72008 Health Equity and Financial Protection Datasheets E ast Asia and Pacific Acknowledgements These datasheets were produced by a task team consisting of Caryn Bredenkamp (Task Team Leader, Health Economist, HDNHE), Adam Wagstaff (Research Manager, DECHD), Leander Buisman (consultant), Leah Prencipe (consultant) and Devon Rohr (consultant, graphic design), under the overall supervision of the Sector Manager, HDNHE, Nicole Klingen. The financial contributions of the Rapid Social Results Trust Fund (RSR-MDTF) and the Trust Fund for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (TFESSD) are gratefully acknowledged. Table of contents Cambodia......................................................................................................5 China..............................................................................................................7 Indonesia...................................................................................................... 9 Laos PDR..................................................................................................... 11 Malaysia.......................................................................................................14 Mongolia.....................................................................................................16 Myanmar.................................................................................................... 20 Philippines................................................................................................. 22 Thailand...................................................................................................... 25 Timor-Leste............................................................................................... 26 Vanuatu...................................................................................................... 27 Vietnam...................................................................................................... 28 Interpretation of Results Measurement of Indicators HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet CAM BODIA the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2000 1a outcoMeS infant mortality rate 115.7 112.6 90.7 94.7 54.9 97.6 -0.107*** under-five mortality rate 156.7 142.8 111.3 119.8 65.5 123.9 -0.131*** Stunting 57 .1% 51.4% 47.7% 46.5% 33.5% 48.9% -0.080*** underweight 46.2% 41.4% 36.6% 36.4% 33.7% 39.7% -0.065*** diarrhea 19.6% 20.2% 18.0% 19.8% 16.1% 19.0% -0.029* acute respiratory infection 18.6% 20.8% 19.8% 21.6% 19.8% 20.0% 0.024 Fever 34.2% 35.5% 33.9% 39.5% 36.6% 35.7% 0.023** 2005 1b infant mortality rate 109.7 115.2 107.4 81.0 35.6 94.9 -0.134*** under-five mortality rate 155.9 159.7 134.0 111.1 50.9 130.0 -0.142*** Stunting 52.4% 46.3% 43.0% 38.0% 23.1% 42.0% -0.129*** underweight 34.1% 32.2% 26.9% 27.7% 15.9% 28.3% -0.121*** diarrhea 22.5% 21.3% 19.2% 18.8% 14.1% 19.7% -0.080*** acute respiratory infection 19.9% 17.8% 14.0% 12.9% 8.0% 15.3% -0.157*** Fever 39.7% 36.1% 37.1% 32.0% 30.3% 35.6% -0.053*** 2010 1c infant mortality rate 80.3 72.3 64.8 43.3 24.6 60.7 -0.189*** under-five mortality rate 103.1 101.1 78.9 52.6 31.7 79.0 -0.189*** Stunting 47.9% 43.7% 39.7% 31.2% 22.7% 38.5% -0.131*** underweight 35.1% 32.9% 29.1% 22.9% 15.5% 28.2% -0.139*** diarrhea 18.5% 15.8% 15.1% 12.3% 10.8% 15.0% -0.107*** acute respiratory infection 13.6% 11.1% 11.8% 10.0% 6.7% 11.0% -0.106*** Fever 30.3% 26.9% 28.7% 29.9% 24.5% 28.3% -0.023* adult HealtH1a,1b,1c,3, q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2000 1a obesity among non-pregnant 0.6% 0.9% 0.5% 1.2% 2.1% 1.1% 0.258*** women 2005 1b obesity among non-pregnant 0.1% 0.8% 0.5% 0.8% 3.2% 1.2% 0.493*** women HiV positive 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.7% 1.2% 0.6% 0.247*** 2010 1c obesity among non-pregnant 0.3% 0.7% 0.7% 1.9% 2.6% 1.3% 0.353*** women inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1a,1b,1c,2,3, q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2005 1b Smoking (women) 23.5% 14.5% 11.0% 6.2% 2.0% 10.9% -0.398*** concurrent partnerships 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 1.3% 0.4% 0.508*** Mosquito net use by children 7.4% 4.7% 3.8% 1.4% 1.0% 4.1% -0.344*** 2010 1c Smoking (women) 15.9% 10.3% 7.1% 3.2% 0.8% 7.0% -0.438*** concurrent partnerships 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.179* 5 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild HealtH q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care interVentionS1a,1b,1c,2 utiliZation 2000 1a Full immunization 28.6% 35.4% 38.2% 45.6% 67.6% 40.0% 0.150*** treatment of diarrhea 10.9% 16.3% 18.8% 25.3% 43.9% 20.2% 0.245*** Medical treatment of ari 31.5% 30.1% 33.7% 43.2% 52.3% 36.7% 0.109*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 2.6% 5.3% 4.6% 7.9% 32.3% 9.0% 0.490*** Skilled birth attendance 14.9% 21.6% 28.1% 42.5% 81.5% 33.0% 0.332*** contraceptive prevalence 13.3% 15.6% 15.5% 16.5% 16.2% 15.5% 0.030** among women 2005 1b Full immunization 56.4% 66.6% 66.6% 75.7% 76.7% 67.0% 0.065*** treatment of diarrhea 38.5% 34.3% 38.7% 35.3% 28.9% 35.9% -0.032 Medical treatment of ari 43.3% 46.0% 50.6% 63.7% 67.9% 50.1% 0.090*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 14.8% 19.2% 21.5% 31.0% 58.0% 27.1% 0.286*** Skilled birth attendance 20.8% 29.7% 39.7% 63.9% 90.7% 44.6% 0.310*** contraceptive prevalence 23.8% 24.4% 23.7% 20.5% 16.4% 21.5% -0.077*** among women 2010 1c Full immunization 66.2% 77.5% 82.7% 85.5% 88.0% 79.0% 0.062*** treatment of diarrhea 30.3% 30.5% 37.4% 33.7% 34.6% 32.7% 0.034 Medical treatment of ari 75.6% 72.8% 79.1% 72.5% 88.4% 76.5% 0.026* Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 43.5% 52.1% 58.9% 71.3% 82.9% 60.1% 0.141*** Skilled birth attendance 49.5% 64.2% 75.4% 87.2% 97.3% 71.9% 0.143*** note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1a=2000 cambodia demographic and Health Survey, 1b=2005 cambodia demographic and Health Survey, 1c=2010 cambodia demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - cambodia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: Francis dobbs, 1999 6 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet china the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2002 3 outcoMeS tuberculosis 6.4% 3.1% 1.6% 2.0% 1.7% 3.0% -0.300 obesity among non-pregnant 2.2% 0.9% 1.0% 0.8% 2.4% 1.5% 0.055 women road traffic accident 0.7% 2.1% 0.6% 0.0% 2.8% 1.2% 0.147 non-road traffic accident 3.6% 0.9% 0.7% 1.3% 0.9% 1.5% -0.227* angina 2.7% 1.6% 4.2% 1.6% 0.5% 2.1% -0.173*** arthritis 20.9% 15.7% 16.5% 12.4% 10.6% 15.2% -0.124*** asthma 4.4% 2.9% 2.3% 0.3% 0.7% 2.1% -0.397*** depression 0.4% 0.3% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% -0.404*** diabetes 0.5% 0.7% 2.3% 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 0.163* difficulty with work and 5.0% 2.8% 1.9% 1.9% 1.2% 2.6% -0.290*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 15.1% 8.2% 8.6% 3.5% 1.8% 7.4% -0.353*** status inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2002 3 Smoking (all) 39.8% 34.6% 28.0% 25.3% 22.2% 30.0% -0.121*** Smoking (women) 4.0% 0.3% 1.5% 2.2% 0.8% 1.8% -0.232 insufficient intake of fruit and 90.8% 94.6% 96.6% 99.0% 97.7% 95.8% 0.017*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 6.8% 17.0% 15.3% 15.3% 23.5% 15.6% 0.180*** drinking 4.2% 5.7% 4.2% 3.7% 3.3% 4.2% -0.087 concurrent partnerships 0.2% 1.2% 0.8% 0.9% 0.1% 0.6% -0.075 inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2002 3 utiliZation tB screening 2.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.0% 1.9% 1.5% 0.004 cervical cancer screening 13.7% 24.5% 33.9% 39.1% 47 .7% 35.9% 0.160*** Breast cancer screening 1.6% 20.2% 27 .7% 19.4% 35.5% 21.4% 0.269*** adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2002 3 inpatient or outpatient 45.8% 42.1% 44.1% 37.7% 58.4% 45.6% 0.042*** (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 5.3% 7.8% 8.6% 6.0% 6.3% 6.8% 0.011 inpatient (5 years) 13.0% 12.6% 14.7% 20.2% 14.4% 15.0% 0.069** outpatient (12 months) 41.5% 34.7% 36.3% 32.4% 54.1% 39.9% 0.057*** 7 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending 2002 3 Headcount 39.8% 30.0% 21.7% 12.7% 6.5% concentration index 0.058 0.061 0.086 0.172 0.265 threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending 2002 3 Headcount 45.6% 39.9% 34.5% 25.4% 15.4% concentration index 0.042 0.029 0.028 0.032 0.086 iMPoVeriSHMent Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2002 3 Percentage in poverty 13.8% 17.5% 3.7 pp 26.5% average shortfall from the $0.05 $0.07 $0.02 34.0% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.37 $0.39 $0.02 5.9% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2002 3 Percentage in poverty 32.5% 37.9% 5.4 pp 16.6% average shortfall from the $0.22 $0.27 $0.05 23.5% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.68 $0.72 $0.04 5.9% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using china’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2002 china World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - china. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: curt carnemark, 1996 8 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet INDONESIA the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 1997 1a outcoMeS infant mortality rate 87.3 59.4 54.8 41.2 24.0 56.1 -0.217*** under-five mortality rate 121.1 90.8 70.1 54.7 26.4 77.5 -0.244*** diarrhea 9.7% 8.5% 8.4% 8.6% 5.9% 8.3% -0.072*** acute respiratory infection 10.4% 9.7% 8.3% 9.3% 6.9% 9.0% -0.071*** Fever 26.7% 25.4% 25.3% 28.3% 23.5% 25.9% -0.009 2002-03 1b infant mortality rate 62.5 54.9 44.3 37.1 15.8 44.2 -0.201*** under-five mortality rate 90.3 75.1 61.9 50.1 20.8 61.5 -0.210*** diarrhea 10.0% 13.0% 12.0% 12.1% 8.2% 11.1% -0.030 acute respiratory infection 8.4% 8.9% 7.6% 8.0% 5.2% 7.7% -0.076*** Fever 24.7% 30.4% 26.6% 27.8% 20.8% 26.1% -0.025** 2007 1c infant mortality rate 63.8 48.8 36.8 31.3 27.6 42.8 -0.185*** under-five mortality rate 94.2 63.1 46.1 41.8 34.1 57.9 -0.221*** diarrhea 17.9% 14.9% 12.5% 13.1% 9.7% 13.8% -0.114*** acute respiratory infection 14.2% 12.7% 10.8% 10.0% 8.5% 11.4% -0.105*** Fever 35.3% 33.8% 35.2% 30.6% 23.5% 31.9% -0.070*** inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2007 1c Smoking (women) 3.2% 2.9% 2.6% 2.9% 3.2% 3.0% -0.017 Mosquito net use by children 6.4% 5.1% 3.3% 1.8% 1.5% 3.8% -0.296*** Mosquito net use by pregnant 8.1% 3.2% 5.0% 0.6% 0.8% 3.2% -0.438*** women 9 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild HealtH q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care interVentionS1a,1b,1c,2 utiliZation 1997 1a Full immunization 43.0% 47.5% 56.5% 59.4% 72.3% 55.1% 0.105*** treatment of diarrhea 54.2% 47.5% 42.5% 47.0% 46.3% 48.1% -0.035 Medical treatment of ari 52.1% 68.4% 73.1% 79.2% 80.2% 68.7% 0.086*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 37.3% 58.5% 68.0% 78.6% 90.4% 65.0% 0.164*** Skilled birth attendance 21.5% 34.7% 49.3% 65.0% 89.5% 49.8% 0.269*** 2002-03 1b Full immunization 37.1% 47.0% 52.8% 58.6% 64.8% 51.8% 0.107*** treatment of diarrhea 52.3% 45.5% 48.1% 51.3% 46.7% 48.9% -0.012 Medical treatment of ari 47.3% 64.3% 60.9% 67.3% 74.3% 61.4% 0.076*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 57.4% 77.2% 82.8% 90.2% 95.9% 80.3% 0.095*** Skilled birth attendance 39.8% 57.3% 69.1% 80.7% 94.1% 67.2% 0.163*** 2007 1c Full immunization 39.9% 53.8% 58.3% 68.2% 75.0% 58.9% 0.121*** treatment of diarrhea 47.3% 47.4% 48.8% 46.3% 38.8% 46.3% -0.027 Medical treatment of ari 54.1% 61.1% 75.8% 74.5% 77.1% 66.4% 0.086*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 31.5% 48.9% 55.3% 65.6% 59.5% 51.8% 0.118*** Skilled birth attendance 23.5% 42.9% 55.5% 69.0% 80.3% 53.0% 0.223*** contraceptive prevalence 65.6% 70.5% 67.2% 68.0% 65.4% 67.4% -0.005 among women note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1a=1997 indonesia demographic and Health Survey, 1b=2002-03 indonesia demographic and Health Survey, 1c=2007 indonesia demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - indonesia. Washington, d.c.: the World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: curt carnemark, 1992 10 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet L ao PDR the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2003 3 outcoMeS Malaria 11.3% 17.5% 6.4% 2.9% 1.3% 7.9% -0.385*** 2006 2 Stunting 58.9% 51.0% 46.7% 40.3% 23.9% 47.7% -0.123*** underweight 39.3% 32.6% 34.4% 24.9% 14.8% 31.7% -0.124*** diarrhea 16.5% 13.1% 10.8% 9.6% 8.1% 12.4% -0.139*** acute respiratory infection 13.3% 12.5% 11.0% 12.7% 9.6% 12.1% -0.048* Fever 14.3% 16.2% 14.1% 18.0% 13.8% 15.2% 0.017 adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tuberculosis 9.9% 10.5% 6.0% 5.4% 3.6% 7.0% -0.217*** obesity among all women 1.4% 2.1% 0.9% 1.7% 2.2% 1.7% 0.070 road traffic accident 0.5% 0.9% 1.2% 3.2% 6.7% 2.5% 0.480*** non-road traffic accident 1.6% 1.7% 1.4% 1.9% 2.3% 1.8% 0.071 angina 4.3% 5.4% 5.5% 4.9% 3.8% 4.8% -0.017 arthritis 6.8% 9.5% 7.7% 8.4% 9.4% 8.4% 0.032 asthma 4.8% 5.3% 3.3% 1.8% 1.2% 3.3% -0.254*** depression 1.2% 2.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 0.076 diabetes 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 1.9% 0.6% 0.483 difficulty with work and 3.6% 3.2% 3.8% 3.0% 2.6% 3.2% -0.055 household activities Poor self-assessed health 5.2% 4.0% 4.4% 2.6% 2.4% 3.7% -0.163*** status riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci inequalitieS in riSky BeHaVior 2003 3 Smoking (all) 54.5% 48.5% 40.7% 31.0% 22.4% 39.3% -0.172*** Smoking (women) 29.0% 22.7% 11.1% 6.6% 1.2% 14.2% -0.419*** insufficient intake of fruit and 84.8% 80.3% 80.0% 79.6% 77.6% 80.4% -0.013*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 0.7% 0.4% 0.3% 0.9% 2.1% 0.9% 0.311*** drinking 11.5% 11.7% 12.2% 12.8% 22.2% 14.1% 0.139*** concurrent partnership 0.1% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.4% 0.2% -0.032 2006 2 Mosquito net use by children 37.4% 38.6% 52.8% 41.7% 19.1% 39.5% -0.015 11 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2 utiliZation 2006 2 Full immunization 58.8% 68.0% 83.2% 85.3% 92.4% 76.7% 0.090*** treatment of diarrhea 47.4% 43.5% 48.7% 58.9% 84.7% 50.8% 0.075*** adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tB screening 0.2% 0.9% 1.5% 1.3% 2.1% 1.2% 0.297*** Breast cancer screening 0.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 5.9% 1.6% 0.726*** adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 inpatient or outpatient 11.8% 14.2% 19.8% 20.8% 26.3% 18.6% 0.163*** (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 2.6% 3.7% 4.6% 3.4% 5.0% 3.9% 0.101** inpatient (5 years) 9.1% 11.6% 13.2% 14.9% 17.5% 13.3% 0.124*** outpatient (12 months) 9.2% 10.9% 15.3% 18.3% 21.8% 14.9% 0.183*** threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 45.9% 35.1% 26.7% 16.2% 9.9% concentration index -0.006 -0.027** -0.044** -0.033 -0.018 threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 61.8% 56.3% 51.2% 41.1% 31.1% concentration index 0.005 -0.023*** -0.046*** -0.076*** -0.113*** iMPoVeriSHMent3 Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 67.4% 72.1% 4.7 pp 7.0% average shortfall from the $0.47 $0.53 $0.06 12.5% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.70 $0.73 $0.04 5.2% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 82.5% 85.6% 3.2 pp 3.9% average shortfall from the $1.04 $1.13 $0.09 8.5% poverty line average shortfall from the $1.26 $1.32 $0.06 4.5% poverty line, among the poor 12 note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using lao Pdr’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2006 lao Pdr Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 lao Pdr World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - lao Pdr. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. 13 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet mal aysia the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2003 3 outcoMeS Malaria 0.5% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% -0.672*** adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tuberculosis 6.6% 5.4% 4.8% 6.0% 4.9% 5.6% -0.042 road traffic accident 6.0% 4.5% 4.9% 4.8% 2.7% 4.6% -0.110* non-road traffic accident 6.2% 5.0% 4.1% 4.1% 2.8% 4.4% -0.143*** angina 4.0% 3.9% 1.9% 3.9% 3.8% 3.5% -0.019 arthritis 10.4% 10.1% 8.7% 8.5% 7.5% 9.0% -0.062** asthma 6.4% 5.4% 6.5% 5.4% 6.2% 6.0% -0.011 depression 3.2% 2.5% 3.3% 1.9% 2.1% 2.6% -0.117** diabetes 3.2% 4.8% 6.1% 6.6% 5.8% 5.3% 0.122*** difficulty with work and 2.9% 2.6% 2.1% 1.1% 0.4% 1.8% -0.298*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 8.0% 4.1% 3.8% 2.2% 1.8% 4.0% -0.281*** status riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci inequalitieS in 2003 3 riSky BeHaVior Smoking (all) 35.4% 25.3% 25.3% 23.0% 18.7% 25.5% -0.118*** insufficient intake of fruit and 90.5% 87.1% 84.4% 82.5% 81.2% 85.1% -0.022 vegetables insufficient physical activity 1.4% 2.3% 1.4% 2.0% 2.9% 2.0% 0.090*** drinking 2.0% 1.9% 2.5% 2.4% 3.1% 2.4% 0.087 inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2003 3 utiliZation tB screening 2.2% 2.8% 1.9% 1.4% 1.6% 2.0% -0.112* Voluntary counseling and 79.5% 92.3% 86.3% 88.2% 88.5% 87.2% 0.010 testing for HiV cervical cancer screening 81.0% 79.0% 74.5% 87.2% 86.1% 82.0% 0.020* Breast cancer screening 7.1% 6.3% 11.4% 14.0% 18.7% 12.0% 0.235*** adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 inpatient or outpatient 50.8% 49.0% 46.7% 49.0% 51.7% 49.4% 0.005 (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 8.8% 10.2% 9.3% 6.6% 8.7% 8.7% -0.032 inpatient (5 years) 25.2% 26.9% 26.8% 24.3% 24.7% 25.6% -0.007 outpatient (12 months) 43.1% 40.3% 36.7% 39.7% 42.7% 40.5% -0.000 14 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 20.2% 10.8% 6.7% 3.6% 2.6% concentration index 0.066*** 0.042 0.016 0.025 -0.140 threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 27.6% 20.3% 14.0% 8.0% 5.0% concentration index 0.055*** -0.005 -0.034 -0.077** -0.158*** iMPoVeriSHMent Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 11.9% 12.4% 0.5 pp 4.0% average shortfall from the $0.06 $0.06 $0.00 4.8% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.46 $0.46 $0.00 0.7% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 26.3% 27.8% 1.5 pp 5.7% average shortfall from the 9.9 10.4 0.5 4.8% poverty line average shortfall from the 37.2 36.8 -0.3 -0.9% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using Malaysia’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 Malaysia World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Malaysia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: curt carnemark 15 health eQUity aNd FiNaNCial PrOteCtiON dataSheet Mongolia the health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and health Surveys (dhS), World health Surveys (WhS), Multiple indicator Cluster Surveys (MiCS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. iNeQUalitieS Child health1,2,3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci iN health 2005 2 OUtCOMeS Stunting 32.2% 33.7% 26.2% 20.0% 19.2% 27 .1% -0.122*** Underweight 7.3% 6.8% 4.2% 4.1% 3.2% 5.4% -0.190*** diarrhea 8.3% 7.2% 6.5% 5.2% 4.9% 6.6% -0.107*** acute respiratory infection 16.8% 16.1% 16.6% 12.5% 17.3% 16.0% -0.019 iNeQUalitieS MaterNal aNd Child Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci iN health Care health iNterveNtiONS1,2 UtilizatiON 2005 2 Full immunization 91.0% 95.7% 96.9% 96.5% 96.7% 95.2% 0.013** treatment of diarrhea 62.4% 62.5% 64.3% 61.4% 63.5% 62.8% 0.006 Medical treatment of ari 54.8% 67.4% 76.1% 79.6% 71.8% 68.4% 0.072*** Contraceptive prevalence 63.5% 59.2% 55.6% 56.3% 48.9% 56.5% -0.046 among women adUlt PreveNtive Care2,3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci 2005 2 voluntary counseling and 83.2% 92.7% 93.6% 95.9% 95.8% 94.2% 0.015*** testing for hiv UtilizatiON - OUtPatieNt Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci (12 MONthS)4 2007-08 4 Soum hospital/ family group 18.7% 13.9% 18.5% 17.0% 17.1% 17.1% 0.000 practice aimag and central hospital 19.9% 18.6% 26.8% 34.4% 48.7% 29.7% 0.208*** all public 39.0% 32.6% 45.5% 51.7% 66.3% 47.0% 0.133*** Private 1.8% 2.1% 4.1% 5.3% 17.3% 6.1% 0.482*** UtilizatiON - iNPatieNt Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci (12 MONthS)4 2007-08 4 Soum hospital/ family group 3.6% 2.4% 2.4% 2.0% 1.5% 2.4% -0.165*** practice aimag and central hospital 4.9% 4.9% 5.0% 6.0% 7.3% 5.6% 0.085*** all public 8.6% 7.4% 7.5% 8.1% 8.9% 8.1% 0.013*** Private 0.5% 0.6% 1.0% 1.3% 2.3% 1.2% 0.316*** 16 beNeFit UtilizatiON - PUbliC Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci iNCideNCe FaCilitieS4 aNalySiS 2007-08 4 Outpatient soum hospital/ 18.7% 13.9% 18.5% 17.0% 17.1% 17.1% 0.000 family group practice Outpatient aimag and central 19.9% 18.6% 26.8% 34.4% 48.7% 29.7% 0.208*** hospital inpatient soum hospital/ 3.6% 2.4% 2.4% 2.0% 1.5% 2.4% -0.165*** family group practice inpatient aimag and central 4.9% 4.9% 5.0% 6.0% 7.3% 5.6% 0.085*** hospital FeeS Paid at PUbliC Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci FaCilitieS (ShareS)4 2007-08 4 Outpatient soum hospital/ 8.7 9.8 19.3 22.7 39.5 0.303*** family group practice Outpatient aimag and central 2.7 4.4 10.5 18.2 64.2 0.609*** hospital inpatient soum hospital/ 14.9 21.3 24.7 20.1 19.0 0.036 family group practice inpatient aimag and central 7.0 12.2 12.8 23.4 44.5 0.368*** hospital health Care SUbSidieS (ShareS)4,5 2007-08 4 total Constant Unit Cost Method Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci Share (lCU) Outpatient soum hospital/ 25.3 18.0 22.0 18.4 16.3 11,575 -0.072*** 11.4% family group practice Outpatient aimag and central 18.5 15.0 19.3 23.0 24.2 26,704 0.078*** 26.3% hospital inpatient soum hospital/ 30.6 20.1 20.2 17.1 12.0 16,956 -0.171*** 16.7% family group practice inpatient aimag and central 18.8 18.0 18.4 20.8 24.0 46,198 0.053*** 45.5% hospital total subsidies 21.5 17.6 19.4 20.5 21.1 101,534 0.008 100% total Constant Unit Subsidy Method Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci Share (lCU) Outpatient soum hospital/ 22.0 16.4 21.6 20.0 20.1 11,575 -0.001 11.4% family group practice Outpatient aimag and central 13.7 12.3 18.1 23.1 32.8 26,704 0.208** 26.3% hospital inpatient soum hospital/ 30.2 20.2 20.3 17.2 12.2 16,956 -0.164*** 16.7% family group practice inpatient aimag and central 17.6 17.4 17.8 21.2 26.0 46,198 0.085*** 45.5% hospital total subsidies 19.9 16.9 18.8 20.6 23.7 101,534 0.047*** 100% total Proportional Cost Method Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci Share (lCU) Outpatient soum hospital/ 8.7 9.8 19.3 22.7 39.5 11,575 0.303*** 11.4% Family group practice Outpatient aimag and central 2.7 4.4 10.5 18.2 64.2 26,704 0.609*** 26.3% hospital inpatient soum hospital/ 14.9 21.3 24.7 20.1 19.0 16,956 0.036 16.7% Family group practice inpatient aimag and central 7.0 12.2 12.8 23.4 44.5 46,198 0.368*** 45.5% hospital total subsidies 8.0 12.4 15.5 21.8 42.3 101,534 0.336*** 100% 17 threshold share of total household consumption FiNaNCial CataStrOPhiC OUt-OF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% PrOteCtiON POCket SPeNdiNg4 2007-08 4 headcount 17.7% 10.0% 6.3% 3.4% 1.3% Concentration index 0.133*** 0.201*** 0.265*** 0.334*** 0.546*** threshold share of nonfood consumption CataStrOPhiC OUt-OF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% POCket SPeNdiNg4 2007-08 4 headcount 24.8% 16.2% 11.6% 6.5% 3.3% Concentration index 0.052*** 0.080*** 0.095*** 0.172*** 0.228*** iMPOveriShMeNt4 Poverty line at US$1.25 per Consumption Consumption Change % change capita per day including OOP excluding OOP 2007-08 4 Percentage in poverty 1.3% 1.5% 0.2 pp 12.0% average shortfall from the $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 21.6% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.21 $0.23 $0.02 8.5% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at US$2.00 per Consumption Consumption Change % change capita per day including OOP excluding OOP 2007-08 4 Percentage in poverty 10.6% 11.8% 1.1 pp 10.6% average shortfall from the $0.04 $0.05 $0.01 14.3% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.38 $0.39 $0.01 3.4% poverty line, among the poor PrOgreSSivity PrOgreSSivity OF health Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci/gini kakwani Share OF health SPeNdiNg (ShareS)4 FiNaNCiNg 2007-08 4 Consumption 7.3 11.4 15.8 22.2 43.4 0.358*** 7.8% direct taxes 3.4 9.3 12.1 18.8 56.4 0.503*** 0.144*** 24.8% indirect taxes vat 9.4 11.6 16.1 21.8 41.2 0.320*** -.0384** 24.8% excise 1.4 5.0 9.5 19.3 64.7 0.608*** 0.250*** 13.7% import 9.5 10.2 14.5 20.9 45.0 0.359*** 0.000 9.6% Shi 7.6 11.4 14.8 22.5 43.8 0.360*** 0.002 27.5% Out-of-pocket spending 3.6 5.9 10.4 20.5 59.6 0.560*** 0.202*** 16.7% total payments 6.4 9.4 13.4 21.1 49.7 0.428*** 0.070*** 100% 18 Note: the health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WhS, dhS and MiCS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. Q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) Ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using Mongolia’s consumer price index. lCU=local Currency Unit (Million Mongolian tugriks) data sources: 1=n/a demographic and health Survey, 2=2005 Mongolia Multiple indicator Cluster Survey, 3=n/a World health Survey, 4=2007-08 Mongolia household Socio-economic Survey. recommended citation: World bank. 2012. health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Mongolia. Washington, d.C.: World bank. For more information and the latest versions of the health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: aparnaa Somanathan 19 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet M YANMAR the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2003 3 outcoMeS diarrhea 22.0% 19.1% 26.3% 5.4% 14.0% 17.7% -0.103 acute respiratory infection 18.9% 10.2% 14.8% 24.0% 5.1% 14.4% -0.105 Fever 81.9% 67.1% 87.7% 87 .9% 77.5% 79.9% 0.012 Malaria 4.2% 4.4% 6.9% 9.3% 6.9% 6.3% 0.166** adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tuberculosis 2.3% 1.4% 1.8% 1.1% 1.2% 1.5% -0.124* obesity among all women 16.1% 9.2% 13.6% 8.8% 10.8% 11.7% -0.081** road traffic accident 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 1.7% 0.8% 0.230*** non-road traffic accident 0.6% 0.7% 1.0% 1.2% 0.9% 0.9% 0.116 angina 1.7% 2.4% 2.8% 2.8% 4.6% 2.9% 0.190*** arthritis 3.5% 3.6% 4.6% 5.4% 6.0% 4.6% 0.116*** asthma 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.3% 2.9% 3.0% -0.002 depression 0.2% 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 0.5% 0.5% 0.131* diabetes 0.4% 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 1.3% 0.5% 0.397*** difficulty with work and 2.2% 1.1% 1.8% 2.1% 1.6% 1.8% -0.025 household activities Poor self-assessed health 2.6% 3.3% 3.0% 1.8% 1.9% 2.5% -0.109** status inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2003 3 Smoking (all) 40.2% 34.6% 31.9% 27.5% 20.1% 30.8% -0.127*** Smoking (women) 19.5% 14.3% 7.7% 3.7% 1.7% 9.6% -0.392*** insufficient intake of fruit and 87.2% 84.7% 83.5% 79.8% 83.4% 83.7% -0.012*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 39.1% 31.7% 31.6% 27.8% 21.8% 30.4% -0.106*** drinking 1.3% 1.4% 2.0% 1.0% 0.6% 1.3% -0.173*** inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2003 3 utiliZation tB screening 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 1.1% 1.5% 0.9% 0.210** cervical cancer screening 5.8% 1.7% 7.8% 0.0% 26.0% 7.4% 0.368*** Breast cancer screening 0.0% 0.2% 1.1% 1.0% 0.3% 0.5% 0.213 20 inequalitieS adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2003 3 utiliZation inpatient or outpatient (cont.) 18.1% 22.8% 22.7% 25.9% 28.7% 23.7% 0.092*** (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 1.2% 2.1% 1.6% 2.5% 2.5% 2.0% 0.124** inpatient (5 years) 3.0% 5.2% 5.2% 6.6% 8.7% 5.7% 0.189*** outpatient (12 months) 16.3% 21.5% 22.1% 24.3% 27.8% 22.4% 0.104*** threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 31.3% 16.0% 8.6% 3.2% 1.3% concentration index 0.051*** 0.052*** 0.162*** 0.462*** 0.620*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 56.7% 48.0% 40.0% 27.3% 17.7% concentration index 0.042*** 0.030*** 0.018* -0.008 -0.005 note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using Myanmar’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 Myanmar World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Myanmar. Washington, d.c.: the World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. 21 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet PHILIPPINES the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. . inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,1c,1d,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 1993 1a outcoMeS infant mortality rate 61.2 53.5 38.6 27.3 27.7 44.8 -0.177*** under-five mortality rate 102.3 85.8 70.0 34.3 41.0 72.1 -0.205*** diarrhea 8.0% 7.6% 7.2% 7.0% 4.6% 7.1% -0.053** acute respiratory infection 4.4% 4.9% 4.3% 4.0% 2.8% 4.2% -0.057* Fever 28.3% 28.5% 24.2% 22.8% 19.7% 25.5% -0.064*** 1998 1b infant mortality rate 55.8 47.6 37.2 26.3 22.2 41.1 -0.172*** under-five mortality rate 82.3 64.7 55.1 34.9 28.7 57.9 -0.190*** diarrhea 9.0% 7.6% 8.0% 6.3% 4.9% 7.5% -0.092*** acute respiratory infection 15.4% 13.6% 13.8% 12.6% 9.3% 13.4% -0.071*** Fever 26.8% 28.4% 27 .8% 25.6% 20.0% 26.3% -0.033*** 2003 1c infant mortality rate 44.0 33.6 26.3 23.1 19.5 31.2 -0.173*** under-five mortality rate 69.6 48.0 30.3 21.0 27.0 42.8 -0.237*** diarrhea 13.1% 10.9% 9.5% 9.3% 9.4% 10.8% -0.078*** acute respiratory infection 14.9% 11.0% 8.9% 7.9% 6.0% 10.4% -0.179*** Fever 28.2% 25.6% 23.0% 21.4% 18.3% 24.1% -0.084*** 2003 3 Malaria 2.7% 1.6% 5.1% 1.7% 0.0% 2.2% -0.169 2008 1d infant mortality rate 46.9 31.4 24.2 23.3 15.2 30.5 -0.192*** under-five mortality rate 66.4 42.5 32.4 35.2 19.2 42.3 -0.193*** diarrhea 10.3% 11.2% 8.1% 7.2% 7.4% 9.1% -0.085*** acute respiratory infection 12.5% 11.2% 10.6% 7.7% 6.1% 10.1% -0.119*** Fever 24.8% 26.2% 23.1% 19.6% 15.6% 22.6% -0.080*** adult HealtH1a,1b,1c,1d,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tuberculosis 17 .6% 17 .3% 14.3% 12.6% 9.0% 14.2% -0.121*** road traffic accident 2.9% 2.4% 2.5% 2.3% 2.7% 2.6% -0.017 non-road traffic accident 4.2% 2.9% 3.4% 3.2% 2.6% 3.2% -0.079** angina 6.4% 6.0% 6.3% 6.2% 5.9% 6.2% -0.001 arthritis 12.4% 13.6% 14.0% 14.4% 15.7% 14.0% 0.046** asthma 7.4% 10.5% 7.0% 6.9% 9.3% 8.2% 0.009 depression 4.0% 4.5% 4.3% 3.0% 3.5% 3.9% -0.056 diabetes 1.6% 1.5% 1.3% 2.2% 4.0% 2.1% 0.217*** difficulty with work and 9.7% 7.8% 6.8% 5.1% 4.5% 6.8% -0.154*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 6.1% 4.2% 3.4% 3.2% 2.3% 3.9% -0.185*** status 22 inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1a,1b,1c,1d,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2003 3 Smoking (all) 41.6% 38.7% 35.3% 30.9% 26.9% 34.7% -0.091*** insufficient intake of fruit and 72.3% 77.3% 79.0% 74.3% 76.7% 75.9% 0.007* vegetables insufficient physical activity 42.1% 37 .4% 33.3% 30.3% 29.5% 34.5% -0.074*** drinking 9.7% 7.9% 7.2% 6.2% 5.9% 7.4% -0.102*** 2008 1d Smoking (women) 7.5% 6.2% 5.5% 4.4% 4.6% 5.5% -0.093*** concurrent partnerships 0.0% 0.7% 0.5% 1.5% 2.7% 1.0% 0.470 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild HealtH q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care interVentionS1a,1b,1c,1d,2 utiliZation 1993 1a Full immunization 61.7% 71.7% 80.9% 75.1% 77.9% 72.2% 0.052*** treatment of diarrhea 19.9% 27.0% 27.2% 19.3% 11.7% 22.4% -0.021 Medical treatment of ari 38.8% 54.4% 55.0% 62.5% 72.8% 53.0% 0.109*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 29.2% 40.6% 53.9% 67.3% 84.1% 50.4% 0.212*** Skilled birth attendance 22.1% 40.7% 62.7% 79.4% 92.1% 53.4% 0.276*** 1998 1b Full immunization 60.2% 72.5% 77.0% 79.7% 86.3% 72.9% 0.069*** treatment of diarrhea 44.5% 36.3% 52.6% 46.9% 30.2% 43.4% -0.011 Medical treatment of ari 47.7% 55.7% 62.5% 67.8% 73.7% 58.0% 0.087*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 35.1% 51.5% 69.3% 79.2% 87.8% 59.7% 0.190*** Skilled birth attendance 21.4% 47.1% 73.9% 84.2% 92.4% 57.1% 0.275*** 2003 1c Full immunization 55.5% 70.6% 76.9% 74.4% 82.7% 70.2% 0.078*** treatment of diarrhea 46.4% 58.6% 68.4% 62.7% 64.7% 57.7% 0.068*** Medical treatment of ari 50.5% 50.5% 57.7% 64.0% 75.0% 55.4% 0.075*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 46.7% 61.9% 71.3% 83.9% 91.0% 68.6% 0.135*** Skilled birth attendance 25.7% 52.5% 73.4% 85.4% 92.6% 60.7% 0.238*** 2008 1d Full immunization 63.7% 82.2% 82.2% 89.3% 87.6% 79.7% 0.063*** treatment of diarrhea 54.5% 53.3% 66.5% 62.2% 66.3% 58.6% 0.046** Medical treatment of ari 41.2% 46.2% 47.0% 51.3% 55.5% 46.2% 0.051** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 55.9% 69.3% 82.7% 89.5% 93.4% 76.2% 0.108*** Skilled birth attendance 26.4% 55.4% 76.6% 86.0% 94.7% 62.6% 0.234*** contraceptive prevalence 20.3% 25.3% 24.3% 23.3% 16.8% 21.7% -0.051*** adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tB screening 4.1% 4.2% 3.8% 4.6% 3.8% 4.1% 0.009 cervical cancer screening 24.6% 29.7% 29.0% 37.7% 45.7% 35.0% 0.125*** Breast cancer screening 1.7% 2.2% 5.1% 4.1% 10.2% 4.8% 0.316*** adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 inpatient or outpatient 23.7% 27.9% 27.0% 31.5% 33.8% 28.8% 0.071*** (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 5.5% 6.4% 5.5% 6.7% 9.5% 6.7% 0.106*** inpatient (5 years) 12.7% 13.6% 13.7% 17.7% 19.3% 15.4% 0.096*** outpatient (12 months) 18.1% 20.9% 20.4% 24.9% 26.0% 22.1% 0.078*** 23 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 34.2% 22.0% 15.3% 8.3% 4.2% concentration index 0.124*** 0.148*** 0.189*** 0.282*** 0.417*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 49.6% 43.0% 37.1% 27.3% 19.0% concentration index 0.060*** 0.046*** 0.032*** 0.027** 0.030* iMPoVeriSHMent3 Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 48.0% 52.4% 4.5 pp 9.3% average shortfall from the $0.24 $0.27 $0.03 12.4% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.50 $0.51 $0.01 2.8% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 73.1% 77.3% 4.1 pp 5.7% average shortfall from the $0.70 $0.77 $0.06 9.1% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.96 $0.99 $0.03 3.2% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using Philippines’s consumer price index. data sources: 1a=1993 Philippines demographic and Health Survey, 1b=1998 Philippines demographic and Health Survey, 1c=2003 Philippines demographic and Health Survey, 1d=2008 Philippines demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 Philippines World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Philippines. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: curt carnemark, 1989 24 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet THAIL AND the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005-06 2 outcoMeS Stunting 19.1% 15.9% 15.8% 11.4% 8.3% 15.0% -0.136*** underweight 10.2% 7.1% 7.2% 4.4% 2.9% 6.9% -0.197*** diarrhea 10.1% 8.1% 9.8% 8.5% 5.9% 8.7% -0.058** acute respiratory infection 24.6% 19.5% 19.9% 19.0% 15.3% 20.3% -0.077*** inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2005-06 2 Full immunization 98.0% 99.8% 97.4% 99.6% 98.8% 98.6% 0.001 treatment of diarrhea 68.7% 70.5% 66.5% 65.5% 75.9% 68.8% 0.005 Medical treatment of ari 87.0% 89.4% 85.9% 78.7% 77.0% 85.6% -0.018 contraceptive prevalence 76.6% 76.3% 71.4% 70.4% 67.3% 72.5% -0.026*** among women note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005-06 thailand Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - thailand. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: Francis dobbs, 1999 25 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Timor-LesTe the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2009-10 1 outcoMeS infant mortality rate 67.8 74.0 62.3 60.2 39.8 60.7 -0.094*** under-five mortality rate 98.2 106.8 94.9 92.2 58.1 89.4 -0.092*** Stunting 61.2% 63.3% 58.6% 55.3% 46.5% 57.1% -0.054*** underweight 49.3% 48.6% 47.2% 41.7% 35.6% 44.6% -0.065*** diarrhea 13.2% 13.7% 15.2% 19.0% 17.4% 15.7% 0.065*** acute respiratory infection 2.7% 3.9% 4.2% 4.8% 4.2% 3.9% 0.084*** Fever 16.2% 16.9% 18.5% 23.2% 21.9% 19.2% 0.073*** adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2009-10 1 obesity among non-pregnant 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 1.0% 1.6% 0.9% 0.269*** women inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2009-10 1 Smoking (women) 6.7% 5.1% 4.5% 3.7% 3.5% 4.6% -0.141*** Mosquito net use by children 23.9% 34.0% 42.7% 56.9% 55.9% 42.3% 0.167*** Mosquito net use by pregnant 27.1% 32.3% 39.8% 59.7% 54.6% 42.2% 0.155*** women inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2 utiliZation 2009-10 1 Full immunization 43.4% 52.9% 56.5% 64.9% 45.5% 52.6% 0.030** treatment of diarrhea 80.8% 76.1% 84.0% 75.7% 76.0% 78.4% -0.011 Medical treatment of ari 53.2% 66.8% 75.6% 73.2% 73.6% 69.6% 0.054** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 41.1% 45.0% 57.3% 63.6% 68.8% 55.1% 0.112*** Skilled birth attendance 10.6% 14.2% 21.2% 38.9% 69.5% 30.3% 0.392*** contraceptive prevalence 9.2% 9.5% 9.9% 14.6% 17.8% 12.4% 0.153*** note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=2009-10 timor-leste demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - timor-leste. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: alex Baluyut 26 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Vanuatu the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2007 2 outcoMeS Stunting 27.5% 26.5% 25.2% 24.9% 25.4% 26.0% -0.023 underweight 13.4% 13.4% 9.8% 8.8% 11.1% 11.4% -0.075 diarrhea 11.4% 15.8% 10.8% 19.1% 12.3% 13.9% 0.033 acute respiratory infection 9.2% 6.2% 6.9% 11.0% 5.2% 7.8% -0.021 Fever 11.2% 9.3% 12.1% 6.7% 6.3% 9.4% -0.084* inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2007 2 contraceptive prevalence 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.3% 0.1% 0.671*** note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2007 vanuatu Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - vanuatu. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: 27 health eQUity aNd FiNaNCial PROteCtiON dataSheet Vie tnam the health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and health Surveys (dhS), World health Surveys (WhS), Multiple indicator Cluster Surveys (MiCS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. iNeQUalitieS Child health1a,1b,2,3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci iN health 1997 1a OUtCOMeS infant mortality rate 46.6 48.2 35.1 27.5 16.7 36.9 -0.165*** Under-five mortality rate 66.7 55.0 43.5 43.9 26.2 49.1 -0.164*** diarrhea 10.2% 11.2% 12.1% 9.5% 6.2% 10.1% -0.060 acute respiratory infection 14.0% 18.1% 16.0% 9.8% 10.2% 14.2% -0.079** Fever 20.7% 19.8% 26.8% 23.3% 15.1% 21.2% -0.024 2002 1b infant mortality rate 43.5 29.6 21.0 15.6 15.4 26.9 -0.254*** Under-five mortality rate 56.4 43.9 27.1 27.2 21.4 37.4 -0.208*** diarrhea 18.6% 12.0% 12.0% 7.4% 3.8% 11.4% -0.257*** acute respiratory infection 23.8% 21.4% 19.6% 17 .1% 14.1% 19.6% -0.110 Fever 31.2% 25.5% 28.2% 29.7% 18.1% 26.7% -0.070** 2002-03 3 Malaria 3.9% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% -0.709*** 2006 2 diarrhea 9.2% 6.8% 6.7% 6.1% 4.3% 6.8% -0.141*** acute respiratory infection 15.9% 18.0% 21.7% 19.1% 12.2% 17.3% -0.001 Fever 15.8% 16.5% 17.9% 18.5% 12.1% 16.2% -0.007 adUlt health1a,1b,3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci 2002 1b Obesity among non-pregnant 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.3% 0.478 women 2002-03 3 tuberculosis 1.6% 1.4% 3.0% 1.3% 0.8% 1.6% -0.122* Road traffic accident 1.9% 1.7% 1.5% 2.6% 2.4% 2.1% 0.091 Non-road traffic accident 1.5% 1.1% 1.6% 0.4% 1.2% 1.1% -0.080 angina 3.1% 6.0% 3.2% 5.0% 4.3% 4.2% 0.036 arthritis 4.9% 8.2% 6.2% 7.1% 10.4% 7.4% 0.112*** asthma 1.5% 1.6% 1.1% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% -0.106 depression 0.2% 0.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% -0.233 diabetes 0.5% 0.4% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% -0.040 difficulty with work and 2.9% 3.8% 3.1% 2.9% 1.4% 2.8% -0.106*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 9.8% 10.6% 6.3% 5.2% 3.7% 6.6% -0.213** status 28 iNeQUalitieS iN RiSk FaCtORS1a,1b,2,3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci RiSky BehaviOR 2002-03 3 Smoking (all) 35.1% 27.2% 23.1% 22.9% 23.7% 25.8% -0.083*** Smoking (women) 2.8% 3.2% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% 2.0% -0.202 insufficient intake of fruit and 83.3% 88.6% 85.6% 85.0% 77.7% 83.5% -0.016*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 3.4% 2.7% 7.2% 8.8% 6.8% 5.8% 0.187*** drinking 18.8% 16.5% 12.3% 10.1% 9.7% 12.8% -0.140*** Concurrent partnerships 0.6% 0.2% 0.6% 0.8% 0.4% 0.5% 0.010 iNeQUalitieS MateRNal aNd Child Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci iN health CaRe health iNteRveNtiONS1a,1b,2 UtilizatiON 1997 1a Full immunization 42.4% 50.9% 47 .6% 56.8% 59.7% 50.3% 0.070*** Medical treatment of aRi 55.7% 69.9% 72.1% 77.5% 82.7% 68.9% 0.071** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 3.8% 5.4% 5.9% 12.3% 40.8% 11.4% 0.500*** Skilled birth attendance 35.7% 51.4% 59.0% 63.0% 87.9% 55.9% 0.172*** 2002 1b Full immunization 44.7% 60.7% 71.3% 76.9% 92.2% 66.8% 0.136 Medical treatment of aRi 66.2% 77.9% 67.5% 67.4% 80.1% 71.3% 0.021 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 10.1% 15.2% 16.5% 28.7% 61.9% 25.1% 0.377*** Skilled birth attendance 50.1% 73.1% 84.9% 92.5% 99.1% 77.5% 0.132*** 2006 2 Full immunization 44.0% 74.3% 90.4% 82.1% 95.9% 77.8% 0.120*** Contraceptive prevalence 69.9% 65.3% 64.3% 60.7% 59.8% 64.0% -0.032*** adUlt PReveNtive CaRe2,3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci 2002-03 3 tB screening 0.7% 0.8% 1.4% 0.8% 1.2% 1.0% 0.078 Cervical cancer screening 4.8% 11.4% 8.6% 9.4% 14.1% 9.9% 0.128** Breast cancer screening 0.0% 3.1% 2.5% 1.2% 3.7% 2.2% 0.284* 2006 2 voluntary counseling and 74.6% 91.9% 83.0% 87.8% 92.9% 89.2% 0.026*** testing for hiv adUlt CURative CaRe3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci 2002-03 3 inpatient or outpatient 46.5% 52.5% 52.9% 48.0% 55.7% 51.2% 0.026** (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 9.3% 6.3% 7.2% 7.5% 9.5% 8.1% 0.000 inpatient (5 years) 15.7% 13.3% 17 .5% 14.8% 18.3% 16.2% 0.019 Outpatient (12 months) 42.0% 51.0% 52.7% 42.6% 53.6% 48.4% 0.030** UtilizatiON - OUtPatieNt Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci (12 MONthS)4 2006 4 Mean number of visits 76.9% 111.8% 116.8% 142.8% 169.8% 123.6% 0.150*** Public health center 39.9% 37 .9% 35.3% 35.7% 23.8% 34.5% -0.083*** Public hospital 15.9% 25.4% 29.5% 47.8% 71.4% 38.0% 0.297*** all public 55.8% 63.3% 64.8% 83.4% 95.2% 72.5% 0.116*** Private 16.2% 38.2% 42.5% 50.4% 66.2% 42.7% 0.222*** UtilizatiON - iNPatieNt Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci (12 MONthS)4 2006 4 Mean number of visits 7.0% 7.8% 8.5% 9.4% 10.2% 8.6% 0.079*** Public hospital 4.8% 6.3% 7.1% 8.3% 8.9% 7.1% 0.124*** Private 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.7% 0.2% 0.567*** 29 BeNeFit UtilizatiON - PUBliC Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci iNCideNCe FaCilitieS4 aNalySiS 2006 4 Outpatient commune health 38.3% 32.1% 32.1% 30.6% 18.0% 30.2% -0.117*** center Outpatient polyclinic 3.4% 3.5% 2.8% 5.0% 5.6% 4.1% 0.115** Outpatient general hospital 15.8% 24.5% 30.5% 48.6% 73.0% 38.5% 0.305*** inpatient general hospital 4.9% 6.4% 7.6% 8.6% 9.6% 7.4% 0.135*** FeeS Paid at PUBliC Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci FaCilitieS (ShaReS)4 2006 4 Outpatient commune health 20.4% 19.3% 22.4% 24.4% 13.4% -0.031 center Outpatient polyclinic 6.2% 6.1% 12.0% 18.9% 56.7% 0.480*** Outpatient general hospital 3.3% 7.6% 10.8% 21.6% 56.7% 0.517*** inpatient general hospital 3.9% 8.7% 13.2% 25.3% 48.9% 0.461*** health CaRe SUBSidieS (ShaReS)4,5 2006 4 total Constant Unit Cost Method Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci Share (lCU) Outpatient commune health 27.8% 21.5% 19.4% 17.8% 13.4% 162481 -0.141*** 2.2% center Outpatient polyclinic 19.8% 20.4% 13.9% 23.5% 22.4% 21898 0.034 0.3% Outpatient general hospital 9.9% 14.1% 16.8% 26.2% 33.0% 3971381 0.247*** 53.4% inpatient general hospital 17.4% 20.0% 22.1% 20.9% 19.7% 3276459 0.022 44.1% total subsidies 13.6% 16.9% 19.2% 23.6% 26.7% 7432219 0.139*** 100% total Constant Unit Subsidy Method Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci Share (lCU) Outpatient commune health 25.3% 21.3% 21.2% 20.3% 11.9% 162481 -0.117*** 2.2% center Outpatient polyclinic 16.8% 17.3% 13.6% 24.7% 27.5% 21898 0.115** 0.3% Outpatient general hospital 8.2% 12.7% 15.9% 25.3% 37.9% 3971381 0.305*** 53.4% inpatient general hospital 13.2% 17.1% 20.4% 23.3% 26.0% 3276459 0.135*** 44.1% total subsidies 10.8% 14.9% 18.0% 24.3% 32.1% 7432219 0.220*** 100% total Proportional Cost Method Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci Share (lCU) Outpatient commune health 20.4% 19.3% 22.4% 24.4% 13.4% 162481 -0.031 2.2% center Outpatient polyclinic 6.2% 6.1% 12.0% 18.9% 56.7% 21898 0.480** 0.3% Outpatient general hospital 3.3% 7.6% 10.8% 21.6% 56.7% 3971381 0.517*** 53.4% inpatient general hospital 3.9% 8.7% 13.2% 25.3% 48.9% 3276459 0.461*** 44.1% total subsidies 3.9% 8.3% 12.1% 23.3% 52.3% 7432219 0.480*** 100% health health iNSURaNCe Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 total Ci iNSURaNCe COveRage10 COveRage 2008 10 Formal-sector worker 0.014 0.026 0.05 0.089 0.207 0.077 0.487*** Policy beneficiary 0.084 0.044 0.042 0.043 0.042 0.051 -0.145*** Scheme for the poor 0.267 0.106 0.054 0.032 0.008 0.093 -0.537*** Student 0.064 0.148 0.161 0.183 0.182 0.147 0.154*** voluntary (other) 0.014 0.036 0.056 0.073 0.078 0.051 0.269*** health card or certificate 0.137 0.055 0.027 0.019 0.014 0.05 -0.470*** Child under 6 0.083 0.071 0.068 0.055 0.052 0.066 -0.102*** any insurance 0.328 0.501 0.52 0.477 0.379 0.441 0.017*** 30 threshold share of total household consumption FiNaNCial CataStROPhiC OUt-OF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% PROteCtiON POCket SPeNdiNg3,4,6,7,8,9,10 1993-94 6 headcount 38.7% 19.2% 9.8% 3.8% 0.4% Concentration index -0.014 0.006 0.019 0.026 0.320*** 1997-98 7 headcount 34.5% 15.0% 8.3% 2.7% 0.6% Concentration index -0.032*** 0.020 0.099*** 0.271*** 0.611*** 2002 8 headcount 27.2% 13.0% 7.7% 3.0% 0.8% Concentration index 0.003 0.085*** 0.154*** 0.281*** 0.503*** 2002-03 3 headcount 30.3% 17.9% 12.2% 6.2% 2.9% Concentration index 0.003 0.085*** 0.154*** 0.281*** 0.503*** 2004 9 headcount 34.6% 17.5% 10.4% 4.4% 1.5% Concentration index 0.025*** 0.077*** 0.149*** 0.290*** 0.471*** 2006 4 headcount 30.0% 15.1% 8.8% 4.0% 1.2% Concentration index 0.034*** 0.087*** 0.148*** 0.289*** 0.508*** 2008 10 headcount 34.9% 18.7% 11.4% 5.0% 1.8% Concentration index 0.003 0.069*** 0.099*** 0.226*** 0.411*** threshold share of nonfood consumption CataStROPhiC OUt-OF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% POCket SPeNdiNg3,4,6,7,8,9,10 1993-94 6 headcount 67.8% 47.7% 34.5% 19.2% 8.3% Concentration index -0.06*** -0.09*** -0.09*** -0.12*** -0.11*** 1997-98 7 headcount 64.2% 43.2% 29.8% 14.8% 5.5% Concentration index -0.097*** -0.132*** -0.133*** -0.117*** -0.024 2002 8 headcount 54.0% 32.0% 21.1% 10.9% 4.5% Concentration index -0.112*** -0.121*** -0.102*** -0.059*** 0.030 2002-03 3 headcount 46.2% 38.6% 31.9% 21.0% 13.5% Concentration index 0.057*** 0.046*** 0.041*** 0.045** 0.072** 2004 9 headcount 56.8% 36.0% 25.1% 13.3% 5.4% Concentration index -0.065*** -0.078*** -0.072*** -0.018 0.101*** 2006 4 headcount 52.2% 31.8% 21.3% 11.5% 5.0% Concentration index -0.058*** -0.061*** -0.058*** -0.009 0.081*** 2008 10 headcount 57.4% 35.9% 25.1% 13.7% 6.1% Concentration index -0.074*** -0.084*** -0.054*** -0.028 0.026 31 FiNaNCial iMPOveRiShMeNt3,4,6,7,8,9,10 PROteCtiON Poverty line at US$1.25 per Consumption Consumption Change % change (CONt.) capita per day including OOP excluding OOP 1993-94 6 Percentage in poverty 74.1% 77.1% 3.0 pp 4.0% average shortfall from the $0.38 $0.42 $0.04 10.2% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.51 $0.54 $0.03 5.6% poverty line, among the poor 1997-98 7 Percentage in poverty 47.5% 52.1% 4.6 pp 9.7% average shortfall from the $0.17 $0.20 $0.03 16.3% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.36 $0.38 $0.02 6.0% poverty line, among the poor 2002 8 Percentage in poverty 40.2% 44.6% 4.4 pp 10.9% average shortfall from the $0.14 $0.16 $0.02 14.5% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.34 $0.35 $0.01 4.0% poverty line, among the poor 2002-03 3 Percentage in poverty 34.9% 39.6% 4.7 pp 13.5% average shortfall from the $0.13 $0.15 $0.02 16.2% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.36 $0.37 $0.01 2.4% poverty line, among the poor 2004 9 Percentage in poverty 29.8% 34.4% 4.6 pp 15.4% average shortfall from the $0.10 $0.12 $0.02 20.0% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.34 $0.35 $0.01 3.3% poverty line, among the poor 2006 4 Percentage in poverty 22.0% 25.4% 3.4 pp 15.5% average shortfall from the $0.07 $0.08 $0.01 18.2% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.31 $0.32 $0.01 2.4% poverty line, among the poor 2008 10 Percentage in poverty 19.8% 25.1% 5.3 pp 26.8% average shortfall from the $0.07 $0.08 $0.02 22.6% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.33 $0.33 -$0.01 -1.9% poverty line, among the poor 32 FiNaNCial iMPOveRiShMeNt (CONt.)3,4,6,7,8,9,10 PROteCtiON Poverty line at US$2.00 per Consumption Consumption Change % change (CONt.) capita per day including OOP excluding OOP 1993-94 6 Percentage in poverty 91.1% 92.4% 1.4 pp 1.5% average shortfall from the $1.01 $1.07 $0.05 5.3% poverty line average shortfall from the $1.11 $1.15 $0.04 3.8% poverty line, among the poor 1997-98 7 Percentage in poverty 76.1% 78.6% 2.5 pp 3.3% average shortfall from the $0.65 $0.70 $0.05 8.4% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.85 $0.89 $0.04 4.9% poverty line, among the poor 2002 8 Percentage in poverty 69.7% 72.3% 2.7 pp 3.9% average shortfall from the $0.57 $0.61 $0.05 8.3% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.81 $0.85 $0.03 4.3% poverty line, among the poor 2002-03 3 Percentage in poverty 66.8% 71.1% 4.3 pp 6.5% average shortfall from the $0.52 $0.58 $0.06 11.0% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.78 $0.81 $0.03 4.3% poverty line, among the poor 2004 9 Percentage in poverty 59.9% 64.0% 4.1 pp 6.8% average shortfall from the $0.45 $0.50 $0.05 11.9% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.75 $0.79 $0.04 4.7% poverty line, among the poor 2006 4 Percentage in poverty 50.7% 54.6% 3.9 pp 7.6% average shortfall from the $0.34 $0.39 $0.04 12.1% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.68 $0.71 $0.03 4.2% poverty line, among the poor 2008 10 Percentage in poverty 51.7% 56.9% 5.2 pp 10.0% average shortfall from the $0.35 $0.40 $0.05 15.5% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.67 $0.71 $0.03 4.9% poverty line, among the poor 33 PROgReSSivity PROgReSSivity OF health Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Ci/gini kakwani Share OF health SPeNdiNg (ShaReS)4 FiNaNCiNg 2006 4 Consumption 7.4 11.4 15.5 21.9 43.8 0.360*** taxes 4.3 8.8 13.5 22.5 50.9 26.6 0.431 26.6% Shi 0.5 3.1 8.2 19.2 69.0 0.658*** 0.298*** 12.7% voluntary insurance 4.8 12.6 18.4 26.8 37.5 0.343*** -0.017 1.6% Out-of-pocket spending 5.3 9.8 14.9 23.2 46.8 0.414*** 0.054*** 54.8% total payments 3.8 9.0 14.4 23.5 49.4 0.454*** 0.094 95.7% Note: the health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WhS, dhS and MiCS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. Q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) Ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using vietnam’s consumer price index. lCU=local Currency Unit (Million vietnamese dong) data sources: 1a=1997 vietnam demographic and health Survey, 1b=2002 vietnam demographic and health Survey, 2=2006 Multiple indicator Cluster Survey, 3=2002-03 vietnam World health Survey, 4=2006 vietnam health and living Standards Survey, 5=2006 vietnam National health accounts, 6=1993/94 vietnam living Standards Survey, 7=1997/98 vietnam living Standards Survey, 8=2002 vietnam health and living Standards Survey, 9=2004 vietnam health and living Standards Survey, 10=2008 vietnam health and living Standards Survey. Recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - vietnam. Washington, d.C.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: thomas Sennett 34 I nterpre tatIon of results InequalItIes In health outcomes, rIsky behavIor and health care utIlIzatIon the tables in this section show how health outcomes, risky behaviors and health care utilization vary across asset (wealth) quintiles and periods. the quintiles are based on an asset index constructed using principal components analysis. the tables show the mean values of the indicator for each quintile, as well as for the sample as a whole. also shown are the concentration indices which capture the direction and degree of inequality. a negative value indicates that the variable (e.g. stunting or skilled birth attendance) is more concentrated among the poor, while a positive value indicates that the variable is concentrated among the better off. the larger the index in absolute size, the more inequality there is. the statistical significance of the concentration index is also shown, at 1% (***), 5% (**) and 10% (*) significance levels. For example, if stunting has a concentration index of -0.121***, then stunting is significantly concentrated among the poor. beneFIt-IncIdence analysIs benefit-incidence analysis (bIa) shows whether, and by how much, government health expenditure disproportionately benefits the poor. there are three tables showing, respectively, the distribution of service utilization across consumption quintiles for different types of care, the distribution of user fees, and the distribution of the estimated subsidies. all tables also show the concentration indices which capture the direction and degree of inequality. a negative value indicates that the variable (i.e. utilization, fees or subsidies) is more concentrated among the poor, while a positive value indicates that the variable is concentrated among the better off. the larger the index in absolute size, the greater is the inequality. For example, if the concentration index of subsidies to hospitals is positive, the non-poor benefit more than the poor from government spending on hospital services. the distribution of subsidies depends on the assumptions made to allocate subsidies to households. under the constant unit cost assumption, each unit of utilization is assumed to cost the same and is equal to total costs incurred in delivering this type of service (i.e. subsidies plus user fees) divided by the number of units of utilization. under the constant unit subsidy assumption, the unit subsidy is assumed to be constant, equal to total subsidies for the service in question divided by the number of units of utilization of that service. under the proportional cost assumption, higher fees are indicative of a more costly type of care; specifically, it is assumed that unit costs and fees are proportional to one another. If the concentration index is negative, then the subsidy to the particular level of care is pro-poor and if the concentration index is positive, then the subsidy is pro-rich. the column labeled “share� shows the distribution of the total subsidy across different levels of care. FInancIal protectIon: catastrophIc and ImpoverIshIng expendIture measures of financial protection relate out-of-pocket spending to a threshold. one approach is to classify spending as ‘catastrophic’ if it exceeds a certain fraction of household income or consumption or nonfood consumption. catastrophic payments are defined as health care payments in excess of a predetermined percentage (i.e. 5% to 40%) of their total household spending or nonfood spending. the first line of the first table shows the catastrophic payment “headcount�, i.e. the proportion of households with a health payment budget share greater than the given threshold. For example, if the “headcount� figure given in the last column of the first table is 6%, then 6% of households spend more than 40% of their pre-payment income on health payments. the concentration indices in the second line of each table show whether there is a greater tendency for the better off to have out-of-pocket spending in excess of the payment threshold (in which case it takes on a positive value), or whether the poor are more likely to have out-of-pocket spending exceeding the threshold (in which case it takes on a negative value). another approach is to classify health spending as ‘impoverishing’ if it is sufficiently large to make the household cross the poverty line, i.e. the household would not have been poor had it been able to use for general consumption the money it was forced to spend on health care. the extent of impoverishment due to health care expenditure is measured by comparing the extent of poverty computed using household consumption gross and net of out-of-pocket health spending. the table shows three measures of poverty. the first line of the table shows the percentage of the population living below the poverty line, i.e. the poverty “headcount�. the second line shows the population’s average shortfall from the poverty line, i.e. the “normalized poverty gap�; the normalization is useful when making comparisons across countries with different poverty lines and currency units. Finally, the last line shows the average shortfall from the poverty line, among those who are poor, i.e. the normalized mean positive poverty gap. the last column shows the percentage increase in poverty, the percentage increase in the average shortfall from the poverty line and the percentage increase in the average shortfall from the poverty line among the poor due to out-of-pocket health spending, respectively. progressIvIty oF health FInancIng the table in this section reports whether overall health financing, as well as the individual sources of finance, is regressive (i.e. a poor household contributes a larger share of its resources than a rich one), progressive (i.e. a poor household contributes a smaller share of its resources than a rich one) or proportional. the 1st through 5th columns show the distribution of consumption and different sources of health care financing. the 6th column shows the summary measures of inequality; in the case of consumption, this is the gini coefficient and in the case of other sources of financing it is the concentration index. In the 7th column, the kakwani index (defined as the concentration index less the gini coefficient) takes on a positive value, then payments are more concentrated among the better off than consumption, and is a sign that payments are progressive. If the kakwani index is negative, then payments are regressive. the last column shows the contribution of each financing source to total health care financing (obtained from national health accounts data). For more guIdance on InterpretatIon oF results, see: o’donnell, o., e. van doorslaer, a. Wagstaff and m. lindelow. (2008). analyzing health equity using household survey data: a guide to techniques and their implementation. Washington, d.c.: World bank. Wagstaff, a., m. bilger, z. sajaia and m. lokshin. (2011). health equity and financial protection: streamlined analysis with adept software. Washington, d.c.: World bank. Me asureMent of In dIcators IndIcator MeasureMent data chIld health number of deaths among children under 12 months of age per 1,000 live births (note: mortality Infant mortality rate rate calculated using the true cohort life table approach; the dhs reports use the synthetic cohort dhs life table approach) number of deaths among children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births (note: mortality rate under-five mortality rate calculated using the true cohort life table approach; the dhs reports use the synthetic cohort life dhs table approach) % of children with a height-for-age z-score <-2 standard deviations from the reference median stunting dhs, MIcs (note: z-score calculated using Who 2006 child Growth standards) % of children with a weight-for-age z-score <-2 standard deviations from the reference median underweight dhs, MIcs (note: z-score calculated using Who 2006 child Growth standards) diarrhea % of children with diarrhea (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs diarrhea % of children with diarrhea (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs acute respiratory infection % of children with an episode of coughing and rapid breathing (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs acute respiratory infection % of children with an episode of coughing and rapid breathing (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs Fever % of children with fever (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs Fever % of children with fever (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs Malaria % of children with an episode of malaria (past year; youngest child) Whs adult health tuberculosis % of adults who reported tuberculosis symptoms (past year) Whs obesity among non-pregnant women % of women aged 15 to 49 with a BMI above 30 dhs obesity among all women % of women aged 18 to 49 with a BMI above 30 Whs road traffic accident % of adults involved in a road traffic accident with bodily injury (past year) Whs % of adults who suffered bodily injury that limited everyday activities, due to a fall, burn, poisoning, non-road traffic accident Whs submersion in water, or by an act of violence (past year) angina % of adults ever diagnosed with angina or angina pectoris Whs arthritis % of adults ever diagnosed with arthritis Whs asthma % of adults ever diagnosed with asthma Whs depression % of adults ever diagnosed with depression Whs diabetes % of adults ever diagnosed with diabetes Whs difficulty with work and household % of adults who have severe or extreme difficulties with work or household activities (past 30 days) Whs activities (note: this indicator was created from an ordinal variable with five categories) % of adults who rate own health as bad or very bad (note: this indicator was created from an Poor self-assessed health status Whs ordinal variable with five categories) hIV Positive Percentage of adults aged 15 to 49 whose blood tests are positive for hIV 1 or hIV 2. dhs rIsk Factors smoking (all) % of adults who smoke any tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars or pipes Whs smoking (women) % of women aged 15 to 49 who smoke cigarettes, pipe or other tobacco dhs smoking (women) % of women aged 18 to 49 who smoke cigarettes, pipe or other tobacco Whs Insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables % of adults who have insufficient intake of fruit/vegetables (less than 5 servings) Whs Insufficient physical activity % of adults who spend < 150 minutes on walking/ moderate activity/vigorous activity (past week) Whs drinking % of adults who consume ≥5 standard drinks on at least one day (past week) Whs concurrent partnerships % of women aged 15 to 49 who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner (past year) dhs, MIcs concurrent partnerships % of women aged 18 to 49 who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner (past year) Whs % of women aged 15 to 49 who had more than one partner in the past year and used a condom condom usage (more than one partner) dhs, MIcs during last sexual intercourse % of women aged 18 to 49 who had more than one partner in the past year and used a condom condom usage (more than one partner) Whs during last sexual intercourse Mosquito net use by children % of children who slept under an (ever) insecticide treated bed net (Itn) (past night) dhs, MIcs % of pregnant women aged 15 to 49 who slept under an (ever) insecticide treated bed net (Itn) Mosquito net use by pregnant women dhs (past night) Maternal and chIld health InterVentIons % of children aged 12-23 months who received BcG, measles, and three doses of polio and dPt, Full immunization dhs, MIcs either verified by card or by recall of respondent treatment of diarrhea % of children with diarrhea given oral rehydration salts (ors) or home-made solution dhs, MIcs % of children with a cough and rapid breathing who sought medical treatment for acute respiratory Medical treatment of arI dhs, MIcs infection (past 2 weeks) % of mothers aged 15 to 49 who received at least 4 antenatal care visits from any skilled personnel skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) dhs (doctor, nurse/midwife, auxiliary midwife, feldsher, family nurse, trained birth attendant) skilled birth attendance % of mothers aged 15 to 49 that were attended by any skilled personnel at child’s birth dhs contraceptive prevalence % of women aged 15 to 49 who currently use a modern method of contraception dhs, MIcs adult PreVentIVe care tB screening % of adults who were tested for tuberculosis (past year) Whs Voluntary counseling and testing for hIV % of women aged 18 to 49 who were tested for hIV and were told the results of the test Whs,MIcs cervical cancer screening % of women aged 18 to 69 who received a pap smear during last pelvic examination (past 3 years) Whs Breast cancer screening % of women aged 40 to 69 who received a mammogram (past 3 years) Whs adult curatIVe care Inpatient or outpatient (12 months) % of adults who used any inpatient or outpatient health care (past year) Whs Inpatient (12 months) % of adults who used any inpatient health care (past year) Whs Inpatient (5 years) % of adults who used any inpatient health care (past 5 years) Whs % of adults who used any outpatient health care (past year; conditional on having not used any outpatient (12 months) Whs inpatient care past 5 years) note: unless otherwise noted, all children are under the age of 5 and all adults are aged 18 and older About the Health Equity and Financial Protection datasheets The Health Equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the Demographic and Health Surveys, World Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, Living Standards and Measurement Surveys, as well as other household surveys, and use a common set of health indicators for all countries in the series. All analyses are conducted using the health modules of the ADePT software. Also available are Health Equity and Financial Protection country reports. The most recent versions of the Health Equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets can be downloaded at www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.