102646 Bringing Bringing resilience resilience scale to to scale The Philippines: Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). Photo credit: © Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Members AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA DENMARK DJIBOUTI GERMANY INDIA ITALY JAPAN LUXEMBOURG NORWAY SPAIN THE NETHERLANDS SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TOGO UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES EUROPEAN UNION AFRICA, CARIBBEAN & UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR PACIFIC (ACP) SECRETARIAT DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Observers BANGLADESH BRAZIL CANADA CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA EGYPT FINLAND FRANCE HAITI INDONESIA IRELAND KOREA, REPUBLIC OF MALAYSIA © 2015 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20433, U.S.A. MALAWI MEXICO MOROCCO NEW ZEALAND NIGERIA PHILIPPINES SAUDI ARABIA The text in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit uses, without special permission, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The GFDRR Secretariat would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this report as a source. Copies may be sent to the GFDRR Secretariat at SENEGAL SOLOMON ISLANDS SOUTH AFRICA TURKEY VIETNAM the above address. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purpose without prior written consent of the UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT GFDRR Secretariat. All images remain the sole property of the source and may not be used for any purpose without IFRC PROGRAMME ISLAMIC written permission from the source. DEVELOPMENT BANK Notes: Fiscal year (FY) runs from July 1 to June 30; the financial contributions and expenditures reported are reflected up to June 30, 2014; all dollar amounts are in US dollars ($) unless otherwise indicated. Project team: James Newman, Megan Cossey, Luis Tineo, Shaela Rahman, Jon Walton, Christina Irene, Tafadzwa Dube, and Kim Van Nguyen, with contributions from numerous GFDRR and World Bank disaster risk management staff. Design: Miki Fernández/ULTRAdesigns, Inc. Thematic Programs 54 Foreword 6 Innovation Lab 56 Executive Summary 8 Resilient Cities 57 Safer Schools 58 Portfolio Overview 10 Hydromet 59 Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance 60 Pillar 1—Risk Identification 16 Inclusive Community Resilience 61 Providing High-Quality Information for Better Decision Making 19 Collecting and Sharing Risk Information through Innovative Practices Challenges and Opportunities 62 and Partnerships 20 Sub-Saharan Africa 64 Focus on Africa 21 East Asia and Pacific 65 Pillar 2—Risk Reduction 23 Europe and Central Asia 66 Contents Improving Public Policy to Manage and Reduce Risk 25 Latin America and the Caribbean 67 Guiding Investments to Build Resilience 26 Middle East and North Africa 68 Focus on East Asia and Pacific 28 South Asia 69 Focus on Eastern Europe and Central Asia 29 Outreach and Partnerships 70 Pillar 3—Preparedness 30 United Nations 72 Forecasting Natural Hazards to Prevent Loss and Prepare for Disasters 33 World Bank 73 Planning and Preparing for Disaster Response 34 Japan 73 Focus on Latin America and the Caribbean 36 European Union 74 Technical Experts, Academia, and Think Tanks 75 Pillar 4—Financial Protection 38 Private Sector 75 Supporting Governments to Plan for the Financial Impact of Disasters 41 Civil Society Organizations and Citizen Engagement 76 Scaling Insurance to Protect Government Budgets, Farmers, and Private Actors 42 Media and Outreach 76 Focus on South Asia 43 Focus on the ACP-EU NDRR Program 77 Pillar 5—Resilient Recovery 44 Preparing Post-Disaster Assessments 47 International Events 78 Working with Countries to Prepare for Recovery 48 Supporting Recovery Work in Fragile and Conflict Situations 49 Annexes GFDRR-Supported Post-Disaster Needs Assessments in FY14 50 Annex 1: Results Report 84 Focus on Middle East and North Africa 52 Annex 2: Financial Report 88 6 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 7 In Mozambique, 10-year-old Armando Cau Júnior is pursuing his dream of emergency procedures is changing the way that country deals with drought and floods. becoming a journalist within the walls of his newly-built school, engineered A flash flood in March 2013 resulted in 13 casualties—far fewer than the 230 caused by a comparable flood in 2004. In the Caribbean, GFDRR leveraged $24 million in World Bank to withstand the intense cyclones that frequently make landfall in the region. funding to support the expansion of the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility, a Armando’s school, along with nearly 1,000 other schools, was built following multi-country risk pool, to Central American countries. a risk assessment across seven provinces of Mozambique supported by the To scale up disaster risk management efforts at the global level, GFDRR continued Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). For Armando to build and consolidate partnerships with donors, development partners, national and and thousands of other children this means safety, uninterrupted studies, and local governments, businesses, and civil society. Through such collaborations GFDRR has brought together people from across the globe to address disaster risk and recovery—like a chance at a better life. in the Philippines where, following Typhoon Haiyan, the GFDRR Innovation Labs helped mobilize 1,700 volunteers from 82 countries in one of the largest participatory mapping Foreword efforts to date. The past year saw the establishment of the Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub under the Japan-World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries, a project that is funded by the government of Japan. GFDRR also continued to Over the past year, GFDRR has been working to build resilience in vulnerable strengthen long-standing partnerships, such as with the European Commission under the communities around the globe. With its activities increasingly geared to leverage large African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP)–European Union (EU) Natural Disaster Risk Reduction investments in disaster and climate resilience, in fiscal year 2014 (FY14) GFDRR helped Program. In addition, through international events like the Understanding Risk Forum and developing countries secure nearly $1.5 billion in financing from the World Bank Group the Resilience Dialogue series, GFDRR continued to provide a space for collaboration across and other partners. While many vulnerable countries have made progress to better identify a diverse set of actors—from disaster risk management experts to leaders from academia, and manage risks, we have also seen the devastation wrought by events like Typhoon government, and the private and nonprofit sectors. Haiyan in the Philippines and floods in Niger. We know that we must act urgently to scale up innovative and sustainable solutions to build resilience. Looking ahead, GFDRR is helping shape the upcoming Sustainable Development Goals and the successor to the Hyogo Framework for Action on disaster resilience, or HFA2, to This Annual Report highlights the results of GFDRR’s grants, technical assistance, and ensure that resilience is fully integrated in the frameworks that will shape development knowledge sharing activities in FY14. Through its targeted interventions, GFDRR strived to for years to come. GFDRR will continue to work closely with its partners to ensure that maximize impact and enable countries to design and undertake comprehensive approaches new and ongoing disaster risk management initiatives receive the attention they need to that integrate disaster risk management into development policies and planning. In have a significant and lasting impact on the communities most at risk. The challenges are Vietnam, for example, GFDRR provided $4 million in seed funding, which in turn leveraged stark, but by sustaining the growing global commitment to disaster resilience, we have the over $800 million in government-funded projects to address disaster and climate risk. potential to make real, sustainable change in the lives and futures of the world’s poorest After the GFDRR initiative trained officials from 12 provinces in flood preparedness, the and most vulnerable. government decided to scale up the program nationally and invested $450 million to cover 6,000 communes comprising 21 million people. Rachel Kyte Kåre Stormark GFDRR reached over 65 countries in FY14 with support ranging from initiatives Chair, GFDRR Consultative Group Co-chair, GFDRR Consultative Group that identify sources of risk, reduce exposure and vulnerability, increase preparedness, World Bank Group Vice President and Deputy Director General and improve financial protection, to initiatives that help countries recover faster in Special Envoy for Climate Change UN and Humanitarian Affairs Department the aftermath of disasters. In Djibouti, a new system to communicate disaster risk and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway 8 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 9 In fiscal year 2013-14 (FY14), the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and On-the-ground experience remains GFDRR’s main contribution towards enhancing Recovery (GFDRR) continued to scale up support to disaster-prone countries. global knowledge and moving the international agenda of disaster risk management forward. Critical to this effort is GFDRR’s partnership with the United Nations Office for This effort helped over 65 countries integrate disaster risk management into Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) and the United Nations Development Programme development policy and investment. (UNDP). This partnership, in particular, has facilitated consensus building among countries GFDRR grew significantly in FY14 as a result of the expansion of the financial support for the development of the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction—also known provided by its donors. In FY14, GFDRR received $95 million from its 21 contributing as the second Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA2)—to be agreed upon at the Third UN members, double the amount received in FY13. Japan, the European Union (EU), and the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in March 2015. United Kingdom were the largest contributors. GFDRR also deepened engagement with The GFDRR Annual Report 2014: Bringing Resilience to Scale covers the period from July developing countries—such as Mexico, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia—that are on track to 2013 to June 2014. It highlights progress and results achieved against GFDRR’s work plan, become GFDRR members. and is organized according to its Five Pillars of Action: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, Executive Summary Preparedness, Financial Protection, and Resilient Recovery. The report also captures a snapshot of the organization’s most successful disaster risk management initiatives, and showcases the role partnerships play in making GFDRR’s work possible at the local, national, and global levels. During the course of the year, GFDRR issued 85 new grants worth $60 million—31 percent more than in FY13. The portfolio of projects under implementation consisted of 232 grants worth approximately $168 million, with Sub-Saharan Africa as the largest recipient. This portfolio remains focused on 20 priority countries, representing 71 percent of grants. With global losses from disasters averaging nearly $200 billion per year, countries need quick and scalable solutions. Unforeseen crises in Iraq, Syria, and Ukraine, in Gaza, and in Western African countries as a result of the Ebola outbreak, however, have brought severe fiscal pressures on the humanitarian and development aid budgets of GFDRR donor partners. Acknowledging these competing priorities, GFDRR continues to be selective in supporting country initiatives that justify its mission and maximize its resources. This approach has steadily made GFDRR the partner of choice for developing countries seeking to mobilize knowledge, capacity, and innovation in disaster risk management. In delivering on its mission, GFDRR collaborates with numerous partners. In FY14, GFDRR strengthened its engagement with over 300 government entities, international organizations, civil society and communities, and the private sector. Due to these partnerships, GFDRR grants and technical assistance helped developing countries secure $1.5 billion in World Bank investment programs, up 50 percent from FY13. GFDRR’s support and advocacy also contributed to an increase in World Bank financing for disaster risk management, which totaled $5.3 billion in FY14—40 percent higher than in FY13. Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 11 In FY14 GFDRR’s grant portfolio consisted of 232 grants worth almost $168 million, including 85 newly-approved grants worth $60 million—31 percent higher than in FY13. Portfolio Overview GFDRR’s New Grants (FY14) # of grants $ committed Sub-Saharan Africa 58 $61,963,421 East Asia and Pacific 45 $34,456,247 Latin America and the Caribbean 35 $16,265,295 South Asia 27 $13,305,166 Europe and Central Asia 16 $5,385,777 The Philippines Middle East and North Africa 7 $4,772,133 Residents of Tacloban City rebuild their homes following the destruction Global 44 $31,597,697 wrought by Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in November 2013. Photo credit: Richard Reyes Total 232 $167,745,736 / 13 GFDRR grants delivered Pillar 1–Risk Identification Responding to demand Innovation Lab results along its 37 countries improved the identification and understanding of risks through hazard for more intense technical Provides capacity building, tools, and technical assistance to support the use of 5 Pillars mapping, risk assessments, and data platforms. assistance in particular areas, GFDRR maintains science, technology, open data, and innovation to empower decision makers to of Action. ➠ See page 17. thematic programs increase resilience. supported by Pillar 2–Risk Reduction specialized Safer Schools 30 countries developed and implemented policies and legal frameworks, improved Provides technical support to make school facilities, and the communities they serve, building codes, strategies for risk reduction investment, and land use planning to teams that provide more resilient to natural hazards. avoid new risks and reduce existing risks. expert support and advanced knowledge. ➠ See page 23. Resilient Cities ➠ See page 55. Provides technical assistance to develop common definitions and metrics of urban Pillar 3–Preparedness shocks and stresses, clarify GFDRR’s menu of services available to cities, and 28 countries improved management of disasters through better forecasting catalyze cities’ access to finance for resilience-enhancing investment. services, early warning systems, contingency planning, and emergency preparedness. ➠ See page 31. Hydromet Provides analytical and operational support, capacity building, and technical assistance to modernize weather and climate information systems. Pillar 4–Financial Protection 12 countries increased the financial resilience of government and the private sector through sovereign disaster risk financing and catastrophe risk market development. Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance The Philippines ➠ See page 39. Provides financial instruments and advisory services to increase the financial resilience of governments, businesses, and households to the economic burden of disasters. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever Pillar 5–Resilient Recovery recorded, devastating portions 21 countries strengthened their readiness for quicker, more resilient recovery from Inclusive Community Resilience of Southeast Asia in early disasters through post-disaster assessments and planning. Provides technical support and convening power to engage community leaders, civil November 2013. Photo credit: NASA ➠ See page 45. society, and women in disaster risk management initiatives. 14 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) / 15 The Philippines Coastal communities were hit hardest by intense storm surges and heavy flooding from Typhoon Haiyan. Photo credit: Herman Lumanog | Dreamstime.com Overview of the FY14 portfolio by pillar of action, region, and types of engagement. Grants by Pillar of Action Grant Financing by Region Types of Engagement Identification 72 Reduction 110 Risk Global Sub-Saharan Africa 87 Risk 19% 37% Middle East and North Africa 41 3% 18 Preparedness Europe and Central Asia 86 3% 10 Recovery South Asia Resilient Protection 8 % Financial 44 Latin America and Caribbean 22 10% East Asia and Pacific 32 20% 51 30% 29% 17% 11% 13% 9 33 232 grants $ 168 million 615 engagements / 17 Pillar 1 37 countries improved the identification and understanding of risks through hazard mapping, risk assessments, and data platforms. Risk Iden tification Improve access to information about disaster and climate risks, and enhance capacity to create, manage, and use this information. Understanding hazards, exposure, and vulnerability is the first step towards managing disaster risk. GFDRR helps decision makers access innovative practices and partnerships to enable easier and better collection and sharing of risk information. In FY14, GFDRR supported 37 countries in this area. For example, GFDRR worked with The Philippines 19 countries, including Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal, and Vietnam to produce hazard information. Twenty-one Disaster risk mapping by government officials, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), academics, and community members helps identify countries, including Bangladesh, Djibouti, and Timor-Leste, conducted risk assessments, and 21, such as Ethiopia, hazards in the Cagayan de Oro City region, better enabling resilience building. Photo credit: Horacio Marco C. Mordeno/MindaNews Indonesia, and Sri Lanka, implemented or improved their data sharing and communication platforms. 18 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 19 Pillar 1 Providing High-Quality Information for Better Decision Making Decision makers need data that are reliable and suited to their contexts, so that they can understand how and where disasters may affect their communities. The southwestern Nigerian state of Oyo now has an urban flooding risk map for Ibadan, Nigeria: Oyo State its capital city of 3 million people. A GFDRR-supported risk assessment identified zones accessed $200 Risk Identification that were most at risk for flooding. It also gave the government and donors a blueprint for million to rebuild Countries by types of engagement during FY14 where and how to rebuild infrastructure destroyed by flooding in 2011 when the Eleyele infrastructure. Dam burst, killing more than 120 people, many of them children. In June 2014, Nigeria Hazard mapping Risk assessments Data platforms was able to access $200 million from the World Bank for the Oyo State to improve its Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh disaster risk management capabilities, strengthen community-based resilience capacity, Belize Bhutan Belize and provide support for risk assessment and early warning systems in Ibadan. Burundi Djibouti Bolivia Colombia Ethiopia Colombia Another important initiative was the joint support that GFDRR and the World Bank Peru: Now has a Comoros Fiji Comoros provided to the government of Peru to apply risk-related data for more informed decision baseline for the Ecuador Gambia, The Dominica making. This resulted in the Ministry of Education’s accelerated capacity to conduct and development of a Fiji Indonesia Dominican Republic analyze the results of the first national School Infrastructure Census, which took stock of structural retrofitting Gambia, The Lao PDR Ethiopia 50,000 public school buildings nationwide. This assessment supported the identification program in 50,000 Liberia Liberia Guatemala of current structural conditions and outlined necessary actions to mitigate natural hazards. public school Malawi Malawi Haiti The census has set the baseline for the development of a structural retrofitting program that buildings nationwide. Mozambique Mali India has been integrated into Peru’s national school infrastructure plan. Nepal Nepal Indonesia Peru Nigeria Kyrgyz Republic In November of 2013, Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and was the strongest Philippines Pakistan Lesotho cyclone to make landfall in recorded history. With critical infrastructure, roads, and entire Rwanda Philippines Malawi neighborhoods swept away, there was an urgent need to collect data on the extent of Sri Lanka Rwanda Mozambique the damage to aid in recovery and reconstruction. GFDRR teamed up with the American Philippines: 1,700 Timor-Leste Solomon Islands Nepal Red Cross and the nonprofit mapping group Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) volunteers from 82 Togo Sri Lanka Pakistan Vietnam Tanzania Sri Lanka to mobilize approximately 1,700 volunteers from 82 countries for one of the largest countries mobilized Timor-Leste Timor-Leste participatory mapping efforts to date. Working together, the teams created a free and for one of the largest Vietnam Vietnam open data platform to gather and share information that has provided public officials with participatory mapping satellite imagery and other spatial data to inform ongoing reconstruction efforts. efforts to date. 20 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 21 Collecting and Sharing Risk Information through Focus on Africa Innovative Practices and Partnerships Protecting School Children Many governments, partners, and organizations collect a wealth of risk data. from Disaster in Mozambique However, policy guidelines and appropriate tools to manage and share this data may Armando Cau Júnior, a 10-year- often be lacking. Applying and managing new technology so that risk information can old student at the “October 7” be collected and shared easily has been a key GFDRR priority in FY14. primary school in the coastal city of Xai-Xai, Mozambique, dreams of one Kyrgyz Republic: In the Kyrgyz Republic, for example, GFDRR worked with the Ministry of Emergency day becoming a journalist. Like many Its government now Situations to create the country’s disaster risk data platform. The platform provides easy children in Mozambique, however, has a disaster risk access to available risk data from various agencies and organizations to support efficient Armando’s school is located in a flood data platform and effective decision making. This approach is now a best practice being replicated across zone and thus vulnerable to heavy to support efficient many other countries in Central Asia. seasonal rains and cyclones. In fact, and effective In April 2014, GFDRR, the Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction, and the in 2002 the original school building decision making. government of Indonesia partnered in launching an enhanced version of InaSAFE (inasafe. was completely destroyed by a org), an award-winning open-source software program that produces risk analyses for all cyclone, and even after being rebuilt types of natural hazards, and which integrates geospatial data to allow for more customized suffered frequent damage from high “I am very happy with my new school because it is safe and for sure will risk reporting. InaSAFE is currently being used by local governments in Indonesia and the water and strong winds. not fall and hurt the students as happened during the 2002 cyclone,” says Philippines to create contingency plans. The governments of Haiti, Malawi, and Sri Lanka Sixty percent of schools in the Armando. have also been recently trained on the software. country are located in areas that can be exposed to one or more natural Planning at Eduardo Mondlane foundations and stronger, wind- disasters. Up to 1,000 classrooms— University in Maputo, have been proof roofs. The team also developed typically used for 80 students or developing school safety guidelines a national plan for updating the more—are damaged each year due to that are being put into place in country’s building codes and access cyclones and floods, usually because classrooms across the country. to risk information. of poor design, the use of subpar An important part of this work is The World Bank, along with construction materials, and ad hoc, educating the government about the other donors, will finance the unregulated building practices. disaster risk management procedures annual construction of 800 primary Mozambique’s children often find needed to revamp these schools education classrooms and 150 rural their schooling interrupted, with for the long term. With the effects schools sometimes closed for months secondary classrooms over the next of climate change aggravating the due to the damage. few years, built according to the already large economic and social new national safe school guidelines. Today, however, Armando is costs of climate-related hazards like The government’s overall goal is to attending classes in a new school cyclones, flooding, and windstorms, construct 30,000 more classrooms built to withstand the intense winds the government is keen to put these of cyclones and located far away that are compliant with the disaster procedures permanently into place. from the flood zone. GFDRR and the resilient guidelines. In FY14, GFDRR worked with World Bank have been supporting As a result of these efforts, the government, the European Union the construction of stronger schools, Mozambique’s Ministry of Education Sri Lanka (EU), and the multi-donor Education including Armando’s, through has made significant strides in Specialists receive training on Sector Support Fund to complete a the award-winning InaSAFE GFDRR’s Safer Schools Program. reducing the risk of damage to a risk assessment of 637 classrooms in platform, which provides critical risk information to decision Since July 2012, the World Bank, 7 provinces. The team then produced school’s infrastructure, protecting makers in a growing number with financial support from GFDRR, a catalog of hazard-resistant school the children inside, and ensuring of countries. Photo credit: The World Bank and along with UN-Habitat and the construction options tailor-made for education facilities remain open and Faculty of Architecture and Physical Mozambique, such as raised cement operational when disaster strikes. 22 / Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 23 Pillar 2 30 countries developed and implemented risk-reducing policies, legal frameworks, building codes, and strategies for investment and land use planning to avoid creating new risks and reduce existing ones. Risk Reduction Risk Identification Protect people through improved planning and building practices, and increase investments in reducing vulnerability. Technical advice and financing to GFDRR-supported countries continued to focus on developing and institutionalizing policies that lead to risk reduction. In FY14, GFDRR provided advisory services to make disaster risk reduction a central part of national and subnational governmental efforts in 30 countries. These Sri Lanka results strengthened, for example, community building codes and enforcement, land use planning, and the Improvements in building practices are essential for risk reduction, particularly in areas prone to seismic risk or extreme weather. Here, implementation of investments in resilient infrastructure. reinforced concrete will make this structure much more resistant to typhoons and high winds. Photo credit: Thinkstock.com 24 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 25 Pillar 2 Improving Public Policy to Manage and Reduce Risk GFDRR, together with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the United Mongolia: GFDRR, Nations Development Programme (UNDP), worked with Mongolia’s National Emergency JICA, and UNDP Management Agency to thoroughly review the country’s legal and institutional framework worked with the for disaster risk management. Using advice from the review, the government is currently National Emergency drafting a major revision to its 2003 Disaster Protection Law to include risk reduction and Management Risk Reduction preparation measures. The law will be submitted to Parliament in FY15. Agency to review Countries by types of engagement during FY14 In FY14, GFDRR also helped the government of Turkey develop a National Disaster the country’s legal Risk Management Program. Following the devastating 1999 Marmara Earthquake, Turkey and institutional Policies and legal Building codes Strategies for risk Land use planning framework for frameworks reduction investment has made significant progress in pushing forward its disaster risk management agenda. Bangladesh Bangladesh In March 2014, GFDRR brought together four ministries and experts from Turkey’s Middle disaster risk Bangladesh Guatemala Armenia Colombia management (DRM). Belize Haiti Bangladesh Guatemala East Technical University to finalize a national disaster risk management strategy. This Bhutan India Belize Indonesia group identified the links between disasters and development outcomes, necessary policy Bolivia Lao PDR Bolivia Malawi changes for improved disaster risk management, and the strengths and weaknesses of Colombia Malawi Colombia Mozambique Turkey’s current system. As a result of this work, Turkey secured a GFDRR grant of $1.5 Turkey: Secured Dominican Republic Mozambique Ethiopia million to continue improving its public policy and institutional arrangements. GFDRR support to Ethiopia Philippines Guyana continue improving Guatemala Sri Lanka Haiti its public policy Haiti Turkey India and institutional Indonesia Vietnam Indonesia Kiribati Kiribati arrangements. Liberia Malawi Malawi Mozambique Mali Panama Mozambique Philippines Panama St. Vincent and the Senegal Grenadines Seychelles Tanzania Turkey Timor-Leste Vietnam Togo Turkey Vanuatu 26 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 27 Pillar 2 Guiding Investments to Build Resilience GFDRR supported the development of a cost-benefit analysis and seismic-proofing guidelines for retrofitting schools in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The analysis showed that a small investment could save a large number of lives in the case of an earthquake. For example, by strengthening the most vulnerable 5 percent of school buildings, the country could potentially save 6,000 lives; doing the same to 40 percent of these buildings could potentially save 19,000 lives. As a result of this work, the government of the Philippines introduced and committed to fund new regulations for building safe schools. In Bangladesh, polders—low-lying tracts of land enclosed by dikes and filled with fresh water to keep salt water at bay—are half a century old and were not built to withstand more extreme storm surges. In FY14, a GFDRR grant supported the government of Bangladesh to change its national policy and make an investment decision to upgrade the country’s 139 polders; this led to the World Bank’s $400 million Bangladesh Coastal Embankment Improvement Project. Benefitting from analytical and financial support from GFDRR, Sri Lanka secured a $110 million World Bank Climate Resilience Improvement Project in April 2014. This will help to reduce the country’s vulnerability to climate risk by investing in flood mitigation efforts and the protection of transport and schools, and ultimately improve the government’s capacity to respond effectively to disasters. Istanbul, Turkey More than 1,000 public buildings have been retrofitted or reconstructed to improve earthquake resilience throughout Istanbul as part of a GFDRR-supported seismic risk project. Photo credit: Simone D. McCourtie The Philippines: By strengthening 40 percent of school buildings, the country could potentially save 19,000 lives. 28 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 29 Focus on East Asia and Pacific Focus on Eastern Europe and Central Asia Pillar 2 Investing in Climate Change Preparing Schools for earthquake would destroy most of its GFDRR organized a workshop in Vietnam Earthquakes in Armenia buildings and potentially kill some to present its methodology to 300,000 people. representatives from government, Across Vietnam, like much of the Twenty-five years ago, Armenia In FY14, GFDRR’s work in NGOs, and civil society groups. It is developing world, rapid urbanization suffered one of the most destructive Armenia produced a vulnerability also working closely with the United is increasing the exposure and earthquakes of the 20th century. It devastated the northern city of assessment and proposed structural Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), vulnerability of people and critical public assets like roads, hospitals, Spitak and surrounding regions, improvements for seismic-proofing which is using the same methodology and schools. While such a trend leaving an estimated 530,000 five high schools, each with to assess other schools in the country. is alarming, it also provides an homeless, injuring 19,000 people, 2,000 students and teachers. The Finally, GFDRR’s work is informing a opportunity for the government to and killing approximately 25,000, assessments continue, and the $30 million World Bank investment including 6,000 children. While project will have surveyed all 20 for improving education standards integrate disaster resilience principles the damage done to the economy schools by the end of FY15. that includes plans to improve the into urban planning. Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City. Photo credit: lichtbildfotograf/Thinkstock.com and infrastructure was immense, Along with delivering the physical conditions of Armenia’s In the past four years, through a the collapse of 917 schools and the assessment and recommendations, secondary schools. series of grants totaling $4.4 million, high death toll was a tragedy of GFDRR has assisted Vietnam to to ensure regular maintenance in the United States. devastating proportions. make disaster and climate change future. A World Bank and GFDRR resilience efforts a central part of Today, GFDRR is supporting the In FY14, the government of initiative also trained communities in the government’s policies and public government of Armenia’s efforts to Vietnam established a new disaster 12 provinces on flood preparedness investments. The GFDRR seed funding earthquake-proof 20 of the country’s risk management law based, in part, resulted in the World Bank approving and resilient development measures oldest secondary schools in all 10 on GFDRR analytical work in making $808 million worth of large-scale in FY14. The success of this initiative of its provinces and in its capital resilience measures—especially lending projects to assist the country inspired the government to scale city. GFDRR began working in the building of disaster resilient with disaster risk management and up a program on a national level Armenia in 2009 when it financed public infrastructure—a central part climate change adaptation. by investing $450 million to cover a comprehensive study of existing of planning across sectors. GFDRR disaster risks and institutional For example, with GFDRR’s support also resulted in monitoring 6,000 communes, or approximately arrangements, recommending the advisory support and a World Bank and evaluation systems for the new 21 million people. Other GFDRR development of a national disaster risk operation investment, Vietnam built law’s implementation, and guidance projects have stimulated additional reduction and preparedness agenda nearly 500 kilometers of new rural on how to integrate disaster and investments, such as the ongoing that the government then adopted. roads using climate-resilient designs climate change considerations into $150 million World Bank-supported that include flood-proof pavement, larger investment projects. GFDRR and With 80 percent of Armenia’s Vietnam Managing Natural Hazards drainage systems, and slope the government worked with a host of population living in danger of Project. Other climate change catastrophic events, including protection measures in mountainous national and international partners, investments in Vietnam include a earthquakes and floods, the need areas. Another 5,000 kilometers of such as the Asian Development Bank, GFDRR-funded flood risk assessment for safer schools is urgent. A existing rural roads were similarly UN agencies, Care International, Action Aid, Save the Children, and in Ho Chi Minh City to protect 7 recent analysis of building stock in retrofitted. The project involved more donor countries including Australia, million people and to inform a Armenia’s capital city of Yerevan than 15,000 people from neighboring Armenia GFDRR’s Safer Schools Program improves the safety of thousands of students by reducing seismic risk. $500 million World Bank flood risk showed that a 7.0 magnitude Photo credit: Asian Development Bank villages to plan and monitor the road France, Germany, Japan, Norway, construction and rehabilitation, and Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the management project. The government accessed A GFDRR initiative GFDRR funded a flood risk GFDRR is supporting the With 80 percent of the A 7.0 magnitude earthquake $808 million worth of trained communities assessment in Ho Chi Minh government of Armenia to population living in danger of would destroy most of large-scale lending projects to in 12 provinces on flood City to protect 7 million earthquake-proof 20 catastrophic events, the need Armenia’s buildings and assist Vietnam with disaster preparedness. people. of the country’s oldest for safer schools is urgent. potentially kill some risk management and climate secondary schools. 300,000 people. change adaptation. Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 31 Pillar 3 28 countries improved management of disasters through forecasting services, early warning systems, contingency planning, and emergency preparedness. Prep aredness Risk Reduction Better protect people through more accurate and timely early warning, and through civil protection agencies capable of mobilizing a quick response in the event of a disaster. GFDRR supports the modernization and strengthening of national weather, climate, and hydrological services, as well as early warning systems and other efforts for disaster preparedness leading to significant investment and reform. In FY14, GFDRR delivered results in 28 countries under this pillar. Bangladesh Early warning systems—an essential component of reducing losses in lives and livelihoods in rural areas—being tested outside Dhaka by volunteer community members. Photo credit: Amir Jina 32 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 33 Pillar 3 Forecasting Natural Hazards to Prevent Loss and Prepare for Disasters Northern Ghana regularly faces flooding, including a series of extreme flood events from 2007 to 2010. In response, a GFDRR-supported project established a modern flood forecasting system for the White Volta River. It also provided hands-on training for emergency practitioners on the system’s use, as well as planning guidance for policy makers. The early warning system went live in FY14 and now forecasts water levels ahead Preparedness of time for a stretch of river more than 800 kilometers long. Countries by types of engagement during FY14 GFDRR also supported the modernization of 40 automated hydrometeorological Forecasting Early warning Contingency planning monitoring stations across Albania. As a result, real-time data now flows directly to the services systems and emergency country’s Institute for Geosciences, Environment, Water, and Energy. Six of these newly Albania Bolivia preparedness updated stations report directly via satellite into the World Meteorological Organization’s Bhutan Colombia Bangladesh (WMO) Global Telecommunication System, allowing for Albanian weather observations Djibouti Djibouti Bolivia to be assimilated into global forecasting models and improving forecasting for both the Djibouti country and the region. India Ethiopia Lao PDR Gambia, The Dominica In Moldova, GFDRR supported the installation of Doppler weather radar and four new Lesotho Ghana Ecuador meteorological stations. Together, they are pivotal to improving severe weather forecasting Malawi India Ethiopia and Moldova’s ability to collect raw hydrometeorological data, enhancing Moldova’s Moldova Kyrgyz Republic Haiti capacity to prepare for and respond to natural disasters. St. Lucia Lesotho India Senegal Liberia Indonesia Togo Malawi Liberia Vanuatu Mozambique Mali Albania: GFDRR Vietnam Senegal Vietnam supported the Togo modernization of 40 automated hydrometeorological monitoring stations and strengthened services. 34 / Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 35 Planning and Preparing Pillar 3 for Disaster Response In October 2013, Cyclone Phailin, a Catego- ry 4 cyclone, struck the coast of Odisha, India, resulting in 47 deaths and damage to 90,000 homes in 18,300 villages. Yet the damage was only a fraction of that caused by the 1999 land- fall of the Paradip cyclone, a storm of similar proportions that killed over 10,000 people and destroyed a substantial proportion of the state’s housing and public infrastructure. A decade and a half of sustained disaster preparedness work by the government, civil society, and international organizations, including GFDRR, helped India avoid mass casualties and widespread destruction for this event. Over a million people were evacuated to cyclone shelters, safe houses, and locations inland in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Beginning in 2011, GFDRR grant support and technical assistance to India’s National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project has enabled the central and state governments to modernize early warning systems, design and build cyclone shelters, and create 200 kilometers of saline embankments, which protect farms and communities from being inundated with seawater. Bangladesh’s capital city of Dhaka is a densely populated megacity of 15.3 million people. Many high-rise apartments and office buildings are not built according to the coun- try’s building code, and an emergency system is needed for effective disaster response efforts. In FY14, a GFDRR grant enabled the Dhaka govern- ment to design a new emergency management system that will include an emergency command center to better prepare transportation, commu- nication, and rescue services for actual disas- ters. This led to a $175 million World Bank proj- ect to support the implementation of the system. India Passengers of a cycle ricksaw get caught up in a flash flood during the monsoon season in Varanasi. Photo credit: Danielrao/Thinkstock.com 36 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 37 Focus on Latin America and the Caribbean Pillar 3 Improving Evacuation the government identified 1,400 an emergency shelter from a basic, through Emergency buildings as evacuation centers in standalone building to being one part Preparedness in Haiti case of emergency, but 90 percent of a broader evacuation system that of these buildings are schools. Such incorporates geographic, cultural, and With 96 percent of its a plan would make it impossible for socioeconomic factors. To test the population exposed to the effects of students to continue their education validity of the new approach, GFDRR earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding, for up to months at a time in the is working with the government to and landslides, Haiti is more at risk event of a disaster. set up nine pilot sites where the to natural hazards than almost any government will build evacuation other country in the world. Of its 10 To address such specific, critical, parks in FY15 that include shelters million people, two-thirds live below concerns, GFDRR—with the support of and evacuation infrastructure, such the poverty line and are extremely the World Bank, Harvard University, as bridges and waste management vulnerable to the impact of disasters. the Massachusetts Institute of systems. This support from GFDRR These numbers underscore the dire Technology, and Leibniz University of is directly influencing a World need for comprehensive evacuation Hannover—conducted an extensive Bank International Development strategies that save lives and field study of evacuation systems in Association (IDA) investment of livelihoods and minimize disruption Haiti. The study carefully identified $60 million for a disaster risk to much-needed education and health national and local-level political and management and reconstruction services. economic considerations; issues of project. timing, such as the onset of the rainy Evacuation strategies, however, season, harvest time, and the school are a challenge in a country that calendar; physical vulnerabilities to lacks reliable infrastructure like the landscape, such as deforestation roads, bridges, and emergency and clogged drainage canals; and shelters. Previous attempts to existing emergency practices. improve Haiti’s evacuation systems failed to recognize the unique As a result of this study and its For more information, please visit the World geographic, socioeconomic, and recommendations, completed and Bank’s Insights in DRM: Issue #5, May 2014, From Mountains to Valleys: An Alternative Approach to financial challenges faced by the delivered in FY14, the government of Emergency Evacuation Strategies in Haiti country and its people. For example, Haiti is transforming its concept of www.worldbank.org/lcrdrm/insights Haiti Evacuation strategies for dense communities in Haiti are vital for safety during disasters. Photo credit: Dominic Chavez / World Bank Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 39 Pillar 4 12 countries increased financial resilience of governments and the private sector through sovereign disaster risk financing and catastrophe risk market development. Financial Protection Preparedness Improve financial resilience to the impact of natural disasters, with better post- disaster financial response capacity and stronger domestic catastrophe insurance markets. GFDRR works with countries and other partners to improve the financial resilience of government, business, farmers, and households to the effects of natural disaster and climate change. In particular, GFDRR seeks to give governments the financing and budgetary tools to plan for emergency and long-term recovery efforts and strengthen Bangladesh and expand domestic insurance markets. In FY14, GFDRR delivered projects in 12 countries under this pillar. Monsoon clouds rise near Dhaka. Extreme weather is the cause of over 75 percent of all disaster losses, and is a main focus for financial protection strategies, especially in areas prone to seasonal typhoons. Photo credit: NASA 40 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 41 Pillar 4 Supporting Governments to Plan for the Financial Impact of Disasters In FY14, GFDRR supported the government of Pakistan in carrying out a fiscal risk assessment. The government lacked information about the full financial cost of disasters to government budgets and the country’s overall gross domestic product (GDP). This assessment, delivered to the Ministry of Finance and the provincial governments of Punjab and Sindh, provided expected average annual losses and probable maximum losses under different disaster scenarios, underscoring the need to invest in risk reduction measures. GFDRR also provided needed technical assistance to the government of the Philippines Financial Protection to develop a disaster risk financing strategy and action plan. The action plan, which was Countries by types of engagement during FY14 adopted by the government, identified potential mechanisms for reducing financial risk at the sovereign and household levels. In Colombia, with GFDRR support, the government Sovereign disaster Catastrophe risk market is implementing international best practices through insuring $38 billion in new road risk financing1 development2 infrastructure built through public-private partnerships. Colombia Costa Rica GFDRR supported a damage and loss assessment in the Seychelles following Tropical Dominican Republic Guatemala Cyclone Felleng in January 2013, quantifying $8.4 million worth of damages to roads and Haiti Papua New Guinea infrastructure due to floods, mudslides, and falling rocks. The assessment also gave the Indonesia Seychelles the necessary information to begin formulating a risk financing framework. Lao PDR This enabled the Seychelles to become the first African country to access a Catastrophe Malawi Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat-DDO), an innovative World Bank financing instrument Pakistan that offers contingent lines of credit that can be drawn down if a country declares a state Panama of emergency after a natural disaster. Such financing helps governments respond faster Philippines following a disaster. Seychelles: GFDRR support helped it become the first African country to access a Cat-DDO. 1 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTDISASTER/Resources/SDRF_Concept_Final.pdf 2 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTDISASTER/Resources/PCRI_Concept_Final.pdf 42 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 43 Scaling Insurance to Protect Government Budgets, Focus on South Asia Pillar 4 Farmers, and the Private Sector Understanding Risk to Over the course of just three months ■■ houses data in a raw format In January 2014, Cyclone Ian hit the Pacific island country of Tonga, the strongest storm Improve Physical and Financial in 2013, GFDRR-trained government ready for downloading. ever recorded in its waters. Thousands were left homeless and roughly half of all buildings Protection in Sri Lanka authorities and graduate students on the worst hit islands were destroyed. The government was awarded $1.2 million by a new Based on the success of this mapped all 30,000 buildings in the insurance facility established with the support of GFDRR, the Asian Development Bank, and When the 2004 India Ocean initiative, the government of Sri city. The data are now freely available the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC), through the Pacific Catastrophe tsunami devastated Sri Lanka, killing Lanka has now started a national data at www.OpenStreetMap.org and in Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (pcrafi.sopac.org). This made Tonga the first of nearly 35,000 people and affecting infrastructure project to streamline the government geospatial data- six participating countries, including the Cook Islands, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, the over one million, the high vulnerability geospatial data sharing across all of its Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, to receive an insurance payout following a disaster. The sharing platform RiskInfo (www. of the island nation was clear. Yet ministries and agencies. Additionally, purchase of this disaster risk insurance coverage as a group has reduced premium costs by riskinfo.lk). GFDRR will extend this it is the growing effects of climate in FY14, Sri Lanka became the 50 percent, providing an incentive for each country to collaborate in a joint effort to reduce crowdsourcing and community first South Asian country to access change, including flooding and risk and help them prepare for national emergencies. mapping initiative to other major an innovative form of World Bank drought, which present the greatest urban centers in FY15, eventually financing that provides immediate The PCRAFI Initiative is built on the model of the seven-year-old Caribbean Catastro- threat to Sri Lanka’s development and covering all of the country’s most payouts after a major catastrophe such phe Risk Insurance Facility (www.ccrif.org), a multi-country risk pool that has made eight growth. Landslides and high winds vulnerable regions. as a tsunami, cyclone, or flood. This payouts totaling $32 million to support participating countries in managing budget volatili- also destroy or damage thousands of ty in the aftermath of hurricanes, earthquakes, and excess rains. In FY14, GFDRR supported homes each year. Flooding in 2010 The Open Data for Resilience $102 million operation investment actuarial analyses to assist the CCRIF’s 16 member countries in understanding the costs and 2011 alone caused $1 billion in Initiative also supported the Disaster comes with a Catastrophe Deferred and benefits of a proposal to include Central American countries in the program. This anal- total loss and damage. Management Center in establishing Drawdown Option (Cat-DDO). Using a ysis estimated the premium savings from the move and allowed Honduras and Nicaragua RiskInfo, a platform that: GFDRR assessment of recent natural GFDRR and the World Bank have to access $24 million in support from the World Bank. disasters and their financial impact been working with Sri Lanka to put gives access to key datasets ■■ on budgets and GDP, Sri Lanka’s GFDRR also promotes specific measures to help farmers, homeowners, small businesses, in place a national comprehensive for disaster risk management government recognized the value of and the most vulnerable households to access financial protection. For example, in FY14 disaster risk management such as hazard zones, build- this financial protection instrument GFDRR financed a comprehensive study of agricultural risk and local market conditions to program, with the goal of reducing ing stock, and infrastructure; and acted in order to gain access to it. support the development of a public-private agricultural insurance program in Kenya. The future effects of climate change. program will protect the livelihoods of more than 130,000 vulnerable farmers in selected Importantly, for the first time ■■ provides an interactive map regions, and includes a strategy for expanding the program nationally. GFDRR has influenced a World Bank visualization program that is project to simultaneously invest in easy to use; and account for both physical and financial risk reduction measures. In particular, the program is seeking to adapt the country’s infrastructure, budget, and economy to extreme climate shocks. GFDRR’s flagship Open Data for Resilience Initiative is developing risk exposure data that will be used to inform a $110 million World Bank project on improving climate The Caribbean: GFDRR is resilience as well as a more detailed helping 16 countries plan risk analysis for Sri Lanka. Batticaloa, for and manage post-disaster for example, is located on the eastern budget volatility. coast with a population of nearly Sri Lanka 100,000, and is highly vulnerable to Over the course of just three months in 2013, GFDRR-trained government authorities and graduate floods, tsunamis, and storm surges. students mapped all 30,000 buildings in the city of Batticaloa. Photo credit: OpenStreetMap Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 45 Pillar 5 21 countries strengthened their readiness for quicker, more resilient recovery from disasters through post-disaster assessments and planning. Resilient Financial Recovery Protection Improve the quality and timeliness of recovery and reconstruction. GFDRR supports government-led post-disaster assessments and recovery frameworks, promotes the exchange and sharing of knowledge, and offers technical assistance to help countries mainstream disaster risk management and recovery readiness into development policy. In FY14, GFDRR in collaboration with the EU and UNDP developed a Disaster Recovery Framework Guide3 to help countries prioritize and sequence recovery interventions, improving The Philippines their readiness for future disasters. Community members come together to rebuild homes in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). Recovery from disasters provides a GFDRR also provided financial and technical support for post-disaster assessments and recovery planning in 21 unique opportunity for communities to build back better, increasing resilience for any future events. countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, Guatemala, Indonesia, and Serbia. Photo credit: Danilo Victoriano 3 www.gfdrr.org/recoveryframework 46 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 47 Pillar 5 Preparing Post-Disaster Assessments GFDRR works to make disaster recovery more resilient, recognizing the important role that disasters play in catalyzing action for resilience. With the risk awareness of govern- ments and people at its highest in the aftermath of disaster, recovery and reconstruction Resilient Recovery planning presents an important opportunity to change practices that have led to underlying vulnerabilities. A primary step in this process is the preparation of post-disaster assess- Engagements during FY14 ments. In June 2013, unprecedented heavy rainfall in the State of Uttarakhand in northern Post-disaster assessments and planning India resulted in flash floods and landslides, killing 580 people and affecting 900,000. Bosnia and Herzegovina Nigeria GFDRR, partnering with the Asian Development Bank, helped the state government in con- Burundi Philippines ducting a post-disaster needs assessment that resulted in a detailed recovery framework Fiji St. Lucia to support recovery efforts. The framework included solutions for both emergency recovery needs and longer-term disaster risk reduction measures, leading to a $31 million World Guatemala St. Vincent and the Grenadines Bank project to rebuild disaster resilient housing and public infrastructure. Haiti India Serbia GFDRR also supported India’s Odisha State government in conducting a rapid post- Indonesia Seychelles disaster needs assessment following Cyclone Phailin. The assessment’s recommendations Kyrgyz Republic Solomon Islands for recovery measures in both the short and long term led to a $153 million World Bank Lao PDR Sudan project to rebuild 30,000 houses and restore public services and infrastructure, including Liberia Tonga schools and health centers. In all, 150,000 people will benefit directly from this project. West Bank and Gaza St. Vincent and Malawi On December 24, 2013, months after the end of the Caribbean’s hurricane season, the Grenadines: a violent storm hit the island country of St. Vincent and the Grenadines with torrential A GFDRR assessment rains causing flash floods and landslides that killed 9 people and affected 13,000 more. was completed within A GFDRR grant supported a rapid damage and loss assessment two weeks later, helping two weeks of the the government to identify losses of $108 million, or 15 percent of the country’s GDP. The disaster and helped assessment also showed which public and private infrastructure was hit worst, allowing identify $108 million the government to prioritize spending and reconstruction efforts, particularly to benefit in losses. the poorest areas of the country. The assessment also allowed the government to raise $19 million in aid from international donors to recover from the disaster. 48 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 49 Working with Countries to Prepare for Recovery West Bank and Gaza Pillar 5 The aftermath of Alexa, one of the strongest storms to occur in half Within days of Typhoon Haiyan’s landfall in September 2013, GFDRR and its partners a century. Photo credit: The World Bank began providing the government of the Philippines with policy and technical guidance for reconstruction efforts, based on international post-disaster experience. Five weeks later, the government had a comprehensive reconstruction plan to guide the recovery and reconstruction of the country’s economy, lives, and livelihoods. The World Bank provided the Philippines with a $500 million post-disaster reconstruction operation investment in November 2013, while the $479 million Philippines National Community Driven Development Program, launched in June 2014, has been expanded and redesigned to include post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation, covering 554 municipalities affected by the typhoon. In FY14, a GFDRR initiative in the Kyrgyz Republic developed a national action plan for improving post-disaster assessment and recovery planning, and created a guidance manual for government authorities. As a result, the National Technical and Scientific Council of the Kyrgyz Republic as well as the government’s agency overseeing disaster response and emergency preparedness endorsed the new methodology, and the Ministry of Emergency Situations provided training on its use to 280 government staff. The new methodology is now part of university curriculum for students studying emergency management at Kyrgyz Slavonic University. Supporting Recovery Work in Fragile and Conflict Situations GFDRR is experienced in supporting and conducting post-disaster assessments in fragile and conflict situations. Not only does this work assist governments and donors in planning recovery efforts, but it has led to an improved and refined methodology for conducting such assessments in difficult and extreme conditions. This includes using remote sensing and satellite imagery as potential sources of data when teams cannot be present on the ground. In FY14, GFDRR completed a rapid damage, loss, and needs assessment in the West Bank and Gaza in the aftermath of winter storm Alexa in December 2013, one of the strongest storms to occur in half a century. The assessment was conducted in close coordination with the UN and the European Union, and took into account other assessments already undertaken by the Palestinian Authority and its partners. Not only did the assessment provide information on physical damage and economic losses from the storm, it also laid the groundwork for a longer-term disaster risk management framework, showing how government and international partners can assist in this process. As a result, several municipalities in the West Bank have announced that they will request further assistance from the World Bank and GFDRR in improving their resilience to disasters. Following the severe August 2013 floods in Sudan, and in response to a request from the government for technical assistance, GFDRR supported a damage and needs assessment. During the first part of the mission, international experts provided training The Philippines to 30 government officials in addition to making field visits to validate data. While this Debris from Typhoon Haiyan work was interrupted because of security concerns, the team was able to later return and (Yolanda) created enormous complete the training and submit key findings, resulting in a draft transitional recovery and challenges for recovery workers. reconstruction framework for future flooding. Photo credit: Marcel Crozet 50 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 51 Pillar 5 GFDRR-Supported Post-Disaster Needs Assessments in FY14 Uttarakhand Floods Sudan Floods Cyclone Ian in Tonga Burundi Floods and Landslides June 2013 August 2013 January 2014 February 2014 Photo credit: The World Bank Photo credit: Nafeer Photo credit: NASA Goddard MODIS Rapid Response Team Photo credit: africanclimate.net Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines West Bank and Gaza Winter Storm Serbia Floods Bosnia and Herzegovina Floods August 2013 December 2013 May 2014 May 2014 Photo Credit: Nicolas Asfouri | AFP Photo Photo credit: Dalibor Platenik | Dali/gallery Photo credit: © Nemar74 | Dreamstime.com Photo credit: © Alen Ciric | Dreamstime.com St. Lucia Floods St. Vincent and the Grenadines Floods Solomon Islands Floods December 2013 December 2013 April 2014 India: A rapid post-disaster needs assessment in Uttarakhand helped leverage a $153 million World Bank project to rebuild 30,000 houses. Photo credit: The World Bank Photo credit: CatholicOnline Photo credit: Solomon Star 52 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 53 Focus on Middle East and North Africa Pillar 5 Strengthening Flood and meteorological agency—are management. Already, 60 Drought Risk Management now actively working together practitioners including in Djibouti and sharing critical weather- government officials, and climate-related data with university professors, Djibouti is one of the most water each other. geographers, and other scarce countries in the world and scientists have completed it. yet vulnerable to floods, in addition ■■ GFDRR’s total investment of to droughts and earthquakes. An $2 million in Djibouti has led This cooperation was made extended drought that devastated to almost $50 million from possible by a new system of disaster livelihoods and the country’s other international donors in risk communications and emergency economy from 2007 to 2011 caused support of risk management protocols created with GFDRR GDP to contract at an annual efforts. support. The Minister of Finance average rate of 4 percent. Farmers and Minister of Higher Education ■■ GFDRR developed the launched the new system in FY14 and herders were hit hardest, and country’s very first hazard risk before an audience of 80 government 120,000 people—15 percent of profile, putting the disaster staff, academics, and members of the population—faced greater food risk management agenda on civil society groups, all of whom insecurity. the radar of decision makers. were trained on its use. GFDRR is Since 2007, GFDRR has played an also working to create online open important role in supporting Djibouti ■■ GFDRR updated preparedness source software that will make to better prepare and manage and emergency plans dating disaster risk information for Djibouti disaster risk, through guidance, as far back as 1986. more accessible for both decision financial support, and post-disaster makers and the general public. These ■■ In 2011, a GFDRR team, in assessments. Successes include: initiatives combined will result in partnership with UNDP, the ■■ In FY14, GFDRR helped EU, and the United States the first disaster risk communication strengthen Djibouti’s ability Agency for International platform of its kind in Africa and the to forecast and communicate Development (USAID), Middle East. weather conditions, for completed Djibouti’s Early warning systems and example by financing the first post-disaster needs emergency preparedness plans for acquisition and installation assessment, which mobilized both floods and droughts are now in of five hydrometeorological $13 million of World Bank place, thanks to GFDRR assistance. stations. It also completed emergency funding and an In fact, the government reported that the first seismic and flood additional $30 million of during flash floods in March 2013 it risk assessment of Djibouti international funding for was able to rely on these emergency City, the country’s capital. drought mitigation measures. plans, contributing to the relatively Djibouti In addition, seven different A GFDRR grant then trained low number of casualties, with only Situated on the disaster-prone Horn of Africa, Djibouti is highly national authorities—such 30 national staff to conduct 13 people hurt or killed. This is in vulnerable to prolonged droughts. Photo credit: The World Bank Djibouti: GFDRR’s as the Ministries of Interior needs assessments, and stark comparison to similarly severe total investment and Housing and Land provided a distance education flooding in 2004 that resulted in 230 of $2 million has Planning, and the country’s program on disaster risk casualties. led to almost $50 million from other international donors in support of risk management efforts. Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 55 Thematic Resilient Programs Recovery Building on the need for more intense technical assistance, GFDRR has assembled seven teams to provide technical assistance and training to government counter- parts and other implementing partners, as well as conduct research and share best practices on these thematic areas at the global, regional, and local levels. United Kingdom Finalists from a Code for Resilience competition present at the 2014 Understanding Risk Forum in London. Over 2,000 participants have joined events in eight countries to showcase dozens of software applications tailored to reduce regional disaster risk. Photo credit: The World Bank 56 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 57 Innovation Lab Resilient Cities The Innovation Lab (www.gfdrr.org/innovation-lab) is connected to Pillar 1 Risk The Resilient Cities Program (www.gfdrr.org/resilient-cities) is related to Pillar 2 Risk Identification. This program guides GFDRR’s risk identification work and supports the use Reduction. It was launched in FY14 by GFDRR to help cities understand, prepare for, and of science, technology, and open data in promoting new ideas and the development of adapt to the effects of changing conditions, such as climate change and rapid urbanization, original tools to empower decision makers in vulnerable countries seeking to strengthen and to withstand and recover rapidly from natural disasters and other shocks. their resilience. Three major initiatives showcase the value of Innovation Lab: In its first year, the program created the methodology for its CityStrength Diagnostic, following consultations with a number of international organizations including UN-Habitat, Open Data for Resilience Initiative UNISDR, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the World Bank. This new diagnostic brings in a Through this initiative, Innovation Lab maps hundreds of thousands of buildings, team of experts to guide city leaders through an investigative process to identify potential providing more than 1,000 geospatial datasets to the public. The Lab also develops and gaps in resilience in city systems and services, as well as risks to critical infrastructure, applies innovative tools, such as GeoNode (geonode.org), a free and open source catalog specific neighborhoods, and vulnerable groups of people. The process is meant to inform of risk data and visualization. It also undertakes participatory mapping, a community policy decisions and build understanding of, demand for, and access to resilience- engagement approach that relies on residents and volunteers to gather information about the strengthening investment options. built environment. In FY14, GFDRR launched the Open Data for Resilience Field Guide (www. gfdrr.org/ODRIFG), a practical manual for governments and other organizations aimed at In June 2014, the Resilient Cities Program completed its first diagnostic in Can Tho, setting basic standards for the creation and communication of disaster and climate change Vietnam’s largest city in the Mekong Delta with a population of 1.3 million. In addition information on open source platforms. to city authorities, GFDRR interviewed a number of local organizations, including groups representing civil society, women, the disabled, and commercial and industrial interests. Using the results of the diagnostic, the city is expected to access financing to advance Code for Resilience its flood prevention infrastructure, improve important services such as sanitation and Through this initiative, Innovation Lab supports Code for Resilience (www. transport, and upgrade living conditions, particularly in flood-prone areas. codeforresilience.org), which collaborates with developing countries on new digital and hardware solutions tailored to a country’s particular needs and situation. Over GFDRR also joined UN-Habitat, UNISDR, the World Bank, the Inter-American 2,000 participants have joined events in eight countries to showcase dozens of software Development Bank, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, the Rockefeller Foundation’s applications, including ones that provide flood alerts and improve access to evacuation maps 100 Resilient Cities initiative, and local government association ICLEI to form the Medellin for the elderly. Collaboration on Urban Resilience, announced at the 7th World Urban Forum in Colombia in April 2014. The collaboration’s partners are developing common definitions and metrics for understanding urban shocks and stresses, and helping cities to access sources of Understanding Risk Forum international support and finance to better manage these risks. The 2014 Understanding Risk Forum (www.understandrisk.org), held in London in June 2014, convened more than 800 experts and practitioners representing over 280 in- In FY14, more than 30 percent of GFDRR’s grants supported work on urban resilience, stitutions including government agencies, private sector companies, international orga- including projects in Bangladesh, Burundi, Guyana, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. nizations, research institutions, and civil society. Under the theme Producing Actionable Information, nearly 60 sessions and workshops offered a wide range of topics, such as risk modeling in the financial sector, earth observation systems, risk communication methods, community-based risk assessments, and how to assess risk in the face of climate change. Started four years ago, the Understanding Risk community has grown to include a global membership of over 3,200 experts and practitioners from more than 125 countries. 58 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 59 Safer Schools Hydromet The Safer Schools Program (www.gfdrr.org/areas/SafeSchools) works under Pillar 2 The Hydromet Program (www.gfdrr.org/hydromet) is associated with Pillar 3 Risk Reduction. Close to 1.2 billion students are enrolled in primary and secondary schools Preparedness. This program works with countries to develop modern, sustainable, and worldwide, of whom 875 million live in high seismic risk zones. Hundreds of millions more service-oriented climate, weather, and water information services. Launched in 2011, face regular hazards such as floods, landslides, extreme winds, and fires. Children spend GFDRR’s Hydromet Program works closely with the WMO, national weather and hydrological up to 50 percent of their time in school buildings, yet all too often these buildings are not services, and governments to support countries in modernizing their weather, climate, and disaster resilient. This kind of risk is avoidable and many of GFDRR’s thematic initiatives, hydrological information systems. In particular, the program seeks to increase the accuracy such as its Safer Schools Program, advance measures to reduce it. and timeliness of weather forecasts and early warning systems. In FY14, GFDRR developed the Safer Schools Program to support large-scale Since its inception, the program has assisted 31 countries in improving their government investments in education by providing technical assistance and expertise, hydrometeorological services through grants as well as the expertise of its own team of including measures to reduce disaster risk such as disaster-proof school building codes. specialists. Together, these engagements have leveraged and shaped more than $400 Additional financing is needed to be able to implement the initiative and meet country million in investments from the Climate Investment Funds,4 the World Bank, and other 4 www.climateinvestmentfunds. org/cif/ demand. The program cooperates actively with the international Comprehensive School partners. 5 http://documents. Safety Framework and will support UNISDR’s Worldwide Initiative for Safe Schools, to be GFDRR’s Hydromet Team plays an important role in supporting World Bank efforts to worldbank.org/curated/ launched in March 2015 at its Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, include forecasting and early warning in disaster risk management and other sectors. In en/2013/09/18273238/ weather-climate-resil- Japan. The Safer Schools Program has also formed partnerships with Save the Children FY14 alone it contributed to preparations for World Bank projects in Burkina Faso, the ience-effective-prepared- and others to help ensure that building safer schools is included in the post-2015 Hyogo Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, Mali, Myanmar, Rwanda, Uganda, and Vietnam. ness-through-national-meteo- rological-hydrological-services Framework for Action on disaster resilience. The team also supported an investment by the Global Environment Facility in São Tomé In FY15, the Safer Schools Program will launch country-level projects in Indonesia, Peru, and Príncipe and continued to provide assistance to modernization projects financed by the Philippines, and in Pacific island countries, building on successes in Mozambique. the IDA and the Pilot Program for Climate Change in India, Mozambique, Nepal, Russia, the Republic of Yemen, and the Central Asia region. In FY14, GFDRR and the World Bank published the flagship study Weather and Climate Resilience: Effective Preparedness through National Meteorological and Hydrological Services.5 The report shows how national meteorological and hydrological services can reduce the effects of natural hazards and improve a country’s overall economy. The GFDRR Hydromet Program is currently identifying and preparing new projects Safer Schools for glacial monitoring in Pakistan, urban flood management in Nigeria, and improved Resilient Cities Hydromet hydrometeorological systems in the Sahel region. Disaster Risk Weather and Climate Resilience Financing and Insurance Property Catastrophe Disaster-Linked Social Protection Innovation Lab Code for Resilience Risk Insurance Open Data for Resilience Initiative Resilience to Inclusive Community Climate Change Disaster-Linked Social Protection Agricultural Insurance Resilience Sovereign Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Understanding Risk Forum Climate Investment Funds 60 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 61 Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Inclusive Community Resilience The Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Program (www.gfdrr.org/disaster-risk- The Inclusive Community Resilience Program (www.gfdrr.org/areas/CivilSociety) financing-and-insurance) is connected to Pillar 4 Financial Protection. This Program was is a cross-cutting pillar initiative that promotes civil society engagement, community established in 2010 as a partnership between GFDRR and the World Bank to improve the resilience, and gender considerations. GFDRR recognizes the critical role played by financial resilience of governments, businesses, and households against natural disasters. community leaders, civil society, and women in disaster risk management. Across GFDRR’s The program supports governments to strengthen financial resilience along four main FY14 portfolio, a fifth of its grants explicitly incorporated gender considerations in project priority areas that are aligned with key groups of beneficiaries: governments, farmers, design and implementation, while almost a third directly involved civil society. GFDRR is homeowners and small businesses, and the poorest. increasingly prioritizing engagement with these groups in its country-level investments, and is partnering with them to develop policy, create knowledge, and advocate for new ■■ Sovereign Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance aims to increase the financial practices. response capacity of national and subnational governments to secure cost-effective access to adequate funding for emergency response, reconstruction, and recovery. In Starting in FY12, GFDRR began implementing a pilot of its civil society partnerships FY14, the program provided an actuarial analysis (see page 42) to help the multi- strategy. A follow-up review delivered to its Consultative Group in May 2014 found that country risk pool Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility’s 16 member GFDRR has made substantial progress in making civil society an integral part of its disaster countries understand the costs and benefits of a proposed expansion to Central risk management and sustainable recovery country programs. America. This analysis estimated premium reductions for four different options and For example, from the beginning GFDRR’s OpenDRI (Open Data for Resilience Initiative) helped Honduras and Nicaragua commit to becoming members of the Facility. ■ program in Kathmandu, Nepal, relied on and involved participants from universities, ■■ Agricultural Insurance aims to protect farmers and herders from losses arising from professional groups, and civil society organizations to map schools and health facilities damage to their assets. Sustainable, scaled up agricultural insurance programs that in Nepal’s capital city, which is highly vulnerable to earthquakes. As a result, a group of benefit vulnerable farmers and herders require engagement, innovation, and action participants established an NGO called the Kathmandu Living Labs, and is contributing from both the public and the private sector. In FY14, the government of Kenya much-needed risk data for a larger GFDRR, World Bank, and government project that is committed to implementing a public-private agricultural insurance program to insure making education and health buildings more resilient to seismic risks. more than 130,000 farmers (see page 42 for more information). Evidence repeatedly shows that empowering women to build community resilience to disaster is a must if it is to be sustainable and successful. A good start can be ensuring that ■■ Property Catastrophe Risk Insurance aims to protect homeowners and small and women are included in disaster risk management efforts and that their needs are considered medium-sized enterprises against losses arising from property damage. Working with throughout projects. In Rwanda, for example, the team assisted the government to conduct the Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Program, the government of Colombia a comprehensive nationwide risk assessment ensured that gender was considered in is implementing international best practices as it insures $38 billion of new road vulnerability assessments. infrastructure built through public-private partnerships. Building on lessons learned from the pilot phase, GFDRR’s newly-established Inclusive ■■ Disaster-Linked Social Protection aims to protect the livelihoods of the poorest Community Resilience Program will place a stronger emphasis on including civil society and most vulnerable by enabling social protection mechanisms to rapidly increase groups, community leaders, women, poor people, and other marginalized groups in disaster assistance to affected households immediately following disaster, or at the first sign risk management initiatives that GFDRR funds. Although there is scarce funding to meet of disaster, such as the beginning of a drought. This emerging field seeks to protect existing demands, GFDRR plans to start small—where resources allow—and scale up over people from falling into poverty following a shock. The Disaster Risk Financing and time. Meanwhile, GFDRR, alongside the World Bank, will establish and execute a results Insurance Program is working closely with the World Bank to ensure humanitarian aid framework specific to community resilience as a way to communicate progress and lessons is a core component of development. learned for improved implementation and sustainable impact. In addition, the program will push for global and country-level policy decisions to recognize the importance of inclusive, community-led resilience measures. Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 63 Challenges Thematic & Opportunities Programs GFDRR’s 20 Priority Countries are Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, Indonesia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, the Marshall Islands, Mozambique, Nepal, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, the Solomon Islands, Togo, Vietnam, and the Republic of Yemen. In FY14, Priority Countries received 71 percent of GFDRR’s financial support. El Salvador A plume of ash escapes the San Miguel volcano in El Salvador. A full eruption by this volcano would decimate surrounding communities. Photo credit: NASA 64 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 65 Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia and Pacific Priority Countries: Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Priority Countries: Indonesia, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Mali, Mozambique, Senegal, and Togo Solomon Islands, Vietnam Lesson Learned ➠ Challenges ➠ Challenges Sub-Saharan Africa faces a variety of natural hazards. Drought puts dozens of countries Rapid urbanization has created many economic opportunities for people and countries at risk, while the southern rain and cyclone seasons and the northern rainy season cause in East Asia and the Pacific. However, high population density and unplanned development destructive flooding. Active volcanoes and earthquakes add to these hazards. make cities increasingly exposed and vulnerable to hazards in a region that is already the The region includes a large number of lower-income countries, several of which are most disaster-affected one in the world. classified as fragile and conflict-affected, including Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, and Togo— Disasters in this region can quickly roll back hard-won economic and social development all GFDRR Priority Countries. Many of these countries have the world’s most vulnerable gains. For example, after Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines in November 2013, nearly and poor populations, who suffer the most from the effects of natural disaster and climate half a million households were pushed into poverty, increasing the poverty rate from 41 change—such as the destruction of entire villages due to flooding or the total loss of percent to roughly 56 percent in some of the worst-affected areas. Additionally, the need livelihoods by farmers because of extended drought. Indeed, many households are just one to mainstream disaster risk management across sectors is necessary to increase resilience disaster away from a lifetime of poverty. from the persistent storms and flooding in the region that disrupt livelihoods and halt In Africa, limited capacity within agencies, a lack of information and coordination, and economic production. inadequate infrastructure create a critical need for building resilience within the region. GFDRR is focused on building comprehensive disaster risk management programs in the In FY14, GFDRR supported several regional initiatives aimed at increasing the resilience East Asia and Pacific region that address the specific concerns of countries. In FY14, GFDRR of the most vulnerable people and households to disasters and, along with the World Bank, grants in the region continued to focus on risk identification and reduction. A GFDRR risk its work in the region is increasingly concentrated on improving drought resilience, early analysis is leading to a $500 million World Bank flood management project in Ho Chi Minh warning and emergency communication and management systems, flood management, City—Vietnam’s largest city by population—while GFDRR support is flood-proofing roads building codes, and social safety nets. Going forward, GFDRR and the World Bank will in the countryside. In Mongolia, a newly launched disaster risk management program is continue to focus on the Sahel Resilience Project, along with an overall added emphasis in strengthening the legal and institutional framework for such work, with GFDRR support. the region on building the capacity of national and regional institutions that play a part in In FY15 and beyond, GFDRR will focus on making critical infrastructure in the Philippines disaster risk management. GFDRR will continue shifting from a technical assistance agenda more resilient; supporting local governments in Indonesia to integrate risk considerations to a wider investment strategy, taking advantage of new financial tools like Cat-DDOs. into land use planning; and establishing a regional disaster risk management plan to improve both early warning and post-disaster response efforts in Pacific island countries. ➠ Opportunities Undergoing immediate disaster damage and loss analysis enables faster ➠ Opportunities recovery from natural hazards Conducting technical assistance across sectors is critical to mainstreaming In assessing post-disaster needs in Nigeria during 2012,6 a comprehensive analysis of DRM https://gfdrr.org/stories- 6 damages and losses was performed across a wide spectrum of sectors. Teams identified the Since 2012, GFDRR’s technical assistance of $500,000 has been helping mainstream impact-series need for more than $7 billion in necessary recovery funding to enable government agencies disaster and climate resilience into the transport sector through World Bank-financed to respond faster and more efficiently to the next disaster. Lessons learned showed that projects totaling over $1 billion, including over $140 million in climate and disaster focused data enables a more rapid and effective response, that sustainable growth requires resilience investments. This has led to the construction of more than 450 kilometers of disaster risk management, and that partnerships are key to rapid, accurate assessments. flood-resilient roads in Vietnam. Structural measures alone are not sufficient to tackle disaster risks. For example, road materials need to meet standards and make use of local resources, and an effective risk reduction strategy involves multiple sectors. 66 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 67 Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Priority Countries: Kyrgyz Republic Priority Countries: Haiti and Panama ➠ Challenges ➠ Challenges In Europe and Central Asia, flooding and landslides continue to be a significant challenge The Latin America and the Caribbean region has 9 of the top 20 countries ranked by to almost all countries in the region. Meanwhile, in a trend unique to countries in Eastern economic losses due to extreme weather events in the past two decades. Many countries in Europe, many small cities are contracting in population as people leave for larger cities, the region are well advanced in disaster risk management and are enhancing their capacity putting added pressure on infrastructure that is often outdated and poorly maintained. In to prepare and respond to disasters. Many smaller countries, especially those within the addition, there is a lack of data and understanding for risk identification measures. Caribbean and Central America that are hit by consistent disasters such as hurricanes, see the added value in working together to financially protect themselves through risk pooling In FY14, massive flooding in the Balkan region resulted in Bosnia and Herzegovina initiatives. losing 15 percent of its GDP while Serbia lost 5 percent of it GDP and its former ranking in the Human Development Index. GFDRR-supported post-disaster needs assessments informed Haiti is the largest recipient of GFDRR support in the region, with most grants going two World Bank projects for the countries, worth a total of $400 million. Earthquakes are toward risk identification projects as well as integrating risk reduction approaches into key a serious threat to many countries in the region, including Turkey, where 72 percent of its sectors, including public works and transport infrastructure. Going forward, the biggest population lives in urban areas. In FY15, GFDRR will support a regional program in Central challenge for GFDRR is assisting the government of Haiti to develop a coherent legal and Asia focusing on earthquake risk reduction measures. institutional framework for disaster risk management. Much of GFDRR’s support in the Latin America and Caribbean region is for risk assessments that are then used to guide government decision making on types of disaster ➠ Opportunities risk reduction infrastructure investments. For example, in FY14 many ministries of Identifying risk and producing risk information can benefit people finance and some sector ministries in the region in countries like Colombia, Costa Rica, across a country Guatemala, Mexico, St. Lucia, and Uruguay were seeking to understand how to better The lack of infrastructure and need to modernize structurally was a huge focus in past use disaster risk information for decision making. GFDRR has an opportunity to change years where GFDRR largely provided support for early warning and preparedness activities development patterns across the region by supporting these ministries with targeted in Europe and Central Asia. Now, however, it is shifting its focus to risk reduction efforts, advice and knowledge services, helping them understand what disaster risk information to including improved risk mapping and investments in risk reduction efforts. In Turkey, since generate, how to access it, and how to use it. Latin American and Caribbean countries have 2005 with GFDRR support,7 the country has been enhancing its seismic preparedness suffered significant financial losses as a result of natural hazards, motivating ministries of https://gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/ 7 files/publication/GFDRR_ in Istanbul. As a result, 1,086 public buildings have been retrofitted or reconstructed, finance to explore options for ex ante risk financing and insurance. This would increase Stories%20of%20Impact%20 including schools that serve more than 1.1 million students and teachers, in addition to governments’ financial response capacity to adverse natural events and help mitigate their Istanbul%20Final.pdf hospitals and clinics that serve about 8.7 million patients annually. Additionally, 662,000 socioeconomic impact. people were trained in disaster preparedness and an estimated 5.5 million citizens reached. Setting up a strong, highly knowledgeable local team is key to successful implementation— ➠ Opportunities projects have greater chances of success when they are implemented by local authorities, engineers, and managers with experience working on earthquake reconstruction projects, Strong analytical processes to reduce risk has proven successful and who have extensive knowledge about city and national regulations. Also, increasing in Latin America and the Caribbean public awareness is critical to build public support for upgrading schools so that the In Belize,8 the development of a national disaster risk management plan identified four communities are prepared and understand the benefits. priority regions where investment in the transportation sector would help reduce economic https://gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/ 8 losses, ensure continued connectivity during floods, and protect vulnerable communities. files/publication/GFDRR_ Stories%20of%20Impact%20 Through this plan, the country will be able to prioritize investments to reduce risk and Belize%20Final%20ACP-EU. ensure the safety of its population. In order to do this, GFDRR, the government, and its pdf partners determined that strong analytic work and a transparent decision-making process are critical to building stakeholder consensus. As well, developing national plans of scale requires comprehensive and iterative processes. 68 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 69 Middle East and North Africa South Asia Priority Countries: Djibouti and the Republic of Yemen Priority Country: Nepal Lesson Learned ➠ Challenges ➠ Challenges While the number of natural disasters around the world has almost doubled since the South Asia has seen its annual number of disasters quadruple over the past four decades, 1980s, it has almost tripled in the Middle East and North Africa. Water scarcity, climate and resulting damages have reached over $25 billion in the past five years alone. Despite the change, and rapid urbanization have aggravated the impact of natural hazards in a region continuing increase in disaster risk in South Asia, public awareness and understanding of where 3 percent of its surface area is home to 92 percent of the population. Moreover, that risk—and how to manage it—remains low. For the development community, the challenge conflict and fragility, socio-environmental degradation, lack of coordination across lies in demonstrating to the public and private sector the business case for developing the agencies, and insufficient data are increasing the exposure and vulnerability of millions resilience of infrastructure, buildings, and social protection systems. Developing disaster across the Middle East and North Africa region. risk financing and insurance strategies have become an important method for increasing awareness and opening realistic options for investment and meaningful policy change. With GFDRR support, Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, and the Republic of Yemen have been able to establish disaster risk management units within their central In Bangladesh, the tragic 2013 Savar building collapse in Dhaka showed the critical government, a critical step in a region that has historically approached disaster in an ad hoc need for investment to address long-standing infrastructure weakness. Landslides in manner. Often units are not equipped with the necessary technical and financial capacity Nepal and northern India in August 2014 left hundreds dead and underscored the need to enact real change, or they lack the mandate to influence policy decisions. Thus, GFDRR for physical investment to stabilize slopes and reduce exposure and vulnerability. In Sri is focusing work on improving coordination and data sharing between different levels and Lanka, nearly $500 million in unplanned expenditures resulting from flooding in 2010 sectors within government, in addition to offering training tailored to specific hazards and and 2011 has strained government budgets and required reallocation from other planned government authorities. development priorities. In addition, GFDRR is expanding risk assessment, urban resilience, and risk reduction To make the link between investment and return in disaster resilience, GFDRR will efforts in Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, West Bank and Gaza, and continue to assess the financial liabilities that countries face before these liabilities Yemen; it is also increasing its support to the governments of Kuwait and Lebanon. become real losses. In addition, financial risk analysis—including financial impact on Since 2007, GFDRR’s grants to Middle East and North Africa countries have leveraged an both government and household budgets—will make it possible to provide post-disaster estimated $650 million from other partners for risk management efforts in the region. In assistance to the poorest and most vulnerable by expanding on the cash transfer systems FY14, over 60 percent of GFDRR grants in the Middle East and North Africa focused on risk already used in existing social protection programs. identification and reduction efforts. ➠ Opportunities ➠ Opportunities Planning for disasters pays off Providing access to data improves disaster coordination, preparedness, GFDRR has contributed $270,000 in India since 2011 to help implement the National and response efforts Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP) in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, improving the GFDRR support in Djibouti since 2012 has helped establish a reliable and systematized early warning systems, building risk mitigation infrastructure, and increasing capacity for meteorological data collection system as part of a greater data management strategy. This vulnerability assessment. Successful disaster risk management initiatives in the country, strategy is helping with the dissemination of climate and disaster data while integrating including some with GFDRR support, enabled a 99.6 percent reduction in fatalities from a DRM operations across ministries, relevant agencies, and other institutions. In the future, comparable cyclone in 1999. Odisha and Andhra Pradesh are adding 1,000 kilometers of new the country will be able to respond faster to disasters with the data now available. evacuation roads and 23 bridges to better connect communities, as well as 285 new cyclone shelters and 140 kilometers of improvements to existing coastal embankments. It is clear that successful disaster risk reduction can dramatically reduce causalities from natural hazards. Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 71 Outreach& Challenges Partnerships & Opportunities GFDRR reaches out and develops partnerships to mobilize resources, increase opportunities for technical and operational collaboration, and share lessons learned from country-level work. Close cooperation with UN agencies is a cornerstone of this agenda. Indonesia Community engagement is an essential part of effective disaster risk management. GFDRR works with hundreds of civil society organizations across all five pillars of action. Photo credit: World Bank 72 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 73 United Nations World Bank During FY14 GFDRR continued its strong partnerships with UN agencies, particularly In FY14, GFDRR continued to play a critical role in making disaster risk management with UNISDR and UNDP, at both the global and country levels. After seven years and a central part of World Bank operations. As part of the World Bank Group’s reorganization $30 million of funding through the World Bank’s Development Grant Facility (DGF), last year, GFDRR is now hosted within the World Bank’s newly-established Climate Change GFDRR financing to UNISDR came to a completion in FY14. An independent evaluation Group Vice Presidency. This new institutional arrangement recognizes the cross-cutting of the UNISDR-implemented program shows that, as a result of the work financed by this nature of disaster risk management, and will help ensure that it is included in World Bank partnership, there is now a stronger alignment between UN and World Bank disaster risk initiatives across all practice areas. management activities. GFDRR also played a major role in enabling the inclusion of disaster risk management Both the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Hyogo Framework for Action, in the next three-year programming cycle of the IDA, called IDA-17. Under IDA-17, the World which specifically addresses the issue of disaster risk, are set to expire in 2015. This Bank has committed to incorporating disaster and climate risk considerations into country presents an opportunity for the international community to ensure that the next generation partnership frameworks, and make them part of the monitoring and evaluation process for of frameworks align and have a common set of indicators for measuring disaster risk World Bank projects. reduction and resilience. During FY14, with GFDRR support, the World Bank increased its financial commitments A key message that GFDRR, its partner governments, and other organizations support to disaster risk management operations and financial instruments for developing countries is the importance of building resilience throughout both the post-2015 Framework for seeking to minimize the cost of disaster. Over 80 percent of the World Bank’s active country The DRM community is set to 9 Disaster Risk Reduction, which is set to be finalized in March 2015 in Sendai,9 as well as the assistance or partnership strategies now incorporate disaster and climate risk analysis, meet at the Third UN World Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are set to replace the MDGs in September up from 70 percent in FY11, and 44 percent in 2006. Growth was particularly relevant in Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015. GFDRR and its partners also note that having these frameworks adequately address low-income countries that receive funding from IDA, with 63 percent of the World Bank’s March 2015. resilient development will pave the way for mainstreaming disaster risk management disaster risk management portfolio funded through the association.10 10 For the second year in a row, across all levels of governments. GFDRR completed a rigorous analysis tracking how much The international community is aware that disasters impact all development efforts and Japan money went to disaster risk undermine progress towards achieving the MDGs. This is because effects from disasters are management in every World In FY14, GFDRR launched the Japan-World Bank program to improve disaster risk Bank activity. In FY14 it felt both directly (for example through the loss of lives, livelihoods, and assets) and indirectly management in developing countries. Activities under this $100 million program will have presented its findings to the (for example through the diversion of funds from development to emergency relief and a strong focus on strengthening resilience, including risk identification, risk reduction, World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) govern- reconstruction, or wider effects on economy and society). GFDRR and the United Nations, preparedness, and financial protection and will aim to connect Japan’s knowledge with ing body, the Development including UNDP and UNISDR, acknowledge that disaster and climate risk management global expertise to support development planning and investment. To help meet this goal, Committee, delivering on its needs to be integrated throughout the post-2015 development framework. This is because commitment made during the GFDRR established the Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub in FY14 to manage the day- Sendai Dialogue in FY13. The disasters disproportionately affect the poorest and most vulnerable populations, and hence to-day operations of the program. The Tokyo Hub is coordinating closely with Japan and full report can be found here: not only impede the attainment of the MDGs concerned with poverty, hunger, health, and the World Bank to modernize hydrometeorological services in select countries, support the http:// search.worldbank. org/ devcomm?_foldid_ exact=Docu- environmental status but also those pushing for improved gender equality and wider access Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative, and include more private mentation to education. sector involvement in disaster risk management. GFDRR has been actively engaged with supporting the post-2015 agenda. In addition to A first round of projects funded through the program have already begun, including providing technical inputs and participating in discussions on indicators, GFDRR is also co- a school retrofitting initiative in Peru, and a program for resilient infrastructure in South authoring outreach and advocacy notes to highlight the importance of integrating disaster Asia. During May 2014, the hub organized a series of consultations, with Japanese civil and climate resilience considerations into such international development frameworks. society and regional organizations, to include civil society in its disaster risk management Given how closely linked GFDRR’s mission is to the post-2015 processes, it will continue to programming within the World Bank’s strategy. In FY14, the hub arranged for authorities be an active participant until these international frameworks are finalized. from India’s Uttarakhand state to travel to Japan. The Uttarakhand officials learned how Japan prepares for and responds to frequent slope failures and landslides. Since then a number of collaborations have been established with Japanese organizations, such as Tohoku University. 74 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 75 European Union Technical Experts, Academia, and Think Tanks The European Union (EU) continues to be a leading partner of and the largest donor GFDRR works alongside international and local consultants, firms, and other technical to GFDRR. In FY14, a large part of this collaboration occurred through the ACP-EU Natural experts to design, implement, monitor, and evaluate its programs. For example, DARA Disaster Risk Reduction Program (see page 77 for more information). The EU also made a International’s evaluation report11 of GFDRR’s program in a number of different countries 11 www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/ files/publication/Evaluation_ commitment to contribute an additional EUR 40 million ($51 million) starting in FY15 to presents the effectiveness of GFDRR’s approach to improve DRM in countries where it Report_GFDRR_Low_Res_ continue improving disaster resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa. This brings the EU’s total operates. June%2B2014.pdf contribution to GFDRR to EUR 100 million. The Facility also works with a multitude of academic institutions to prepare students The dialogue between GFDRR and the EU is now focusing on disaster risk financing and communities for natural hazards. During FY14, for example, GFDRR collaborated with and climate adaptation agendas, and on fostering cooperation at country and regional dozens of universities and think tanks to develop UNISDR’s Global Assessment Report 2015, levels, beyond the scope of the ACP. The EU also joined GFDRR’s advisory group on the Civil in addition to working with institutions such as the London School of Economics and the Society and Gender Strategy, bringing its knowledge and expertise to the goal of developing Overseas Development Institute to provide technical expertise on how to address poverty a strategy for including civil society in GFDRR-supported disaster resilience initiatives. with a climate and disaster-resilient approach. GFDRR also works with many universities around the world, such as Tulane University and the University of Djibouti, to develop The EU continues to play an important role in promoting disaster risk management on e-learning courses and in-class curricula to foster the next generation of disaster risk the global stage. In FY14, it co-hosted or supported a number of GFDRR flagship events, management experts. including the Resilience Dialogue series, which are organized in partnership with the government of Japan and USAID as part of the World Bank Group-IMF Annual and Spring Meetings. The EU also provided financial support to GFDRR’s annual Understanding Risk Private Sector Forum (see page 56 for more information). GFDRR, in turn, participated in EU-hosted GFDRR recognizes that private sector involvement is critical to achieving sustainable meetings and events, including the first EU Resilience Forum, held in Brussels in April 2014. results across the five pillars of disaster risk management. Businesses can provide not During FY14, GFDRR, along with the EU and UNDP, worked on finalizing The Post- only financial resources, but also technical know how and innovative practices, and Disaster Needs Assessment Guide and the Disaster Recovery Framework Guide, both of which GFDRR—particularly through its thematic programs—found numerous ways in FY14 to were launched in FY15 at the Second World Reconstruction Conference. connect this experience to disaster risk management initiatives in developing countries. GFDRR worked closely with technology companies such as Google to make information FY14 saw the EU, GFDRR, the World Bank, UNDP, and other development partners about hazard and risk more broadly available. The Understanding Risk Community continue to help governments conduct post-disaster assessments and develop recovery continues to bring together thousands of practitioners and experts from the risk frameworks, many of them in the wake of floods and cyclones. Countries that received this identification field, many of them from private sector companies. For example, during support last year include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, the Philippines, Serbia, the the 2014 Understanding Risk Forum, Google and Airbus committed to creating a higher Solomon Islands, and Tonga, as well as countries in the Eastern Caribbean region. resolution digital elevation model of the Earth, which is critical to understanding water- related risks. Insurance brokerage Willis and catastrophe risk management modeling and analytics firm Risk Management Solutions, Inc. (RMS), along with geospatial information company Esri and Google, partnered to host the forum. Additionally, GFDRR’s work in disaster risk financing and insurance relies on cooperation with insurance and reinsurance companies and professional associations to help countries build sustainable risk financing and insurance initiatives. Finally, GFDRR’s Safer Schools Program engages engineering firms for expertise on safer design and building practices. 76 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 77 Civil Society Organizations and Citizen Engagement Focus on the ACP-EU NDRR Program GFDRR works with hundreds of civil society organizations across all five pillars. For example, an FY14 GFDRR community-based flood resilience initiative in Nepal’s Kosi Basin is now benefiting at least 70,000 people thanks to a $600,000 grant from the International Federation of Red Cross Strengthening Disaster Risk Selected FY14 Results The program financed post- and Red Crescent Societies. GFDRR’s Code for Resilience initiative hosted a series of hackathons Management in African, Thanks to the Community- disaster assessments in Burundi, around the world, bringing together technology and DRM experts with the goal of finding better Caribbean, and Pacific Based Disaster Risk Reduction St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the ways for communities to address risks from natural disasters. Countries Project, implemented by Oxfam in Grenadines, and the Solomon Islands, and provided technical Through its Inclusive Community Resilience initiative, GFDRR will continue to leverage The African, Caribbean, and Niger, more than 3,000 community assistance for recovery efforts country investment programs that work directly with poor communities; support civil Pacific (ACP)-European Union members—a third of them women— in Tonga. These projects have society and broader citizen engagement in disaster risk management for accountability; (EU) Natural Disaster Risk were trained in disaster risk been used to secure and inform and continue to use GFDRR’s and the World Bank’s role as conveners to ensure the voices Reduction Program was launched reduction, including the collection substantial recovery investment of the world’s most vulnerable are part of national and global DRM dialogues. in 2011 as an initiative of the ACP and analysis of early warning data. programs, including a $12 million Group of States, funded by the In Belize, the ACP-EU NDRR World Bank cyclone reconstruction EU and managed by GFDRR. Its Media and Outreach main objective is to contribute Program helped the government initiative in Tonga and a $40 million bring together NGOs and the World Bank risk reduction project in GFDRR’s engagement with international media has increased over the last year, with sever- to sustainable development and private sector to draft a national St. Vincent and the Grenadines. al strategic relationships developed with Reinsurance Magazine, Devex, and other major news poverty eradication by reducing climate resilience investment plan agencies covering development issues. Targeted campaigns were launched, often jointly with the burden of disasters on the poor In total, more than 400 to flood-proof roads in four areas partners, around major events including the Understanding Risk Forum and Resilience Dialogue and the most vulnerable through government officials from 11 of the country, reducing economic series. These campaigns featured media advisories, press releases, and exclusive interviews improved disaster risk reduction. countries have been trained on losses and protecting vulnerable with experts. It is funded by a six-year, EUR 54.5 post-disaster needs assessments communities. million ($75.6 million) EU grant. methodology since the program was Additionally, during FY14, GFDRR was mentioned in nearly 70 external publications, The Southwest Indian Ocean launched. including The New York Times, CNN, The Guardian, and USA Today. This increased The program has financed a Risk Assessment and Financing interaction with media is part of GFDRR’s efforts to strengthen overall communications wide spectrum of disaster risk For more information on the Initiative was launched in April 2014. and outreach. These efforts also included the launch of a redesigned GFDRR website and management activities, including ACP-EU NDRR Program, please visit It will support Indian Ocean countries a continuous social media presence on Twitter, Flickr, and external blogs that showcase risk assessments for Lesotho, i www.drrinacp.org or email i to better understand and manage the GFDRR experts and knowledge across a range of DRM issues and topics. Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Timor- infoacpeu@worldbank.org. fiscal costs of disasters, and address Leste, and the Caribbean region; the region’s high vulnerability to community-based resilience disaster losses from cyclones, floods, initiatives in Liberia, Niger, and the earthquakes, and tsunamis. Solomon Islands; land use planning in the Dominican Republic and St. Lucia; risk financing, through both the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative and a similar mechanism for Indian Ocean islands; and technical assistance to support preparedness and early warning systems in Sierra Leone and Vanuatu. Vanuatu The island nation of Vanuatu is one of the recipients of technical assistance from GFDRR through programs supported by ACP-EU in the Pacific Island region that strengthen preparedness and early warning capacity. Photo credit: The World Bank Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 79 Outreach & Partnerships Internati onal Events In FY14, GFDRR promoted partnerships and collaboration through a number of wide-ranging international events, bringing together hundreds of representatives from government, development partners, academia, the private sector, and civil United Kingdom society to find solutions for climate and disaster risk. “A Conversation with Champions for Disaster Resilience” at the 2014 Understanding Risk Forum. From left: Ngaire Woods (Professor of International Political Economy, Director of the Global Economic Governance Programme, Dean of the Blavatnik School of Government at University of Oxford), Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva (European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid, and Crisis Response), Justine Greening (U.K. Secretary of State, U.K. Department for International Development), Helen Clark (Administrator, UNDP), Rachel Kyte (World Bank Group Vice President and Special Envoy for Climate Change), and Cesar V. Purisima (Secretary of Finance, Republic of the Philippines). Photo credit: The World Bank 80 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 81 2013 Colombia. The book contains risk 2014 Third Flood Risk Management analysis case studies undertaken and Urban Resilience Workshop: July in Bogota over the past 15 years January Over 70 representatives from 12 and the resulting improvements countries in East Asia, the Pacific, made in disaster risk management. and Africa convened from June 3-5 i www.worldbank.org/en/ in Manila, to share and discuss best events/2013/10/08/disaster-risk- practices on integrated flood risk management-bogota-colombia management and disaster resilience Commission, and USAID hosted the in cities. The workshop is part of a sixth round of the Resilience Dialogue regional program supported by GFDRR, Workshops: A series of trainings on series as part of the 2014 World Bank the World Bank, and the Republic of multi-hazard early warning systems Code for Resilience Series: GFDRR and IMF Spring Meetings. Korea. i www.worldbank.org/en/ hosted a series of hackathon i www.gfdrr.org/ news/press-release/2014/06/02/ were held in July and October 2013 at the Shanghai Meteorological events and a competition to resiliencedialoguesm14 philippines-policymakers-tackle- Book Launch: GFDRR launched Service in China. These workshops create a software application for flood-risk-management-urban- Weather and Climate Resilience: were delivered to participants communicating information about May resilience-in-manila Effective Preparedness through from Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana, disasters. Events were held in Spring Consultative Group Meeting: National Meteorological and Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Pakistan, Japan, Bangladesh, Haiti, The 15th GFDRR Consultative Hydrological Services. Faced with the Republic, Mozambique, Nepal, India, Vietnam, and Indonesia Group Meeting took place in Oslo, growing risks of weather and climate the Philippines, Sri Lanka, throughout the beginning of 2014, Norway, on May 15-16. The group disasters to economic and social Vanuatu, and Vietnam—including with winners announced in June. discussed GFDRR priorities, including development, the global community 20 senior officials from national i www.codeforresilience.org/ monitoring and evaluation, the new needs to act quickly to strengthen hydrometeorological services and trust fund architecture, and civil Resilience Dialogue—Poverty National Meteorological and Hydro- disaster risk management agencies Reduction in a Time of Extremes: logical Services (NMHSs). February society and gender strategies. of 10 GFDRR priority countries. Japan-World Bank Hub: Japan and i http://blogs.worldbank.org/ Shared Prosperity through i http://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/ i www.gfdrr.org/shanghai-training- GFDRR launched the Tokyo Disaster climatechange/sustainable- Code for Resilience Grand Prize Resilience: On October 11, 2013, files/publication/Weather_and_ multi-hazard-early-warning-systems- Risk Management Hub, as part of development-gains-require-greater- Winners: The Code for Resilience policy makers attending the 2013 Climate_Resilience_2013.pdf through-south-south-cooperation the $100 million Japan-World Bank climate-and-disaster-resilience global initiative connects technologists Annual Meetings of the World Bank Program. i www. worldbank.org / with mentors and sector specialists and IMF convened for the fifth round December October of the Resilience Dialogue series. Live Chat: On October 12, 2013, en/news/press-release/2014/02/03/ June to create tech-based tools that help Book Launch: On October 21, the world-bank-and-japan-partner-to- reduce disaster risk. Three teams won Speakers, including ministers of a Category 4 cyclone struck the World Bank, Los Andes University, improve-disaster-risk-management- grand prizes for building innovative finance from Colombia, Japan, and coast of Odisha, India, the largest and GFDRR launched Probabilistic in-developing-countries disaster resilience apps. The winners Thailand, highlighted the critical storm to hit India in 14 years. On Modeling for Disaster Risk had the opportunity to pitch their need to invest in disaster resilience December 18, the South Asia World Management, The Case of Bogota, tools to over 800 experts at the if countries hope to successfully Bank Disaster Risk Management team, reduce poverty. i www.gfdrr.org/ with GFDRR support, organized a live Understanding Risk Forum in London resiliencedialogueam13 chat with the World Bank team leader in June 2014 and participate in a study of the India National Cyclone Risk Understanding Risk Forum: In late tour with major technology companies. November Mitigation Project (i www.worldbank. June, 800 stakeholders gathered i www.codeforresilience. org/ Fall Consultative Group Meeting: org/en/news/feature/2013/10/17/ in London to collaborate on blog/innovative-apps-disaster-risk- The 14th GFDRR Consultative Group india-cyclone-phailin-destruction- innovative approaches to creating reduction-win-global-attention Meeting took place on November preparation) to discuss how, through and communicating disaster risk. 13-14, 2013, in Washington, DC. The years of massive disaster risk April Participants were part of a global group took stock of progress over mitigation and preparation efforts, the Resilience Dialogue—Saving Lives, community of over 2,900 experts the last six months and provided country avoided mass casualties and Protecting Livelihoods: Building and practitioners in the field of a platform for discussion on key widespread destruction. Resilience in a Changing World: The disaster risk assessment. priorities, including GFDRR’s new i live.worldbank.org/how-india- World Bank, GFDRR, the government i www.understandrisk. monitoring and evaluation framework. weathered-cyclone-phailin-live-chat of Japan, the European org/2014URFORUM Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 83 Annexes 84 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 85 Annex 1. Results Report RISK RISK FINANCIAL RESILIENT IDENTIFICATION REDUCTION PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RECOVERY The following table summarizes the results delivered in each country that GFDRR supported in FY14. Strategies for risk reduction Post-disaster assessments Contingency planning and emergency preparedness Catastrophe risk market Sovereign disaster risk RISK RISK FINANCIAL RESILIENT Forecasting services Early warning systems Land use planning IDENTIFICATION REDUCTION PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RECOVERY Policies and legal Risk assessments Hazard mapping Data platforms Building codes Strategies for risk reduction development and planning frameworks Post-disaster assessments investment Contingency planning and emergency preparedness Catastrophe risk market financing Sovereign disaster risk Forecasting services Early warning systems Land use planning Policies and legal Risk assessments Hazard mapping   Data platforms Building codes East Asia and Pacific development and planning frameworks investment Single-Country financing Fiji Indonesia   Africa Kiribati Single-Country Lao PDR Burkina Faso Mongolia Burundi Papua New Guinea Comoros Philippines Ethiopia Solomon Islands Gambia, The Timor-Leste Ghana Tonga Lesotho Vanuatu Liberia Vietnam Malawi Regional and Multi-Country Mali Asia and Pacific Regions Mozambique Pacific Islands Namibia East Asia and Pacific Niger Europe and Central Asia Nigeria Single-Country Rwanda Albania Senegal Armenia Seychelles Bosnia and Herzegovina Sierra Leone Kyrgyz Republic Sudan Moldova Tanzania Serbia Togo Turkey Regional and Multi-Country Regional and Multi-Country Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Central Asia Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Europe and Central Asia Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Global Uganda Global Comoros, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda Indian Ocean Countries Sahel Region Sub-Saharan Africa 86 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 87 RISK RISK FINANCIAL RESILIENT RISK RISK FINANCIAL RESILIENT IDENTIFICATION REDUCTION PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RECOVERY IDENTIFICATION REDUCTION PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RECOVERY Strategies for risk reduction Strategies for risk reduction Post-disaster assessments Post-disaster assessments Contingency planning and Contingency planning and emergency preparedness emergency preparedness Catastrophe risk market Catastrophe risk market Sovereign disaster risk Sovereign disaster risk Forecasting services Forecasting services Early warning systems Early warning systems Land use planning Land use planning Policies and legal Policies and legal Risk assessments Risk assessments Hazard mapping Hazard mapping Data platforms Data platforms Building codes Building codes development development and planning and planning frameworks frameworks investment investment financing financing     Latin America and the Caribbean South Asia Single-Country Single-Country Belize Bangladesh Bolivia Bhutan Brazil India Colombia Nepal Costa Rica Pakistan Dominica Sri Lanka Dominican Republic Regional and Multi-Country Ecuador Pakistan and Sri Lanka                           El Salvador South Asia     1                     Guatemala Guyana Haiti Panama St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Regional and Multi-Country Andean Region Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines Central America Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines Latin America and Caribbean Middle East and North Africa Single-Country Djibouti Saudi Arabia Regional and Multi-Country Middle East and North Africa                           West Bank and Gaza 88 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Annual Report 2014 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 89 Annex 2. Financial Report Table 2. Contribution Received and Receivable by Donor, FY07-FY14 (in US$ millions) FY15-FY20 Table 1. Sources and Uses of Funds (in US$ millions) Contribution % Share FY07 – FY14 Contribution Received Cumulative Change Receivable Total Pledged of Total   FY07-FY14 FY14 FY13 FY14 - FY13 Country FY14 FY07- FY13 Total (Est.) Contributions (1) Contributions Japan 20.0 12.0 32.0 80.0 112.0 24.0% Opening Balance 130.3 117.4 European Union 15.0 64.1 79.1 6.0 85.1 18.3% Total Contributions Received 400.5 95.7 49.8 United Kingdom 41.2 31.9 73.0 0.2 73.2 15.7% Track II, Track III, ACP-EU, and Japan-World Bank Trust Funds (1) 369.5 95.2 47.8 Australia 4.1 33.1 37.2 – 37.2 8.0% World Bank Group-DGF (2) 31.0 0.5 2.0 Sweden – 32.2 32.2 – 32.2 6.9% World Bank Administration Fees (14.9) (3.4) (2.0) Denmark 3.7 12.7 16.3 10.0 26.3 5.7% Investment Income 4.0 0.4 0.4 Germany 5.4 18.6 24.1 – 24.1 5.2% Net Sources of Funds (3) 389.6 92.8 48.1 +93% Norway 2.9 11.6 14.5 – 14.5 3.1% Total Project Disbursements 187.9 33.0 31.4 Spain – 10.0 10.0 0.3 10.3 2.2% Secretariat Program Management and Administration 16.2 4.7 3.7 Netherlands – 8.7 8.7 – 8.7 1.9% Total Uses of Funds 204.1 37.7 35.1 +7% Switzerland 0.9 7.6 8.5 – 8.5 1.8% Ending Balance 185.5 185.5 130.3 Luxembourg 0.4 7.4 7.8 – 7.8 1.7% Cumulative Undisbursed Grant Commitment (4) 99.7 99.7 75.4 Italy 0.7 6.8 7.5 – 7.5 1.6% Fund Availability (All Tracks) (5) 85.8 85.8 54.9 +56% United States – 5.0 5.0 – 5.0 1.1% ACP/EU SDTF 33.2 Canada – 3.1 3.1 – 3.1 0.7% Japan-World Bank SDTF 18.0 Austria – 3.1 3.1 – 3.1 0.7% Ireland 0.8 1.7 2.6 – 2.6 0.5% Track II MDTFs 23.5 Brazil – 1.7 1.7 – 1.7 0.4% Track II SDTFs 5.2 France – 1.6 1.6 – 1.6 0.3% Track III MDTFs 5.8 South Korea – 0.9 0.9 – 0.9 0.2% (1) Track II Multi-Donor Trust Funds (MDTFs) include: (i) Core Funds and (ii) South-South Cooperation Funds; India 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1% Track II Single-Donor Trust Funds (SDTFs) include: (i) Australia SDTF, Japan SDTF, and Spain SDTF; and Track III Multi-Donor Trust Funds (MDTFs) include: (i) Technical Assistance (TA) Fund and (ii) Callable Fund. Total Member Contributions 95.2 274.2 369.5 96.6 466.1 100.0% (2) World Bank Group-DGF (Development Grant Facility) grants are received from the World Bank Group and are disbursed directly to partners. World Bank Group-DGF 0.5 30.5 31.0 – 31.0 (3) Net Sources of Funds = Total Contribution Received – World Bank Administration Fee + Investment Income. TOTAL 95.7 304.7 400.5 96.6 497.1   (4) Cumulative Undisbursed Grant Commitments is the difference between Total Grant Commitments and Total Grant Disbursements. (1) Total Contributions = FY07-FY14 Contributions Received + FY15-FY20 Contribution Receivable. (5) Fund Availability refers to the uncommitted resources available for GFDRR to finance new grants, and is the difference between the Ending Balance and Cumulative Undisbursed Grant Commitments. 90 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Table 3. GFDRR Grant Commitments for Program Activities,(1) DGF Grant, and Secretariat Program Management and Administration, FY07-FY14 (in US$ millions) Cumulative Grant Commitments FY07-FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY07-FY13 Program Activities 65.6 46.0 36.1 40.5 61.3 249.4 ACP/EU SDTF – – 2.2 19.1 10.3 31.7 Track II MDTFs 50.1 35.5 27.2 16.5 21.7 150.9 Track II SDTFs 5.4 2.3 4.7 3.2 0.3 16.0 Track III MDTFs 10.1 5.8 2.2 1.7 29.1 48.9 Track III SDTF – 2.3 (0.3) – – 2.0 World Bank Group-DGF Grants 20.0 4.3 4.3 2.0 0.5 31.0 Secretariat Program Management and Administration 4.6 1.5 4.6 10.7 1.8 23.3 TOTAL 90.2 51.7 45.0 53.2 63.6 303.7 (1) Grant Commitments for Program Activities refer to grants awarded to GFDRR implementing partners, including World Bank operational task teams and recipient countries, after GFDRR review and subsequent completion of World Bank’s grant funding request process. Table 4. GFDRR Grant Disbursement(1) for Program Activities, DGF Grant, and Secretariat Program Management and Administration, FY07-FY14 (in US$ millions) Cumulative Grant Disbursements FY07-FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY07-FY13 Program Activities 37.4 24.5 33.1 29.4 32.5 156.9 ACP/EU SDTF – – 0.6 2.9 6.0 9.5 Track II MDTFs 28.1 17.1 25.7 20.7 20.4 111.9 Track II SDTFs 2.4 1.4 1.8 3.2 3.4 12.3 Track III MDTFs 6.8 5.8 3.3 2.5 2.7 21.1 Track III SDTF – 0.2 1.8 – – 2.0 World Bank Group-DGF Grants 20.0 4.3 4.3 2.0 0.5 31.0 Secretariat Program Management and Administration 4.0 1.6 2.2 3.7 4.7 16.2 TOTAL 61.4 30.3 39.6 35.1 37.7 204.1 (1) Grant disbursement refers to the actual expenditure incurred by implementing partners to deliver the agreed output and outcomes. Table 5. GFDRR Secretariat Expenditures, FY07-FY14 (in US$ millions) Expense Type FY07-FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 Total Staff Costs (1) 2.8 1.2 1.8 3.4 3.1 12.4 Travel (2) 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.5 1.9 Other Expenses (3) 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.9 TOTAL 4.0 1.6 2.2 3.7 4.7 16.2 (1) Staff Costs included salaries and benefits for GFDRR staff and Extended Term Consultant and Extended Term Temporary. (2) Travel included travel expenses of GFDRR staff, candidates/interviewees for GFDRR positions, Annual Meeting participants, and other participants in GFDRR- sponsored events. (3) Other Expenses included overhead expenses, the use of short-term consultants and other contractual services (e.g. editing, graphic design, translation, publishing and printing, representation, hospitality). Acronyms ACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific Cat-DDO Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option CCRIF Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility DGF Development Grant Facility DRM Disaster risk management EU European Union FY Fiscal year GDP Gross domestic product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery HFA Hyogo Framework for Action HOT Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team IDA International Development Association IMF International Monetary Fund JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MDG Millennium Development Goals MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund NGO Non-governmental organization OpenDRI Open Data for Resilience Initiative PCRAFI Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative SDTF Single-Donor Trust Fund SDGs Sustainable Development Goals WMO World Meteorological Organization UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNISDR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction USAID United States Agency for International Development The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and www.gfdrr.org Recovery (GFDRR) helps high-risk, low-income developing countries better understand and reduce their vulnerabilities to natural hazards, and adapt to climate change. Working with over 300 partners—mostly local government agencies, civil society, and technical organizations—GFDRR provides grant financing, on-the-ground technical assistance to mainstream disaster mitigation policies into country-level strategies, and a range of training and knowledge sharing activities. GFDRR is managed by the World Bank and funded by 25 donor partners.