E1067 V8 REPUBLIC OF YEMEN MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS & HIGHWAYS (MPWH) ROAD MAINTENANCE FUND (RMF) ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (RAMP) IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (IU) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Of ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For AMRAN – HAJAH ROAD PROJECT (45 km) PREPARED BY: IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (IU) 12/31/2013 FINAL - ESIA SUB-PROJECT (1) AL HUDAIDAH GOVERNORATE REPUBLIC OF YEMEN MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS & HIGHWAYS (MPWH) ROAD MAINTENANCE FUND (RMF) ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (RAMP) IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (IU) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Of ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For AMRAN – HAJAH ROAD PROJECT (45 km) Prepared by: IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (IU) December 2013 1 RAMP IU Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction The Amran – Hajja road project is financed under the Second Rural Access Project (RAP2), and managed by the RMF Implementation Unit (IU). This ESIA contains the results of the environmental and social impact assessment undertaken for the Backlog Works and Repairs Phase as well as Routine Maintenance of the project for Amran and Hajja road. It complies with the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Policies and the Relevant Yemen Regulations. This ESIA document follows the Sectoral Environmental Assessment completed in September 2009. It identifies and assesses the environmental and social risks and impacts. In addition, this report determines the necessary mitigation measures and elaborates the necessary management and monitoring plans to ensure that impacts are dealt with and mitigation measures are followed during construction and maintenance phases. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) follows at the end of this report. The ESIA report was carried out according to the guidelines set out in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework (ESIAF) Document prepared for the implementation unit within the RMF. The Environmental and Social Review Processes and the Environmental and Social Screening and Scoping Checklist for the Amran-Hajja road were the main tools used during the preparation of this ESIA report. 2. Project Objectives The project development objective is to upgrade the existing paved road to good conditions and to prevent its future deterioration. Furthermore, to improve traffic safety at critical locations, improve slope stability at mountainous locations, clean cross drainage and side ditches and remove the illegal speed bumps and build new safe speed bumps. A very important objective is to alleviate poverty in the area by creating local employment through road maintenance works by improving access to basic services such as schools, health centers and markets. The backlog maintenance works of the proposed project will meet the future demand for better transportation and communication between many districts and villages, such as, Amran City, Qaren area, Al-Ashmoor, Bani Mawhab, Shers- Bani Wardan, Ain Ali, Hajja City from Hajja and Amran governorates. In addition, keeping in view an anticipated overall development in the northern region of the country, it will reduce travel time and reduce the cost of freight traffic between the two governorates. Moreover, the importance of maintaining this project of 45 km length is to serve directly the Amran-Hajja road with the population of about 2,300,000 inhabitants within the project area. The road attracts freight traffic between Amran and Hajja Governorates. 3. Project Description The proposed project includes one road connecting the Amran and the Hajja Governorates with the length of 45 km. The Hajja Governorate is located 123 km North- West of Sana’a City. It is bounded by the Red sea, Saudi Arabia, and Sa’ada, Amran, Al Mahweet, and Al Hudaida Governorates. On the other hand, Amran Governorate is located 50km North of Sana'a City. It is bordered by Saddas, Sana'a, Hajjah, Mahweet, and Al-Jawf and Sana'a Governorates. Executive Summary 2 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ The main project activities would include repairs of riprap, road resurfacing, crack sealing, repair and cleaning of shoulders, installation of pipe culverts, installation of road sign, installation of safety barriers and handrails. 4. Legal and Institutional Framework The ESIA of this project is carried out to meet the requirements of the Environment Protection Law (EPL) No. 26 of 1995 in Yemen that sets the framework for protection of the environment, natural resources, society and health. The provisions of this framework law are implemented through the Executive Regulations (By-Law 148-2000), issued by a decree of the Council of Ministers. According to the Law 25 described above, the EMP is required for road maintenance works. In addition, this ESIA report has been prepared in conformity with World Bank Operational Policies OP/BP/GP 4.01 triggered by the project. 5. Baseline Conditions A field study was carried out in details by the environmental, social and gender specialists for the purpose of assessing the existing environmental and social conditions. a. Physical Region and Land Use Physical Region: The physiographic characteristics of the project area are very diverse. The Hajja Governorate is located north- west of Sana’a City. The terrain type of this road is mountainous with very high and steep slopes. Land Use: the road alignment passes through the agricultural land. Most of the terrains have vegetative cover. Agricultural and pastures activities are the major land use characteristic at the project area. b. Climate, Rainfall and Water Resources Climate and Rainfall: Hajja Governorate is characterized by arid tropical climate with the mean temperatures ranging from 25C to 35C, and the relative humidity of 60-80%. This climate covers the coastal plains region and the lower mountain slopes in the west and south. The climate of the Amran Governorate is affected by the height and the surface level. The rainfall in this area ranges from 70 to 400 mm. Water Resources: Water is a scarce commodity with fluctuating supply that has been harvested by Yemenis through intricate system. Yemenis for centuries have been constructing terraces to utilize highlands for cultivation, which are also useful in controlling soil erosion. c. Air Quality and Noise Air Quality: Data in air quality in Yemen in general and the project area in particular is extremely scarce. No proxy data for the project area were found. However, based on the field visit, it was noticed that the air quality along the road alignment is very good and is currently unlikely to be of any concern. Noise: The field survey indicated that the current noise levels along the road alignment are low and do not exceed 55dB due to relatively low traffic volume and speed as well as lack of noisy activities along the road alignment. d. Biological Resources Executive Summary 3 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Fauna: The most common livestock in the area are goats and sheep. People raise also cows, camels and donkeys. Wild animals are found in different areas, especially predators like lions and tigers. Other animals include monkeys, rabbits, foxes, reptiles and birds. The presence of wild animals is found in sparsely populated areas. The valleys are particularly rich in animal and plant species such as Makhlav, Gadeela, Goma’a and Shares. The plants species includes acacia, lotus and eucalyptus. None of these species are under protection or threat. There are no nature protected areas in the Amran and Hajj governorates. e. Socio-Economic The Amran and Hajja Governorates are located in North and West-North of Yemen. Majority of the local population depends on agricultural revenue. The local population still uses the old means of transportation such as donkeys. The most important agricultural crops are fruits, vegetables and grains. Other agricultural activities include beekeeping and fish farming in coastal areas, livestock cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and donkeys in addition to poultry due to the availability of natural trees & grasses and the appropriate climate. The livestock keeping is particularly intensive in part of the Amran Province where there is arable land which is used for crops in rainfall seasons and for pastures in non-agricultural seasons (the north-western districts such as Harf Sufyan, Alsur and Al Agaflah). The Amran Province is ranked ninth among the provinces of the Yemen Republic in terms of the number of animals, reaching 807 thousands, equivalent to 4.54% of the total number of animals in Yemen (2005 statistical data). Given that Hajjah borders Saudi Arabia, it witnesses increasing trade activities through the Gateway of Harad C ity, which is one of the most important customs outlets of the Republic of Yemen. The terrain of the province contains some of the most precious metals such as gold, copper, nickel, cobalt, marble, and quartz. 6. Environmental and Social Impacts Impact scoping was applied to identify and bring focus of environmental assessment study to the key impacts of high magnitude and significance to be considered in the ESIA and to raise the concerns of the impacted communities and involved institutions. In this report, scoping is limited to the backlog works and repairs phase itself. Since this project does not involve the construction of new roads, the negative impacts associated with land acquisition are not expected along the Amran-Hajja road. Also, no adverse impacts are anticipated in respect of sensitive habitats, wildlife or cultural heritage. A number of pre-rehabilitation-related impacts have been identified, most of which are low or moderate. From an environmental and social point of view, the principal concerns are those related to problems associated with:  Landslides some location of the road due to the mountainous terrain, which the road is crossing;  Blocked side ditches and cross drainage by accumulated debris;  The lack of safety measures at sharp curves which cause accidents by negligent driving habits;  The traffic congestion and jam because of grown small basic shops that are movable along the roadside; and  The growing natural trees adjacent to the road. Executive Summary 4 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ The expected negative social and environmental impacts associated with the construction and maintenance of this project are minor, localized, short-term and reversible. The impact scoping exercise indicates that overall, the beneficial impacts of this project (backlog works and repairs phase) on physical and natural resources, safety; job creation and local economic development are expected to outweigh negative impacts. All potentially adverse impacts arising during the road works could be mitigated satisfactorily through the inclusion of suitable environmental and social mitigation measures and monitoring program attached to the bidding documents. 7. Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures will eliminate or reduce the negative impacts of the project. The objective of them is to address the identified negative impacts shown in the screening, scoping and impact analyses. All these mitigation measures should be ensured and approved under the terms of reference and contract for construction and supervision, and as necessary by the agreement with communities that will be stated in the SFA. Therefore, the mitigation plans include measures in order to reduce and mitigate the potentially adverse impacts and strengthening the positives ones. The key mitigation measures proposed include (Table 1): proper management, temporary storage and safe disposal of construction waste, construction of retaining walls and gabions, water spraying during operations causing dust emissions, control measures for waste fuel, oil and lubricants, reduction of noise and dust levels through restricting working hours and proper maintenance of equipment, rehabilitation of areas used for construction detours and sites used for temporarily storage of construction materials, provision of alternative access to residents and roadside businesses. Most of the proposed ESMM mitigation activities would be ensured under provisions in the construction supervision contract documents and as necessary by agreement with the communities that will be stated in the SFA. All costs associated with the mitigation measures for all environmental and social impacts would be incorporated into the overall project budget. 8. Environmental and Social Monitoring Activities The monitoring activities will aim at verifying compliance of project activities with the mitigation measures. It will be the responsibility of the environmental and social specialists’ at the project’s implementation unit. Table 2 presents monitoring activities, and specifies monitoring indicators, frequency, responsibilities and costs. Monitoring activities will rely primarily on field observations, feedback from stakeholders and other affected people, and documentation of their reactions to the project works and their perception of the adequacy of the mitigation measures. Photographic documentation will be required in the continuous and regular monitoring. The project officer of the Second Rural Access Project (RAP2) shall conduct site inspections every 2-6 weeks to monitor the compliance of the project activities, the contractor and the supervising consultant with the applications of all mitigation measures for environmental and social impacts. The Environmental and Social Specialists within the (RAP2) are responsible for overall monitoring of the environmental and social issues resulting from the project activities, and review of monthly reports on contractor compliance. The results of the monitoring will be archived in a project dossier for the WB Audit. 9. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The Environmental and Social Management Plan summarizes the findings of the ESIA. It presents the key impacts identified, mitigation measures and monitoring arrangements - see Table 3 for details. The ESMP establishes a procedural framework for implementing and monitoring the environmental and social mitigation measures for the Amran-Hajja project. The estimated costs of implementing mitigation measures is 4,700 USD (assuming good works practices) and the cost of hiring full time environmental monitoring specialist, vehicle and camera. Executive Summary 5 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ 10. Social Consultations Social consultations were carried out with both male and female beneficiaries. Consultations with the male beneficiaries from the selected local communities along the road were carried out in December 2012. Four road sites were selected for the consultation process. A total of 25 beneficiaries were randomly selected for the above mentioned sites and interviews. Due to the fact that most of the respondents were illiterate, data was collected by face-to-face interviews. The interviews started by a general talk and a brief explanation of the nature and objectives of the project and the study to gain the trust and confidence of the respondents, and ensure reliable and well informed responses. Likewise, consultations with the female beneficiaries were carried out in December, 2012 through field visit and interview with women in different areas along the road to be financed by the project. 47 women were interviewed in 3 areas. During the consultation process, questionnaires were also used to solicit people’s views, concerns, and feedback on the road maintenance activities to be supported by the project. The main feedback received was to put traffic signs at places where school children and students cross to schools, also where women and animals cross to fields and where health centers are placed. The consultation participants recommended also setting a group of residents to control traffic movement next to schools during school time, and to build speed bumps near entrance to villages. Executive Summary 6 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Table 1. Summary of general mitigation measures during the backlog works and repairs phase No. Impact Measure Responsibility Cost Waste Proper solid waste disposal or liquid waste recycling at generation, designated permitted sites 200 USD 1 Contractor storage and Plan for solid and liquid waste management disposal Periodic inspection of equipment maintenance Landslides, Provision of open area ~1m wide stripe, behind cut side Part of the soil erosion, channels, to temporarily accommodate fallen debris contract. and visual Increase the mass thickness of the rock fill to provide additional Supervision Consultants Consultants will issue 2 intrusion resistance to instability and work orders to Build retaining walls and gabions Contractors be financed by Provision of adequate drainage systems the works Planting trees and restoration of vegetation in sensitive zones contracts. Deterioration Usage of well-maintained equipment of air quality Water spraying during dry periods and strong winds for dust Supervision control Consultants 3 and 500 USD Cleaning of vehicle tires. Covering trucks carrying loose construction materials and fill to Contractors avoid dust generation Traffic Informing the public about schedule of repairs/maintenance disruption works Supervision Included Consultants within the 4 Provision of temporary alternative access roads/by-passes and contractor’s Installation of traffic signs Contractors fees. Speed bumps near schools and entrances to villages Increase of Usage of quiet/well- maintained equipment noise levels Limiting noisy activities to normal daylight hours Inform the public about the location and timing of noisy Supervision Included Consultants within the 5 activities and contractor’s Minimizing noisy operations in the Shares market area Contractors fees. Use of safety instructions and personal protective equipment by workers Damage to Fixing the damaged riprap after compacting the top soil along water supply, the eroded side ditches drainage Coordination with land owners on scheduling maintenance system and activities groundwater Keeping the drainage ditches and culverts unblocked by Supervision 6 periodic cleaning Consultants 3,000 USD and Proper side sloping the road to prevent the accumulation of Contractors water on the road surface Storage of liquid materials (especially hydrocarbons) in sealed containers far away from the water sources in authorized dumpsites Damage to Planting trees at critical locations and known animal crossing Supervision fauna and pathways Consultants 7 and 500 USD flora Periodic cleaning and maintenance of culverts to facilitate amphibians crossing Contractors Health & Provision and use of personal protective equipment to workers Contractor Included Safety Installing construction and warning signs and within the 8 supervision contractor’s consultant fees. Executive Summary 7 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Socio- Informing the public and coordinating with them on the Contractor economics schedule of maintenance activities and 9 Provision of alternative access roads/ by-passes supervision 500 USD consultant Traffic management Estimated mitigation costs: 4,700 USD Executive Summary 8 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Table 2. Summary of General Monitoring activities during backlog works and repairs phase. Indicator Parameters Location Measurements Frequency Responsibilities Cost to be (incl. methods & (incl. review and (incl. equipment & monitored equipment) reporting) individuals) Waste Waste type, Along the  Maintaining a record Supervising Input of full time management quantity, road consultant in of type, quantity, and Daily environmental disposal, coordination with disposal location of monitoring location of dedicated engineer/specialist solid and liquid waste solid and engineer- reporting to a liquid waste generation specialist from dedicated engineer generation RMF at RMF Landslides Landslides Along the  Site inspection and Supervising Input of full time soil erosion, soil erosion, road photographic Once a consultant in environmental and Visual and Visual documentation of week. More coordination with monitoring intrusion intrusion frequent dedicated engineer/specialist excavation and during the engineer- reporting to a maintenance activities rainy season specialist from dedicated engineer RMF at RMF  Photographic documentation of planting and re- vegetation activities Air quality Dust Along road  Visual observation and Supervising Input of full time and at photographic Twice a consultant in environmental intersections documentation of week coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist equipment induced engineer- reporting to a emissions and dust specialist from dedicated engineer clouds during RMF at RMF excavation activities  Measurement of dust, NOx and SO2 concentration in the air (special attention: the Shares Market) Traffic Congestion Along road  Site supervision- Supervising Input of full time and at inspection and Twice a consultant in environmental intersections photographic week coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist documentation engineer- reporting to a specialist from dedicated engineer RMF at RMF Noise Hearing Along the  Site supervision, Supervising Input of full time noise level road and at inspection and Twice a consultant in environmental intersections documentation to week coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist ensure implementation engineer- reporting to a of mitigation measures specialist from dedicated engineer RMF at RMF  Random noise monitoring (focus: the Executive Summary 9 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Shares market area) Water supply Water pipes Along the  Close supervision and Supervising Input of full time road documentation of pipe Once a week consultant in environmental re-location activities coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist  Observing nearby engineer- reporting to a specialist from dedicated engineer springs for potential RMF at RMF siltation following a rainfall event Runoff water Vegetation, Along the  Site inspection and Supervising Input of full time and drainage canals, road photographic Once a week consultant in environmental culverts documentation of re- coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist vegetation activities engineer- reporting to a specialist from dedicated engineer  Checking on culverts RMF at RMF particularly following rainfall events Fauna and Vegetation, Along the  Site inspection and Supervising Input of full time flora animals road photographic Once a week consultant in environmental documentation of coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist excavation and re- engineer- reporting to a planting activities specialist from dedicated engineer RMF at RMF Safety Accidents Along the  Inspection/supervision Continuous Supervising Input of full time and injuries road and photographic consultant in environmental documentation coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist  Maintaining a record engineer- reporting to a specialist from dedicated engineer of injuries and RMF at RMF accidents specifying cause and location Socio- Commercial Along the  Site inspection and Continuous Supervising Input of full time economics activities road documentation of consultant in environmental community activities coordination with monitoring dedicated engineer/specialist along road engineer- reporting to a specialist from dedicated engineer RMF at RMF One full time environmental Estimated monitoring costs: monitoring engineer/specialist Table 3. Summary of ESMP during backlog works and repairs phase. Executive Summary 10 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility stCoC No. Monitoring Implementation Waste Proper solid waste disposal or Maintaining a record of generation, liquid waste recycling at type, quantity, and 200 USD storage and designated permitted sites disposal location of solid Input of full time 1 disposal Plan for solid and liquid waste and liquid waste Contractor environmental management generation monitoring Periodic inspection of specialist equipment maintenance Landslides, soil Provision of open area ~1m Site inspection and erosion, and wide stripe, behind cut side photographic Part of the Visual intrusion channels, to temporarily documentation of contract. accommodate fallen debris excavation and Consultants will Increase the mass thickness of maintenance activities issue work the rock fill to provide Photographic Supervision orders to be additional resistance to documentation of planting 2 Consultants and financed by the instability and re-vegetation activities Contractors works contract. Build retaining walls and Input of full time gabions environmental Provision of adequate drainage monitoring systems specialist Planting trees and restoration of vegetation in sensitive zones Deterioration of Usage of well-maintained Visual observation and air quality equipment photographic Water spraying during dry documentation of periods and strong winds for equipment induced 500 USD dust control emissions and dust clouds Supervision Input of full time 3 Cleaning of vehicle tires. during excavation Consultants and environmental Covering trucks carrying loose activities Contractors monitoring construction materials and fill to Measurement of dust, NOx specialist avoid dust generation and SO2 concentration in the air (special attention: the Shares Market) Traffic Informing the public about Site supervision-inspection disruption schedule of repairs/maintenance and photographic Included in the works documentation contractor’s fees. Provision of temporary Supervision Input of full time 4 alternative access roads/by- Consultants and environmental passes Contractors monitoring Installation of traffic signs specialist Speed bumps near schools and entrances to villages Increase of Usage of quiet/well-maintained Site supervision/inspection noise levels equipment and documentation to Limiting noisy activities to ensure the implementation normal daylight hours of mitigation measures Included in the Inform the public about the Random noise monitoring contractor’s fees. Supervision location and timing of noisy (focus: the Shares market Input of full time 5 Consultants and activities area) environmental Contractors Minimizing noisy operations in monitoring the Shares market area specialist Use of safety instructions and personal protective equipment by workers Executive Summary 11 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Amran-Hajah Road Project Road Assets Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Damage to Fixing the damaged riprap after Close supervision and water supply, compacting the top soil along documentation of pipe re- runoff and the eroded side ditches location activities drainage system Coordination with land owners Observing nearby springs on scheduling maintenance for potential siltation activities following a rainfall event Keeping the drainage ditches Site inspection and 3,000 USD and culverts unblocked by photographic Supervision Input of full time 6 periodic cleaning documentation of water Consultants and environmental Proper side sloping the road to harvesting activities and Contractors monitoring prevent the accumulation of re-vegetation activities specialist water on the road surface Checking on culverts Storage of liquid materials particularly following (especially hydrocarbons) in rainfall events sealed containers far away from the water sources in authorized dumpsites Impact on Planting trees at critical Site inspection and 500 USD fauna and flora locations and known animal photographic Supervision Input of full time crossing pathways documentation of 7 Consultants and environmental Periodic cleaning and excavation and re-planting Contractors monitoring maintenance of culverts to activities specialist facilitate amphibians crossing Health & Provision and use of personal Inspection/supervision and Safety protective equipment to workers photographic Included in the contractor’s fees. Installing construction and documentation Contractor and Input of full time 8 warning signs Maintaining a record of Supervision injuries and accidents environmental Consultants specifying cause and monitoring location specialist Socio- Informing the public and Site inspection and economics coordinating with them on the documentation of 500 USD schedule of maintenance community activities along Contractor and Input of full time 9 activities road and documented. Supervision environmental Provision of alternative access Consultants monitoring roads/ by-passes specialist Traffic management 4,700 USD plus one full time c dmtamttsEtso environmental monitoring specialist, vehicle and camera Executive Summary 12