHpa HaHTH He ygRaAOCb. rpH QOpMHpOBaHHH L eHbl (Ha .iecHyio rpoJYyKIH4O) IpOH3BOgHTCH aHa-
.11H3 [eH Ha HMHOpTHpyeMbli H 3KcHOPTHpyeMbiH niec, pacqeT 3aTpaT Ha niecO3aFOTOBHTe)lbHbIe pa-
6oTbi H TpaHCHOpT, o6ocHoBaHHe HOpMbI npH6bliH. cQopMHpoBaHHaA TaKHM o6pa3oM 6a3oBas n\eHa
Ha3bIBaeTCA pe3epBHoA [eHoH. B cjy4ae, ecJIH necoceeqHbIH q4OHg, OTBeAeHHbIA B py6Ky B COOTBeT-
CTBHH C jieCOXO3,HCTBeHHbIM riiaHoM, roWgeIKHT npogaaKe taCTHbIM jiecO3arOTOBHTeji5M Ha KOH-
KYPCHO0 OCHOBe H IpH 3TOM HH OAHH ytaCTHHK KOHKypCa He ripegnOXKT pe3epBHyIo LgeHy (HRn4
Bblwe), TO B gaHHOM ce3OHe jieCO3arOTOBHTeJIbHbIe pa6oTbl Ha gaHHoM yqacTKe HpOH3BOAiHTbCH He
AOJIXHbI.
2.1 5.B HeKOTOPbIX cTpaHax cpeAcTBa, BbIpyqeHHbIe OT npopaxcH neca Ha rocygapCTBeHHbIX 3eMiqLx, nocTy-
nalOT HerOCPeflCTBeHHO B 6io,pieT opraHa ynpaBnieHHs necaMH. B ApyrHx CTpaHax yKa3aHHbIe cpeg-
cmBa nocTyialOT B 6iogxeT CTpaHbI, nocie wero oripe e 'ieHHa ac AOXOAOB HarnpaBnmeTCA Ha cqeTa
opraHa yipaBjieHHA iiecaMH. B TpeTbHx cTpaHax yKa3aHHbie cpegcTBa repepacrpegemoTCA B HOJIb3y
MeCTHbiX OpraHOB BjiaCTH C y4eTOM TOrO, 'ITO OrIpe,AeeHHac qac 3THX Cpe,CTB gaonxuHa 6bITb Ha-
npaBnieHa HMH B pacHOPAXeHHe MeCTHbIX OpraHOB yripaBJeHHH IiecaMH AAR oCyH4eCTBJIeHHA HMH CBO-
HX pyHKIui4H. OQHaKo HepemKH cjiy4aH, Korga yKa3aHHbIe gqOrOBOpeHHOCTH He co6mo,ioaioTcq.



18
2.16.B Ka3aXcTaHe pe)KHM roreHHOI OrJiaTbI q)OpMHpyeTCs1 Ha OCHOBe BHyrpeHHMX IeH Ha niec c yieTOM
pa3mepa H KaqeCTBa 3aoTaBnHBaemoro iieca. Hlpo6jieMa 3aKmioaeTcs B  MpHMeHeHHH yKa3aHHoro pe-
)KMma. KpoMe TOrO, LeHy Ha riOJIb3OBaHHe gaHHbIM pecypCOM Heo6xogHMo (OpMHpOBaTb C "4eTOM
o6igero peCxHMa Ha2joroo6JoKeHHM.
2.1 7.HaH6o.nee npHeMAeMbbi MeTo, cpopMMpyeTCA TaKAKe c yTeToM qcOpM co6CTBeHHOCTH Ha .nec H) pexMma
ynpaBjieHHS niecaMH, a TaiOKe pacnpegeiieHHn oTBeTcTBeHHoCTH 3a pa3Hbie JIeCHbIe (yHKIAHH. B I1acT-
HbIX iiecax Ha Co6CTBeHHHKa, B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3aKOHOAaTejIbCTBOM, MO)KeT 6blTb B03n)oKeHa o6Hq3aH-
HOCTb no BegaeHHIO JieCHoro X03HHCTBa c co6.iIo,jeHHeM KOHKpeTHoro peKnMa HeHcToIAHTej1bHoro
npHpoAonoJIb3oBaHHM3, BKJIIOHaqri nocagKy nleCa Ha iiecoceKax, pe3epBHPOBaHHe OT,eJIbHbIX "4aCTKOB
gm 3KojiorH4ecKHx ueiieA. fliaTeAU4 co6CTBeHHHKa JieCHbIx pecypcoB ripOH3BOgRTCSi B cIOpMe o6bIi-
HbIX HaJOrOB C gaOXOgJOB OT ripogaaK IieCHoH rpOogyKymH. BMecTe C TeM, rocygapCTBO Mo)KeT rlpegOCTa-
BHTb co6CTBeHHHKy JlbrOTbI ,JM CTHMyJIHpOBaHH5I I paLHOHaJIbHoro ynpaneHus4 nIecaMH HAn .lecOBOC-
cTaHoBjieHHiA. TaKHM o6pa3oM, pexKHMbI 1geHoo6pa3oBaHHA (OpMHpyMIOTC5I B 32BHCHMOCTH OT pacrpe-
aCe1iHHM o6H3aHHocTeft mexvy rOCygapCTBeHHb1M H l-aCTHbIM CeKrOpOM. MeCTHoe HaceieHHe MO)KeT
HMeTb npaBo gOcTyla" B nIec AM 3afOTOBKH ApOB ISI Co6CTBeHHbIX Hy)M.
2.1 8.O6igerpHi-HATo, 'TO B HeKOTOpbIX paHOHax roIepafCKaHHe ileCHoro   OKpOBa B uenfAx 3aHHTbI BOAO-
c6opoB, pa3BHTHhI pCKpeaUHH, co3,qaHHH 3alHTHbIX jieCOHacXieHHH H T.n. qBJMeTcS o6M3aHHocTblo
rocy,RapcTBa, H paCXOAbI Ha yKa3aHHbIe BbIlme pa6oTbI no COLgepKaHHO niieca gOJDKHbI (HHaHCHpOBaTb-
CJq H3 AOXOAOB 6ioj)eTa. HanpHMep, B PyMbIHHM OKOJIo 70 npo[eHTOB .IecOB ripegHa3HaqeHbI gnA
3allMHTbI BoAoC6opa, XOTA Ha 3THX rinouai2x BCe 2K eOnyCKaeTC1 He6oJIbUloH o6feM jieCO3arOTOBOK
B HeKOTOpbIX pafoHax HepeBeCHble iieCHble npoxyKTbi (rpH6bi, HJToJbi, nIeKapCTBeHHbIe TpaBbl, npaBa
Ha OXOTy H T.r.) qBJIAIOTCq 6o0nee BaxuHbIM HCTOHHMKOM gOXOJAOB, 'leM npogaaKa gpeBeCHHbI. B Ka3ax-
CTaHe pa6oTa B 3TOM HapaBjieHH1H eiie TOJIbKO Ha4HHaeTCq. HOBbIe MeTOgbi HHBeHTapH3aLAHH H rnia-
HHpOBaHH1 HCHOJIb3oBaHHM nieCOB Ha AaHAlUa¢THO-3Koj1orHMeCKOH OCHOBe (aKT14BHO pa3BHBaeMbIe,
HanpHMep, B fpy3Hm) nomoryT ytecTb yKa3aHHbIe HoAe3HbIe CBoHcTBa JieCOB.
2.19.B IIenoM p3e CTpaH pacrpocTpaHeHa ipaKTHKa CaMOBOJIbHOH py6KH nieCOB, HanpHMep, ,I 3arOTOB-
KH tgpOB Ha 3HMy, a TaloKe B KOMMepqeCKHX 1CJIHX. B TO xe BpeMA, gaxe B cnyiae rpOBegeHHH .neCO3a-
rOToBHTe.nbHbIx pa6oT B COOTBeTCTBHH c iecoycCTpoHTeJIbHbIMH ipoeKTaMm Mo)KeT OTcyTCTBOBaTh npo-
3pa'.HOCTb TpmH qcOpMHpOBaH1H UeH H OpraHM3auHH C6bITa npO,yKuHH. I43BecTHbI TaKHe XaKmbI, KOr-
ga JieCHbie rOXKapbI BO3HHKaIoT H3-3a yMbIl1jieHHbIX nOgxKOrOB, 4To6bI HOJIy4HTb pa3peImeHHe Ha 3aro-
TOBKy ropenoro nieca nO HH3KHM [AeHaM.
2.20.MownHo paCCMOTpeTb cieyiolIHe HaIipaBJIeHHR COTpyJAHHqecTBa:
* OLeHKa o6MeA 3KOHOMH4eCKOHi ueHHOCTH IieCOB Ka3axcTaHa;
* AHajiH3 H pa3pa6OTKa CHCTeM ueHoo6pa3OBaHMM H c6bITa c yqeTOM KOHKpeTHbIX 4pOpM co6CTBeH-
HOCTH, CHCTeM ynpaBnieHHl4 H apeH,1bi (BKnIIoHa5I ropejIbHHKH);
* AHaAH3 HpMlMwH H xapaKTepa He3aKOHHoH geSqTeuIbHOCTH B .IeCHOH OTpaCjiH, pa3pa6OTKa 'eTKHx
peKoMeHa"HA HO no ro,rOTOBKe npOrpaMMbI ripeo6pa3OBaH4H.
r. PeCTpyKTypl43aLA4si CPyHKLAL4M ynpaBneH                J necaMi
2.21 .B CCCP QyHKm 4H yripaBjieHHH IiecaMH i ieCOnOnJb3OBaHHA OTHOCMJHCb K BegeHHio rocygapCTBeHHbIX
opraHoB ynpaBjieHHA niecaMH. B 60JIbIIIMHCTBC CTpaH o6Hq3aHHOC'rb no nepepa6oTKe gpeBeCHHbI ceA-
xac nepe,gaHa qaCTHOMy ceKTopy. KoHTpaKTbl Ha JiecO3arOTOBHTejIbHbIe pa6oTbI H TpaHcrOpTHpOBKY
.neca TaioKe 3aKjnIOalOTCA B pC3yAbTaTe KOHKYPCHbIX ToprOB. BegaeHHe JIeCHoro KajacTpa H bOpMHpO-
BaHHe riiaHOB MepOrIpHMLTHH no yHpaBjieHHlO necaMM B pa3HbIX CTpaHaX opraHH3OBaHO nO-pa3HOMy.
B HeKOTOpbIX CTpaHaX rOCy)japCTBO COXpaHH11O 3Ty QYHKIAHIO 3a Co6oH. 3aumTa neca, BKmIoqaA 3alliH-
Ty OT noxKapa H BpeJgHTeJieA, KaK npaBHMO, OTHecCHa K BegJeHHio rOCy2apCTBeHHbIX OpraHOB (3a MC-



19
KiiiO'-ieHHeM CTpaH, r,je yrpaBjieHHe niecaMH '1aCTHbIMH CTpyKTypaMH MlBJMeTcqI yKOpeHHBlHeAHCH Tpa-
gmHLiHeH). B KoMHTeTe iieCHoro H oXoTHHHbero XO3AkCTBa PecTy6.nHKu Ka3aXcTaH, ero o6.uaCTHbIx H
MeCTHbIX nogpa3geneHHRX B HacToqrniee BpeMq pa6OTaeT oKoJIo 7000 COTpyJHHKOB, Torga KaK B 1990
ro,y B IITaTe KoMHTeTa HacHHTbIBajiOCb 25000 LejiOBeK CAegyeT OTMeTHTb, HTO H3-3a yxygmeCHH  Ka-
4ICTBa nOgrOTOBKH H ieperioArOTOBKH Ka,pOB B KoMHTeTe rOBbIIIueHHA 3(loeKTHBHOCTH ero pa6oTbl
nOKa He rpOH30IImo.
2.22.3a KoMHTeToM JieCHOrO H OXOTHHIberO xo30lHicTBa H pa6OTHHKaMH ero TeppHTOpHaIbHbIX OpraHOB
cjiejyeT OCTaBHTb CJ1eJOgllHe qyHKuHH:
*   Pa3pa6oTKa MeTOaOjiOrHH COCTaBjieHHMA n[iaHOB yrpaBjieHH3I necaMH, paccmOTpeHe H YTBepw)e-
HHe COCTaBj1eHHbIX nnaHOB;
*   OpraHH3awHm AOCcTyna K HHcpOpMauqHOHHbIM CHCTeMaM ynpaBj1eHHA necaMH H y-aCTHe B o6ecne-
MeHHH HX dyHKIIHOHHpOBaHHA.
*   KoHTpo.nb Hag pean H3aIJHeH HJiaHOB BegeHHM nieCHoro xO3.qcTBa, BKjiOo4aI KOHTpOJIb 3a .ieCO3a-
rOTOBHTenJbHbIMH H .ieCOBOCCTaHOBHTCJbHbIMH pa6OTaMH, ecnJH Ha rpOBeeHHe yKa3aHHbIX pa-
60T 3aKmio'leH gaorOBOp rog7p5ga;
*   KOHTpOJIb Hag o6ecue4eHHeM 3allHTbl inecoB;
*   KoHTpo)ib Hag peanJH3aJHeH MepOripH5TH1H no jiecopa3BegeHHIo;
*   OKa3aHHe HepBH4HOA HOggepKKH TeXHOj1orHieCKHM HHHOBaUHAM;
*   Pa3pa6oTKa CTaH,aapTOB CepTHcJHKaumHH ieCHOA npoJIyKUHH, HX aHpo6HpOBaHHe Ha MeCTax;
*   AHJaiH3 H nepecMOTp rpaBHI CO3JAaHHA qaCTHblX iieCHbiX ruiaHTaLHi.
2.23.HOBbIl lecHoH KOgeKC Pecry6jiHKH Ka3aXCTaH (HpHHITblH IieTOM 2003 rogaa) JAOjDxeH o6ecneHHTb
3aKOHOIaTenbHyio 6a3y uAI 6o0nee aKTHBHOrO ylaCTHM HaceJeHHM H 'aCTHOFO ceKTOpa B ynpaBjieHHH
necaMH. B KogeKce riO-HOBOMy pa3rpaHH,4e  HOJIHOMO'HA Ho yHipaBJeIHHIO JiecaMH H jiecoroJib3oBa-
HHIO mexy IieHTpOM H o6jiacTLMH, rocygapCTBeH      H l4aCTHbIM CeKTOpOM:
*   Hepe,gaia 6o0bmieg HaCTH HOJIHOMotmH  Ho ynpaBj1eHHIO niecaMH OT KoMHTeTa .TeCHoro H OXOT-
HHqberO XO3AAcTBa rocyeOapcTBeHHbIM Xecoxo35liCTBeHHblM riperipH5ITHS1M rHi o6flacTHblx opra-
HaX BjiaCTH;
*   YCTaHOBjiCHHe "IaCTHoro IieCHoro OHga", LenJb KOTOpOrO - cHoco6CTBOBaTb CO3'JaHHIO H Bblpa-
IWHBaHHlO HCKYCCTBeHHbIX JIeCOB H 3aUHTHbIX JIeCOHacaxeHHH Ha HpHBaTH3HPOBaHHbIX cejlbC-
KOX03IIACTBeHHbIX 3eMJIqX, TaK KaK HaJ1H4He TaKOrO 3aKOHOgaTCJIbHOrO rOJiO)KeHHL HIO3BOjiHT OT-
HeCTH HOBbie IieCHbIe 3eMJIH K KaTeropH nIeCHoro ,OHJAa, BbIBOQW, TaKHM o6pa3OM, 9TH HeIpo-
XyKTHBHbie "HHqeflHbie" 3eMjiH H3-Oig gefiCTBHM Hajiora Ha HMyleCTBO;
*   OTKa3 OT KpaTKOCpO'4HbIX gOrOBOpOB i1eCOHIOJb3OBaHHA 6e3 npOBegeHHM TOprOB (AoriycKaeTcq
3amKHo,elHHe KOHTpaKTOB CpOKOM Ha 10 H 6o0iee nieT H TOJIbKO Ha KOHKypCHOH OCHOBe);
*   O6M3aTe.nbHoe jH4UeH3HPOBaHHC BCCX (HpM, 3aHHMaiomHxCsq rpoMbiHImeHHOHi 3arOTOBKOHi ,pe-
BeCHHbI.2
2.24.BceMHpHbIli 6aHK Mo)KeT OKa3aTb coleACTBHe nO CO3AaHHIO B [eHTpC H Ha MeCTaX COOTBeTCTByEOuJerO
HOTeHLH1aJIa Ho perIeHHIO yKa3aHHbIX BbIIIIe 3agai. EcinH 6ygeT HpHHAITO pelleHHe o peanIH3malm rH-
JIOTHoro npoeKTa HO BHegpeHHIO MeTOgOB ynpaBjieHHhl iecaMH MeCTHbIM HacenieHHeM H HpegOCTaB-
IeCHIH ripaBa apeHAbl MeCTHbiM KHTeJI5M, TO MeCTHbIM opraHam BJiaCTH HiOTpe6yeTCs riOMOLIb B o6yie-
HHH MeTOLaM rIaHHpOBaHHI. HpH HogrOTOBKe HHIOTHoro ipoeKTa Heo6xfoAMo onpegemiHT o651-
3aHHOCTH TaKHX CJ1y)K6 (COTpyIHHKOB KOMHTeTa iieCHOrO H OXOTHH4berO X03IIPCTBa, MeCTHbIX HOJ-
pH2I4HKOB).
2 IpaBnTeJlbCTBy ciegyeT IIpOqBJ5Th KpaHHIOTO OCTOpO)KHOCTh OTHOCHTeJIbHO uiHueH3MpOBaHMA BCeX BHAOB ReqTej1bHOCTH B
J1eCHOM X03,qflCTBe. Heo6XoAHMo pa3pa6oTaTb rojTo)KeHIl4, AOnyCKMao%e Bb1taqy pa3pemeHHA MecTHbiMH Op'raHaMH BAaCcTH
Ha py6Ky B 1AejmX 3arOTOBKH ApOB H CTpOHTeJlbCTBa JI MeCTHbIX Hy)KI.



20
A;. npaKTm'ecKme 3neMeHTbI yCToLi4MBoro necoynpaBneHisi
Bopb6a c.7ecrnmu noxcapaMu U epedumeJilMu u ux npoufiula1cmuKa
2.25.Bo MHOrHX cTpaHax BoipocaM 6opb6bl c rioKapamMH H BpelAHTeJIJIMH JlecoB ygJeI3eTc3l nOBbImUeHHoe
BHHMaHHe. rloxKapbi 5IBj1IIOTCM OJAHHM H3 KOMHOHeHTOB L\HK)a 3KOCHCTeM, HO 6oJIbmIa5 qaCTb no)Ka-
POB (gio 80 %) B03HHKaeT nO BHHe iejiOBeKa. CpejAHSEi ruioHajb nIeCOB Ka3axcTaHa, exKero,ltHo npoA-
geHHas no)KapaMH, yBeniHqHnaCb c 4 Tblc.ra B 1985-1990 rr. go 20 TbIc.ra B 1996-2000 rr. (He CtIHTa$I
KaTaCTPOqTH4CecKoro yBenj1HqeHHSA rnoiAH IieCHbIx rioKapOB B 1997 rogy go 200 Tmic.ra). 3To JIHIlib
qaCTh4HO Bbl3BaHO paCiHIHpeHHbIM JgOCTYrOM HaceCJeHH31 B nieca, TaK KaK 4HCJIO rO)KaPOB yBeJ1H4HJIOCb
He3HaqHTeJlbHO. riaBHOA ripH4HHOH yBejiHmeHHAI MaCmITa6OB H rOBbIiueHHH CTereHH OHaCHOCTH nec-
HbIX no)KapOB (Te. njioHa,LiH rope.bHHKOB) qBmIeITCq HeCBoeBpeMeHHoe o6HapyweHHe oqarOB B03rO-
paHHSA H HX TymIleHHe; CHH)KeHHe 3x"eKTHBHOCTH 3TOHi pa6oTbi o6yc.noBaeHo HeJOqHHaHCHpOBaHH-
eM. Kpome Toro, pa6oTHHKH qepmepcKHx X0331ACTB, 3eMjiH KOTOpbIX npHJIeraKOT K .JeCHbIM MaCCHBaM,
npaKTHKyioT CeJbCKoXo3.HqCTBeHHbie najibi pacTHTeIbHoro HOKPOBa, B npoiuecce KOTOpbIX orOHb oqeHb
HaCTO nepeKH,AbIBaeTCq H Ha nieca. BiogxeTHbie paCXOJAbI Ha MepOrpH.ITHmi no 60pb6e c ro2KapaMH H
BpeJHTeLBMH InecOB CHHmKeHbI, H Tenepb Heo6XoAHMMo nepeHecTH [LeHTP TSDKCCTH B pacxoiRax c TyflCe-
HHJI noxKapoB HIH roJIaBj1eHHSA BClbIllueK paCrPOCTpaHeHHA BpegHTeffeA Ha 4pHHaHCHPOBaHHAI Me-
pOHpHMTHH no npe yrpex,eHHio HO)KaPOB H HpOCBeCigeHHIO meCTHOrO HaceIieHHsA, '4To gaeT ropa3ao
60nbmlHH 3KOHOMHieCKHA 344eKT. KpoMe TOrO - H 3TO CaMbIM HeriOCpe,CTBeHHbIM o6pa3OM CB5I3a-
HO C BOrpOCaMH 6ioDXKeTa, QHHaHCHpOBaHHA H MeTOJAOB yripaBjeHH5I - He HcKIoOqeHHo, qTO B HeKOTO-
pbiX cipyiahx .neca nO,xKHraiOTCq CreLUHaJbHO, lqTo6bi o6oATH 3anpeT Ha py6Kii B 3JgOpOBbiX .necax. B
HacTo0EEee BpeM5I JAOryCKaEoTcC caHHTapHbIe py6KH iieca, nocTpagaBruero OT no)Kapa, no OieHb HH3-
KOHi rOreHHOi HrinaTe, H TaKHe ,gePCTBH5I MOryT 6blTb BeCbMa npHBJIeKaTeCJbHbIM HCTOIHHKOM ,oxojqa.
floxKapbi H Bpe,HTeJiH rpe,JCTaBJLIOT riiaBHyio npo6.ueMy Ha ceBepe H CeBepo-BOCTOKe CTpaHbl, oco-
6eHHo B peniHKTOBbLx 6opax HlpHHpTiubH, rgie B 1997 r. OT noxKapOB CHnbHO noc-rpagano 6oAee 1 00 Tmi-
c.ra iiecoB. flocne y<a3aHHbIX nOaKaPOB 3aMeTHO yBeCjiH4qHRHCb r7UOllAaaH IieCOB, ropaeKHHbIx .ieCHbi-
MH BpeTaHTeJMMH, H MaCMTa6bI 6eCKOHTpOAbHblX "CaHHTapHbIX BbIpy6oK .
2.26.B03Mo)KHi,e pemeHHJx npo6.neM KOHKpeTHbIX TeppHTOpHH1 moryr BK.iEOqaTb pa3HbIe HOrXOgbI - KaK
ynpaBjieHtqecKHe, TaK H TeXHHqecKHe.
(a) Memoai ynpaeuenuq 3,71 oxpanbi iecoe om noxcapoB U 3au(umbu om 6peiumweau
*   Pa3pa6oTKa H anpo6HpoBaHHe B BbI6paHHbIx paHioHax 1/HJIH HacenieHHbix nyHKTax KoMrmeKCHbIX
LTInaHOB qpe3BbrqaAHbIX MeponpHSImHT no 60pb6e c noxKapaMH H JIeCHbIMH BpegHTeJIMMH, a TaiOKe no
ynpaBJIeHHIo pHCKaMH. YKa3aHHbie ruiaHbI JgOnJKHbI rOTOBHThCSI C yqeTOM o6UAerOCygapCTBeHHbIX H
perHOHaSJbHbIX npHOpHTeTOB;
*   C03jaaHHe 3¢("eKTHBHbIX MeXaHH3MOB (pHHaHCHpOBaHHI H HOpMaTHBHOrO perYnHPOBaHH31 ,vU pea-
JIH3[aHH yKa3aHHbIX ruiaHOB MepoHpHMiThP Ha Me?KBegoMCTBeHHOfi OCHOBe C y4acTHiM opraHOB yn-
paBj1eHHH pa3HOIO ypOBHSI;
*   YCHJ1eHHe pa3¶b3CHHTeRbHOA H HpoCBeTHTenbCKoA pa6OTbI c MeCTHbIM HacenieHHeM H jieconOJIb3OBa-
TeJIiIMH no BOnpOCaM rio)KapHoA 6e3oniaCHOCTH (06,bqBlleHHRI nO Pa,HO H TeJIeBHfeHHIO, iy6jiHKaqHH,
peKJlaMHbie HIHTbI, BKJIiOqeHHie gaHHOrO BOlIpOCa B IKOJ1bHyEO ilpOrpaMMy);
*   rlepecMoTp npaBHn CaHHTapHblX py6oK nIecOB C LJeibIO JIHKBH,lgHpOBaTh rpeBpaTHyio 3KOHOMHtIeCKyiO
3aHHTepeCOBaHHOCTb B yBeJIHieHHH riloiLAaglH rOpCJlbHHKOB (WTO BegeT K rpegHamepeHHbiM rOiA(O-
raM);
*   BKiiioqeHHe 6a3oBoro noJIeBorO HCCJiegOBaHH5A H KapTOrpaqHpOBaHHR yCJIOBHH1 (pHCKOB) paCripOCT-
paHeHHA rIO)KapOB H BpeCHTuefIi B COCTaB perynsPHbIX pa6oT no 1iecoycTpoACTBy H ruiaHHpOBaHHIO
BeAeHH54 .ieCHoro X03,IHCTBa;



21
*   YKperuieHHe HOqpa3AeJ1eHHH, crioco6HblX BeCTH HHTerpHpOBaHHbIH MOHHTOpHHr H lpeAylpeeHHe
paCupOCTpaHeHHx ceJIbCKOX033HicTBeHHbIX H hiiCHbIX BpeCHTeJieH;
*   OpraHH3aiLH5 cnieIHaJ1H3HpOBaHHOro o6y4eHHH MeTOgaM 3KOHOMHMecKOro CTHMYJIHpOBaHHH yac-
Tmu MeCTHbIX 4)epMepOB B COBMeCTHbIX MeOHpoHpTH51X no 6opb6e c nomKapaMH H 11eCHbIMH BpeJHTe-
MMH - 1H60 riyreM 3aKJIOoqeHHA C HHMH Xo3Ar0OBOpOB Ha ripOBegeHHe yKa3aHHbIX MeponlpHATHH,
11H60 qepe3 BKAIOteHHe COOTBeTCTBY1UoerO ny6nHIwHoro cepBHTyTa (o6uAecTBeHHoro o6peMeHeHHA)
B YCJIOBH1 AOrOBOpOB Kyn11H-lpOgaAU4 y"aCTKOB CeJlbCKOX035ACTBeHHbIX 3eMejib, HpHMbIKalOUHX K
IieCHOMY qOH,y;
*   OpraHH3aLHw o6yqeHHu .ieCHHKOB H CepmepOB MeTOJaM TeKyuero o6Hapy)KeHHw H 4AOKyMeHTHpOBa-
HUH BCHblieUK BpeCHTeJIeH;
*   3amioweHHe KOHTpaKTOB Ha npoBeAeHHe oripeHAneHHbIx ripOTHBOHO)KapHbIX MepOHpHsTHHi C MyHH-
UHHnabHbIMH Hii4H MaCTHbIMH MeXaHH3HpOBaHHbIMH HpefrIpH5ITHLMH.
(6) TexuuulecKue nodxoObi K 6opb6e c no.capaMu u qpedumemAMu meca
*   YKpenrneHHe CHCTeM H1pOrH03HpOBaHHm rioro0bi H KIiHMaTa, ripOrHO3HpOBaHHA, MOHHTOpHHra, BbIIB-
J1eHHH H paHHero ripewyripexKLeHHA rio)KapoB (pagHOCBH3b, riHoKapHble BblIIIKH, iierKaA aBHa[HI, o6Ha-
pyKeHHe oqarOB nowKapa HpH H0Mo0Hji CHyrHHKOB);
*   YJIyqiieCHHe opraHH3ailHH aBHaLHOHHbIX H Ha3eMHbIX rio)KapHbIX CJIyA6 H CJIy)K6 6bicTrporo pearHpo-
BaHHS, BKJIIOqa3 C03gaHHe Mo6HAbHbIX io)KapHbIX rpynr;
*   Pa6oTbM  O BOCCTaHOBjeHH1O H cogeffaK2HHo riOTHBoroa(Hbix roJIocH 4OriAbe3gHblX Aopor;
*   060pyAoBaHHe ripHAOpO)HbIX MeCT OTgbiXa B [enLX OrpaHHqeHHA HeHY)KHbiX riOCeHeHHA J11OAbMH
rpH,opopiHbix yqaCTKOB nieca;
*   Pa3pa6oTKa H peaJIH3alHH riporpamm KOHTpOM5 HaA COCTOSHHeM iieCHoro ropIOMero maTepHala (BK1lIO-
4aH ripaBHAa H TeXHHMeCKHe periiameHTml HO HpOBeJeHH10 KOHTpOJ1HpyeMbIX rnaJIOB Aim CKHFraHHm
fiopy6OMHbIX OCTaTKOB H paCXHCTKH rOpeJIbHHKOB, YHHLqTO)KeHHA cyxoro TpaBqHoro HOKpOBsa no ne-
pmeTpy .neCHbIX y"aCTKOB);
*   YKperuieHHHe CHCTeM npOIH03a H MOHHTOpHHra iieCHbIX BpeJwTeileH gepe3 yCHmIeHHe B3aHMOJe1CTBHA
C 3HTOMOj1OrHMeCKHMH Jia6opaTOpHAMH YHHBepCHTeTOB H HHCTHTYTOB Ha o6JIaCTHOM HJIH perHOHaJIb-
HOM ypOBHe, 3aK11aAKY CeTH lIOCTOqHHbIX rJIOllUaOK MOHHTOpHHra JieCHbIX BpeJHTe11eHi B KmllOXeBbIX
iieCHbIX paHOHax);
*   YlytimieHHe CHCTeM npeMmpeAeHH4 H YHHqTO?KeHHM BpeCHTe1iei (cperCTBa 11a6opaTOpHOrO KOHT-
pOMIA BpeAHTejieA, Me)KpaAOHHbie roapueneHHA no KoMruieKCHOA 60pb6e c JIecHbIMH BpeJHTe. MH,
C03gaHHe KapaHTHHHbIX KOHTpOJIbHbIX rIOCTOB B riOpaxeHHbIX paHOHaX);
*   qHHaHCHpOBaHHm HipHKJIaAHbIX HCcjeCOBaHHH H pa3pa6OTOK HO MCTOAaM KoMHJIeKCHoH 60pb6bl C
iieCHbIMH BpegHTeJuMH.
Jleco6occmanoeuenue, iecopa3gedeeue u 3ecrn,e nwzanmatiuu
2.27JIeCoBOCCTaHoBJIeHHte Bcerja 6buIo OAHHM 1H3 3JiiMeHTOB JIiCHOrO X03,HfiCTBa, KaK B niecax,, rpelHa3Ha-
ICHHbIX AIM ripOMbillii1eHHOFO HlpOH3BOACTBa gpeBeCHHbl, TaK H B 3MumHTHbiX nIecoHacxWeHHwx. Ha
TeppHTOpHH qepMepCKHx Xo35HfiCTB, a B rociieAHee BpeMI H Ha gHe BbiCOXmnerO ApaJlbCKoro MOp3,
BbICa)KeHO B KaMeCTBe 3all14HTHblX JiecOHaCaAqeHHH H iieconoca,gOK OKOJIO I MIH. ra (tqTo cocTaBlmeT
9% BceA JiecorioKpbiTo1i ruiouaAi3H Ka3axcTaHa). 3a HociieAHHe 10 ineT o6ieMbi JieconocaJOK 3aMeTHo
COKpaTHIIHCb. MeToAbi o6JieceHSIA, yHacjie1OBaHHbie 13 1970-x, KpaHHe He3q*eKTHBHbI B HCnOJlb3O-
BaHHH caXceHTeB (qpe3MepHa3 rycTOTa rocaAoK, HH3KaA HpHMHBaeMOCTb). Ha ceBepo-BocToKe cTpa-
Hbl HeO6xOqHMO anppO6HpOBaTh H BHeCpHTh ajibTepHaTHBHbie, meHee AoporocTo3ui]He MeTogbi o6jie-
ceHHA c npeo6flagaiaoiHM HCnonJb3OBaHHeM 6o0nee KaqecTBeHHbIX caxceHueB (3aKpblmTle KOpHeBbIe
CHCTeMbL) H 60oAbmUHM HpHBJIeieHHeM pyqHoro Tpyga mecTHorO HaCeIeHHm llpH BblIHOTIHeHHH pa6OT



28
3aCyXH, 4aCTO COfIpOBOXKaeMbie CYXHMH BeTpaMH, H, CJIe,OBaTenbHo, rbLTIbHbIMH 6ypAMH. TaKOH1 3a-
CylIIUHBbIH KnHMaT HpOBOJHT K rpeo6Jna,aHHio HyCTbIHHbIX H rONyInYCTbIHHbIX 3KOCHCTeM H Tpe6yeT
HCKyCCTBeHHOrO opoliuHHH o6pa6aTbIBaeMbix 3eMenIb H11 3KCTeHCHBHbIX CHCTeM 6orapHoro 3eMjle-
,7ejIHs "HH3KHX BBO,HMbIX peCypCOB - HH3KOrO BbIXOgsa ripojlK[HH". B nIeTHHH nepHoA (HlOHb-OK-
Tsl6pb) pe3KO rOBbIIIIaeTCH ro)KapooraCHOCTb, 14 oTmeqaeaTcq 6o0IbmHoe HHCJIO HH3OBbIX H BepXOBbIX
nieCHbIX nO)KapOB.
3.7 JlaHaiima$Tbl.ECTeCTBeHHaA paCTHTeIbHOCTb Ha paBHHHaX pacnpegeimerC1 B COOTBeTCTBHH c reorpa-
pH,1eCKoA fUHPOTOH npHHpOHbIX 30H. CeBepHble paBHHHbI, xapaKTepa3yioniHec3 6o0ee BbICOKHM ypOB-
HeM CpeJHeroAOBbIX OCaA,KOB (300-400MM), BKlioialOT nieCocTenHyIO 30Hy c rIOAOpOqHbIMH HepHO-
3eMaMH H nepexo,AT B 3anajiHo-CH6HpcKy1O HH3MeHHOCTb B POCCHH. lo Mepe coKparIIeHHM OCa,qKOB
FO ypOBH1 MeeHee 300 MM B IO)KHOM HaripaBj1eHHH H3MeHIIOTC5 eCTecTBeHHbLe 3KoCHCTeMbl, repexo,H
B ceBepHbie (lyroBble) CTenH H 3aTeM B KTiaccH'i4ecKHe (KoBbI.abHble) CTerH, cMeHS31Cb flOxynyCTbiH5LMH
H, HaKOHeu, HOJIbIHHbIMH H 34)eMepHbIMH iIyCTbIHqMH, KOTOpbIe gaiiee rpOCTH1paEOTCq Ha TeppH4TOpHH
Y36eKHCTaHa H TypKMeHHCTaHa (CM. KapTy 1). TaKaA riOCJie,OBaTeJIbHOCTb ripHpOqHbiX AaHJgHla4TOB
IOJIHOCTbIO H3MeHieTc5I, rpeBparaACb B BepTHKJaRbHYIO 3OHaJ1bHOCTb - ,BHraACb BBepX OT HlyCTblHb K
CTenHSM, K J1HCTBeHHbIM H XBOHiHbIM .iecaM H HHOrgJa K aIbrHHACKHM TyTaM B ropax, OKafiMJIlOHi4x
CTpaHy Ha BOCTOKe (A.ITaA, Cayp-Tap6araTag), loro-BOCTOKe (JIwyHrap-AinaTay, CeBepHbiH THHb-HUaHb)
H Ha iore (3aragLwHbni THHb-lHaHb).
3.8 JlecHoe 6Hopa3Hoo6pa3He. B HaCTORWee BpeMq Ka3aXCTaHCKall cniopa HaC4HTbIBaeT 68 BHAOB qepe-
BbeB, 266 BHgOB KyCTapHHKOB, 433 BH,ga ManbiX KyCTapHHKOB, rOJ1KYCTapHHKOB H HOjiyTpaB, 2598
BHMOB MHOro0jeTHHX TpaB H 849 BHJa0B O,HOneTHHX TpaB. TaKoe 6i4opa3Hoo6pa3ie npegacTaBjieHo
MHOrHMH YHHKaJIbHbIMH BH,aMH cpJIOpbl H IBjineTCq pO14HHO fejioro psija pacrpOCTpaHeHHbIX
BHAOB, HarpHMep, OpeXOBbIX H rIJIOJOBbIX gepeBbeB (BKTlioaH q6.loHIo). PerHoH qBjiCeTCq MeCTOM
o6HTaHH4H 835 BH,OB HO3BOHO4lHbIX, B TOM qHcjie pbi6, aMqpH6HH, peflTH4JIHH, rITHL H MjieKorHTalo-
IIHX. B iiecax Ka3aXcTaHa J1pOH3paCTalOT TaKiHe BHAbI XBOHHbIX j,epeBbeB, KaK COCHa o6blKHOBeHHaq
(Pinus silvestris), enIb UpeHKa (Picea Schrenkiana), enJb CH6HpCKaq (Picea obovata), rHXTa CH6HpC-
Kasi (Abies sibirica), AHCTBeHHHi4a CH6HpCKaq (Larix sibirica), Kegap (Pinus sibirica), MoAKceBeJIbHHK
gpeBOBHAHbIH - apqa rOJIylUapOBH1,Haq (Juniperus semiglobosa) H 3epaBaLaHcKaq( Uuniperus
seravscanica); H3 MHrKoJIHCTBeHHbIx - 6epe3a rOBHCJIa5 (Betula verricosa), OCHHa (Populus tremula),
ToHOhIb 4epHbIH (Populus nigra), vypaHra pa3HOJIHCTHaSI (Populus diversifolia), onbxa ,4epHaq (Alnus
glutinosa), CceHb npHpenlHbIH (Fraxinus sogdiana); H3 TBep,OjIHCTBeHHbIX - Ay6 1epemh{aTbIft
(Quercus robur), BK3 flepHCToBeTBHCTblH (Ulmus pinnato-ramosa), nIox y3KO.nHCTHbIfI (Elaeagnus
angustifolia), caKcayJI tiepHbIA (Haloxylon aphyllum), caKcayn 6eJIbIf (Haloxylon persicum); H3 KyC-
TapHHKOB - MoK,)KeBeAbHHK cH6HpCKHfH (juniperus sibirica), TaBojnra OCTpOjIHCTHaq (Spiraea
acutifolia), IIHriOBHHK (Rosa canina), aKaujiu KenJTaq5 (Caragana arboresscens), aKatH5i necHaHaq
(Ammodendron argenteum), rpe6eHIw'HK (Tamarix). TBepLO,peBeCHbie PaCTeHH4 3aHHMaIOT 61,8%
.)ecHoI4 TeppHTOPHH (oKon1o 7 MJIH. ra), XBOHHbIli nec - 15,5% (B OCHOBHOM CTpoeBoH) H KyCTapHH-
KH - 22,7%. B XBOIIHbIX necax npeo6iiagaloT COCHOBbie H 1HXTOBble gpeBOCTOH, B M3irKOjiHCTBeHHbIX
niecax - 6epe3a H OCHHa, B TBepAOJI1HCTBeHHbIX nIecax - CaKCayJIbHHKH, 3aHHMalOllHe rIO4TH IOJIOBH-
Hy HOKpbITOH .iecoM rijnoWlagiH.
3.9 06nA4f 3anac neca Ha KOpHIO COCTaBJIqeT 383, 67 MJIH. Ky6oMerpoB, BKMiOaMH XBOHHbIl ec - 236, 6
MJIH. Ky6oMeTpoB (61.7%); M3FlKOJIHCTBeHHbiI nec - 123,9 MAn. Ky6oMeTpoB (32.3%); caKCaynjbHHKH -
10,4 MJIH. Ky6oMeTpoB (2.6%); KyCTapHHKH - 8,5 MAn. Ky6oMeTpoB (2.2%). Cne31ble H riepeCTOfiHbie
iieca COCTaBJIAIOT 29% OT o6iuero 3anaca neca Ha KOpHio. Han6oRee BbICOKHfi HnO1UCHT .TecCHCTOCTH
OTMeXaeTCA B )KaM6blJICKOH 06J3aCTH (16%), a CaMbI1H HH3KHfI B AKTIO6HHCKOf1 H ATbipaycKofl o631acT5x
(no 0,1 %). JlaH,iuacdT H iieCHOC IIOKpbITHe xapaKTCpH3ylOTcq 6oJbmHM pa3Hoo6pa3HeM gaKe B npegae-
niax OAHOi4 rHppOqHOI 3OHbl.



29
3.10 BHAbI yroqg .necHoro QoHga. HIo COcTOqHHI0 Ha 1 qHBapq 2002 roja, no ocPHuHaIbHbIM gaHHbIM, o6mam
rLiouagb niecHoro qoH-a (3eMenIbHbIe yqacTKn, BbIgeIHeMbIe  m  eieieie iiecHoro Xo33igCTBa Hmn oKpy-
)KeHHbIe nIecaMH) cocTaBHna B Ka3axcTaHe 26,1 MIIH. ra. 29% 3TOP TeppHTopHH (7,6 MJIH. ra) npegcTaBM-
IOT HeJIeCHbIe 3eMeJIbHbie yrOIgb5, B 4acTHocTH, riacT6HHa, ce.nbxo3yrogbI, BogoeMbI, necKn, goporn H Ti.H
(CM. PHC. 3.1). JIecHbIe yrogb3i (18,4 MInH. ra) BKjiilOaIoT 11,5 MJIH. ra yrojiHH, rioKpbThbIX IiecoM, H JiaH-
TaLiHH, a TaioKe 6,9 MJIH. ra, He rOKpbiTblX IieCoM, HanpMmep, BbIpy6KH, rapH, nporamHHbI, pegHHbI.
PHc. 3.1. KaTeropHH 3eMenA (yroAnH) iieCHoIo 4oHga (2002 r.)
% 1%    9%                                           E EcTecTBeHHble neca
Il WC  lll                  HCKYCCTBeHHbie neca
19%_ l                                                          l | | s40% L PeAl4HbI
_l rapH H Bbipy6KH
_  nporarnHHbI
_  Ce.bxo3yrOgbq
* BoRbi
rEl FlecKai
2%             15%                 4%                  * flpoqiHe 3eMjnH
3.11 B 1993 rogy (pamTHqecmi BeCb JieCHOH (POHA B Ka3axcraHe (96.9%) 6buI oTHeceH K TaK Ha3bIBaeMog I rpynne
JIecoB, KOTOpa5l BbIflOJIHHeT flpeHMyHmecTBeHHo BogooxpaHHbIe, 3alHTHbIe, CaHHTapHO-rHrHeHHqeCKHe H
O3AOPOBHTenjbHbIe 4yHKLWH. K .IecaM I rpynnib TaioKe OTHOCHJIHCb nieca 3aHoBeTHHKoB, HaLMHOHaIbHbIX
napKoB, 3aHOBeAHbIX iieCHbIX y4aCrKoB, iieca, HMeilowe HayqHoe H HCTOpHqeCKOe 3HaqeHie. TOJTbKO 3,1%
Ka3aXcUaHCKOFO uiecHoro cpoHga (0,81 MJIH. ra B BocTo'qHo-Ka3aXcraHcKo0 o6inacT) 6bum oTHeceHbI KO II
rpynne IieCOB, KOTOpbIe HMeJIH OipaHHiCHHOe 3KCHJlyaTaLUHOHHOe 3HaqeHHe. HOBbMI JleCHOH KogeKc 2003
roja He rpegyCMaTPHBaeT geieHHM .ieCHbIX yrogHH Ha rpyrirbI H u-OTHOC1HT Bce neca K 3aHTHbIM.
CiegyeT oco6o OTMeTHTb fIOJIO)KHTejIbHYIO TeHAeHqLHlO B yCHueIHHH CTaTyCa IieCOB, TaK KaK eie B 1984
rogy JieCHOI 4oHg Ka3aXcTaHa HMeJI B CBoeM COCTaBe TpH rpynnIb IieCOB:
I rpyrnna - 18,5 M1IH. ra;
II rpynna - 0,6MAH. ra;
III rpynna - 1,5 M1IH. ra.
3.12 3anAH'THbIe iieca gaiiee roqpa3gemlOTC3 Ha 19 KaTeropHI 3aMHlTHoCTH, o6,begHHeHHbIx B 3 rpyrini
KaTeropIH, HCXOiI 143 BbIHOJIHMCMOHi HMH OCHOBHOH 4JyHKIHH (BOJO-oxpaHHaI, caHHTapHO-rHrHe-
HHHeCKa3I, IpHpOAHbIH pe3epBaT H TJi), ripH pa3HblX npipogooxpaHHbX pexKHMax orpaHHqeHHR nie-
corIOJIb3OBaHHI (CM. PHc. 3.2). B fej1OM, TaKH4e pewKHMbI orpaHiHqeHMs JIHMHTHpyIOT njioLgagb KoMMep-
qeCKoro HCnOJIb3OBaHHH .TeCHorO 3anaca Ha KOpHIO go 4,17 MJIH. ra (H1IH 36.5%).
PHC. 3.2. PaciipegenieHHe .'ecHux yroAHR nO icaTeropHiM 3al4HTHoCTH (2002 r.)
12,2%           3,1%                                3aMHTHbie
0     _    _ _%                           _ _* BOAOOXpaHHbie
2,7%                                                        El CaHiwTapHo-rHri4eHHiecKine
H o3AO OBHTe]IbHbie
_l Jleca oco6o oxpaHeAmbix
TeppHTOPIH
* Jleca II rpyrflfbI orpaHHMeHHo0
3KCnnlYaTalIHH
81,3%



30
PHC. 3.3. CoBeTcKIaN IaCCHbHKagHm iieCOB no HX iepBHqHOA @YHNcHH (1988 r.)
/  npynna 3 - npemMyliecTB.
100% -
< 90% -  /                             *           C1 rpynna 2 - orpaHwlqeBHoe
z 80% ~ //                               =           31<KCHyaTaLIHOHHOe 3HaieHHe
S 70%                     518,15            686       *PYrHI 1 - 3allHTHbIe
60%                                                M (H3 KOTOPbIX - aKormqecKH
3 50% -  /                             *             MyBCTBHTeJIbHbie 3aMllTHbie
T4Ieca: COCHOBbiC 60Pbl,
4s: 30% -___                 _ //_ 58,28_ * 2926epe3oBblC nepeJiecKH,
3 30%0                                                  CTerHbie H nYCTblHHble nieca,
20%                    123Tn.)
10%                    (13,62) -
0%I
CCCP            Ka3axcTaH
IembipeJeCUbix 301bl
3.13 CeBepHa3i nIecoCTenHa5I 3oHa. B niecOCTenHOH 3OHe (KocTaHakcKas1, AKMonIHHCKa5, naBJ1ogapcKas 14
CeBepo-Ka3aXcTaHcKaA o6nacTM) HaXOAHTCq 9,8% niecHoro   oMHAa CTpaHbI Ho ruIola,AH H 36,6% no
3anacy. 3TO, B OCHOBHOM, COCHOBbie H 6epe3oBble KOJIKH BblIieHa3BaHHbIX o6JiaCTeg.
3.14 CocHoBble .TeHTOHHbie 6opbl 3ana,Hoi  CH6HpH H Ka3aXcTaHa pacrloJIo*KeHbI B CTerMX Mmewype4bm
HpTbIlua H 06H4. ,JHHHbIe H y3KIe .econojiocbI ipOH34paCTalOT 3JaCCb B neC4aHoi nO'Be H, KaK ipaBH-
n1o, rpegCCTaBJSIIOT co6og qHCTbIC COCHOBble peAKoJIeCb3I, OCHOBHbIM BH,AOM KOTOpbIX IBjiAeTCI COCHa
o6blKHoBeHHaI1 (Pinus sylvestris). BOJIbIIIHHCTBO TaKHX 1ieCOB Bblpy6AeHO H 3acaXKeHO BHOBb B 1960-e
ro,gbi. Jleca BbIHOJIH5HOT BaiKHy10 BogiooXpaHHyIO H HoqBO3a2HHTHYIO ()YHKLIHIO B ceIbCKoxo3,qgCTBeH-
HOM ceKTope, a TaioKe 3alHlaIOT 3eMJIH H ropojRa OT (4OJpMHpOBaHHH 6apxaHoB H HecHaHbIX HaHOCOB.
Jleca TaKoKe HMelOT 6o11bImoe peKpeaLiHOHHOe 3HaqeHHe H IBJMIOTCI OCHOBHbIM HCTOqHHKOM JgpeBec-
HOrO MaTepHaIa B perHoHe. HIpH 3TOM OHH XapaKTepH3YIOTC31 BbICOKHM pHCKOM ro)KapoB, H 3a nocnie-
JAHHe ,geC5Tb jieT 3HaqHTeCIbHaq HaCTb IeCoB BbIropenia H HOgBeprniaCb He3aKOHHO9 py6Ke. flocne KaTa-
CTpopHqecKHx noroapoB 1997-98 rr. .neca ro,qBeprniHCb MaCImITa6HOA, B OCHOBHOM, HecaHKIWHOHHpO-
BaHHOA, BbIpy6Ke rio, ripe,oroM CaHHTapHbIX py6OK.
3.15 OcTpoBHbIe neca B KocraHaHcKoA o6Aacn - KaK 3e;JeHbIe OCTpOBKH - pacro.raraloTcM cpeJIH o6IIHpHbIX
6emnecHblx ruiowagefi Ha paBHHHHO  MeCTHOCTH. OHH BKTllOialOT 6epe3oBbie KOJIKH Ha ceBepe, .IeCHbIe
OCTpOBKH Ha ceBepo-3ara,ge, COCHOBbie KOJIKH Ha XOJIMHCTbIX paBHHHax. TaKHe nieca nopepraioTcmq onac-
HOCTH HacTbix no)KapOB. flOMHMO 6epe3, TaioKe pacryr B He6ojibmuoM KOjiHCCTBe OCHHbI H COCHbI B CyxHx
XOjiMHCTbIX MecTax. Bepe3oBbie KOJIKH ABjIAiOTC3i eCTeCTBeHHbIMH HaKOHHTeimiMH BwnariHH HrpaiOT BaxHi1
POJIb B jecoMeCjHopaLHH H 3alHTe CeIbCKoXo35IiCTBeHHbIx KY;IbTyp OT KapKHx BCTJpOB H fCicaHbIx 6ypb.
3.16 FOPHbIC nieca. TOpHbIe nieca pacnoHoOKeHbl B paloHax AJITaq H Caypa, A)KyHrapCKoro AaaTay H TsHb-
lHaHA. B A.ITaHicKHx ropHbiX pafioHax paCTeT eJb, nHxTa, JIlHCTBeHHHUa, Kegp, CocHa, 6epe3a, OCHna.
Kegap paCTeT B BepXHeCi 4aCTH XOJIMOB, KOTOpbIe HHmKe rOKpbITbI .JIHCTBeHHHUICH, riHXTaMH H CeJiSMH.
COCHbI ipOH3paCTalOT Ha OTporax KanH6aHcKoro xpe6Ta H TaKoKe B JOJIHHax peKH YJIb6bl H Y6bI. XBOH-
HbIe nieca, KaK rpaBHJIO, HpOH3paCTalOT Ha CeBepHbIX CKJIOHax, a iO)KHbIC CK;IOHbI, B OCHOBHOM, HOKpbI-
Tbl KyCTapHHKOM. AATagcKHe .neca MHOrHe rOgZbl HHTeHCHBHO Bblpy6aIHCb, H Bblpy611eHHble yqaCTKH
3aTeM HOKpbIBa;JHCb TpaBaMH, KYCTapHHKOM H 6epe3oBbIMH IiecaMH. CeBepHbie CKJIOHbI ,$CyHrapcKoro
AnaTay [IOKpbITbI LueHTpaAbHO-a3HaTCKHMH HOpO,aMH (TAHb-imaHcKaAI eIlb, AHKaA M6JIoHq CHBepca).
3TOT perHOH rpaHHqHT C CCTCCTBeHHOH CpeLgOHI HPOH3P2CTaHHM CeBepHbIX H UCHTPaJbHO-a3HaTCKHX
RecoB. HIo 3TOfl npHMTHHe 3,qeCb TaioKe ripo3pacMaeT rHXTa CH6HpCKaA. CxeMa pacripeCJeieHHm IiecOB
OTpaxKaCT BepTHK2KbHOe 3OHHpOBaHHe: pacrono)KeH    e HHiKC yqaCTKH rIOKpbITbI KyCTapHHKOM, Ha



31
6oniee BbICOKHX yaacTKax npOH3pacTalOT I6.noH3I, OCHHa, 6epe3a; B Cpe,uHei 3OHe HMeIOTCq XBOf4HbIe H
JIHCTBeHHbIe nleca; B CaMbIX BbICOKHX 3OHaX - XBOAHbIe iieca repexO,uT B Mo)oKeBejiOBbIe CTIaHHKH.
3.17 B niecax CeBepHoro TAHb-tHaHq TaK?Ke Ha6mo,AaeTcsI BbICOTHa5 3OHanbHOCTb, B oco6eHHOCTH Ha ce-
BepHbIX CKJIOHax. KyCTapHHKH B npeAropbqx CMeHqIOTC5q q6AOHeBbIMH H a6pHKOCOBbIMH ,gepeBb5MMH,
3aTeM R1HCTBeHHbIMH inecamm. Ha BbICOTe 1 300M JIHCTBeHHbIe gaepeBbA repeMewKaioTcI C TIHbmuaHbC-
KOH eJIblO, a Ha BbICoTe 1 500M H BbIuIe go 2800M pacTyT qwcmIe enJOBbIe rUaHTai4HH. EJIM B BepXHeH
3OHe ycTynaioT MeCTO Mo)KKeBenJbHHKY, 32TeM riepeXO,5T B aJIbnHHCKHe niyra. TsIHbImIaHbcKHe en,H
BOccTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH C Tpy,OM.
3.18 TqIHblUaHbcKHe enH He npOH3paCTalOT B pafoHe 3anaraHoro THHb-lUaHm. AhJIHHbI H yllAenjb  5Il3BJIqIOTC
MeCTOM HpOH3paCTaHHA iieCHbIX nopo, 6jioHeBoro H QHCTaImKOBOrO gepeBa, a6pHKoca, BHIIIHH, o6-
JierHxH, CMOpO,AHHbI, e)KeBHKH, 6ap6apHca, A>HMOJIOCTH, imHOBHHKa H MHmmHgai5. Ha BbICOTe 2000-
3000 M IH1pOKO pacnpocTpaHeHbl HaCa)4eHHM ap,1 3epaBIIJaHCKOAH H1 nOJyIapOBHAHOH, cTeJnOMllHe-
C5I (pOpMbI apqH TypKeCTaHCKOA.
3.19 HyCTbIHHbIe CaKCay;JbHbIe iieca. B 3TOM cniy4ae naHJgma(pTbI xapaKTep43ytOTCq xiepHbIM caKcayJIoM
(Haloxylon aphyllum), 6eJIbIM caKcayniom (Haloxylon persicum), xKy3ryHOM (Calligonum arborescens),
TaMapHCKOM (Tamarix ramosissima Ldb., Tamarix gallica), IIHHHnjieM (Halimodendron halodendron (L)
Voss.), nec4aHoA aKauHeP (Ammodendron Fish. ex. DC) H )KaHTaKOM (Alhagi pseudalhagi). CaKcayji H
TaMapHCK - OCHOBHbIe 3J1eMeHTbI jieCHOA PaCTHTenjbHOCTH B 3OHe HYCTbIHH H rOJyHyCTbIHH. fyCTbIH-
Hbie KYCTapHHKH npeCTaBneHbI TaMapHCKOM, recqaHoH aKamHefi, XKy3ryHoM H 1HH4HJneM. CaKcay.nb-
HbIe iieca TpaJAHIiwOHHO HCIOJIb3ylOTCH KaK naCT6Hla H o6eCnemHBalOT TeHeBylO 3aMIHTY ,JII CKOTa; B
TO XKe BpMem CaKCayJIbHHK - BaxKHbIA H HHorga egHHCTBCHHbIP HCTOHH1K TorUiHBHoro MaTepHaiia.
3.20 HaCT6HmIlHbIe yOiobx. B TO BpeMA KaK CaKCayJlbHbI niieca HBJIAIOTCA COCTaBHOA iaCTbIO 1O)KHbIX raCT-
6HnIHbIX yrOJAHH, Ha ceBepO-3araJge OrpOMHbIe naCT6HIHbIe Hj1olla,mH nepemeiKaloTc1 J1eCHbIMH KOJI-
KaMH. XapaKTepHaI oco6eHHOCTb JIecoXo3SIcTBeHHoro ynpaBjieHHl4 B Ka3axcTaHe 3aKnuoiaeT0q B TOM,
qTO gejio rpHXO,AHTC31 HMeTb KaK c IyrOnaCT6Hll1HbIMH yrOFgbAMH, TaK H C HX HOJIb3OBaTeniiMH.
3.21 TyraPHbIe HJH npH6peA(HbIe uieca L]eHTpajIbHoP A3HH npegCTaBJmIOT oTAeJIbHbIA Kiiacc JiecOB H MHK-
pOKTiHMaTHCeCKYIO 30Hy, o6yCjiOBJ]eHHyio pe'IHbIMH pCCypCaMH H naBOJDKaMH. TyraiHbie neca pacro-
nOXKeHbI BAOJIb 6eperoB iO)KHblX peK. KaK rpaBHJO, B 3THX niecax HpOH3paCTaIOT JIOX, HBa, TOHOJIb, THH-
rwi, Kv3ryH, TaMapHCK, 6ap6apHc, o6nenHxa. TaloKe HMeioTcII yHHK4aJbHbIe BHMbI TorIonS, TypaHrH, BsIa-
rOJllO6HBbIe pCeJHKTOBbIe HOnpObI IceHA.
3.22 floMteHHbIe iieca pacnonio)KeHbi no 6eperaM CeBepHbIX peK H peKH YpaA. HpOH3pacTaiomHe Ha ypanib-
CKOM no6epe)Kbe gepeBbA BKO4IoalOT OJ1bXy 14By, TOnOJIb, ICeHb, 6epe3y, KH3HJ, Ay6, p0m6HIy. TyraAHbie
nieca BbIIOTIHAIOT BaTKHMO BO,O3alAHTHyIO H peryn4pypouWylo (yHKIAHio.
3.23 3arUHTHbje jieCOHaca)LeHHM. Ka3aXCTaH HMeeT AIHTeCJbHYIO HCTOpHIO CO3gaHHI4 3aMHTHbIX IiecOHa-
CaxLeHHP mIH6o X,JII 3aMHlTbI OT BeTpOB, .11H60 ,m npegoTBpameHHHM o6pa3OBaHHM nec,aHbIX HaHOCOB
H 6apxaHoB.
S. llonb30BaTern4 J1eCHbIX pecypcoB
3.24 BBH,AY HanJHqH5I iHpOKOrO pa3Hoo6pa3Hsi IecOB H HX MeCTononowKeHH5, CyeCTBYeT TaKoKe H 60J1b-
Imoe pa3Hoo6pa3He JIecoflOJIb3OBaTejieA, HarpHMep, rpOMbICJIOBbIe nOJIb3OBaTeCjH, JICCHbIe AHTeJH,
c6opgHKH pacTeHHP H riacTyxH.
Ka.nwmep'ieciKue nompe6umelitu/npopambicioeulcu
3.25 JIeco3aroToBKa. B TeLeHHe MHOrHX JneT Ka3aXCTaHCKHP .nec 6bm1 OCHOBHbIM HCTO'4IHHKOM gpeBeCHHbI
g,nA rocyapCTBeHHbIX npeArnpTmmmH AepeBonepepa6aTbIBaioHWeA ripOMbIbIeHHOcTh, 6o0mbImHHcTBo
KOTOpbIX B HacToAuiee BpeMx npHBaTH3HpOBaHbl.



32
3.26 3arOTOBMTejm mH HOTpe6HTeUM TorLIHBHOA ,ipeBecHHbi. HaLtHOHaJibHbIe nieca MCrIOnb3yiOTC5q JVLH 3aro-
TOBKH ApOB. Tpa,giHLHOHHO KHTnH TIeCHbIX paHiOHOB HCIIOJIb3oBajiI ApOBa KaK OCHOBHOHi BH, TOrIH-
Ba, HarpHMep, racTyxH H rpoime )KmTenH CaKCaynJbHbIX IiecoB. IIMpOKO pacpOCTpaHeHHoe HCiOJIb-
3OBaHHme ApOB COKpaTHJIOCb B COBeTCKOe BpeMS, Kor,ga geuleBblH yrOJIb H 3jCiKTptMqeCTBO 3aMeHHMJH
ApOBa AM oToriiieHHH H rIpHrOTOBjieHHAI rIHIH B CeCJbCKOA MeCTHOCTH. CHoIJIb3OBaHHe jqpeBecHoro
TOLTIHBsa YB3eJHqHROCb Ha riepe,XAHOM 3TaHe H3-3a Hepe6oeB B riOCTaBKax yrnii H 3jieKTpHMecTBa. Ko-
MHTeT niecHoro xo3flgcTBa oTBeX.aeT 3a pacripe,ejieHlle KBOT Ha 3arOTOBKy ,ApOB, XOTH MeCTHbie aKHMa-
Tbl TaloKe HCIOJIHAIOT oripegeneHHyIo pOJlb, rOCKOJ1bKy jpeBecHoe TOriiHBO riocTaBJMeTC5L B HIKOJIbI H
6oJIbHHubIl Ha OCHOBaHHH ogeHKH, rpOBegeHHOA o6nacTHbIMH opraHaMM BJacTm. B ropoAax AM OTO-
rIeHHI B OCHOBHOM HCflOJIb3yeTCH yrOJlb H ra3. PaCTeT HCHOJIb3OBaHHe ,ATpOB iieTOM (oco6eHHo, caKca-
y.na) nqH HpMIrOTOBjieHH5I waU1LIIbIKOB AaKe B ropoAax4 . focTaBKa TaKoro AgpeBecHoro TorniIHBa Bce
6oJIlbme OCymeCTBJbieTcq 11o 4aCTHbIM KaHaIiaM, 3aaacTyio C HapyeHHem YCTaHoBmeHHbIX ripaBMJ.
BcTaBca 3.1. WpeWecHoe TO11HBO H MeCTHOc aHeprocHa6fKeHHe - llpHMep K3wU-OpAHHCK;OH o6AiacTH
rocnie pacna,Aa CCCP nIOCTaBKa yrim pe3KO cOKpaTHniacb, a UeHbi rIOBbICHIHCb. B pe3yJIbTaTe HaceiieHHe cTa.no HcnOJIb-
3OBaTh ,pOBa. YpOBeHb noTpe6jieHH5I ,peBecHoro TOninHBa (B OCHOBHOM, caKcayna H TaMapHCKa) 6bmT oco6eHHo BbICOKHM B
ce.nax KbI3bm-0pAHHcKOA o6nacTH (noqTH 1 00%), nOCKOJIbKy flCnOJIb3OBaJICH Am oToiUeHHS H rpuroTomeHH I riiHuH.
roc.ne 2000 r. cHTyalHH cTaiia riOCTerieHHO MeH3iTbC 6iarogapA yjy'lieHHio riOCTaBOK yr.m H npnpo,AHoro ra3a (B
OCHOBHOM, B ropogax). Cnpoc Ha ,poBa cTa6HRH3HpoBaACA, H ripaBHTenjCTBO BbiryCTHJo nOCTaHoBh1eHHe 0 3aripeTe py6KH
caKcayna (3a HcK)iiox4eHHCM CaHHTapHbIX py6oK). HpegrnonaraeTcH, xlTO C gaAbHe1iuHM pm3BHTHcM ropojqcKog ra3OBOA CeTm
CrIpOC Ha pOBa1 H yronI coKpaTHTCI; B TO Ke BpeMSq Am rOKPbITH14 AeeHU1HTa caKcayiioBoro TOrlHBa MO)KHO HC11OJnb3OBaTb
TaMapHCK (B HacToAmee BpeMR npOAYKTHBHOCTh caKcaynia OTCTaeT OT HOpMbl 2,5 M3/ra).
3.27 raC'yXi. flaCTyXH TpalHLHOHHO HBJIMIOTCH OCHOBHbIMM HOJIb3OBaTeJSMmH iiecOB, B oco6eHHOcTm B 1o0-
HbIX paHoHax. B HacToAmee o6cyxae-rcH Bonpoc, KnaccHq4HM HpOBaTh JIH CaKCayjibHbIe flYCTbIHHbie nueca
KaK iieca HAM KaK nacT6Hliia. repBoHa4a.nbHo 3a ynpab.neHMe caKcayJIOBbIMH lecaMH oTBeqaHH CKOTO-
BoJ,tecKHe xo3.HqcTBa. OjHaKo B 1983 r. 6buio fplHHHTO peuieHHe repe,aTh oTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a HX ynl-
paB.neHHe KoMHTeTy ineCHoro xo3HfcTBa. ,Im rojiy'eHH5I ,AOXOJOB KoMHTeT .TecHoro xo3AHAcTBa pa3pe-
iluaeT ce3OHHbIl Bbiiac cKoTa B oT0eJIbHbLX jieCxo3ax H caKcay.JbHbix JIecax. B HacroAHAee BpeMH Cyuge-
CTByeT OieHb Maio O(HIMHaRbHbLX ,AorOBOpOB Mexcy jieCXo3aMM H CKOTOBOAaMM O Ce3oHHOM HCHnJIb3O-
BaHHH 3TMX peCypCOB. HlacTyxH rOBOpqT, 'TO AOrOBOpbI 0 BbIiHaCC H cooTBeTcTByiouIeHi rnaTe, KaK rpaBM-
nO, 3aKTIo0aioTcCI yCTHO H B HH,LHBH,IyaJbHOM IOP WKe C pyKOBO,A4TeJISMH MeCTHbIX JIeCxo3oB.
3.28 lInaHTaUHH. go CHX flop nIeCHbie ruIaHTaUMH HaxoJHiiHCb BO Bjia2eHHH H ynpaBjieHmH KoMHTeTa iiec-
HOrO XO3HACTBa H ero MeCTHbiX ioLApa3gejieHHH HAM KOJLeKTMBOB. rOCKOjibKy KoMMepiecKHx ruiaH-
TaUHA OYCHb MaIO, fpaBHTeJbCTBO XOTeno 6bl yBehH'iHTb nnOlla,Ai (iaCTHblx) KoMMep'ecKHx IieCOB
(YTO npe,JyCMoTpeHO B rnaHe MeporpHHTmH KoMHTeTa .ieCHoro xo3.HqCTBa). OiAHaKO OTHoIeIHH MAme*Iy
KoMHTeToM AeCHOrO XO3H9CTBa H 4aCTHbIMH neCHbIMH KOMHaHHlMMM Tpe6ylOT yrO'iHeHHA.
PeKpeat4uounoe jieconowo306anue
3.29 CoriiacHo nporHO3aM, 6ygeT HHTCHCHBHO pa3B4BaTbcq TIyp3M B paHoHe HalJHOHaAbHbiX iapKOB H
3arlOBe,HHKOB, YTO noTpe6yeT yKpenneHHS KOHTpOJIM H YCTaHoBjeHHH ACHbiX rpaBHA, B oco6eHHOC-
TH, eCJiH O)Km,aeTCm pOCT rHCJIa qaCTHbIx TypHCTHmeCK4x KOMriaHHH.
3.30 K peKpeaLUHOHHbIM JiecoHOJIb3OBaTejmM OTHOCHTCH OXOTHMKM, pbI6OJIOBbl, C6opuHMKH CeMHH COCHO-
BbIX uIHmIeI, Co6HpaTeuiH rpH60B, T.l. B JIeCHOM KogeKce cjeiyeT OTpa3MTb Bce 3TH BH,bl iiecoCOJIb3O-
BaHH5A H JIecOHOJlb3OBaTeJIefi, 4To6bi o6ecne'mTm ,AOCTyH HacenJeHH5 H Ha,A3Op 3a yCTOIHYHBbIM HcrOJIb-
3OBaHHeM JieCHbIX peCypCOB.
4 B OCHOBHOM HeriHJ1CHbi epOBa; HCHIOJIb3OBaHHe ApeBeCHOrO yrJIA He rlpHHATO, HO MO)KeT yBeJI1HThCS1 C POCTOM cripoca
'4acTHoro ceKTopa B ropoAax.



33
HHcmumyquona       mbubLe naow3owamemu
3.31 HeKoTopbIe .TeCHbIe rnOrIIagH Bce eCle HaXOAR5TCH B yupaBfeHBHHH cej1bCKOXO3HACTBeH-HbIx rpeinpHm-
THA/KonJeKTHBOB, B t4aCTHOCTH, CTerIHbIe KOJIKH, rge paCXOgbi KoMHTeTa nieCHOrO XO35IHCTBa Ha Ha,-
30p H ynpaBjieHHe BbICOKH. CeJIbXo3nperipHwTHwI H CenJbCKHe aKHMaTbl TaioKe OTBeQaIOT 3a 3ariiHTHbIe
.recorojioCbI, paCfIO.JO)KeHHbie Ha HX TeppHTOpHH1.
PHC. 3.4. CTaTHCrHKa nocei4aeMOCTH HagHOHajibHIJX naPICOB H IPHPO,HbIX 3aiiOBCAHHIOB
B TYPHcTHqecIHx i4eaX (2000 r.)
1,000,000 -
100,000-
10,000 -
1,000 ||            Luu
100 
10 
3 K-BO nocenienerk HFI H nF3 El K-Bo nOCeTHTeniel My3eeB * K-BO 3KCKYPCHH
HenpILbLe noaib3o6ameiu .7ecHblxpecypcoe u ux npedcma6umewu
3.32 Ka3aXcTaHcKoe o6u4ecTBo xapaKTepii3yeTcA 6o.IbImo Jio6oBbIo K pHpoge H .iecaM KaK HCTO4HHKy
CBe)KerO Bo3gyXa H 03rOpOBjieHHI.
3KOJIOrHHeCKHe acrieKTbI necOB riona4IOT cepbe3HM1O nogiepmKKy p"a HerpaBHTenbCTBeHHbIX opra-
HH3agiHH. K CO)KaJCHHIO, HeCMOTp5 Ha TO, 'ITO HHO ripOqBJLIOT HCKpeHH1I1O 3aHHTepeCOBaHHOCTb B 9KO-
j1OrHHeCKHX H JiCcoOxpaHHTenJbHbIX Borpocax, HX HHCTHTyLUHOHa.JbHbie H nponaraH;cHcTKie B03MOxfHO-
CTH HeOJHHaKOBbI. HeKOTOpbIe HHO HIrpalOT BaXKHyO PO;Ib B MHOrOqiHCJICHHbIX HHHUHaTHBax, HaqHHaHl OT
HOBbIlIIHH31 3KOjiOrHieCKOA cO3HaTeJIbHOCTH HaceiieHHS1 H 3aKaH'4HBa3M MepofipH5TH5MH nO 3am4HTe
npHpOAHbIX pecypCOB. HllO riOBbIlalIOT HHqJOpMHpOBaHHOCTb o6igeCTBeHHOCTH o6 3KO.IOrHqeCKOA onac-
HOCTH IieCHbIX riO)KapOB H rIpHBj1eKalOT BHHMaHHe K ripo6ioeMaM pa,HOaKTHBHOrO 3apaKeHHA, yHacJiego-
BaHHbIM OT ripoulioro.
3.33 ApyrHe COLHaJibHbIe acneKTbI jiecoHoJIb3OBaHHM H/HJIH rIIH3HaHHe HX 3Ha'ICHHq BKJIIOUalOT: (i) npe-
AOTBp2IIeHHe 3pO3HH HOqBbI H 3aLMHTY HaCeTieHHbIX FIYHKTOB OT 6apXaHoB, H (ii) pOjib IieCOB B nOrjiO-
IeHHH yrneKHcjoro/napHHKoBoro ra3a. [teHHOCTb TaKHX PyHKUHA 3HaqiHTe.ibHa, HO ee TpygHO onpe-
gej1HTb, H 3geCb BaXMHa5I pOJb OTBOAHTCcI roCygapCTBY H HllO.
B. llHCTm'rTyL4oHanbHas CTPYKTypa u ynpaBneHme
J1eCHbIM X03S1ACTBOM
3.34 HHCTHT1 HOHaJIbHaS i1eCOX035IgCTBeHHaq cTpyKxypa B TOA HnH HHOH mepe gocTaJiaCb B HaCJiicCTBO OT
6bIBLCero CoI03a H BKmiouna JIeCXO3bI (iecHble xO35I3CTBa) H 3anOBeqHHKH, KOTOpbIe HOA1HHJInHCb 1UeH-
Tpa.TbHOMy opraHy IiecHoro XO3ACTBa (KoMHTeTy iiecHoro, pbi6HOrO H OXOTHHIbero xO3APicTBa). Hep-



34
BOHa2qabHO cenbcKoxo3.HAcTBeHHbie KOjIeKIHBbl HMMnH B xO3AHcTBeHHOM yrpaBjieHHH HeKOTOpbIe neca
Ha iore CTpaHbI5, a TaioKe He6OAbllHHe KOJIKH Ha ceBepe. O,4HaKO 3a nociiegHee ecurrwemTe 6buwH nocTe-
neHHO rpOBegeHbl orpegeieHHbie H3MeHeHHMI, oTpa)KaioMHe O3a6oqeHHOcTb no roBo7y iecHoro 3a11a-
Ca, KOTOpblH 3aHHMaeT JIHiIb 4% 3eMeJlbHbIX peCypCOB, a Ta2oKe COBCeM HHbie 3a'aq{H HO CpaBHCHHIO C
TeMH, KOTOpbie CYRUeCTBOBanH B CCCP B YCJOBH5IX AOMHHHpyiolieIi pOJIH ceBepHbIX neCOB.
3.35 HIepeXo,AHbIl niepHoi 1990-2000 rr. H co3JaaHHe cyBepeHHoH pecny6.nHKM COIpOBO)2aIHCb CJIO)KHbl-
MH HOAHTHLeCKHMH H COIJHaJbHbIMH H3MeHeHHIMH. TamHe H3MeHeHHq TaiOKe HOBJIH5UIH Ha necoxo-
3HqicTBeHHbIA ceKTop H ero CHCTeMy ynpaBnieHHm. 3a nocJie,Hee mC5ITHmeTHe CHCTeMa iiecHoro xo3mH-
CTBa H JieCHas ripoMbIllJeHHOCTb npeTepnenIH HecKOJIbKO peopraHH3a1xHA. HaripHMep:
(i) MHHHcTepcTBo iiecO3arOTOBHTenJbHOH H J epeBoo6pa6aTbIBaloleA ipOMboLmbIeHHOCTH 6buIo HK-
BH,AHpOBaHO JAeCATb JleT Ha3aA B CB53H C HpHBaTH32a1He 3TOA OTpaCJIH6.
(ii) IOKHbIe .neca (caKcay]nbHHIKH) 6bmuH nepegaHbi KoMHTeTy iiecHoro XO3.IACTBa B 1988 r.; ceBepHbie
KOjiKH 6buiH repegaaHbi noA ero yrpaBJeHHe, Korg2a npOH3OllMa peq4OpMa KOJIX030B H H3MeHH-
IiaCb c-ipyKTypa Co6CTBeHHoCTH.
(iii) CeInbcKHe nIecOHHIbHbIe H o6pa6aTmIBaioiqHe uLexa 6buIH OTgeJieHbI OT JieCXO3OB H CTaiH He3aBH-
CHMbIMH CTpyKTypaMH, T.e., 6binH npeo6pa3oBaHbI B pecriy6AHKaHcKIe rocygapCrBeHHbie npe,-
rpHIITHI, KOTOpbie AojDKHbi 6buIH BbInOAHHTh dpHKIiHH 3aK-HnKH m o6pa6oTKH jiecoMaTepHanOB,
B03AJ;CbIBaTh .leCHbie rUIaHTaqHH, rpOBOAHTh JieCOBOCCTaHOBHTenJbHbIe pa6oTmi, o6ecneqHBaTb OX-
paHy H 3allmHTy IiecOB H T.H.
B TO we BPCM5I 6buIH COXPaHeHbI HeKOTOPbIe KOHLIlUHH 6bIBmlerO COIO3a, HanpHMep:
(i) KOHLqenriHI rocy,apCmeHHOH co6CTBeHHOCTH Ha JeCHbie pecypcbi (lecHOA c1OHA); 7
(ii) IleHTpanH3OBaHHaq CHCTeMa ynpaRIieHHM.
3.36 XOTH oT,eAeHHe KOMMepqeCKHX 4yHKLqHi (T.e. pyHKuHI qacTHoro ceCKTopa) OT KOHTPOJIbHO-HaA30p-
HbIX QyHKmHHi KoMHTeTa iBJmeTC5I BaXKHbIM IuaroM, pacTeT o6eCHOKOeHHOCTb TeM, qTO 1rOCTOHHbie
npeo6pa3OBaHHA ocna6unioT OpraHH3aULHOHHo-KaApOBbIe B03MO)KHOCTH rocy,aPCTBeHHoro ceKTopa
B cQepe ynpaBJIeHHIA, oxpaHbl H BOCCTaHobmeHHA IieCOB, 'ITO HrpaeT KmioqeBylo pOJ1b B pa3BHTHH Ty-
pH3Ma, nO4BO-BOIgOOxpaHe H perynHpOBaHHH, 6opb6e c rieCxiaHbIMH HaHOCaMH H T.f.
feJu
3.37 BBH,LY CKy,AHbIX H COKpaMamlOeHXCR  CHbIX pecypcoB o6lam CTpaTerHH ieCOX0O33ACTBeHHOrO yrpaB-
nieHHH HaripaBJeHa Ha coxpaHeHHe HMmOLHXCH iieCHbIX 3araCOB H Hpe,WCMaTPHBaeT cneAypoigHe IuejiH:
(i) HlpeAOxpaHeHHe HOqBbI OT BOAqHOA H BeTpOBOA 3pO3HH;
(ii) HpOTHBorioiapHaA 3MlUTa H 3aIAHTa OT Bpeg,lHTe1ei;
(iii) BOCdpOH3BOgCTBO IecOB;
(iV) O3jqOpOBHTenbHoe H peKpeaLHOHHoe ieCOnOJIb3OBaHHe.
3.38 Taime JeiH, OQAHaKO, ripegionaraIOT UeHTpajiH3OBaHHbIe CHCTeMbI ynpaBj1eHHM IieCHbIM XO3HLCTBOM
ripH OrpaHHMeHHOM y'aCTHH HJH Hey-qaCTHH o6bI4HbIX nOJlb3OBaTeJIeH H/HIH MeCTHbIX )KHTeJIeH. KOH-
CerigwA o6MHHHOrO yrlpaBJIeHHA 11CCHbIM H naCT6HmHHbIM X03AHfCTBOM He COBCeM HOHMTHa HMH He
nOJPyNH]Ia HlpH3HaHHS, H Heo6XogHMa gaJlbHefimaA pa6oTa, qTo6bi OripCeCJIHTh B03MOxHOCTH ee ripH-
5 3ri npeHmynecrBemHo caKcaymbHble nycrb1HHbIe neca HcrlOJnb3OBaAHCb AUi neperoHioro cKoToBo,crBa H go CepeHHbT 1980-x -
Hauana 1990-x rr. yripaUBnHCb BoTHoBo,A'ecKaMH xo3SICrBaMH.
6 B OCHOBHOM, y6blTOwHbie ripegripHaTHA, T.K pocna KOHKypeH1xHH COBpeMeHHbIX H KaieCTBeHHblX MaTepHaJoB, BB03HMbEX H3
EBponbli H Apa6cKHx cTpaH. B pe3yllbTaTe, gonA gepeBoo6pa6aTIBaio1uef H Me6ejibHOH ripOMblujIeHIIOCTH B cTpyKrype npo-
MhIllIneHHOrO rIPOH3Bo,ICTBa coKpaTHnaCh C 2.7 jAo 0.2%.
7 B TO )e BpeMJl HeKoTopbie pecypcbi MOXHO cgaBaT B KpaTKoCpoIHylo (AO I roga) H gonirocpotrHyio apeHlAy (oT 10 go 50 neT)
Ha ruiaTHoi OCHOBe.



35
MeHeHHII B ceJLbCKOH MeCTHOCTH Ka3axcTaHa. XOTq BHAHMbIe pHCKH (He3aKoHHaq py6Ka, rnoKapbi, Bpe-
AHTenmH H TAnT) B riociieAHHe roAbI yBejHIHIHcb, H 3Ha'iHTejIbHaq taCTb OCHOBHbIX iieCHbIX pecypcoB
noTep3iHa, Bce enAe He pa3pa6oTaHa e)HHaA HOJIMHTHKa no npHOPHTH3a4HH H CoKpalI4HHI0 pHCKOB.
3.39 B CCCP QyHKIi4HH no yripameBHHI .necaMH H neconOnb3OBaHHIO ocyMeCTBnIlnHCb opraHamH JIecoxo-
30HCTBeHHOro ynpaBwieHHM. B 6OJbIIIHHCTBe CTPaHH yHiWHno nepepa6oTKe peBeCBCHHbI riepeAaHbI
LaCTHOMY ceKTopy KOHTpaKTbI Ha Jieco3aroTOBHTeJIbHbIe pa6oTbi TpaHciOPTHPOBKy neca rpHcyK-
JIqaOTCH Ha KOHKypCHOH OCHOBe. BeAeHHe JiecOyCTpoHTeIbHbIX pa6oT H pa3pa6oTKa LTaHOB MeporipH-
ITHHi HO yripaBjieHHIO niecaMH B pa3HbIX CTpaHax OpraHH30BaHbI no-pa3HoMy. B HeKOTopbIx CTpaHax
rocyjapcTBo coxpaHHJO 3Ty (yHKUHIO 3a co6o1. 3anIHTa nieca, BKIio'iaq 3alliHTy OT no)Kapa H BpeAH-
TeJieHi, KaK npaBHnO, OTHeceHa K BeeHHHi rocygapCTBeHHbIX opraHoB (3a HcKiiio4eHHeM cTpaH, rge
iiecOynpaBjleHHe l4aCTHbIMH CTPYKrYPaMI ABJImeTCi yKopeHHBIIeHCHA TpaAHLIHeH). B KoMHTeTe .jecHo-
ro x03AHcTBa, ero o6jiaCTHbIX H MeCTHbIX noApa3AeJIeHHAx B HaCT051mee BpeMA pa6OTaeT OKOjiO 7000
COTpyJHHKOB, Torga KaK B 1990 roAy B nieCHOM x03.HIicTBe pa6oTario 25000 qejIOBeK CneAYeT OTMe-
THTb, YTO H3-3a yxyfMeHHM KateCTBa rioArOTOBKH H riepef0oArOTOBKH KagpOB, rOBbImeHHq 39(IeKTHB-
HOCTH pa6OTbI KoMHTeTa He rpOH3O3IIIJO.
3.40 3a KoMHTeToM hieCHoro H OXOTHHHberO XO3HHCTBa H pa6OTHHKaMH ero MecTHbIx roiApa3jqejieHHA ciie-
gyeT OCTaBHTb cJiegMmiO e QyHKiHH:
*   Pa3pa6OTKa MeTOoj1orHH COCTaBj1eHHA HruaHOB MepOPHIpTHH HO yripaBJIeHHIO iiecaMH, HX aHa-
JIH3 H yrBep)KAeHHe;
*   AocTyn H y'acTHe B HH4¢OpMaUHOHHbIX CHCTeMax nO JIeCHOMY X03AHCTBy;
*   KoHTpO.Ib Hag peaj1H3aluHeH riniaHOB BeAeHHA JIeCHOfO xO3HHcTBa, BK.JloMaH .iecO3arOTOBHT4eJb-
HbIe H JIecOBOccTaHOBHTejIbHbIe pa6oTbl B Tex cyuaxx, Korga yKa3aHHbIe pa6oTbl BbInHOIH5HOTCH
HOJpMHHKaMH;
*   KOHTpOAb Ha, o6ecneMeHHeM 3alAHThL InecOB;
*   KoHTpoJIb HaA peaH3agiHeH JiecOBOccTaHOBHTeJIbHbIx MeporpmHTHH;
*   OKa3aHHe HepBHYHIOH HOAroePKKH TeXHOjiOrHYeCKHM HHHOBauH54M;
*   Pa3pa6oTKa craHgapTOB  CepTc HKadHH JKeCHOH OnpOyKLHHH, Hx nHHoTHHaJ rpOBepKa Ha MeCTaX;
*   AHanH3 H HepeCMoTp HPaBHJ O CO3JgaHHH YaCTHbIX iecOnOriocaOK.
Hopmamu6no-npaeo6as 6a3a
3.41 B KOHCTHTYIIHH PecHy6JiHKH Ka3aXcTaH (1995 r.) yCTaHOBJIeHO, YITO nieca, KaK '4aCTb HPHPOAHbIX pe-
CypCOB, HaXOJTCH B rocyJapCTBeHHOH co6CTBeHHOCTH. 13 iero cniegyeT H YTO 3aKpernieHo YKa3aMH
Hpe3HgeHTa H 3aKOHOgaTejIbHbIMH aKTaMH 0 3MJIe, iiecax H oco6o oxpaHxeMbix npHpOAHbIX 3OHaX,
YITO 3eMjiH .necHoro qoHAa, 4rnopa (BKnOa niieca) H QayHa, a TaiKe oco6o oxpaHAembie flpHpOAHbIe
TeppHTOpHH He rio,neJKaT HpHBaTH3auLH.
3.42 OCHOBHbIM 3aKOHOM o nece IBJleTCA JIeCHOH KOJeKC, HIpHHMTbIH Ha 12 CeCCHH BePXOBHoro COBeTa
Pecny6iiHKH 01.23.1993; B HacToAuAee BpeMA riogrOToBBJeH H 6yAeT rPieqCTaBJeH Ha PaCCMOTPeHHe
MacHJHca HapjiaMeHTa HpOeKT HOBOrO JIeCHoro KogeKca. B UenoM, 3agatH fieCHorO 3aKOHOgaTenb-
CTBa COCTO0LT B peryJIHpOBaHHH TaKHX BOrpOCOB, KaK npaBo co6cTBeHHOcT, jnecorOijb3OBaHHe H ie-
coyipaBsieHHe, a TaioKe B o6ecneqeHHH YCJIOBHfi nJ HOBbIml1eHH5I 3KOJ1oriH4ecKoro H pecypcHoro no-
TeHLUHana iiecOB, paLUHOHaJIbHOrO H HeHCTOllHTeJ1bHorO HOJ1b3OBaHHR pecypCaMH, coxpaHeHHA, oxpa-
HbI, 3aiilHThI H BOCCTaHOBjieHHSI nieCOB H yKpeInIeHMH HOpMaTHBHO-rpaBOBOH 6a3bl.
3.43 B HaCTOqiHee BpeMH rOTOBHTCq HOBbIH npoeKT fIecHoro KogeKca H CpeLHeCpOHOA ripOrpaMMbI Ho
JIeCHOMY CeKTOPY Ha 2003-2005 rr. (pa6oTa rpOBOAHTCSi nocnie IpMHHATHA HOBOrO 3aKOHa O 3eMjIe H
HajioroBoro KogeKca B 2001 r. B CBeTe rpaBHTejIbCTBeHHOA HHHiLHaTHBbI no geiAeHTpajiH3aIUHH).
3.44 HOBbIA JJeCHOH KoI;eKC Pecriy6HiKH Ka3axcTaH (ero ipHHMTHe 3armaHHHpOBaHO B CKOpOM BpeMeHH)
goADKeH o6ecrieMHTb yiyqIIeHHyIo HOpMaTHBHO-rpaBOByIO 6a3y ,xm 6o.nee aKr4HBHOro yiaCTHM MeCT-



36
HOrO HacenJeHHA H qacTHoro ceKropa B yripaBjieHHH JiecaMH. B KoJeKce no HOBOMy pa3FPaHHieHbl
IIOJIHOMOXIHA 11o ynpaBHjeHHIO nIecaMH H jiecOHOJIb3OBaHHKO Me)Kgy 4eHTpOM H o6jIaCTblo, rocyJap-
CTBOM H qaCTHbIM ceKropoM:
*   HIepegaYa 6oAbllleHi qacTH XyHKwHH no ynpasieHHi1o niecaMH OT KoMHTeTa iecHoro H OXOTHHqberO
xo3HWcTBa rocygapCTHHblM jiecoxo3MHcTBeHHbIM npegnpHM HpH o6iaCTHbLX OpraHax BjiacTH;
*   Co3AaHHe "IqacTHoro nIecHoro qpOHAa", [eIb KOTOpOFO - o6ecrieqHTb YC)IOBHA AJIA co3AaHHM H
pa3BeAeHHA HCKyCCTBeHHb1X IiecOB H 3alHTHbIx nlecornoJnoc Ha TeppHTopHH HpHBaTH3HpoBaH-
HbIX X0351qCTB. HaiH4qHe TaKorO 3aKOHoaTebHoro HoJIo)KeHHSl   O3BOJIHT OTHeCTH HOBble niec-
Hbie 3eMJIH K KaTeropHH iecHoro q)OHAa, BbIBOA5I 3TH B rIpOTHBHOM cjiyqae HenpoAyKTHBHbIe/
HH4bH" 3eMAH H3-1O, c4epbI AeiCTBHI Mmy%CTBeHHorO Hajiora;
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HOBe (oronycKaeTcs 3aKJloqeHHe KOHTPaKTOB TOJIbKO CpOKOM Ha 10 H 6o0iee .neT cTporo Ha KOH-
KypCHOH OCHOBe);
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3.45 BbInonIHeHi4e iiecHoro 3aKOHOAaTe.UbCTBa H ynpaBneHHe neCHbIMH pecypCaMH, pecypcamH 4QayHbi, a
TamKe oco60 oxpaH51eMbiMH rHilpOAHbIMH TCppHTOpHSIMH H npaBo ripeIOCTaBJ5Tb 3TH pecypCbl B
HOJIb3OBaHHe OTHOCHTCA K KoMneTeH4HHH KoMHTeTa ineCHoro H OXOTHH'qbero x03A11cTBa ripH MHHH-
cTepc'rBe oKpy)KaiouAeA cpegbi H r1pHlpOAHbIX pecypCOB. 9
3.46 B KoMrieTeHLHIO KoMHTeTa BXOHT pa3pa6oTKa ipaBHJ H HOpMaTHBHO-npaBoBbIx aKroB MA o6ecne-
LieHHM YCTOHqHBoro necoHOIb3OBaHHI. HlOMHMO pecry6JiHKaHcKoro KoMHTeTa, cy     CTBYeT 14 o6jna-
CTHbIX nogpa3gueHH4 no IieCHbIM H 6Ho.norHqecKHM pecypcaM B CHCTeMe iecHoro xo35IHcTBa H ox-
paHe H 3aUIHTe nIeCOB. CHcTeMa BKTHoqaeT 140 rocyAapCTBeHHblX opraHH3aHA nO 3aHHTe IieCOB H
(ayHbi, perHoHaIbHbie oTgeJeHHœ HaIHOH2AbHbIx napKOB, 9 rocy,apcTBeHHbiX 3aroBeAHHKoB, 6 Ha-
LHoHaJIbHbLX rHIPHPOHbIX napKOB, 15 pecny6AHKaHcKHx opraHH3aIH$; 13 o6AacTHblx HHcneK1AHA
rocKOHTPOJUI Ho oxpaHe, BOCHPOH3BOACTBY H no.IIb3OBaHHIO 4nJIopoH H cflayHoH, oco6eHHo B oxpaH-
HbIX 3OHax; 4 6acceCHOBbIX yripaBmeHHsi no oxpaHe pbI6HbIX peCYPCOB H perynHpoBaHHlo pbi6ojioB-
CTBa; perHOHa11bHbIe H Me)Ko6JiaCTHbie 03epHbie HHcrieKLHH.
3.47 B 1 990-x roiZax KaflpOBblH COCTaB H MaTepHaJIbHO-TeXHHtLeCKam 6a3a JieCHoro ceKTopa pe3KO COKpa-
THJIHCb. IHCJIO q)YHKIAHOHHPY10LuHx rHo)KapHbIX cTaHgLHH coKpaTHnOCb Ha 80%; 6oflbmaq taCTb Ma-
IIIH4H H o6opyAOBaHHw ycrape.no H Tpe6yeT 3aMeHbI.
3.48 B rOCiieCHee BpeMA JiecOXO3Mq9CTBeHHbIe 4)YHK4HH H Heo6xoAHMoe iAn 3Toro o6OpyAOBaHiHe nepeJRa-
HbI c 6anaHca rOCyJapCTBeHHbIX OpraHH3aglHH, T.e., KoMHTeTa .necHoro XO3AfiCTBa. JlecOHnHJbHbIe H
ripoq4e XO3,HcTBeHHbIe npeAripHT     OTHoTeiHbI OT iieCXo3OB H npeo6pa3OBaHbl B pecny6AHKaHcKHe
rocnpeLipH5iTHSI4'. B HX qyHWI44HH BXOAHT 3aKynKa H Hepepa6OTKa .necoMaTepHaJIOB, BbipaIIAHBaHHe
8 rpaBHTehTbCTBy cCieyeT rlpoHBJTb ocTopoaHocii oTHocHTeAbHO jiH1ieH3HpOBaHuH Bcex BMAOB necOXO3HqcTBeHHOA geA-
TeJbHocTr. Heo6xogHMo pa3pa6oTaTh nOnOJKeHHA, jonycKaiomuie Bb1aqy pa3peuieHHA MeCmHbiMH opraHaMH Bj1aCTH Ha py6-
Ky B IWeJHX 38arOTOBKH ,pOB H cTpoHTeibcTBa.
9 B aBrycTe 2002 r. KoMHTeT iecHoro X03HUACTBa nepeAaH U3 H3ioJAHHHHS1 MHH3KojiorHH B IO,AHHeHme MHHCCebXO3a.
10 LferJb BbT1eIeHHA PHFI H3 cocraBa necxO3OB, nOMHMO ChiierHpOBaHHA HM XO3s11cTBeHHb1x H 3KoHoMH'IecKHx (yuHKLuu, COCTO-
AHa B noBbiiiieHHH HX 3(peKICrHBHOCTn H yjiyllleHHH cPHHaHCOBOH CTpyKTypbi oTpacnu. OAHaKo H3-3a cna6oro pyKOBO)CTBa,
cTaporo o6opyAoBaHH31, HeKOHKypeHTHOCTH npO,yK1uHH, opHCHTaLHH Ha Tpa,1UH1HOHHblf pblHOK HeCuiaTe)Kecioco6HbIx HO-
Tpe6HTejieu, OTCyrCTB1H o6opOTHbIX CpegCTB, 6pemeHH HaKOruieHHOA 3aojmDKeHHOCT4 nOcTaBjieHHble 3a,gaqH He 6buIH Bbl-
nOJIHeHbI. flocpegcTBoM nepeAaaq PMl B BeAeHHe MeCTHbIX HCnOAHHTeJbHbIX opraHoB, ripo6AeMa HX pea6&AHTaum nocTaB-
nieHa B 3aBHCHMOCTh OT MeCTHOrO orpaHiH4eHHoro 6io0weTa.



37
rOCa,OHHoro MaTepHaJia, npoBejgeHme pea6wHwTaulHOHHbIX pa6oT, oxpaHa H 3aMLHTa JIeCOB H T.RL; Ta-
Ka3H JgeTejIbHOCTb qHHaHCHpyeTCq 3a CeIT co6CTBeHHbIX Cpe,CTB HnH 6iogweTa, BbigeJieHHOrO Ha BbI-
onJIHeHHC roC3aKa3a. B ceHTs6pe 2001 r. pec7y6.jHKaHcKme rocripegripHHTHM riepegaHbI B BegeHHe
MCCTHbIX HCHO1IHHTCeJbHbIX opraHOB Bj1aCTH (o6jiaCTHbIe aKHMaTbl).
BcTaBKa 3.2. YipecHmq H HPCnIPHefHA JI necHoro xo3RHcTDa
B CTpyKTypy KoMUTeTa JIecHoro, pbI6Horo H oxoTHoqbero Xo3mfCTha, B ero ceKTop .iecHoro xo03AcrBa BXoART cjreMo-
niHe yqpe1xeHHS H Ipe,1IpH1fATAS:
*   9 rocy,papCTBeHHbix riHplo,HbIX 3anoBe,AHHKoB;
*   6 rocy,apcTBeHHb1X HaUHoHaAbHbIX lIpHpOAHbIX napKoB;
*    14 o6nacTHblx TeppHTOpHanbHb1X ynpaBieHHfl no iieCHOMY X03 HCTBy H 6HopecypcaM H iogqHHqioi%Hec3 HM 138 ro-
copraHH3a4iHH no oxpaHe nIeCOB H ,1HKOH nlpHpOAbI;
*   rocy,apcseIHHoe y,ipexqeHHe "Pecny6JIniKaHcKoe rocyAapcTseHHoe npQipoOOXPaHHoe yqpexqeHHe "K3bui->KHrHma";
*   Ka3axcKmfi rOCyaapCTBeHHbiA npoeKTHO-H3blCKaTeJIbCKHH UHCTHTyT no rpoeKTHPOBaHHIO JIeCHoro XO3SHCTBa (Ka3-
rHnpojlecxo3);
*   Pecrly6nuiKaHcKoe rocyAapcTBeHHoe Ka3eHHOe npe,anpsmTHe "Ka3axcKoe JIecOYCTpOHTIJbHoe npeArnpHAHTe";
*   Ka3axcKax 6a3a aBHaUHOHHOA oxpaHbl necoB H o6clyXnHBaHHI4 IiecHoro xo33HiCTBa;
*   AjiMaThHCKH1 CefKieUHOHHbIlH UeHTp iieCHoro xo35H6cTBa;
*   Pecny6.uHKaHcKoe rocy,apCTBeHHoe Ka3eHHoe ripegipHMTHe "KoKIueTaycKHH CeieKIUHOHHbIl geHTp iieCHoro X033H-
cTBa";
*   Ka3axcKrni HHCTHTyT riOBbiiieHHH KBa2JIKaUHH pyKOBO,RHTej1e H CrieUJHaCHCTOB nieCHoro Xo331AcTBa;
*   Ka3axcKoe rocyAapcTBeHHoe pecny6niHKaHcKoe JIecoceMeHHoe y'lpe)meHHe;
*   Pecny6niHKaHcKoe rocyAapcTBeHHoe Ka3eHHoe npegnpHiTHe "FIO "OXOT300npoM".
B BeAeHIH ,Hpyrix MHHHCTePCTB H ynpaBJeIHeHi: HaIHoHaJTbHbli napK BopoBoe - AMNHHcTpaUHA Hpe3HgeHTa H flpa-
BHTeJIbCTBO PK; OnblTHble CTaHUH1U JIeCHoro xo3sHcTBa MHHo6pa3OBaHHI H HaVKH PK.
3.49 focIiegCTBHM 3THX HegaBHHX H3MeHCHHA, rpOBegaeHHe KOTOpbIX ripogojIAaeTci, nOKa He5ICHbI. He-
CMOTp51 Ha 3TO, ACHO, 4TO KoMHTeT IiecHoro XO35I,CTBa OTOlleji OT 3KOHOMH4eCKHX yHKIHH,4  B c4epe
HcHOJIb3OBaHHM iieCHbIX peCypCOB. KoMHTeTy pa3peimeHo ripegOCTaBIMTb yCIyrH TOjibKO TeM nOjib3O-
BaTeCJMM, nnaTa KOTOpbIX 6yjaeT 'rOJIHOCTbiO riepemHcneHa B pCcny6jiHKaHcKHH 6iopXeT. IOKa TaKaA
nepe,aaia PYHKMI4H He conpOBox,aj1aCb yKpeTiJeHHeM THflHqHO pOj1H rocygapCTBeHHoro ceKTopa B
BbIHOJLHeHHH HpeianHCaHHOH AeqTeCJbHOCTi4 ro nIecoynpaBjneHHlO H .TlecooxpaHe Ha MeCTaX.
3.50 KoMHTeT IieCHoro XO3MHCTBa nepe,gan CBOH 4yHK1iHH no ynpaBJneHHio IIeCHbIM cpOH,AOM 14 o6JlacT-
HbIM yipamBeHH3AM JIeCHoro xo331AcTBa H 136 paHOHHbIM opraHH3aLH5AM iiecHoro XO3MACTBa (iiecxo-
3aM). 3TH OpraHH3amHH, B OCHOBHOM, 4pHHaHC14pyIOTCI1 H3 pecCy6jiHKaHCKoro 6iogwera. O,!HaKO OHM
MoryT HOJYI4aTb  eICBeBoe QHHWHCHpOBaHHe OT o6JiacTHbIx HcHOJIHHTeCjbHbIX opraHOB (Ha KOHKpeT-
HbIe MeporpHwTil, B rlOCJ1eCHHe rOJgbI, B OCHOBHOM, Ha 60pb6y c ro)KapaMH), a TaKOKe Ho.0yIaTm no,o-
gep)KKy OT OTgeCJbHbIX rpeAripH3TH4 IiCHoro Xo35NiCTBa.
3.51 KaqpoBbIA COCTaB H KBaJIHdHK25aLj  KaapOB. CorniaCHO TeKyigeH oIeHKe, B iiecOXO3HICTBeHHOM ceKTo-
pe pa6oTaeT 5 TbIC. MJeiOBeK. 3a HOCJICn,HHe rO,gbI B CB313H c coKpacIIJHHeM 6IOKemTHbIx cpeZCTB, BbIJe-
JiqeMbIX AJM 3TOHi oTpacjiH, coKpaTHaCb qHcjieHHOCTb pa6OTHHKOB, qTO HeraTHBHO CKa3ajiOCb KaK Ha
BbiHojiH5IeMoft pa6oTe, TaK H Ha Kagpax. HH3KaS onraTa Tpyga B ceKTope, coxpaH3lBmuaIciI go 01.01.2002,
H rOCTOqHHbIe peopraHH3aqlHH flPHBe1H K TeKyqKe Ka1pOB B 3AMHHHCTpaTHBHoM arnapaTe H B rocy-
AapCTBeHHO   JteCHOA OxpaHe.
3.52 B HaCTOHiee BspeMi oKoJIo 30% pa6oTHHKoB agMHHHCTpaTHBHOro annapaTa B o6jiaCTHbIX ynpaBjleHH-
SIX H rOCyAapCTBeHHbIX ripeJnpHITHMX/y4pexqeHHMx Ho oxpaHe iiecOB H gHKOL rpHpOgbI ipoIUIH
CrC[eHaJIbHYlO riOgrOTOBKy. OTMCemCTCq ge4H1HT pa6oTHHKOB Ha TaKHX gOJDKHOCT3X, KaK KBaJIHc¢H-
1iHpOBaHHbIe pyKOBOJHTeJIH miajagiero 3BeHa H pa6oTHHKM AiCHO1 OXpaHbl.
3.53J,DM pemeHHw 3TOH npo6JieMbI HeO6XOJiHMO HOBbICHTh YPOBeHb cneumaRm3MpOBaHHO            J rogrOTOBKH
Ka,pOB H nOJIHOCTblO o6ecneiHTm rOTpe6HOCTH ceKTopa B pyKOBOAHTeJMX crapriero H M.uagilero 3BeHa.



38
3.54 rpegcTaBmeHHa5i HH?e "iHpaMHga" MOxCKT CeInAHTh AOriOAHHTejibHbIM MeTOJOM             )   4POpMyn1HpOBa-
HHA CTpaTeHI41 B o6AaCTI yllrpaBeHH5 JieCaMH, KOTOpbli riOMOraeT cTpaHaM OgeHHTb XOA ee BbIrOji-
HeHHi4 H Co3AaTh 3,OpOBbliH pe)HM yfIpaBmeHIM.
BCTaBKa 3.3. 'llHpaMHAa': MeToA AHarHOCrHKH H iLTaHHPOBaHHI, HCnOjb3YeMblHmmk Aa OpraHH3aWHH
3a44eKM HBHOrO niecoyiipaEJieHHs
AjibsHc BceMHpHoro 6aHKa H BCeMHpHOrO cPoHga mHKorl ipHpO,pbi (WWF) ,A coxpaHeHHA nIecosB yCTOWIHBoro iie-
COrIOJIb3OBaHHM 3aHHMaeTCcA pa3pa6oTKoH H anpo6HpOBaHHeM crie1HaJIbHoro MeTOga gHarHOCTHKH H rUIaHHpOBaHHH B ixe-
jIX OpraHH3ILWHH 3xpeKTHBHoro niecoyrpaBjieHHH, KOTOpbil HOJIyqIH Ha3BaHHe "HhpaMH,Aa'. 3a,Aaia COCTOHT B TOM, tTo6bi
npeRn4oKHTb OCHOBy, cnoco6cmyioiyio OLJeHKe IllHpOKOrO y'aCTHs BCeX 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbIX CTOpOH, BKCTOU3H H MeCTHoe
HaceCieHHe, H YCTaHOBKe ieiieA H 3aAaq B yipaBjieHHH jecaMH Ha HauLHOHaAbHOM ypOBHe. OCHOBaHHbIH Ha MHOrOCTOpOHHeM
y'iaCTHH 3aHHTePeCOBaHHbIX .IHUI, 3TOT MeTOA MOWKeT 3arlOJIHHTh "ripo6en B ynpaBjieHHH jecaMH", o6pa3oBaBHIHACrmewy
oLleHKOH H XOgOM pa6oT Ha MecTax no o6ecneweHHIo yCTofi'IHBoro necoyripaBneHH4 (SFM), a TaioKe B BbIfOJIHHHH Me)JyHa-
pOAHO         m 1OJHThKH, rOigOTOBKe OL;eHKH H OTtCTHOCTH. 3anoAHeHHeM TaKoro npo6ena MOIKHO y"y'HIIHTh B03MO)KHOCTH 3aHH-
TepeCOB2HHbIX CTOpOH B yrpaBjieHHH J14ecaMH Ha HaULHOHaJIbHOM ypOBHe, o6eciemHTb rioaepKKy ynpaBnieHHIO Ha MeCTaX H
riOTeHgHa)JbHO yIy'SiHTb ynpaBjleHHe iiecaMH Ha MeWRyHaPOHOM ypOBHe.
YnpaBneHHe - CTOmHbl npoigecc, oxBaTmIBaiowfiH rno6anbHble H MeCTHbiC CBH3H, Me)KoTpacIieBbIe CBS3H H pa3Hbie LAeH-
HOCTH; OAHaKo pacreT OCO3HaHHe TOrO, 'TO B OCHOBe MHOrHX npo6AeM niiecOB JTKaT npo6ieMbi ynipaBJTeHHH. B rioc.ieAHHe ro,bi
BO MHOrHX crpaHax nojTytleHbI onpeej,eeHHble pe3y:jbTaThI B co3gaHHH 6onee 6naronpHATHblx yCJIOBHHi nJI IecoyripaBJIeHHA.
3Ha'qHTenbHble pe3yJIbTaThi rioyeHbI B TaKHX HanpaBneHHM,x, KaK OiLeHKa nIecOB H neCoyCTpOCTBo, OA,HaKO OHH HOCAT OrpaHH-
MCHHbII xapaKrep. MewAyHapOnHaq OUeHKa H OTqeTHOCrb IieCHOM CeKTOpe HeC )aja CyuIeCTBeHHbiX pe3yflbTaTOB g  yjIytlie-
HHHI iecoXo3sAcrBeHHo geATeJIbHocTH. TeM He meHee, MO)KHO oripeeCIHTh 3JiMeHTbI 344KCTHBHoro necoyripaseHHA, 3lasiAo-
Hecsl o6HMH Aim CaMbiX pa3HbIX CTpaH. TaKiie 3.JeMCHThI MOXHO H3o6pa3HTh B BHAe ripocToHi nHpaMH,bi:
PHC. 3.5. 'IfIpaMmAa' 94eKmHBHOrO iecoynpaBnieHHA
5. l1PoBepra SFM
HpoBegeHHe ayJHTa, CCpTH   mAHK2HH HuH aHanH3a
C ycaCTHeM 3aHHTepecOBaHHbIX CTOPOH
4. PacnpocTpaHeHHe SFM
PacnpocTpaHeHa HHqPOPMaUH51 o SFM Cp,AH
rioTpe6HTeeH1 H 3aHHTepecOBaHHbIX CTOpOH
3. MeTOAbi
YCTaHOBjieH pS, ACHbIX npHHUIHnOB rioolfipeHHX H HMKU3AHHl
2. llouHTHca
HpHHsmHT JIeCHaS rIOAHTHKa, HOPMaTHBbI SFM H HopMaTHBHo-npaBoBbie aKiTb
1. PoJiH
O6cyxeHbl H pa3pa6oTaHbl POJIH 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbIX CTOpOH H yxipexqeHHHi B o6jiacTH
iiecHoro X03,HcTBa H 3emCeriojib3OBaHHsI
OCHOBLI
HpaBa co6cTBeHHocTM/BMa,eHHRl H KOHCTHTYUHOHHbiC rapaHTHH
PbIHOqHbie H HHBeCTHIIHOHHbie YCIOBHl
MexaHH3Mbl npiHBJIeCCHHR BjiHATeJIbHbIX BHCOTpaC.eBbIX y"aCTHHKOB
HpH3HaHHe pyKOBOlHIIAHX opraHOB ynpaBjeHHl .jieCHbIM XO3NHCTBOM
(B npaBHTeubcTBe, B rpwIaHCKOM o6igecTBe H 'iacTHoM ceKTope)
*    B rHpaMH,ge nepeCiHcjiAioTcA 3jTCMeHTbl 34XpeKTHBHoro ynpaBIeHHAI, KoTopbiC B 3HaiHTeJIbHOfi CTeneHH 3aBHCHT OT
3aHHTepecOBaHHbIX CTOpOH;
*    OCHoBbi 'rHpaMHTbl B ropa.wao MeHbulel4 creneriHHrioIexaT KOHTrOjIO CO cToPOHbI 3aHHTCpeCOBaHHbIX y'IaCrHHKOB JIeCHO-
ro ceKiOpa, oRHaKO Ba)1HO, ro6bl yqacrHHKH inHHMhH cAep)lHBaiOIuHe (japbI H B03MO)KHOCTH BHe iecHoro ceiopa, xmT
AaCT HM BO3MOxcHOCTb aprymeHT1pOBaTa CBOH CJyIaHl H EIHWTh Ha TCX, Kin o6AagaeT BIaCTbIO H MOxeT ynytIHTb OCHOBbI;
*    KaxKAbig Apyc npegcTaBmneT rpynny 3IieMeHTOB. UX BepTHKaJbHoC pacnouoaKeHie o3HalaeT o6 %yio nociiegoBaTenb-
HOCTh. Ho 'Ha4abHbISi'tpyC H ToUHaq rioCJICAOBaTeJIbHOCTb HpyCOB H 3JIeMeHTOB 3aBHCIT OT YCJIOBHI CTpaHbI, rIpo6neM
H BpCMeHH o6iBeHagHOHaIbHOH AHCKyCCHH;
*    3iiCMmeHTI B HH)KHHX Hpycax nHpaMH,bi HcrIOJTHAlOT 6o0ee cpyHAaMeHTanbHylo pOjib B roJyrCeHHH pe3y1ibTaTOB ripH
MHOFHX yCAOBHBX.



39
3.55 Pa3BepHyra3i cxema rpeLaCTaBnieT co6oH KOHUeHTyanjbHYIO OCHOBy 6o0nee AeTanjbHoro nojixoga K LgH-
arHOCTHKe H riiiaHHPOBaHHIO. lpot\ecc c yqacTmem MHOrHX 3aMHTepeCOBaHHbIX CTOpOH BKnioqaeT
nepHOQg HaJa)KHBaHH5 CBH3Ci H o6MeHa HH¢opMaa4HeH MeCKm  y yqaCTHHKaMH, a 3aTeM nposeAeHH4e
BOpyMa. TPH Bonpoca Heo6xo,AHMO 3a,gaTb pmH paCCMOTpeHHH lrpHMePHO rHTHeuCCTH 39InMeHTOB
3(c4eKTCHBHoro ynpaBjieHHH. HITO pa6oTaeT? lero HeT? LITO Hy)KHO cgeJiaTb? TaioKe MO)KHO rmOMnHT
npOCTylo OL1eHKY Kaxqoro siieMeHTa B 6ainax. Hloiy4eHHaH HHdOoMpmaHA 3aHOCHTCH B Ta6JlHLbl nH
KaXCoro Apyca rHpaMHAbI:
3JieMCHT       'ITO pa6oTaeT?     'lero He xBaTaeT?   O6o3HaqeHHiA       ITO HCO6XOfHMO
3acjcTHBHoro    (pe3y.ibTaT, KawceCno,  (npo6enAl, npo6neMbi)  gBeTOM 6ann  cAenaTm?
yllpaBJieHHA    B03AeAcTBHe)                           (KpaCHblf, KejiTuHi,  (nocnegMoHe
CecoM                                                  3eIieHbIA)        AefcTBHi)
3.56 3TO MeTOq He HBJneTCH KOHCPBaTThBHbIM H ripeJHa3HaieH imH TBOp4eCKOrO HCHOJ1b3OBaHHI H HOBbIX
vvAeH. B Bpa3ivlHH HPOBe,eH aHlaJH3 KOHKPeTHOH npO6nieMbI C nPHMeHCHHeM ,mAaHHoro MeTroLa. LjejIb
COCTOLhla B rpeABapHTCAbHOA o[AeHKe HpHMeHHMOCTH A0aHHOrO MeTo,ga ,II OLUeHKH COCTOHHHH ynpaB-
nIeHHH iieCHbIM X03HHCTBOM B B)pa3HA4HH H, B HaCTHOCTH, HaL1HOHaJbHOHi fieCHOH ripOrpaMMbi. 3ToT OribIT
roKa3a), 'TO gaHHbIH MeTOm HcHOJIb3yeTCq BeCbMa cy6&beKTHBHO, H ero ripaBOMepHOCTb 3aBHCHT OT TOrO,
KTO H KaKHM o6pa3OM HM HOJIb3yeTcq. 3"eK-nHBHbIA npoitecc iIiHpOKOrO yaCTHH 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbIX
CTOpOH HMeeT CyLeCTBeHHOe 3Ha4eHHe. BoAee TOFO, TOJIbKO B ciyiae aibHeluefi Jgopa6oTKmH jaHHOrO
MeTOLaa H HCHOJ1b3OBaHHH ero 3aC4y)KHBaiOlimHMH WOBepHA rpyTiraMH B [JeJOM p3IAe CTpaH H B pa3HbDX
YCJIOBHMX MO)KHO 6yLJeT npOBeCTH ero KaJIH6pOBKy H COHOCTaBHTBh roJI"eHHbie pe3yjIbTaThI.
r. 3KOHOML4qecKai OLLAeHKa neCOB 14 CpNHaHCNpOBaHi4e
06u4aB uutfiopfaltUR
3.57 flpoiueguiee meC`THJeTHe xapaKrepH3OBaROCb CjiOKHbIMH HOJ1HTH4eCKHMH H 3KoHoMHqecKHMH npo-
[\eCCaMH, CBH3aHHbIMH C cO3wgaIIHeM He3aBHCHMOrO Ka3axcTaHa. CTpyKTypHble H3MeHeHHH npOHCXO-
AHJIH B 3KOHOMHKe Ha QOHe CyigeCTBeHHOrO 6io,ereTHoro JAe4HL4HTa, nepepacnpegenieHlH TOBapHbIX
pbIHKOB, cnarAa npOH3BO,ACTBa, yxyjuiHeHHH COUHJaIbHbIX yC-iy H  Ho6Hiero coKpaDmeHHH crpoca Haceue-
HHH Ha rpOMyKrbI. TpYAHOCTH Toroi nepHogqa OKa3aXH HeraTHBHoe Bo3AeHCTBHe Ha .IeCo3aroToBH-
TeJIbHYIO H qepeBoo6pa6aTbIBaiouvMo rlpOMbIH1JIeHHOCTb KaK OCHOBHbIX rioTpe6HTejieA IieCHbiX pe-
CypCOB B CTpaHe. BOAbmiaA 4aCTb rpegrpHi THT 4epeBoo6pa6aTbIBaioHeH H Me6ejibHOH npoMbIllmeH-
HOCTH npeKpaTHnia CBOIO ge3HTeJIbHOCTb H3-3a OTCYTCTBHHi rocyAaPCTBeHHOH noJgepxKKH; OHH He MOr-
JIH KOHKYPHPOBaTh c paCTyaTHM HMrOPTOM CoBpeMeHHbIX, Ka2eCTBeHHbIX TOBaPOB H3 cTpaH EBponbI
H BFuiHwHero BocToKa.
3.58 CoraacHo geACTBymiijeMy 3aKoHo,aTe.TbCTBy pecypcbi JleCHorO poH,ga, BKIIO'LaH 3eMjllo, nIeca, pacTe-
HHH, AKHBOTHbIIi MHp H oco6o oxpaHHiembie TeppHTOpHH, He ro,1VeIKaT rpHBaTH3auHH. OgHaKo HeKO-
TOpbie pecypCbi MOryT rpe,IOCTaBJHTbCH jiH6O B KpaTKoCpo'iHy1o (go 1 rog7a), jiH6o B )IoJroCpo4Hylo
apeHwy (OT 1 roga qo 40 lIeT). OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a ynpabneHHe 3THMH peCypCaMH, BKuIIOHqa B03MO)K-
HOCTb HX HpeCgOCTaBj1eHHSI B HOJIb3OBaHHe 4aCTHbIM JIHUaM, Bo3JIo)KeHa Ha KoMHTeT JieCHoro Xo3HH-
CTBa flpH MHHCeAbXO3e (HegaaBHO repegaHHbII H3 HOAZ'4HHeHHM MHHrpHp4ogbI).
3.59,Zo 2000 r. ceKTop iiecHoro xo3HHiCTBa, yrpaBjuleMbIH KoMHTeToM iiecHoro xO3AHcTBa, oTBeiaJI 3a BCe
yHWI4H, Haq4HHaN C )iecopa3Bege     H OXpaHbI lIecOB H 3aKaHIHBaH c6biToM JieCHOU ripoAywKHH, H



40
ero geMTeJ1bHOCTb IpHHOCHJa ,gOXOJabI. Bcq oTpaCJIb 6buia paugeneHa Ha nieCxo3bl. B 2000 r. fyHKLHii
no gepeBoo6pa6oTKe, rpoH3BogCTBeHHbIe 3,qaHH5 H cOOpy)KeHHH c o6OpyJAOBaHHeM, a TaiKoe ,qpyrHe
jiecoXo3JHqCTBeHHbie (YHKmHH 6bunH nepegaHbl 113 KoMriTeHUHH TIeCXO3OB BHOBb CO3gaaHHbIM CaMo-
CTOSTejIbHbIM peCfy6jiHKaHCKHM rocygapCTBeHHbIM npegripHHTHIM (PM). 06313aHHoCTH Pm BKJIIO-
'4aIOT py6Ky neca H1 nepepa6oTKy HCXOQAHOrO CbIpbH, 3aKJa,gbIBaHHe rIHTOMHHKOB, .ieCoBoCCTaHoBH-
Te]IbHbie, jieCo3allJHTHbie H HpOMHe pa6OTbl, (p)HHaHCHpyeMbIe H3 co6CTBeHHbIX HnH 6ioJpieTHbIx
cpecTB, rIpe,Ha3HaqeHHb ,A KOMrieHCaUHH CTOHMOCTH roC3aKa3oB. B ceHTq6pe 2001 r. rpaBHTeIb-
CTBO BbIlnYCTHJOO roCTaHoBjieHHe O nepejgate PM 113 BegJeHHM KOMHTeTa nIecHoro xO351HICTBa B BegeHHe
o6jiacHbIX aKHMaTOB.
3uaqenue ,ecnou np.iiuwienuocmu
3.60 JleCHaA ripOMbIllhJeHHOCTb i4rpaCT He6oJlblllylO pOJIb B 3KOHOMHKe pecny6iin4Ki, H ee 3HaeHiHHe rocTe-
riHHO coKpaLajioCb. TeM He MeHee, 3TM OTpaC.lb MO)KeT BHOCHTb yCTOA'PrnBbIH (JHHaHCOBbI BKTa,ZJ B
3KOHOMHKY CTpaHbI HOCpeqCTBOM peaJIH3aUHH KOHKypeHTOCrOCo6Hoi JieCHOH HpOJfKHlHH, BHe,pe-
HHH yJ1yq4ieHHOHi TeXHOj1OrHH py6KH, nepepa6oTKH H rpoH3BOJCTBa.
PHC. 3.6. 06beM 1POH3BO,cTBa IiCCHOH nPOMbiuleHHOCTH B ACeHeXCHOM Bbipa)KeHHH H ee AOJLJ B BHil
18                                                                  0,12%
16                                -                                  0,10%
12                                                                   0,08% r#
1 0
0,06%
0
6                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0,04% 
2~        _        II                                             -0,029D
0  ~ ~~~~~~~~---0,00%
1994            1995            1996            1997
CTOBiMOCTb (B flOCTO0IH. LeIHaX 1995 US$ MJIH.) - + Ionsi BHF (%)
3.61 3KOHOMHiqeCKHie aHHbie no iiecHoA HrpoMbfleHHOCTi4 Ka3aXcTaHa BeCbMa orpaHH4eHbl H He oTIH-
'aloTCII TOMHOCTbIO. ,aHHbIe He KoppeKTHpyIOTCq Ha HHcJMNUHIO, He rHiBOARTCSI B e,HHO1 JgeHe)KHog
eJHH1fe, Te., B oripeeIieHHbie rOAbI B py6nxx, a B gpyri4e rogabl B TeHre. Iocne 1998 r. He cyigeCTByeT
oTge]IbHbIX JaaHHbIX no ieCHoi ripoMbllllJIeHHOCTH. B pe3ynibTaTe, HeBo3MOXKHO npOBeCTH 3HaqHMoe
COflOCTasBjeHCe gaHHbIx. Ha 6a3e HMeO1uHXCS ,gaHHbIX MOmKHO c,eiiaTb BbIBOA, MTO HpOH3BOJACTBO ape-
BeCHbIX H He,gpeBeCHbIX iePBHHHbIX n1eCHbIX fIPOAYKTOB, KOr,ga OTpaCnib HaXO,HIiaCb B Be,AlHHH KOMH-
TeTa nIeCHoro XO3flgCTBa, COCTaBj5jio 0,10% B BBrl B rog B nepHo,g c 1990 no 1997 rr. OAHaKo 3TH UdHc-
pbI He BKmiOialOT CTOHMOCTH o6¶beMa HPOI43BOICTBa JieCOXO35IqCTBeHHbIX npe,npH5THHi H1H JIeCoMa-
TepiHa;IOB, npe,gOCTameIHHbIX  j epeBOo6pa6aTbIBaiomiHx rpeqnpHAT11H, KOTOpbIe HaXOglH4jHCb B
BeJ,eHHH gpyrHX MHHHCTePCTB, B TOM iHCi4c, MHHTpaHCa, M4HnCe.IbXO3a, MHHCTPO0I. B HaCTOAMee Bpe-
mq Ka3axcTaH o6ecne4HBaeT co6cTBeHHbIMH pecypCaMH He 6ouee 20-30% noTpe6HocTH pecny6ulHKH
B IiecoMaTepHaIax. OCTaBIlaSC3H ,AOM BBO3HTCS H3 POCCHH H B MCHbIIICe CTenHHH H13 YKPaHHbi H 1eUa-
pycH, a TaKOKe HeKOTOpbIX CTpaH ,aJ1bHerO 3apy6e)Kbq (B OCHOBHOM, I4CHHaSI ,peBecHHa, HCnOjib3yeMaA
X oTenCKH Me6eiH).
Pa0u ompacm4eu, 3a6ucnu4ux om mcoawamepuar7ow
3.62 B pe3yIbTaTe 3KOHOMH4eCKHX TPYAHOCTeH nocne,Hero ,geCi1THneTH51 gepeBoo6pa6aTbIBaloiqaM H Me-
6enbHaI ripoMbIiiiJeHHOCTb HcHblTaXH 3HaTlHTeuIbHbl cna,. XOTI B 1990 r. HX HpOH3BOqCTBO COCTaB-



41
.mnio 2,7% OT o6iuero o6feMa, K 1999 r. 3Ta ulHqpa COKpaTHJaCb ,O 0,2%. B pe3ynbTaTe B 1999 r. neco-
3arOTOBKH COCTaBHnH 11iHlib 0,885 MJIH. Ky6. M no CpaBHeHHIO c 2,5 MJH. Ky6. M B 1991 r., Te., coKpaTH-
JIHCb Ha 65%.
PHC. 3.7. 061,eM HPOH3BOgCTBa AepeBoo6pa6aThmBaioHWH H Me6eAhHofi npOMhmmneHHOCTH
B AeH. BlpaHKeHHH, AOJ. B BHII
120,00                                                     0,70%
100,00                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0,60%
t 60,00-  -':                 ^                         - 0,50%
0,40%
0,30%
40,00 - - .":.                .      \                     ,0 
0,20% 
20,00 -         I-!       I                               0,10%
0,00-                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0,00%
1995      1996      1997      1998      1999
CTOHMOCTb (B rIOCTO0H. ueHax 1995 USS MInH.)  -   Aons BHH (%)
Topzo&uI Aecuwmu npodyKcmaMu
3.63 Heg,aBHO OTKpbIBllIHeC5 pbIHKH KpyrJIoH ApeBCHHbl B CoCegAHeM KHTaC, KbIprbI3CTaHe H Y36eKi4CTaHe
HMelOT IOqTH HeorpaHHMeHHblH cnpoC Ha nec, qTO rpOBejiO K roqBjeHHIO ceTH LaCTHbIX jieco3aroTo-
BHTenJbHbIX H TOpFOBbIX KOMraHHH, ge3HTenjbHOCTb KOTOpbIX copHeHTHpOBaHa Ha 3KcnopT. HaH6onee
H3BeCTHbIMH HBJIIOTC3i ToprOBbIP AO0M "Jlec BocToKa", KOTOpbIH cpaKTHqecKH MOHiHOmH3HipOBau pbI-
HOK c6bITa .neca H3 6oraTof .necaMH BocToqHo-Ka3axcTaHcKo0 o6nacTm, a TaioKe TOprOBaq 4pHpMa
"HHTepjiec", KOTOpa0I 3aHHMCaTCSm oTrpy3KOH cnaceHHoro nieca H3 o6lIIHpHbIX yqaCTKOB BbIropeBIHHX
iieCOB B paHOHe CeMHra2JaTHHCKa. B 2000 r. o6mHA 3KCriOpT Heo6pa6oTaHHoH gpeBeCHHbI COCTaBHJ
65 943 Ky6oMeTpoB, lITO B 2,4 pa3a npeBbImlaeT o6I4HH o61eM 3KCHOpTa B 1999 r. Hlo oIueHKe, 200 000
Ky6oMerpoB gpeBecCHHbI BbIBe3eHO H3 CeMHnaJIaTHHCKoro pernoHa B coceJiHHe CTpaHbI HeIeraIbHo.
PHC. 3.8. 'IHCjieHHOCTh pa6oTHIKOB AepeBoo6pa6aThBaioMIeH H Me6enhHON HpoMemJIHHOCTH,
BbIpa6oTIca Ha oAHoro pa6oTHHKa
35,000 -                                                                 12,000
30,000 -                                                                 10,000
25,000 -                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8,000
20,000 -6,000
10,000 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,0
5,000                                                                   2,000
0
1995         1996         1997         1998        1999
=    HHCjio pa6oTHHKOB  +       Bbipa6oTKa Ha O,Horo pa6oTHmKa
39ooua  utecrcaM ozqerca JwecuuxXpecypcoe
3.64 J,SI IpHHHSTHS HH14HOpMHpOBaHHbIX peIILCHHI4 o6 YHPaBjieHHH iieCHbIM XO3MHCTBOM Ba)KHo HMeTb TO'q-
HbIe gaHHbIe 0 CTOHMOCTH iiecOXO35WCTBeHHbIX npOJYKTOB H yC.nr. DTO BKiIOqaeT He TOJIbKO HipMbIe
BbIroIbi, ro.nytaeMbIe OT IieCOMaTepHaJIOB, HO TaiKce H BbIrOgbI OT HCepeBeCHbIX rIpOAMKTOB nieca, Ta-



42
KHX KaK O3AOPOBHTenJbHaq 4PyHKiAHA nieca, TypH3M, 3KOCHCTeMHbie ycTiyrH, T.n. B 3TOM oTHouIeHHH .ne-
coynpaBnieHHe B pecHy6jiHKe CHJbHO OTCTaeT. ALRawKe BbIcIIHe ,onIKHocTHbIe AHIa iiecHOHO OTpaCJIH He
HMeloT Y,AOBnITBOPHJTebHbIX gaHHb1X 0 ueHHOCTH iieCHbiX ripOxyKTOB. J4aHHbIe nO 3KOHoMHqeCKOC
ogeHKe nIecHbIx HPoLyKTOB HMeloTCS JIHlIb jO 1997 r.; OHM He oTKoppeKTHpoBaHbl Ha HHqIH1JH1O H He
rpegcTaBneHbI B egHHOHi geHe?KHoA egHHMqe, 4 TO ,eAaer HeB03MOKHOA cornocTaBHMyio OLgeHKy. C6op
JaaHHbIX rIPOBOgHTCA He o6IgeHpH5IHTblM H HeHage)KHblM croco6oM. HeBO3MOWKHO HaHTH HHcfOpMa-
iUHio o6 3KoHoMHiecKoA (B OTJI4Hqm OT c)MHaHCOBOA) oIeHKe JIeCHbIX pecypCOB. KaK BO MHOrHX qpy-
rHX CTpaHaX, HeT gaaHHbIX o6 3KOHOMHqeCKOfi oLueHKe 3KocHcTeMHbIX yCnIyi, HanpHMep, 3algHTa BOZO-
c6opa H rIOIB, peryniHpoBaHie KniHMaTa H pe HpKymiAHf rHTaTenjbHbIX BeMeCTB.
Ta6nHga 3.1. UCeHM Ha niec Ha BHyTpeHHHX H BHCMHHX pMHKaX nio AaHHbM 3a aiipejiB 2002 r. (B Aoxi. CIIIA)
BoCMOqHO-Ka3axcTaHcKaF o6niacT
BOCr&WHMI perHOH    CeMHnaaaTHHCKHII perHOH   RopoA AAMaThi
BHyTpeHHHH pSHOK
XBOHHbil IlHIOBO4HHK (KpynHbIH)   26-29               16-19
XBOHiHbiH rIH1OBOqHHK, Heo6pe3aHHblfi  45-58          39-45
XBOHHbl II HJIOBOMHHI, o6pe3aHHblA   65-78            up to 65
rHHOBOqHHK JIHCTBeHHbIX AepeBbeB,
Heo6pe3aHHblg                                                                  84-89
Kperiexubi nec                                        16
TonnhHBHa3i gpeBeciHia            5-8                 Ao 7
BHemHHii pMHOK
aKCIOpT
KpyrJnbiI nec                     42                  30-60
FHlIOBOIH1Il, o6pe3aHHbIg         90-100
HMrIopT H3 POCCHH
XBOHHblH rIHJOBOH4HHK             78-97                                         97-99
Cma6wnw3aqux coneeux eWioCo0
3.65 HIpaBMTeJbcTBO norgepwano nporpammy no o6.neceHHIO caKcayniaMI BbIcoXllero AHa ApaxbcKoro Mop3.
KpH3MC Apa.na XOpOIIIO 13BecTeH. BeccTo4Hoe mope c 1960 r. o6MeenIo Ha 80%, o6HaJKHB BbIcoxillee 17HO
rvioigagbio 6o0nee 36 Tmic. KB. KM H BbB3BaB 3KOJoriolecKMtf KpH3HC. 3eMnIH B paHoHe Apana noKpbrfbi
TOJICTbIM cJioeM COjiH H OCTaTOqHbIX XMMHMeCKHX yo6peHHM, KOTOpbIe riepeHOCHTCH CHIbHbIMH BeTpa-
MM Ha paCCTOAHHHt OT 250 go 300 KM, lITO HeraTHBHbIM o6pa3oM BnmHeT Ha cejibcKoxo3,LWTBeHHbie KyJIb-
Typbl, eCTeCTBeHHYIO paCTHTeJIbHOCTb, Ka,eCTBO Bo3gyXa H BOJabl, 3,OPOBbe jiogaeH H KHBOTHbIX. flo o1eH-
KaM, BeTPOM e)KeroIHo BblHOCHTC5 75 MJIH. TOHH TOKCH'4eCKO1 COJIH H rbuH.1 1 XOTH rpeNioOKeHbi ruia-
HbI no yBcJIHT1HMHlO BOflbI B ApaAe, oTO6bi cra6Hww3HpOBaTm npoiecc ero pa3genjeHfHf Ha ABe qaCTm, no
cerogHNlIUHHA geHb B 3TOM HarpaBTIeHHH cgeiiaHo oqeHb MaJio, H MaJIOBepOATHO, 'TO BOga B Apaie goc-
THrHer npexcHero YPOBHH H roKpoeT BCC o6HaXuHBiBeecH AqHO. HlpaBHTrebcTBo HaTano nporpammy no
co3JAaHHlO CaKCaYJIbHbIX niecOB Ha o6111HpHblX 3acoj1eHHbix rmOLag5x B LeJMX cHHIKeHH5I HeraTHBHOrO
Bo3aeiiCTBHM BeTpOBO1H 3pO3HH H cojneBbIX HaHOCOB. Ha o6HaAWBmleMcs AHe Apaia wUoua,bIo 3,6 MJIH.
ra flJiaHHpyeTCH 3aca1mTb caKcayiiom 115,5 ThiC. ra. (IaKTMxecKH MepeBbHMM 3acaxDeHO TOJIbKo 34,6 Tmic.
ra, H rIJIaHTaUH1M BbDKHJIH JlHIIb Ha 20,4 ThiC. ra (TO COCTrabJeT 0,6% BbICOXIuerO AHa). Pe3y.nbTaTir npo-
ipaMMbl B ej11oM C4HTalOTC3I Hey.OBJmeTBOpHTejIbHbIMH (CM. Ta6JnHuy 5).
3.66 rpaBHTeJIbCTBO XOTeJio 6bI npO1qOjDKHTb nporpammy no o6.ueceHHlo BbICOXfllerO ,Ha Apaiia. HpM
3TOM Bo3HHKalOT ABa BonpOca: 1) KaKHe BbIFOfbI npHHeceT Hiogo6Ha31 KpyrIHa3 HHBeCTHLIHq? 2)
l'Kpu3ucApaa, FIPOOH, TaiKeCHT, 1995.



43
AIBJ3ieTC5I Jll rHocaAKa caKcaynIbHoro nieca HaH6ojiee 3KOHOMH1'HbIM nyTeM CTa6HJHI3auHH cojie-
BbIX H fbl11eBbIX BbIHOCOB? Hlo nepBOMy BOHpOCy HeT KOHKpeTHoro OTBeTa. YMep6, rHiHqHHeMbiA
ce bXO3KyHbTypam     HaCT6HuaaM, Ho oueHKe, COCTaBJI5eT 0-10%, H cagam 10-15%, o,ixHaKo JgaHHbIe
He arperHpOBaHbO.'2 TameKe HeqCHO, BbI3BaH JIH 3TOT 3(PeKT TOJIbKO COj1eBbIMH BbIHOCaMH HJIH
TaKKe Jpyr4HMH paKTopaMH (Haip., coepKaHem COJIH B IIOJIHBHOH Boge). To we camoe MO)KHO
CKa3aTb H 0 Bo3,qeAcTBHH Ha 3AOPOBbe. EgHHOrO MHeHHA He cyIeCTByeT ga)e cpejI4 yqeHbIX OT-
HOCHTeJIbHO o6feMa cojieBorO BbIHoCa.13 flo BTOpOMy BOrpOCcy cie,gyeT OTMeTHTb, qTO noca,gKa
CaKCaynJbHHKa Ha BbICOXulleM jAHe ApaJia He egiIHCTBeHHbIH cnoco6 OCTaHOBKH COJeBbIX BbIHOCOB
H, B03MO)KHO, He CaMbil peHTa6eJIbHbIH C TOIKH 3peHHH CTOHMOCTH. HeraTHBHbIe riocjieJCTBHI
BbICbIxaHi5I Apana onpeAaeneHHo BbIXO,R51T 3a paMKH OAHHHX TOJIbKO COJIeBbIX BbIHOCOB, H B aojiro-
CpOqHOA nepcneKTHBe 6o0nIbue nOJ1b3bI npHHeCeT KOMruieKCHaM CTpaTerH4M, BKJIIlOqalollaq acoeK-
THBHOe ynpaBnieHHe BOJAHbIMH pecypcamH H yCTOHqHBOe 3eMJIeHOJIb3OBaHHe.14 B KpaTKOCpO'HOM
nniaHe 6ojiee 3KOHOMH'qHO rpHMeHHTb aJIbTepHaTHBHYIO TeXHOjOIrH1o rOCa,qKH ,AHCTHXJIHCa/Co-
JnIsHKH (CM. BCTaBKy 2). PeKOMeHJgyeTcsl HpOBeCTH ,AaA1bHeAuIIHH 3KOHOMHqeCKHA aHaJIH3 (3aTpaT-
BbIrO,) ajibTepHaTHBHbIX rO,AXOgaOB K CTa6HJ1H3aLHH cojieBOrO CJ1Oq, MTo6bI oHipegenJHTb o6teM
gOHOJIHHTeJIbHbIX HHBeCTHUHH.
Bbudeienue Kuclopoda u noanouteHueyaleKuUlozo za3a 6 ammoc(fepe
3.67 BocCTaHoBMeHHe, co3gaaHHe HOBbIX nIecOB H HaCT6HW H HX HajveKatuee cojepxKaHi4e ipHH4eCy TaioKe
BbiOrobi, CBA3aHHbIe C BbigeiieHHeM KHciopojga H rorFjoOiieHHeM yrJieKi4cjioro ra3a B aTMocQepe. B 6y-
JyeM TaKoe CBOHCTBO nO3BOJIHT HOJyq4HTb 3HaqHTeSJbHYlO  I4HHaHCOBMIO BblIOAY OT TOpFOBJ1H yriie-
pOJAHbIMH KBoTaMH. MHPOBOA pbIHOK TOprOBj1H yrJiepO,HbIMH KBOTaMH 6blCTpO paCTeT H yBejiHqHTClT
BTpOe Ho mepe ro,rOTOBKH KOMraHHH K KHOTCKOMy HpOTOKOJy o6 OrpaHHqeHHH BbI6pOCOB yriieKHc-
jioro ra3a. YnpaBRueMbiA BCeMHpHbiM 6aHKOM HIpoTOTHnHbIA yrniepojAHbIA qOH, (HlYq)) HHBeCTHpyeT
Cpe,gCTBa B rpoeKTbI, KOTOpble o6ecne'IHBaIoT COKpaleHHe BbI6pOCOB rapHHKOBbIX ra3OB. Ha ceroj-
HMI[HHH geHb BceMHpHbIA 6aHK yqacTByeT B 26 rpoeKTax no 3aKynKe COKpaileHHM Bbi6pOCOB B cpe,-
HeM HpH iueHe US$3-4 3a TOHHy. HegaBHo Ho JIHHHH HIY4) ogo6peHo 4PHHaHCHpOBaHHe nO 3aKynKe
yrniepOJHbIX KBOT B paMKaX npoeKra o6j1eceHHI 6,728 ra gerpa,AHpOBaHHbIX cenjbXO33eMenib B PyMbI-
HHH. HIY() H  OpegCTBHT US$3,67 MJIH. ,L,M 3aKyrfKm CHH)KeHHSI Cogep)KaHHM yrJIeKHcjioro ra3a B aTMOC-
#epe 3a Ct-eT HOCagJKH HOBbIX JieCOB. Ka3aXcTaH Mo)KeT yBejil4Hq4Tb B03MO)KHOCTb roJI"eHM5A ,jOXOAOB
OT iiecOB H naCT6HHI 3a CieT y'aCTHH B pbIHKe TOpFOBJIH yrjiepOJHbIMI4 KBoTaMH. MO;KHO HaqaTb BbIC-
TpaHBaTb ropT4Iejib riOpKTOB newpaMegeHHA Ha AByCTOpOHHeP OCHOBe C OTJIeSjbHbIM14 qaCTHbIMH
KoMraHH4MH, KoTopbIe HBJIHIOTcH HCTO'IHHKaMH BbI6pOCOB yrjieKHcj1bix ra3OB. Ho ,Zgnq roJ"eHHHM B03-
MO)KHOCTH npojgaBaTm ynePO,Hbie KpegHTbI no CxleTy MexaHH3Ma qiHCTOrO pm3BHTH5 H rOjIyqi4Th BbI-
ro,gy OT ITY(D, Ka3aXCTaHy Heo6Xo,LMo oripegeju4HThC C rpaBOBbIM CTaTYCOM B PaMO'qHOH KOHBeH[4HH
OOH o6 H3MeHeHHH KnIHMaTa.
Mexanu3as tewoo6pa3oearnui
BamsobIe cma6Ku nonenuou    ozamu
3.68 B ipollIimoM rinaTa 3a gpeBecilHy, OTHyCKaeMy1O Ha KOpHIO (noneHHasi onjiaTa) paCC'IH4TbIBajiaCb Ha
OCHOBaHHH rogXxo,ga, rpHHMTOrO B CCCP, 6e3 yqeTa q4aKTH'.qeCKHX pbIHO'qHbIX iAeH Ha 3arOTOBjieH-
2 Oi4euKa coz4uaW ouo-1KooHawutiecKCoo yu4ep6a, Mb3a7-rnooo noniuxcenuem ypoeuf Apaw, npoeKT INTAS-RFBR 1733, npoeKr
HATO SFP 974357, 2001.
i3,9KajoouYecKue npo6CeAm uyCmoaliu6oepa.36umue 6 6accetmeApawa, M. H. Glantz (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1999.
14 "KpH3HC B 6acceHiHe Apana: HlepexoRHbIA nepHo, H oKpyxaioniaA cpega B cTpaHaX LjeHTpaJIbHOA A3HHn", M. Spoor, Pam3umue
u nepemenu, Vol. 29 (1998).



44
HbliH Iec. LUeHbI paCCHHTbIBaJIHCb Ha 6a3e OpHeHTHpOBOHHOA CTOHMOCTH. TeopeTH4ecKH CpeAHHH
I4eHa 3a OA1HH Ky6oMeTp iieca JAOJDKHa 6bmla QOpMHpOBaTbC5L H3 pacweTa CpeC,HHX 3aTpaT KoMHTeTa
Ho iieCHOMY X03,iCTBy Ha ero rpOH3BOACTBO. TaKHe 6a3HCHbie L"eHbl rO3AHee COKpaHaRHCb JqO MH-
HHMaIbHOA rJlaTbI nO, HaAKHMOM rpegripATHA JIeCHoH ipoMbiHuhieHHOCTH H He HOKpblBaJIH npo-
H3BOACTBeHHbIX 3aTpaT. B rocJie1HHe roRbi HpaBHTeJIbCTBO BbInyCTHno HOCTaHoBjieHHM Ng 536
(2001 r.) H N9 431 (2002 r.), B KOTOpbIX yCTaHaBJIHBalOTC5 HOBbIe npaBHnia o6 HCHHCiieHHH CTaBOK
riniaTbI 3a niecorOJIb3oBaHHe. B pe3yJIbTaTe 6a3OBbIe CTaBKH norieHHOi orJIaTbI gojiOKHbl HCqHCjUiTbCA
C yqeTOM pbIHO4HOH LWeHbI KOHe4HbiX ipO,AYKTOB (Harp., KpyrjlbIf nec Ha pbIHKe) 3a BbiqeTOM 3aT-
paT, HOHeceHHbIX jiecoHonJb3oBaTejieM, ero HOpMbi rpH6bUrH, 3aTpaT Ha TpaHcrOPTHPOBKY H C6blT H
T.H. 3aTeM K 6a3oBoA CTaBKe rinnaTbI ipHMH4meeTC3 nOBbiluaollOHe HnH HOHH)KalOUA1He Ko3¢(H14HeH-
TbI, y'-lHTbIBaiOuAHe pa3mep cpy6ueHHoro gqepeBa, peuIbec), TeXHojiorHio py6KH, y,xanjeHHOCTb niecoce-
KH OT AOpor o6uAero HOJ1b3OBaHHH H T.fi. HoBaqL 6a3oBaH CTaBKa rnIiaTbI B HeCKOJIbKO pa3 Bbliue ripe-
gbiJgyuleH (Harip., B 6,6 pa3 BblIiie ,AA XBOHHbIX H TBepAJbiX LIIHPOKOhHCTBeHHbIx riopog). HoBaA CHC-
TeMa AeHiCTBHTenjbHO BBOJAHT KOHUHUOnLg4o pbiHO4HOH [feHbl. OAqHaKO Ha ipaKTHKe peajiH3OBaTb ee
COrJIaCHO 3a,yMaHHOMY BeCbMa TpyAHO, ecJiH 3TO Boo6lJe B03MOAKHO. C6op BCeH Heo6Xog4HMog
HH(OpMopaHH O [JeHax, 3aTpaTax H  4H3HMeCKHX xapaKTepHCTHKax nOTpe6yeT BbIXOAIllHX 3a pa-
3YMHbie npeAeuIbi paCXOAOB. TaKwe CHCTeMa repeKiagbIBaeT 6peMq OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3KOHOMH4CC-
KOH O1]eHKH c roKyriaTei5l neca Ha KoMHTeT iieCHOFO xO3IAHcTBa. HlOCTaHOBjieHHM He coAiepxKaT HO-
jTOxKeHHH4 o6 HHLgeKCHpOBaHHH [ieH Ha HH4MI3H110 HHJI Kojie6aHH4 pbIHOHHbIX [ieH. KaK aubTepHa-
THBHbIli BapHaHT MOiKHO paCCMOTpeTb CHCTeMy, KOTOpa3 6o0nee opHeHTHPOBaHa Ha pbIHOK, HanpH-
Mep, Qopmy ayKuIHOHa. OnpeAeueHHbIe yciexH HpOJeMOHCTpHpOBa.Ja CHCTeMa KOHUeCCHOHHbIX
ayK[iHOHOB ,IAS qaCTHbIx rpegrpH4THHI, BBeAeHHaS B ApyrHX cTpaHax (cM. BCTaBKy 3). TaKai cHcTe-
Ma HMeeT rOTeHIHaJI yBeniHIHTb 6LojXeTHbie g7OXOJ1bI OT IiecOB, riOCTaBHTb CTaBKH riOrieHHOH onua-
Tbl B 3aBHCHMOCTb OT pbIHO4HbIX peaJlbHOCTePH H iepenO)KHTb pHCK [IeHOBbIX peHieHHH Ha iaCTHbie
npeArpH5ITH5I. KOHe4HO, cuiegyeT o6ecneH4Tb HaniHqH4e AOCTaTO4HOrO q4HcJia y4aCTHHKOB ayKUHOHa,
4To6bI o6ecrieiHTb KOHKypC, OTCYTCTBHe He3aKOHHOrO croBopa Me,y "HaCTHHKaMH ayIK[HOHa H
AOJDKHOCTHbIMH inHLaMH, aTMocepy rIiaCHOCTH. HIPH 3TOM ipaBHTeJIbCTBO MO)KeT YCTaHOBHTb pe-
3epBHYlO [IeHy, HH)Ke KOTOpOH rpoQga)Ka c ayK[iHOHa He rpOBOJ1HTCS1; ga)Ke OT3bIBaTb KOH[IeCCHIO
HIH OTCYTCTBHH 44OCTaTO4HOIO 'Hcjia y"aCTHHKOB. fHOMHMO 3TOrO, rpH cyMeCTBYlOWeH CHCTeMe
eCTb pHCK KOppynIAHH, IOCKOJIbKy rIJIOXO OJna44HBaeMbIX AOJADKHOCTHbIX .JH[ iiecHoro ceKTopa MO)K-
HO "y6egl4Tb" HCKYCCTBeHHO 3aHH3HTb CTOHMOCTb nieca Ha KOpHIO, TeM CaMbIM, MHHHMH3HpOBaB HO-
reHHyIO orilaTy.
Thama 3a He(pe6ecmble,7ecHibepecypcbl
3.69 luiaTa 3a BTOPOCTeIieHHbIe .IeCHbie riOpoyKTbI H He CBB3aHHoe c ApeBeCHbIMH MaTepnHjaIMH nieco-
HOJIb3OBaHHe B3HMaeTC31 C jieCOHOJIb3OBaTeAeA HO CTaBKaM, yrBepKgaeMbIM o6uacTHbIMH ynOAHO-
Mo'-eHHbIMH opraHaMH (MacuHxaTaMH). B OTJIH4He OT norieHHoi rIiaTbI, rinaTa 3a He.peBeCHbienec-
HbIC peCypCbl OiCHb HaHOMHHaCT cTapyIO COBeTCKYIO CHCTeMy. CTaBKH HIlaTbI HC'4HCATC. H3 CTO-
HMOCTH Tpyja H ApyrHX peCypCOB, HCO6XOAHMbIX AA1 OXpaHbl, BO3o6HOBjiCHHSI H YMHO)KCHHII pe-
cypca. 3aTpaTbI Ha TPY, BKnlOlialOT nOMBOOxpaHHbIe, IiecOBOCCTaHOBHTeCJbHbIe pa6OTbl, rpOTHBOrO-
)KapHylO geS1TCJIbHOCTb H HHBeHTapH3a[iHlo/y4eT iiecOB. 3aTpaTbl Ha IieCOBOCCTaHOBjieHHe npegno-
iiaraloT CO3AaHHHe Hr1aHTa[iH4, rIOgFOTOBKy ijioIUaAOK H T.I. 3aTeM K 6a3oBbIM CTaBKaM rni aTbl ripHMC-
H.ICTCA KO3q4HiuHCHT, KOTOpblH yM1HTbIBaCT gOCTyrIHOCTb neca, BbiXO  rpogyKTa, ero KOH[eHTpa-
UWiO H gpyriHe 4raKTOpbI. lnaTa He ROJDKHa ripeBbIH1aTb 20% OT cpeqHCe pbIHO4HOA UCHbi HlOAIyleH-
Horo HpOJyKTa. OqeBHAHO, 'ITO 60oubmaq 4aCTb AOXOgOB OT c6Opa TaKoA rinaTbI HaripaBjnqeTC  B
MCCTHbIe 6iogwefbI.



45
Ta6ArnHa 3.2. Ba3oBIe cTaBKH InOneHHOH imaTm (2002 r. B US$)
,AeAOBaA ,pCBeCHHa                           ApoBniHaH
(6e3 IOpM, B 3aBHCHMOCTH ar AHame7pa         ApCBeCHHa
Ompew3OB CTBOna B BepxHeM Topixe)            (B rope)
JIecHaA nopo,a                      xpynnan        cpeAEi          MeJiKa
(> 24 cM)      (13 to 24 cM)   (3 to 12 cM)
CocHa                               7.92           5.65            2.79          1.10
Enb lIIpeHKa                        10.32          7.34            3.64          1.43
EIb cH6HpcKas, nHxTa                7.14           5.06            2.53          0.84
JIHCTBeHHHua                        6.36           4.55            2.21          0.78
Kejp                                14.29          10.19           5.00          1.23
Apqa (MowoKeBeIbHHK. peBoBHAHbIfi)  9.55           6.75            3.38          1.43
gy6, HceHb                          14.29          10.19           5.00          2.21
OIbxa HepHax, KJeH, BM3, nHna       3.18           2.27            1.10          0.71
CaKcayni                            0.00           0.00            0.00          3.25
Bepe3a                              3.57           2.53            1.23          0.84
OcHHa, HBa ApeBoBHHaHA, TOM)Th      2.79           1.95            0.97          0.58
Opex rpeuKlil, (.HcTarKa            17.34          12.40           6.10          1.88
A6pHKoc, aKauHA 6e)am, ajibma, BHIHSI,
cnHBa, a6jioHR, npoqHe ApeBeCHbie riopogbi  10.13  7.21            3.57          1.23
MowoKeBeJbHHK, KeIpOBbIfl cTIiaHHHK                                1.82          0.97
AKaiQHA )KeJITaA, TaMapHCi,
HBa KyCTapHI4KOBaA, o6JenHxa, xpy3ryH,
I1HHru, rIp.KycTapHHKH                                             1.04          0.65
3.70 TaioKe KaK H B cJiy!.Iae co cTaBKaMH noreHHoH ruiaTbl, 3Ta cHcTeMa pe3BblaHHO cJIo)KHa. AHaJIH3 nnia-
TbI 3a HpeBeCHbie nIecHbIe npojAyKTbl, o,Ao6peHHoA MaCIiHxaTaMH, B pge o6nacTeg roKa3bIBaeT 3Ha-
4HTeJIbHOe pacxoxKeHHe, ITO CBH,eTCJIbCTByeT 0 HeOCJIneAOBaTeJbHOM ripHMeHeHH4 MeTOAOjiOrHH
L4eHoo6pa3OBaHHA. CHCTeMa OTOu1ia OT pbIHKa euAe 6o0Jbie m   eM B riepBOM cJyrae. OHa gaeT Mano
CTHMYJIOB JAOJDKHOCTHbIM JHI4aM COKpaI.laTb 3aTpaTbl H ,AaaKe MO)KeT Bbl3BaTh HX rOBbilHeHHe, CHH)KaeT
rOTeHLHaJ HonyMeHHH1 goxoga OT HeqpeBeCHOH 11eCHOH lipOgyK1I4HH H He rapaHTHpyeT goCTyna AM
MeCTHbIX o6lIHH. fOKa He cyecByeT ycTaHoBJIeHHoro HopI1,Ka B3HMaHH5i 3eMeJ1bHOFO Haniora 3a
HCrIOJIb3OBaHHe crieiHaaJbHO oTBegeHHbIX ieCCHbIX TeppHTOpHmA , HCfOjib3OBaHHA B CeJIbCKOX03HH-
CTBeHHbIX UeJIAx, HanpHMep, raCTb6bI. 3TO Bbl3BaHO, B OCHOBHOM, TeM, 4TO HanorM ,oJDKHbl HCHHC-
JITbC5 C yqe4TOM CTOHMOCTH 3eMjiH, HO o4eHKa 3eMeJb cejIbCKOXO3,HcTBeHHorO Ha3Ha4eHHI He ripo-
Be,geHa. ,J,  HCHOJIb3OBaHHR pecypcoB )KHBOA ipHpO,bI H pbi6HbIX pecypcoB nLnaTa YCTaHaBnHBaerCm
rOCTaHoBJ1eHH51MH pecny6iHKaHcKoro IpaBHTeJbcTBa H Hc4HCJIAIeTCA Ha OCHOBe 3aTpaT Ha ynpaBJle-
HHe H pbIHO4HbIX 4eH (KaK ripaBHIo, 32-47% OT pbIHOMHbIX 4eH). ,aOIOJIHHTeJbHbie c6opbl B pa3mepe
US$150-200 yIJaqHBalOTCA 3a yCyrH "pa6oTHHKOB OXOTHHqbero xo3AAcTBa", 'TO geiiaeT oxoTy no-
TeH]4HaAbHO HpH6blJbHOA c4epofl geATeJIbHOCTH. [DiaTa 3a IIOJIb3OBaHHe KHBOH rpHpoJO   rH OBbillme-
Ha B 2002 r., HO, ytlHTbIBaAI o6ecreHHBaHHe TeHre, B gOJUIapOBOM BbIpaxKeHHH OHa cPaKTHmeCKH CHH3H-
IiaCb.
3.71 MnaTa 3a HOJIb3OBaHHe pecypCaMH )KIBOH flpHipogb ,i    rpaaH Ka3aXcTaHa HIxe, qeM     ,u4 HHOCT-
paHHbIX rpaxqaH. O,IHaKo CyHieCTBYIOT CBHCTTenjbCTBa 0 TOM, HTO MecTHoe HaceiieHHe He MO?KeT Ho-
3BOJIHTb ce6e Oniia'HBaTb 3TH pecypCbl, rOCKOJIbKy BbIXO  iieCHOA nIpoQyK,4HH, KaK fIpaBHIO, HH2Ke
rO,OBbIX KBOT; lOCTynneHHie O6I3aTeJLbHbIx rLuaTe)KeH qBjiLeTcq HeCZTOCTaTOqHbIM H OTMeaeTCSA pOCT
6paKOHbepCmBa. Pa3yMeeTcA, TaKaA TeHgeHLH5A MoKeT 6blTb pe3ynbTaTOM nepeHanpaBIeHHA BCeX rio-
cTymAeIHHH OT HOJIb3OBaHH   XKHBOH nIpHpOAOH B pecny6flHKaHCKHH 61iojxeT, HaqHHaH C 1999 r., no-
CKOJIbKy co3gaeT MaIo CTHMYJ1OB AV1 MeCTHOrO HaCeJieHHH COXpaH3Tb pecypc H MaIO CTHMyJIOB Aim
MeCTHK Bix  aCTeH C06HpaTb rIlaTy. DaKmMmecH, c6op COKpaTH1CA Ha 16% c US$540 667 B 1998 r. go



48
IJCCHbIC eoHatl 
|   HeCHallOrO cCTyl TH    a             p|                     Hum, C60pU UH V. o6(3aHB    oTecoH
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pC3YPCOHOJlb30BaTeJieA    noTtp}l )lCcHoro    OTTlYCK gepeBbeB Ha KOpH10 HIbB           3.          C60p 3a
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HogaTeabCTBa H 3aKOHOB    ie)lBX             nmIlO6aa oKn ApUHbl, bCTH ,                                        3yeM3X
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- nipoAaaKa KOHLHCKOBMH-  \H  IponpHhJ                                           \ e He ne
Horo OXOTHUlqberO H                          - Hcriojlb3oBaHUC JleCHOrO\I                           I 
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H He3aKOHHO Ao6biTbx\                                                             \I 
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,   s~~~~~k         5              l~~~IoA,wmmer uoTqmcAeHEin           ,i' 
MCTbie (o6iiaCmbie) 610iKo U               COV12CHO 3aKOHY O                   Pen6HaCH 6= =      eT
MHHllpHpOAU H OXpaHUW OKp. cpeaubl
AlWlHH ICTpaTop 610,peCTHoh uporpaKmbl 
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49
PHC. 3.11. IIocTynnIeHHA OT JICCHOrO Xo3JiHCTa (B IlOCTOHHHbX geHax 1995 USS MJIH.)
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.6                                                      /
0.4
0.2
0
1997           1998           1999          2000           2001
+     HpOrHo3        *    (amiTH.
BcTaBiCa 3.4. 06Mai 31C0HOMHqeCCax OgeiHKa JiCcOB: OnbIT CTpaH BOCTOqHOH EBpollLl H UeHTpaabHOA A3HH
BceMHpHbli 6aHK HegaBHo rlpegocraBHa rioMoIb Ppy3HH H PyMbIHHH B lipOBeqeHHH o6tefi 3KOHOMHeCCKOH OUHKH (030)
IieCHbIX pecypcOB. 3a riocieAHHe Aecmin neT rPY3HsI H PyMbIHHS rIO;Iy'4HJH CXOAHblH c Ka3axcTaHOM OlIbIT B o6nacTH iiecHoro
xo3APicTBa: ge4CH1HT Ha,Jexiaeaero yxoAa 3a JieCHbIMH pecypCaMH, 3HaiHTejIbHOe yBejllMCHHe HeIeraJbHbIx py6oK neca, noTepni
PbIHKOB gpeBeCHHbl H ynagOK gepeBoo6pa6aThiBaio1eC nIpoMbimieHHocTH. EHHCrBeHHOe pa3wH'He COCTOHT B TOM, WTO PyMbI-
HHA npOBeJia taCrHWHyiO peCTHTyLHiO iieCOB, nepegaB HX ,aCTHbiM BjiagejIbUaM B 1991 r., H paccMaTpHBaeT BO3MOx)Hocrb npoAon-
)KeHHL nporpaMMbL 030 - MeTOg, HCHOJIb3yeMbWi WM oripegeiieCHHi H OueHKH AeHeXKHOA CrOHMOCTH BCeX 3KOHOMHWeCKHX BbI-
roj, rioJlyQaeMbIX o6igecTBOM OT iieCOB. Flo cyrH, 030 BbIXOAHT 3a paMKH Tpa,H1\HOHHOro aHaiH3a JlecHOli CTOHMOCrH, KOTOpblHi
HOtTH HCKI]OqO'HTenbHO coCpeAoToleH Ha ApeBeCHb[X pecypcaxy rIOCKOJnbKy InPHHHMaeT B pacteT 6oJIbmoe pa3Hoo6pa3He Apyrix
rpOpyKrOB H yCnyr, o6ecnexrnBaeMbLx ueCHOfi CHCreMO. TaKOH 6onee KOMrIeKCHbIH nOAXOJ K O;eHKe IieCHbIX peCypcOB HO3BOJA-
eT Ha OCHOBe 030 1IpHHHMaTh HH(POpMHpOBaHHbIe peiiieHHA no JIecoycTpoHcrBy H JIecoyripaBJIeHHIO, nOKa3bIBa35 HOJIHbie Bbiro-
gbl H 3aTpaTmI jM o6umecrBa HCfIO]Ib3OBaHHH anbTepHaTHTBHbIX peXHMOB ynpaBnjeHl4 H CTpaTerHH HcriOJnb3OBaHHSI H He HCHOJIb-
3OBaHHsI pecypcOB. 030 neca ripeAcTaisMeT Co6oH CyMMy CrOHMOCTIeH nOJlb3OBaHHA (Cr) H CFOHMOCreH HeHcnoIJIb3OBaHHS (CHHI).
CTOHMOCTH HIOJIb3OBaHHH, B CBOIO ol4epeAb, IORpa3AejiAlOTCH Ha flp35Mbie (HCI), KOCBeHHbie (KCf) H oriUHOHHbie CrOHMOCTH
(OC), B TO BpeMSi KaK CrOHMOCTH HeHCHOJIb3OBaHHA BKHOUIO4OT CTOHMOCTb 3aBeigaTeaebHoro oTKa3a OT rlOJnb3OBaHHS (3OfI) H
CTOHMOCTH cyruecroBBaHHrn (CC). HpHMepbi pa-nHHHoro HcHOJIb3OBaHHM CTOHMOCTeHI BKJIIO4alO1T
*     lpsiMoe nOlTb3OBaHHe: gpeBeCHbhI MaTepHann, rMOAbl, opexH, rpH6bi, JeKaPCTBeHHbie pacTeHH), KOpM, OXOTa H pbi6o-
JIOBCTBO, TYPH3M H OTjbiX, reHeTHmecKHe pecypCbl, HOJTb3OBaHHe B O6pa3OBaTeJIbHbIX Llemix.
*    KOCBeHHoe nOJIb3OBaHHe: BOAO- H notIBOoXpaHa, peryJIHPOBaHHe KJIHMaTa, peULHpKyMLA9nH  fIHTaTeJbHb1X BeLUecTBa.
*    OriUHOHHoe: 6yguee FlpqMOe H KOCBeHHOe HOJIb3OBaHHH.
030 iieca HC'4HCMaTCH cJIieyOiuHM o6pa3OM: 030 = CnI+ CHI= ICHI + FCHrl + OC + 3C + CC
IlogxoR 030 rbITaeTCH oripegeiHTb BCC COOTBeTCTBYIOHIHe CBUI3H MexCKy LeHHOCTMMH iieca H oflpegejIHTb BCe KOMripO-
MHCCHbie peueHH4si MeXMy TpaAHUHOHHbIMH pbIHO4HbMMH CTOHMOCT5MH H, KaK ripaBHnO, 3KOJIOrHLeCKHMH yCnyraMH, KOTO-
pbre He;Ib3, oLueHHTb B AeHbrax. B TO BpCMH KaK OT HeKOTOpbIX BH,OB HOJIb3OBaHHH HJIH ieHHOCTeiH 6ygyr Bcerga OTKa3blBaTb-
C1 B FIOJIb3y ApyrHX BHAOB, 030 SCHO onpeAemeT KOMripOMHCCHbie pellleHHA, nomoraiowme H36eXaTb riOjIHTHKH, KOTOpaS
rpHBBegeT K ipe3MepHoA AerpaAaLuHH oKpylKalolleH cpeAbi H He ABjMAeTCH OllTHM2JIbHOH B COU1HaIbHOM nnJaHe.
BBHAy OTCYTCTBHI5 gaHHbIX, 030 B FPY3HH He cMor;Ja KOIHqeCTBeHHO paCCIHTaTb KOCBeHHbie, OfIUHOHHbie CTOHMOCTH
HnH ileHHOCTH He nOJIb3OBaHH5i. TeM He MeHee, gaKe npH OTCyTCTBHH TaKHX CTOHMOCTer IIHCTaSI rogoBasi CTOHMOCTb yCTOA-
HHBOH jieCO3arOTOBKH cocTaBHJa MeHee flo;IOBHHbl OT KOHCepBaTHBHO orlpeAeJAeMoH o6m4eH CTOHMOCTH rpy3HHCKHX IieCOB
COCTaBHBmieHt 24,8 MInH. USS. rHOIHTHecCKHe HOCJ1egCTBHA TaKOH O1eHKH COCTOAT B TOM, 1ITO rpy3HHCKOe o6rmeCTBO Mo)KeT
rlOJY1IHTb OT JieCOB ropa3go 6oumbme ueHHOCTeHi, a rpy3HHCKOe npaBHTeJIbCTBO MO)KeT rioJ1ytaTb ropa3Ao 6o0mbme gOXOAOB,
eCJIH iiecoynpanjieHHe 6yAeT opraHH3OBaHO C cHeTOM MaKCHMmaJbHO1H o6n1eA 3KOHOMH'4eCKOA UeHHOCTH AMI o6rgecTBa, a He
rpOCTO c v'4eTOM CTOHMOCTH 3arOTOBKH gpeBeCHHbl.
AHauH3 030 B PyMbIHHH gau HaH6ojiee Ba)KHble KOJ1HICeCTBCHHbie 3HateHHM IpAMbIX (3a HCKHOioeHHCM TypH3Ma) H
KOCBeHHb1X ueHHOCTeH IOJIb3OBaHHq pecypcOB HO He OHLIHOHHbie 3HaHeHHiA. OUeHKa noKa3aIa, tTO rOgOBaxI CTOHMOCTb
nieca, OTHyCKaeMorO Ha KOpHIO, COCTaBjiqeT US$106 MHH., RHMb 3.4% OT 030, B TO BpeMA KaK KOCBeHHaA ueHHOCTb 6bmua
rOpa3AO Bbrime - US$3 096 MAH., Te., 99.2% OT 030. HORHTH1ecmie cueHapHH, pa3pa6OTaHHbie Ha 6a3e rloflyqeHHbIX pe3ynb-
TaTOB, nOcJy1mKHH o6OCHOBaHHeM peKoMeHgauHH: PyMbIHHH He ciegyeT paCCMaTPHBaTb npoBegeHHe aJIbHeHiUe peCTHTy-
IxHH JIeCOB, noKa He 6ygeT npoBeAeHa pe4opMa ceKTopa; H game B cuyLiae TaKHX pe(OPM He Bce neca, paHee 6bIBmLHe B
'iaCTHOH co6cTBeHHocTH, AOI)KHbl BO3BPargaTbC51 HX BjiaenbiLaM, a JIHLilb H3 pacwema MaKcHMmabHo 30 ra KaXKOMy.



50
BcranBa 3.5. (BMcoxMee) 03epo OY3HC B KaIHFOPRHH
03epo Oy3Hc - ,peBHee 03epo B KOHiLe peKH Oy3Hc, B KOTOpOM BOga Haxo,HJIaCb 6onee 800 TbICJIeT. Ao Ha,4ana 1900-
x rF1OB rny6HHa 03epa cocraBmna 7-15 MeTpOB ripn ruioulagH 280 KM2. OHaKo B CBs13H C HcrIOJ1b3OB2HHeM BO,bI MecTHbiMH
q4epMepaMH ,J HppHiraLHH H KjiHMaTHmxecKHMH H3MeHeHHBMH 03epo HauwAO BbICblXaTb. B Hataue 1913 r. Jloc-AHKXenec
HaLian 3a6HpaTb BOAY H3 peKH Oy3HC, H K 1926 r. o3epo BbICOXJIO. C Tex flop cyxoe o3epHoe gHO xBnAUeTCA HCTO'1HHKOM
pa3HOCHMO9 BeTpoM nbIJIH, co1ep)KamePi Co0b, MbIIIIbAK, HHKenJb, KagMHHf H npotHe KaHLeporeHbI (no oieHKe 900,000-
8,000,000 T/rog). rIbLIb, KOTOpaA no gaHHblM cryrHHKoB, pa3HOCHAaCb B pagHiyce 250 KM, 6buia rpHqHHOH pecCiHpaTOPHbIX
3a6ojieBaHHHf H COKpaTHna BH,AHMOCTh B LJeHTpe BOCHHO-MOpCKOrO BOopy)KeHHAI Ha 03epe HaiaHa, 'TO rlpHBenIO K 3KOHOMH-
'-ecKoMy yiiep6y Ha MHOrHe MHIIHOHbl gojUapOB.
rlocKonbKy fblSbHbIe 6ypH C 03epa Oy3HC HapyilanIH YCT2HOBJIeHHbie HOPMbi AreHTCTBa CIlIA no oxpaBe oKpyKaio-
meli Cpejgbi, Jloc-AH,KeIiec 6bmI BbiHyxqeH iplHHSlTb Mepbi no COKparIeHHio nblieBbIX Bbi6pOCOB. rIocnie 20 nieT HCCneeoBa-
HHH H ge6aToB B 1999 r. 6bmia AOCTHiHryTa goroBopeHHOCTb, Tpe6yMLIas OT JIoc-AH,QeIieca HanoIIoBHHy coKpaTHTb ribIflb-
Hbie 6ypH K 2006 r. PemueHHe: MaCCHBHaSI HppHraUHOHHa3 CHCTeMa HaCbingaeT BjiaroA nOr-lBy, H ocyigeCTBIJeTcAri nocaAKa
COJI3IHKH AJIl 3aKpenLieHH3I flOMBbI. HPPHraUHOHHaA CHCTeMa COCTOHT H3 KpyIHbIX O)KwAeBaIbHbIX yCTaHOBOK, yBniawH3iio-
HuHX nOO'By H Co3,allMHX He6O)nbllHe BogoeMbi  rI nTH14 B Ce3OH BeTpOB C CeHTB6p3l no HIOHb. OAHoBpeMeHHo Ha 6o0b-
IUiHX nIonoWa,x BegeTCsi nocaAKa COJ[HKH. Hlo oIxeHKe, TaKoro poga MepbI HeO6xOgHMbI JIHrb Ha He6OJIblllOH xiaCTH BbICOX-
niero gHa 03epa (40-55KM2). 06ias CTOHMOCTb ripoeKTa oLleHHBaeTCA B US$200 MHn. B pe3yJIbTaTC PlOBegeHHSA HflHb 50%
rIpOTHBOrnbineBbIX mep MeCTHbie )KHTeJIH OTMe'4aiOT, 'TO KaqeCTBO BO3gXya CTaIO JIyniie H 3aMeTHO yBeJIHnIHJIaCb MHCJIeH-
HOCTb nTHIU.
BCTaBca 3.6. KoHieccHoHHmIe ayX1HOHMI: oriT KaMepyHa
BygyMH KpyrIHeHIiTHM 3KCiOpTepoM ieca B A#pHKe, KaMepyH noJiy,-aeT 3HaqHTeJIbHbie gOXO1Rbi OT nieCHbIX pecypCOB.
TeM He MeHee, nieCO3arOTOBKa njioxo peryllHpyeTcq. g4o CCepeHHbl 1990-x rogoB npoiegypa BbIAaIH p23pejUeHHA Ha py6Ky
neca HOCHJia HenpO3paIHbII xapaKTep, '-TO 6buIo CBA3aHO c rhry6oKo yKopeHHBuiegCq Tpa,H1xHefi CBA3eA H npOTeKuHHI.
CHCTeMa oTJIH'ajiaCb KOppyMIIHpOBaHHOCTbIO H HCHage)KHOCTb[O pJIAqOJIrOCpOI4HbIX HHBeCTOpOB. OT nOniyqaTeiiefi pa3-
pelieHHH Ha py6Ky nieca He Tpe6OBanoCb co6njofiaTb iieCOyCTPOHTeJbHbIX nJIaHOB; rIO-IlTH He npHMCH31'IHCb CaHK1xHH nIpO-
THB Tex, KTO HapyHaJI oCHoBHbie npaBHnIa JIeCO3arOTOBKH. B pe3ynibTaTe, jeCCO3arOTOBHTejiH CTpOHJIH AoporH qaiieKo B
rMy6b neca. KpoMe Toro, nATHjieTHaH JiHIeH3H3i He CO3,aBana CTHMY.UOB WAnI C6epexKeHHS JIeCHbIX peCypCOB. B 1994 r. Uic-
rIO;IHHTe]IbHaA BJIaCTb KaMepyHa RpeACTaBH;ia B riapJIaMeHT HOBbIi 3aKOH o6 ayKuHOHaX neCHbIX KOH0eCC1HH Ha noreKTap-
HOH OCHOBe J1A Tex y"aCTHHKOB, KTO npoluei npegBapHTeJIbHbIHf KBaAHcpHKa4HOHHbIl OT6op. 3aKoH TalOKe Tpe6yeT nia-
HOB no JiecOynpasBjeHHIO H BbigenIeHHsA rIOfOBHHbI JOXOAOB MeCTHbIM opraHam ynpaBEJeHHA H o6nwHHaM. rIoJIy'-eHHble Ha
HaCTOAnliRHI MOMeHT pe3ynjbTaTbl BKJIIO'IaEOT: flo6bhtueHue npo3patmocmu. AKTHBHO FpOBOAATCH KOHCYJbTaT1HH C 3aHHTe-
peCOBaHHb1MH CTOpOHaMH. ra3eTbl ny6nHKyIOT HH(PopMagHio 0 TOM, KaKHM KOMriaHH3IM H B KaKHX MeCTaX pa3pemueHo
3aHHMaTbC3 jieCO3arOTOBKOH. LIHPOKO ripHMeHqeTCS ripaKTHKa He3aBHCHMb]X Ha6mogaTeneH. KaMepyHCKHe H Me)CKyHa-
pOgHbie HFO HaHHMalOTCsA Ha KOHTpaKTHOH OCHOBe WAn nOMOIH B IPOBsepKe BbrliOJIHeHHA ripaBHJI no jieco3aroToBKe.
l7oebtuwenue then u Ooxo6oe. CpeAHerOgOBaA noreapHas nnaTa yBeiIH'HIiacb 6onee MeM B 40 pa3, C $0.14 B 1996 r. go $6.00
B 2002 r. 3Ta nrIaTa B 'eTblpe pa3a rpeBbllilaeT pe3epBHytO rocyUapCTBeHH e LeHy. FOOBbie goxowbi yBeJIH,-HRiHCb c $3 MJIH.
B 1995 r. go $30 MJIH. B 2001 r. JAOXogbi gis MeCTHbix o6MHH yBeJIHMH.UHCb C MH3epHOFO ypOBHS1 B 1998 r. go $8 MJIH. B
2001 r. l7ocmeneunwai yxod c pbIHAca cpamKof6pemewibkt cnerymUHM0mo U yBenhHqeHHe 4HcJIa JoIroCpoqHbIX HHBeCTOPOB
rIPH IOJIO)KHTeCJbHOM Bo3eHICTBHH Ha nepepa6aTbIBaiOn4yio FIPOMbIlliJieHHOCTb H MCCTHYIO 3aHITOCTb. Ycperienue npu-
eepxenHocmu coxpaHeHulo 6uoparnoO6pa3m, BKIHOUaR CO3BaHHe HOBbIX OXPaHAeMbIX TeppHTOpHH H neperoBopbI C Me)K-
AyHapOgHbImH HIO no KOHgCCCHOHHbIM qorOBOpam O COXpaHCHHH rlpHpOAbI. Bfedenue nep6ozo npa6O6oeo aima 0 KOM-
MyHaIbHOM JICCHOM XO3HACTBe B lUeHTPaMbHOi AppHKe, BKHo'aA ripHOpHTeTHbIfH gOCTyrI K JieCHbIM 3eM;ISiM, rapaHTHpye-
MbiH MeCTHbIMH o6IgHHaMH.



51
PHc. 3.12. BioApeT YoMHTeTa JieCHOrO xo3xicTBa (B IIOCTOHH. I;eHax 1995 USS MvH.)
11.0 -
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
1997            1998           1999            2000            2001
-+    pOrHO3           q )aKTWI.
PHc. 3.13. PacxogHme KaTeropHH 6iH)eTa KoMHTeTa iiecxo3JllcTBa (B TIOCTOZH. iCHax 1995 USS MmH.)
12 -                                                |     HOBbIlluei*e KBajHqPHKaLiHH
0  Bocnpoti3BoIcTBo H4I4
10 -                                               _      OFlpHiKiagH. HCcJT;eOBaHHA
* YMeT H KacTp
8 -                                                   M BocnpOH3BOCTBO pbi6bi
O CenerKdH i4 CnbITaHHS CeMqH
6                                                     M HnaHHp. OXOTbI H .neCorIOJlb3OBaHHH
M ABHaoxpaHa
4                                                     * Pea6Hn. H BOCCTaHOBJ. JieCOB ACTaHbI
Li HHCTHTyT 3alU4Tbl
2 -:1 nHTOMHHKH H CeMCHa
* 3anOBegHHKH
0                                                     U Tep. opraI
1997        1998        1999         2000        2001
A. PMCK neCHbiX nO)KaPOB U BpeAUTeneii 14 CHU)KeHU4e PMCKOB
06u4aM unqiopmazus
3.76 KJIHMaT Ka3axcTaHa qIBnAeTCq pe3KO KOHTHHeHTaAbHbIM. alA5i ceBepa CTpaHbl xapaKTepHa JVLHHHaA
XO;1O,HaA 3HMa H KOpOTKOe cyxoe nieTo. Yrpo3a CTeflHbIX H JieCHbIX riOAapOB 3HaqiHTejibHO riOBbIuiaeT-
C51 B repHog JieTHHX 3acyx H HuCTO COIPOBoxMaeTCA CYXOBeA5MH H rbLlIbHbImlH 6yp5lMH. 3TH nIoKapbi
cxoxK c rioOKapaMH B 3HMHHe iepHO,bI B TpOriHteCKHX .TIHBHeBbIX .necax B ,FpyrHX IaCTAlX CBeTa (ABCT-
pans, CMIA H CpeglH3eMHoMopbe) H ABJIRIOTCA '4aCTbIO o6MeAi 3KO.UorHH iieCHOA 3OHbl. XOTA B 6o0b-
UllHHCTBe CTpaH H,TyT IIJHpOKHe CrIOpbl OTHOCHTenJbHO MeTo,gOB 6opb6bI c JIeCHbIMH nO)KapaMH, TeM
BpeMeHeM 6opb6a c jieCHbiMH, a TaioKe CTerIHblMH OiKoapaMH BeJgeTcq. TaK xe 06CToHT ,ejao H B Ka3ax-
CTaHe. OJgHaKO B TeqeHHie HOCJIe,Hero jeCAT1neTHAI HMeni MeCTO pIg Co6blTHH, KOTOpbI OKa3anJ1H BJIH-
flHHe Ha MaCIUTa6bi, CTerieHb PHCKa H riocJieacTBH5I OT riO)KaPOB B nIecax H Ha nacT6Hiiax CTpaHbI.
BTOPOH OCHOBHOH, XOTH H MeHee Cepbe3HOA yTpO3O0    AAA iiecOB H HaCT6HiI 5B1bIOTCSI Bpeq,HTeJIH H
6ojie3HH.
3.77 B pe3ynbTaTe 3KOHOMHieCKOrO KpH3HCa nOCTCoBeTCKoro nepioga H gedpH1HTa CpeJgCTB, accHrHye-
MbIX Ha MepOnpHHTH5I no   peCOTBpa2eHHIO iieCHblX ioCKapOB H TeXHHCeCKOe o6CIy)KHBaHHe, B03-
MO)KHOCTH JieCHbIX rIO>KapHbIX c.nyx6 3HaqHTeJIbHO CHH3H1JICb, nrioiua,H ;iecHoro boHgaa, oxpaHHe-
MOrO BO3;]1HoC npOT4THBOnO)KapHOH9 cuiyo6oA COKpaTHJHCb, a CTaTHcTHqecKHe nOKa3aTejiH no o6Ha-



52
pyWeXHH10 H TyeIHH10 HiO)KapOB pe3KO yXyAHI1HJ4Cb. 3To lipHBeJIO K 3HaqHTTJIbHOMY yBehIHeHHI10 KO-
.iiHHeCTBa KpyflHbIX Ho)KapOB, He KOHTpOhIHpyeMbIx CHCTeMOH 3aEHTbI IiecOB, a TaIOKe HIOBbIweHHIO
3aTpaT Ha TymeHHe H KOHTpOJlb 3a yinep6oM, HaHeceHHbIM B pe3ybTaTe IieCHbIX noo)KapoB. B gaHHOH
riiaBe paCCMaTpHBa2OTCH TeHgeHUHH H geTaiH cygeCTByIOIIAHX Me6TogoB, a TaioKe npejiaraoTca JqeA-
CTBH5 Ho yjhy1IICHHIO ynpaBJIeHHX pHCK2MH JIiCHbIX nOxcapOB, BpeJAHTeJiel H 3a6oJIeBaHHA.15
Bopb6a cJecnbLu nomwapamu
3.78 4eACTByIloiHe MeTOgbi 60pb6bl c Ho)KapaMH B Ka3aXcTaHe npegycMaTpHBalOT 6o0nee aKTHBHoe MOaB-
.IeHHe Bcex rIONapOB Ha TeppHTOpHH, HOKpblTOf JIecaMH pecrly6nHKaHcKoro 3HaieHHI (TaK Ha3bIBae-
MaRl TeppHTOpHH "IiecHoro 4oH,ga").
BCTaBxa 3.7. Pojih KOMHTeTa .iecHoro xoazAcma B 6opE6e C HoaEapaMH
KMxbimi roD KoMHTeT .iecIioro xo3SfCTBa H3,CaeT ipHKa3 0 BegeHHH 60pb6bl C IieCHbIMH rioKapaMH B Ka3aXcTaHe. Ha
OCHOBe 3TOrO 4OKyMeHT3 IP1HHHMmaoTcHi 1OCTaHOBJIeHHX o6JIaCTHbMX OpraHOB, OTBeTCTBeHHbIX 3a HaA3OP 3a JICcHbiMH H
6monorlnecKmiH peCypCaMH, HaI4HOHaIbHblMH inrapKaMH H 3aHOBeC4HHKaMH. ,JaHHbie iOCTaHOBJIeHHSI co4ep)KaT 6onbmloe
KOJIH4eCTBO npHrioeHHf, a TaioKe MeCTHbie pemeieHHni o6MacrHblx, paaOHHblX H MeCTHbIX aKHMaTOB HO BoipOCaM nrOArOTOB-
Km K "no)KapoonaCHoMy nepHQoy", o Mepax no npeJqompamgeH.no noxKapoB B pafloHax, a TaKiKe Ha iieCo3aroToBHTeCJbHbIx
npeginpHATHxx. Bce COBMeCTHbie MeporIpHsTHH FioJne)KaT yTBepCAeHH1O o6IaCTHbIMH OpraHaMH rio IieCHbIM H 6nonorinec-
KHM pecypCaM, roCygapCTBeHHbIMH opraHaMH, 3arToBe1AHHKaMH H HaUHOHanubHbIMH napKaMn. 3TH MeporHIATHR1 BK)IIoHalOT:
1.   COBMeCTHbic corinamieHHa Me)Ky npaBHTe)TbCTBOM, HpegpHsTHHAMH jieciiHoro xo3AlAcTBa, a TamoKe (ceMefHbIMH) cpep-
MepcKHMH xo3HCTBaMH, pacHoJIo?KeHHbIMH Ha TeppuTopHAx, nprnieraioIi4x K ecamCM, no OKa3aHH10 HIOMOIIH B ripOBe-
geHHH rIPOTHBOio)KapHbIX Mep riOCpeACTBOM ripe,ocTaBJIeHHI4 'IeJIoBe'ecKKHx peCypCOB, TpaHCrIOpTa H HHOrO o6opy-
gOBaHHlA.
2.   HIpHKa3bI, H3naBaeMbie o6JIaCTHbIMH opraHaMH nieCHoro Xo3flACTBa H rOCy,aapCTBeHHbIMH opraHaMi, no OrpaHHeHHI10
)IocTyna Ha TeppHTOpHH JieCo3arOTOBHTeJlbHbIx npegrnpHAT1H (KOTOpble moryr rpegyCMaTpHBaTb YCTaHOBKy iiiar6ay-
MOB) B Hau6onee noxcapoonacHbig nepHog.
3.   Bbipa6oTKy rpac¢HKOB npOTHBorio)KapHoro Ha6JIIo4CHHM/MOHHTOpHHra wiA JleCo3arOTOBHTeJlbHbIX ripCegrpHATHf H
JIeCHbIX TeppHTopHH.
4.   Ho)KapHbie CTaHlnHH HaXO4HTCSI B COCTOAHHH roToBHoCTH, o6ecCnieeHbLI OCTaTOMHbHM 3anacoM ToruiBa, o6opyAoBaHb
TpaHCTIOpTHbIMH CpeCCTBaMH, TpaKTOpaMH C npHerinaMH, o6opyIJOBaHHeM ,Ia orHeTyineHHA H Tg.
5.   Pa3pa6oTaHHbie H corFuaCOBaHHbie nuiaHbi no I1pOBCg4HH10 aBHaaTpyIHpOBaHA B iWeiAX 32IHTbI OT JICCHbIX riO)KapOB.
MecArnHaA KaMnaHrmi no nIOQFOTOBKe K noAKapoonaCHoMy ncpiioAy BKBmnoaeT B ce63i: a) o6pawleHHA K crieuHanHcTaM
neco3aroToBHTeJIbHblx npegnpfTHTI qepe3 CMH (pagno, ra3eTbl, TeJieBH,eHHe); (b) MepOnpHATH5 no riOBb]LHeHHIO HHc¢Op-
MHpOBaHHOCTH o6r4eCTBeHHOCTH, pa3b3CHHTCJhbHa3 pa6oTa CO IUKOJbHHKaMH H HaceiieHHeM; (c) C034aHHC 6apbepoB, no-
CTOB, rIHTOB H BCiaxaHHbIX noIioc.
3.79 BblHBJICHHC. He C14HTa2S Ha3eMHOrO BbIHBjueHHA HO)KapOB Ha6JulogaTeJIHMH HO)KapHbIX BbIHieK H COTpy,-
HHi,aOoiiHMH   3pMepCKi4MH X03R1aCTBaMH H CeJ1bCKHMH       KHTeJIA1MH, BbI1BJIeHHe HOiKapOB C BO3JyXa
CHHTaCTCRI HaH6oJIee MO6HJbHbIM, OpraHH3OBaHHbIM H 34eKT[HBHbIM MeTogOM B iiecax, oco6eHHO B
TPYAHOOCTYnHbIX pernoHax CTpaHbI, H IBJIMeTCA npuopumeml-ibum 0/7 pas6umuR u ynR1Uwe4uuU. Ha-
HpHMep, B HaEaile 1990-x rO4OB aBHaUI4HOHHaM cRyxK6a BbIABHa go 80% Bcex ouaroB Ho)KapOB Ha ox-
paHAeMOf TeppHTOpHH.
Bopb6a c nowcapawu
3.80 OCHOBHOfi HOWXOJ K 6opb6e c no)KapaMH B Ka3aXcTaHe COCTOHT 113 ,AByX MCTOJOB TyJIeHHR rioKapoB,
Hip5Moro H KOCBeHHOrO, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT crioco6a Bo3JeiCTBHR Ha npoUecc ropeHHR:
*    MeTo,g ripfMoro TyIIeHHR noioapa HcHOJJb3yeTCR HpeCHMYyMCCTBeHHO ,AM Tyll1eHHR HH3OBbIX nec-
HbIX ro)KapOB cpeHefe   H c.na6oi CH1JbI, xapaKTepn3yKMgHXCsi OTHOCHTeTIbHO MeJJJeHHOa CKOpO-
15 B.A. ApxnrIOB, lY.. roimb,aMMep, K.A. KaWlapoB H B.M. MyKaHOB. 2000. 063op no Bonpocam IieCHbIX noAcapoB B Ka3axcTaHe.
MeAKyHaponHblH BeCTHHK IieCHbIX rio)KapOB No. 24,43-48.; H.A. rbo3geqKHA i H B.A. HHKoJIaeB. 1971. Ka3aXcTaH. Cup. 296.



53
CTbIO pacrpOCTpaHeHHS no)Kapa (go 3 M/MHH), H HH3KOA BbiCOTOA ruiaMeHH (AO 1,5 M). Au 'ryme-
HUB TaKHX rnoxKapoB wiaM3i 3a6HBaeTCq BeTKaMH no KpaIM nowKapa, a Kpa2 no)Kapa 3acbiraHOTCS
3eMjieH HRH 3aIHBalOTCH BOIOA HnH paCTBOpaMH C HeCTTHURgaMH. flpqMoe B03,qeICTBHe Ha KpaI
CHJIbHOrO HH3OBoro H BepXOBOFO norKapoB OrpaHHHHBaeTCA CjO)KHbiMH pa6oHHMH YCJ1OBHMIMH B
3OHe norKapa (BblcoKax TeMrlepaTypa, 3agbiMjieHHoCTb) H pHCKOM ARA KH3HH I4ejioBeKa. B TaKHX
cJIyasix C CaMOJIeTOB H BepTojneTOB (Bbi6poc, CJIHB) CJIHBalOT )KHAKOCTh ,I TyllweHHH orHq (BOqa,
XHMHKaThl). MeToA np3iMoro TryIIeHHI iieCHbIX rio?KaPOB xapaKTepH3yeTcA OTHOCHTeJbHO BbICO-
KOA HpoH3BoAHTeAbHoCTbIo Tpyga H ciia6ofi HHTeHCHBHocThio ropeHH5, 6o0nee MaAbiMH yCHnww-
MH Ho TywIJeHHIO B CBA3H CO CHOHTaHHbIM rpeKpaHeHHeM ropeHHA Ha onpegeuieHHbIx ytacTKax
Kpasi noroapa H MHHHMaIbHbIM yBeJIHMiHHeM HJiowagiH, OXBateHHOI rio?KapoM, B riepwH Tyme-
HHM. Ho cygeCTByeT H p3iA OTpHLaTenJbHbIX aCrieKTOB: BpeAHbiC YCJIOBH5 pa6oTbI Ha rpaHHue no-
)Kapa, Heo6xOgHMOCTb BcrIiiKH r pOTHBoroKapHOHOJIOCbl HnH ipogoRDKeHH5l OXpaHbI MeCTa
no)Kapa, a TaioKe HaViqHe OrpaHHieHHbIX rOirOHbIX H JIeCHbIX yCJIOBHi, ripH KOTOpbIX MO)KeT
HpHMeHSiTbCM AaHHblI MeToA.
*   B npOllmOM B cpegHem aBHaL4HOHHbie cJy)K6bi TyuHnH go 60% JieCHbix norKapOB. OAHOBpeMeHHO
OHH BblHOJIH3UH XHMHqeCKyiO o6pa6oTKy C Bo3,yXa y4aCTKOB, nojBeprIm14xcs 3Ha'HTeIbHOMy
yuiep6y OT no)Kapa. B paMKax cTpyKTypbi aBHaIAHOHHO1 cuyxK6bi 6buia co3,RaHa 4eHTpauH3OBaH-
Ha5J CHCTeMa 3g4eKTHBHOrO ynpaBjieHHH 6opb6bl c JeCHbiMH nOrKapaMH. ABHa6a3bI pacrpejeis-
IOT KOHTpaKTbl Ha KOHKypCHOA OCHOBe aBHaUHOHHbIM KOMHlaHHSM H 3aKJIoqailOT corIameieHII o
rnpCeOCTaBjieHHH aBHaiAHOHHbIX yCJIy.
*   KoCBeHHblH MeTOg TylieHHA iieCHbIX no)KaPOB OCHOBaH Ha co3gaHHH 3auHTHbIX nonIoc H 6apbe-
pOB Ha HyTH ABHA(eHH rio)Kapa nocpeAcTBom yzaueHHw ropioiero iecHoro MaTepHalia, 3acbira-
HHH ero 3eMJIeA, cOKHraHHA MaTepHaJOB, nOJBepAeHHbix ropeHHlo, a TaoK;e XHMH4eCKOA o6pa-
60TKHi B LgeIIIX BpeMeHHOrO rpegoTBpaigHHA rOpeHHU. TpaA4HLlHOHHaM CHCTeMa 3aH4HTbl OT nec-
HbIX nO)KapoB, HCHOnb3yeMa5 B Ka3axcTaHe, BKJlosaeT B ce6A Co3gaJHHe H roAep)KaHHe ripOTHBO-
no)KapHbix 6apbepoB BOKpyr iecoHacaxKeHHHi. CyIgeCTByIOT TaloKe orpaHHweHHw no oCymAeCTB-
J1eHHIO ceJIbCKoxo3MiCTBeHHoH H ApyrHX BH,OB geMTeJIbHoCTH B 6yQepHbfx 3OHax (3aIa4THblx
nonocax) BoKpyr JIeCoB. B Ka3axcraHe He HCHOJIb3yIOTCS ynpaBnAembie no)Kapbl, fIOCKOJIbKy OHH
O¢HiAHinjbHO 3arpeuleHbl.
3.81 C03gaHHe TaKHx nonociC H 6apbepoB ocyigecTBnIeTCA Ha onpegeneHHOM PaCcTOMHHH OT KpaA no)Kapa
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT AHHaMHKH ro?Kapa, yCJ1OBHHi pa6oTbi, a TaiKce HajiwqHA HipHpOAHbIX (paKropOB, cAep-
)KHBaiOHiHX noicap. HlOIOKHrTeubHbie acicKTbi 3'Toro MeToJa BKJIloqalOT B ce6M 6o0ee 6e3onacHble H
6uaronpHwTHble YCJIOBHM pa6oTi, MeXaHH3MaLHio pa6oT, OTCyrCTBHe Heo6xogHMOCTH B gOroi0iHHTeJ1b-
HOH o6pa6oTKe Kpas no)Kapa noc.ne OKOHHaHHSl no)Kapa, rpOCTOTy OxpaHbI, yHHBepCaibHbiH xapaK-
Tep MeToJa, a TaioKe miHpoKyo cpepy ero rpHMeHeHHA.
3.82 OTpHLaTeIbHbie acneKTbI BKTll0oaioT noTepio r1oHgageH B pe3yuibTaTe OTCTymeCHHuA OT Kpax rol)Kapa
ripH co3gaHHH 3aIHTHbiX noJIoc H npH CWKHraHHH, a TamoKe cJIo)KHocTh JIOKH3amHH uecHoro rioxapa
(BbI6op MeCTa )nI pacnollo?KeHHM 3aHWHTHbIX H BCnOMOraTenjbHbiX rionoc, BpeMq cropaHHl).
3.83 flpeI[ynpexeHHe. HJlaHHpOBaHHe OXpaHbl JleCOB OT HO)KapOB OCHOBaHO Ha nOHUTHH ripo4pHaKTH-
4CCKOH OXpaHbI OT IHO)KapOB B I xen5x no.ALep)KaHHl pa3MepOB nieCHoro QoH,a Ha ypOBHe, Heo6xoqH-
MOM ARA BbIIOJIHeHH5 COLIHaAbHO-3KOHOMH,ieCKHx H IPHPOAOOXPaHHbIX Tpe6OBaHHA.
3.84 MepoipimsTHA no 60pb6e C io)KapaMH. TpagHUHOHHaM CHCTeMa OXpaHbl OT JiiCHbIX ilO)KapOB, HCITOJIb-
3yeMaSI B Ka3axcTaHe, BKJlO4aeT CO3gaHHe H roggep)KaHHe rpOTHBOHO)KapHbIX 6apbepoB BOKpyr nec-
HbIX HaCXeHHH. CyieCTByIOT TaioKe orpaHHqeHH5A Ho ocyiUCcTBAeHHIO ceubCKoXo3sIcTBeHHOA H
HHbIX BH,OB A,eTeJIbHOCTH B 6yQepHbIX 3OHax (3alWHTHbIX nonocax) BOKpyr necOB.
3.85 (DHHaHCHpOBaHHe. OxpaHa JiecOB oT roxapoB, a TaioKe H3yteHHe raTouorHH uecoB Ha HOBpex)KeH-
HbIX ytacrKax CPHHaHCHpyeTCsi H3 rocyiaapcTBeHHoro 6iogpKera iepe3 CHCTMey rocyoapcrBeHHbIX op-



56
*   JlecHaH oxpaHa goxuHa 6blTb o6opyjoBaHa TpaHCHIOpTHbIMH cpeAlTBaMH: aBToMo6Hw5MH, MOTO-
LqHKJiaMH H JIOlJa,AbMH, 3aKperuieHHbIMH 3a npegHpHATHIAMH.
*   CneiHanjiHcwi ynpaBjieHHH niecHoro xo35iHcTBa H iiecO3arOTOBHTeJIbHbIX npegInpHATHi 3aKiioqa-
IOT JOrOBOpbI C OTteJIOM BHyTpeHHHX 1enJ H B COOTBeTCTBHH c pe1iieHH5IMH o6jiaCTHbIX, pafiOH-
HbIX H ropo,cKHX aKHMOB AOnKHbI HpOBO09HTb COBMecTHbie HHcHreKUHH, rpOBepKH rogroToBjieH-
HOCTH jieCO3arOTOBHTenjbHbIX npegrpHHTHH H co6AIogeHHR BCeX ipaBHI H npouejiyp noxKapHoH
6e3onacHocT.
*   COTPYJAHHKOB iieCHOH OXpaHbl niecO3aroTOBHTeAbHbix rHpegripH0THH rpOC3T HpOBOAHTb pa3bLC-
HHTeIbHYK1 pa6oTy cpe,gH HaceneHAh, pa6oqHx-jieco3aroToBHTenieA, a TaioKe ilKOjibHHKOB O Me-
pax no npejAynpexeHrIHo noKapoB.
*   HeO6XOJiHMO HpOBOA1HTb HHc¢opMauIHOHHO-pa3¶bHCHHTeJIbHbie KaMHaHHH 1VI mecCTHorO HaceJie-
HH14 H io6IecTBeHHocTH rpH HOMOllgH cjieMyollqHx CpegCTB:
*   neKLqHH, coo6fteHwI, 6eceJbi, o6'bABeHHA no pa,mHo, ra3eTHble CTaThH, TeiieBH3HOHHble poJIHKH,
YCTaHOBei4HHe HOCTOB.
*   HeO6XO,HMO o6ecnem4Tb yXO, 3a MHHepajiH3OBaHHbiMH rojiocaMH.
*   Heo6xoqHMo Co3gaBaTb HOBbie MHHepaIH3OBaHHbie HoJIocbi.
*   CJeIcCTBeHHbIM opraHaM Heo6xoJAHMo coo6maTb O cAaqx51x ieCHbIX no)KapoB, OCIyIeCTBIATh HX
MOHHTOpHHr, y1HTbIBaH CYMMbI B3blCKaHHbIx IiiTpa(JOB H KOjiH4eCTBO j1HL, npiHBJIeqeHHbIX K OT-
BeTCTBeHHOCTH.
*   HeO6XOJiHMO npOBepATb HOqrOTOBjieHHOCTb OiKoapHbIX CTaHgLHH (nonHaA 3KH4HpOBKa, HajHqiHe
3anaca rcM H T.A.).
*   B,OJIb OCHOBHbIX gaopor Heo6xojAHMo opraHH3OBbIBaTb MeCTa AM oTgbixa, KypCHHS1 H rapKOBKH.
*   O6,3aTenbHaAI ny6AHKaiLHa pemiieHI� o6.uacTHbIx H pafOHHbiX aKHMOB 0 Mepax no npe,ynpeK-
geHHH10 rO?KapOB.
*   Heo6XogHMo rieqaTaTb JIHCTOBKH, IpOBOJ;HTb B wKKoJIax H KIy6ax jieKiHH, o6cyxeHHA H Mepon-
pH5ITHM c TypHCTaMH.
*   B MecTax o6mecTBeHHoro OTAbIXa Heo6xoJiHMo pa3MaTb crieHajibHbie ABeTHbie nrIaKaTbI,
o6ibAcHiLouAHe Heo6xogiHMOCTb ocTopo)KHoro o6pauweHHA c OrHeM B necy B ro)KmpooNaCHbd
nepHgo,.
*   PaAOHHaHi H o6inacTHaq npecca, a TaioKe MecTHoe pa,4HO H TejieBH,geHHe JoDJKHbi 6blTb 3ageicTBo-
BaHbl B MeporHipWTHqx no rHpeooTBpa)eHH1 rO)KapoB.
*   Heo6xoAHMo HH4IOpMHpOBaTb HaceneHHe o mepax 6e3ouacHocTm H o6 o6CTaHoBKe, CBH3aHHOA C
pHCKOM BO3HHKHOBeHHA nieCHbIX ro)KapoB.
*   B roMellCHH5IX JieCO3arOTOBHTeJibHbIX lipejlHpHMTHH H B iiKoniax Heo6xolgHMo opraHH3OBbIBaTh
nOCTOHHHO ,eHCTByioMiHe BbICTaBKH H BHTpHHbl, paccKa3bIBaioHe 0 BaXKHOH pOiH JIecOB B 3KO-
HOMHKe, o6 ymep6e, HaHOCHMOM noxKapaMH, a TaiKoe O MeTOgaX H cpegcTBax 60pb6bl C HHMH.
*   Ha orpeeieHHbIX ytacTKax niecHoro boH,ga Heo6xoJiHMo opraHH3OBbIBaTh llKOJIbHbie nIecHbie
iaTpyjiiH H 3eIeHbie raTpyJ11H.
*   Heo6xoAiMo HpOBOJ1HTh "AHH HnH HeeJniH nieca", a TaioKe opraHH3OBbIBaTh rpynribi nO HHTepe-
caM, noigo6Ho rpynnam "Apy3bq nieca".
*   B,OAb BCeX Jopor, pacroCio)KeHHbIX Ha TeppHTOpHH JieCO3arOTOBHTeJIbHbix rpe,ripiTHHTh, Heo6-
XOgiHMO o6ycTpaHBaTb MeCTa OTqbiXa H KypeHH5I Ha paCCTOHHHH 2-5 KM jpyr OT gpyra, a TaioKe
Heo6xogHMo C03gaBaTb ipqlynpHegHTeJibHbiC rIOCThl B MeCTaX, MaCTO rioceMaembix JI1OAbMH.
*   Heo6xo,iHMo ycTaHain4BaTm umar6ayMbl AuA perynfpoBaHAlROCTyna Ha oco6o noxKapoonac-
HbIe yqacTKH.
KaK HOKa3blBaeT onbiT, Mepbi no rpeg,lynpexeHHIO JIeCHbIX rIO)KapOB 3HaIHTeJIbHO coKpauaioT HX
KojiHqeCTBo.



57
Biopb6a c jecHbu.u epeOumemu
3.89 CpeJiH pa3JIHqHbIX npo6JieM giM niecoB Ka3aXcTaHa OTMeviaeTCu pHCK yBeuiHmqHHM  HCJIeHHOCTH Hace-
KoMbIx-Bpegl4TeAieA. PHCK BCrbiiIKH mHCiieHHOCTH Bpe,HTeJieH rOBbICHnCH B XBOHHbiX .necax HlpHHp-
TbIlHbR OTqaCTH H3-3a CHH1KeHHM conpoTTHBLS1MocTH jaCTHIHO cropeBlIHX gepeBbeB, a OT4aCTH H3-3a
HOHH)KeHHII YPOBHH noA3eMHbIX BOA (noc.ne 6onee KpyrIHbiX ro)KapoB). OQHaKO ApyrHe neca pewKe H
MeHee cepbe3HO nopaXKalOTCS Bo3geHCTBHIo BpeqHTeJIeA. BTopwnHbie Bpe,jHTejuH, TaKHe KaK XCyKH-KO-
poegbi H np., eu4e 6o.nee paupymalioT co?oKeHHbIe nieca, 3arOTOBj1eHHbie JIeCOMaTepHaJbi H, rpH HeKO-
TOpbIX yCJIoBHIx, HacweHHHA COCeH H  pyrTHX JAepeBbeB. B paHOHax HCflOJIb3OBaHH5I HHCeKTH14H,AOB
i1HpoKoro cneKrpa geHicTBH5I cymecTByer TaloKe pHCK BTOpHqHblX BpelHTeJIeH (To ecTb, BpeCHTeilet,
KOTOpbie o6blqHO KOHTPOJIHPYIOTC5 HaceKoMbiMH, rpOTHB KOTOpbIX HCrOJb3yiOTCq HHCeKTgHL,ANbI, HO
OHH roSBjLSHoTcqI, Korgaa repBHHHbie BpeCHTeJIH Hc4w3aioT nocnie ripHMmHeHHM HHceKrH4UHJOB).
Ta6aHga 3.5. OCHOBHbIe BPCAHTCAH H InOpaeKCHHMIC lIflMO2WH B necax Ka3axcTaHa c 1997 roga
CocHoBbIe JIeca: COCHOBblH mlejiKonps,  36.600 ra
TISA                    11.900 ra
cOCHOBaS COBKa         91.000 ra
Cpy6neHHblf1 H 3aroToBJIeHHbIH nec: ycaiH, )KyKH-KOpOeAbi
3.90 YHaCTKH, rgae HegaJBHO rpOXOgHJH rOiKapbi H rjge BOCIpOH3BOgfTCq HOHyMjiAiJHH BTOpHqHblX CTBOJIO-
BbIX BpewHTeneg (ycaqeg, XKyKoB-KopoegoB H T.g.), OKa3blBalOT BpeAHoe Bo3JCeCTBHe Ha XBOAHbIe n7eca.
AMA yKperLJieHHI ripaBOBOH 3a3HHThi XBOHbIX iiecOB rpaBHTejIbCTBO Peciy6HiKH Ka3aXcTaH plHH5uo
pemeHme o6 OTHeCeHHH HX K KaTerpOHH OXpaHeMbIX niecoB (oco6o iLeHHbIX JIeCoB), T4TO o3Ha4aeT,
MTO B HHX He pa3pemueHa Bbipy6Ka H OHH Tpe6yioT oco6oro yxoga.
3.91 CBoeBpeMeHHbIA yXo,ZT H caHHTapHbie py6KH JIeCoB BaKHbl, IOCKOJIbKy OHH CO3AalOT goHOJIHHTenJbHbIf
rIOTeH1HaJI AAM rIpOMeXTOJIOMHOrO iieCoIOJlb3oBaHH34, 4TO CrioCo6CTByeT pa3BHTHIO BbICOKOripogyKTHB-
HbIX nIecOB H BoccTaHoBJIeHHIo HaCaMeHHP. TaKHM o6pa3oM, Heo6xo,A4Mo YCOBCprIIeHCTBOBaTb CTpa-
TerHiO HCHOIb3OBaHHJI IieCOB, yxojga 3a HaCaxeHHHMH H 14ylyqIueHHA CaHHTapHbIX HacaK,eHHH, Ho-
CKOJ1bKy HbIHelUiHqA 3MlA4TM TICOB OT HaCeKoMbIX-Bpeg4HTejieA H 6o.Je3Heg He3c4eKTHBHa.
3.92 B nepmog c 1997 no 2000 ro,bi ruioIaIb ropa)KCHHbIX TeppHTOpHH yBejiHH1aCb B 2,5 pa3a, B TO
BpeMA KaK noTpe6HocTb B mepax no 6opb6e C HaceKoMbIMH-BpeJgHTenJMH yiRBoHwaCb. Jlu jiHKB14Ja-
1HH oTaroB BpegmTueA H 6one3Heg rpOBO,HTCA e>KeroqHbie KaMnaHHH no 6opb6e C BpegHTCnMH Ha
ruOlnagmH flpHMepHO B 50 TbICHi reKTapOB. Heo6xOAHMO BOCCTaHOBHTh CTaHuHH no oxpaHe nieca, yKoM-
rlueKTOBaB HX KBa IH(H[HpOBaHHbIMH CreuHajiHCTaMH.
3.93 HTO KacaeTcs KBajHHKMa4HH cnereHajiHCToB, B HacToqrmee BpeMA ipHMepHo 30% agMHHHCTpaTHBHbIX
COTpyAHHKOB B o6JiaCTHbIX H rOCcy,apCTBeHHbIX opraHax, OTBeTCTBeHHbIX 3a oxpaHy .TeCoB H cQayHbI,
He HMeeT creLgHanbHoro BbICHiero o6pa3oBaHHw, a i4cJ1o Cne1JuHajiHCTOB cpe,HerO 3BeHa H iieCHHKOB
BeCbMa MaJo. BaxHo nOBbICHTb YPOBeHb crie[HanbHoro o6yqeHH5I pa6oTHHKoB H HOJIHOCTbiO yJqOB-
j1eTBOpHTb noTpe6HOCTH B criegHaJIHCTaX cpe,Hero H BbICiuefO 3BeHa. C 3TOH [genbiO Heo6xogHMo
COCTaBHTb riaH 1 opraHH3OBaTb B OJRHOM H3 BblCIIIHX y4e6HbIX 3aBe,geHHH CTpaHbI 2-rOjgHqHblg KypC
rO,grOTOBKH a,LMHHHCTpaTHBHbIX COTpyfAHHKOB, 4MmeOiIHX o6pa3OBaHHe B ,APYFHX o6IacTHx, a TaiKoe
KpaTKOCpOLIHbIe 1-2-Mecwrnble yie6HbIe KYPCbl  CneI1HamHCTOB cpeAHero 3BeHa H JIeCHHHHX.
3.94 fpOQmHiaKTHKa. CTpaTCrHH no CoCKpareHHIO Harpy3KH Ha iieca TpyJHO oCyIeCTBJ5Th, oco6eHHo B
CeBCpHbIX iiecax, rlOCKO.IbKy ynpaBneHHA .ieCHoro XO3AACTBa HOIHOCThIO 3aHATbi 6opb6o0  c nowapa-
MH. B TO xKe BpCMM HeKOTOpbie H3 riperiHOCblJIOK, Bbl3bIBaiOMHC pOCT Harpy3KH Ha gpeBOCTO04, yMHOIKa-
LOTCH (Hanp., rioXapbi, HoHBJeHHe capaHqH, CHH1eHHe YPOBH3 HOj3eMHbIX BOA, 3acoJIeHHe H T.n.).
3.95 06pa6oTKa. B nporInIoM MCpbi no 6opb6e C BpCgHTei5liMH, B OCHOBHOM, npeJRycMaTpHBajiH OnpbICKH-
BaHHe HHCeKrH1gH,aMH, iauje Bcero OpMFHO¢OCG3T3MH H ,HM114HOM, HO 3KOHOMHLieCKHm cna, Ha-



62
06beM iiecoHacaxqeHig rocyapcTBeHHbIX IeCHbIX 3aHOBeAHHKOB COKpaTHMCq c 70.000-75.000 ra B
1980-blx rogaax go 5.800 ra B 2000 ro,y, TO eCTb, 6ouiee 'IM B ,eCHTb pa3.
3.118 C 1989 roga He ipeHXoCTa2bJn1OCb QHHaHcHpoBaHHe, H He BbiflojiH5lIHCb OCHOBHbie rojio2KeHH.,r npo-
eKTbi, lviaHbI, T30 H HHbIe rOprpaMMHbIe gOKyMeHThI no iecOHacaxDeHH5IM H iecopa3BeeHKO, pa3-
pa6oTaHHbIe AJL BbiHOJIHeHHI gaHpeKTHB H yKa3OB npaBHTeJIbcTBa. CM. Ta6inHLy 1, r,ge npegCTaBsieH
CrHCOK HaH6ojiee o6ocHoBaHHbIx gojirOCpOiHbiX nporpamm no BOrpOCaM iiecHoro xo3IHCTBa.
PHc. 3.15. ExceroAHme 3aTpaTh Ha BOCCTaHOBnjeHHC iieCOB B Ka3axCTaHe, 2002-2010 (JonnapoB CMiA)
7000000                                                   JlecOBO3o6HOBjieHHe:
HOBbiC nUiaHaTUHH
6000000-                                       _           JlecoBo3o6HoBjieHHe:
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.* Jecopa3nBeeHHe Ha 3eMjiAx
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* nIecopa3BeAeHHe BAOJIb gopor
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* CejIbCKOX03rIAcrBeHHbiC
0                          -l oj1l laiTHThbe rIOIOCbI
* Jlecopa3BeAeffle Ha AH
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010       ApanIcbKoro MopH
Hlpot4eOypapa3pa6omKu u o0o6penwu npoeimo
3.119 IpouejAypa pa3pa6oTKH H npHHATHI nporpaMM pery.iHpyeTcs JAHpeKTHBOIi no pa3pa6oTKe nporpamm
B Pecriy6AHKe Ka3aXcTaH Ng 789, yTBepxMeHHOi rHOCTaHOB.ieHHeM HlpaBHTeIbCTBa Pecny6iHlcKH Ka-
3aXCTaH 25 Maq 2000 roga (ganiee HMeHyeMaq aHpeKTHBoH).
3.120 4HpeKTHBa npe,ycMaTpHBaeT egMHHbIH no,LAXoJ K pa3pa6oTKe nporpamM  B Pecny6nHKe Ka3aXcTaH, B
KOTOpOM orpeAejmeTcI:
* KoH[xenLrUHA H 3aMbIceJI
* OpraHH3aqHoHHa5l H MeTogojiorHFeCKa2 OCHOBa
* OcHoBHbie rpHHIHrlbI pa3pa6oTKH ipoeKTOB no nporpammam
* flpou\e<ypa BbIpa6oTKHi npoeKToB no nporpaMMaM, HX corFjaCOBaHHe H yTBepxeHme
* KoHTpoJIb Hag OCyigeCTBieHHeM npoeKTam ro riporpaMMaM.
3.121 B CB513H c peanJH3aHeg riporpaMMbI no necOPa3BeCeHHIO H .iiecoBo3o6HoBjieHHIO KOMHTeT jieCHoro,
pbI6Horo H OXOTHHMIberO XO3,HCTBa rHi  MHHHCTepCTBe npHlpO,HbIX peCYPCOB H oxpaHe oKpy)KaLo-
weft Cpe,gbI gaeT 3aKa3 CreCUHaAbHOH OpraHH3aiAHH (HanpHMep, O,HOMY H3 riOeKTHbIX HHCTHTYTOB
KaK Ka3iiecnpoeKT, Ka3rHnpojieCxo3 H Ap.) pa3pa6OTaTb geTaljbHblH pa6oIHH ripOeKT, Ha OCHOBe KO-
TOpOrO 6ygyT qHHaHCHpOBaTbC5 KOHKpeTHbIl Mepbi, oripe;eSiHHbIe B lipOrpaMMHbIX goKyMeHTax.
HlpaBHTe.ibCTBo 3aKiiio,4aeT gaOrOBOpbI C ripoeKTHbIMH KOMriaHHSIMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C nIpHHslTbIMH
Tpe6oBaHHMMH H cnegmH(cMHKamHsIMH/rpoeKTHbMMH 3aJgaHH3IMH.
3.122 Pa6o,He HrOpKTbI pa3pa6aTbIBalOTCsI Ha OCHOBe qeTa2JbHbIX HCCJiigOBaTenjbCKHX pa6OT Ha MeCT-
HOCTH. lIpoLuegypa OCyiieCTBjieHHSi ripoKTHbIX H HCCciieJOBaTenJbCKHX pa6oT no-npexKHeMy onpe-
ge.iMeTcA pSIAOM gHpeKTHB H HHCTpyK14HH, H3,qaHHbIX BcecoIo3HbIM npoeKTHO-HCcj1eJOBaTejIbC-
KHM HHCTHTYTOM Colo3rHnpo.neCxo3 H HHbIMH HOAO6HbIMH opraHH3aUi4wMH, B COOTBeTCTBHH Co
CTaH,apTamH rocyjapCTBeHHorO KoMHTeTa .iecHoro XO351fiCTBa H rocy,apCTBeHHoro KOMHTeTa no
CTpOHTeJIbCTBy, HJIH B COOTBeTCTBHH C pa6oqHmi gHpeKTHBaMH, pa3pa6OTaHHbiMH no KOHKpeT-
HbIM yqaCTKaM, rpH COrIiaCOBaHHH C 3aKa34HKOM npoeKTa no necoHacaxKeHH5IM HnH .11eCoBo3o6-
HOBjneHHIO.



63
3.12 3 HHCTPYKIHH, pacnopKeHHn    H pa6o4He LHpeKTHBbI Ho ocyIeCTBj1eHHIO HccjiegoBaTe;IbcKHx H rio-
eKTHbIX pa6OT orpegaeJ1lOT npoileqypy pa6oT C 3Tara npoOBegeHHA HCCIie,OBaHHA5 H npOeKTHpOBa-
HH1A BIJIOTb ,1o 3TaHa ipe,gOCTaBj1eHHM H HIPHH3THA pe3yjIbTaTOB. Cogep)KaHHe H iipoL\eypbl Bblpa-
60TKH   H riHHpTH5L riOeKTHblX OLgeHOK PeCFYJHPYIOTCA HlojioKeHHMMH no onpeleiieHHio 6io,iceTa
CTpOHTeJIbCTBa ,Vn5i rpegripHMTHH, 3,qaHHI H COOpy)KCHH14 H c6opHHKoM o6MHx O[xeHOMHbIX pacie-
TOB H KOHTpaKTHbIX iLeH LAM CTpOHTenJbHOH HpOMbIfflJneHHOCTH B Pecry6.jHKe Ka3axCTaH, yrBep)K-
jeHHOA HpHKa3OM MHHHCTepCTBa CTpOHT4JlbCTBa Ng 5-3 OT 28 MaA 1996 roZTa.
3.124 Ao o¢HiiHaJIbHoro yTBepxK,LeHHR 3aBepHieHHblH pa6otIHH ipoeKT Ho Hiecopa3Be,JeHH4  H ieCOBO3o6-
HoBjieHHIO JaOjDeH 6blTb yTBep)LeH rOCyJaapCTBeHHOH 3KcHepTH3oH no apX4TeKType, CTpOHTCJIb-
CTBy H 3KOJIorHH.
3.125 B CBOIO oiepe,gb rpoeKTHasi KOMriaHH OTBetiaeT 3a ocyLecTBjieHHe aBTOpCKOrO HaA3opa 3a pa6oTaMH
H 3a COOTBeTCTBHe HpOBO,1HMbIX pa6OT iOCeKTy B ruiaHe TeXHOj1OrHi4, KaHIeCTBa, MacHlITa6OB H CpOKOB.
HOpMAOK Hag3opa, OT'eTHOCTH, Cqa'qH B 3KCruiyaTaLiHO H npHeMKH pe3yjibTaTOB oripeCejieHbl B IoJo-
)KeHH5X o6 aBTOpCKOM Ha,3ope ripH OCyWeCTBjieHHH HpOeKTOB, KaCatolmHXCL eCHblX X0351H1CTB H 3a-
Pnc. 3.16. HoTpe6HOCTH B BOCCTaHOBJeHHH .IIeCOB B Ka3axcTaHe, 2002-2010 (ra)
• Jnecopa3seAeHHe Ha )AHe
ApambCKoro MOpSI
* CenIbCKOxo3sUCTcBeHHbie
\nojIe3allA1THbie rloJIocbl
Hl HpiiropogHbie 3eJiCHbie Ho3ica
H \lecopa3BeqeHHe BROJlb
BOgOeMOB
* Jecopa3Be,IeHme BROfIb gopor
El J_ecopa3BegeHme Ha 3eMuJLx C
HapyneCHHbIM rIOKpOBOM
D* HlJaHTa1uu HeieCHbIX yro,Hui
O I/ecoBo3o6HoBjieHme:
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BbD1OKeHHbie TeppHTOPUH
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TijiaHTaL4HH
PHC. 3.17. HIoTpe6HOCTH B BOCCTaHOBwiCHHH IiCcOB B KIa3axcTaHe, 2002-2010 (USD)
rM Jlecopa3BeJqeHHe Ha AHe
ApaJlbCKOrO MOp3
* CenbCKOX03offCTBeHHbie
f/ojne3aMllTHbie rlojlocbi
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/ \1ecopa3BeIqeHHe BAOflb
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I* Jecopa3Be,IeHIie BAOJIb gopor
* Jlecopa3BejeHme Ha 3eMjIx c
i HapyeHHbIM nOKpOBOM
* HiiaHTauHH HeIieCHblX yrOgHH
H /)lecoBo306HoBjleHHe:
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* JIeCoBo3o6HoBJIeH4e:
BbDFOKeHHbie TeppHTOPHH
* JIeCoo3o6HoBjieH4e: HOBble
niJaHTaLHII



64
llWHTHbIX HacaxLeHHH, a TaKoKe B Hlo)o)KeHHAIX o6 oTBeTcTBeHHocTH rpoeKTHPOBIHKa B CBA3H Co CTpO-
HTenjbCTBOM rpe1npHiMTHi4, 3JaHHA H COOpyAceHH1, a TaioKe B CB1311 C KpyHHblMH peMOHTHbIMH pa6oTa-
MH (CTpoHTenbHble cTaHJapThi H irOJIO)KxHHSA O CTpOHTChIbCTBC PK CHil 1.01.01.01-93).
CM. Ta6AHAy 2, rue ripHBegeH crHCOK TeXHHqecKHx AHpeKTHB, HHCTpyKuHH H pa6oHHx rlojio)KeHHLH
u1 ocyEEecTBneHHq pa6oqHx riOeKTOB B o6nacTH iiecHoro xo3IHcTBa, Ha KOTOpbIX oCHoBbIBaIoTCAI KOH-
TpaKTbi MexKy ripoeKTHbIMH KoMHaHHMMH H 3aKa34EHKOM, TO eCTb KoMHTeToM no hieCHOMy, pbl6HOMy H
OXOTHHxEbeMy XO35IHCTBy rpH MHHHCTepCTBe npHpO,HblX pecypcOB H 3aHAHTbI oKpyxKaioHiefi cpe,bi Pec-
Hy6AHKH Ka3aXCTaH.
HIpwfepu npeLouyu4ux npoeicmow u au3 uxpeaA7u3ai4uu
3eaema, 3onaAcmaHbi Ovui canumapnoa o'ucmUMu u 3aupumbi
3.126 B 1997 rogy HHCTHTyT Ka3rHnpojleCxo3 rpOBeCJ TeXHHKO-3KOHoMH,4eCKoe o6oCHOBaHHe CO3JaaHH5L
CaHHTapHOA 3alIiHTHOft 3OHbl BOKpyr ACTaHbl c UenlblO coKpaMeHHHs HCraTHBHorO Bo3geACTBH5I BeT-
pOB H C UenJIbI norCaAKH 3enJeHbIX HacaeHHA B iHpFOpOAHbIX CTerIHbIX 3oHax. T30 6buio nogro-
TOBjieHO nO 3aKa3y KoMHTeTa no inecHoMy, pbI6HOMy H OXOTHHHqbeMy xo3sqACTBy HPH MHHHCTepCTBe
ceCJbCKoro XO3IHCTBa Pecny6in'iiK  Ka3aXcTaH Ha OCHOBaHHH YKa3a FocyL7apCTBeHHoH KOMHCCHH no
nepee3ay rocygapCTBeHHbIX BePXOBHbIX H 1EeHTPanbHbIX opraHOB Bj1aCTH B ropog AKMoJly Ng 39-8/
48c OT 18 iEoix, 1996 rojaa "0 pa3pa6OTKe HHx(eHepHOHi H TpaHcriopTHoP HH14paCTpyKTypbI B AcTa-
He H B rHipropoge". 3aTeM T3O CTaIO OCHOBOH janDE pa3pa6oTKH pa6oqix ipoCKTOB no OTJAeJbHbIM
yqaCTKaM JieCOHacaxeHHH B 3eJieHOP 3OHe AcTaHbl.
3.127 Pa6otn4e ipoeKTbi (c MaCmTa6oM 1: 10 000) onpegeiqInoT BHA H CTpyKTypy niaHTaUHfl 3enieHbIX Ha-
CaxqeHHH4, TexHojioriHo, pa3HOBHAHOCTH, BHAbl nOCa,JOqHbIX MaTepHaJOB, fIOP31AOK pa6oT, nogpM,-
4HKOB, Tpe6yeMbi$ MaTepHan, pa6o'ymo cHny, o6OpyLqOBaHHe, a TaioKe CyMMy CpeJRCTB no KaxqOMy
KOHKPeTHOMy y acTKy B 3eAeHOH 3OHe.
3.128 B nepHog c 1996 no 2001 rr. Ha6JiiogeHH51MH H npoeKTamH 6buIO OXBa2eHO B o6iuek CJIOKHOCTH 34
600 ra, 14 600 ra 3eMj1H 6bU1O BbigeJieHO nog necopa3BeJgeHHe. C 1998 rogaa go 2001 roga >KaCbTi-
APMaKCKOe rocy,apCTBeHHoe npe,gnpHTiTHe H ApyrHe iecoXo3sIHCTBeHHbIe KOMHaHHi4 3anpOcKTHpO-
BanJH rinaHTauHH o6iueg rLTioHga,bio 8 200 ra. FocyAapcTBeHHoe npegunpHiiTe "Ka3rHnprioieCxo3",
ocyigeCTBJIABiBee HaA3Op 3a peaniH3auiAeA npoeKTOB no co3gLaHHIO CaHHTapHO-3alHTHOH 3OHbI JIA
ACTaHbl B 2001 roAy, npflIMO K BbIBOAY, ITO HCKOTOpbie ripOeKTbi 6bInH ycneIIIHO peaJlH3OBaHbl. Kor-
,ga co6inioaanHcb peKomeH,gaLHH B OTHOICeHHM cejbCKOXO3sAHCTBeHHbIX MeTOjgOB BbipaIHBaHHA ruiaH-
Ta"iHH H B OTHOIIIeHHH pa3HOBHAHOCTeH, yqaCTKH 6buIH B XOpOIlleM COCT03IHHH. Tonom 1 HBbI, KOTO-
pbie 6buiH nocaxeKHbI B 1999 roAy, BbirFJIqe,HJI OTJIHqHo. BbICOTa HaCaxKLeHHP COCTaBMI5a 1,5 -2,5 M,
a Ko3q4HLuHeHT POCTa B 2000 roAy ipeBbICHJI 1 M. HJiaHTa1AHH 6epe3, BSE30B, nioxa H CMOpO,AHHbI
BblrjJenU4H xOpOEO. Y'1aCTKH, Ha KOTOpbIX noliBa o6pa6aTIBxanaCb CBoeBpeMCHHO, 6buIn B oco6eHHO
xoporIeM COCT03EHHH. Ko3  PHwHCHT BbDMHBaeMOCTH nJLaHTauHfl pa-3HqaicAS no YqaCTKaM H roJRaM
nocaAKH (oT 25 go 1 00%). HH3KHH KO3XPH1uHeHT 6e3onaCHoCTH 5LBHJICA ciie,CTBHeM Heco6JHolAeHHx
TeXHHqeCKHX TpC6oBaHHri no nO,rOTOBKe riox0B, o6beMOB H KaqeCTBa o6CIXuHBaHHw pa3HOBHAHOC-
TeH, 3TO TamOKe o6&bAcHAIeTCA HeCBOeBpeMeHHbIM qJHHaHCHpOBaHHeM, OTCYTCTBHeM KBajHiTHgnHpO-
BaHHOI pa6oLefi CHRbI, BbICoKoKaqCCTBeHHOro noca,JoqHoro maTepHana H He6JiaroFpHSATHbIMH no-
rOgHbIMH yCJIOBHAMH.
3.129 BHwbi H MacmUTa6bi npoeKTOB, a TaKoKe pacrpegenieHHe 3aTpaT no OCHOBHbIM 3JIeMeHTaM fpoeKTa
caHHTapHo-3aLnHTHoH 3eJleHoH 3OHbi AcTaHbl noKa3aHbI B Ta6wnue 3 Ha npHmepe nogpo6Horo ripo-
eKTa BbICa,JKH napKOB H nIeCOB Ha IieBOM 6epery peKH  IIIIHM B paHoHe mevyHaPOHoro a3ponopTa
AcTaHbl, 3Tan 1 (2001).
3.130 )Kacbui-AkMaKCKoe pecrIy6JiHKaHCKoe rocyJaPCTBeHHoe npegnpHwTie KoMHTeTa no nIeCHoMy, pbI6-
HOMy H OXOTHH4beMy XO3,HqCTBy ripH MHHHCTepCTBe ripHpOJHbIX peCypcOB H 3aMHTbI oKpy)KaioiweA



65
Cpe,abl 5IBJIeTC1 OCHOBHblM nOp5,LaxHKOM fpoeK-Ta CaHHTapHO-3al4HTHOA 3eJieHOH 3OHbi ACTaHbl.
MeCTHOe HaceCieHHe H 14epMCpbl He Y'taCTBYIOT B rOCaa,O'HbIX pa6oTax.
3.131 Pea.JH3auxH ripoeKTOB rio CO3JaHHio 3eAeHoH 3OHbI AcTaHbI HMeeT orpoMHoe 3KOu1orHxecKoe 3Haxe-
HHe )I, yJnyniQeHHSI COCTO03HHA OKpy>KaloieA cpegbi H co3AaHHA rHibpiSKaTenJbHbIX MeCT OT,AbiXa
LI ?KHTeJieA HOBOH CTOJIHUbI Ka3aXcTaHa.
3.132 CowajaHHe KpyrHbIX HacaxeHHH BOKpyr AcTaHbI Tpe6yeT KoMuineKCHorO TexHojiorHxiecKoro roqxo-
Aa, 'iTO CBI3aHO C He6jiarOHpHJITHbIMH rOHBeHHbIMH H KTIHMaTHqeCKHMH yCJIOBHqMMH, Tpe6yiOmiHMH
3HaxHTJeIbHbIX 3aTpaT.
Pa3sumue npombiulenubix nmaumapua 6bicmpopacmyu4uxaecubwx 3epe6be6
coaizacHo OCHOuon b nawoenufm o co3danuu cucmeAbl opotuexuq
oliuuteHHnuu cmotiHbimu eo5amu 8A]amabm
3.133 3ToT rpoeKT 6bmi rorOTOBJIeH rocy,aaCTBeHHblM  pe,ArpHMTHeM "AjiMaTaMejiHopaIHWi" fPH MHHH-
CTepCTBe MeniHOpaLHH H BOgHOrO XO3,HACTBa Ka3aXcTaHa, rOJ,Ap  Ha ero BbiHOJ1HeHHe 6bum nepegZaH
I4HcTHTyTy Ka3rHupOBOAxo3 rpH MHHHCTepCTBe MeiJHOpag4HH H BOAHOrO xO3,HqcTBa. rpOeKrHbIA
wTar ywe 3aBepllleH, ceAqac paccmaTpBaeT ripo6.neMa HcHOJIb3OBaHHM CTOqHbIX BOA Cop6yAaKcKoro
KonueKTopa B AnMaTbI (290 MJIH. M3/ ro,) nyrem CO3AaaHHM rpOMblluJIeHHbIX HJIaHTauHP TOiOji3.
3.134 B HOACHHTeIbHOA 3arHCKe K HpoeKTy rpeACTaBneHbl pacqeTbi MaclHTa6OB pa6oT H         HHO HTeThi x
CO3aaHHMA rPOMbIluJIeHHbIx rnaHTaT\HH, peKomeHAaLxH  B OTHOiHeHHH HiClpcHKTHBHbIX 3aflaCOB TO-
noH1 (KOTOpblHB HbjMeTc OCHOBHbIM HCTOxIHHKOM ,gpeBecHHbl - ,o 400 M3/ra K HHTHaggaTwieTHemy
BO3pacTy), pa3pa6oTKa TeXHOj1OrHH JiI co3LAaHHs ruiaHTagmH, BKmiOqaS rOiorOTOBKY TeppHTOpHH H
rOqBbI, roCa,AKy, yKa3aHH5I 0 BH,aaX rOCaAOxHoro MaTepHaJIa, CpOKH H MeTO,bI rOCaJaKH, o6c.nyxuBa-
HHe riiaHTaLHH, pe)KHMbL opoiIIeHHM, Mepbi 60pb6bI C BpeAHTenIMH H 6oJIe3H3XMH. B HoHCHHTeJ1bHO9
3arIHCKe TameKe paCCMOTpeHbI BOfpOCbl pa6OTbI rUaHTaUHH, OXpaHbl OKpywKa1OgeA CpeAbl, npeAcTaB-
IieHbl paCHeTbl HeO6xOAHMbix CpeCACTB HpOH3BOJACTBa H cPHHaHCOBbIX Cpe,CTB Ha feplHo jgo 2005
roAa.
3.135 lpoeKT BKJHOoqaeT peKOMCHJaUHH H rpeWnoXKeHHH, KaCaiollWHecA co3AaHHS rpegIpHATHA nO Bblpa-
IHBaHHIO H repBHqHoA repepa6oTKe aepeBbeB, CTPOHTenjbCTBa TaKHx ipe npHATAH Heo6xoAiH-
Moro o6opyAOBaHH31. CM. Ta6JiHUy 4, rge ripeqCTaBBjeHbl TeXHH,ecKH gOryCTHMbie napamerpbi npo-
eKTa. CMerbl pa6oT npHBegeHbI B py6.neBbIx ueHax 1989 roAa.
3.136 KpoMe 3KOHOMH4qeCKHX Bbirog, rmaHTaULHH TorojL5, ipH YCJIOBHH HCrIOJIb3OBaHHM CTOx4HbIX BOg Ai-
MaTmi, MOryT pellHmTb cyuAecTByiomyio 3KoJIorH4ecKyio Hpo6jieMy HCHOJIb3OBaHHM CTO'qHbIX BOA H MOryI
CyWeCTBeHHO IOMOqb B o3gopOBMeHHH rOpOACKOI npOMbHimeHHOH CpeJbI H B yJIyqIIeHHH ripHpOA-
HbIX CTerHbIX TeppHTOpHA KpyHHoro rpOMbilllmeHHOrO ropoga.
HecMOTpH Ha 3KOHoMHiecKHe H 3KojiorH4ecKHe rpeHMyHecTBa npoeKTa, pa6oTmi 6buiH rpeKpaHeHbI.
Onbum defaney1ou4ux npoelcmoe no meauopa4uu meco6
na o6nxamwuew     ca die Apancicozo mops
3.137 MHHHcTepcTBo nIecHoro xO3wicTBa Ka3axcTaHa nopy'4uo ,genapTaMeHTy HayqHO-TexHH'.ecKoro npo-
rpecca H pa3BHT5 JIeCHoro XO3HHCTBa rpOBeCTH HCCJIeAOBaHHe BereTaTHBHbIX CBOHCTB nOqB o6Ha-
(HBiiierocA AHa ApaibcKoro MOpq, rOiArOTOBHTb T30 H co3ma   arpohecOMe HOPaTHBHyio CTaHiUHio
,AL qpHTOMejiHOpaHiHH o6HafKHBuierocq gHa MOp3, KOTOpOA 6ygeT 3aHHMaTbCH Ka3aXCKHfi HnHMIA
HHcm'Tyra Ka3rHnpofleCxo3. bbuio npHHaTo peiueHi4e o BbiHOJIHeHHH YKa3a CoBeTa MHHHCTpOB Ka3ax-
CKOHi COBeTCKOH ComaiJIHCTHxeCKOA Pecny6fiHiKi N° 555, OT 29 HoA6pq 1988 roga "O peaAH3aHH
yKa3a LeHTpaAbHOrO KOMHTeTa KOMMyHHCTHqeCKO riapTHH CCCP" H YKa3a CoBeTa MHHHCTPOB CCCP
Ng 1 110 OT 19 ceHT3i6pII 1988 roja "O mepax gmiS KopeHHoro yIyqllleHHH 3KOHOMHKH H caHHTaPHH B
perHOHe ApajIbcKoro MOpA H xU yKperuieHHM 3aMllTbl BOAHbIX H 3eMejIbHbIX pecypCOB B ero 6acceAHe".



66
3.138 HcciegaoBaHH5L rpHBenH K BbIgeJIiHHiO 365 000 ra ,Ansx arponecomeniopagH4 Ha rpaHHi4ax o6e3BO-
AKeHHbIX TeppHTOpHI4, TO eCTb 32,1% H3yqeHHbIX 3eMeIb.
3.139 KbI3bnI-OpjAbIHcKoe .iecorpoH3BOACTBeHHoe npegnpHl4THe KoMHTCTa Ho JIeCHOMY XO3MHCTBy nopy-
tqHRO HHCTHTyTy Ka3rHupo.neCxo3 pa3pa6oTaTb ceMb nogpo6Hbix ruiaHOB C 1990 no 1994 rr. fPaHbI
KaCaAIHCb OCBOeHH4 oripeeiCieHHbIX yqaCTKOB o6Hax'BIIIeACH TeppHTOpHH, OrpeWeIieHHbIX no, ar-
pojnecoMeiiHopaLuHIO B aHaJIH3e TeXHH1eCKOA OcylleCTBHMOCTH. B Ka)KOM noApo6HoM rIuaHe onpe-
,Aej1l4HCb BH,bI pa6oT Ho arpoJiecoMeiiHopaiHH, Tpe6yeMbie TeXHOJIOrHH, pa3HOBWgHOCTH, BH, no-
Ca,O4HOrO MaTepHajia/noceBHoro MaTepHaIa, ropfgoK pa6oT, HOrppgqHKH, HeO6XOgHMbIe MaTepH-
anibi, pa6oqaq cina, o6OpyAOBaHHe H CpeCCTBa. CpeCJCTBa 6bIn HrpHBSB3aHbI K KOHKpeTHbIM "HaCTKUM
o6HaxlBiuerOCI JAHa H 3TaraM HX OCBOeHH4. 3TO BCe HOKa3aHO Ha nuiaHe (MaCuTa6 1: 50 000).
3.140 CM. Ta6JIHuy 5, B KOTOpOA HpHBegJeHbI BHJ4bI H 06obeMbi HnaHOB, a TaK?Ke pacripeJejieHHe 3aTpaT nO
OCHOBHbIM 3IieMeHTaM npimepa Hogpo6Horo ruiaHa pa6oT HO arponecoMeiHopaI41H4 Ha o6HaKIB-
imemc.q AHe ApaJbCKOrO MOpq (3Tan rV, "aCTOK KaCKaKyjiaH), KOTOpbIH 6bIn Ho,rOTOBJIeH HIHCTHTY-
TOM Ka3rHnpojieCxO3 KoMHTeTa Ho JIecHOMY XO33HCTBy HPH MHHHCTepCTBe 3KojiorHH H 6HojiorH-
'iecCKHx pecypcoB Ka3axcTaHa B 1994 rogiy. 3aTpaTbI HOKa3aHbI B TbIc3iiaX TeHre. LeHbI HpHBegeHbi HO
COCTOAHHIO Ha 5HBapb 1994 roga H OCHOBaHbI Ha rpOeKTHO-CMeTHOH goKyMeHTaUHH.
3.141 Iogpo6HbIe ruaHbI mep no arpo necomenHopauiH o6HaAZCHHbIX yIacTKoB AHa ApaIbCKoro MOpSI 6bUIn
peajiH3OBaHbI nociie BbI,geIeHHS1 Cpe,CTB H3 rocyAapCTBeHHoro 6ioDxeTa pecrry6.IIKHi Ka3aXCTaH.
lpoeiKrHaM KOMHaHHl - HHCTHTyT Ka3rHnpo.neCxO3 - ocyiAeCTBjiqjna B 2000-2001 rr. aBTopcKHH Ha,-
30p, KOTOpbIH BbI$BHJ CyIIeCTBeHHbIe OTKJIOHeHHq OT H3Ha'ajibHoro npoeKTa, a TaKAKe nOKa3aji He-
yAOBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHbIe pe3yjibTaTbl. (CM. Ta6JIHLqy 6).
3.142 aeACTByIgHe riOpKTbI Ho arponiecoMe.'Hopau[H o6Ha)KeHHoro AHa ApaibcKoro MOpA 6buiH pea-
JIH3OBaHbI TOJIbKO Ha 30%. flpegbyuMee Ha6JioJgeHHe H HHBeHTaPH3[aUHR HacaAqeCHHP HOKa3bIBalOT,
'4TO TOJIbKO 40% OCBOeHHbIX 3eMeCJb AaJInH HO10KHTejIbHbIe pe3yJIbTaTbl; 'ITO BbDKIHBHIHe KyJIbTypbI
HMelOT HH3Koe Ka4eCTBo; a HOAp3Siqi4HKH (iiecO3arOTOBHTeJlbHbIe ripegripH5ITHM) CyuAeCTBeHHO OTO-
IllJIH OT HJIaHa:
*   lOCaagO'IHbIA MaTepHaj1 (caxeHgbI) HH3KOrO KaHeCTBa. HpoeKT rpeycmaTpHBaeT HCrOjib3OBa-
HHe caKCHueB, BbIpameHHbIX H3 ceM1lH MeCTHbIX JIeCOH4TOMHHKOB, pacrojio)KeHHbIX Heno,gaie-
Ky OT MeCT iecopa3BeAeHHM. BMeCTO 3TOrO 6bIn HCHOJIb30BaH rOCaago4HbIA MaTepHan H HeCTaH-
LaapTHbIe JAHYKH (eCTeCTBeHHoe JIecopa3BeleHHe) co c.Ia6bIMH KOpHqMH H 60.nbmIIMH BepxymKa-
MH, nPHB43eHHbIe H3 Ta.nIbIKOpraHCKOP o6.naCT1H.
* 3anhIaHHpOBaHHbiA rpa4mK nOCagKWH He co6io,aanCA: BMeCTO HOCa,gKH paHHeH BeCHOH roca,AKa B
OCHOBHOM rpOBOAHJiaCb OCeHblO; a repHOq rOCa,AKH H 3aceBa, KOTOpbIH Ho npOeKTy gonKeH 6bIn
6bITb 10-15 JAHeH, cymeCTBeHHO 3aT5HYJICA.
* He 6bInH HCHOJIb3OBaHbI 3aruiaHHpOBaHHbIe MeTO,JbI rOJrOTOBKH HOHBbI.
* TeXHHKa H o6OpyJAOBaHHe He COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH CTaHJaapTaM, TaKHM o6pa3OM, BMeCTO TOrO tITo6bI
HCHOJIb3OBaTb CHCuHanJbHbIe HOCeBHbIC arperaTbl, cemeHa BbICCBaJIHCb C TpaKrOpa BpyHy1H, 'iTO
IpHBenO K CLyBaHHIo CeMMH c paciaxaHHbIX ro.leH. TeXHHKa, HCHOJIb3OBaHHaq W3iH rOJrOTOBKH
IO'qBbI H BbICa)KHBaHHM, OTJIH'4aJIaCb OT TOrO, 'ITO 6bImIO ripeIYCMOTpeHO WR npoeKTa, qTO HpHBe-
no K HH3KOMY Ka,eCTBy 3THX pa6oT.
* HOBaTOpCKHe TeXHOJOirHH, ipegyCMOTpeHHble gi npoeKTa He 6binH HCHOJIb3OBaHbI, B CBSI3H C
'LeM HeBO3MO)KHO O[\eHHTh HX B44eKTHBHOCTb (BbIceBaHHe CMeCH CeMAH nCaMMO()HTOB B necqa-
HbIe 6OpO3jAbI, 3aKpeHJIeHHe BDK~yHMH BeiiAeCTBaMH, BblCeBaHHCe rpaHYIpOBaHHbIX CeMhH H T..)
3.143 COOTBeTCTBeHHO, H3-3a HeIAOCTaTO4HOrO (HHaHCHpOBaHHI, a TaBoKe H3-3a cyigeCTBCHHbIX OTKJIOHe-
HHH OT H.lIaHa, BaAHbIli HOBaTOpCKH1 HpOCKT jIeCOpa3BCeCHH5 Ha o6HaKHBiueMCcI AHe ApalibCKoro
MOpsI, HpeJgCTaBjuuouAiHH OrpOMHOe qKOjiorFH4eCKOe 3HaieHHe, He 6bIn peajil43oBaH, HO3TOMy JgOCTa-
T04HO Tpy,AHO CY,ZHTb O ero 34(4eKTHBHOCTH.



67
3.144 B CB513H c OTgaJleHHOCTbIO paHOHOB itcopa3BeqeHHA OT HaCeJIeHHbIX paHOHOB, yMaCTHe MeCTHOrO
Hace.ieHH,I B peaJH3a1H1HH npoeKTa Mo)KeT 6blTb HepeaJIbHblM, a B03MO)KHOCTb rHiBjeICb MeCTHOe
HaceiieHHe K BbIpaHIHBaHHIO rOCagOq4Horo MaTepHaia 6bma ynylleHa.
Onbim 6occmauoa6zeHtus     ecueco  uecoeoOcmo 6 Ka3axmaaue
Pa,u§lwrnbie eumbuzeco6odcun6a u 6occmawowzewuq qeco6 6 nepuod c 2002 no 2010 2u.
3.145 KaK yxKe OTMe4ajiOCb B Pa3genie 1, B rpeqbWllMHe geCATHJieTHM B Ka3aXCTaHe BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe JneCOB
H .ieCOBOJACTBO ocyiUeCTBJInJIHCb Ha o6iiiHpHbix rnjolJaAJX. JleCHbIe rOpOTbI H 3alAHTHbie PaCTeHH51
(rocyvapcTBeHHbie IieconoJIocbi) COCTaBJIlIOT 1 094,3 TbIC. ra (0,04 %) B JIeCHOM QOHA,e 3aHHTHbIe
J1ecoIOJ1OCbI Ha 3eMji$x ceJlbCKOXO35qf!CTBeHHbix HpegripHMTHH - 170 TbIC. ra, H riOTH 30% aBTOMO-
6HvbHbIX H )Keiie3HbIX Aopor pecCy6JIHKH Ka3aXcTaH Orpa)KLeHbl HCKyCCTBeHHO roca)KeHHbiMH iie-
corioocaMH.
3.146 OAjHaKO 3a rocJ1egHHe 10-15 ineT o6beM pa6oT nO BOCCTaHOBeHHIO nIecOB coKpaTHmcq 6o0iee MeM B
10 pa3, B TO BpeM3i KaK 3aMHTHoe iiecOBOACTBo 6buio upaKTH'4ecKH HOJIHOCTbIO fpeKpaiueHO. lJiaHO-
Bbie pa6oTbl B 3TOT rIepHOq He ripOBOAHJIHCb. B TO ?KC BpeMq B Ka3aXCTaHe HMCeTCi 3HaLHTeJ1bHbli
OribIT ycnelmHoA peaAH3aHHH ripOeKTOB nO BOCCT2HOBJICHHIO J1eCOB H iieCOBOACTBY.
3.147 OJAHHM H3 HOJIO)KEHTeCJbHbIX npHMepOB BbICaAKH CaHHTapHO-3aIIHTHblX 3eJleHbIx 30H BOKpyr ropo-
JOB B CTeCHbIX H rOJyIIyCTbIHHbIX 3OHaX 6buio 3aca)KHBaHHe 3OHbI BOKpyr rpHropOOHorO BOnOXpa-
HHJIHWa oKono i4HMKeHTa B 1963-1965 rr., H caHHTapHO-3aIuHTHOA 3enieHO1 3OHbi ACTaHbI, KOTOpa35
BbICa)KHBaeTC.q c 1997 roga. 3e.leHbie 3OHbl, Bbica)KeHHbie B 1970-x rogax BOKpyr gpyrHX HacenJeHHbIX
HYHKTOB B IONyIyCTbIHHOHi H CTerHOLH 3OHax (ropoja KbI3bLTOpIqa, )KaHblKypraH, Y3eHb, rypbeB, Ajira,
3Dm6acTy3, AKCY H gpyrHe) B HacToswee BpeMq HaXOJXTC5q B IJIOXOM COCTOHHH, y HHX HH3KHe 3a-
u1AHTHbie KO3ctxHLAHeHTbI, H OHH 4aCTHqHO HC4e3aioT, HcHe3HoBeHHe B OCHOBHOM BbI3BaHO cylCe-
CTBeHHbIMH OTKJIOHeHH5IMH OT H3HaLjabHoro ipoeKTHOFO riiaHa rogrOTOBKH rOlB H MeJiHopaUH-
OHHbIX MepOHpHATHA, OTCYTCTBHeM OpOiueHHq, a TaKAKe HegOCTaTOxlHbIM fHHaHCHpOBaHHeM.
HHXe HpHBOAHTCH pC310MC HeCKOJ1bKHX KOHKpeTHbIX HOJIO)KHTeJIbHblx JiCcOBOJ4CCKHX HpOeKTOB.
JlecHaui no.ioca xa epaium4e c MouxwKyicKwLmu necKamu
1.148 OjHHM H3 HOJIO2KHTeCJbHbix rpHMepOB JieCOBOACTBa B HyCTbIHHOA 3OHe 3iBjmeTCI rOCyAaPCTBeHHaq
3aIIHTHaq JICecononIoca Ha rpaHHUe c MOHHKyMCKHMH reCKaMH, KOTOpaS BO3HHKTIa B pe3yJIbTaTe cJne-
AJYOHHX rpOeKTOB:
* CxeMa co3gaHHM rocygapCTBeHHOA 3aIIHTHOA 3OHbI Ha rpaHHLe c MOHHKYMCKHMH reCKaMH, Ca-
paTOBCKHA QHAHn rocygapCTBeHHoro npoeKTHOrO HHCTHTTya "CoIo3rHnponecxo3", 1966 rog;
* TeXHHHCcKHA pa6otrHA riOeKT CO3gaaHH5q rocyapCTBeHHOi MOHHKYMCKOH 3aIIjHTHOIf .necono-
JOCbI B ,DKaM6yJIbCKOA o6.nacTH, Ka3aXCKHA qHAHaji rocyaPCTBeHHoro npOeKTHOrO HHCTHTyTa
"C01O3rHnpojiecxo3", YpoBeHb I - 1968 rog; ypOBeHb II - 1970 rog.
3.149 OT,'erbl Ka3aXCKHX CielJuHaJIHCTOB B HepHog c 1972 no 1980 rr. mOKa3blBamOT, MTO Ha ripOTAKeHHH 14
iieT - c 1967 roga Ho 1980 rOg, BAOJlb MOHHKYMCKHX HCcKOB 6blJIO BbiCa)KeHO 4 008 ra 3alHTHOIi
rocyJapCTBeHHOH .iecornojloCbi o6mieA rpOTAKeHHOCTbIO 128 KM. B HaCToAMee BPCMq Bce locaRKH B
palOHe flOKpblTbl IiecoM. B OCHOBHOM OHH HaXOLIATCq B xopoIIeM COCTOAHHH H BbiHoIlHAIOT CBOIO
pyHKLifo - Cjry(KaT IOwKHoA rpaHH1xeH MOHHKyMCKHX reCKOB, rpegoTBpala5 noriaAaHHe rbLTH H
reCKa Ha COCe,LHHC ceJIbCKOXO35.ficTBeHHbie yroAbq. KpynHeiMHlll   H CaMbIH BHAHMbIH pe3yjibTaT Aoc-
THFH}T B gepeBHe AKbip-Tio6e, rge 3b16y4He riCKH 6bmnH OCTaHOB.IeHbl JieCHOH rionoCOA Ha pacCT031
HHH 150-200 MeTPOB OT OCHOBHorO HaUHOHaIbHoro iliocce AIMaTbl - TallIKeHT. HH3KHH Bq3, BbIca-
2KeHHblHi B rocyJapCTBCHHOP nieconojioce H JOCTHrFmHP B03paCTa 10-15 nieT,,jOCTHraeT 8-10 MeTpOB
B BbiCOTy, a pblHO'-HbIC 3aHiaCbl JpeBeCHHbl COCTaBJIMIOT 15-25 M3 Ha reKTap. .ICcO3arOTOBHTeJIbHbie



68
IperIPHSLTW1 B pe3ynbTaTe CaHHTapHoA BbIpy6KH noiryqaloT 3 - 10 M3 gpeBecHHbI c reKTapa, H nonry-
qalOT gOCTaTOqHyiO HpH6bUIb OT ripoa)KH ,pOB MeCTHOMy HacenieHHIO.
PHcyHKiH 1 H 2 (H3o6pa)KeHHe Ha61IioAeHHH B 1980 roAy) flOKa3bIBaioT xopomee COCTORHHe rocyAap-
CTBeHHOH 3aHiHTHOA Iieconoj1oCbI (F3J1H), BbIca)KeHHOA Ha rpaHHLue c MOHHKyMCKHMH reCKaMH.
Cucme4a 3auNumnbuxJecubix nonoc 6AJmamunc1cou o6aacmu
1.150 EMre OJAHHM rOIO)oHTenJbHbIM rpHMepOM 3aMHiTHOrO iiecoBoBqcTBa B IOJY1YCTbIHHbIX 3OHax BJueTcC
cHCTeMa 3auHTHbIx JIeCHbIX nOJIOC, BbICaKeHHaA B pe3ynbTaTe npoeKToB Ka3axcKoro qHnHana rocy-
jAapcTBeHHoro npoemrHoro HHCTHTTr a "Coo3rHripo.neCxo3" B nepHo, c 1969 rio 1972 rr. B MaCCHBe
KapoH (xanoP paHOH) B AJIMaTHHCKOP 06.iacTH AM 3aHHThI nIeCOB OT oTpHgaTeAbHorO BO3ACeCTBHA
BeTpOBOP 3pO3HH H rbIllbHbIx 6ypb. BbIcaxceHHaq necononioca ripOTTHynlaCb Ha 239 KM, o6ugaA 3aca-
?KeHHaAs rmoIa,1b COCTrBa eT 1 944,3 ra. BJ1aroJAapq 3THM HaCaAXeHHAM neCOK H rbIbIb, repeHOCi4MbIe
qepe3 6epera peK KypTa H KacKeJIeH, 6bImH OCTaHOBjieHbI. lojioxHTejIbHoe Bo3AeAcTBme IieCHbIx nornoc
o,eBHAHO B AepeBH5IX, paCrOojO)KeHHbLX B6JHi3H OT )KenJe3HOOpO?KHbIX CTaHuHm Y3yH-Araiu, KypTcT-
pOA H AKbIP, rAe OHH yJIyqIIIHH CaHHTapHOe COCTOAHHl BO3,YXa H BOJAHbIX pecypCOB.
3au4umnaJiAecna,q nonoca    3uw-iemaq 2opa - KacnuucKoe.mope"
3.151 CaMbIM KpyHHbIM, AOJ1FOCpO4HbIM H oqeHb yCne11HbIM ipHMePOM 3aIuHTHOrO .ieCOBOACTBa B CTer-
HOA 3OHe Ka3axcTaHa qBJIAeTCiI rocy,apcTBeHHaq 3arMHTHaq iieCHaH noinoca "BHmHeBas ropa - Kac-
rHHCKoe Mope", pacHojio)KeHHaq Ha TeppHTOpHH JiieCO3arOToBHTejibHbIX HpeJAWpHMTHA B 3anaAHo-
Ka3aXCTaHCKOP o6niacmH (PHCYHOK 3).
3.152 B 1973 rojAy Ka3axcKi4  HniHanJI rocyapCTBeHHoro npOeKTHOrO 4HCTHTyTa "Coio3riHnpoAeCxo3"
pa3pa6OTajI TeXHHqeCKHIH HpOCKT BOCCTaHOBjieHH4, BOCCO3AaJHH51 H COXpaHeHHS HaCax(eHHP B ro-
CyAapCTBeHHOP iieCHOP nornoce `BHi4HeBaq ropa - KacHHPcKoe Mope" B Ypa.bCKOP o6.nacTI4 (B Ha-
cTo,rquee BpeMA 3ara,AHo-Ka3aXcTaHcKaAI o6iacTb). Focy,apcTBeHHas niecHaq nonoca 6buIa nocaxeHa
B CTerHoP, 6e3necHoA 3OHe B 1950 - 1970 rr., H B HacTo5ulee BpeMH ee npoTIKeHHOCTb COCTaBJMeT 1
540 KM, a rmoiltaAb OXBaTbIBaeT 24,2 TbIC. ra. rocyAapCTBeHHaA jieCHaq nornoca nOKpbIBaeT o6a 6epera
peKH Ypa.n B npeejeiax OT 1 AO 10 KM OT pycna peKH. CrpyKTypa rOCyAapCTBeHHOP JIeCHoH rOioOCbI
BKMIOIaeT TpH y4acTKa (rOnIOCbl) HaCa-geHHH IIIHpHHoH 60 M, c ipoMCeKyTKOM Mexcyy roj1ocaMH
100-200 M. K 1975 rOuy BCe nieca rOCy,JapCTBeHHbIX jieCO3a2HATHbIX rIojioc 6buIH repeKjiaCcHG4HuH-
pOBaHbI KaK coxpaHqembie nieCHbIe yroJgbM, H Tenepb TaM CyuAeCTBYeT eCTKO BbIpaXKeHHaA .neCHas cpe-
Ia C fAHKHMH )KHBOTHbIMH H rTHLJaMH. Ha npoTAKeHHH 6o0iee 30 neT rocyeapcTBeHHaA CeCHaH nOjiO-
ca BbIHojiHAia CaMbIe Ba)KHbIe rH,ApoJorHqecKHe H BOJqOOXpaHHbie q4yHKmHH Ho peryuiipOBaHHio
rOBepXHOCTHOrO jApeHa)Ka H yiyimiueHHIO COCTOAHHS BOAbI B peKe Ypa.n. FOcyjaapcTBeHHas JIeCHaq
nonioca TaiOKe HMeeT Ba)KHOe rOMBO3aLUHTHoe, caHHTapHo-rHrHeHH4ecKoe, 3CTeTHqeCKOe 4 peKpea-
L1HOHHOe 3HaqeHi4e. Ha y-qacTKax Aoporax B,OIb rOCygapCTBeHHOP IieCHOH HOJIOCbI He 6bUIO 3aMeqe-
HO CHe)KHbIX HnH rlbLIbHbIX 3aHoCOB, B OT.iHqHe OT yqaCTKOB, He 3all4H14LHHbIX HaCaexeHHAIMH. Kpo-
Me Toro, HacaxKeHHA roCy,aPCTBeHHOP iieCHOH nOJIOCbI CjIYKaT CeMeHHOHi 6a3OA AM cTerIHorO 3a-
llAHTHOrO iieCOBOACTBa. JIeCO3arOTOBHTeJIbHbie riperiPHMTHM rOJIyqaioT rHp6buIb OT BTOpOCTeHeH-
HOrO HCHOJIb3OBaHHSI H CaHHTapHOP Bbipy6KH4 HaCaAeHHA B rocyAapCTBeHHOP iieCHOP nonioce. KOH-
KpeTHbie 3KOHOMHxeCKIe BbiFOrAbi H nO3HTHBHbie H3MeHeHHA B K)IHMaTe, BbI3BaHHbIe CyIueCTByIOIgH-
MH HaCaxKeHHIMH rOCyJ7apCTBeHHOP 1IeCHOH IOJIOCbl He rOiCgHTbIBa14HCb, XOTA 3HaqeHHe TaKi4X
HacaeHHH B CTerHO14 3OHe riepeOueHHTb Tpy,HO.
Hey0a1tu u 6yoyuNue nepcnecmuebl
3.153 BoccTaHoBMeHHe IieCOB H necOBOCTBO B cepe,wHHe 1970-x H 1980-X B OCHOBHOM OTjiHqaIOCb HH3-
KHM KaqeCTBOM (KOpHH He ipeBbIIIuaniH 30-40%). HeraTHBHbli OribIT JIiCOBO,CTBa H BOCCTaHOBj1eHH4



69
iieCOB B 3TOT nepHO, B OCHOBHOM 6bI o6ychIoBjeH ripHrHHCKaMH K BbiHOJ11HeHHbIM pa6OTaM. B TaKHx
CJIO)KHbIX, He6jiaroHpH5THbIx ,VH iieCOBOJACTBa YCJ1OBHhX KaK B Ka3aXcTaHe, ycnex HaCaxeHH Ha-
rpIMYIO 3aBHCHT OT KawfCTBa rOiorOTOBKH rIO'B, HCHIOJ1b3OBaHHM gojirOBteqHoro paHiOHHpOBaHHOrO
nocagOqHoro MaTepHaIa pea,H3aUHH B MaKcHManbHO cKaTmie CpOKH H OT CBOeBpeMeHHOrO o6cjiy-
)KHBaHHM. YcnellHoe BOCCTaHOBjieHHie nIecOB H iiCOBOgCTBO c camoro Haqana 6binH o6peteHbl Ha
npOBsa B HeKOTOpbIX iieCO3arOTOBHTenJbHbIX npeArHpHHTHMX, KOTOpbie rIOJIanJ1H HepeanJbHbIe 3aga-
HH1I c o6beMaMH iiieCHbIX pa6oT, rpeBbIlialOLuHMH 5 TbICAJ ra B ro, (BbiceBaHHe caKcayjia, arpojneco-
MeJIHOpaUH51 Ha o6HaXHBmeMCH AHe ApaIbCKoro MOpI), HmH Ho co3gaHHHI 3alHTHbIX HacaXCeHH1
Ha TeppHTOpHH, npeBbIiuaioMdei 1000 ra B ron, rHi He,OCTaTO'1HOM TeXHH4eCKOM o6opy,AoBaHHH
AM KYJIbTHBauHH HOMB, 3acesa H BblCaK1KH, a TaioKe rHi OTCYTCTBHH BbICOKOKa4eCTBeHHOrO nocago'i-
Horo (noceBHoro) MaTepHana, ipH HCHOjTb3OBaHHH HMHOpTHpOBaHHbIX (HepatOHHpOBaHHbIX, He-
CTaH,LapTHbIX) ca)KeHqeB H CeMAH.
3.154 B HacToAunee BpeMH Ka3axcTaH HcribIThIBaeT OrpOMHyIO Heo6xoAlMOCTh B BOCCTaHoBBJeHHH hIeCOB H
ynJyquieHHOM IieCHOM xO3AHCTBe. I<CciieAOBaHHq Ka3axcKoro HccieAOBaTenbcKorO HHCTHTyra nec-
HOrO X035IHCTBa HOKa3a.IH, 'ITO, y'qlHTbIBaA KT1HMaTH-eCKHe H oKpylXKaoiiAHe yCJiOBHS, OnTHMajibHaw
iecHcTocTm TeppHTOpHH jo.mnfa cocTaBwuTi 5,1%, TaKi4M o6pa3OM, 3aca2KeHHbie JiecaMH ruioHiag4H
qonvKHbi yBejiH'-IHThCA Ha 2,1 MJIH. ra. B HacTosAiiee BpeMH Pa3BHTHe BOCcTaHoBneHHA iiecOB H nieco-
BOACTBa B iepByio oqepeJgb TOpM03HTC31 OTCyTCTBHiM JAOCTaTO4HOH maTepmanbHOA H TeXHHieCKOA
6a3bI Ha JiecO3arOTOBHTenJbHbix rpe,iTpHATHAx, a TaloKe HeAOCTaTOLIHbIM fHMHCHpOWHHem 3THX
pa6oT.
3.155 HlpHJoKeHHe   H H AarpaMMbI _ ripeAcTaBnLoT Hogpo6HbIe gaHHbIe o npegBapHTenbHbIX o6ieMax
pa6oT H 0 qHHaHCOBbIX 3aTpaTax, CBH3aHHbIX C BOCCTaHoBjieHHeM nieCOB H JIecOBOACTBOM B TpeX
o6iiacTAx Ka3axcTaHa B nepHoTa glo 2010 ro,a c onHcaHHeM flporpaMMbI "Jleca Ka3aXcTaHa" H c peKO-
MeHga1HHMH Ka3axcKoro HCccJiegOBaTenJbCKoro HHCTHTiyTa nieCHoro X03AHCTBa.
Acne,cmui e3auLmoe4cmmua e o6wiacmu 6occmauoefenuu .izecoe u uiecoeodcmea
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AHJIO 3aHUHTHoe iiecHoe X03AHCTBO, nocaAKa rocy,gapCTBeHHbix nieconOnjOC H 3enJeHbIX 30H B ropojgax
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KAPTA 2
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KAPTA 3
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