SFG1564 VNWC-00227753-A0 Submitted: December 2, 2015 Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Ho Chi Minh City Steering Center of the Urban Flood Control (SCFC) ESIA REPORT (DRAFT) Exp International Services Inc. 74, Thich Minh Nguyet Street Ward 2, Tan Binh District Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Phone: + 84.8.3845.7382 People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Steering Center of the Urban Flood Control Program Preparation of Ho Chi Minh City Flood Risk Management Project Credit No.: 4779-VN Package FRM-PPTAF 02: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Project Location: District 8, 12, Go Vap, Tan Binh, Tan Phu, Binh Thanh, Binh Tan, Binh Chanh, Hoc Mon Representing Client: Project Management Unit of Works Construction under Ho Chi Minh City Steering Center of the Urban Flood Control Program ESIA REPORT (DRAFT) Project Number: VNWC-00227753-A0 Prepared by: Exp International Services Inc. 74, Thich Minh Nguyet Street Ward 2, Tan Binh District Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Phone: + 84.8.3845.7382 www.exp.com Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Legal Notification This report was prepared by exp International Services Inc. for the account of Ho Chi Minh City Steering Center of the Urban Flood Control Program. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. Exp International Services Inc. accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this project. i Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1.Background and Project Objectives 1 1.1.1.Project‘s Background 1 1.1.2.Objectives of the Project 3 1.2.Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 3 1.2.1.National Legal Obligation 4 1.2.2. World Bank‘s Safeguard Policies and Guidelines 9 1.2.3. Other international treaties and conventions 13 Chapter 2: Project description 16 2.1.Project name 16 2.1.1.Sponsor 16 2.1.2.Governing body, project owner 16 2.1.3.Estimated project duration 16 2.1.4.Project site 16 2.1.5.Project benificiaries 18 2.1.6. Description and components 18 2.2.Technical Considerations for Component 1 21 2.3.Technical Options for Component 2 23 2.3.1.Subcomponent 2.1 - Two (02) combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: Vam Thuat 23 and Nuoc Len 2.3.2.Subcomponent 2.2 - Construction of embankments in Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc 30 Len canal 2.3.3.Subcomponent 2.3 - Selected storm and waste water systems in Go Vap District 32 2.3.4.Sub-Component 2.4 - Secondary canals improvements 36 2.4.Project area of influence 40 2.5.Linked Investments 44 ii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Chapter 3: Existing conditions of socio-economic and environmental baseline in 47 project area 3.1.Natural and socio-economic conditions of Ho Chi Minh City 47 3.1.1.Natural conditions 47 3.1.2.Socio-economic conditions 55 3.2.Socio-economic conditions of the project area 57 3.2.1.Population and labor 57 3.2.2.Agricultural activities 59 3.2.3.Industrial activities 59 3.2.4.Transport and infrastructure 59 3.2.5.Scope of Land Acquisition 62 3.2.6.Influences of Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len on local population 67 3.2.7.Health care and education 72 3.2.8.Historic sites in the project area 74 3.2.9.Past and on-going education and communitcation programs to raise community 75 awareness of environmental protection 3.3.Existing Environmental Quality 76 3.3.1.Environmental Quality Sampling Plan and Analytical Parameters 76 3.3.2.Results of Air Quality 77 3.3.3.Water Quality 78 3.3.4. Result of Groundwater Quality 80 3.3.5.Soil and Groundwater Quality 80 3.3.6. Sludge quality/Sediment 82 3.3.7. Aquatic and Plankton 82 3.3.8. Fishes 83 Chapter 4: Analysis of project alternatives 86 4.1.Analyses of needs of the project 86 4.2. With project alternatives 87 4.2.1. Sub-component 2.1: Construction of Nuoc Len combined tidal sluice gate and 02 87 ship locks iii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 4.2.2. Sub-component 2.1: Construction of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks 89 4.2.3. Sub-component 2.2: Improvement/Upgrading of revetment in the main canal of 91 Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len 4.2.4. Sub-component 2.3: Construction of drainage culvert system in Go Vap district 92 4.2.5. Sub-component 2.3: Construction and improvement of primary and secondary 93 combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district 4.2.6. Sub-component 2.4: Improvement of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, Ba 95 Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng) Chapter 5: Environmental Impact Assessment 96 5.1.Environmental Impact Assessment 96 5.1.1.Expected Positive Impact 96 5.1.2.Potential Negative Impact 96 5.1.2.1.Type and Scale Of Project Impact 96 5.1.2.2.Socioeconomic Impact 101 5.1.2.3Impact to on Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) 101 5.1.2.4.Impact to Nature Habitat 101 5.1.3.Detailed environment impact assessment for component 1 on Integrated Flood Risk 102 Management 5.1.3.1.Impact assessment during pre-construction phase of component 1 102 5.1.3.2.Impact assessment during construction phase of component 105 5.1.3.3.Impact assessment during operation phase 109 5.1.4.Impact Assessment for Component 2 on Priority Flood Risk Reduction Interventions 111 5.1.4.1.Impact assessment during pre-construction phase 111 5.1.4.2.Impact assessment during construction phase 123 5.1.4.3.Impact on operation phase 133 5.1.4.4.Unplanned and accidental events 135 5.1.5.Requirement of level of assessment for FS proposed for Cay Kho va Phu Dinh 147 5.2.Proposed mitigation measures 147 5.2.1.Measure to Mitigate the Impact of Component1 147 5.2.2.Measures to Mitigate General Impacts during Construction 152 5.2.3.Measures to Mitigate Site-specific Impacts during Construction 153 iv Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5.2.3.1.Site-specific Measures for Construction of Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate and 2 ship 153 locks 5.2.3.2.Site-specific Measures for Construction of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship 153 locks 5.2.3.3.Site-specific Measures for Dredging and construction of canal bank revetment in 154 the main canal of TLBCNL Canal 5.2.3.4.Site-specific Measures for Construction of main interceptor in Go Vap district 155 5.2.3.5.Site-specific Measures for Construction and improvement of primary and 156 secondary combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district 5.2.3.6.Site-specific Measures for Improvement of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, 156 Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng) 5.2.4.Measures to Mitigate Impacts during the Operation Phase 157 5.2.4.1.Site-specific measures for operation of Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks 157 5.2.4.2.Site-specific measures for operation of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks 158 5.2.4.3.Site-specific measures for operation of canal bank revetment in the main canal of 158 TLBCNL canal 5.2.4.4.Site-specific measures for operation of main interceptor in Go Vap District 159 5.2.4.5.Site-specific measures for operation of primary and secondary combined sewer 159 systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap District 5.2.4.6.Site-specific measures for operation of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, Ba 159 Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng) 5.3.Cumulative Impact Assessment 159 5.3.1.General approach 159 5.3.2.Determine project boundaries 161 5.3.3.Identify Valued Environmental Components (VEC) 162 5.3.4.Summarizing the past conditions of the VEC (before 2012) 162 5.3.5.Monitoring of present environmental conditions of VEC (in 2015) 166 5.3.6.Cumulative impact in 2015 171 5.3.7.Predict the cumulative impact of project development in 2035 173 5.3.8.Linked Ancillary Projects 180 5.3.9.Design mitigation measures 185 5.3.9.1.Objectives 185 v Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5.3.9.2.Cumulative impact from wastewater and drainage water pollution 185 5.3.9.3.Green Infrastructure 185 5.3.9.4.Rain Gardens 186 5.3.9.5.Street Storage 186 5.3.9.6.Bio-Retention 186 5.3.9.7.Permeable Pavements 187 5.3.9.8.Vegetated Roof Cover 187 5.3.9.9.Bioswales 187 5.3.9.10.Rainwater Harvesting 187 5.3.9.11.Tertiary treatment 189 Chapter 6: Social Impact Assessment And Mitigation Measures 189 6.1.Study approach 189 6.1.1.Data collection 189 6.1.2.Defining ‗social‘ area of influence 189 6.2.Impact assessment methodology 191 6.3.Social Positive Impacts 191 6.3.1.During project construction phase (2016-2021) 191 6.3.2.Positive impacts of the overall project 192 6.4.Social negative impacts 196 6.4.1.Land acquisition and resettlement impacts due to the project 196 6.4.2.Impacts other than those caused by land acquisition 200 6.5.Residual impacts 205 6.6.Recommended mitigation and enhancement measures 205 6.6.1.Mitigation measures for negative impacts 205 6.6.2.Enhancement measures for some positive impacts 207 7.Environmental and Social management plan (ESMP) 209 A.Environmental management plan for component 209 7.1.Basic principles 209 7.2.Key mitigation measures for Project Component 2 210 vi Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 7.2.1.Urban Construction Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs) for Project 210 Component 2 7.2.2.Site-specific Enviromental Impacts 222 7.3. Key mitigation measures for component 1 232 7.4.Environment Monitoring Program 244 7.4.1.Objective and Approach 244 7.4.2.Monitoring of Contractor‘s Safeguard Performance 244 7.4.3.Environmental Quality Monitoring of Component 2 244 7.4.4.Environmental Quality Monitoring of Component 1 248 7.4.5.Monitoring Implementation Performance of DMMP 254 7.5.Monitoring effectiveness of the EMP 256 7.5.1.Organization Arrangement 256 7.5.2.Specific Responsibilities of PMU, CSC, and IEMC 259 7.5.3.Reporting Arrangements 261 7.6.Capacity Building Program 262 7.6.1.Technical Assistance support for the implementation of safeguards 262 7.6.2.Training programs proposed 263 7.7.Estimated EMP Cost 265 B.Social management plan Chapter 8: Public Consultation And Information Disclosure 277 8.1.Objectives and basic principles 277 8.2Consultation Process and Methodology 278 8.3.Consultation Results 278 8.4.Information Disclosure 284 ANNEX 285 ANNEX 1: MAP OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS 286 ANNEX 2: ANALYTICAL RESULTS 287 ANNEX 3: ESTIMATION OF AIR EMISSION CONCENTRATION FOR PRECONSTRUCTION PASE AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF PROJECT 291 COMPONENT 2 vii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 4: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 292 ANNEX 5: DESCRIPTION OF SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS 300 ANNEX 6: SUMMARY OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN 303 ANNEX 7: PICTURES OF SAMPLING 308 ANNEX 8: PICTURES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION 312 ANNEX 9: CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 317 ANNEX 10: SUMMARY OF DUE DILIGENCE REPORT ON THAM LUONG-BEN CAT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT PROJECT (PHASE 1); SUMMARY OF DUE DILIGENCE REPORT ON DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND WATER 374 ENVIRONMENT IMPROVEMENT OF THE THAM LUONG-BEN CAT-NUOC LEN MAIN CANAL PROJECT (PHASE 1) viii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Applicable WBG‘s EHS Guidelines 12 Table 2.1 Project area divided by districts 18 Table 2.2 Sum of works scale for Vam Thuat tidal sluice gates 25 Table 2.3 Sum of works scale for Nuoc Len tidal sluice gates 29 Table 2.4 Bridges on main canal 31 Table 2.5 Technical parameters of canals 38 Table 2.6 Sensitive receptors in a relation to activities of project component and 42 locations of environmental baseline survey Table 2.7 Capacity of receiving and treating sludge 44 Table 3.1 Average monthly rainfall in the project area and the vicinity 52 Table 3.2 Population Development of Ho Chi Minh City 56 Table 3.3 Administrative units and population in the Project area (2007) 57 Table 3.4 Main income source of local population 58 Table 3.5 Number of poor and nearly poor households in the project area 58 Table 3.6 Main road and bridges crossing over Tham Luong – Ben Cat 60 Table 1.7 Scope of Project Impacts (Phase 1 64 Table 3.8 Land Acquisition Progress Up to Date 65 Table 3.9 Percentage of households directly affected by the canal system 69 Table 3.10 Influence of canal pollution on household activities 70 Table 3.11 Percentage of households having production and business activities 71 affected Table 3.12 Summary of impacts of flooding on poor, nearly-poor households, 71 immigrants and vulnerable groups Table 3.13 Number of people suffered from infectious diseases and serious 72 diseases Table 3.14The number of classes, pupils and teachers in the 2009-2010 73 academic year of Go Vap District Table 3.15 Number of schools, pupils and teachers in the 2010-2011 academic 74 year in the project area ix Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 3.16 Examination of water quality of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len 78 Canal Table 3.17 The fish species composition at Tham Luong sluice - Ben Cat - Nuoc 83 Len canal Table 4.1 Alternatives on locations of Nuoc Len combined sluice gate and ship 88 locks Table 4.2 Alternatives on technical design of Nuoc Len combined sluice gate 89 and ship locks Table 4.3 Alternatives on locations of Vam Thuat combined sluice gate and ship 89 locks Table 4.4 Alternatives on technical design of Vam Thuat combined sluice gate 90 and ship lock Table 4.5 Alternatives on technical design for the embankment of Tham Luong- 91 Ben Cat-Rach Nuoc Len canal Table 4.6 Alternatives on technical design of drainage culvert system in Go Vap 92 district Table 4.7 Alternatives on technical design of primary and secondary combined 94 sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district Table 4.8 Alternatives on technical design of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau 95 Cut, Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng Table 5.1 Level of Potential Negative Impacts of Project 98 Table 5.2 Overall impacts of dust generated from house demolition and waste 112 handling of sub-component 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4 Table 5.3 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during pre- construction phase of each site of subcomponent 2.1, subcomponent 2.2 and 115 subcomponent 2.4 Table 5.4 Guideline for vibration damage potential threshold criteria (Sub- 117 component 1) Table 5.5 Vibration level for construction equipment during pre-construction 117 phase of each site of subcomponent 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4 Table 5.6 Vibration level for construction equipment at different distances for 118 each subcomponent x Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 5.7 Loads And Pollutants Concentration of Domestic Wastewater 119 (untreated) Table 5.8 Total of house demolition waste from the clearance process for three 121 subcomponents Table 5.9 Volume of material and waste required to transport to project site and 123 disposal site (Da Phuoc landfill) Table 5.10 Dust generation of filling and excavating soil of subcomponent 2.1, 125 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 Table 5.11 Dust generation of filling and excavating soil of subcomponent 2.1 126 and 2.2 Table 5.12 Impact assessment for unplanned accidental events 138 Table 5.13 Mitigation measure proposed for project component 1 147 Table 5.14 The FTOX for ambient air quality 164 Table 5.15 Population forecasted to 2035 as follows 176 Table 5.16 Potential Wastewater discharging to the channel Tham Luong Ben 176 Cat Nuoc Len Table 5.17 Pollutant Criteria for Storm Water 177 Table 5.18 Total Maximum Daily Load (TSS) 177 Table 5.19 Concentration of pollutants in Channel TL-BC-NL 2018-2035 179 Table 5.20 Cumulative impacts of Linked Ancillary Projects 181 Table 6.1 Indirect Stakeholder Groups 190 Table 6.2 Number of workers required to each sub-component of Project 191 Component 2 Table 6.3 The effects of flooding on poor and near-poor households 193 Table 6.4 Impact of flood on health of local residents 194 Table 6.5 Impact of flood on health services 194 Table 6.6 Impact of flood on daily travel 194 Table 6.7 The scale of the land acquisition by ward 197 xi Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 6.8 Social Impact Assessment Matrix 202 Table 7.1 Mitigation Measures Extracted From the Urban Works ECOPs 211 applicable for Project Component 2 Table 7.2 Site Specific Impacts and Mitigation Measures 222 Table 7.3 An indicative Impacts Management Plan for Component 1 233 Table 7.4 Scope of environmental monitoring during construction of component 245 2 Table 7.5 Estimated number for soil, water, and air sampling and analysis for 247 environmental monitoring during construction Table 7.6 Estimated cost for samples collection and analysis 248 Table 7.7 Environmental Monitoring Program for Component 1 249 Table 7.8 Roles and responsibilities of key parties (Description referred to 257 Figure 7.1) Table 7.9 Training Programs for Capacity Building on Environmental 263 Supervision and Management Table 7.10 Estimated Cost for EMP implementation (million USD) 266 Table 7.11 Estimated cost for the IEMC (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 20,800 VND) 266 Table 7.12 Mitigation measures for Social Negative Impacts 267 Table 7.13 Enhancement measures for Social Positive Impacts 272 Table 7.14 Targets of the Income Restoration Plan 274 Table 7.15 Cost estimate for implementing the Income Restoration Plan 275 Table 8.1 Venue for First Round of Public Consultations 279 Table 8.2 Summary of first round of public consultations 281 xii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Master plan of HCM City Flood Risk Management Project. 17 Figure 2.2 Location map of Vam Thuat Sluice gate with ship lock. 24 Figure 2.3 Perspective view of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate. 25 Figure 2.4 Location map of Nuoc Len Sluice gate with ship lock. 27 Figure 2.5 Perspective view of Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate. 28 Figure 2.6 Struture of vertical embankment with slope emabankment. 31 Figure 2.7 Administrative map of Go Vap and Binh Thanh District and project‘s 33 border. Figure 2.8 Rain and waste water collection area I. 35 Figure 2.9 Rain and waste water collection area II. 36 Figure 3.1 Map showing main river systems in Ho Chi Minh City. 49 Figure 3.2 Map showing annual rainfall in the Sai Gon - Dong Nai river basin. 50 Figure 3.3 Map of traffic planning in the area up to 2025. 62 Figure 5.1 Overall portrait of surface water characteristics along the main 164 channel TL-BC-NL. Figure 5.2. Overall portrait of the contamination of sediment and settled sludge. 165 Figure 5.3. Overall portrait of the groundwater characteristics at private 165 domestic wells. Figure 5. 4 Overall portrait of the groundwater characteristics at domestic wells. 166 Figure 5.5 Increase in Chemiotox Units in the sediments/settled sludge. 173 Figure 6.1 The relationship between improvement of flooding and poverty 193 reduction. Figure 7.1 Organization Diagram for the EMP Implementation. 256 Figure 7.2 Organization chart of LRP. 275 xiii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background and Project Objectives 1.1.1. Project‟s Background Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) currently has 19 urban districts and 05 rural districts with an area of 2,095.01 km2, a population of 7.995 million inhabitants and average population density of 3,401 people/km2. HCMC is the economic center of Vietnam and accounts for a large proportion of Vietnam economy. Thanks to its favorable natural conditions HCMC became an important traffic hub for Vietnam and Southeast Asia, including road, railway, waterway and airway. Due to rapid population growth, inadequate and poorly functional infrastructure, low public awareness. HCMC is challenged with environmental pollution, the causes of which include direct discharge of untreated wastewater to canals, creeks and rivers. In recent years, HCMC has been significantly flooded, especially during rainy season from June to November and during flood-tide between September and December. Flooding in HCMC is caused by high intensity of rainfall, flood-tide, poor effectiveness of wastewater drainage system in rural area, inefficient operation of reservoirs and land subsidence due to groundwater withdraw. Heavy rainfall events have been increased in recent centuries. Wastewater and storm water drainage systems of HCMC have been downgraded and overloaded during heavy rainfall events while those systems have still not been constructed in many places in HCMC. As a result, flooding due to high rainfall intensity has been frequent. High tides in the East Sea obstruct water flow of upstream river and the urban drainage to the sea causing flash floods. On top of improving drainage capacity of canals and sewer systems in central areas of the city to combat flooding caused by frequent high- intensity rainfall, HCMC is also challenged with inflow of the East Sea to canal system. This inflow causes an increase of water level in canals and obstructs its flow from the City center to Sai Gon River, especially during high tides. In addition to frequent high intensity rainfall and high tides, flooding in HCMC is caused by draining water from hydropower and irrigation reservoirs located in the upstream. HCMC, in 2000, was severely flooded due to draining water of Tri An reservoir (2,000 m3/s) and Dau Tieng reservoir (600 m3/s). Furthermore, HCMC is affected by flooding in Mekong River through Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay rivers. HCMC‘s sewer systems have been developed locally and untreated wastewater has been discharged into rivers, creeks and canals causing severe pollution that damages water quality. Regarding the feasible study 2012 conducted by HCMC Government, flooding in HCMC is a frequent event affecting an area of 5,944 ha (40% of total area of the catchment) and a population of 700,000 inhabitants (35% of total people living in the catchment). Average flooded depth is varied from 0.5 m to 1.2 m, where flooding duration is from 30 minutes to 150 minutes. In addition, Hy Vong Canal (a canal connected to Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal) is 1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 designed to receive water drained from Tan Son Nhat airport which is usually facing flooding that need to be resolved. Industrial operation along Tham Luong canal has been considered as a major source of pollutants that cause severe damage of the canal. Survey results indicate that wastewater flow generated from factories outside the industrial park is ranged from 30,000 to 40,000 m3/day, in which 2.4 tons of suspended solids are comprised. Total flow of wastewater generated from industrial parks such as Tan Tao, Tan Binh, Vinh Loc A, Tan Thoi Hiep is estimated to be more than 32,000 m3/day. This flowrate can potentially contribute about 6.4 tons of suspended solids into Tham Luong canal if the discharged wastewater can meet allowable standards. In addition, the canal can be damaged severely due to tons of air pollutants generated from stacks of textile processing factories and of waste illegally disposed along the canal. In recent years, climate change, including sea water rise, causes severe flooding for many areas in the world in general and in Vietnam in particular that affects production and human well- being. Researching to propose specific measures to mitigate effects of climate change is essential, which requires a committed determination and coordination of the whole society (i.e. residents, business leaders, authorities, NGOs). As described above, HCMC residents and economy are frequently affected by flooding and salinity intrusion becomes more severe during the past decades. Flooding in HCMC is considered as major priority needed to be resolved not only due to the large concentrations of people and assets in urban areas but also its direct impact on the city‘s economic growth. On top of rapid urbanization, the major targets proposed in Resolution 16.NQ-TW of the Politburo to sustain GDP growth at 1.5 times of national growth targets will require a serious consideration of urban flooding, its associated impacts, and exposure to the population at risk, economic activities, infrastructure, built-up areas and associated health issues. Under the guidelines of Vietnamese Government, Ministries and determination of HCMC government, several areas have been invested to reduce the effects of flooding. However, as predicted sea water rise due to climate change will proceed more rapidly and more dangerously that requires HCMC government to have mitigation measures. Budget required is expected considerably to undertake this mission, but HCMC is having difficulty in mobilizing the financial sources for the projects relating to flood mitigation measures. Several organizations, in recent years, have supported HCMC government to construct and operate facilities relating to drainage, flood control and pollutants removal. Some typical projects are currently effectively operating, including irrigation facilities along Sai Gon River (AFD), Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh City environmental sanitation (Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe Basin) (World Bank (WB)), urban development project (WB), and improving the quality of the water in the Tau Hu-Ben Nghe-Doi (JICA). 2 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Mitigation measures on urban flooding have been actively undertaken recently, where the following works have been carried out: maintaining (dredging and repairing drainage pipes and manholes), researching on alternative methods for operating 30 mobile and fixed pump stations (44 pumps) and 2 tidal sluice gates to avoid flooding in the city center, installing 246 drainage pipes with total length of 333.4 km, mobilizing manpower from ―Green Summer Campaign‖ and residents to dredge 233 canals to improve the landscape, environment and sanitary, constructing and operating 1,077 tidal valves and improving operation procedures of tidal sluice gate to reduce flooding while waiting for projects under Plan 1574, undertaking 219 projects under government‘s budget to reduce or delete flooding in several places. Integrated flood risk management approach for HCMC, under support of the World Bank, is established to continually improve drainage systems, flood control and environmental sanitation for the City, where a focal point will be a catchment of Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal. 1.1.2. Objectives of the Project General Objectives The proposed Project Development Objective is to reduce flood risk and improve drainage in selected areas in Ho Chi Minh City Accordingly, the general objectives of the proposed project are followings: - Enhancing the management capability in order to prevent flooding in combination with to improve the environment sanitation in Ho Chi Minh city. - Coordinating with the projects of relevant plans in order to ensure tide control, drainage for flood reduction in the core inner city (taking the climate change into account). - Aligning with the World Bank‘s twin goal of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared property. - The aforesaid objectives are fully consistent with the World Bank Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for 2012-2016 in the outcomes 2.3 and 3.2, which are the enhancement of preparedness for natural hazards and climate change, and the improvement of basic infrastructure and public service delivery and access, respectively. Specific Objectives - Conducting the flood prevention and drainage plan for the Ho Chi Minh core inner city, comprising: improvement of the drainage and storage capacity of Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len main canal and secondary canals; finishing the drainage and flood prevention systems for Go Vap district, which belongs to Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len basin with total area of 14.900 ha in the 9 districts of Ho Chi Minh City. - Conducting feasibility studies of tidal sluice gates under Plan 1547 approved by the Prime Minister for tide control in the core inner city. 3 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - Building and strengthening the capability and institution for the integrated urban flood risk management in Ho Chi Minh city, including the execution management and operation of drainage and flood prevention systems, early warning system, inter - reservoir operation, ground water extraction management and urban development, etc. - Improving the environment sanitation conditions, creating good landscape for Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len basin. Improving the people‘s lives, ending extreme poverty, increasing the income of about 2 million people in the catchment (Estimated population in 2020) 1.2. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework This chapter summarizes the Administrative Framework for the Project, covering national requirements as well as applicable international treaties and conventions, and internal guidelines and standards voluntarily committed to by the World Bank. The intent of this chapter is to lay out the regulatory and non-regulatory performance requirements for all stages of the Project. 1.2.1. National Legal Obligation The National Assembly is the highest legislative body in Vietnam and is responsible for enacting framework legislation. The Government uses the legislation as a framework to develop policies, decisions, decrees and directives. Ministries (at the National level) within their area of competence issue guidelines and standards and ensure implementation of the same. The guidelines and standards issued by the Ministries are in line with Government policies and within the legislative framework issued by the National Assembly. At the provincial level, People‘s Committees take the role of Ministries. Summary of Applicable Legal Obligation National environmental and social standards and targets in Vietnam are mainly derived from the Environmental Protection Law No. 55/2014/QH13 by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam adopted on June 23, 2014. Section 3 of Chapter 2 of this Law provides related issues of environmental impact assessment for development activities. The report of environmental impact assessment must be carried out in the project preparation stage. Objects, conditions of implementing environmental impact assessment and evaluation and approval of reports specified in Chapter IV, Article 12, 13 and 14 of Decree No. 18/2015/ ND-CP by the Government dated February 14th, 2015 provides environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. The LEP‘s associated Decrees, Decisions and Circulars prescribe the various environmental and social regulations‘. Some relevant standards and targets are also contained in health and safety legislation. These regulations refer to the official Vietnamese standards and national technical regulations abbreviated as TCVNs (Tieu Chuan Viet Nam) and QCVNs (Quy Chuan Viet Nam). The national standards and technical regulations generally prescribe maximum permissible levels of 4 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 pollutants, such as emissions or waste streams. Individual provinces can establish their own standards but these must be more stringent that the national standards. This EIA has been prepared in consideration of and in compliance with the following legal obligations which govern such development processes: Legislation - Law of Environmental Protection No. 55/2014/QH13, dated 23 June 2014, issued by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Water Resources Law No. 17/2012/QH13, dated June 21, 2012, issued by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Labour Law No. 10/2012 /QH13, dated 18 June 2012, issued by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Biodiversity Law No. 20/2008/QH12, dated 13 November 2008, issued by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam - Law on Chemicals No. 06/2007/QH12, dated 21 November 2007, issued by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Standards and Technical Regulations Law No. 68/2006/QH11, dated 29 June 2006, issued by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - The Constitution of The Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2013; - Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13, dated 29 November 2013, issued by the National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; effective from 1 July 2014. Decree - Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP, dated 14 February 2015, on detailed regulation for implementing some articles of the Environmental Protection Law, issued by the Government; - Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP, dated 14 February 2015, providing environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plans, issued by the Government; - Decree No. 80/2014/ND-CP, dated 6 August 2014, on drainage and wastewater treatment, issued by the Government; - Decree No. 179/2013/ND-CP, dated 14 November 2013, on the handling of violations of law in environmental protection , issued by the Government; - Decree No. 15/2013/ND-CP, dated 6 February 2013, on the management of construction works quality; issued by the Government; 5 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - Decree No. 26/2011/ND-CP, dated 8 April 2011, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No. 108/2008/ ND-CP of October 7, 2008, detailing and guiding a number of articles of the Chemical Law, issued by the Government; - Decree No. 12/2009/ND-CP, dated 12 February 2009 and Decree No. 83/2009/ND-CP, dated 15 October 2009, on the management of the construction investment project , issued by the Government; - Decree No. 59/2007/ND-CP, dated 9 April 2007, on Solid Waste Management, issued by the Government; - Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP, dated 1 August 2007, on "detailed regulation for implementing some articles of the Standards and Technical Regulations Law", issued by the Government; - Decree No. 43/2014/ND-CP dated 15/5/2014 of the Government on detailing a number of articles of the Land Law; - Decree No. 44/2014/ND-CP dated 15/5/2014 regulation on land price; - Decree No. 47/2014/ND-CP dated 15/5/2014 of the Government on compensation, support and resettlement upon land recovery by the State; - Decree No. 38/2013/ND-CP of April 23, 2013 on management and use of official development assistance (ODA) and concessional loans of donors; - Decree No. 201/2013/ND-CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government detailing the implementation a number of articles of the Law on Water Resources. Circular - Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT, dated 29 May 2015, detailing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No. 18/2015/ ND-CP on Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Protection Commitment, issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; - Circular No. 27/2013/TT-BLĐTBXH, dated 18 October 2013, providing for occupational safety and hygiene training, issued by Ministry of Labour, Invalid and Social Affairs. - Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT, dated 14 April 2011, stipulating hazardous waste management, issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; - Circular No. 28/2010/TT-BCT, dated 28 June 2010, detailing a number of articles of Chemical Law and Decree No. 108/2008/ND-CP detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Chemical Law, issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade; - Circular No. 16/2009/TT-BTNMT, dated 7 October 2009, defining national technical regulations on environment, issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; 6 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - Circular No. 36/2014 / TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2014, regulating method of valuation of land; construction, land price adjustment; specific land valuation and land valuation advisory; - Circular No. 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated on June 30, 2014 regulating compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State acquires land. Decision - Decision No. 16/2008/QĐ-BTNMT, dated 31 December 2008, on the promulgation of national technical regulation on environment, issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; - Decision No. 04/2008/QD-BTNMT, dated 18 July 2008, on the regulations of the National technical standard for environment, issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; - Decision No. 04/2008/QD-BXD, dated 3 April 2008, on the promulgation of national technical regulations on building codes, issued by the Ministry of Construction; - Decision No. 3733/2002/QD-BYT, dated 10 October 2002, promulgating hygienic standards in workplace; - Decision No. 1956/2009/QD-TTg, dated 17/11/2009, of GoV approving the Master Plan for vocational training for rural workers in 2020; - Decision No. 52/2012/QD-TTg, dated 16/11/2012, on policies to support employment and vocational training for farmer whose land is recovered by the State; - Decision No. 23/QĐ-UBND, issued on 15/5/2015 by Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee on Compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State recovers land in Ho Chi Minh. City. Technical Standards This EIA has also considered the following Vietnamese and other relevant environmental, safety, social and economic standards and technical regulations that are applicable to either the development of the Project site or the proposed activities to be conducted at the Project site. Water quality - QCVN 02:2009/BYT - National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality; - QCVN 01:2009/BYT - National Technical Regulation on Drinking Water Quality; - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Domestic Wastewater; - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - National technical standard on groundwater quality; - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical standard on surface water quality; 7 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Air Quality - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT- Air Quality - National technical standard on Ambient Air Quality; Noise and vibration - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Vibration; - TCVN 6962:2001 Vibration and shock. Vibration emitted by construction works and factories. Maximum permitted levels in the environment of public and residential areas - QCVN 3985:1999 Acoustics. Allowable noise levels at working place - TCVN 5948:1999 Acoustics. Noise emitted by accelerating road vehicles. Maximum Permitted Noise Level - TCVN 6436:1998 Acoustics. Noise emitted by stationary road vehicles. Maximum Permitted Noise Level Sediment - QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Sediment Quality Solid waste and hazardous waste - QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - National technical standard on threshold of hazardous waste; - TCVN 6705 : 2009 - Non-hazardous solid waste – Classification; Other regulations - TCVN 5507:2002 - Hazardous Chemicals - Code of practice for safety in production, commerce, use, handling and transportation; Legal Aspects of the Project - Decision No. 752/QĐ-TTg, dated 19 June 2001, approving the Master Plan of drainage system in Ho Chi Minh City to 2020, issued by the Prime of Government; - Document No. 1131 / CP-CN, dated 13 August 2004, approving the pre-feasibility study report of drainage and pollution treatment for Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal, issued by the Prime of Government; - Decision No. 2064/QĐ-UB, dated 12 February 2007, approving the project of drainage and pollution treatment for Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal (phase 1) projects, issued by the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee; - Decision No. 589/QD-TTg, dated 20 May 2008, approving the master plan on construction of the Ho Chi Minh City region up to 2020, with a vision toward 2050, issued by the Prime of Government; 8 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - Decision No. 1547/QĐ-TTg, dated 28 October 2008, approving the master plan for flood prevention in Ho Chi Minh City, issued by the Prime of Government; - Decision No. 66/QĐ-UBND, dated 14 September 2009, approving the planning of the waterway network and port system in Ho Chi Minh City from now until 2020, issued by the the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee; - Decision No. 4107/QĐ-SGTVT, dated 16 December 2009, on the classification of inland waterways system of Ho Chi Minh City, issued by Department of Transportation of Ho Chi Minh City; - Decision No. 853/QĐ-BNN-KHCN, dated 06 April 2010, on the promulgation of technical standards applied in the calculation of hydraulic and hydrological irrigation against flooding of Ho Chi Minh City project , issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; - Decision No. 1600/QĐ-BNN-XDCB, dated 14 June 2010, on approving the results of calculations of hydraulic and hydrological irrigation against flooding of Ho Chi Minh City project , issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; - Profile of geological and topographical surveys performed by TV&CGCN on April 2009; - Evaluation Flood Risk Management Report performed by consultancy partnership Deltares, Royal Haskoning DHV, VMEC on April 2015; - Environmental Impact Assessment Reports of seven project components; - Feasible Study of seven project components; - Project Description; and - Flood Risk Management – Ho Chi Minh City (World Bank, 2013). 1.2.2. World Bank‟s Safeguard Policies and Guidelines The environmental impact assessment study for the sanitation project is designed to evaluate its status with respect to all applicable World Bank Safeguard Policies as well as national legislation. According to Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment (http://go.worldbank.org/OSARUT0MP0), the overall project is classified as Category A project and therefore requires the completion of full-scale EIA. OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment The objectives of the World Bank‘s safeguard policies OP 4.01 for Environmental Assessment is: (i) to inform decision makers of the nature of environmental and social risks, (ii) to ensure that projects proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable (promote positive impacts, avoid/mitigate negative impacts, (iii) to support integration of environmental and social aspects of projects in the decision-making process, and 9 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 (iv) to increase transparency and provide mechanism for participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process for the project (WB Safeguards Workshop 2010). The project triggers the Bank safeguard policy on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and is classified as Category A project due to significant impacts associated with the proposed investments/activities under components 1 and 2. On the positive side, the project will help reduce flood risk and improve environmental conditions in Tham Luong- Ben Cat basin in Ho Chi Minh City therefore, overall the project will bring positive impacts to degraded waterways such as Saigon River. However, there will be temporary, site-specific environmental impacts primarily during the construction period (due to air pollution, noise and vibration due to the operation of heavy equipment, waste generation at the construction site, and traffic interferences),. Other key negative impacts during construction would include generation of land acquisition for canal rehabilitation; the loss of land for affected people; the risk on landslide and subsidence during the construction of canal embankment and from construction interceptor using pipe jacking method; the generation of excavated soil and dredged sediments from the rehabilition of the main canal, secondary connecting canals and construction of interceptor, primary and secondary sewer network in Go Vap district, which would require the appropriate disposal solution. At the operational period, the environmental concerns would include maintenance activities and awareness raising for the local people to ensure the aesthetic, proper functions of structural works preventing flood risks. In addition; better monitoring, evaluation and management of pollution sources entering the rehabilitated canal are critical to the sustainability of the project. OP/BP 4.04 on Natural Habitat The policies is triggered as the project interventions including dredging, canal rehabilitation, and land clearing will be located primarily in urban area.The project is expected to have positive impacts on natural habitats such as the rehabilitated canal and rivers. OP/BP 4.11 on Physical Cultural Resources The project activities take place in urban areas of OP/BP 4.11 HCMC, specifically along the TL- BC-NC canal of 32.7 km where PCRs are unknown. However, the policy is triggered as the Project involves excavation and dredging activities which may result in chance finds. OP/BP 7.50 Project on International Waterways OP 7.50 is triggered to the project since the Saigon River and its tributaries are international waterways given the nature of project activities. The project interventions include rehabilitation, additions, improvements and upgrading of the Tham Luong – Ben Cat– Rach Nuoc Len Canal system. The location of the proposed project is in HCMC in the basin of the Tham Luong-Ben Cat-Nuoc Len (TL-BC-NC) canal which is 32.7 km long, covers an area of about 14,900 ha and occupies 30% of the HCMC inner city area. The waters of this canal are hydraulically connected with 10 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Saigon River (which is an international river), Cho Dem River (national river), and several catchments such as Tham Luong-Ben Cat, Saigon West, and Binh Tan. The relevant characteristics of these two main rivers are:  Cho Dem River is a tributary of Saigon River and runs exclusively within Vietnam, and Vietnam is the lowest downstream riparian of the Saigon River which is an international waterway that eventually discharges to the South China Sea;  Saigon River originates in Cambodia and meets the Cho Dem River at the downstream, near its confluence with the Dong Nai River after which Sai Gon River turns into Nha Be River, which discharges to the South China Sea; and  Both Cho Dem and Saigon Rivers are part of the Dong Nai River Basin. OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent feasible, or to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts. It promotes participation of displaced people in resettlement planning and implementation, and its key economic objective is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement. As required by the policy, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) have been prepared for the project. The project triggers OP4.12 on Involuntary BP 4.12 Resettlement because it will cause physical and economic displacement of people Public Consultation and Information Disclosure According to WB‘s safeguard policy OP 4.01 for category A project, proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, during the EA process, the borrower consults project-affected groups and local non- governmental organizations (NGOs) about the project's environmental aspects and takes their views into account. The borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. For Category A projects, the borrower consults these groups at least twice: (a) shortly after environmental screening and before the terms of reference for the EA are finalized; and (b) once a draft EA report is prepared. In addition, the borrower consults with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EA-related issues that affect them. The document with the summary of main investment items, key environmental issues, and environmental protection solutions associated with the project should be sent to organizations and individuals participating in the public consultation in a timely manner, in an understandable language and at an accessible place prior to the public consultation. The World Bank Group‟s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines (WBG‟s EHS Guidelines) While the normal World Bank Policy for Environmental Assessment is guided by Operational Policy/Bank Procedure (OP/BP) 4.01 represent the guidance for the ESIA and sustainable social 11 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 and environmental management for the Project, the IFC‘s EHS Guidelines provide guidance on general and industry best practice as well as recommended numerical limits for emissions to the atmosphere, noise, liquid and solid wastes, hazardous wastes, health and safety, and other aspects of industrial facilities and other types of development projects. The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). The World Bank group uses the EHS Guidelines as a technical source of information during environmental assessment process In general, where different standards are prescribed by the different agencies, the most stringent of the national and international standards will apply to the Project: ―When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.‖ (IFC General EHS Guidelines, page 1). Overall, the IFC‘s EHS Guidelines are the more comprehensive and stringent. Compliance with national standards is always required. Table 1.1 Applicable WBG‘s EHS Guidelines Applicable IFC‟s EHS Guidelines General Environmental Guidelines 1. Environment 1.1 Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality 1.2 Energy Conservation 1.3 Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality 1.4 Water Conservation 1.5 Hazardous Materials Management 1.6 Waste Management 1.7 Noise 1.8 Contaminated Land General Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines 2. Occupational Health and Safety 12 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 2.1 General Facility and Design and Operation 2.2 Communications and Training 2.3 Physical Hazards 2.4 Chemical Hazards 2.5 Biological Hazards 2.6 Radiological Hazards 2.7 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 2.8 Special Hazards Environments 2.9 Monitoring General Community Health and Safety 3.1 Water Quality and Availability 3.2 Structural Safety and Project Infrastructure 3.3 Life and Fire Safety (L&FS) 3.4 Traffic Safety 3.5 Transport of Hazardous Materials 3.6 Disease Prevention 3.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response General Construction and Demolition Guidelines 4.1 Environment 4.2 Occupational Health and Safety 4.3 Community Health and Safety Sectors Specific EHS Guidelines 1.2.3. Other international treaties and conventions - Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCC on Climate Change (1997); - United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (1992); - Basel Convention (1989); - Ramsar Convention on Wetland (1971); - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Red List of 13 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Threatened Species (1964). The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change (UNFCC) Vietnam became a signatory to the UNFCC in 1998 with full accession in 2002. This obligates Vietnam to assure that future development in the country meets the conditions of the Convention. Relevant to this project are impacts associated with water rise resulted from climate change and its proposed mitigation measures. The United Nations Convention on Biodiversity 1992 This Convention seeks to conserve biodiversity and promote its sustainable use. It requires the identification and monitoring of the biodiversity in an area and adopting the necessary conservation measure. Vietnam became party to this Convention in 1994. The Basel Convention 1989 This was developed under the auspices of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) in response to the growing worldwide awareness of the problem of international traffic in hazardous waste. The Basel Convention 1989 is the first and foremost global environmental treaty that strictly regulates the trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes. It obligates parties to ensure environmentally sound management, especially during the disposal process. The objectives of the Convention are to:  Ensure that waste is disposed of as near as possible to the place or source of its generation;  Reduce trans-boundary waste and where it cannot be avoided, to be disposed of in an environmentally sound and efficient manner; and  Provide assistance to developing countries in the management of hazardous waste and the generation. The Convention places a ban on the export of hazardous waste from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries to non-OECD countries. The Ramsar Convention The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty adopted on 2 February 1971 with the mission ―the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local, regional and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world‖. In 1989, Vietnam signed on to the Ramsar Convention and become the fifty country of this Convention. As a commitment to the Ramsar Convention, Vietnam has committed for national action and international cooperation on conservation and use of wetlands. International Union for Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources, Red List of Threatened Species 14 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The IUSCN Red List, in 1964, was founded in order to provide a comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species, and to set of precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are applicable to all species and all regions of the world. Following the guidelines of the IUSCN Red List, Vietnam‘s Red List was produced in 1992, updated in 2007, and has been an effective guideline for conservation of extinction species in Vietnam. 15 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1. Project name ―HO CHI MINH CITY FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT” 2.1.1. Sponsor World Bank (WB) 2.1.2. Governing body, project owner Governing body: People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City. - Address : 86 Le Thanh Ton, District 1, Ho Chi Minh city - Phone number : +84 8 38226191 - Fax : +84 8 38296723 Project owner: The steering center of Urban Flood control program of Ho Chi Minh city - Address : 10 Trần Nhật Duật, Tan Dinh Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh city - Phone number : +84 8 3526 7497 - Fax : +84 8 3526 5354 The Agency performing owner tasks: Project Management Unit (PMU) of Works Contruction. - Address : 176 Hai Bà Trưng, Đa Kao ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh city - Phone number : +84 8 38232119 - Fax : +84 8 38232119 2.1.3. Estimated project duration - Project preparation stage: 2013 – 2016 - Project implementation stage: 2016 – 2021 2.1.4. Project site ThamLuong – BenCat - NuocLen channel system is located in central of Hochiminh city (North East – South West), which flow into Sai Gon river and Cho Dem river. Project area: 14,899 hectares (accounting of 7% of city natural area). The proposed project has construction works which is located in nine (09) districts of HCMC such as Binh Thanh district, Go Vap district, district 12, Tan Binh district, Tan Phu district, Binh Tan district, district 8, Binh Chanh district and Nha Be district. 16 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 2.1 Master plan of HCM City Flood Risk Management Project. Natural Area of project: 14,899 hectares, divided by district as follow 17 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 2.1 Project area divided by districts Area of Area of urban Urban ratio No District Total area (ha) Agriculture land (ha) (%) land (ha) 1 District 12 3,083.4 2,244.4 839 73 2 Go Vap District 1,915.7 1,827.5 88.2 95 3 Tan Binh District 525.1 525.1 0-0 100 4 Tan Phu Disrict 1,706.5 1,654.7 51.8 97 5 Binh Tan District 1,445.6 1,044.6 401.0 72 6 Hoc Mon District 1,526.1 584.3 914.8 41 Binh Chanh 7 4,589.1 2,117.1 2,472.0 46 District 8 District 8 93.3 93.3 0,0 100 Binh Thanh 9 14.2 14.2 0,0 100 District Total 14,899 9,698.4 5,200.6 79 Source: Feasibility Study report, 2015. 2.1.5. Project‟s beneficiaries Once the infrastructure works are put into use (comprising tidal sluice gates, improved canals and sewers for flood prevention, interceptor sewers and wastewater treatment plants), flooding caused by tide and rain would be controlled, contributing to the growth of kry services - tourism, industries, high - tech and sustainable agriculture. The direct project beneficiaries are the following: (i) Close to 550,000 direct beneficiaries will be protected from flood control measures and improved sanitation, in addition to 500,000 indirect beneficiaries living in the sub- catchment, of which 51.9% of the population are women; (ii) City and National level agencies involved in flood risk management who will benefit from new equipment and capacity strengthening activities ; and (iii) FDI and private enterprises, most of them in industrial zones, who will benefit through improvement in infrastructure and reduced disruption due to flooding. Of this total population, 5.6% are estimated to be in the bottom 40% of Vietnam‘s income distribution, and 1.3% is estimated to be poor by the national poverty line of 653,000 VND per person per month in 2010. 2.1.6. Project description and components 18 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 This project will help reduce flood risk and improve drainage in selected areas in HCMC through a combination of (i) institutional development measures and tools needed to enhance the performance of relevant flood risk management agencies (SCFC, Southern Regional Center for Hydrometeorological Forecasting, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, etc.); and (ii) ―no/low regrets‖ structural investments to minimize flooding to the inner core area of HCMC. The complementary nature of these two components aligns with best practices in integrated flood risk reduction to address both structural (Component 2), non-structural and institutional (Component 1) aspects of flood risk management process. Part of this process, especially the structural investments, will help improve drainage in selected areas to specifically contribute to flood risk reduction. Component 1 - Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management (Total Cost: US$ 13 million, from Loan Proceeds) This component will contribute to reducing flood risk by strengthening the capacity of the HCMC SCFC and other public institutions to better plan and implement flood risk management measures (including disaster preparedness through flood forecasting, early warning, flood emergency response, and risk reduction through risk sensitive spatial and sector planning), as well as safeguard the water quality and the health of the people living along the proposed canals. - Subcomponent 1.1 – Modernization of Hydromet Equipment and Flood Forecasting System. Improving flood forecasting capacity of the Southern Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (SCHMF), with specific focus on urban flooding in HCMC, including: (i) Installation of 05 weather stations, 01 C-band bi-polar weather radar, 80 rainfall stations and 20 hydrological stations; (ii) Upgrading of the numerical weather and flood forecasting models; (iii) Extension of the telemetry system; and (iv) Implementing a flood forecasting system based upon a wide variety of meteorological data and the hydrological-hydrodynamic model developed by SCFC under sub-component 1.2. The modernization of the hydromet observation network and improvement of the flood forecasting system for HCMC, including equipment specifications and forecasting platform, will follow the architecture design and standards of the national hydromet equipment upgrading and forecasting system that is being supported by the on-going Vietnam – Managing Natural Hazards Project. - Subcomponent 1.2 - Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management and Early Warning System. Strengthening city‘s capacity on flood risk reduction investments planning, preparedness, early warning dissemination and emergency response including: (i) Establishment of a city- level Operations/Command Center at SCFC, fully equipped with hardware and software, facilitating the collection, storage, retrieval, presentation and dissemination of flood related information; (ii) Establishment of an Integrated Flood Information System at SCFC connecting to the office of the HCMC People‘s Committee and other public institutions, outreaching to flood vulnerable communities; (iii) Development of a reliable detailed integrated hydrological – hydrodynamic model for HCMC to be used jointly for flood 19 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 forecasting, flood hazard mapping and the evaluation of flood protection measures; and (iv) Production and updating of flood hazard and flood risk maps for HCMC. - Subcomponent 1.3 - Water Quality Monitoring Equipment. Installation of 6 monitoring stations along the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal and a study on sediment management will be financed by the project budget, and managed by city‘s Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE). Additional strengthening of the water quality monitoring program and improvement of local capacity for solid waste management will be financed directly by HCMC‘s budget. Component 2 - Priority Flood Risk Reduction Interventions (Total Cost: US$324 million, of which US$ 304 million from loan proceeds and US$ 21 million from counterpart funds) This component will contribute to reducing flood risks and improving drainage in the Tham Luong –Ben Cat sub-catchment through significant prioritized no-regret structural measures proposed in the JICA Plan (Plan 752) and MARD Plan (Plan 1547). Counterpart funding will be used to finance land-acquisition and resettlement, while the loan proceeds will finance the design, implementation, contingency and construction supervision costs. The scope of this Component includes: - Construction of two (2) combined ship lock - tidal sluice gates of Vam Thuat and Rach Nuoc Len in Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal to control tidal water inflows; - Upgrading/Improvement of canal bank revetments in the main canal of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len to improve its ability to discharge flood waters at the appropriate designed safety level including green structures where appropriate; - Construction of main interceptor and upgrading of primary and secondary combined storm water drainage and waste water sewage system at the appropriate designed safety levels to improve rainwater discharge and environmental sanitation capacity in Go Vap district; Upgrading/Improvement of secondary canals that are connected with primary Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len Canal at the appropriate designed safety level to improve the urban flood management and to reduce the pollution of the Canal and Sai Gon River with sewage water. Additionally, this component will finance supports to civil works implementation, including technical, fiduciary, and safeguards aspects, as well as to the preparation of feasibility study for two (02) other MARD Plan‘s Cay Kho and Phu Dinh tidal sluice gates. Component 3 - Implementation Support (Total Cost: US$ 11 million, from counterpart funds) This component will provide support SCFC for project implementation, Project Technical and Financial Audits, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E), and other operating costs. Training to City‘s PMU on procurement, financial management and safeguard policies will be provided by the World Bank in combination with other World Bank-funded projects‘ training program. 20 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 2.2. Technical Considerations for Component 1 Subcomponent 1.1 - Modernization of Hydromet Equipment and Flood Forecasting System. Improving flood forecasting capacity of the Southern Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (SCHMF), with a specific focus on urban flooding in Ho Chi Minh City. Monitoring coverage of the flood prone areas in Ho Chi Minh City is currently insufficient in terms of quantity and quality to support the implementation of a reliable flood forecasting system. In addition, expansion of the water level sensors in the city canal system is also needed for the control of the two tidal sluice gates to be constructed under this project. The project will support the acquisition and installation of the following monitoring equipment: 5 weather stations, 80 rainfall stations and 20 hydrological stations, the last ones distributed equally along rivers and along city canals. A new weather radar has been proposed to significantly increase the quality of rainfall observations. The choice of C-band bi-polar equipment will enable the nowcasting of rainfall impacting the city a few hours ahead. Altogether, the new weather radar is an essential component in the forecasting system and allows for a reduction in the earlier proposed density of the extended rainfall gauge network. Increased operation and maintenance costs associated with the radar have been considered and will addressed in the sustainability plans for project investments. The significant extension of the monitoring network requires an increase in telemetry capacity. Increased transmission of data also implies the need for more data storage capacity at SCHMF. In addition, there is a need for extending the capacity of data transmission lines. As a consequence, also data back-up services have to be re-assessed, in particular with the current trend of using the cloud for such service. Upgrading of the numerical weather models, based upon the weather modelling systems Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) and High Resolution Regional Model (HRM), respectively, is also essential for the reliability of flood forecasts for Ho Chi Minh City. The model grid size will decrease from 16 km to 2 km, nearly enough to foresee the growth of potentially damaging convective storms. The upgraded software will be supplied through the on- going Vietnam – Managing Natural Hazards project (VN-Haz), including consultancy services to calibrate the new models. The higher frequency of forecast simulations and the denser network leads to the need to increase computer hardware capacity. The flood forecasting system providing flood level forecasts for HCMC will be developed and installed at SCHMF. Apart from the mandate SCHMF has for flood forecasting it is also the most logical location as it is strongly connected to the quality and completeness of the incoming monitored data and the numerical weather model results. While the flood forecasting system is operational at SCHMF, SCFC will be guaranteed to receive instantaneously the same information as available at SCHMF, for further actions related to early warning and flood emergency response, and be provided with the functionality to do ―what-if‖ scenario simulations with the system. 21 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The flood forecasting system will be built upon an IT platform which allows for the processing of all sources of meteorological data, such as satellite images, numerical weather model results, weather radar images and ground stations. The flood forecasting platform should enable the incoming data quality control, gap filling, rainfall data aggregation to quantify precipitation on hydrological sub-basins, etc. It will also allow for the coupling of various hydrological and hydrodynamic models. In particular, it will couple the integrated hydrological – hydrodynamic model for Ho Chi Minh City to be developed by SCFC. In addition, it will couple the coastal model for the simulation of tides and storm surges at the East Sea. The platform should also allow for a future extension of the models to include the Dong Nai catchment upstream of the reservoirs. Software will be made available through the VN-Haz Project, which envisages the installation of one common flood forecasting system over the complete area of Vietnam. For the implementation for HCMC, the work involves the tailoring of the system by specifying and activating the connection of data flows, connection of the models via adaptors, defining the frequency of data refreshment and model simulations, activation of processes and processing results for agreed dissemination. In cooperation with SCFC, this activity will be taken up by the VN-Haz project as a pilot for the country wide flood forecasting system development. However, the delivery of required hardware will be supported under this HCMC subcomponent. Subcomponent 1.2 - Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management and Early Warning System. Strengthening the city’s capacity on flood risk reduction to support: investment and spatial planning, preparedness, early warning dissemination, and response. The Operations Center to be established at SCFC will be much more than a platform showing flood forecasting results. A database will be built containing a wide variety of information relevant to floods, such as flood hazard and risk maps, web cam images, detailed information on the flood defense system, evacuation routes and refuge accommodation, locations of public administration, hospitals, police and fire stations, industries, etc. If development timelines allow, the database software will be the same as the database under development for the DRM project of VN-Haz. The need for backups of databases has been discussed and the project should consider the choice between fixed location backup and the use of cloud services, such as provided by Microsoft, for example. Criteria for selection will have to be reliability and costs. Functional design and database will be developed, and should include an analysis of public participation, line agencies to be connected and information flows have to be defined and established. Investments in physical housing, data storage, screens, electronic billboards, etc. are planned under this subcomponent. During implementation, specific areas like crowd-sourcing data collection and sharing will be finalized with the City. For flood management planning and for the flood simulations as part of the flood forecasts, SCFC needs a reliable hydrological – hydrodynamic model, which will be built/upgraded from the existing models. This model will have to cover the Dong Nai Basin downstream of the two main upstream reservoirs and down to the sea, as well as the description of the primary 22 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 underground drainage system in the urban area. It will help improve coordination with upstream reservoirs. Maps of flood hazards and flood risks for the city area will be produced as a result of the model, and updated/maintained regularly by SCFC. Subcomponent 1.3 - Water Quality Monitoring Equipment This activity will be financed by the project budget, and managed by the city‘s Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE). It should be noted that the automatic sampling only partly substitutes manual sampling, as there will still be a need to sample for parameters such as heavy metals, phosphates and nitrates. Two of these stations have recently been installed by Ho Chi Minh City. From the 39 remaining installations 6 will be financed from this project budget. Focus is the monitoring of water quality improvements following the dredging of the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. In addition, a sediment management study of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal is proposed to help the city in better managing sedimentation and establishing a dredging plan. Strengthening of the water quality monitoring program and improvement of local capacity for solid waste management will be financed directly by Ho Chi Minh City‘s budget. Maintenance The investments in monitoring equipment, in particular the radar installation, will require future maintenance. In addition, the installations will increase the need for staffing. It has to be realized that non-structural flood management provisions such as a forecasting system have a high economic rate of return. Due to the fact this value is hardly measurable, there is a tendency to neglect its importance after installation of the services. Currently, maintenance budgets in Ho Chi Minh City are already low. It is strongly recommended to allocate sufficient maintenance resources for Component 1. 2.3. Technical Options for Component 2 2.3.1. Subcomponent 2.1 - Two (02) combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: Vam Thuat and Nuoc Len.  Vam Thuat tidal sluice gates Location: at the Vam Thuat river mouth in District 12 and Binh Thanh, Ho Chi Minh city. At this location, tide and flood from Saigon river into the central area through Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len canal will be prevented. 23 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 2.2 Location map of Vam Thuat Sluice gate with ship lock. Main technical solutions: - Vam Thuat tidal sluice gates designed for 2 separated ship lock and sluice gate. Ship lock is arrange two sides and priorily constructed cofferdams. Vam Thuat is designed with sluice span of B = 52 m, bottom elevation of -4.5 m, and selected 2 lock chambers with B = 8x2 = 16 m. Its design ensures to combine with requirements of waterway trasportation such as waterway grade V, self- propelled ship load is from 10 to 50 tons with the largest length of 17.4 m and the largest width of 4.78 m; - Gate design options  For lock chambers, using rectangular gate;  For sluice chambers, using flap gate 24 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 2.3 Perspective view of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate. Table 2.2 Sum of works scale for Vam Thuat tidal sluice gates No Items unit Scale Notes I.1 Ship lock Open with reinforced 1 Work type concrete. 2 Lock Width m 8.0 x2 Length of head of ship locks with self- 3 m 18.0 x2 Reinforced concrete regulating gate. Reinforced concrete 4 Length of lock chambers m 30.0 wall 5 Bottom elevation m -4.50 6 Chamber bottom elevation m -4.50 One way opening and 7 Top gate elevation m +2.50 closing, rectangular gate I.2 Sluice gate Open with reinforced 1 Work type concrete. 2 Sluice width m 52.0 2x26 m Length of approach canal behind sluice Prestressed concrete 3 m 84.0 gate pile 25 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 No Items unit Scale Notes Width of approach canal behind sluice 4 m 55.50 gate 5 Length of sluice body m 22.0 6 Sluice bottom elevation m -4.50 Reinforced by gabion 7 Top gate elevation m +2.50 Steel flap gate Appoach canal before and after sluice II gate. Prestressed concrete 1 Upstream approach canal pile Reinforced by gabion + Span of canal bed m 55.5÷99.25 mattress + Canal slope coefficient 0 + Canal bed elevation m -4.50÷-5.0 +Length of canal m 30.00 + Canal bank elevation. m +2.20 Prestressed concrete 2 Downstream approach canal pile Reinforced by gabion + Span of canal bed m 55.5÷99.5 mattress + Canal slope coefficient 0 + Canal bed elevation m -4.50÷-5.25 + Canal length m 30.00 + Canal bank elevation m +2.20 III Management building 1 Surrounding area m² Be inside sluice area 2 Construction area m² 100.0 IV Corridor 1 Length of corridor m 166 2 Span of corridor m 9&11 Left and right bank 26 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 No Items unit Scale Notes Interlocking concrete 3 Corridor structure pavement 4 Park areas m² 3,320 V Internal and along canal roads 1 Length of main road m 166x2 2 Width of main road m 7.0 Asphalt lining 3 Lenghth of internal road m 230 4 Width of internal road m 5.0 Asphalt lining  Nuoc Len tidal sluice gates Location: At the Nuoc Len canal mouth in Binh Tan District, Ho Chi Minh city. At this location, tide and flood from Cho Dem river into the central area through Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len canal will be prevented. Figure 2.4 Location map of Nuoc Len Sluice gate with ship lock. 27 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Main technical solutions: - Nuoc Len tidal sluice gates designed for 2 separated ship lock and sluice gate. Ship lock is arranged two sides and priorily constructed cofferdams; - Ship lock has 2 lock chambers with 8m of width, using rectangular gates. A chamber with gate is structured by reinforced concrete. A watertight chamber enclosed boats is 30m of length, and structured by reinforced concrete; - The culvert section with non waterway transport is used flap gate which opened or closed as required. The culvert width B = 30 m. The later is 30 m length canal before leading into the main canal which is reinforced by gabions and prestressed concrete pile wall. Figure 2.5 Perspective view of Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate. 28 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 2.3 Sum of works scale for Nuoc Len tidal sluice gates No Items Unit Scale Note I.1 Navigation locks Open with reinforced 1 Work type concrete 2 Lock width m 8.0x2 Length of head of ship lock with self- 3 m Reinforced concrete regulating gate 18.0 x2 4 Length of lock chambers m 30.00 Prestressed concrete pile wall 5 Sluice bottom elevation m -4.00 6 Chamber bottom elevation m -4.00 One way opening or closing, 7 Top gate elevation m +2.50 rectangular gate I.2 Sluice Open with reinforced 1 Work type concrete 2 Sluice width m 30.0 3 Length of approach canal behind sluice gate m 84.0 Prestressed concrete pile 4 Width of approach canal behind sluice gate m 30.5 5 Length of sluice body m 22.0 6 Sluice bottom elevation m -4.00 reinforced by gabions 7 Top gate elevation m +2.50 Steel flap gate Appoach canal before and after sluice II gate 1 Upstream approach canal Prestressed concrete pile Reinforced by gabion + Span of canal bed m 71.25 mattresss + Canal slope coefficient 0 + Canal bed elevation m -4.00 + Canal length m 30.0 29 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 No Items Unit Scale Note + Canal bank elevation m +2.20 2 Downstream approach canal Prestressed concrete pile Reinforced by gabion + Span of canal bed m 71.50 mattresss + Canal slope coefficient 0 + Canal bed elevation m -4.50 + Canal length m 30.0 + Canal bank elevation m +2.20 III Management building 1 Surrounding area m² Be inside sluice area 2 Construction area m² 100.0 IV Corridor area 1 Length of corridor m 166 2 Span of corridor m 15 & 17 Left and right bank Interlocking concrete 3 Corridor structure pavement V Internal and along canal roads 1 Length of main road m 166x2 2 Width of main road m 7.0 Asphalt lining Hydological and hydraulic I VI Work grade features II Stability, structural features 2.3.2. Subcomponent 2.2 - Construction of embankments in Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len canal Location: Tham - Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len canal is the main south - north axis of the city and it is one of Works under Plan 1547 for flood prevention. The canal is through the following districts: Binh Chanh, 8, Binh Tan, Tan Phu, Tan Binh, 12, Go Vap, Binh Thanh, in Ho Chi Minh city. This canal drains for Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len basin with the total area is about 14,900 ha. 30 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Main technical solutions: This is a combined option for revetment/earthwork of the full 32.7km of length on each canal bank in its original footprint. Investments include 20.6km of concrete piles (Km6.9 - Km27.6) and 12.2km of slope revetment (Km0.0 - Km6.9 and Km20.6-Km32.7). These works will increase flood discharge capacity and storage capacity of the canal. The design safety level of the canal embankment will be at 10 year return period. Various options of canal structures and revetments were considered from economic and environmental perspectives. Options for eco-friendly embankment designs have been recommended considering that they improve water environment conditions, provide public recreation space and tourist attractions. Figure 2.6 Struture of vertical embankment with slope emabankment. Table 2.4 Bridges on main canal No. Bridge‟s name Location Description Bridge over Canal 19-5 K17+915 1 One span of 24.54 m length Lo Voi K27+507 Bridge over Canal 19-5 K13+762 Bridge over Rach Cut K24+997 K26+682 K26+682 2 Three span of 18.60 m length Bridge over Rach Sau K27+244 Bridge over Rach Hai Vit K29+847 Bridge over Rach Lang K31+547 31 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 No. Bridge‟s name Location Description K0+582 K13+762 Bridge over Rach Chia K2+423 Bridge over Rach Ba Tieng K2+606 Bridge over Rach Hung Nhon K4+079 K5+356 K5+356 3 Bridge over Rach Cau Kinh K6+256 Three span of 12.50 m length K7+883 K7+883 Bridge over Rach Ba Mien K27+283 Bridge over Rach Dat Set K27+825 Bridge overa Rach Cau Mat K30+168 Bridge over Rach Cau Van K31+266 2.3.3. Subcomponent 2.3 - Selected storm and waste water systems in Go Vap District Location: Location of the drainaige culvert system: Along the right bank of Tham Luong – Ben Cat canal, in the defined width of the technical border (BKT) : 20.0 m counting from the edge of the canal, and filling the ground by sand for construction road later (with the clearance border of 20 m which had been carried out in stage 1 of the project on drainage and pollution improvement for Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len. - Starting point of the drain: Cho Cau bridge - Go Vap District (K0 (m)); - Ending point of the drain: Collecting wells of the waste water treatment plan at An Phu Dong ward, District 12 ( K0+9.073 (m)). 32 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 2.7 Administrative map of Go Vap and Binh Thanh District and project‘s border. Main technical solutions: A 9km-of-length main interceptor will be constructed to cover 1,772ha in Go Vap district. The interceptor will follow the alignment of the main canal. This main interceptor will be a deep gravity sewer which will convey the diverted wastewater flows to the Vam Thuat waste water treatment facility to be constructed by the city. It will be constructed of precast reinforced concrete pipe sections installed by pipe jacking. The main interceptor will receive wastewater and rainwater from the primary and secondary combined storm water and sewer systems to be built in Go Vap district below. 33 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2,, 2015 Primary and secondary combined sewer system and secondary interceptor system in Go Vap District Location: The areas of the project has a circle form from the North Eastern part to the South Western part of the City, connect Sai Gon river from the East to Cho Dem river from the South West; it includes 3 regions: Go Vap District, 5 wards of District 12 and ward 13 of Binh Thanh District with estimation of 4,361 ha. Main technical solutions: - Primary and secondary combined storm water and sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district will divert all wastewater and rainwater flow into the interceptor. The sewer systems will generally be reinforced concrete structures sized to contain sewage flow diversion and canal water backflow devices and pipe connections to the interceptor. The total length of primary combined drainage is about 48 km, of which 24km of pipe culverts and 24km of box culverts. The secondary combined drainage system is about 68km length with secondary pipe and box culverts. The safety levels of 10 and 5 year return periods will be applied for primary and secondary drainage systems respectively.1 1 Regarding the return period for designing drain culverts storm water, Table 3 of the Design Standard TCVN 7957:2008 allows selecting 5 years for main culverts and 1-2 years for branching culverts (in cities of grade 1 and above), but there is a foot note specifying that the above values can be increased in case the drains serve important areas (where important infrastructure such as metro, tunnel, railway exist or where flood can cause big economic 34 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2,, 2015 Figure 2.8 Rain and waste water collection area I. - Approach for water discharge at the sub-region II (includings 05 ward of District 12):Construction the separated drainage for rain water to discharge into the canal, and sewer system for wastewater to flow into WWTP at An Phu Dong ward, District 12. Figure 2.9 Rain and waste water collection area II. 2.3.4. Sub-Component 2.4 - Secondary canals improvements Location These secondary canals are connected to Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len main canal to drain for the basin belongs to Go Vap and Tan Binh district. In combination with the main canal, these secondary canals ensure drainage, tide prevention, water storing and regulating the water level in the canals. Main technical solutions: A total of 6.9km secondary canals system, including Hy Vong, Chin Xieng, Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, and Ong Bau connected to main canal of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len will be upgraded at the safety level of 10-year return period to reduce the pollution with sewage water and improve the rainwater drainage capacity of about 1,000ha in Go Vap, Binh Thanh and Tan Binh districts. Especially, flooding problem in Tan Son Nhat International Airport will be completely addressed.. - For the secondary canals which have the existing small width, high bottom elevation, and being polluted (usually, they are the first sections in the residential area): replacing secondary 35 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2,, 2015 canal with box culverts with dimensions from (1.6m x 1.6m) to (3.0m x 3.0m), backfilled with planting soil , and sidewalks are constructed along both sides. - For the secondary canals which have the existing small width, medium bottom elevation, and good soil condition: designing Reinforced Concrete (RC) open canals with rectangular shape/trapezoid shape, and sidewalks are constructed along both sides. - For the secondary canals which have the existing large width, and weak soil condition (usually, they are the last sections closed to Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len main canal): designing open canals with rectangular shape reinforced by pre-stressed RC piles, and sidewalks are constructed along both sides. 36 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 2.5 Technical parameters of canals Road No Names of canal Section Bđ (m) Zbottom m Notes B (m) Z (m) Open canal- K0 ÷ K0+600 4.0 2.35÷2.15 0.00 2.50 +6.0 ÷ +5.4 reinforced Concrete 1 Hy Vong Open canal K600 ÷ K1+674 6.0÷7.5 2.15÷-1.58 0.00 2.50 +5.4 ÷ +2.5 reinforced Concrete K1+674 ÷ K1+821,5 10.0 -1.58÷-2.0 0.00 2.50 +2.50 pre-stressed pile rectangular rectangular shaped canal - Chin Xieng K0 ÷ K0+138 2.0x2.0 -0.50÷-1.15 2.50 +2.00 shaped reinforced Concrete (Cau Van) 2 K0+138 ÷K0+978 10÷18 -1.15÷-1.96 0.00 2.50 +2.00 pre-stressed pile rectangular rectangular shaped canal - Chin Xieng sub-creek K0+32,2 ÷ K0+165 2.0x2.0 -0.80÷-0.90 2.50 +2.00 shaped reinforced Concrete Ong Tong + Branch 3 rectangular rectangular shaped canal - 3 K0 ÷ K0+235 2.5x2.5 -1.00÷-1.18 2.50 +2.00 of Ong Tong sub- shaped reinforced Concrete creek (Hai Vit creeek) 37 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 No Names of canal Section Bđ (m) Zbottom m Road Notes K0+235÷ K0+810,3 26÷35 -1.2÷-1.25 0 2.50 +2.00 pre-stressed pile rectangular rectangular shaped canal - Ong Tong creek K0 ÷ K0+200 2.0x2.0 -0.50÷-0.80 2.50 +2.00 shaped reinforced Concrete (Dua creek) K0+200÷ K0+920 15÷36 -0.88÷-1.09 0 2.50 +2.00 pre-stressed pile rectangular K0+160 ÷ K0+759 2.0x2.0 7.51÷2.0 2.50 +5.3÷+11.47 shaped rectangular shaped canal - 4 Ba Mieng rectangular reinforced Concrete K0+759÷ K1+236 2x(2x2) 2.01÷1.57 2.50 +2.00÷+5.0 shaped K1+236÷ K1+741,8 14÷33 -1.76÷-1.90 0 2.50 +2.00 pre-stressed pile K0 ÷ K0+600 3.0 -0.80÷-1.03 0 2.50 +2.00 rectangular shaped open canal- K0+600÷K0+940 5.0 -0.87÷-1.06 0 2.50 +2.00 Cau Cut reinforced Concrete 5 K0+940÷K0+969 8,0 -1.06 0 2.50 Cau Cut K0+969÷K1+274 17÷32 -1.06÷-2.86 0 2.50 +2.00 pre-stressed pile rectangular rectangular shaped canal - Ong Bau creek K0+016 ÷ K0+426 1.6x2.0 -0.65÷-0.03 2.50 +2.00 shaped reinforced Concrete 6 rectangular rectangular shaped canal - Ong Bau sub-creek K0 ÷ K0+125 1.6x1.6 -0.51÷-0.26 2.50 +2.00 shaped reinforced Concrete 38 Package FRM-PPTAF 02: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Project Number: VNWC-00227753-A0 Date Submitted: November 27th, 2015 It is to be noted that Component 2 will likely to finance detail design and feasibility studies, the scope of which will be determined during the implementation phase. The provisions of the ESIA will apply to detail design and feasibility studies and that the Terms of ToRs for these technical documents will require that the studies take in consideration Bank safeguard policies provisions when developed. 2.4. Project area of influence From the point of view of the environmental and social assessment of a project, it is important to define the area for that environmental and social impacts are being considered. Regarding to the OP 4.01, Area of Influence for this project will identified to include ―all its ancillary aspects, such as power transmission corridors, pipelines, canals, tunnels, relocation and access roads, borrow and disposal areas, and construction camps, as well as unplanned developments induced by the project (e.g., spontaneous settlement, logging, or shiftin g agriculture along access roads). On the other words, the area of influence may include, for example, “(i) the watershed within which the project is located; (ii) any affected estuary and coastal zone; (iii) off-site areas required for resettlement or compensatory tracts; (iv ) the airshed (e.g., where airborne pollution such as smoke or dust may enter or leave the area of influence); (v) migratory routes of humans, wildlife, or fish, particularly where they relate to public health, economic activities, or environmental conservation; and (vi) areas used for livelihood activities (hunting, fishing, grazing, gathering, agriculture, etc.) or religious or ceremonial purposes of a customary nature”. The area that needs to be studied in order to adequately understand and describe the Baseline likely to be affected by the Project. At a minimum, the Study Area will encompass the Project Footprint and the Area of Influence, and in some cases it may extend farther to further establish the context for the Baseline. With such definition and basing on the project description, the study area in this ESIA covers 32.7 km length of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len, covering an area of about 14,900 ha, where 9 districts in HCMC will be affected, including Go Vap District, Binh Thanh District, District 12, Tan Binh District, Binh Tan District, Tan Phu District, District 8, Binh Chanh District and Hoc Mon Distric. In addition to those area, Da Phuoc landfill and Tham Luong Ben Cat Wastewater treatment plant are also identified within the studied area as employed as disposal area for wastewater and dregged sludge and other waste types generated from construction and operation activities of the project as disposal area for wastewater and dregged sludge and other waste types generated from construction and operation activities of the project. In addition, the area of influence also include the borrow pits for revertment and tour for material transportation. The sub-components will be undertaken at different locations along the Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal, where different sensitive receptors will be affected. In order to assess the 40 Package FRM-PPTAF 02: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Project Number: VNWC-00227753-A0 Date Submitted: November 27th, 2015 significane of impacts on receptors, the environmental baseline at those receptors need to be identified given the baseline environment will integrate with emission factors generated from project activities that can result a top up impacts on the receptors. Section 2.3 already provides the locations of environmental survey and those locations can be considered as sensitive receptors that can be receive different impacts from different activities of the project components. Table 2.6 identify sensitive receptors in a relation to activities of project component and locations of environmental baseline survey. 41 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 2.6 Sensitive receptors in a relation to activities of sub-components and locations of environmental baseline survey Receptors Sensitivities No Sub-components Locations Potential impacts Air Groundw Water quality Soil Aquatic Ecology quality ater Air quality, water Construction of At Nuoc len creek, located quality, water SW10, SW9, Nuoc Len tidal between Nuoc Len bridge and K9, K10, GW8, Se9, Se10, Cho 1 quality, noise and Cho Dem - sluice gate and 2 An Lac bridge, being of 158m K11 GW9 Dem River vibration and River ship locks from Nuoc Len bridge aquatic ecology At Vam Thuat River, located Air quality, water Construction of between Vam Thuat bridge quality, water SW1, SW2, Vam Thuat tidal and Tham Luong Ben Cat K1, K2, Se1, Se2, Se3, Sai 2 quality, noise and SW3, Sai Gon GW1 S8 sluice gate and 2 Wastewater Treatment Plant, K3 Gon River vibration and River ship locks being of 178m from Vam aquatic ecology Thuat birdge GW1, Undertaken on an area of SW1, SW2, Dredging and GW2, 14,899 ha, covering following K1, K2, SW3, SW4, construction of Air quality, water GW3, Se1, Se2, Se3, Se4, districts: Go Vap, Binh Thanh, K3, K4, SW5, SW6, S1, S2, canal bank quality, water GW4, Se5, Se6, Se7, Se8, District 12, Tan Binh District, K5, K6, SW7, SW8, S3, S4, 3 revetment in the quality, noise and GW5, Se9, Se10, Cho Binh Tan District, Tan Phu K7, K8, SW9, SW10, S5, S6, main canal of vibration and GW6, Dem River, Sai Disitrct, District 8, Binh K9, K10, Sai Gon River, S7, S8 Tham Luong – Ben aquatic ecology GW7, Gon River Chanh District, Hoc Mon K11 Cho Dem Cat – Nuoc Len GW8, District River GW9 4 Construction of Main interceptor is constructed Air quality, water K1, K2, SW1, SW2, GW1, S3, S4, Se1, Se2, Se3, Se4, 42 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 main interceptor in along Tham Luong - Ben Cat - quality, water K3, K5, SW3, SW4, GW2, S5, S6, Se5, Se6, Se7, Se8, Go Vap district Nuoc Len Canal. The quality, noise and K6 SW5, SW6, GW3 S7, S8 Se9, Se10, Cho interceptor will collect vibration and SW7, SW8, Dem River, Sai wastewater generated from a aquatic ecology SW9, SW10, Gon River catchment being of area of Cho Dem 1,902 ha where 16 wards of River, Sai Gon Go Vap District and Ward 13 River in Binh Thanh District are covered. Construction and SW1, SW2, improvement of SW3, SW4, primary and The project will be undertaken Air quality, water Se1, Se2, Se3, Se4, SW5, SW6, secondary on an area of 5 wards of quality, water K1, K2, GW1, S3, S4, Se5, Se6, Se7, Se8, SW7, SW8, 5 combined sewer District 12, 16 wards of Go quality, noise and K3, K4, GW2, S5, S6, Se9, Se10, Cho SW9, SW10, systems and the Vap District, and ward 13 of vibration and K5, K6 GW3 S7, S8 Dem River, Sai Cho Dem secondary Binh Thanh District aquatic ecology Gon River River, Sai Gon interceptor in Go River Vap district SW1, SW2, Including six distributary canal Improvement of SW3, SW4, conecting to Tham Luong Ben Air quality, water Se1, Se2, Se3, Se4, secondary canals K1, K2, SW5, SW6, GW1, S1, S2, Cat Nuoc len Canal at Tan quality, water Se5, Se6, Se7, Se8, (Hy Vong, Cau K3, K4, SW7, SW8, GW2, S3, S4, 6 Binh District and Go Vap quality, noise and Se9, Se10, Cho Cut, Ba Mieng, K5, K6, SW9, SW10, GW3, S5, S6, District, from Tham Luong vibration and Dem River, Sai Ong Tong, Ong K7 Cho Dem GW4 S7, S8 bridge to Sai Gon River, with aquatic ecology Gon River Bau, Chin Xieng) River, Sai Gon total length of 8,213.4 River 43 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 2.5. Linked Investments The EIAs conducted a thorough review of other, large completed, ongoing or planned investments in the project cities to identify possible linkages impacts. Details of linked project are shown in Annex 6. Following linked projects has been identified, including Da Phuoc Solid Waste Treatment Complex, Tham Luong Ben Cat Wastewater Treatment Plan. Da Phuoc Solid Waste Treatment Complex The Da Phuoc Solid Waste Treatment Complex near Ho Chi Minh City is Vietnam‘s largest solid waste processing complex. It is located in Da Phuoc Commune, Binh Chanh District, Ho Chi Minh City. Total area of the complex is 128.22 ha, including Waste Treatment Company (128 ha) treating municipal waste; Peace Company‘s Project managingseptic tanks sludge; Urban Environmental Company‘s Project investing in cemetery estate and cremated services (about 57 ha); the Green Saigon‘s company responsible for wastewater sludge treatment (4 7 ha) and a planned investment for hazardous waste treatment (1.7 ha). Solid waste generated by project construction and operation, including domestic waste, dredging sludge, construction and hazardous waste, will be disposed at the Waste Treatment Company. Regarding to EIA approved in 2011, the Waste Treatment Company is designed to treat 3,000 tons of municipal solid waste per day. Currently, this capacity is upgraded to 10,000 tons of municipal solid waste per day; EIA for this upgrade was approved in 2015, This capacity designed allows the Complex to collect whole domestic solid waste generated from Ho Chi Minh City and to partly collect the solid waste generated from Long An Province. For dredged sludge, a first extension of Da Phuoc Landfill capacity is planned for 2018 (capacity up to 2,600m3/day). By 2020 the Da Phuoc Landfill capacity shall be sufficient to receive stabilized and dewatered (composted) sludge (with a maximum daily capacity of 5,200) (See Table 2.7). Table 2.7 Capacity of receiving and treating sludge Da Phuoc Sludge Treatment Plant No. capacity (m3/day) Type of waste Construction phase 1 Construction phase 2 (2014 -2016) (2017 -2020) 1 Sludge from drainage system 800 800 2 Sludge from channel dredging 800.6 1700 Sludge from other sources (incl sludge 3 500 2,200 from WWTPs) 4 Excreta from livestock and poultry 50 50 5 Sludge from septic tanks 450 450 Total capacity 2,600.6 5,200 The Complex linked to the project component 2 through receiving the dredged sludge and construction and domestic solid waste generated from activities of construction and operation stage of sub-components of the project. In addition to 500 m3 per day of the Binh Hung 44 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 WWTP‘s sludge and dredging sludge (and excavated materials) from Tan Hao-Lo Gom Canal (WB project), the dredging sludge of XXX tons generated from the project component 2 should be acceptable with the current and planning capacity of the Waste Treatment Company. The Waste Treatment Company design the landfill to include main facilities as follow: (i) spaced vertical wells to collect the biogas that is flared then; (ii) landfill cells equipped with HDPE layer and geomembrane and collection pipe network of leachate wastewater; (iii) the wastewater treatment plan to treat leachate wastewater and storm runoff wastewater. Operation methods of the landfill is The operation of the Da Phuoc landfill is monitored by the Management Board of Waste Treatment Complexes (MBS) under DONRE in HCMC.Two specialists from MBS are inspecting the landfill activity daily in line with the landfill managementplan.The MBS has the mandate to carry out periodical environmental quality monitoring for surface water, groundwater and air quality every 3 months. Tham Luong Ben Cat Wastewater Treatment Plan Tham Luong Ben Cat Wastewater Treatment Plan is designed to collected domestic wastewater generated from a catchment of 5,141 ha of District 12, Go Vap District and Binh Thanh District. It is located at An Phu Dong Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City. Wastewater from the beneficiary areas of the FRM project, especially GO vap District and Bin Thanh District, will be collected and pumped to the Tham Luong Ben Cat wastewater treatment plant for treatment. Following completion, this WWTP will have positive contribution to reduce the pollutants of Tham Luong Ben Cat Canal. Total capacity of the WWTP is 250,000 m3 per day, divided into two phases, in which 131,000 m3 per day for phase 1 and upgrading to 250,000 m3 per day for phase 2. The EIA of the phase 1 was approved by the local authority (DONRE) of Ho Chi Minh City in 2015. The phase 1 of project is now under construction and expected to complete at the end of 2016. The WWTP is designed with a technology of Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), which is ensured to have optimal performance by the pretreatment and tertiary treatment units. The wastewater followed treatment meets the standards of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A. The downstream of Vam Thuat River which is also identified as a section of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal is designed as a receiving stream of the WWTP. As mentioned above, the construction duration of phase 1 of this WWTP is extended from May 2015 to December 2016. If the project component 2 is launched this year, the cumulative impacts caused from construction activities of two projects are possible. During operation, if being operated inappropriately, the wastewater treatment plant is able to contribute the negative cumulative impacts to the water quality of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal. In summary, considerable information is available on possibly linked projects. All of the potential linkages are likely to have positive impacts, such as Tham Luong Ben Cat WWTP receiving and treating wastewater generated from a catchment of three districts before discharge to the Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal. The potential cumulative impacts caused by the 45 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 operation performance of those projects, can be managed with coordination of schedules at the city level, and good construction and operation management during implementation. 46 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 CHAPTER 3: EXISTING CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE IN PROJECT AREA 3.1. Natural and socio-economic conditions of Ho Chi Minh City 3.1.1. Natural conditions a) Location and topography Ho Chi Minh City is located at 10°10'- 10°38'N, 106°22'- 106°54'E in the southeastern region of Vietnam. It borders Binh Duong province to the north, Tay Ninh province to the north west, Dong Nai province to the East and North East, Ba Ria – Vung Tau province to the south east, and Long An and Tien Giang provinces to the west and south west. Ho Chi Minh City is 1,760 km south of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam and is at the crossroads of international maritime routes. The city center is 50km from the East Sea in a straight line. It is an international transport hub of the southern region and a gateway to the world with the largest port system and airport in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh City belongs to a transitional region between the southeastern and Mekong Delta regions. The general topography is that HCM City terrain gets lower from north to south and from east to west. There are three types of terrain. The high terrain lies in the north-northeastern area and part of the northwestern area encompassing northern Cu Chi, northeastern Thu Duc and District 9. This is the bending terrain with average height of 10-25 meters. Long Binh Hill in District 9 is the highest at 32 meters. The depression terrain lies in the southern-southwestern and southeastern part encompassing districts 9, 8, 7, Binh Chanh, Nha Be and Can Gio. The area‘s height is in the range of 0.5 to 2 meters. The medium-height terrain lies in the middle of the city, encompassing most old residential areas, part of districts 2 and Thu Duc, and the whole of districts 12 and Hoc Mon. The area‘s height is 5-10 metres. Ho Chi Minh City has four poles, namely: • North Pole as Phu My Hung Commune, Cu Chi District; • West Pole as Thai My Commune, Cu Chi District; • Sounthern Pole as Long Hoa Commune, Can Gio District; • East Pole as Thanh An commune, Can Gio District. b) Hydrology Located in the downstream Dong Nai – Saigon river system, Ho Chi Minh City has a developed network of rivers and canals. Dong Nai River originates from the plateau Langbiang (Dalat). As it has many tributaries such as La Nga River and Be River, the basin is large, approximately 47 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 45,000 km2. It has an average flow of 20-500 m3/s with the highest flow during flood of up to 10,000 m3/s. Dong Nai – Saigon river system is the main supply of fresh water for Ho Chi Minh City with an annual capacity of 15 billion m3. Saigon River originates from Hon Quan plateau, flowing over 200 km from Thu Dau Mot to the city and flows 80 km along the city area. Saigon river has many tributaries with an average flow of about 54 m3/s. Width of Saigon River is 225-370 m and the depth is up to 20 m. Dong Nai River and Saigon River are connected through the expanded urban part by Rach Chiec canal system. Nha Be River formed by the confluence of Dong Nai and Saigon rivers, about 5km away from the city center to the southeast. It flows to the sea through two main estuaries: Soai Rap of 59km in length, 2km in width with dry riverbeds and slow flow rate; Long Tau flowing out to Ganh Rai Bay with 56km in length, 0.5km in width and deep riverbed, and being the main waterway for ships to enter Saigon harbor. In addition to the main rivers, the city also has a complicated network of canals, such as the Saigon River system with Lang The canal, Nong Bau canal, Tra canal, Ben Cat, An Ha, Tham Luong, Cau Bong, Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe, Ben Nghe, Lo Gom, Te canal, Tau Hu, Doi canal. The southern part of the city in the districts of Nha B and Can Gio has a dense canal coverage. This, togetherwith level 3-4 canal system of Eastern Cu Chi and An Ha, and Xang canals in Binh Chanh makes effective irrigation and favorable water exchange. The city government has also gradually implemented projects of dredging and innovation of catchment areasto create a beautiful urban water landscape. . Groundwater in Ho Chi Minh City is mostly concentrated in the northern half - on sediment Pleixtoxen; more to the south (South Binh Chanh District 7, Nha Be, Can Gio) - on Holoxen, groundwater is often affected by acidity and salinity. Most parts of the former urban area have significant underground water resources of which quality is not very good. However, in this area, groundwater is often exploited in three main levels: 0-20m, 60-90m and 170-200m. Districts 12, Hoc Mon and Cu Chi underground water reserves are abundant with good quality and usually operated at 60-90m level. This is an important additional water source of the city. Hydrologically, most rivers Ho Chi Minh City are affected by semi-daily tidal oscillations of the East Sea. Each day, the water up and down twice, the tide penetrates deeply into the city's waterways accordingly, causing significant impacts on agricultural production and limit the drainage in urban areas. The highest average tide is 1.10m. Months with the highest water level are October and November and the lowest level shall be in June & July. During the dry season, the small flow of river source with salinity of 4% may penetrate along Saigon River to Lai Thieu (Thuan An, Binh Duong province) , sometimes ever reaching far to Thu Dau Mot while Dong Nai River seep into Long Dai (District 9). The rainy season with large flow rate makes salinity pushed further away and more diluted. 48 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 3.1 Map showing main river systems in Ho Chi Minh City. Since the establishment of irrigation projects such as Tri An hydroelectric dam on the Dong Nai River in Vinh Cuu, Dong Nai and Dau Tieng Lake in Tay Ninh province, the natural flow regime is modified by turbineswitches turbine, weirs and close-discharge sluices. Therefore, the downstream area from Northern Nha Be upwwards become influenced by the upstream with lower salinity level. The flow rate in the dry season tends to increase, especially during the months from February to May, by 3-6 times compared to the natural one. In the rainy season, water is retained in the reservoir to regulate, reducing possibility of flooding to low-lying areas; whereas, saltwater intrusion goes deeper again. However, in general, crop area has been expanded by increasing the cultivated crops. In addition, the development of the canal system has the effect of raising groundwater levels on the surface to 2-3m, increasing water supplies to serve production and daily life of the city. c) Climate - Weather Ho Chi Minh City is located in the equatorial monsoon tropical region. As in southern provinces, the general characteristics of HCMC climate-weather temperature is evenly high year around with two clear rainy and dry seasons , which impacts profoundly to the area environment. The 49 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 rainy season lasts from May to November, dry season from December to April of next year. According to the observational records from several years of Tan Son Nhat station, characteristic climate of Ho Chi Minh City shown through the main meteorological factors as follows: The amount of radiation is plentiful, averaging about 140 Kcal/cm2/year with the average number of sunny hours/month of 160-270 hours. The average air temperature is 270C. The absolute high temperature is 400C, absolute low temperature 13,80C. The month with the highest average temperature is in April (28,80C), the lowest average temperature is between December and January (25,70c). Yearly there are more than 330 days at the average temperature of 25- 280C. The conditions of temperature and light are favorable for the development of plant species and animals at high biological yield; and accelerate the decomposition of organic substances of waste, contributing to reduce urban pollution. Rainfall: High rainfall with average rate/year 1,949 mm, years of the highest rate is 2718 mm (1908) and the smallest of 1392 mm (1958). The average number of rainy days/year is 159 days. About 90% of annual precipitation occurs in the rainy season from May to November in which June and September usually has the highest rainfall. The little rain happens in Jannuary, February and March with unconsiderable rainfall. On the scope of city space, rainfall is unevenly distributed, tends to increase gradually along Southwest - Northeast axis. The inner city and the North and Eastern North parts (District 9 and Thu Duc has the highest from 1700-1900 mm and Tan Son Nhat: 1,930 mm). The coastal area Can Gio has the smallest rainfall (less than 1.200 mm). The other areas have an average rainfall from 1500-1700 mm. Figure 3.2 Map showing annual rainfall in the Sai Gon - Dong Nai river basin. 50 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Due to the influence of the South-West monsoon direction - the major cause of rain in the area, the annual rainfall also fluctuate significantly. The variation of monthly rainfall is quite large as well. Due to larger and fairly steady rainfall over the years in the middle months of the rainy season, the Cv coefficient is only about 0.3 ÷ 0.6, which, in which August and September are the months with overall steady rainfall. The fluctuation is larger during the first and the last month of the rainy season, with Cv reaching 0.5 ÷ 41.0. In the dry season, as rain is negligible, just a heavy rain of 100 mm can cause huge volatility. The coefficient of skew Cs ranges from Cv to 2Cv. 51 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 3.1 Average monthly rainfall in the project area and the vicinity (Unit: mm) Station I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year Binh Chanh 8.4 3.9 15.1 47.6 192.7 237.0 211.4 212.7 225.2 220.2 104.2 30.5 1508.8 Cu Chi 6.6 4.7 15.2 65.9 194.1 228.6 256.1 218.1 274.0 258.4 129.2 30.4 1681.2 Nha Be 6.7 3.2 12.2 46.5 197.9 291.2 276.1 259.2 256.1 209.8 104.9 37.7 1701.5 Tan Son Hoa 9.0 7.3 19.0 55.5 204.2 281.1 292.6 271.0 287.8 297.1 150.7 40.4 1915.7 Hoc Mon 16.6 3.0 18.4 42.1 145.9 208.3 224.7 188.7 243.1 218.9 105.4 31.0 1446.0 Mac Dinh Chi 8.9 5.4 15.2 43.8 216.1 253.5 287.2 265.8 277.4 248.4 124.2 36.0 1781.9 Ben Luc 3.0 1.0 6.0 58.0 137.0 234.0 212.0 236.0 271.0 241.0 98.0 14.0 1511.0 Bien Hoa 6.0 5.0 14.0 52.0 173.0 242.0 293.0 285.0 305.0 245.0 101.0 29.0 1752.0 Binh Duong 14.0 2.0 22.0 47.0 217.0 274.0 285.0 285.0 323.0 246.0 125.0 42.0 1882.0 Air humidity: Relative air humidity per year is 79.5%; with the average value in the rainy season being 80% and the absolute value up to 100%; the average value during the dry season is 74.5% and the absolute low level goes down to 20%. 52 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Wind: Ho Chi Minh City is affected by two main wind directions – West-Southwest and North- Northeast. The West-Southwest wind blowing from the Indian Ocean in the rainy season, between June to October, with an average speed of 3.6 m/s and the strongest wind in August with an average speed of 4.5m/s. The North-northeast wind blowing from the South China Sea in the dry season, roughly from November to February with an average speed of 2.4 m/s. In addition, there are monsoon winds in the south-southeast direction between March to May with an average speed of 3.7m/s. Basically, the city is in the hurricane free zone. In 1997, fluctuations due to El-Nino phenomenon caused Typhoon No. 5, only mildly affecting Can Gio district. d) Environment Due to rapid population growth rate, old-fashioned infrastructure, low population awaress…, Ho Chi Minh City is currently facing the problem of environmental pollution. Like other big cities in the country, untreated wastewater discharged directly into canals and rivers becomes increasingly popular. The amount of garbage in Ho Chi Minh City is up to 6000 tons per day, among which a large portion of solid waste is not collected. Monitoring results in 2007 showed that, compared with 2006, organic pollution increased by 2 to 4 times. Transport vehicles, construction and production activities also contributes to air pollution. In the suburban areas, soil is also contaminated due to pesticides from agricultural production. According to a report from the Ho Chi Minh City Environment Protection Agency (HEPA) (2010), with a population of nearly 8 million people, thousands of offices, schools and more than 8,000 large, medium and small industrial parks, approximately 6000-6500 tons of urban solid wastes are discharged daily, among which about 4900-5200 tonnes are collected by the waste treatment companies; 700-900 tonnes are recycled, and the remaining volume are discharged into canals and the surrounding environment. The domestic solid wastes are estimated to be around 5500 tonnes per day; industrial solid wastes 500 tonnes per day and hospital waste 20 tonnes per day. It is estimated that in the upcoming years, the average amount of garbage will increase by 10% per year. Currently, most of the solid wastes in Ho Chi Minh City are collected and transported to the landfill, including hazardous waste. The operation of all landfills is managed by a factory under CITENCO. The whole system of classification of solid wastes into scrap and recycling is privatized. Part of industrial solid wastes is collected, treated and recycled at some private companies and small enterprises. Medical wastes are collected and processed by combustion in Binh Hung Hoa. Landfill is the only technology used to process municipal solid wastes of Ho Chi Minh City. The capacity of landfills in Ho Chi Minh City is as follows: - Phuoc Hiep landfill: 3,200 tonnes per day (50 km from the city centre, closed in 2014); - Go Cat landfill: 1,200 tonnes per day (16.5 km from the city centre); - Dong Thanh site: 1,000 tonnes per day (receive cesspoolsonly); - Da Phuoc Solid Waste Treatment Complex in Binh Chanh District: 5000 tonnes per day and about to increase. 53 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 In the recent years, heavy flooding has become common in Ho Chi Minh City, especially during the rainy season from June to November, and during high tides from September to December. The causes of flooding include heavy rainfall, high tides, poor drainage systems in urban areas, inadequate coordination between the operation of reservoirs and land subsidence from groundwater pumping. Heavy precipitaion has gradually in the past few decades. The city drainage system has been getting old with inadequate capacity for drainage in heavy precipitation while drain system is still unavailable in many areas of the city. Urban Flooding due heavy rains has therefore become popular. Tidal flow from the East Sea have hindered the flow from upstream rivers and urban drainage systems. In addition to the importance of improving the drainage capacity of sewer and canal systems in central urban areas to deal with the frequent downpours, HCMC also faced with the challenges posed by sea water intrusion into the canal system. This penetration make water level in canals increase and clog the flow from the downtown area to Saigon River, especially during high tide season. In addition to rain and tide, flooding status of city is also affected by the discharge of water from the upstream irrigation and hydropower reservoirs. In 2000, the city was seriously flooded due to discharging flow from the Tri An reservoir (2,000 m3/s) and Dau Tieng (600 m3/s), which is on Dong Nai river.. Besides, the city is also affected by the floods from Mekong River delta through the Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay river system. City sewer system was only developed locally with large untreated wastewater volume discharging into rivers causing severe pollution and affecting water quality. According to a feasibility study in 2012 for sub-basin including Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len conducted by HCMC, flooding has become an annual event on the catchments that affected 5944 ha (40% of the total area of sub-basin) and about 700,000 people (35% of the population living in sub-basin). The depth of flood is from 0.5m to 1.2m on average and flooding timeis about 30 minutes to 150 minutes. In addition, the Hy Vong l canal linking to Tham Luong-Ben Cat – Nuoc Len) which receives drain water from the Tan Son Nhat airport is now facing flood situation need to be resolved soon. Indeed, industrial production along Tham Luong canal is recognized as the most serious pollution waste and one of factor cause its canal stream as a dead channel. Survey results in 2011 recored from the basin shows that wastewater volume from enterprises outside the Industrial Zone is 30,000 - 40.000m3/day, including more than 2.4 tons of suspended solids. At the Industrial Parks such as Tan Tao (Binh Tan District), Tan Binh (Tan Binh District), Vinh Loc A (Binh Chanh District), Tan Thoi Hiep (District 12), total wastewater is more than 32.000m3/day. Even ifits water treatment system is up to standards, 6.4 of suspended sediment are still being discharged into Tham Luong canal, not to mention tons of smoke and dust emitted from loads of chimney of dyeing facilities owned by private sector and tons of garbage and waste illegally dumped along the canal. During past years, the impact of climate change and rising sea levels have flooded badly for 54 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 many regions of the world in general and Ho Chi Minh City area in particular has strongly influenced on production and the people's life. The study with specific solutions to cope with climate change issues is urgently critical with the joint hands of agencies and departments and the whole society. 3.1.2. Socio-economic conditions a) Economic development Ho Chi Minh City always maintained an important role in Vietnam's economy. Thanks to favorable natural conditions, Ho Chi Minh City became an important traffic hub of Vietnam and Southeast Asia, including road, rail, waterways and air. Economic Social results of the City in 2011 has made remarkable achievements, the majority of society economic indicators has exceeded the proposed plans. Gross domestic product (GDP) on the city territory in 2011 is estimated at VND 512,721 billion, accounting 20.91% GDP of the whole country and 21.42% increase compared to 2010. The economy of the city is in diverse sectors, from mining, fisheries, agriculture, processing industry, construction to tourism, finance. In the economic structure of the city, State-owned sector accounts for 33.3%, Nonstate-owned accounting for 44.6% , the rest is foreign investment sectors. Regarding economic sectors, services account for the highest proportion: 51.1%. The rest of industry and construction accounted for 47.7%, agriculture, forestry and fisheries accounted for only 1.2%. In 2011, the value of industrial production and construction reached VND 228,332 billion, accounting for 44.5% GDP of the whole city and increased 19.39% compared to 2010. The value of agricultural, forestry and fisheries is VND 6,308 billion accounting for 1.20% the city GDP and increased 23.73% compared to 2010. The value of tourism and services reached VND 278,408 billion, representing 54.3% GDP of the whole city and increased 25.44% year on year 2010. In 2011, total investment of the city is estimated at VND 201,500 billion, increased by 18.5% year over year; exceed 0.9% of the annual plan and by 39.3% of GDP. Total investment in capital construction in the province is estimated at VND 164,042.6 billion, compared with previous year increased by 18.42%. b) Population Nowadays Ho Chi Minh City comprises of 19 inner districts and 5 subsurban districts with a total area of approximately 2,095.01 km2. Since 1975, the population of Ho Chi Minh City increased rapidly, especially it cannot control the number of residents who illegally immigrated to the city and built up houses indiscriminately. According to the statistics of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, as of 2012, the city's total population is nearly 7,750,900 headcount, population density reaches 3,699 persons/ km², in which population lives in cities reached nearly 6,433,200 people, the population living in rural areas reached 1,317,700 million people. Number of Male is 3,585,000 million people while females reach 3,936,100 million 55 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 people. The rate of natural increase of population allocated by province has increased by 7.4‰. In recent decades, Ho Chi Minh City always has the lowest sex ratio of Vietnam; the flow of migrants from other provinces into Ho Chi Minh City with number of women is always more than men. Table 3.2 Population Development of Ho Chi Minh City Year Population Rate 1995 4.640.400 — 1996 4.747.900 +2,3% 1997 4.852.300 +2,2% 1998 4.957.300 +2,2% 1999 5.073.100 +2,3% 2000 5.274.900 +4.0% 2001 5.454.000 +3.4% 2002 5.619.400 +3.0% 2003 5.809.100 +3.4% 2004 6.007.600 +3.4% 2005 6.230.900 +3.7% 2006 6.483.100 +4.0% 2007 6.725.300 +3.7% 2008 6.946.100 +3.3% 2009 7.196.100 +3.6% 2010 7.378.000 +2.5% 2011 7.517.900 +1.9% 2012 7.663.800 +1.9% 2013 7.818.200 — The population distribution in Ho Chi Minh City is uneven. While some inner districts such as 4, 5,10 and 11 have a density of over 40,000 people/km², the suburban district of Can Gio relatively low density of 98 people/km² (by Vietnam GSO in 2009). Regarding the growth rate of population, while the natural growth rate of approximately 1.07%, the mechanical growth rate amounted to 2.5%. Immigration status in the city continues to grow in recent years. Since 1999 up to now, the population of 8 districts within the city is decreasing while the population of surburban districts and newly-setup districts grew rapidly. The mechanical increase of the city's population is going strongly and difficult to control as indicated in Binh Chanh: population increasing per year was ever up to 30,000 people, equivalent to the population of one commune. According to facts estimated in 2005, about 1 million of non-regular visitors arrived at Ho Chi Minh per day on average. By 2010, this figure is estimated to be 2 million (by Ho Chi Minh City 56 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Institute of Economics). Problems of urbanization and migration to cities is posing significant challenges need to be addressed in the process of sustainable development of the city, of which the most visible is the pressure from the population to public services and urban infrastructure. 3.2. Socio-economic conditions of the project area 3.2.1. Population and labor The project area covers approximately 14,900 hectares (7% of the city area) with a population of about 1,108,260 people (2007 statistics). Residential component mainly workers, employees, retailers live in personal house or collective housing which were built scatteredly across the region. In the wet season the flooded area is about 3,714 hectares and 232,700 people live in the flooded areas (data from the feasibility study report). Table 3.3 Administrative units and population in the Project area (2007) Number Area Population Density No. District of Note (ha) (persons) (person/ha) wards 1 District 12 10 3083.4 181.127 59 2 Go Vap 11 1915.7 313.798 161 3 Binh Thanh 01 14.2 19.624 138 Only area 4 Tan Binh 01 525.1 37.244 71 and population 5 Tan Phu 07 1706.5 218.843 128 within the 6 Binh Tan 10 1445.6 199.316 131 Project area 7 Binh Chanh 03 4589.1 29.670 7 8 Hoc Mon 05 1526.1 99.574 65 9 District 8 01 93.3 9.054 97 Total: 9 districts 49 14.899 1.108.250 74 The main income of households are mainly from salaries, accounting for 46.82%. Their cccupations are mostly workers of factories and plants, part of them are state employees and officials. However, this income source is not stable, depending on the season of plants and factories‘ production...The highest percentage of households with incomes from salary is District 12, accounting for 57.14%, followed by Tan Binh District, accounting for 47.11% and Go Vap District, accounting for 42.56%. In addition, some households earn incomes from business operation, mainly from small businesses like restaurants, groceries in the markets and schools and most of them leasing space in other areas for business operation; income from this source accounting for 15.78%, 57 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 concentrates most in Go Vap District, accounting for 17.44% because residents located mostly in canalside directly affected by the pollution, the percentage of households with income from livestock , agriculture or gardening is very small . The proportion of households with income from gardening is very low, accounting for 1.78% (almost in District 12). Most tree and plants here give the low yield. In recent years, some plants have died partly due to polluted water sources, partly because of harmful emissions emitted from factories around the region. The rate of the main income sources of local households is listed in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 Main income source of local population Tan Binh district Go Vap district District 12 Average Income source Percentage (%) Percentage (%) Percentage (%) Percentage (%) Salary 47,11 42,56 57,14 46,82 Gardening 0,00 0,51 7,79 1,78 Breeding farm 0,00 1,54 5,19 1,78 Business 13,22 17,44 15,58 15,78 Cultivation 0,00 0,51 1,30 0,51 Others 39,67 37,44 12,99 33,33 Source: Data gathered from previous EIAs of the project. Statistics on the number of poor and nearly poor households in nine districts within the project area are summarized in the table below: Table 3.5 Number of poor and nearly poor households in the project area Total poverty Total nearly- households poverty (Average income households No Location (%) (%) less than VND (Average income 12 VND 12 -16 mil./capita/year) mil./capita/year) 1 District 12 236 0.22 4060 3,71 2 Go Vap District 809 0.60 2345 1,75 3 Bình Thạnh District 0 0 4135 3,68 4 Tan Binh District 0 0 1386 1,34 58 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Total poverty Total nearly- households poverty (Average income households No Location (%) (%) less than VND (Average income 12 VND 12 -16 mil./capita/year) mil./capita/year) 5 Tan Phu District 0 0 1145 1,11 6 Binh Tan District 0 0 4331 2,73 7 Binh Chanh District 579 0,51 10,317 9,14 8 Hoc Mon District 1115 1,27 4,361 4,96 9 District 8 930 0,95 3098 3,16 Source: Data provided by the Project Management Unit. 3.2.2. Agricultural activities In recent years, the Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal system has been severely polluted, agricultural production is thus restricted. The livestock industry, agriculture or gardening are not developed. The crops grown in this basin do not produce high yields. A number of trees and crops are dead due to contaminated water sources and toxic gases emitted from factories around the region. The surveys show that the proportion of households with incomes from agriculture is very low, accounting for only 0.51% in Go Vap District and 1.30% in District 12, although previously a large part of this area was agricultural land. In the recent years, the rapid urbanization rate has led to changes in land use purposes; agricultural land has been converted into residential area as well as area for companies, plants, and enterprises. 3.2.3. Industrial activities The industry in the region thrives with many different industries. The project area has hundreds of establishments, industrial factories, livestock farms, including: food processing, dye-textile, chemical, plastic and rubber processing, in which one-third located scatteredly in residential areas and more than 60 establishments located along the two banks of the canal. These include: - Tan Binh Industrial Zone: 179 ha with 27 industrial factories; - VinhLoc Industrial Zone (BinhChanh District): 202 ha; - BinhHoa Industrial Zone (BinhThanh District): 18 ha; - Tan Tao Industrial Zone (BinhChanh District): 443 ha. 3.2.4. Transport and infrastructure 59 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The transport system is quite convenient with inter-province Route 50 and Can Giuoc River. Internal roads have not been much invested and upgraded, the project area has many trails and waterfront, making difficult transportation. - Transport by air: Tan Son Nhat International Airport is deep-seated within the city, the larger operation (estimated at about 5 million passengers from the current increased to 12 million passengers/year) requires large-scale solution for more traffic outside linking to the city center and the districts (roads and parking terminals). - Road transportation: road area is about 7% of on the general area with 2.48 m2/ capital. Presently intersections are in the inner area and surburban areas. In the project area there are 16 main routes distributed as follows: - Hoc Mon district : 5 routes , L = 24,800 m - District 12: 4 routes, L = 16,800 m. - Go Vap District: 3 routes, L = 15,000 m. - Tan Binh District: 3 routes, L = 10,200 m. - Binh Chanh District: 8 tuyến, L = 42,000 m. On the main roads there are big bridges such as: An Loc, Ben Phan, Truong Dai, Cho Cau, Tham Luong, Binh Thuan, Ba Hom, Lac An, An Lap. For the project area: the main roads and bridges crossing Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len is listed as follows: Table 3.6 Main road and bridges crossing over Tham Luong – Ben Cat No. Road Name L (m) Road type Bridge Route 1 National route 1 24,250 Asphalted road. Binh Thuan, An Lap 2 National route 22 7,750 -ditto- 3 Provincal route 14 8,250 -ditto- 4 Provincal route 16 1,550 -ditto- Truong Dai 5 Quang Trung street 9,650 -ditto- Cho Cau 6 Nguyen Oanh street 6,175 -ditto- An Loc 7 Truong Chinh street 4,250 -ditto- Tham Luong 8 Road No 13 3,375 -ditto- Sewer pipeline 2100, 3100 9 Tan Ky – Tan Quy street 2,650 -ditto- Tan Ky – Tan Quy 10 Provincal route 10 4,375 -ditto- Ba Hom 11 District route 5 11,250 -ditto- 12 District route 9 4,000 Aggregate road- 13 District route 11 5,750 ditto- 14 District route 2 3,750 -ditto- 15 District route 4 3,750 -ditto- 16 District route 10 2,250 -ditto- In which: 60 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - An Loc, Ben Phan, An Lạc bridges was upgraded and expanded; - Truong Dai, Cho Cau, Binh Thuan, An Lap Bridges are in progress of construction; - Tham Luong, Tan Ky Tan Quy, Ba Hom bridges are in planning of upgrade and expansion. Besides, there are some rural bridges (or culverts) crossing over canal route of on inter- communes paths (temporary concrete bridge or wooden bridge): - Route 19/5: 3 wooden bridges (K3+60) (1/5+60) (2/4) (8/2) v sewer 480 (K3+60); - Rach Chua route: 2 concrete bridges (K6+760) (K10+970); 1 steel bridge (K2+700), 1 wooden bridge (K5+320); Sewer 3100 (K8); Waterway: city waterways system is relatively well developed, with a total length of over 700 kilometers of canals, including nearly 50% of the total length of water navigation. The Project canal route is one of the planned inner belt waterway in connection the city with the neighborhood, namely: - In the Southern: there are Te channel, Đoi channel, Nha Be River - Soai Rap and Long Tau leading to East Sea; - In the Eastern: Saigon River links with Dong Nai River; - In the The Western: Can Giuoc, Ben Luc, An Ha rivers connecting to Vam Co Dong. Seaway system: inflows mainly from TP. Ho Chi Minh City - Vung Tau through Long Tau - Soai Rap river. Canal Hub of Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len is the main waterway in the project area. 61 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 3.3 Map of traffic planning in the area up to 2025. 3.2.5. Scope of Land Acquisition A drainage and pollution improvement project for canal Tham Luong – Ben Cat - Nuoc Len was approved by HCMC in May 2002, and the design subsequently amended in February 2007 and July 2012. The project covers 8 districts of HCMC, of which 7 districts were subjected to land acquisition and resettlement impacts, including Binh Tan, Binh Chanh, Tan Phu, Tan Binh, District 12, Go Vap and Binh Thanh. The total land area affected by the project was calculated as 153.46 ha, with a total number of 3,212 Households being affected (see details below). As these activities are linked, a due diligence of the resettlement conducted under City-funded activities has been prepared to ensure its consistency with the WB OP4.12 that all affected people are able to restore or improve the lost assets and livelihood as before the project. - The Project requires permanent acquisition of 1,534,600,000 m2 belonging to 3,212 households 2and enterprises. By land use, these comprise 309,527m2 of residential land; 238,822m2 of specially used land, and 986,251 m2 of agricultural land; - 1342 households have to relocate, of which 946 households registered to receive resettlement houses while 391 households opted to self-relocation3; 2 In fact, there is an increase in the number of PAHs as three households in Binh Tan District are separated from HoBac Company and 13 households under the name of the Waterway Construction Company. 3 Data is based on the report by the PMU until October 22 2015 and collected from the DCARBs; however, these figures are not complete as some districts were unable to provide these data. 62 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - 1,870 households are partially affected; of which, 498 households are affected on a part of their houses and have sufficient remaining area to reorganize (including production establishment/business households); - 46 enterprises are also affected by the Project. By district, the scope of impacts of the Phase 1 are as follows: 1. District No. 8: The Tham Luong-Ben Cat-Nuoc Len Canal in the District 8 starts from the K0+000 ÷ K0+694 (694m from Cho Dem River); site clearance was already done in this area by PhuDinh River port project. 2. Binh Tan District: The canal section in Binh Tan starts from the K0+694 ÷ K17+115 (1,224m from Cho Dem River to Cau Bung Sluice Gate); this section is 16,421m long, traversing eight wards, namely An Lac, Binh Tri Dong B, Tan Tao A, Tan Tao, Binh Tri Dong A, Binh Hung Hoa B, Binh Hung Hoa A, and Binh Hung Hoa. The total number of households and enterprises affected by the Project in this district is 2,267. In which total, 983 households are fully affected, 498 households are partially affected; 761 households are affected on agricultural land; and 25 enterprises are fully affected. 3. Tan Phu District: has 5 affected enterprises. 4. Tan Binh District: The canal section in Tan Binh starts from the K18+692 ÷ K19+692 (1,000 m from Tham Luong Bridge). With the length of 1,000m, the canal section runs through Ward 15, affecting 38 households. The total cost is 51.467 billion dong. Area acquired is 1.91 ha. 5. District No. 12: The length of the canal section in the District 12, starting from K17+115 ÷ K24+163 (from CauSa ditchto Truong Dai Bridge) is 7,048m. The canal section passes through Tan ThoiNhat, Dong Hung Thuan, and Tan ThoiHiep wards. The total number of affected households is 167 (including 5 enterprises). The total cost is 198.936 billion dong for an acquired area of 19.1 ha. 6. Go Vap District: The canal section in the area of Go Vap, from K19+692 to K31+583 (from the boundary with Binh Tan Districtto Lang canal), is 11,891m long, traversing Ward No. 5, No. 6, No. 13, No. 14, and No. 15. The total number of affected households is 670. The total compensation cost is 421.874 billion dong with the total acquired area of 27.34 ha. 7. BinhThanh District: The canal section in BinhThanh District starts from K31+583 to K32+714 (1,131m from SaiGon River), a right bank L=1.131m, passing through the area of Ward No. 13. There are 3 PAHs in the district area. 8. BinhChanh District:A total 65 affected households in two communes, namely Tan Kien and VinhLoc B. The scopes of project‘s impacts are summarized in the following Table 3.7. 63 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 2.7 Scope of Project Impacts (Phase 1) No. of HHs affected by land No. of PAHs affected on houses acquisition Permanently Total No. of HHs acquired HHs were compensation No. District Self- registered area Individual Fully Partially allocate with cost up to date Total Enterprises relocated for (ha) households affected affected resettlement (bil. dong) HHs resettlement houses/ plots houses 1 Binh Tan D 83.62 2,267 2,242 25 983 498 359 624 530 901.09 2 BinhChanh 9.2 65 63 2 4 4 0 48.62 3 Tan Phu 9.56 5 0 5 0 0 91.57 4 Tan Binh 1.91 35 28 7 2 1 1 0 51.65 5 No. 12 19.1 167 162 5 55 27 28 28 198.94 6 Go Vap 27.34 670 669 1 298 298 200 421.87 7 BinhThanh 2.73 3 2 1 0 200 3.19 Total 153.46 3,212 3,166 46 1,342 391 951 758 1,716.93 Source: Compiled from the Report on Implementation Progress of the Drainage System and Water Environment Improvement of ThamLuong- Ben Cat- Nuoc Len Canal Project (Phase 1) up to October 22 2015. 64 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Land Acquisition Progress So far, three districts have completed the land acquisition activities for the Project, including BinhChanh, Tan Phu, and BinhThanh. The remaining four districts have not finished land acquisition, namely Binh Tan, Tan Binh, District 12, and Go Vap. Details are as follows: - Total number of PAHs: 3,212 households; - In which total, number of PAHs who have already handed over site to the Project: 2,937 households; - Number of PAHs who have not handed over site: 268 households. Of which, 44 households have already received compensation. The compensation for 212 households were deposited in the bank while the remaining 12 households are not yet provided with compensation. Table 3.8 Land Acquisition Progress Up to Date No. of PAHs No. of PAHs not yet Total PAHs already handed No. District handed over site (HHs) over site (HHs) (HHs) 1 Binh Tan 2,267 2,011 256 2 Binh Chanh 65 65 0 3 Binh Thanh 3 3 0 4 District 12 167 158 9 5 Go Vap 670 669 1 6 Tan Binh 38 36 2 7 Tan Phu 5 5 0 TOTAL 3,215 2,937 268 Source: Report on Implementation Progress of the Drainage System and Water Environment Improvement of Tham Luong- Ben Cat- Nuoc Len Canal Project (Phase 1) up to November 20 2015. Accumulated Impacts In Binh Tan District, 19 households who are affected by the Phase 1 of the Project will continue to be affected in the Phase 2. Of which, five households will be fully affected. This will cause difficulties for the PAHs to restore their living standards; therefore, special policies are needed to apply for these households. Some of the outstanding issues include: Low compensation rates To date, there are 268 outstanding complaints from 268 PAHs. In which total, 256 households are in Binh Tan District, mainly in Binh Hung Hoa Ward (234 households), nine households in 65 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 District 12, two households are in Tan Binh, and one household in Go Vap District. Of the total 268 households, 42 households have already received compensation but not yet handed over sites. 12 households have not been issued with compensation payment decisions yet while the remaining 214 households refuse to receive compensation (their payment decisions are already issued). Their compensation has been deposited into a bank by the DCARBs. The main reason for a large number of PAHs refusing to hand over site is low compensation rates. Even combined with the support packages, these rates still cannot meet the market prices. PAHs whose houses are allocated by the enterprise There is only one outstanding case in Go Vap. However, in fact, this involves 13 households who are the employees of the Waterway Construction Company. These households were officially allocated land by the company in 2007. To date, they households still refuse to receive compensation and hand over site. According to them, they have resided on this area before; however, the land allocation documents indicate the year 2007. After DMS was carried out, according to the Directive 08/2002 by the City PC, these households are not considered as eligible households for compensation. There is no regulation to support the affected tenants Among 234 PAHs in Binh Hung Hoa who were surveyed by the Ward PC, 60 households are renting houses. Hence, most of these affected people do not have any other places to live as the majority of them are from other provinces earning a living in Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, as the compensation and assistance policies of the Project do not have any provision related to the compensation and assistance for the tenants, these households will face more difficulties. Affected enterprises and production establishments 10 enterprises have not carried out site clearance due to overlapping in planning of the Tan Tao Industrial Park and the land acquisition boundary of the Project. For the registered enterprises, allowances for affected employees have been applied. However, for the small-scale enterprise and production establishments in form of households that hired workers, these allowances were not applied as they did not have official papers to prove the hiring. In addition, the establishments had to relocate themselves at that time because it coincided with the time when the City‘s decision on the removal of establishments producing pollutant out of the city area was issued. Directive No. 08/2002as a cut-off date to structures The City‘s Directive 08 was issued on April 22 2002, which is considered as an important milestone in deciding the eligibility of the APs for compensation for their affected structures. However, this directive, in fact, was not disclosed to the local communities in the project area. The resettlement sites are not appropriate The RS of the Project does not meet a principle stipulated in the Decree No. 22/1998, which is the principle of equivalent value. 66 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The area of apartments in the RS is not suitable to the diversity of the households and the fact that the apartment buildings with corrugated iron roofs are not suitable to the weather. Moreover, the RS is too far with little opportunity for economic development. Therefore, the PAHs do not want to receive houses in the RS. Policy application in accordance with regulations but not a good practice The application of the Decree No. 22/1998/ND-CP for compensation of the Project is in compliance with the regulations stipulated in the Decree No. 197/2004/ND-CP (Item 2, Article 50)4. However, this is also the main reason for the outstanding complaints and delays of the Project, which is costly because the project is not completed and causes adverse social impacts. Project delays and re-encroachment The delay of the Project for 13 years and unfinished land acquisition have given chances for the households to reoccupy the area. To date, in the Ward No. 5 of Go Vap District, more than 50 households are reoccupying the cleared area to open coffee shops and eateries, which will cause difficulties for the civil works of the Project in the second phase. 3.2.6. Influences of Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc Len on local population In the context of speedy urbanization and rapid economic development, in parallel with economic development and improving material and spiritual life of local residents, environmental pollution is a dilemma. The improvement of economic life while creating a clean environment and urban landscape is very essential for the surrounding residential area of Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc len in particular and the people of the city in general. a) Improvement from existing works In the initial period, improvement of the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len was funded by the municipal authorities and a number of works have been implemented in the three districts: Go Vap, District 12 and Binh Tan. Although many of the works remain at a modest scale, the respondents highly appreciate their value in mitigating the negative impacts of the local flood conditions. In particular, in Go Vap, the completed works includeconstruction of earth embankments, 2-metre earth coverage of dyke embankments, and site clearance in preparation for the upcoming worksin Wards 5, 6, 15, 14, 17 and 13. In addition, a number of drainage works have been implemented with local funds, including the maintenance of drainage works 4 Article 50. Implementation Effect 2. This Decree replaces the Government's Decree No. 22ll998lND-CP of April 24, 1998 on damage compensation when the State recovers land for defence and security purposes, national interests, public interests. All previous regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land, which are contrary to this Decree, are hereby annulled. For projects, project items that have completed the compensation, support and resettlement work; that have approved the compensation, support and resettlement plans or are making payments for compensation, support and resettlement according to the plans approved before the effective date of this Decree, the approved plans shall be implemented without application of, or adjustment according to, the provisions of this Decree. 67 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 (dredging, and maintenance of the drainage system with the annual municipal budget), and construction of a drainage system along the main roads of Pham Huy Thông, Nguyen Văn Nghi, and Tran Quoc Tuan. The city-funded work has improved the flood conditions considerably. In particular, Neighbourhood 1, Ward 13, Go Vap is located along the Tham Luong canal. The flooding situation has been improved considerablly after the initial stage of the city‘s work, together with people-funded road upgrading. However, new alphalted roads have substantial height differences, some being heightened by 0.5 meter and others by 1 metre, due to local residents‘ varied affordability. In Thanh Xuan Ward, District 12, flooding used to be very common as a consequence of high tides but respondents report that the situation has been improved considerably since the construction of the Bo Hu Canal. Some minor rain floods happen in certain small areas, but the rainwater is fully discharged to the canal, usually around half an hour after a rain. In neighbourhood 1, residential units 2 and 5 remain often flooded as affected by the water flow from the Cán Dua drainpipe. Househoolds with difficult living conditions reside alongside the canal in temporary shelters with leaf or roofing, which have been built on dyke borderlines. Respondents report that tidal floods in this area have been tackled (World Bank 2014). b) Remaining constraints However, according to the Qualitative Assessment Report of Poverty and Social Impacts of Flooding in Selected Neighborhoods of HCMC conducted by the World Bank (2014), there remain some issues to be addressed, as follows:  Despite road heightening, flooding as a result of combined effects of rainwater and high tides still happens in some parts of the study sites as a result of the unsatisfactory draining system; degraded road quality due to large traffic circulation; and drainpipes blocked with rubbish, resulting in slow discharge of rain and wastewater;  Improper use of the sluice gates by local people for their own advantages is reported;  Maintenance of sluice gates is unsatisfactory. Some sluice gates in Ward 13, Go Vap, have broken down, thus the water cannot push them through;  The existing earth embankment causes inconvenient transport for local residents;  The local people throw rubbish and plastic bags on the earth embankment, seriously polluting the local environment; and  Risks for children are a concern. The survey assessing the influence level of the canal system Tham Luong - Ben Cat – Nuoc len to the life of local households shows that the percentage of households answering pollution of canal system directly affecting their living activities accounted for 75.38%. Among this, the highest rate is in Go Vap District, accounting for 97.08%; 96.77% is for District 12 (most of the surveyed households are living along the channel or 50m away the channel). The proportion of households who think that contamination of the canal system does not affect their daily life activities is 24.62%, mostly those belonging to Tan Binh district (75%). This is because these households are 300m away from the canal and therefore do not notice the impact from water 68 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 pollution. Table 3.9 Percentage of households directly affected by the canal system Tan Binh district Go Vap district District 12 Average Status Number of Number of Number of Number of (%) (%) (%) (%) household household household household Affected 25 25.00 166 97.08 60 96.77 251 75.38 Non- 75 75.00 5 2.92 2 3.23 82 24.62 affected The factor affecting people's daily life the most are insects such as flies, mosquitoes, accounting for 39.46%, the highest rate of which is 92.31% from Tan Binh district. The second most important reason affecting health of the local population is the unpleasant stench emitting from the waste ordecomposition of waste in the canal accounting for 38.56%, the highest rate of which from District 12 accounts for 46.51% and Go Vap District being 38.50%. Also, there are some other offensive symtoms such as headache and rhinitis occupying 12.97%. Diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and cholera in the region are not in high portion. In addition to the above- mentioned effects, the canal water during the rainy season overflowing into the project area causes other diseases such as scabies and itchy feet. The results of influences from canal pollution are shown in the following table: 69 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 3.10 Influence of canal pollution on household activities Tan Binh district Go Vap district District 12 Average Description Number of Number of Number of Number of (%) (%) (%) (%) Household Household Household Household Affect to living activities 0 0.00 18 4.50 3 2.33 21 3.78 Causing unpleasant stench 0 0.00 154 38.5 60 46.51 214 38.56 Causing malaria, dengue, 0 0.00 22 5.50 3 2.33 25 4.50 Causing cholera 0 0.00 4 1.00 0 0.00 4 0.72 Flies and mosquitoes 24 92.31 136 34.0 59 45.74 219 39.39 Others 2 7.69 66 16.5 4 3.10 72 12.97 Results of the survey assessing the influence of canal pollution on production activities and business operation shows that 91.59% of the surveyed households are not affected. This is because most of them live in the area of being unable to do the business or trading due to unfavorable traffic system, less densely populated and heavily polluted environment. The remaining 8.41% of households is affected especially in the rainy season but not frequent as the majority of them are doing small business at home. In particular, the highest level of impact is in Go Vap district, around 14.62%. Survey results of influence from the canal system are shown in the following table: 70 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 3.11 Percentage of households having production and business activities affected Tan Binh district Go Vap district District 12 Average Status Number of Number of Number of Number of (%) (%) (%) (%) Household Household Household Household Affected 1 1.00 25 14.62 2 3.23 28 8.41 Non- 99 99.00 146 85.38 60 96.77 305 91.59 affected Among the affected households, it is said that contamination to the food business accounted for 57.14%. Some small food production businesses had to stop its activities due to the quality of products, which account for 10.71%. Some other influences include sparsely populated area and unfavorable local for business trading account for 32.14%. In the rainy season, households suffering from flooding caused by overflowing from the canal account for 70.87%, mainly in Go Vap and District 12 (69.35% and 61.99% respectively). Especially Tan Binh district, 87.00% of households are flooded during the rainy season. Although the surveyed households live in a distance from the canal but still incur flooding from rainwater due to clogged culvert leading no drainage to the channel or large water volume during in-spate season backflow from canals and culverts into residential areas. According the local households, previously there was no submerged condition, but since the canal started to receive large amounts of industrial wastewater, and domestic discharge, especially solid waste, this has impeded drainage, causing flooding of low-lying areas. Only 29.13% of the households are not flooded in the rainy season because they live far away from the canal system or are protected by river embankments. Although their houses are not flooded, the surrounding area has been affected. The proportion of households regularly flooded during the rainy season accounts for 58.37%. Some residents in Go Vap district must move by boat in the flood season. The highest proportion of households regularly incur flooding is in Tan Binh District, accounting for 68.97%; 57.28% from Go Vap District and the lowest being 39.53% from District 12. The percentage of households occasionally suffering from water overflowing into the house occupies 41.63%, mostly concentrating in District 12 with 60.47% and the lowest being 31.03% in Tan Binh District. Table 3.12 Summary of impacts of flooding on poor, nearly-poor households, immigrants and vulnerable groups Indicator Description - Water-borne and respiratory diseases Health - High medical costs Livelihood Reduced wages, and reduced or lost revenues from renting services. 71 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Indicator Description - Property damage Housing and sanitation - Insects, such as flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches Hard travel in flooded areas to reach schools and clinics, occasional Access to social services power cuts in some areas during a flooding period, and poor quality of water, especially from drilled wells - Delay of production and delivery of products - Loss of business revenues Local Business - Unsatisfactory environmental and hygiene conditions - Reduced incomes reduced or lost jobs due to flooding impacts - Women suffer more than men, especially in terms of sanitation and health conditions. Women and children - More vulnerability to infectious diseases for children - Safety concern during flood Source: World Bank 2014. 3.2.7. Health care and education a. Health care Immunization programs for infants and children are fully implemented in the project area. In Go Vap District, there are six health clinics operating at full capacity, two of which have been upgraded as dermatology and child care clinics. However, the ones for tuberculosis and mental health have badly deteriorated and needs to be renovated. Facilities and equipments at the district health center currently meet the demand for medical treatment. However, many ward-level health centers ward lacks basic equipment compared to national standards such as equipments for ophthalmology and orthodontic examination. In District 12, there is no district-level health center and 9 over 10 wards have health clinics. There are many drawbacks in the development of health facilities: two over nine health clinics sharing with local clinics has deteriorated, one over nine clinics does not meet construction standard construction. The private sector has 26 clinics, 28 pharmacies, 15 dental clinics and 8 drugstores. Most health clinics are equipped with medical facilities and can perform mini- operations. Currently, the local health sector has been equipped with two dental machines, one of which is damaged; one X-ray machine and one ECG machine. Table 3.13 Number of people suffered from infectious diseases and serious diseases Diseases (in persons) Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004 Year 2005 Cholera 28 0 1 0 Dangue fever 2,783 7,537 7,714 7,650 72 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Diseases (in persons) Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004 Year 2005 Whooping cough 85 98 38 10 Measles 449 158 10 9 HIV 13,067 17,782 22,445 27,560 AIDS 4,814 5,933 8,408 9,940 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Ho Chi Minh City 2005 – 2010. b. Education Education quality is quite good in the project area. Each district has enough schools at three levels and kindergarten with experienced teachers. The number of children attending school is quite high with significant increase in some years and insignificant increase in the others. Table 3.14 The number of classes, pupils and teachers in the 2009-2010 academic year of Go Vap District Quantity Kindergarten Public 731 Semi-public 200 Private 82 Preschool Public 5,399 Semi-public 755 Private 3,117 Teacher Vocational 278 College 108 University 61 High school 274 Classroom Public 168 Semi-public 39 73 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Private 86 Primary 29,767 Secondary 20,375 High school 7.395 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Ho Chi Minh City 2010. In Go Vap District, there is a full variety of education, from preschool to primary school, junior high, high school, vocational education and higher education. There is one university and one technical college which is an advantage compared to other districts. Many schools are fully equipped with teaching equipments such as laboratories, audio-visual rooms and computer rooms. However, only about a quarter of schools are equipped. Many schools do not have separate labs for each subject. The provision of reference books for teachers is minimal and library services are limited. Table 3.15 Number of schools, pupils and teachers in the 2010-2011 academic year in the project area Preschool School District Student Teacher School Student Teacher School District 12 8,314 339 17 36,590 1,211 28 Go Vap 12,225 567 34 6,129 1,869 40 Tan Binh 9,470 444 32 68,741 2,754 53 Binh Thanh 10,731 529 34 56,200 1,975 48 Binh Tan 5,174 212 11 23,317 834 19 Binh Chanh 5,946 222 19 33,579 1,307 45 Hoc Mon 6,912 312 21 42,567 1,684 41 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Ho Chi Minh City 2010. 3.2.8. Historic sites in the project area Ho Chi Minh City is a young city but with many resources for cultural and tourism development. Those are ancient architectural sites such as Nha Rong, Quoc To temple, Xa Tay Palace (headquarters of the City People's Committee), Opera House, City Post Office, a system of ancient pagodas (Giac Lam, Ba Thien Hau, Giac Vien), and a system of ancient churches (Notre Dame, Huyen Sy, Thong Tay Hoi, Thu Duc). As the cultural center of the country, the city currently has 22 art units and 9 theaters, accounting for 15.5% and 18.6% of the country's art units and theaters respectively. The City Department of Culture and Information has developed the master plan until 2020 towards modern urban development rich in national identity. 74 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The census conducted by Ho Chi Minh City Department of Culture and Information showed that there are approximately 1,000 historic sites and landmarks in the city. Among these, there are 239 war-related historic sites, 493 architectural monuments (over 100 years), 9 historic headstones, 34 ancient traditional houses, 102 ancient gravestone, 8 landscapes. The result of the census is the basis for the Ministry of Culture and Information to recognize further 144 landscapes and monuments of the city. The following temples; Tan Tuc (Binh Chanh), Phan Cong Hon, Tan Thoi Tu (Hoc Mon) and Linh Tay (Thu Duc) have just been recognized as city- level historic and architectural cultural landmarks. Ho Chi Minh City has a total number of 260 temples, 57 of which are located in Binh Chanh District and the rest scattered in other districts. In addition to religious purposes, some temples were used as secret shelters for the communist soldiers during wartime such as Binh Dong Temple in District 8 and Phong Phu Temple in District 9. In addition, there are some city-level historic sites as follows; - Binh Chanh District: Lang Le – Bau Co, Binh Truong Temple; - Binh Thanh District: ancient traditional house of Vuong Hong Sen; - Tan Binh District: Giac Lam Pagoda, Phu Tho Hoa bomb warehouse, Phan Chau Trinh grave; - Hoc Mon District: Tan Thoi Nhi Temple, Hoc Mon District Temple, Nga Ba Giong; - Go Vap District: An Nhon Temple, Thong Tay Hoi Temple, Sac Tu Truong Tho Pagoda Overall, there are many historic sites in the project area. Each citizen must be aware of protecting and promoting these historic sites. 3.2.9. Past and on-going education and communication programs to raise community awareness of environmental protection  Mass media Communication measures: cooperating with radios, televisions and news to effectively raise community awareness of environmental protection, communicating about the meaning of the Project and project beneficiaries to build credibility with local communities and encouraging their contribution to environmental protection by not throwing wastes into the catchment area during construction and post-construction phases.  Social activities Education measures: this is an important measure. Educating local communities about awareness against environmental pollution and reducing wastes during construction phases. Wastes need to be collected and treated to prevent environmental pollution.  Social organizations, unions and schools Enhancing communication and encouragement of local communities to participate in environmental protection. Organizing workshops to increase awareness of environmental 75 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 protection. Social unions and schools should take advantage of this communication form. Organizing non-official meetings and group discussions in various forms. Organizing forums, workshops and meetings with civic and social organizations to present and announces social and environmental issues related to the project. Organizing conferences about the project to publicly announce project benefits to encourage community participation. At present, in some districts such as Binh Tan and District 12, the Youth Union is organizing the event ―Green Sunday‖ to encourage youth members to participate in collecting wastes in the catchment area and planting trees to protect local environment. This activity should be promoted and popularized in other districts to encourage environmental protection in these areas.  Public areas Local governments have not developed any feasible measure to encourage community participation in canal protection in public areas. This is because the budget of district for environmental protection activities is inadequate. However, in the future, districts will make efforts to develop the most effective measures for environmental protection.  Households At present, Binh Tan and District 12 has directed the Youth Union to help local communities have better understanding of the responsibility for environmental protection of the catchment area. Whenever there are policies about environmental protection in the area, the Youth Union will print flyerer with readable and easy-to-understand content to distribute to every household. This activity helps people to update and apply policies in the fastest way. 3.3. Existing Environmental Quality 3.3.1. Environmental Quality Sampling Plan and Analytical Parameters EXP. was in collaboration with the Environmental Technology and Management Center (ETM) to conducted surveys, samplings, and sample analyses on 12 and 13 October 2015. The method for evaluating environmental quality is as follows:  Air quality is assessed by micro-climate (temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed); noise; suspended dust particles; exhaust gases (NO2, SO2, CO, NH3, H2S and VOC);. Air samples are taken from the project area, at the site where the construction activities of the project will be taken place (11 samples)  Water quality is assessed by the following criteria: pH, Total hardness, Turbidity, Color, DO, total suspended solids, TDS, COD, BOD5, NH4+, Cl-, F-, N-NO2-, SO42-, P-PO43-, heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Iron, Mercury) Oil and grease and E.Coli; 10 samples of surface samples were analyzed included: including 02 samples at the two ends of the main canal, 06 samples at conjunction of the 06 secondary canals with the main canal; 01 samples in tcentral section of the main canal at the An Lac bridge near Tan Tao IZ WWTP; 01 samples near outlet of the WWTPs of Tan Binh. Samples 76 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 are taken during high tide and low tide. The quality of soil was assessed with the following criteria: pH, Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc and Mercury. There are total 08 soil samples; taken at the bank of Tham Luong-Ben Cat canal. These soils were the dredged from first phase of the rehabilitation of the main canal and used for making the soil embankment along the canal.  Groundwater quality is assessed by the following criteria: pH, Turbidity, Cl-, TDS, TS, COD, BOD5, NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43-, heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Chromium, Iron) Oil and grease, E.Coli and Coliform. Ground water were taken at 9 points along the main canal including:Thai Son football ground‘s well - Chin Xieng canal area; household‘s well - Cau Cut canal area; Nam Bang company‘s well - Truong Dai bridge area; well at wood shop - Hy Vong canal; store near Tham Luong bridge; household‘s well - Binh Thuan bridge; household‘s well - Ba Hom bridge; household‘s well - from An Lac bridge to An Lap bridge; household‘s well - from Nuoc Len bridge to Cho Dem river.  Sediment analysis is assessed by the following criteria: Organochlorine Pesticides, PAHs, DDT, Hg, As, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr. Sediment were taken at 12 points along the main canal including: 02 points at the two ends Vam Thuat and Nuoc Len; 06 points at the conjunctions of the main canal with 06 secondary canal; 02 points near outlets of the WWTPs of Tan Binh and Tan Tao IZ; 02 points are taken at the ongoing construction packages of the project canal improvement (first phase, financed by Gov budget). For each points, the sediments are taken at 02 layers, at the depth of 0.1 m (surface sludge) and 0.5 m (depth layer).  Bethos and Aquatic Plancktons. Sampling locations and analytical results on environmental quality are shown in the Annex 1 and Annex 2. In addition, details descriptions on sampling locations for air and water anlayses are provided in Annex 2, respectively. Locations for sludge/soil sampling in the project study area are coincident with locations for surface water and wastewater sampling. 3.3.2. Results of Air Quality Surveying and sampling were conducted on 12 and 13 October 2015. The air sampling locations were selected according to the following criteria: (1) located within the project area, (2) located on the roads to be used for transport of building materials during construction of the project items or situated in environmentally sensitive locations. The air quality in Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal basin is significantly affected by:  Foul odour from Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal due to the presence of NH3, H2S, VOC;  Pollutants generated from wastewater and from surrounding industries;  Air emissions from vehicles and traffic congestion; and  Air emissions from routine cooking activities, and other services. 77 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The detailed results are presented in Annex 2 and summarized as follows:  NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations do not exceed threshold limit values based on ambient air quality (TCVN 5937, 5938.2005) at the 11 monitoring locations at the different time periods;  The concentration of suspended particulates do not exceeded the air quality standard most of the time, excepting three out of 11 monitoring location are just over the standards including K4, K6 and K8;  NH3 and H2S concentrations are lower than the allowable standard in all monitoring locations. Noise: Noise level at the proposed locations of the project is from 65.1 to 81.0 dBA. Seven of them are exceed the allowable standards value of 70dBA (QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT). Thoes can be due to being measured at busy traffic period. 3.3.3. Water Quality The assessment of water quality in the project areas was based on analyses conducted by EXP. And ETM Center on 12 and 13 October 2015. Given the Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal has been considered as inland waterway, the water quality has examined based on the level B2 of QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT. The water sampling was undertaken at 11 locations to where the construction activities can potentially affect. The detailed results are presented in Annex 2 and summarized as follows:  The Canal is highly contaminated with E. Coli and Coliform at high tide and low tide;  Two end points of the Canal is slightly contaminated, where DO, NH4+, NO2- do exceed the allowable standards of level B of QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT at high tide and low tide;  In the middle of the Canal, it is more polluted, where DO, NH4+, NO2-, COD, BOD5, PO43-, oil and grease exceed the allowable standards of level B2 of QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT at high tide and low tide; and  The Canal‘s water does not contains heavy metals for both of tidal regimes. Table 3.16 Examination of water quality of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal Examination of water quality Codes Location High Tide Low Tide Most of parameters exceed the Most of parameters exceed the At 200 meter from SW1-HT allowable standards of level B2 allowable standards of level B2 Sai Gon river and SW1 (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), towards the Vam - LT excepting DO and NH4+, NO2-, excepting DO and NH4+, NO2-, Thuat canal Coliform and E.coli. Coliform and E.coli. At the junction of Most of parameters exceed the Most of parameters exceed the SW2-HT Chin Xieng canal allowable standards of level B2 allowable standards of level B2 and SW2 with Tham Luong – (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), 78 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Examination of water quality Codes Location High Tide Low Tide - LT Ben Cat – Nuoc excepting DO and NH4+, - NO2 , excepting DO, TSS, Len canal Coliform and E.coli. NH4+,Coliform and E.coli. The water quality indicates this The water quality indicates this At the junction of location is slightly polluted, location is slightly polluted, SW3-HT Ong Bau canal with where COD, BOD5, DO, NH4+, where COD, BOD5, DO, NH4+, and SW3 Tham Luong – Ben PO43-, oil and grease, coliform NO2-, PO43-, oil and grease, - LT Cat – Nuoc Len and E.coli exceed the allowable coliform and E.coli exceed the canal standards of level B2 (QCVN allowable standards of level B2 08:2015). (QCVN 08:2015). The water quality indicates this At the junction Most of parameters exceed the location is slightly polluted, SW4-HT between Ong Tong allowable standards of level B2 where COD, BOD5, DO, NH4+, and SW4 canal and Tham (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), PO43-, coliform and E.coli - LT Luong – Ben Cat – excepting DO and NH4+, NO2-, exceed the allowable standards Nuoc Len canal Coliform and Ecoli. of level B2 (QCVN 08:2015). Most of parameters exceed the At the junction Most of parameters exceed the allowable standards of level B2 SW5-HT between Ba Mien allowable standards of level B2 (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), and SW5 canal and Tham (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), excepting DO, TSS, COD, - LT Luong – Ben Cat – excepting DO, COD, NH4+, + 3- NH4 , PO4 , Coliform and Nuoc Len canal PO43-, Coliform and Ecoli. Ecoli. Most of parameters exceed the Most of parameters exceed the At the junction allowable standards of level B2 allowable standards of level B2 SW6-HT between Cau Cut (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), and SW6 canal and Tham excepting DO, COD, BOD5, excepting DO, TSS, COD, - LT Luong – Ben Cat – NH4+, PO43-, Coliform and BOD5, NH4+, PO43-, oil and Nuoc Len canal Ecoli. grease, Coliform and Ecoli. At the junction Most of parameters exceed the Most of parameters exceed the between the Hy allowable standards of level B2 allowable standards of level B2 SW7-HT Vong channel and (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), and SW7 the Tham Luong – excepting DO, COD, BOD5, excepting DO, COD, BOD5, - LT Ben Cat – Nuoc NH4+, PO43-, Coliform and NH4+, PO43-, oil and grease, Len canal Ecoli. Coliform and Ecoli. Most of parameters exceed the Most of parameters exceed the At the Tham Luong allowable standards of level B2 allowable standards of level B2 SW8-HT bridge where a (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), and SW8 discharge point of excepting DO, COD, BOD5, excepting DO, COD, BOD5, - LT Tan Binh Industrial NH4+, PO43-, Coliform and NH4+, PO43-, Coliform and Park is located. Ecoli. Ecoli. 79 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Examination of water quality Codes Location High Tide Low Tide Most of parameters exceed the Most of parameters exceed the allowable standards of level B2 SW9-HT At the An Lac allowable standards of level B2 (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), and SW9 bridge (Tan Tao (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), excepting DO, COD, BOD5, - LT Industrial Park) excepting DO, NH4+, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-, Coliform and Coliform and Ecoli. Ecoli. Most of parameters exceed the Most of parameters exceed the At 200 meter from SW10-HT allowable standards of level B2 allowable standards of level B2 Cho Dem river and SW10 (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), (QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT), toward the Nuoc - LT excepting DO, NH4+, Coliform excepting DO, NH4+, NO2-, Len bridge and Ecoli. Coliform and Ecoli. 3.3.4. Result of Groundwater Quality Ground water quality survey for the Canal was done by Exp. and ETM Center. All drilled wells surveyed are depth layer drilled wells, above 20m. Many wells have high concentration of NH 4 (GW1, GW2, GW3, GW4, GW8 and GW9) and low pH (GW1, GW2, GW3, GW4, GW7, GW8 and GW9). Other parameters of groundwater do not exceed the allowable value of QCVN 09:2008/ BTNMT. It means that the water in all the surveyed wells has been just slightly polluted. 3.3.5. Result of Soil quality Surveying and sampling were conducted on 12 and 13 October 2015. The soil sampling locations were selected at positions covered by sludge of 4 packages in phase 1. Soil were taken at 8 points including: - From Tham Luong bridge to Cho Cau bridge, at the Tham Luong canal that distance from the Hy Vong cannal 500m (Soil was covered from 2013); - From Tham Luong bridge to Cho Cau bridge, the Hy Vong cannal; - From Cho Cau bridge to Truong Dai bridge, at Cho Cau bridge area; - From Cho Cau bridge to Truong Dai bridge, at Truong Dai bridge area (Soil was covered from 2012-2013); - From Truong Dai to An Loc bridge, at Cau Cut canal area (Soil was covered from 2013); - From Truong Dai to An Loc bridge. at Ba Mien canal area (Soil was covered from 09/2015); - From An Loc bridge to Sai Gon river, at Ong Tong canal area (Soil was covered from 2012 to2013); - From An Loc bridge to Sai Gon river, at Ong Bau canal area (Soil was covered from 08/2015). 80 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 All most parameters of soil do not exceed the allowable value of QCVN 03:2008/ BTNMT for residental and commercial land. Cu concentration of S7 - from An Loc bridge to Sai Gon river, at Ong Tong canal area (Soil was covered from 2012-2013) exceed the allowable value of QCVN 09:2008/ BTNMT for residental land. 3.3.6. Sludge quality/Sediment Surveying and sampling were conducted on 12 and 13 October 2015. Sediment samples were taken at 12 points (see Annex 2). For each points, the sediments are taken at 02 layers, at the depth of 0.1 m (surface sludge) and 0.5 m (depth layer). All parameters of sediment samples do not exceed the allowable value of QCVN 43:2012/ BTNMT – National technical regulation on sediment quality. 3.3.7. Aquatic and Plankton Surveying and sampling were conducted on 12 and 13 October 2015. The Aquatic and Plankton sampling were taken at 10 points for two tide (high tide and low tide) including 02 samples at the two ends of the main canal, 06 samples at conjunction of the 06 secondary canals with the main canal; 01 samples in central section of the main canal at the An Lac bridge near Tan Tao IZ WWTP; 01 samples near outlet of the WWTPs of Tan Binh.  Phytoplankton Species composition According to the results of the study on community structure, a total 31 species belonged to 4 class including Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae và Bacillariophyceae were distinguished. Among them, species of Bacillariophyceae (Pennales), Chlorophyceae and Euglenophyceae had the highest species number fluctuating from 7 to 9 species. All of phytoplankton species in the project area were originated from fresh water. Most species of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Euglenophyceae indicated for the rich nutrient water and organic pollution. Lowest number of species (5 species) are recorded in SW3-LT, whereas SW2-HT and SW9-HT are recognized position with the highest number of species (17-18 species). Most of the other samples had 8-12 species. Phytoplankton abundance and Indices Quantity of phytoplankton in the project area highly fluctuated from 3,380,000 to 25,250,000 organisms/m3. Phytoplankton abundance at SW10-HT is the highest value and lowest value at SW1-LT. The results show that most species of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Euglenophycea are pollution indicator species for mesosaprobic level to polysaprobic level such as Oscillatoria sp.1, Oscillatoria sp.2, Nitzschia sigma, Nitzschia vitrea, Actinastrum hantzschii, Ankistrodesmus gracilis, Ankistrodesmus spiralis, Pediastrum duplex, Pediastrum tetras, Scenedesmus 81 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 accuminatus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Euglena acus, Euglena oxyuris, Lepocinclis fusiformis, Phacus pleuronectes. Biodiversity index H‘: biodiversity index H‘ of phytoplankton had a value from 0.94 to 2.42. Among them, most of the monitoring positions have the average H‘ value from 1 to 2, indicating for low biodiversity. Dominant index D: dominant index D of phytoplankton had a value from 0.24 to 0.75. There‘s over 65% samples with D index value approximately 0.5 or higher. This suggests the stability is not high in phytoplankton community. Additionally, most dominant species in these samples are pollution indicator species, except in SW1, SW2 and SW4.  Zooplankton Species composition Based on the analysis, 15 species and 1 larva of zooplankton were recorded in the project area. The number of Cladocera species prevails in species composition but not dominant high (5 Cladocera species/total 16 species). All of zooplankton species in the project area were originated from fresh water. There were low species in each sample ranging from 1 species to 7 species. Lowest number of species (1-2 species) are recorded in SW5 and SW8, whereas SW10 are recognized position with the highest number of species (5-7 species). Zooplankton abundance and Indices Quantity of zooplankton in the project area highly fluctuated from 300 organisms/m3 (at SW5- HT) to 4,300 organisms/m3 (at SW7-HT). The dominant species were Paramoecium putrinum, Philodina roseola, Scaridium longicaudum, Pristina longiseta, Moina dubia, Thermocyclops hyalinus. Biodiversity index H‘: biodiversity index H‘ of zooplankton had a value from 0 to 1.68. H‘ of SW10-HT is the highest zooplankton biodiversity index, whereas H‘ of SW3-HT, SW5, SW8 are recorded as the lowest zooplankton biodiversity indices (H‘ from 0 to 0.67). Dominant index D: dominant index D of zooplankton had a value from 0.29 to 1. The highest D value, the highest instability in aquatic organisms. Thus, the results show that the highest stability of zooplankton recorded at SW2-LT, SW3-LT and SW9; the lowest stability of zooplankton recorded at SW5-HT, SW8-HT with maximun D value.  Benthic macroinvertebrates Species composition The results show that only 3 species of Oligochaeta Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi and Aulodrilus pluriseta were recorded in the project area. These species indicated for the rich nutrient water and organic pollution from mesosaprobic level to polysarprobic level. Benthic macroinvertebrates abundance and Indices 82 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Quantity of benthic macroinvertebrates in the project area is very low and ranges from 0 to 660 organisms/m2 (at SW1). The number of samples that not detected benthic macroinvertebrates is over 55% of the total samples. Besides, the survey in field also recorded almost all sediments at monitoring positions of the project area have smell and black sand or sludge background. SW1, SW2, SW4, SW5 and SW10 recorded only Oligochaeta benthic macroinvertebrates indicated pollution environment. This shows that it is also need to alarm about pollution state at these positions. Biodiversity index H‘: biodiversity index H‘ of benthic macroinvertebrates had a very low value from 0 to 0.66. Dominant index D: dominant index D of benthic macroinvertebrates had a value from 0.63 to 1 severely indicated the instability of benthic macroinvertebrates . 3.3.8. Fishes A sample of fish were collected in October 2015 at Saigon river areas from Tham Luong sluice, Ben Cat and Nuoc Len canals. They were collected directly from fishing gears: simple trap net, long trap net, cast net, electronic fishing, etc. In addition, fishes were bought directly at fishing locations in Saigon River. This work was conducted at the time that fishermen began collecting fish species (including night), in order to avoid the confusion of fishes which had caught from other areas that were outside the scope of our study areas. Sampling locations: - The first area (KV 1) begins at An Phu Đong ferry to Tu Quy bridge; - The second area (KV 2): An Phu Đong to Tham Luong bridge; - The third area (KV 3): Nuoc Len bridge to Song Chua bridge. By analysis of the samples are collected from the surveys, there are 6 species belonging to 6 families, 6 genera, and 3 orders at Tham Luong sluice - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len canal. Among orders, Perciformes is most abundant with 4 species; Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes with 1 species each orders (Table 3.19). Table 3.17 The fish species composition at Tham Luong sluice - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len canal Sampling locations No Scientific name Vietnamese name KV 1 KV 2 KV3 I Siluriformes Catfish Clariidae Airbreathing catfishes Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, North African catfish + + 1822) II Synbranchiformes Spiny eels 83 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Sampling locations No Scientific name Vietnamese name KV 1 KV 2 KV3 Synbranchidae Swamp-eels Monopterus albus (Zuiew, 1793) Asian swamp eel + III Perciformes Perch-likes 1 Anabantidae Climbing gouramies Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) Climbing perch 2 Helostomatidae Kissing gourami Helostoma temminkii Cuvier, 182 Kissing gourami 9 3 Osphronemidae Gouramies Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, Three spot gourami 1770) 4 Channidae Snakeheads Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) Striped snakehead Total 5 0 2 There are 5 fish species, such as Clarias gariepinus, Anabas testudineus, Helostoma temminkii, Trichopodus trichopterus, Channa striata at the near An Phu Đong ferry areas, form Mieu Noi to the junction of Saigon river. Often found in areas with dense vegetation (as water hyacinth) and closing to the riverside. These fish have very small size. They are sold to farmers who feed them in the ponds near Saigon river or made cattle food. Average fishing production of long trap net about 2-5kg/per day. Anabas testudineus making up of 32% of the total species number, Clarias gariepinus: 20%, Trichopodus trichopterus: 5%, the remaining fish species make up rather low rate. Large size species are released into the river for religion purpose, they make up 43% of the total species number. Results record that these fish species have high fishing production in the rainy season, their production can estimate 10-30 kg/per day for long trap net and electronic scoop net. Clarias gariepinus and Monopterus albus are main species that are caught by cast net and long trap net with the number of the number of individuals are very few at the Nuoc Len bridge areas. They concentrate mainly in close to shore but almost totally absent in the river bed. 84 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The remaining areas (from An Lac bridge to Tham Luong-Nuoc Len bridges) aren‘t almost recorded and collected fish sampling. Consultative results of fishermen who are living along the riverside, show that fish species can‘t afford to live in these areas, as well as the fishemen can‘t catch any fish in here. 85 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 4.1. Analyses Of Needs Of The Project Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is the economic centre of Vietnam and accounts for a large proportion of Vietnam economy. Thanks to its favourable natural conditions HCMC became an important traffic hub for Vietnam and Southeast Asia, including road, railway, waterway and airway. However, due to rapid population growth, inadequate and poorly functional infrastructure, low public awareness. HCMC is challenged with significant flood and environmental pollution. HCMC, in recent years, has been significantly flooded, especially during rainy season from June to November and during flood-tide between September and December. Flooding in HCMC is caused by high intensity of rainfall, flood-tide, poor effectiveness of wastewater drainage system in rural area, inefficient operation of reservoirs and land subsidence due to groundwater withdraw. Heavy rainfall events have been increased in recent centuries. Wastewater and storm water drainage systems of HCMC have been downgraded and overloaded during heavy rainfall events while those systems have still not been constructed in many places in HCMC. As a result, flooding due to high rainfall intensity has been frequent. High tides in the East Sea obstruct water flow of upstream river and the urban drainage to the sea causing flash floods. On top of these, HCMC is also challenged with inflow of the East Sea to canal system. This inflow causes an increase of water level in canals and obstructs its flow from the City centre to Sai Gon River, especially during high tides. In addition to frequent high intensity rainfall and high tides, flooding in HCMC is caused by draining water from hydropower and irrigation reservoirs located in the upstream. HCMC, in 2000, was severely flooded due to draining water of Tri An reservoir (2.000 m3/s) and Dau Tieng reservoir (600 m3/s). Furthermore, HCMC is affected by flooding in Mekong River through Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay rivers. Regarding the feasible study 2012 conducted by HCMC Government, flooding in HCMC is a frequent event affecting an area of 5,944 ha (40% of total area of the catchment) and a population of 700,000 inhabitants (35% of total people living in the catchment). In addition to the flooding, the causes of which include direct discharge of untreated wastewater to canals, creeks and rivers. Industrial operation along canals and discharge of community activities has been considered as major source of pollutants that cause severe damage of them. Ho Chi Minh City has five large Canals, including Nhieu Loc Thi Nghe Canal, Tau Hu Ben Nghe Canal, Doi Te Canal, Tan Hoa Lo Gom Canal and Tham Luong Ben Cat Canal. Excepting Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal, the other have been supported by international organisations to construct and operate facilities relating to drainage, flood control and pollutants removal, such as World Bank for Nhieu Loc Thi Nghe Canal and Tan Hoa Lo Gom Canal, JICA for Tau Hu Ben Nghe Canal and Doi Te Canal. 86 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 In fact, the upgrading of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal and its associated facilities and infrastructures requires many of construction works that requires the HCM City Government to call for budget for this investment and potentially affect to environment and socioeconomics along the Canal and at area within the catchment area of the Canal. For social impact, the upgrading of main Canal will require land acquisition where affected people will need to relocate to resettlement sites. Consequently, their livelihood and culture and social relations will be affected accordingly. For environment, the construction and operation works will cause negative impacts to local residents and environmental receptors (ambient air, surface water, soil and groundwater, terrestrial and aquatic ecology). However, if compared to negative impacts of upgrading the canal and its associated facilities, the negative impacts of floodwater and pollution from no upgrading those is much more substantial, relating to human health, livelihood, transportation, infrastructure and water sanitation. An upgrading the Canal and its associated facilities and infrastructures are highly important that will bring many of benefits on significant improvement of environment performance and drainage capacity, from where HCMC residents, entrepreneurs and functional departments are ensured to be beneficial including: For HCMC residents:  Being able to live in improved environmental and living condition, whereby they can improve their health, security and safety;  Reducing poverty and having more opportunities to develop their own business (i.e. tourism activities, restaurants, shop) to increase their income; For entrepreneurs Domestic and international manufacturing enterprises and companies located in the drainage catchment will be no longer challenged with vicious cycle of flooding and environmental pollution, whereby, their business can be developed stably and their economic growth target can be achieved, positively contributing to the economic growth of HCMC and stabilising the income of their labour. Government department Being provided professional training relating to operation of modern system, programs and facilities of flood risk management. 4.2. With Project Alternatives 4.2.1. Sub-component 2.1: Construction of Nuoc Len combined tidal sluice gate and 02 ship locks Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate and ship locks are proposed to be located in Nuoc Len Creek to enhance the capacity of draining rainwater, prevent inundation due to rain and tidal flood and sea level rise for now and for the future and ensure water navigation in case sluice closed and establishing bus routes in the Canal. This sub-component is proposed two options of locations 87 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 and two technical designs whose impacts analyses on environment, socioeconomic, engineering and economic are shown in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 Alternatives on locations of Nuoc Len combined sluice gate and ship locks Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description The combined sluice gate and ship The combined sluice gate and ship locks is located 400 m distant from locks are located 1,740m distant from Cho Dem river side, near the Phu Cho Dem river side, near the Nuoc Dinh Port Len bridge. Technical More difficult Less difficult. Construction is more complex as the inland waterway is more condensed than option 2. The width of the river section is larger than option 2 (50 compared to 40m) and the river section is more winding. Environment During construction, the cumulative During construction, the cumulative impacts on air emission, noise, water impacts on air emission, noise, water quality is higher as the location is quality is lower than option 1 as the already condensed with other location is more remote than the emission sources option 1 Social Risk on waterway traffic congestion Risk on waterway traffic congestion and accidents is higher than option 1 and accidents is lower than option 1 Land acquisition and resettlement is Land acquisition and resettlement is not required required Cost Lower cost due to no requirement of Higher cost due to land acquisition land acquisition and resettlement and resettlement Conclusion: Even having lower investment cost, the location at 400m from Cho Dem riverside was rejected given construction method of this sub-component at this site is more complicated and construction at this site will bring more cumulative impacts on environmental and social receptors (air quality, surface water and groundwater, soil, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, inland waterway traffic) than that at 1,740 m distant from Cho Dem Riverside. 88 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 4.2 Alternatives on technical design of Nuoc Len combined sluice gate and ship locks Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description Sluice gates and two chambers of The sluice gate and two chambers of ship lock arranged at same side of ship lock arranged at both side of the the sluice gate sluice gate Technical Construction is less completed Construction is more complex Social The likelihood of inland waterway During operation phase, it is expected congestion and even accidents low marine traffic congestion or even during operation phase is higher. accidents Environment Due to the higher likelihood of Due to the higher likelihood of traffic traffic congestion, cumulative impact congestion, cumulative impact on air on air emission, noise, water quality emission, noise, water quality at the at the site of investment will higher site of investment will less Cost Lower Higher Conclusion: The generated environmental impacts are not very much different between two options during construction phase, but are relatively different during operation phase, where the likelihood of inland waterway congestion and even accidents resulted from option 1 will be higher, which likely leads to cumulative impacts on environmental (air emission, noise, water quality) and social receptors (inland waterway traffic). Even having higher investment cost, the option 2 was selected as it bring less environmental and social impacts. 4.2.2. Sub-component 2.1: Construction of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks Similar to the sub-component 1, two options of location and technical designs were proposed for sub-component 2, Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks. Table 4.3 presents an analysis of impacts on environment, socioeconomic, engineering and economic aspects for those options. Table 4.3 Alternatives on locations of Vam Thuat combined sluice gate and ship locks Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description The combined sluice gate and ship The combined sluice gate and ship locks is located 200 m distant from locks is located 600 m distant from Sai Sai Gon river side Gon river side Technical More difficult Less difficult. Construction is more complex as the inland waterway is deeper and more 89 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 widening than option 2. Environment During construction, environmental During construction, environmental impact significance is more given impact significance is less given the the residents located nearby the site. residents nearby are fewer. Social More residents are affected by the Fewer residents are affected by the project construction and operation project construction and operation Land acquisition and resettlement is Land acquisition and resettlement is required not required Cost Higher cost due to requirement of Lower cost due to no requirement of land acquisition and resettlement land acquisition and resettlement and and more complex method of simple method of construction construction Conclusion: Due to having fewer impacts on environmental and social receptors together with lower cost of no land acquisition and resettlement and simple method of construction, option 2 was selected. Table 4.4 Alternatives on technical design of Vam Thuat combined sluice gate and ship locks Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description Sluice gates and two chambers of The sluice gate and two chambers of ship lock arranged at same side of ship lock arranged at both side of the the sluice gate sluice gate Technical Construction is less completed Construction is more complex Social The likelihood of inland waterway During operation phase, it is expected congestion and even accidents low marine traffic congestion or even during operation phase is higher. accidents Environment Due to the higher likelihood of Due to the higher likelihood of traffic traffic congestion, cumulative impact congestion, cumulative impact on air on air emission, noise, water quality emission, noise, water quality at the at the site of investment will higher site of investment will less Cost Lower Higher 90 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Conclusion: The generated environmental impacts are not very much different between two options during construction phase, but are relatively different during operation phase, where the likelihood of inland waterway congestion and even accidents resulted from option 1 will be higher, which likely leads to cumulative impacts on environmental (air emission, noise, water quality) and social receptors (inland waterway traffic). Even having higher investment cost, the option 2 was selected as it bring less environmental and social impacts. 4.2.3. Sub-component 2.2: Improvement/Upgrading of revetment in the main canal of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len The location of this sub-component was assigned by the local government, at Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Canal. Therefore, alternative for locations is not analysed. For technical design, two technical designs were proposed as presented in Table 4.5 that shows an analyses of alternative options. Table 4.5 Alternatives on technical design for the embankment of Tham Luong-Ben Cat-Rach Nuoc Len canal Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description Combined slope revetment at the two Building vertical embankment for the ends (at the end of Vam Thuat and whole Canal. Nuoc Len canals) and vertical revetment (the centre section). Technical Less complicated as the slope The topographic elevation of the Canal was embankment does not require affected by accumulation of sediment. In installation of vertical pile to prevent order to install vertical piles, the subsidence. construction procedure is more complicated as requiring additional technical solution to deal with subsidence. Need less mobilization of heavy In addition, given the sub-component is equipment for piling work. wholly constructed with vertical roof embankment, this needs more heavy equipment for pilling works. Social Land acquisition at the two ends is Land acquisition at the two ends is less. higher, as the slope embankment will require more land. 91 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Environment Lower impacts on noise and Higher impacts on noise and vibration vibration during construction. during construction period due to piling work. Fewer dredging works generate More dredging works generate more sludge fewer sludge amounts, reducing amounts, increasing negative impacts on air negative impacts on air emission emission from sludge transportation. from sludge transportation. Lower risk on subsidence of houses. Higher risk on subsidence of houses. Cost - For land acquisition higher - Cost for land acquisition is lower - For construction, lower as it - Cost for construction is higher as it required less complex construction required more complex construction method for the slope revetment method. section.  In total, this option result is lower  In total, this option result in higher cost. cost. Conclusion: Even requiring land acquisition, the option 1 was selected due to having fewer impacts on environmental during construction phase together with lower cost and simple method of construction. 4.2.4. Sub-component 2.3: Construction of drainage culvert system in Go Vap district Location of the drainage culvert system is along the right bank of Tham Luong – Ben Cat canal where starting point of the drain is Cho Cau bridge - Go Vap District and ending point of the drain is collecting wells of the waste water treatment plan at An Phu Dong ward, District 12. Two options of constructing the drainage culvert system are: (i) constructing interceptors with installation of pumping stations; and (ii) constructing interceptors without installation of pumping stations. Table 4.4 presents analyses of impacts on environment, socioeconomic, engineering and economic aspects for those options. Table 4.6 Alternatives on technical design of drainage culvert system in Go Vap district Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description Constructing interceptors by Constructing interceptors by hydraulic jack. excavation of soil. Technical Being simpler as requiring excavation Being more complicated as requiring high- equipment to make trenches. tech equipment and well trained employees 92 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Social Large occupation of land leads to Less occupation of land leads to fewer more impacts on the livelihood of impacts on the livelihood of nearby residents. nearby residents. The likelihood of traffic congestion and even The likelihood of traffic congestion accidents during construction phase is lower. and even accidents during construction phase is higher. Environment Due to the higher likelihood of Due to the lower likelihood of traffic traffic congestion, cumulative congestion, cumulative impact on air impact on air emission, noise, water emission, noise, water quality at the site of quality at the site of investment will investment will less. higher. Impacts on air quality and ambient noise are The volume of soil generated is fewer. higher due to excavation to make trenches. The vehicles that are required to transport soil to disposal site potentially affect to air quality and ambient noise. Cost Lower cost due to low-tech Higher cost due to high-tech equipment and equipment and unskilled labour skilled employees Conclusion: Even having higher cost of construction and more complex method, it was selected due to being of significantly lower impacts on environmental and social receptors. 4.2.5. Sub-component 2.3: Construction and improvement of primary and secondary combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district The scope of works of this project is to construct and improve primary and secondary combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap District. The areas of the project has a circle form from the North Eastern part to the South Western part of the City, connecting Sai Gon river from the East to Cho Dem river from the South West. It includes three regions: Go Vap District, 5 wards of District 12 and ward 13 of Binh Thanh District with estimation of 4,361 ha. The sub-component 5 requires an application of semi-separate sewer system for Binh Thanh District and Go Vap District and separate sewer system for District 12. Table 4.5 presents analyses of impacts on environment, socioeconomic, engineering and economic aspects for those options. 93 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 4.7 Alternatives on technical design of primary and secondary combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description - Semi-separate sewer system - Separate sewer system - Trench technology - Hydraulic jack Technical Semi-separate sewer system Separate sewer system Under the existing sewer system of Go Under the existing sewer system of Vap District, the construction design of District 12, the system construction is semi-separate sewer system is more simpler because it is likely remote are, complex given the it is more where the sewer system has been not complicated, in which some sections fully developed. were damaged that need to be replaced Hydraulic Jack Trench technology This technology is more complicated This technology is simpler as it only given it requires high-tech equipment requires excavation equipment to make and well skilled employees. trenches. Social Trench technology Hydraulic Jack Large occupation of land leads to more Less occupation of land leads to fewer impacts on the livelihood of nearby impacts on the livelihood of nearby residents. residents. The likelihood of traffic congestion and The likelihood of traffic congestion even accidents during construction and even accidents during phase is higher. construction phase is lower. Environment Due to the higher likelihood of traffic Due to the lower likelihood of traffic congestion, cumulative impact on air congestion, cumulative impact on air emission, noise, water quality at the emission, noise, water quality at the site of investment will higher. site of investment will less. Impacts on air quality and ambient The volume of soil generated is higher noise are fewer. due to excavation to make trenches. The vehicles that are required to transport soil to disposal site potentially affect to air quality and ambient noise. Cost Lower cost due to low-tech equipment Higher cost due to high-tech and unskilled labour equipment and skilled employees 94 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Conclusion: Even having higher cost of construction and more complex method, it was selected due to being of significantly lower impacts on environmental and social receptors. 4.2.6. Sub-component 2.4: Improvement of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng) The sub-component 6 is undertaken with six canals, creeks connected with the main canal of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len in Tan Binh and Go Vap district from Tham Luong bridge to Sai Gon river with total length 8.213,4m (consist of: Hy Vong canal, Cau Cut creek, Ba Mieng creeek, Ong Tong creek, Ong Bau creeek, Chin Xieng creek). Table 4.8 Alternatives on technical design of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng) Alternatives Options 1 Option 2 Description Culvert box is proposed for canals at Open canal – It is used for canals where cross section is narrow and its with large existing cross-sections. surface water is heavily polluted Technical Being more complex due to Being more simple transporting and laying the culvert box into trench Social Transporting and laying the culvert Fewer impacts on safety of local box to the project site can affect to residents safety of local residents given those can be collapsed. Environment Potential impacts on environment and Not different social receptors generated from upgrading the canal to be open canals are impacts on land acquisition, odours, water quality, solid waste, noise and vibration. Cost Lower due to no land acquisition Higher due to land acquisition CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 95 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1. Environmental Impact Assessment 5.1.1. Expected Positive Impact Component 1: Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management  Densification and modernization of monitoring equipment widens the coverage, reliability and quality of rainfall observations and flood forecasting;  Enhanced technical and scientific capacity of staff involved in flood forecasting, flood management and development planning, and disaster risk reduction management;  Instantaneous receipt of information between agencies and the ability to do ―what -if‖ scenario simulations with the system.  Strengthening the capacity of agency involved in water quality monitoring;  Improvement of the local capacity and awareness for better solid waste management. Component 2: Priority Flood Risk Reduction Interventions For HCMC residents:  Being able to live in improved environmental and living condition, whereby the community can improve their health, security and safety;  Reducing poverty and having more opportunities to develop their own business (i.e. tourism activities, restaurants, shop) to increase their income; For entrepreneurs  Domestic and international manufacturing enterprises and companies located in the drainage catchment will be no longer challenged with vicious cycle of flooding and environmental pollution, whereby, their business can be developed stably and their economic growth target can be achieved, positively contributing to the economic growth of HCMC and stabilizing the income of their labors. Government department  Being provided professional training relating to operation of modern system, programs and facilities of flood risk management. Overall, the government capacity can be strengthened effectively. 5.1.2. Potential Negative Impact 5.1.2.1.Type and Scale Of Project Impact Potential impacts have been identified through a systematic process whereby the features and activities (both planned and unplanned) associated with the pre-construction, construction, and operation of the Project components have been considered with respect to their potential to interact with resources/receptors. Potential impacts have each been classified in one of three categories: 96 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015  No interaction: where the Project component‘s activities are unlikely to interact with the resource/receptor;  Interaction likely, but not likely to be significant: where there is likely to be an interaction, but the resultant impact is unlikely to change baseline conditions in an appreciable/detectable way; and  Significant interaction: where there is likely to be an interaction, and the resultant impact has a reasonable potential to cause a significant effect on the resource/receptor. As a tool for conducting scoping, the various component features and activities that could reasonably act as a source of impact were identified, and these have been listed down the vertical axis of a Potential Interactions Matrix. The resources/receptors relevant to the Baseline environment have been listed across the horizontal axis of the matrix. Each resulting cell on the Potential Interactions Matrix thus represents a potential interaction between a Project feature/activity and a resource/ receptor. The completed Potential Interactions Matrix is presented in Table 5.1. Those cells that are coloured white are ‗scoped out‘ of further consideration in the IA Process. Those interactions that are shaded black are retained for further consideration in the IA Process. It should be noted that the list of Project activities is not intended to be exhaustive but rather an identification of key aspects of the operations that have the potential to interact with the environment and cause environmental impacts. The list of resources/receptors is also a focused list of the key aspects of the environment that are considered vulnerable or important in the context of the project‘s construction and operation activities. Cumulative impacts will be presented in a section 5.3 in which the cumulative impact assessment will linked to impacts assessment of for activities of the project component 1 and component 2. 97 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 5.1 Level of Potential Negative Impacts of Project Resource/ Receptors Physical Biological Socio Others Land acquisition, Land, soil, water Fish, aquatic life Off-site impacts Forest, natural traffic, safety Local flood, Solid waste, resettlement Livelihood, disturbance community Air, noise, vibration habitats Sludge UXO Project Activity PCR Project Component 1: Combined Construction of Nuoc Len and Vam Thuattidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks Pre - Construction Operation of machinery/vehicles for land clearance and house demoliton Land acquisition Transporting waste to the disposal site Workers onsite Construction Operation of machinery/vehicles Transporting waste and material from/to disposal site and supply sources Infrastructure construction (excavation, compacting) Workers onsite Operation Operation of tidal sluice gate and ship locks Transportation of boats/ship Project Component 2: Dredging and construction of canal bank revetment in the main canal of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len 98 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Pre - Construction Operation of machinery/vehicles for land clearance and house demoliton Land acquisition Transporting waste to the disposal site Workers onsite Construction Operation of machinery/vehicles Transporting waste and material from/to disposal site and supply sources Workers onsite Operation Operation of the rehabiliateted canal Transportation of boats/ship Activities of visitor at the project site Project Component 3: Selected storm and waste water systems in Go Vap District Construction Operation of machinery/vehicles Transporting waste and material from/to disposal site and supply sources Workers onsite Operation Operation of sewage pipes Project Component 6: Improvement of secondary canals (Hy Vọng, Cầu Cụt, Bà Miêng, Ông Tổng, Ông Bầu, Chín Xiểng). Pre - Construction Operation of machinery/vehicles for land clearance and house demoliton 99 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Land acquisition Transporting waste to the disposal site Workers onsite Construction Operation of machinery/vehicles Transporting waste and material from/to disposal site and supply sources Workers onsite Operation Operation of the rehabiliateted canal Transportation of boats/ship Activities of visitor at the project site 100 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5.1.2.2.Socioeconomic Impact (i) Land Acquisition and Resettlement Involuntary Resettlement is the inevitable relocation affects in the process of implementing the project, including affected people (PAP) to rebuild their homes, property and income restoration. The affected include those subject to compulsory land acquisition by the projects financed by the World Bank and lead to: Must relocate or be homeless; Lose assets or ability to access to assets; Lose income sources or means of livelihood, whether people affected should or not to move to another location; and be restricted access to the area is required by law or protected areas detrimental to the livelihoods of those affected. (ii) Potential differential impacts on women and vulnerable in particular landless HH to be relocated No differential adverse impacts were identified on any vulnerable households. In almost all such cases there was other earning members in the households. However, with disabled persons the households face higher expenditures on medical treatment and loss of productive members. For single women with dependents tend to have unstable income from professions like making nail, selling lottery tickets, hairdressing and making-up, propose to building small credit program suitably for this group may develop household economy. (iii) Other social impacts Component 2: Priority Flood Risk Reduction Interventions  Affect the movement of people during construction;  The risk of impoverishment for occupied households living in the TLBCNL canals and river embankments;  The risk of accidents on workplace safety without adequate warning systems;  Increase social ills without suitable livelihood recovery programs;  Loss of family income for those traders and some business households along the Canal  The relocation of the former residence to the new place will affect people with incomes from motorcycle/car patch, motorbikes, manicure, hairdressing, etc. 5.1.2.3.Impact to on Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) PCR includes archaeological, paleontological, architecturally significant, and religious sites including graveyards, burial sites, and sites of unique natural value. Initial indications are that no observed physical or cultural resources will be affected by the project. Nevertheless, the Contractor is responsible for familiarizing themselves with the following ―Chance Finds Procedures‖, in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation. 5.1.2.4.Impact to Nature Habitat 101 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 In the project area, no rare species plants were protected as it is mainly in urban area and agricultural land was used for resettlement purposes, there was no natural conservation area. Therefore, project implementation and operation will bring no impact to wildlife and natural ecosystems. 5.1.3. Detailed environment impact assessment for component 1 on Integrated Flood Risk Management The proposed number of weather stations, rainfall stations and hydrological stations including the new weather radar and operations center to house equipment and other support facilities will require land acquisition, and construction activities that will have physical impacts to the environment. Although information on locational as well as area requirements are not available at this time, potential impacts can be predicted and these may include but not necessarily be limited to involuntary resettlement; and impacts to ambient air, noise, water quality, soil and groundwater, waste, terrestrial ecology, and noise and vibration during the pre-construction, construction and operational phases of Component 1. These are however anticipated to be small-scale in nature, and of shorter lifespan for each installation sites commensurate to the duration of the construction activities of each installations, and building requirements. Quantitative and/or modeling requirements had not been attempted at this time due to the non- availability of information but this can be done at a later time following the content for each of the impacts identified and quantified for the priority infrastructures for Component 2 discussed in the appropriate sub-sections of this report. It is however noteworthy to mention major pre-construction activities that may have to be undertaken and necessary to discuss the impacts associated with each development phase (pre- construction, construction and operation) for purposes of planning, consultation and disclosure to potential directly affected project stakeholders. 5.1.3.1.Impact assessment during pre-construction phase of component 1 a) Air quality During site preparation, the activities of machinery and equipment may result in dust generation and re-suspension, and emissions. (i) Dust generated by soil disturbance from site preparation and waste handling of component 1 The site from which the installations will be placed will require preparation by way of land disturbance and excavations that may be necessary. Wastes generated from these activities may also require removal of vegetation, structures and other assets depending on the preferred site. These information are not yet available at this time but it is anticipated that regardless of the site 102 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 circumstances, dusts maybe generated and excavated construction wastes may have to be handled. (ii) Transportation of construction wastes of component 1 The assessment had not determined the transportation requirements for waste handling to the disposal site. However, it is anticipated that vehicles transporting these materials will generate emissions from running engine, including NO2, SO2, CO, particulate matter and VOC. Given that this emission source is mobile, the effect to the community living along the road where the trucks will travel through to the disposal site will be expected. Unprotected waste materials in the vehicles may be also dumped along the way. (iii) Operation of machinery during site preparation phase of component 1 Site preparation may use equipment and machineries. Although the number and type had not been determined for such activity, their use may generate exhaust gases from fuel burning containing fine particle matter and other gaseous pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). No estimate had been made but it is expected that emissions shall meet both government and international standards owing to the small-scale nature of the site installation activities. The impacts of the activity are anticipated to be localized, and limited only to the local community surrounding installation sites and communities along the transportation routes. The impact of magnitude of the air emission is anticipated to be Small. In the absence of site-specific baseline air quality and adopting precaution, the sensitivity of the air quality at project site and surrounding area is High. Overall, the significance of impacts should be assigned as Moderate. b) Noise and vibration Noise and vibration result from the operation of machinery and vehicles during site clearing and transportation of wastes to the disposal site. At the time of writing, the number and types of equipment and machineries has been not defined yet, but it is anticipated that regardless of the site circumstances, noise and vibration impacts maybe generated from site preparation. Given the construction is undertaken within temporary duration and locally, the magnitude of the impact can be considered as Medium. In the absence of baseline noise levels, the sensitivity of the receptors is Medium adopting precaution against IFC standards of daytime noise levels. Overall, significance of the impact is considered Moderate. c) Wastewater Wastewater including domestic wastewater and storm runoff water will be generated during land preparation phase. At the time of writing, the number of workers, area and duration of site preparation have been not defined yet, but it is anticipated that regardless of the site circumstances, wastewater impacts maybe generated from site preparation. Pollutants concentration in untreated domestic wastewater and storm runoff water are expected to be over the QCVN 14:2008, Column B, but the magnitude of those types of wastewater is considered 103 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Small given number of workers and disturbed site area is limited. Sensitivity of the receiving stream (TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River and Cho Dem River) is Medium in accordance with Decision No. 16/2014/QĐ-UBND of HCMC. Therefore, significance of the impacts is estimated Minor. d) Solid waste Solid waste generated during pre-construction phase includes demolition waste, domestic waste and hazardous waste. Given this phase may mainly include the house demolition works, the volume of demolition waste is expected to be significantly higher than domestic waste and hazardous waste, which is considered minor volume. At the time of writing, the workloads have been not defined yet, but those waste types can be predicted to potentially cause environmental impacts such as (i) generating unpleasant odor from decomposition of organic solid waste; (ii) impact to the aesthetics of the local area surrounding each of the installation sites; (iii) blocking of the walking pathways of local communities; (iv) increasing the concentration of suspended solid if washed out to the adjacent waterways, for example, TLBCNL Canal; and (v) contaminating soil, groundwater, and surface water if the oil-contaminated rags are not properly managed. Magnitude of those impacts are expected to be Small given the site clearance works is undertaken at local site in anticipated temporary duration and generate small volume of solid waste. For precaution purpose, the sensitivity of the receptor is estimated Medium. Overall, the impact significance is ranked as Minor. e) Traffic management Land clearance phase will require a mobilization of machineries and equipment to undertake the house demolition and transport the demolition waste to the disposal site. Those activities will increase the number of vehicles on local roads and affect the normal traffic flow, may diminish or interrupt access to properties, and can increase the number of traffic accidents, incidents and congestion. Traffic issues tend to be the most serious at rush hours on the crowded roads. Given the duration of land clearance phase is temporary, magnitude of those impacts are expected to be Small. For precaution purpose, the sensitivity of the receptor is estimated Medium. Overall, the impact significance is ranked as Minor. f) Social disturbance Generally, the camping site is not required during land clearance phase; therefore, its impact to surrounding residents can be rejected. The activities of construction equipment, machinery, open holes, transport vehicles could lead to social disturbance, risks and noise. Detail of this impact can be referred to Chapter 7. g) Biodiversity The scope of land preparation has been not defined yet, but clearance of vegetation may be required. Although there is lack of information of terrestrial ecosystem, the terrestrial wildlife is 104 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 defined low value of conservation based on the common information on the project site. Consequently, the magnitude of impacts and sensitivity of the receptors are considered Small. and Low. Overall, significance of the impacts on biodiversity is defined as Negligible. 5.1.3.2.Impact assessment during construction phase of component 1 a) Air quality Construction activities generating the air emission include operation of machineries and equipment, material and waste transportation, installation site soil excavation and access road construction. (i) Operation of machineries and equipment Depending on the area and location, the installation sites may require heavy machinery and vehicles in several of its activities (i.e. activities of vehicles and machinery to undertake the site works). The implementation schedule for Component 1 is from 2016 to 2021 (Source: Feasibility Study 2015). However, the schedules of the installation activities of all and each of the equipment have not been established. The impacts under each of the site installations shall therefore be considered on a per site basis which would then be short-term in duration. The extent of its impacts is anticipated to be highly localized covering only the immediate surroundings of the local communities. There are no baseline air qualities for each of the sites; therefore, the sensitivity of the air quality at each site and surrounding areas is impossible to be identified. However, for purposes of precaution, the impact of magnitude of the air emission and sensitivity of ambient air are Medium and High. Under this circumstance, the significance of the impacts is estimated as Major. (ii) Transportation The volume of materials and construction wastes to be generated has yet to be estimated for each of the installation sites. Although the pollutants emitted by transportation vehicles also needs to be estimated during the construction phase, it is anticipated that it will consist of carbon monoxide, particulates, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbon. The volume and composition of these pollutants are dependent on fuel composition, level of engine maintenance, engine temperature, and emission control technology. During the construction period, construction materials such as cement, steel, sand etc. will be transported to the site by trucks. The exhaust gas from these trucks may cause impacts to the communities along the route. The assessment has indicated that impacts to air quality from machineries and vehicles used during construction are expected to be localized, and of short-term duration. At the time of writing, the numbers and types of vehicles have been not finalized yet; therefore, it is impossible to correctly identify the magnitude if the impacts. However, for precaution purpose, the impact magnitude can be considered as Medium. 105 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Receptors that are expected to receive the impacts are those living along the routes where vehicles passes through and in residential areas that maybe adjacent to the installation sites. Although baseline air quality is not available for each of the installation sites, precaution shall assign sensitivity of the air quality at the installation sites and surrounding areas as maybe High. Therefore, significance of the impacts is estimated Major. (iii) Soil excavations at installation site The volume of potential excavated and/or filling soils for each of the installation sites have not yet been estimated. However, it is anticipated that the concentration of TSP below the Vietnam Standards. The assessment anticipates that impacts to air quality from soil excavations are expected to be localized and temporary in nature occurring over the duration of construction. The magnitude of dust impacts is determined as Negligible based on guidance from IFC. There are no available baselines for each of the installation sites. As a precaution, the sensitivity of the air quality at each of the installation sites and surrounding areas is assigned High. Overall, significance of the impacts is estimated Negligible. (iv) Access road construction It is not yet certain if each installation sites may need new access road or avail existing roads (which are ideal since this will further minimize or avoid right of way concerns). If access road maybe necessary to be constructed, dusts will be generated from loading sand and macadam into trucks and dumping these materials onto these roads. It is expected that total dust emission (TSP) can be estimated to be below the Vietnam standards compared. The assessment anticipated that impacts to air quality from road construction are expected to be localized, temporary occurring over the construction period. The magnitude of dust impacts is determined as Negligible based on guidance from IFC. There are no baseline air qualities for each of the installation sites. As a precaution, the sensitivity of the air quality at the installation sites and surrounding areas is assigned High. Overall, significance of the impacts is estimated Negligible. b) Noise and vibration During the construction period, noise and vibration will primarily be generated by various vehicles and construction equipment (i.e. engines and mobile equipment). It is not certain how many of the equipment installations will be located near residential areas, but is expected that those can potentially generate the noise impacts to surrounding residents at least 90m (as compared to QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT) and 600m (as compared to IFC EHS Guideline). Given the construction is undertaken within short duration and locally, the magnitude of the impact can be considered as Medium. In the absence of baseline noise and vibration levels, the sensitivity of the receptors is Medium adopting precaution against IFC standards of daytime noise levels. Overall, significance of the impact is considered Moderate. 106 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 c) Wastewater The different activities during construction have the potential to generate wastewater which, upon discharge, could lead to impacts on the quality of the adjacent and/or surrounding water bodies. Water quality may be influenced from domestic wastewater, construction wastewater and contaminated surface water runoff discharges. Given the construction works are mainly related to installation and undertaken in short duration, the latter two are expected to contribute limited pollutant loading to receiving stream. For domestic wastewater, even the information of number of labor undertaking the installation is unknown, domestic wastewater is usually characterized as having significant pollutant loading. The discharge of domestic effluent varies with the implementation of each installation sites, where the extent of the impact extent is highly localized and impact scale is estimated to be point-based. In the absence of information about peak manpower demand for each installation site during construction, the magnitude of this impact is anticipated to be Medium as a precaution. In line with Decision No. 16/2014/QĐ-UBND of HCM, the sensitivity of receiving stream (TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River, and Cho Dem River) is considered as Medium. For precaution owing to lack of other attributable information, overall, significance of the impacts is estimated Moderate. d) Solid waste The generation of wastes will occur in all areas associated with the construction activities and workers facilities during the construction phase. These include domestic solid waste, construction waste and hazardous waste. The generation of domestic solid waste from worker activities is estimated based on the workforce estimations during the construction phase and the likely domestic solid waste generation rate. It is estimated that the total domestic solid waste generation rate will be between 0.3 and 0.5 kg/person/day. However, the total number of workers required for each installation site had not yet been estimated. Therefore, the total volume cannot be also estimated but the impact can be estimated using the per capita generation discussed above. Building and construction wastes from construction activities especially for the Operations Center will be generated. The waste composition mainly includes excavated soils generated from preparation of the equipment and building foundation. On top of this waste, generation of other wastes (i.e. packing waste, steel, rock, and cement and many others) can be considered, but may not be significant in amount for each installation sites. Hazardous liquid wastewater and hazardous solid wastes will be generated during construction. These may include oily wastes from machinery and vehicles, liquid waste residuals, oily and chemical containers/drums, used batteries cartridges/fluorescent tubes, other contaminated materials 107 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The discharge of those types of waste varies with the implementation of each installation sites, where the extent of the impact extent is highly localized and impact scale is estimated to be point-based. In the absence of information about peak manpower demand and volume of construction waste and hazardous waste for each installation site during construction, the magnitude of this impact is anticipated to be Medium as a precaution. The sensitivity of environmental receptors is also anticipated to be Medium. Overall, the significance of the impacts is Moderate. e) Traffic management Land transportation for material and solid waste will increase the number of vehicles on the local road and affect the normal traffic flow may diminish or interrupt access to properties, and can increase the number of traffic accidents, incidents and congestion. Da Phuoc landfill is assigned as disposal site of solid waste where the routes of transportation designed to reach include: (i) Scenario 1: All excavated material transported by barge (the transfer site inside project area) follows the waterway transportation route option 1 (Nuoc Len Creek to Can Giuoc River to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow is characterized low (ii) Scenario 2: All excavated material transported by barge (the transfer site inside project area) follows the waterway transportation route option 2 (Vam Thuat end to Sai Gon River to Tau Hu Ben Nghe Canal to Ong Lon Creek to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow is characterized low. (iii) Scenario 3: All excavated material transported by barge to the transfer site inside project area) follows the land transportation route option 3 (Nuoc Len Creek to Nguyen Van Linh street to Highway 50 to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow of inland waterway and land is respectively characterized low and high. Related to material required for project construction, it is potentially imported from surrounding province/city including Ho Chi Minh, Ba Ria Vung Tau, Long An, Binh Duong and Dong Nai to the project site through either inland waterway or road. Being similar to routes of waste disposal, traffic flow of inland waterway is often lower than that of road transportation. Impact magnitude on inland waterway and land traffic flow is assigned as Small and Medium given the flow of the second is significantly higher than land traffic flow. For precaution purpose, the sensitivity of the receptor is estimated Medium. Overall, the impact significance is ranked as Minor and Moderate for inland waterway traffic and land traffic respectively. f) Social disturbance Following activities cause social disturbance on human health and livelihood, including: (i) activities of the project cause air emission, noise, vibration, domestic wastewater and solid waste at the project site; (ii) transportation through the roads causing noise and vibration and traffic congestion and accidents; and (iii) material exporting facilities located in Ho Chi Minh, Ba Ria Vung Tau, Long An, Binh Duong and Dong Nai. More details are presented in Chapter 7. 108 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 g) Biodiversity The aquatic ecosystem is potentially affected from discharging the untreated domestic wastewater, run-off storm water, solid waste and oil spill. If those cannot be control properly, it will potentially significantly cause the negative impacts on environment whose magnitude is expected to be Large. The data of ecology baseline survey indicate that value of aquatic biodiversity is low. Overall, the significance of the impacts on biodiversity is considered Moderate. 5.1.3.3.Impact assessment during operation phase a) Impacts on hydro-meteorological data gathering and water quality monitoring The positive and negative impacts of Component 1 during its operation include the following: Positive impacts  Monitoring coverage of the flood prone areas in Ho Chi Minh City in terms of quantity and quality will be sufficiently addressed to develop a reliable flood forecasting system;  Coverage of water level sensors for the city canal system will be likewise increased, partly because some will be needed for the control of the two gates constructed under this project;  The new weather radar will significantly increase the quality of rainfall observations and will also enable the now casting of rainfall a few hours ahead;  Water quality monitoring sampling will be automated albeit partly as there will still be a need to sample for parameters such as heavy metals, phosphates and nitrates;  Better flood management and development planning; and disaster risk reduction management. Negative impacts  Data collected might not be properly managed and used in achieving better flood management and disaster risk reduction management outcomes.  Turnover of technical as well as scientific staff will hamper the sustained capacity of the Government to address disaster risk reduction management problems. If the installations and equipment including the database assets are not operated properly, it will defeat the expected outcomes for better disaster risk reduction management. The operation phase is permanent that can affect flood management and development planning as well as water quality monitoring of the waterways of the city. Scale of the impact can be estimated as large area, including related drainage catchments and distributary canals. Magnitude of the impacts is expected to be Large. Sensitivity of the receptors is High. Overall, the significance of the impacts is Major. b) Impact on technical and scientific capacity of the government for integrated flood risk management of component 1 109 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Following the completion of the project, the technical as well as the scientific capacity of the Government for integrated flood risk management will be enhanced with suitably qualified candidates able to plan and manage disaster risk reduction management outcomes. In this regard, better and suitably qualified staffs able to competently collect, process, analyse and advice Government policy- and decision makers plays a significant role in sustainable development efforts of the country. Magnitude of the impact is expected to be Large. The sensitivity of surrounding environment should be High. Overall, it is estimated that the significance of impact is Major. c) Security of hydromet equipment and flood forecasting system and water quality monitoring equipment Some of hydromet equipment and flood forecasting system and water quality monitoring equipment will be installed outdoor; therefore, the risks of that equipment are stolen are high. In addition, the safety of security guy can be threatened due to presence of the robber. However, the likelihood of these incidents is unlikely and magnitude of these impacts is Medium. Overall, the significance of the impact is Minor. d) Equipment safety Component 1 will install the following monitoring stations: 5 weather stations, 80 rainfall stations and 20 hydrological stations distributed equally along rivers and along city canals. In addition, a new C-band bi-polar weather radar has been proposed to be placed at a new location. Information in regard to the specific Component 1 rainfall and hydrologic stations are not specified in the available feasibility study report. It is however anticipated that these installations will have the following typical instruments:  Thermometer for measuring air and sea surface temperature  Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure  Hygrometer for measuring humidity  Anemometer for measuring wind speed  Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation  Rain gauge for measuring precipitation over a set period of time  Runoff samplers  Tide gauges  Sensors In addition, additional instruments that may be installed include but not necessarily limited to the following:  Weather/precipitation identification sensors for identifying falling precipitation  Disdrometer for measuring drop size distribution  Transmissometer for measuring visibility 110 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015  Ceilometer for measuring cloud ceiling It is anticipated that based on the profile of these instruments where the operational requirements are small-scale (with the exception of the weather radar where the operation may be highly technical and scientific), no occupational or operational safety risks to people are imminent. 5.1.4. Impact Assessment for Component 2 on Priority Flood Risk Reduction Interventions 5.1.4.1.Impact assessment during pre-construction phase During pre-construction phase, the project component 2 will affect to environment and socioeconomic by following activities: rehabilitation, clearance, worker activities, maintenance of vehicle and machinery. a) Land acquisition The residential land acquisition and relocation of affected households cause more impacts on the physical and spiritual lives of the people, even to create social problems and prolonged litigation. The relocation to a new place also creates a strong impact on people and to emerge issues related to social living conditions of the resettled households will be changed dramatically, keep them away with the familiar relationship of the surrounding villages, social amenities and living conditions which they are enjoyed, even convenient business opportunities, they will take a long time to adapt to the new location. Further detail of this impact can be referred to Chapter 7. b) Air Air pollution from pre-construction activities/sites has many sources: (i) Dust generated from ground clearance; (ii) Emissions generated from transportation; (iii) Emission generated from machinery. (i) Dust generated by soil disturbance from house demolition and waste handling Waste generated from house demolition is mainly structures of houses such as roofs, walls, floors and ceilings, and foundation and basement. The house demolition will be undertaken for sub-component 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4 where dust generation for each is estimated based on the Emission Factor (EF) from AP-42: Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors Fifth edition developed by USEPA (USEPA, 1995) and BOX model as below. E = k x 0.0016 x (U/2.2)1.3/(M/2)1.4 (kg/tons) Equation 5.1 In which: – E: Emission factor (kg dust/tons of waste) – K: Particle size multiplier (K for TSP is 0.74) (USEPA, 1998) – U: Average wind speed (m/s), (U = 4.5 m/s for peak annual wind speed as worse case). – M: Material Moisture Content (%), M = 2% (referred from a Petrochemical project in South of Vietnam, 2014) 111 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 BOX model, a simplest type of model (Norazian Mohamed Noor), is applied to estimate the dust concentration at the project sites. The model is represented in Equation 5.2. Equation 5.2 Where – PC Concentration of the pollutant (mg/m3) – B Background pollution concentration (mg/m3) – q Emission loading (mg/s.m2) – u Wind speed (m/s) – L Length of site (m) – H Mixing Height (m) Table 5.2 Overall impacts of dust generated from house demolition and waste handling of sub- component 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4 Dust concentration top Number of Volume QCVN Baseline up (mg/l) Subcomponent house of waste 05:2013/BTNMT (mg/l) House Waste demolished (tons) for dust demolition handling Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and 6 67.32 0.1-0.14 0.18-0.22 0.3-0.41 0.3 tidal sluice gates: Nuoc Len. Sub- Component 2.2: Canal embankments in 77 864 0.1-0.23 0.2-0.33 0.37-0.5 0.3 the main Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub- Component 356 4000 0.1-0.33 0.2-0.42 0.3-0.53 0.3 2.4: Secondary canals systems. Duration of the land clearance phase of above sub-components are three days, thirty days and forty days respectively that are considered as temporary duration. The extent of its impacts is localized, just covering the local community surrounding project area and community along the 112 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 transportation routes. Based on the estimated dust concentration (Table 5.2), the magnitude of dust impacts is determined as Small for house demolition and Large for waste handling based on guidance from IFC (ERM 2012). Baseline air quality results at the project sites indicate that the sensitivity of the air quality at project site and surrounding area is Medium to High. Therefore, significance of the impacts is estimated Minor to Major. (ii) Emissions generated from transportation For each sub-component, 10-tons trucks will be mobilized in order to transport the demolition waste to the disposal site. During operating, those vehicles will generate the polluted air from running engine, including NO2, SO2, CO, particle and VOC. Given this emission source is mobile, it will effect to community living along the road where the trucks will travel through to the disposal site. The distance from the project site to the disposal site is estimated to be 50km. The emission factor emitted from vehicle movement and air emission concentration referred from Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources, Australia (2004) for land transportation (Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 in Annex 3). The assessment has indicated that impacts to air quality from transportation of machinery and vehicles are expected to be localized at the project sites, temporary occurring over three days, thirty days and sixty days for subcomponent 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4 respectively of construction period. Based on the guideline of IFC, the impact magnitude of NO2 is large while the other has negligible impacts magnitude. Overall, the impact of magnitude of the air emission is Small. Baseline air quality indicates that the sensitivity of the air quality at project site and surrounding area is High. Therefore, significance of the impacts is estimated Moderate. (iii) Emission generated from operation of machinery During house demolition, one excavator, one bulldozer and two 10-tons trucks will be mobilized to demolish the houses and loading the waste to the truck for each sub-component. The exhaust gases from fuel burning by these machines/ vehicles contain fine particle matter and other gaseous pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The ―Worst case scenario‖ for an estimation of pollutants from diesel exhaust is undertaken, where those vehicles‘ activities occur concurrently. The emission factors of NO2, SO2, TSP, and CO are referred from Southern California International Gateway Project (Table 3.3 in Annex 3). Using Equation 5.2, the results of estimation are presented in Table 3.4 (see Annex 3). For each sub-component, excepting CO and SO2 parameters within QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT at all sampling locations, NO2 and TSP parameters at sampling locations exceed QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT. Based on the guideline of IFC, the impact magnitude of NO2 and TSP is large while others have negligible impacts magnitude. Overall, the impact of magnitude of the air emission is Large. Receptors that are expected to receive the impacts are living in along the routes where vehicles travel through and from residential area nearby the project site. Baseline 113 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 air quality indicates that the sensitivity of the air quality at project site and surrounding area is almost High. Therefore, significance of the impacts is estimated Major. c) Noise and vibration Noise During land clearance, each component is expected to employ 1 excavator, 1 bulldozer and 2 trucks to undertake the house demolition and waste handling and transportation. Noise impacts are mainly resulted from operation of machinery and vehicles during house demolition and cause negative impacts to surrounding receptors. Noise health effects are the consequences of exposure to elevated sound levels and can include hearing impairment, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, and sleep disturbance. Changes in the immune system and birth defects can also be attributed to high noise exposure. Noise level will be decreased in accordance with the distance and can be estimated based on the following formula: LP(x) = LP(xo) + 20 x log10(xo/x) Equation 5.3  LP(x): noise level at l5m (dBA)  xo = 15m  Lp(x): Noise level at calculation site (dBA)  x: calculation site from noise generated source (m). For the each subcomponet, it is necessary to calculate the overall noise level produced by the simultaneous operation of several pieces of equipment. The overall noise level at a receptor is simply the sum (on an energy basis) of the individual contributions of each piece of equipment. Mathematically, the overall noise level at a receptor from several sources can be calculated using Equation 5.2.8: L∑ = 10 x lg ∑ 0,1Li Equation 5.4 In which: - LΣ : Total noise level - Li : noise level of source i - n : number of noise source The distances to estimate the effects of the noise generated by individual equipment and by combined equipment are from 100m to 800m that fully covers the receptors, including workers and nearby local residents. It is noted that these distances are accounted from the project boundary to the receptors nearby the project site. Based on the above, the total overall noise level expected at various sensitive receptors during the pre-construction phase due to Project activities is shown in Table 5.3. 114 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 5.3 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during pre-construction phase of each site of subcomponent 2.1, subcomponent 2.2 and subcomponent 2.4 Noise levels at distances (m) Machineries Noise level at 15 Machineries Lp (x) (dBA) number m (dBA) 100 200 400 600 800 1 Excavator 85 69 63 56 53 50 1 Bulldozer 85 69 63 56 53 50 2 Truck 85 69 63 56 53 50 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during pre-construction phase (Lp (x) 75 69 63 59 56 (dBA)) QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on Noise 70 (daytime) IFC‟s General EHS Guidelines (daytime) 55 The noise levels indicate that for distances at 100m and further, noise level emitted from individual equipment/machinery is below the Vietnam standards (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT) and exceed the IFC standards until at a distance of 600m. In order to fully cover noise impacts, the worst-case scenario, where all equipment and machineries are working concurrently, is proposed. On the other words, the combined noise level will be assessed to examine the impacts to the receptors. The combined noise levels only meets the Vietnamese Standard at 200m to further and IFC Standard at from 1000m to further. For all receptors living within the distance from 15 m to 75m, the magnitude impact of combined noise level is assessed to be medium given combined daytime noise level greater than 75-80 dBA (ERM, 2014). The sensitivity of the receptors at each project site is medium based on the baseline noise results against to IFC standards of noise level for daytime (ERM 2012). Overall, significance of the impact is considered Moderate. Vibration Construction activity can result in varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on the equipment and methods employed. Operation of construction equipment causes ground vibrations that spread through the ground and diminish in strength with distance. Buildings founded on the soil in the vicinity of the construction site respond to these vibrations, with varying results ranging from no perceptible effects at the lowest levels, low rumbling sounds and perceptible vibrations at moderate levels, and slight damage at the highest levels. 115 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The assessment for vibration impacts is undertaken on two types, including damage assessment and annoyance assessment. The following procedure is used to assess those impacts, including: Damage Assessment: In order to assess the damage caused by vibration impacts, PPVequip should be estimated based on Equation 5.5, then compared to the vibration damage criteria from Table 5.6 to examine significance of impacts. PPVequip = PPVmf x (25/D)1.5 Equation 5.5 where: - PPVequip: is the peak particle velocity in second of the equipment adjusted for distance - PPVref is the reference vibration level in m/sec at 7.62m (25 feet) from Table 5.5 - D is the distance from the equipment to the receiver. Annoyance Assessment:  If desired for consideration of annoyance or interference with vibration-sensitive activities, estimate the vibration level Lv at any distance D from the following equation: Lv(D) = Lv(7.62 m) – 301og(D/25) Equation 5.6 Where: - Lv(D): Vibration level at D m; - Lv(7.62 m): Vibration level at 7.62 m from Table 5.5. - D: distance from vibration to receiver. Using above methodology, the estimated peak particle velocity levels at the sensitive receptors nearest to the Project are shown in Table 5.5. When comparing the calculated with the Vibration Damage Potential Threshold Criteria (PPV) and the Vibration Annoyance Potential Criteria (VdB) (Table 5.4), it is found that the vibration levels of bulldozer and excavator are not likely to cause harm to building structures and human annoyance. It is slightly different for truck as it will affect to building and be perceptible by humans within 10ft (3m) from truck. Vibration from construction activities is likely to impact the nearby residential areas within 3m from the project boundary. Vibration caused by construction activities will occur only temporarily during demolition works, for only approximately three days and will only occur when such machinery is being operated. Therefore, the impact magnitude is considered Negligible. The sensitivity of the local residents is High. Based on these criteria, significance of potential vibration impacts during the construction phase is assessed to be Negligible. 116 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 5.4 Guideline for vibration damage potential threshold criteria (Sub-component 1) No. Building Category PPV (in/s) Approximate Lv (VdB) 1 Reinforced-concrete, steel or timber (no plaster) 0.5 102 2 Engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster) 0.3 94 3 Non-engineered timber and masonry buildings 0.2 98 Buildings extremely susceptible to vibration 4 0.12 90 damage Source: Swiss Consultants for Road Construction Association, "Effects of Vibration on Construction" VSS-SN640-312a, Zurich, Switzerland, April 1992. Table 5.5 Vibration level for construction equipment during pre-construction phase of each site of subcomponent 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4 PPVequip (D) at 7.62m Lv (D) at 7.62m No. Vehicles (in/sec) (m/sec) 1 Bulldozer 0.003 58 2 Truck 0.076 86 3 Excavator 0.003 58 117 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 5.6 Vibration level for construction equipment at different distances for each subcomponent PPVequip (D) (in/sec) (in ft) Lv (D) (ft) No. Vehicles 10 17 34 66 75 10 17 34 66 75 1 Bulldozer 0.01186 0.00535 0.00189 0.00070 0.00058 69.9 63.0 54.0 45.4 43.7 2 Truck 0.300 0.136 0.048 0.018 0.015 97.9 91.0 82.0 73.4 71.7 3 Truck 0.300 0.136 0.048 0.018 0.015 97.9 91.0 82.0 73.4 71.7 118 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 d) Wastewater (i) Domestic wastewater Total number of worker who working for all item is estimated about 35 workers. Demand for water use of each worker's prescribed in QCXDVN 01:2008/BXD is about 45 liters/person/day including water for washing, cooking and personal hygiene. The amount of wastewater is calculated by 100% of water used daily. Thus, the amount of domestic wastewater is generated at about 1.6 m3 per day for three subcomponents. Ingredients of wastewater include suspended solids, oil, grease, high concentrations of organic matter, residue, dissolved organic matter (through the BOD5, COD indicators), nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphor) and microorganisms. According to the pollutants emission of the World Health Organization (WHO) for developing countries in Table 4-45, the estimated load and average concentration of pollutants in the domestic wastewater before treatment through septic tanks are listed as follows: Table 5.7 Loads And Pollutants Concentration of Domestic Wastewater (untreated) Pollutant factor (mg/l) Pollution Load No. Pollutants factor(*) (kg/day) QCVN 14:2008 (g/person.day) Untreated Column B 1 BOD5 45 – 54 1.6 – 1.89 1000 - 1200 50 2 COD 72 – 102 2.52 – 3.57 1600 – 2666 - 3 TSS 70 – 145 2.45 – 5.10 1555 – 3222 100 4 Grease 10 – 30 0.35 – 1.05 222 - 666 20 Total 5 6 – 12 0.21 – 0.42 133 - 266 50 Nitrogen Ammonia 6 2.4 – 4.8 0.084 – 0.17 53 - 107 10 (N-NH4) 7 Phosphor 0.8 – 4.0 0.028 – 0.14 17.8–88.9 10 Total 22x106 – 5000 8 106 - 109 35 x 106 – 35 x 109 (MNP/100ml) Coliforms 22x109 Source: WHO, 1993. In the table above, the pollution load, number of workers and wastewater flow, pollutants concentration in wastewater can be calculated by the following formula: 119 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 C0 . C= Q Equation 5.7 In which: - C: Pollutant concentration, (mg/L) - C0: Pollutant load, (g/day) - Q: Wastewater flow, (m3/day) Comparing to the pollutants concentration in untreated domestic wastewater with the QCVN 14:2008, Column B, most of the parameters are over the standards. Duration of the pre- construction phase is sixty days, considered as temporary duration. The extent of its impacts is localized, potentially effecting to water quality of receiving receptors (TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River, Cho Dem River). The magnitude of impact can be considered medium. Receiving receptors includes TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River, and Cho Dem River that are considered to have medium sensitivity. Overall, significance of the impacts is estimated Moderate. (ii) Runoff storm water During the construction phase, storm water run-off from the Project site will be potentially contaminated by soil particles, solid waste, organic matters, oil, and grease. Based on the meteorological baseline data, peak rainy is happened from May to November annually. At the time of writing this report, a detailed schedule of deployment of the project has been not provided. Therefore, the peak rainy intensity will be selected to estimate run-off water flow based on the following equation: Q = C x I x A/1000 (Source: Storm water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA, 2005) (Equation 5.8) In which: – Q: flow of storm water run-off (m3/day); – C: run-off factor, depending on the surface characteristic; (1 for paved area, and 0.7 for unpaved area) – I: maximum rainfall (mm/h); (I peak = 50 mm/day) – A: Demolition area (m2) With 8780 m2 of house demolition for three subcomponents, flowrate of storm water is estimated at 439 m3 per day. Surface runoff from the exposed soil surface stockpiling etc. can be expected to contain elevated suspended sediments (SS) and may also contain debris (discarded construction material, vegetation) and other contaminants (e.g. oils, fuel, grease etc.). The assessment has indicated that impacts to water quality as a result of stormwater runoff discharge are expected to be localized, periodic, temporary duration occurring over sixty days of the land development period. The magnitude of the impacts is considered Medium. The sensitivity of those sensitive receptors (TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River, and Cho Dem River) 120 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 based on Decision No. 16/2014/QĐ-UBND of HCM is considered Medium. Overall, the negative impact is ranked of Moderate significance. e) Solid waste (i) Domestic Solid waste Solid waste coming from workers in pre-construction phase discharged about 0.35kg/person/day. With the number of workers is estimated about 35 people for three subcomponents, the amount of solid waste should generate around 12.25 kg/day. This solid waste contains 60-70% organic ingredient and 30-40% other substances, and may contains many bacteria, pathogens. These solid wastes would be collected and processed in order to limit the negative impact on human health and the local environment. The number of workers in the pre-construction phase is not too much, so the amount of solid waste generating from construction area is insignificant. However, investors should also take some measures to collect and ensure environmental hygiene of working areas. (ii) Construction solid waste by clearance process  Site clearance: Vegetation is removed during clearance phase, but generated with limited volume.  Demolition of existing structures: Materials in existing structures may include bricks, tiles, concrete waste, steel, soil, waste rock, wood, etc. The demolition process will create noise and dust. However, the volume of dust and waste and the period of demolition are very limited. Impacts will be localized and of small scale. Table below present the total of solid waste from the clearance process. Table 5.8 Total of house demolition waste from the clearance process for three subcomponents Estimated amount of Subcomponent Number of demolished house solid waste (tons) Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock 6 67.32 and tidal sluice gates: Nuoc Len. Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach 77 864 Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.4: Secondary canals 356 4000 systems. Total 4931 (iii) Waste oil After operating, the machinery and construction vehicles using on site must be maintained to avoid damage and ensure the stable operation. This process will generate an amount of Waste oil from machinery and vehicles. The amount of oil for once change is estimated about 16 liters/truck. The changing cycle is about 3-6 months, depending on the working time of machinery. The amount of hazardous waste generated from cleaning rags, oil machinery, oil 121 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 tanks, etc. in this phase is minimal. The estimated amount of Waste oil for once change is 10 liters. The amount of waste generated during land clearance phase is significance, especially demolition waste. The solid waste is generated during sixty days, considered a temporary duration; the extent of its impacts is localized. Therefore, the magnitude of the impact is Medium. The sensitivity of the environmental and social receptors surrounding the subcomponents sites are estimated Medium. Consequently, the overall significance of impacts is Moderate. f) Traffic management Total estimated trips of waste transportation will be 20 trips. Land transportation for solid waste will increase the number of vehicles on the local road and affect the normal traffic flow may diminish or interrupt access to properties, and can increase the number of traffic accidents, incidents and congestion. Da Phuoc landfill is assigned as disposal site of solid waste where the routes of transportation designed to reach include: (i) Scenario 1: All excavated material transported by barge (the transfer site inside project area) follows the waterway transportation route option 1 (Nuoc Len Creek to Can Giuoc River to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow is characterized low. (ii) Scenario 2: All excavated material transported by barge (the transfer site inside project area) follows the waterway transportation route option 2 (Vam Thuat end to Sai Gon River to Tau Hu Ben Nghe Canal to Ong Lon Creek to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow is characterized low. (iii) Scenario 3: All excavated material transported by barge to the transfer site inside project area) follows the land transportation route option 3 (Nuoc Len Creek to Nguyen Van Linh street to Highway 50 to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow of inland waterway and land is respectively characterized low and high. Impact magnitude on inland waterway and land traffic flow is assigned as Small and Medium given the flow of the second is significantly higher than land traffic flow. For precaution purpose, the sensitivity of the receptor is estimated Medium. Overall, the impact significances are ranked as Minor and Moderate for inland waterway traffic and land traffic respectively. g) Social disturbance It is estimated that there will be one worker camps established with 35 workers for three subcomponents during the land clearance period. The activities of construction equipment, machinery, open holes, transport vehicles could lead to social disturbance, risks and noise during nighttime. The main social problems could be listed as the below:  Potential impact of spreading infectious disease from employees to local communities and vice versa. 122 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015  Potential impact of prostitution, drugs and gambling.  Potential conflict between workers and local communities because of differences of culture, behavior.  Potential impacts on local businesses, for example restaurants, shops etc. could be temporary closed or disadvantaged because of project activities and pollution.  Cultural values could be potentially impacted but because all these values are distanced from project construction areas hence will not be significantly impacted. However, the concentration of huge amount of employees could potentially undesirable conflict with local communities including cultural values;  Communities could be at risk if they travel around or are close to the construction sites and potentially exposed to accidents. h) UXO (Unexploded ordnance) UXO removal is important so as to avoid any potential threat to works and safety for local people and workers. For sub-components, UXO needs to be carefully considered and removed before construction activities can commence. The impacts of UXO in the project area represent significant negative impacts if mitigation measures are not applied, with high risk to human health, life, and also infrastructure. UXO removal must be completed before starting civil works. 5.1.4.2.Impact assessment during construction phase a) Air emission The emissions including dust and air emission generated from construction activities include fuel combustion from mobile heavy-duty diesel, gasoline-powered equipment, mobility of construction materials, soil excavation and road construction. (i) Transportation The volume of material and waste to be transported to and from the construction site by road is approximately 10,459,800 tons in which detail of material and waste and round trips per day are presented in Table 5.9. The transportation of waste and material can use road or inland waterway, but for conservative approach, the estimation will be estimated for road transportation. In this regard, trucks of 30 tons will be used. Given the construction durations of some of subcomponents are different, the estimated trips are different. The distance for the transportation is approximately estimated 50km from the project site to Da Phuoc landfill or material supplying sources in Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Long An and Vung Tau. Table 5.9 Volume of material and waste required to transport to project site and disposal site (Da Phuoc landfill) Volume of material Round trips per Component 2 and waste (tons) day (trips) 123 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Volume of material Round trips per Component 2 and waste (tons) day (trips) Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal sluice 209,000 24 gates: Nuoc Len and Vam Thuat Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main 8,720,000 432 Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.2: Selected storm and waste water 1,120,800 60 systems in Go Vap District Sub-Component 2.4: Secondary canals systems. 410,000 41 The emission loading and concentration results are estimated and represented in Table 3.5 and Table 3.6 (see both in Annex 3). The assessment has indicated that impacts to air quality from machinery and vehicles are expected to be localized, short-term occurring over from 2 years to 4 year of construction period. Based on the guideline of IFC, the impact magnitude of NO 2 and TSP are large while the other has negligible impacts magnitude. Overall, the impact of magnitude of the air emission is Large. Baseline air quality indicates that the sensitivity of the air quality at project site and surrounding area is ranked from medium to high. Therefore, significance of the impacts is estimated Major. (ii) Operation of machinery and vehicles for all subcomponents of component 2 Four subcomponents will employ the different numbers of vehicles and machineries and may have different sensitive receptors; therefore, during operation of those at each site, the significance of air emission from their operation will be likely different. The estimation of pollutants from diesel exhaust are based on the number of machinery and vehicles of (Table 3.7 to Table 3.11 in Annex 3) when those vehicles‘ activities occur concurrently which is considered as the ―Worst case scenario‖. The emission factors for NO2, SO2, TSP, and CO referenced to Southern California International Gateway Project employed to estimate the emission loading, which is used to estimate the air emission concentration using BOX Model (Equation 5.2). The air emission generated from operation of those machineries and vehicles for those subcomponents are presented from Table 3.7 to Table 3.11 (See Annex 3). The assessment has indicated that impacts to air quality from machinery and vehicles are expected to be localized, short-term occurring from 2 years to 4 year of-construction period. Excepting CO and SO2 parameters within QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT at all sampling locations, NO2 and TSP parameter exceed QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT (Table 3.12 in Annex 3). Based on the guideline of IFC, the impact magnitude of NO2 and TSP is large while others have negligible impacts magnitude. Overall, the impact of magnitude of the air emission is Large. Baseline air quality indicates that the sensitivity of the air quality at project sites and surrounding area is from medium to high. Therefore, significance of the impacts is estimated Major. (iii) Soil excavation and filling for construction of main infrastructure of subcomponent 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 124 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The construction of main infrastructures of those subcomponents potentially generates the dust emission, especially during excavating and filling soil. Following table provides the volume of excavated soil and filled soil of subcomponent 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 that will be used to quantitatively be assessed. Only the data of subcomponent 2.4 is still not available and will be assessed qualitatively as below. The top up concentration of dust generated from excavating and filling soil of the subcomponents are below QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. Some locations of those subcomponent is exceed the standard given dust baseline is higher than standard. It means that the contribution of those activities is minor in top up concentration. The assessment has indicated that impacts to air quality from machinery and vehicles are expected to be localized, temporary occurring over 6 months of construction period. The magnitude of dust impacts is determined as Negligible based on guidance from IFC. Baseline air quality at the site of each subcomponent indicates that the sensitivity of the air quality at project site and surrounding area is high. Overall, significance of the impacts is estimated Negligible. Table 5.12 Dust generation of filling and excavating soil of subcomponent 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 Top up concentration of QCVN Filled Baseline Excavated dust (mg/l) 05:2013/ Component 2 soil data soil (tons)1 Excavated Filled soil BTNMT (tons)1 (mg/l) soil for dust Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: 259,496 112,127 0.1-0.14 0.11 – 0.15 0.1 – 0.14 0.3 Nuoc Len and Vam Thuat Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main Tham Luong 832,693.88 940,910 0.1-0.23 0.13 – 0.17 0.13 – 0.17 0.3 – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.3: Selected storm and 178,906 53,672 0.1-0.38 0.1 – 0.38 0.1-0.38 0.3 waste water systems in Go Vap District Note: Referred from Feasibility Study of project subcomponents, 2012 (iv) Road construction for subcomponent 2.1 and 2.3 Road construction is one of scope of subcomponent 2.1 and 2.2 that it can contribute to dust emission. Similar to section (iii) above, the dust estimation is conducted using sing the volume of excavated soil and filled soil and emission factors calculated from Equation 5.2. Table 5.13 presents top up concentration of dust after considering the dust emission of the project activities. 125 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The top up concentration of dust generated from excavating and filling soil of the subcomponents are below QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. It means that the contribution of those activities is minor in top up concentration. The assessment has indicated that impacts to air quality from machinery and vehicles are expected to be localized, temporary occurring over 6 months of construction period. The magnitude of dust impacts is determined as Negligible based on guidance from IFC. Baseline air quality at the site of each subcomponent indicates that the sensitivity of the air quality at project site and surrounding area is high. Overall, significance of the impacts is estimated Negligible. Table 5.11 Dust generation of filling and excavating soil of subcomponent 2.1 and 2.2 Top up QCVN Macadam Sand Baseline Component 2 concentration 05:2013/BTNMT (tons) (tons) data (mg/l) of dust (mg/l) for dust Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: 3,519.2 6,860.56 0.1-0.14 0.1-0.14 0.3 Nuoc Len and Vam Thuat Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main Tham Luong 660,734 317, 340 0.1-0.23 0.1-0.23 0.3 – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. (v) Odors from dredging process of subcomponent 4 Dredged material is mainly sediments coming from wastewater and surface runoff accumulated at the bottom of the canal. Such sludge contains many complex organic compounds which are biologically degraded in anaerobic condition and release odorous compounds. Types of odorous compounds created by anaerobic decomposition include inorganic gases, mercaptans and other compounds such as organic acids, phenol, and p-cresol. During dredging process, odorous compounds can be released and cause nuisance odor problems in nearby community. This impact mainly occurs in transfer site, where dredged materials are gathered and prepared to water way transport for treatment. Dredging activities take place in a short time and cause the nuisance locally. As a result, the magnitude of odour impacts is Medium. Given the sensitivity of local residents is Medium, the overall significance of impacts is Moderate. b) Noise and vibration Noise During the construction period, noise will primarily be generated by operation of vehicles and equipment (i.e. engines and mobile equipment). The level of noise depends on the types and numbers of vehicles and equipment subcomponent are going to employ during construction phase. In order to assess the noise impact, the individual noise of each equipment and overall noise of all needs to determined. The assessment is examined at different distances, from 100m 126 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 to 1200m to fully cover the noise impacts on sensitive receptors. Out of four subcomponents, the noise impacts of subcomponent 2 and subcomponent 4 will be similar given they both use the same types and numbers of equipment. This is similar to each investment items within subcomponent 1 (Vam Thuat and Nuoc Len) and subcomponent 3 (the interceptor and primary and secondary combined storm water and sewer systems). Individual noise levels are constant at a defined distance that is estimated for all subcomponents (see Table 3.13. 3.14 and 3.15 in Annex 3). The result indicates that the noise levels, excepting noise level emitted from hammer, of other indicate that individual noise level at distances from 100m to further is below the Vietnam Standards (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT), but higher than IFC from 600m to further. The individual noise level of hammer only meets the Vietnamese Standard at 600m and IFC Standard at 3000m while cutter suction dredger (for subcomponent 2) is below the Vietnamese Standard at 200m and IFC Standard at 800m. In order to fully cover noise impacts, the worst-case scenario, where all equipment and machineries are working concurrently, is proposed. The results are presented in Table 3.13. 3.14 and 3.15 in Annex 3 and interpreted as follow: (i) Noise impacts from machineries operation of subcomponent 1 The combined noise levels only meets the Vietnamese Standard at 800m to further and IFC Standard at from 4000m to further. For all receptors living within the distance from 15 m to 2000m, the magnitude impact of combined noise level is assessed to be medium given combined daytime noise level greater than 60 dBA (ERM, 2014). The sensitivity of the receptors is Medium based on the baseline noise results against to IFC standards of noise level for daytime. Overall, significance of the impact is considered Moderate. (ii) Noise impacts from machineries operation of subcomponent 2 and 4 The combined noise levels only meets the Vietnamese Standard at 1200m to further and IFC Standard at from 7,500m to further. For all receptors living within the distance from 15 m to 4,500m, the magnitude impact of combined noise level is assessed to be medium given combined daytime noise level greater than 60 dBA (ERM, 2014). The sensitivity of the receptors is medium based on the baseline noise results (K1 to K11) against to IFC standards of noise level for daytime. Overall, significance of the impact is considered Major. (iii) Noise impacts from machineries operation of subcomponent 3 The combined noise levels only meets the Vietnamese Standard at 600m to further and IFC Standard at from 1000m to further. For all receptors living within the distance from 15 m to 2000m, the magnitude impact of combined noise level is assessed to be medium given combined daytime noise level greater than 60 dBA (ERM 2012). The sensitivity of the receptors is medium based on the baseline noise 127 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 results against to IFC standards of noise level for daytime. Overall, significance of the impact is considered Moderate. Vibration The assessments for damage assessment and annoyance assessment are undertaken for four subcomponents based on the Equation 5.5 and Equation 5.6 in which the results are presented in Table 3.16 (see Annex 3). Comparing the calculated with the Vibration Damage Potential Threshold Criteria (PPV) and the Vibration Annoyance Potential Criteria (VdB) (Table 5.6), it is found that the vibration levels of bulldozer, excavator, crane, concrete mixer and pile jack are not likely to cause harm to building structures and human annoyance. In contrast, building is affected within 5m from truck and drilling operation; human is perceptible with vibration within 10m from those operation. The most severe impact of vibration comes from the operation of piling work given it will cause structures damage and human annoyance within 23m radius. c) Wastewater Wastewater generated during this phase includes domestic wastewater, construction wastewater and storm water. (i) Domestic wastewater There will be domestic wastewater stream originating from the area of office, toilets and washing facilities from the construction workforce and visitors. With the peak number of construction workers about 25 residents, the domestic wastewater can be estimated around 1,125 m3 per day (45 liters per person per shift) for water consumption of one person). If this wastewater types is not well managed, the surface water will be potentially contaminated with high concentration of solids (suspended and dissolved), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (nitrogen, ammonia) and faecal coliform counts. The discharge of domestic effluent is within 2 -4 years, where impact extent is local and impact scale is estimated to be point-based sources from the project area. In addition, the domestic wastewater is significant in pollutant loading. The magnitude of this impact is expected to be Large. Sensitivity of receiving receptors includes TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River, and Cho Dem River is considered Medium. Overall, significance of the impacts is estimated Major. (ii) Construction wastewater Wastewater generated from construction works include foundation, piling concrete mixing, washing of workplace and tools. If this wastewater type cannot be controlled properly, it will effect to water quality of TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River and Cho Dem River by elevating the suspended solid and other contaminants (i.e. debris, oils, fuel, and grease) The magnitude of impacts is considered Medium. The sensitivity of receiving stream (TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River and Cho Dem River) is considered Medium. The significance of potential impacts to surface water quality is considered Moderate. (iii) Runoff water 128 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The facilities construction activities may result in loosened top soil at some areas, resulting in increased runoff to adjacent water bodies. Surface runoff from the exposed soil surface stockpiling, backfilling, etc. can be expected to contain elevated suspended sediments (SS) and may also contain debris (discarded construction material, vegetation) and other contaminants (e.g. oils, fuel, grease etc.). Increasing SS in the canal is enabling to change water characteristics where some organism in the canal can be negative influenced. The assessment has indicated that impacts to water quality as a result of stormwater runoff discharge are expected to be localized, periodic, short-duration occurring over 2 years of the construction period. The magnitude of the impacts is considered medium. Receiving receptors includes TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River, and Cho Dem River. Regarding to Decision No. 16/2014/QĐ-UBND of HCM, the water quality of those receptors will classified B level meaning that their water quality is not concern for water supply or any entertainment purposes. Therefore, the sensitivity of those sensitive receptors is considered Medium. Overall, the negative impact is ranked of Moderate significance. d) Solid waste Solid waste generated from activities of four sub-components comprise of domestic solid waste, construction waste and hazardous waste. (i) Domestic solid waste Solid domestic waste includes paper, cardboard, unused food, metal, wood, etc. A worker produces about 0.35 kg of waste per day . With the number of workers is estimated about 80 people for each item, the amount of solid waste should generate around 28 kg/day/work. This solid waste contains 60-70% organic ingredient and 30-40% other substances, and may contains many bacteria, pathogens. These solid wastes would be collected and processed in order to limit the negative impact on human health and the local environment. The number of workers in the construction phase is not too much, so the amount of solid waste generating from construction area is insignificant. However, inappropriate waste disposal can cause environmental impacts on hygiene, human health and aesthetic qualities as well as provide habitats for disease vectors. Quality of land, air and water can be adversely affected. (ii) Construction waste Construction-generated solid waste causing by drainage pipeline installation, dredging process., The soil excavated is 1,271,095 tons as estimated in Table 5.12. Assuming 50% of that will be reused for refilling, total soil volume transported to disposal site should be 635,547.5 tons. At the time of writing this report, the amount of dredged sludge of subcomponent 4 cannot be defined due to limited information of dredging plan. However, it is anticipated that the volume of dredged sludge should be significant. (iii) Hazardous waste After operating, the machinery and construction vehicles using on site must be maintained to avoid damage and ensure the stable operation. This process will generate an amount of waste oil 129 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 and cleaning rags, oil machinery, oil tanks, etc., but the volume of waste oil is expected to be the most. The amount of oil for once change is estimated about 16 liters/truck. The changing cycle is about 3-6 months, depending on the working time of machinery. The estimated amount of Waste oil for once change is 10 liters. The amount of waste generated during construction phase is significance, especially construction waste and dredged sludge. The solid waste is generated during 2 years to 4 years, considered a short-term duration; the extent of its impacts is localized. Therefore, the magnitude of the impact is Large. The sensitivity of the environmental and social receptors surrounding the subcomponents sites are estimated Medium. Consequently, the overall significance of impacts is Major. e) Soil and groundwater Soil and groundwater contamination during the construction phase may result from leaks and spills of oil, lubricants, or fuel from heavy equipment, improper handling of sanitary effluent and waste or chemical/fuel storage. Oil, lubricants and fuels are used by the vehicles and heavy equipment operating during the construction phase. Spills and leaks may occur during vehicle/equipment operation, fuelling, and maintenance. Temporary storage of fuels/oil/lubricants is also a potential source of spills/leaks. The construction of the project may involve the temporary use of various chemicals. Accidental releases of these chemicals may result in a sub-surface impact. The construction activities will generate various types of hazardous wastes (e.g. waste oils, oily rags and containers, chemical-stained containers, batteries, discarded fluorescent bulbs, etc). Construction workers working on-site will also generate domestic waste and wastewater. These waste streams, if not properly managed, will be released to the ground and have the potential to impact the subsurface environment. Contaminated or polluted soil can directly affect human health through direct contact with soil or via the infiltration of soil contamination into groundwater aquifers, sometimes in areas far from apparent sources of above ground contamination. Extent and scale of the impacts are dependent on the magnitude of the spills or leaks. It may transport further downstream if those incidents are significant. The permeability of soil at the project site is ranged from 3x10-6 to 8.8x10-4, indicating a medium vulnerability of contaminating the soil and groundwater. Sensitivity of soil and groundwater is considered High based on the surveyed results. Overall, the sensitivity of soil and groundwater is ranked High. The magnitude of such impacts is considered Low based on characterizes of works. Overall, the significance of the impacts is Moderate. f) Traffic management Total estimated trips of material and waste transportation is 557 trips per day, considered as considerable trips, potentially significantly increasing the number of vehicles on the local road 130 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 and inland waterway and affect the normal traffic flow. For inland waterway, the traffic can be disturbed from blockage of waterway to constructing the sluice gate and ship locks and dredging in the secondary canal. For road transportation, traveling to the roads directly connect to the project site, such as Nguyen Oanh, Nguyen Kiem, Truong Chinh, Cach Mang Thang 8, Cong Hoa, etc. will make the traffic congestion more visible. With waste transportation, the destination should be Da Phuoc Landfill that will potentially be assigned as disposal site of the project. In order to travel to Da Phuoc Landill, following routes should be considered: (i) Scenario 1: All excavated material transported by barge (the transfer site inside project area) follows the waterway transportation route option 1 (Nuoc Len Creek to Can Giuoc River to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow is characterized low. (ii) Scenario 2: All excavated material transported by barge (the transfer site inside project area) follows the waterway transportation route option 2 (Vam Thuat end to Sai Gon River to Tau Hu Ben Nghe Canal to Ong Lon Creek to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow is characterized low. (iii) Scenario 3: All excavated material transported by barge to the transfer site inside project area) follows the land transportation route option 3 (Nuoc Len Creek to Nguyen Van Linh street to Highway 50 to Da Phuoc Site) in which the traffic flow of inland waterway and land is respectively characterized low and high. For material transportation, the material providing sources can be at surrounding provinces, such as Long An, Tien Giang, Dong Nai, Vung Tau and Binh Duong. Those provinces are also connected to Ho Chi Minh City through inland waterway network; therefore, in addition to road transport option, the inland waterway should be a potential alternative. As mentioned above, the roads to project site are almost crowded and potentially congested if the project transport enters to in the rush hours. In summary, the traffic flow on roads is more crowded than that on inland waterway. Therefore, impact magnitude on traffic flow is assigned as Small for inland waterway and Large for road transportation during the rush hours. The sensitivity of the receptor is estimated Medium. Overall, the impact significances are ranked as Minor and Major for inland waterway traffic and land traffic. g) Social disturbance Contact between constructions workers and the local residents are expected to be significant. As a result of migrant influx, the non-local workforce will bring along with it its own behavioural traits, habits and lifestyle which may at times be alien to the local community. These behavioural traits may cause discomfort/ inconvenience to the community resulting in disagreement and at times conflicts. There are some potential impacts between local community and construction workers include risk of prostitution, increased tension between local between local men and the contractors in question, and increased alcohol and drug abuse. Further assessments are referred from Chapter 6. 131 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 h) Biodiversity The wealthy of the Canal biodiversity will be affected by many of different activities of the subcomponents including:  Reduced mixing between the water of Canal and Cho Dem river/Sai Gon River will enhance the settlement of suspended solid, where the sediment thickness will be increased, that alters the ambient environment of the benthic organism, particularly nearby the sluice gates. In addition, slightly saline water of Cho Dem River/Sai Gon River will potentially increase salinity of the Canal water, where the salt resistant organism can potentially be dominant, instead of the native organism.  Dredging sludge in the secondary canal will make the water more turbid that reduce sunlight to photosynthetic organism in water column and in bottom. However, this is often a temporary problem lasting only as long as the dredging activities: the weeks or months.  Domestic wastewater and solid waste generated from activities of subcomponents discharged to the Canal will greatly negatively change the water quality and then the wealthy of aquatic ecosystem. If those issues cannot be controlled properly, the magnitude of the impacts is expected to be Large. Ecology baseline survey indicates that value of aquatic biodiversity is low with low conservation interest. Overall, the significance of the impacts on biodiversity is considered Moderate. i) Risk on subsidence during construction of embankment, interceptor, sluice gate During construction of facilities for component 2, following activities can cause the risk on subsidence:  Embankment: Pilling is one of stage required for embankment process. As estimated in Section b) Noise and vibration, this machine can cause harm to building structures located within 23m radius. If the piling process is undertaken near the house, the cracks/collapse of the surrounding houses is visible.  Interceptor: Pile Jack is mainly designed to minimize the social impacts during installation of sewage pipes. However, it can cause risks of subsidence if the process is not controlled well.  Sluice gate and ship locks: given the units is located in the water, the risk of subsidence is potentially highly occurred, especially at two side of sluice gates and ship locks and the approach canal before and after sluice gate. The incidents of broke embankment will directly affect the life of people living near the embankment system, affect the quality of houses, buildings and structures that located on protection range of embankment system. If no mitigation measures to control the subsidence are proposed, the likelihood of those incidents is high. The sensitivity of surrounding residents is high. Consequently, the overall significance of impacts is Major. j) Disruption of navigation during rehabilitation of main canal and construction of tidal sluice gate 132 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Currently, the inland waterway traffic has been still progressed in the Canal, but will be potentially affected from rehabilitation of main canal and construction of tidal sluice gate. The water will be diverted so as to allow installation of stalling 02 tidal gates and 05 shiplocks. In addition, a certain wet area of the canal will be occupied to undertake the pilling works. The impacts extent is localized at construction site from 2 to 4 years. As a result, magnitude of the impact is assigned Medium. The sensitivity of the waterway traffic should be assigned Medium for precaution purpose. Overall, the impact significance of those impacts is Moderate. k) Impact on flooding Flooding is potentially occurred when the construction works of those components affects to existing drainage capacity (i.e. replacing the existing sewage pipes, temporarily blocking the drainage to install new pipes, unintentionally blocking the sewage pipes following completion, change the slope or elevation of roads affecting the flow direction of storm water). However, the likelihood of those is generally low. The impacts of flooding are localized in temporary duration (i.e. a few hours). The magnitude of this is considered Small. The sensitivity of the local residents is assigned High. Overall, the impact significance is ranked Moderate. 5.1.4.3.Impact on operation phase a) Impacts on hydrology regime and water quality of TLBCNL Canal As the tidal sluice gate and ship locks enter operation, it will change the hydrologic regime and water quality of TLBCNL Canal whose positive and negative impact are presented as follow. Positive impacts  Water levels in TLBCNL Canal and its distributary canals can be controlled with the appropriate operation of the tidal sluice gate.  Opening the tidal sluice gates at high tide will enhance a dilution of treated wastewater discharged from Tan Tao Industrial Park (IP), Tan Binh IP, Tham Luong Ben Cat Wastewater Treatment Plant and other small scale factories located in the catchment area of TLBCNL Canal. Negative impacts  As improperly being operated, the tidal sluice gate will reduce the dilution of Sai Gon River to the water of the TLBCNL Canal. In addition, improper operation can result the flooding for TLBCNL Canal distributary canals and drainage catchment, affecting to living condition of the local community. The operation phase is permanent that can affect to flooding equalization and water quality of the canal if the operation is not undertaken properly. Scale of the impact can be estimated to include the drainage basin and distributary canals of TLBCNL Canal. Magnitude of the impacts is expected to be Medium. Sensitivity of the receptors, including affected residents and water quality of the Canal, is Medium. Overall, the significance of the impacts is Moderate. b) Impacts on water quality 133 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 In the operation phase, the water quality of TLBCNL, Sai Gon River, and Cho Dem River will be improved; however, the water body can be re-polluted by the illegal wastewater discharging from both domestic and industrial wastewater, especially in dry weather. Even the TLBC Wastewater Treatment Plan are constructing to collect all wastewater generated from industrial and domestic activities, the water of the Canal is still re-contaminated occasionally if those contributors do not tightly legally committed to the government. In addition, the Canal water can be contaminated by residents discharging the solid waste and domestic wastewater to the Canal. Furthermore, the water quality can be affected from poor dilution with Sai Gon river due to inappropriate program of tidal sluice gates. If those cannot controlled closely, the magnitude of the impacts on water quality can be Large. Receiving receptors includes TLBCNL Canal, Sai Gon River, and Cho Dem River. Regarding to Decision No. 16/2014/QĐ-UBND of HCM, the water quality of those receptors will classified B level meaning that their water quality is not concern for water supply or any entertainment purposes. Therefore, the sensitivity of those sensitive receptors is considered Medium. Overall, the impacts on water quality is identified Major. c) Impact of solid waste In a case that community awareness in environmental protection is not improved, throwing municipal solid waste into the canal may be frequently happened in operation phase. This makes the canal more polluted. In order to assess the magnitude of this impact, impacts of solid waste to Nhieu Loc Thi Nghe Canal should be referred. Regarding to the Environmental Information (2015) (a member of Foundation of Natural and Environmental Protection), the solid waste generation has been from 5 tons to 14 tons daily, mainly by the local community, including households along the Canal, residents and public bars. Another aspect of impacts from solid waste to environment is sludge accumulated in the sewage system during operation phase and dredging sludge generated from maintenance program of the main and distributary canal and tidal sluice gate. If those waste cannot controlled closely, corresponding impacts on environment is expected to be significant. The magnitude of the impacts on environment (i.e. water quality, soil and groundwater, air, public health) from solid waste discharge is Large. The sensitivity of the terrestrial and aquatic environment and residents at the Canal is Medium. Overall, the sensitivity of the impacts is ranked Major. d) Impacts on biodiversity The wealthy of the Canal biodiversity will be dependent on its water quality. As mentioned above, the water can be polluted due to the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater and solid waste into the Canal. In addition, the inappropriate operation programs of tidal sluice gate also potentially increase the salinity and reduce the water quality of canal with poor dilution. If those cannot control properly, the wealthy of the Canal habitat can be threaten. Such potential issues indicate the large magnitude of the impacts on aquatic ecology. The value of ecology is 134 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 expected to be Low due to its low conservation interest. Overall, the significance of the impacts on biodiversity is considered to be Moderate. e) Impacts by odour Odor is generated from sludge and solid waste accumulated in the sewage pipes and from dredging works under maintenance program of the main, secondary canals and tidal sluice gates. Inadequate operation and maintenance of drainage system could cause odor in local area. However, the level of impact will not be significant and easily managed by the proper operation and maintenance of the Ho Chi Minh City Ineffective operation of sewerage and wastewater collection facilities, especially for interceptors and pumping, if can create excessive odor, flooding in the area, and potentially serious health impacts. Blocking of garbage, soil, and other solid wastes could exacerbate the situation. The impact extent of odor is localized, but may progress for a long time if no any measures to remove odor is proposed. The magnitude of those impacts is considered Medium. The sensitivity of the local residents is Medium. Overall, the impact significance is ranked Moderate. 5.1.4.4.Unplanned and accidental events This section presents the probable impacts of unplanned events associated with construction and operation of the project component 1 and component 2. The unplanned events are considered separately from routine and non-routine activities as they arise as a result of a technical failure, human error, or as a result of natural phenomena. The unplanned events considered include:  Occupation accidents  Oil spill Incident;  Vessel Collision;  Fire, Explosion, and Toxic Release;  Flood; and  Cyclone/storm  Traffic accidents  Failure of system operation The assessment of significant impact of unplanned events considers the probability of event occurring and estimates the severity of the consequences of the events. In assessment of severity of impact due to oil spill incident, fire, explosion, and toxic release, qualitative assessment was undertaken to predict the extent of the resulting impact. Following is an analysis of potential cause that can lead to those unplanned events. Occupation accidents High density of construction equipment in the construction site will lead to risks and hazards such as physical contact, spills, dust, emissions, and noise. Noise from these vehicles is also a hazard that the worker will have to bear. Slip and fall injuries are caused by 135 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 working at height, working over water as well as poor housekeeping such as excessive waste debris, loose construction materials, liquid spills, etc. During construction phase, lack of good management and training for Workers might be high potential risk of slips and fall accidents. On the other hand, large construction area and the long construction period are also a factor for the risk of slip and fall occurring. Struck by Objects is a hazard involved in construction and demolition activities. The hazards come from falling material or tools, ejection of solid particles, etc. and may cause injuries in the head, eyes, and extremities. Fatalities due to vehicle accidents are one of the main causes of fatality in the Construction Industry in general. The risks associated with transportation are exacerbated in congested areas like the Worksite. In particular, information suggests that the combination of poor drivers, poor vehicles and poor roads are significant contributory factors. The long construction period (48 months) and the hard work involved in operating the construction equipment will cause over-exertion and ergonomic injuries and illnesses to the workers on the construction site due to repetitive motion, falls, over-exertion, and constant manual handling, among others. Oil spill Incident The transportation of fuel oil by road may cause a risk of spillage and fire/explosion when fuel lorry gets an accident on the road. It may causes risks to people who are traveling on and live near the road. The risks are inhalation of toxic chemical, fire, explosion and contamination of the environment to community. Vessel Collision Project activities including importation of construction materials, disposal of dredged materials during construction and operation of project port require inland waterway transportation. There will be an increase in the number of vessels navigating in-out the port as a result of the project that will increase the risk of collision or maritime incident. Project activities including the construction of port structure and dredging may obstruct the navigation of ships including. These activities may increase the risk of vessel collisions. Fire, Explosion, and Toxic Release The operation of the project involves certain dangerous substances that have potential to cause serious danger to person or damage to properties due to the fire, explosion, and toxic release or known as ―Major Hazards‖. The occurrences that are classified as a major hazard incident include: (i) Fire (loss of containment which could lead to fire, jet fire, fireball etc.); (ii) Explosion (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE), Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE), dust explosion etc.); (iii) Implosion (for example, vacuum from steam condensation etc.); and (iv) Escape, spillage or leakage. Flood 136 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The underlying causes of flooding, heavy rain and high sea levels, are, essentially, uncontrollable. Flooding may post environmental and health impacts both construction and operation period. Flooding in the project area can be caused by heavy and extensive rainfall, coastal flooding for instance large wave, tide, and storm. During construction, flood can mobilize pollutants such as sediment, oil, chemical and other building materials onsite into surface water and causing harm to aquatic animals. For Operation, the water can cause structural damage to equipment and building. Flood may trigger the secondary impacts if water can reach to the water reactive chemicals and result in fire, explosion, and toxic cloud. Traffic congestion and accidents During construction phase, a part of road will be occupied to undertake the construction of the project components. Reducing the road space will highly increase potential traffic congestion and accidents if the traffic flow through this area cannot be equalized. Traffic congestion will increase number of vehicles at certain space where can be polluted by air emission and noise generated from traffic vehicles. Local residents who have endured this impact for a long time will potentially challenge with respiratory sickness. Cyclone/storm Tropical storm is natural phenomenon that could result in severe property damage and potentially injury to personnel. The employees working at the sites are at risk due to severe condition and may lead to injury or fatalities. Run-off from the plant may contaminate surface water and soil. For the sites, storms may damage equipment or structures. Strong winds allegedly blew or bring down the facilities of projects whose movement can injure the workers onsite and local residents Failure of system operation During operation, facilities of the projects can fail in their operation and lead to error function that leads to negative results, such as flooding from error operation of tidal sluice gate or clogged sewer pipes due to solid waste. Some operation failures are objective, such as discharging solid waste to the Canal by the local community that is a hardship to deal with. Following the analyzing the potential unplanned events, each project will be assessed impact magnitude and receptor sensitivity to identify the impacts significance of each unplanned events. The results of assessment are shown in Table 5.12. 137 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 5.12 Impact assessment for unplanned accidental events Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events The project utilizes the heavy The project is mainly machineries to undertake the Similar to related to equipment work. Most of workers hired for subcomponent2.1, installation that can this project are generally not fully but given the potentially expose to Similar to Project Similar to Project educated. Therefore, if they duration of the electric shock. The subsubcomponent2. subcomponent2.1. Magnitude cannot access the proper training project is more installation requires 1. The magnitude The magnitude of of the to understand the scope of works extended and the well trained of the impacts is the impacts is impacts and EHS policy and procedure, scope of works is employees. Therefore, considered as considered as Occupationa the occupational accident are more complicated, the likelihood is medium. medium. l accidents visibly happened. Therefore, the the magnitude of unlikely. The likelihood is seen likely. The the impacts is magnitude of impact is magnitude of the impacts is considered major. small considered as medium. Sensitivity of the Receptor Sensitivity of the workers onsite employees onsite is High High High Sensitivity is ranked high ranked high Impact Moderate Major Major Major Major significance Fire Given there are a Similar to component 1. In Similar to Project Similar to Project Similar to Project Magnitude explosion number of heavy addition, any chemical spill or subcomponent1, subcomponent 2.1, subcomponent 2.1, of the and toxic machineries utilized, leakage will be able to release the the magnitude of but given the the magnitude of impacts release chemical, such as fuel toxic to surrounding environment, the impacts is duration of the the impacts is 138 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events oil, cleaning agents, where worker onsite and local considered as project is more considered as are required. The use resident can expose by inhaling or medium. extended and the medium. of those chemical can digestion pathway and where scope of works is potentially cause fire ambient environment can be more complicated, and exploration. Given contaminated. Given the the magnitude of the likelihood of this likelihood of this incident is the impacts is incident is unlikely, unlikely, the magnitude is considered as the magnitude is classified medium. major. classified medium. Receptors are workers onsite, Sensitivity of the local residents, ambient Receptor employees onsite and environment (surface water, High High High Sensitivity local residents is groundwater, air, ecology). The ranked high sensitivity of these receptors is High. Impact Major Major Major Major Major significance During construction Similar to Project Similar to Project Similar to Project phase, oil spill can be subcomponent1, subcomponent 2.1, subcomponent 2.1, Magnitude Similar to Project component 1, happened anytime if the magnitude of but given the the magnitude of Oil spill of the the magnitude of the impacts is they are not stored the impacts is duration of the the impacts is impacts considered as medium. properly and can be considered as project is more considered as induced by the medium. extended and the medium. 139 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events external factors, such scope of works is as influence of more complicated, workers, storm, and the magnitude of flood. The extend of the impacts is this impact is on the considered as ambient environment major. (surface water, groundwater, aquatic and terrestrial ecology and soil), local residents and workers onsite. However, this incident likelihood is expected unlikely. Therefore, the magnitude of the impact is Small. Receptors are workers onsite, Sensitivity of the local residents, ambient Receptor employees onsite and environment (surface water, High High High Sensitivity local residents is groundwater, air, ecology). The ranked high sensitivity of these receptors is High. 140 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events Impact Moderate Major Major Major Major significance Given the project will occupy a portion of road to undertake the This project site is at river bank, construction works, located at Nuoc Len creek, where the movement of Traffic accidents can the residents are not populated. the traffic flow will be potentially occurred The roads have not been through be reduced, leading during transportation this site; therefore the impacts on Similar to Project Similar to Project to traffic of waste to disposal land traffic are not significant. subcomponent1, subcomponent3, Magnitude congestion, or even Traffic site and material to the Even for inland waterway traffic, the magnitude of the magnitude of of the traffic accident. It accident project site. The undertaking the construction the impacts is the impacts is impacts is visible that traffic likelihood of these works at this location will not considered as considered as impact is the most should be unlikely. raise many of traffic issues given Small. Large. concerned issue of Magnitude of the the inland waterway traffic flow this project when it impact is Low through this site has been also enters to limited. The magnitude of the construction phase. impacts is ranked Small. The likelihood of this impact is likely. Therefore, the magnitude of 141 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events this impact is Large. Sensitivity of the local Receptor residents and workers High. High High High Sensitivity are High. Impact Moderate Moderate Moderate Major Major significance In HCMC, the The project site is flooding is formed due located in the Go to failure of sewer Vap District where system operation and is considered less high tidal period. The exposure with construction site may flood. However, Similar to Project Similar to Project be challenged with when the rain is Magnitude Similar to Project component1, component1, the component1, the flood with high tide heavy, the potential Flooding of the the magnitude of the impacts is magnitude of the magnitude of the period, where they can flood may be impacts considered as low. impacts is impacts is expose to the difficulty visible, especially considered as low. considered as low. in the construction of at area where the tidal sluice gate and sewer system has ship lock. However, been not operated this challenge is much well. The belonged to technical livelihood of the solution. The impact is likely. 142 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events likelihood for this Consequently, the impact is unlikely. As magnitude is seen a result, the magnitude Medium. can be classified Low. The receptors are worker onsite, project facilities, ambient environment (surface Receptor water, soil and Medium Medium Medium Medium Sensitivity groundwater, terrestrial and aqautic widlife). Its sensitivity is medium. Impact Minor Minor Minor Minor Moderate significance Recently, HCMC has Recently, HCMC has some Similar to Project some weather spell weather spell including high rain Similar to Project subcomponent1. Similar to Project including high rain intensity, strong wind and subcomponent1, However, given the subcomponent3, Magnitude intensity, strong wind cyclone. The appearance the magnitude of location of the the magnitude of Storm of the and cyclone. The frequency of this is unpredictable the impacts is project is less the impacts is impacts appearance frequency at certain place, but visible to be considered as exposure with the considered as of this is unpredictable occurring. The project is located medium. storm, the medium. at certain place, but along river bank, where is magnitude of the 143 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events visible to be occurring. extremely feasible to be exposed impacts is The project is located by strong wind or cyclone. The considered as along river bank, likelihood of this impact is likely. medium. where is extremely As a result, this impact magnitude feasible to be exposed is considered Large. by strong wind or cyclone. The likelihood of this impact is likely. As a result, this impact magnitude is considered Large. The receptor is local community, worker The receptor is local community, Receptor onsite, project worker onsite, project facilities. Medium Medium Medium Sensitivity facilities. Its sensitivity Its sensitivity is medium. is medium. Impact Major Major Moderate Moderate Moderate significance During operation, the During operation, the Similar to Following the The operation of Magnitude Failure of inappropriate inappropriate operation of sluice subcomponent 2.1, completion of the sewer system can of the operation operation of gate can lead to failure of flooding the magnitude of Canal, it will attract be failed if those impacts equipment can lead to prevention, particularly in high the impact is more resident to system are clogged 144 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events failure of flooding tide period. This frequency Medium. visit due to its by solid waste and forecast. This becomes more practical in the upgrading facilities sediment likelihood is likely. As severe weather, including high service. However, discharged by the a result, the magnitude tide regime, heavy rain together experience residents. It will of the impact is with inappropriate operation of indicates that some reduce the drainage Medium. the sluice gate. This likelihood is of them will capacity of water likely. As a result, the magnitude discharge the solid that then leads to of the impact is Medium. waste into canal. In flooding. The addition, local likelihood of these community living impacts is likely. along the canal, The magnitude is especially in bar Large. shop, may discharge the wastewater into the canal. Another pollutant contributor is industrial park, factories and many of restaurant and business center located in 145 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Unplanned and Impacts Sub- Sub- Sub- Component 1 Sub-component 2.1 accidental Assessment subcomponent 2.2 subcomponent 2.3 subcomponent 2.4 events TLBCNL Catchment. The likelihood of these impacts is likely. The magnitude is Large. Water quality of TLBCNBLC Canal Local residents. Receptor Local residents. Their Local residents. Their sensitivity Medium and local resident. Their sensitivity is Sensitivity sensitivity is Medium. is Medium. Their sensitivity is medium. medium. Impact Moderate Moderate Moderate Major Major significance 146 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5.1.5. Requirement of level of assessment for FS proposed for Cay Kho va Phu Dinh The FS proposed for Cay Kho va Phu Dinh needs to imply TOR that is designed to include environmental and social requirement to meet the OP4.01 - WB‘s policy on Environmental Assessment. 5.2. Proposed mitigation measures There are several strategies (avoidance, minimization, rectification, and/or compensation) that have been applied to mitigate the potential negative impacts identified in above sections of this chapter. During the preparation of the project, effort has been made to avoid potential adverse impacts on resettlement and land acquisition by reducing scope and/or modification of the basic design of the project investment. In developing the mitigation measures the strategies to minimize and/or rectify the impacts have been applied and where appropriate compensation has been incorporated. The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement are described in the RP and RPF. This chapter identifies mitigation measures of the key project impacts during the construction (which include site clearance, ground leveling, and construction) and operation phases. Given that most of the key impacts will occur due to civil works and transportation of construction/waste materials, many of the potential negative impacts on physical, biological, and social environment could be mitigated through a set of general measures that are typically applied to most of construction projects to minimize impacts such as noise, dust, water, waste, etc. As part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project these general measures have been translated into a standard environmental specification to be incorporated into the bidding and contract documents. These are referred to as Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs) and it will be applied to mitigate typical impacts of the project‘s civil works. Section 5.8.1 briefly explains the scope and content of the ECOPs, which are presented in Chapter 7. However, for those project components there are site-specific impacts that require site-specific measures both during the construction and operation phases. Section 5.8.2 discusses site-specific measures during construction for the subcomponents that require mitigation measures beyond those identified in ECOPs. Section 5.8.3 describes site-specific measures to mitigate impacts of the key subcomponents during the operation phase. These measures are incorporated into the EMP of the project (Chapter 7). 5.2.1. Measure to Mitigate the Impact of Component 1 Based on the environmental impact assessment for component 1, the following table is provided to list out the mitigation measure. Table 5.13 Mitigation measure proposed for project component 1 147 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Enhancement Which will Likely Impact the Environmental Component) 1. Pre-construction Phase Formulate installation site selection criteria for additional stations; Installation location utilize existing stations currently being utilized; conduct baselining identification and planning activities for each station to mitigate impacts associated with new installations; select the best locations with the least impacts. Utilize public lands, and river easements as much as possible; thoroughly verify ownership documents with responsible Property/land acquisition government agencies if areas to be acquired for locations of ancillary facilities are privately-owned; compensate privately- owned lands in accordance with applicable Vietnamese Law. Planning and detailed Verify with the responsible agencies; comply with local zoning and engineering design building laws of the Vietnamese Government Identify, secure, and comply with all permitting requirements Permit acquisition associated with the project. Strict monitoring of Contractor(s) performance and compliance Procurement and selection of with established minimum performance standards and civil works Contractor(s) specifications by SRHMC, SCFC and/or DONRE‘ Provide a professional with experience in the implementation of environmental, occupational, health and safety requirements. Hire as many qualified locals within the immediate vicinity of the installation sites or those living within a reasonable commuting distance; otherwise provide temporary bunkhouses on-site or rent houses in neighboring areas if housing requirements cannot be accommodated in the project site. Civil works Contractor(s), Encourage patronage for local goods and services; priority of hiring Mobilization will be those that will be economically-displaced; hire as many qualified locals within the immediate vicinity of the installation site or those living within a reasonable commuting distance of the project site. Use only properly maintained and third party-inspected equipment; noise generating equipment to be provided with noise abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. 148 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Enhancement Which will Likely Impact the Environmental Component) 2.0 Construction Phase Formulate traffic management plan where applicable; minimize the presence of parked equipment that may disrupt traffic flow; properly implement the traffic management plan. 2.1 Site preparation and removal Minimize vegetation loss; modification following established of materials and debris in each design considerations; compliance with local zoning ordinances installation site Provide protection of stockpiles; minimize stockpiling; keep stockpiles away from adjacent waterways; immediately stabilize excavated areas to minimize soil loss during downpours 2.2 Relocation of affected Coordinate with service providers; ensure proper notification of utilities (where maybe affected areas through the tri-media; restore services as quickly as applicable) possible; schedule disruptions during non-peak hours. Regular watering services during dry periods; minimize/clean spillages on the ground; minimize exposure of stockpiles to wind by covering with appropriate materials. Construction activities shall follow the detailed engineering design plans Re-route vehicular traffic on less congested roads; no prolonged parking for construction vehicles in the road leading to the installation sites. Use only properly maintained and third party-inspected equipment; 2.3 Equipment foundation noise generating equipment to be provided with noise abatement excavations/preparation works attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. Provide primary medical services at construction site; arrange with the nearest hospital for emergency and tertiary medical services requirements; minimize by proper training/safety orientation; providing safety equipment observing traffic rules and regulations; providing appropriate warning signs, providing safety barriers to separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic from construction activities etc. Hire as many locals especially those that will be economically displaced by the project due to resettlement. 2.4 Structural; mechanical; Provide primary medical services at construction site; arrange with electrical; ICT; and water, the nearest hospital for emergency and tertiary medical services 149 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Enhancement Which will Likely Impact the Environmental Component) sanitation, telecommunications, requirements; minimize by proper training/safety orientation; and fire protection works (in providing safety equipment observing traffic rules and regulations; facilities housing ICT providing appropriate warning signs, providing safety barriers to installations) related to the separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic from construction activities equipment/instruments etc. installations and operations Re-route vehicular traffic on less congested roads; no prolonged parking for construction vehicle in the road. Use only properly maintained and third party-inspected equipment; noise generating equipment to be provided with noise abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. Provide protection of stockpiles; minimize stockpiling; keep stockpiles away from waterways; stabilize excavated areas immediately to minimize soil loss during downpours Hire as many locals especially those that will be economically displaced by the project. Provide primary medical services at construction site; arrange with the nearest hospital for emergency and tertiary medical services requirements; minimize by proper training/safety orientation; providing safety equipment observing traffic rules and regulations; providing appropriate warning signs, providing safety barriers to separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic from construction activities etc. 2.5 Finishing works related to Re-route vehicular traffic on less congested roads; no prolonged the equipment/instruments parking for construction vehicle in the road. installations and operations Use only properly maintained and third party-inspected equipment; noise generating equipment to be provided with noise abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. Hire as many locals especially those that will be economically displaced by the project. Formulate hiring eligibility requirements; advertise available 2.6 Testing and commissioning positions and requirements; select the most appropriate and highly of the equipment/instruments qualified staff meeting the hiring eligibility requirements. 150 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Enhancement Which will Likely Impact the Environmental Component) Formulate a Health, Safety and Environment Manual or Plan prescribing organizational and resource requirements, as well as compliance with Vietnamese Government Occupational Safety and Health Standards; hire qualified staff; comply with international standards in the absence of specific requirements; work areas where testing shall be done shall be properly barricaded and provided with warning signs to keep nearby residents from venturing into the work areas; follow manufacturer‘ manual of instructions. Cover debris during transport operations; re-route transport traffic on less congested roads; no prolonged parking for construction vehicle in the road. Use only properly maintained and third party-inspected equipment; noise generating equipment to be provided with noise abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with 2.7 Construction debris disposal high walled fence; workers working with noise generating and management equipment provided with ear muffs. (demobilization of Contractor) Coordinate with land owners or companies requiring reclamation/ fill materials; coordinate with PCs with regard to approved disposal sites within their territory; coordinate with national government agencies that have on-going reclamation activities Formulate traffic management plan; re-route transport operations in less congested roads; coordinate with PCs in regard to traffic management requirements Arrange with the nearest hospital for emergency and tertiary medical services requirements; minimize by proper training/safety orientation; providing safety equipment Prepare preventive maintenance schedule; identify and repair causes of malfunction 3.1 Installation operation and Provide backup generator; identify and repair cause of failure; maintenance prepare preventive maintenance schedule; report power loss to Service Provider. Identify and repair cause of failure; report telecommunications loss to Service Provider. Provide backup systems; identify and repair cause of failure; 151 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Enhancement Which will Likely Impact the Environmental Component) prepare preventive maintenance schedule; report failure to fire protection installation company. Provide backup water storage system; prepare preventive maintenance schedule; report water interruptions with the Service Provider Formulate a human resource management plan; provide training and educational scholarships with fixed tenure bonding as may be allowed under Vietnamese regulations (i.e. for every year of scholarship, the staff will stay for 3 years of service. Otherwise, staff will pay for the full cost of the scholarship expenses.); provide industry-competitive salaries and incentives. 3.2 Field data acquisition, data Formulate field data acquisition protocols; provide training to staff; processing and information provide quality control checks management 5.2.2. Measures to Mitigate General Impacts during Construction The ECOPs describe typical requirements to be undertaken by contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant during construction. The final ECOPs will be incorporated into the bidding and contract documents (BD/CD) during the detailed design stage. Scope and content of the ECOPs is as follows: Scope: Construction activities for small works governed by these ECOPs are those whose impacts are of limited extent, temporary and reversible, and readily managed with good construction practices. The measures identify typical mitigation measures for the following aspects: – Dust generation – Air pollution – Impacts from noise and vibration – Water pollution – Drainage and sedimentation control – Management of stockpiles, quarries, and borrow pits – Solid waste – Management of dredged materials – Disruption of ecological resources – Traffic management – Interruption of utility services – Restoration of affected areas 152 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 – Worker and public safety – Communication with local communities 5.2.3. Measures to Mitigate Site-specific Impacts during Construction 5.2.3.1. Site-specific Measures for Construction of Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks The subcomponents impacts are considered to be major, short term and localized and most of them can be mitigated through the typical mitigation measures identified in ECOPs. Key site-specific impacts include risks due to land clearance, including house, trees and other vegetation, undertaken indiscriminately, without reference to construction site boundaries, UXO, blocking the water flow of the Canal at construction site, contaminating surface water due to waste discharge (i.e. oil spill, run-off storm water, domestic wastewater, construction wastewater), inland waterway traffic incidents (i.e. congestion, accident) at construction site, noise and vibration from the extensive pile driving required for constructing the tidal sluice gate and ship lock, dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works To mitigate impacts of the project construction, following measures will be carried out by the PMU: – Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts; – Ensure that there is no land clearance outside defined construction site boundaries; – Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provides a construction plan that sets out how he will maintain the flow in the channel and protect the works from flooding during construction; – Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working at site to manage the waste generated from construction activities to prevent the contamination of water at area surrounding the construction site, to fully implement health and safety policy to prevent the any incidents affect to workers onsite and surrounding community; – Assigning the flagman to control the inland waterway traffic flow through the construction site; and – Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. 5.2.3.2. Site-specific Measures for Construction of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks The subcomponents impacts are considered to be major, short term and localized and most of them can be mitigated through the typical mitigation measures identified in ECOPs. Key site-specific impacts are identical to those for the Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate and locks referred to above. To 153 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 mitigate the impacts the following measures will be carried out by PMU: As for the Nuoc Len works above. 5.2.3.3. Site-specific Measures for Dredging and construction of canal bank revetment in the main canal of TLBCNL Canal The subcomponent impacts are considered to be major, long term and localized and most of them can be mitigated through the typical mitigation measures identified in ECOPs. For dredging sludge and upgrading the embankment of the Canal, key site-specific impacts include risks due to UXO; odor and other contamination resulting from the excavation, transport, and disposal of approximately 1,778,701.45 m3 of wet sludge with a high organic; noise and vibration from the extensive pile driving required by the design for the channel protection works. For constructing the roads along the Canal, key site-specific impacts include risks due to land clearance, including house, trees and other vegetation, undertaken indiscriminately, without reference to construction site boundaries construction, traffic causing danger within the construction site and also to residential and other areas outside the site; vibration from construction equipment damaging buildings in close proximity to the construction site; and dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works. To mitigate impacts of dredging sludge and upgrading the embankment of the Canal, following measures will be carried out by the PMU: – Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts; – Ensure that the detailed design for the canal rehabilitation works explicitly provides for all aspects of the sludge management process: excavation, transport in leak proof and covered trucks, and deposit into suitably prepared sites (landfills for material that testing shows is not contaminated beyond specified limits, and prepared sanitary landfills – for example the existing site at Da Phuoc Landfill – for material that is contaminated beyond specified limits); – In the case of dredged sludge transported to Da Phuoc Landill, the PMU needs to ensure a legal commitment between Da Phuoc Landfill, HCMC DONRE and PMU, whereby the Da Phuoc Landfill must ensure an availability of capacity for disposing the dredged sludge and construction waste. – Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of the channel in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues such as noise, air emission, wastewater and security; – Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provides a construction plan that sets out how he will maintain the flow in the channel and protect the works from flooding during construction; and 154 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 – Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. To mitigate impacts of road construction of the Canal, following measures will be carried out by the PMU: – Ensure that the contractor prepares and implements a site specific environmental management plans (as required by the contract) for each aspect of the works – site clearance, earthworks, temporary and permanent drainage, pavement works, and traffic and site safety. Specifically, and addition to the general requirements set out in the ECOPs: o Ensure that there is no land clearance outside defined construction site boundaries; o Ensure that, from the commencement of construction, site drainage is a priority activity, to include channels, silt traps, flow abatement structures, etc.; o Ensure that borrow areas are developed, operated, closed, and restored in the same manner as earthworks sites for the project works, and that are subject to the same EMP and other contractual requirements; o Ensure that temporary culverts are installed in any natural waterways that are to be crossed by construction traffic; o Ensure that equipment repair facilities, material stockpiles for example – are set up away from streams, residential areas, and other sensitive sites; o Ensure that all drivers, equipment operators, etc., are qualified for their respective tasks and are trained in, and required to adhere to, the site‘s traffic management plan; and o Ensure that all equipment are operated in appropriate manners; whereby they can reduce the impacts to surrounding environment and local people 5.2.3.4. Site-specific Measures for Construction of main interceptor in Go Vap district The subcomponent impacts are considered to be major, short-term and localized and most of them can be mitigated through the typical mitigation measures identified in ECOPs. Key site-specific impacts are identical to those for the Canal upgrading works referred to above, including UXO, noise and vibration from the extensive pile driving required by the operation of tunnel boring machine, dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works. However, there will be impacts for traffic disruption and site safety issues where the interceptors need to be taken across roads in deep trenches. To mitigate the impacts the following measures will be carried out by PMU: – Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts; – Ensure an appropriate traffic management plan that will be committed to implement by the PMU and their subcontractors to minimize the traffic congestion at and surrounding project site; 155 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 – Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of sewage pipes in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues and social issues. – Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provide a construction plan that sets out how the contactor will organize and maintain the EHS policy, schedule, workforces and facilities to complete the work within the requirement of EMP for this project proposed in Chapter 7; and – Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. 5.2.3.5. Site-specific Measures for Construction and improvement of primary and secondary combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district The subcomponent impacts are considered to be major, short-term and localized and most of them can be mitigated through the typical mitigation measures identified in ECOPs. Key site-specific impacts include risk due to UXO; odor and spillage resulting from the excavation, transport and disposal of wet, contaminated sludge accumulated in the existing sewer system, traffic disruption and site safety issues where the interceptors need to be taken across roads in deep trenches. To mitigate the impacts the following measures will be carried out by the PMU: – Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts; – Ensure that the contract requires the contractor to prepare a detailed work methodology, prior to commencing work, for excavation, transport, and disposal of sludge accumulated in existing sewer system; – Ensure an appropriate traffic management plan that will be committed to implement by the PMU and their subcontractors to minimize the traffic congestion at and surrounding project site; – Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of sewage pipes in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues and social issues. – Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provide a construction plan that sets out how the contactor will organize and maintain the EHS policy, schedule, workforces and facilities to complete the work within the requirement of EMP for this project proposed in Chapter 7; and 5.2.3.6. Site-specific Measures for Improvement of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, 156 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng) Similar to the Canal upgrading works, the subcomponent impacts are considered to be major, short-term and localized and most of them can be mitigated through the typical mitigation measures identified in ECOPs. Key site-specific impacts include risk due to UXO; odor and other contamination resulting from the excavation, transport, and disposal of wet sludge with a high organic To mitigate these impacts the following measures will be carried out by the PMU: – Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts; – Ensure that the detailed design for the canal rehabilitation works explicitly provides for all aspects of the sludge management process: excavation, transport in leak proof and covered trucks, and deposit into suitably prepared sites (landfills for material that testing shows is not contaminated beyond specified limits, and prepared sanitary landfills – for example the existing site at Da Phuoc Landfill – for material that is contaminated beyond specified limits); – In the case of dredged sludge transported to Da Phuoc Landill, the PMU needs to ensure a legal commitment between Da Phuoc Landfill, HCMC DONRE and PMU, whereby the Da Phuoc Landfill must ensure an availability of capacity for disposing the dredged sludge and construction waste. – Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of the channel in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues such as noise, air emission, wastewater and security; – Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provides a construction plan that sets out how he will maintain the flow in the channel and protect the works from flooding during construction; and – Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. 5.2.4. Measures to Mitigate Impacts during the Operation Phase 5.2.4.1. Site-specific measures for operation of Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks Inappropriate operation program of tidal sluice gate and ship locks can affect the tidal regime of TLBCN Canal and its dilution capacity that leads to low performance of the water quality improvement and flooding abatement of whole canal. It is proposed a scientific development of the operation program of tidal sluice gate and ship locks in the regard of tidal regime related to water quarter dilution and flooding abatement, where technical professional expert must be included. 157 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5.2.4.2. Site-specific measures for operation of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks Measures for the Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and locks are similar to that for the Nuoc Len; therefore, they are referred to above. 5.2.4.3. Site-specific measures for operation of canal bank revetment in the main canal of TLBCNL canal Following the completion of the canal bank revetment and associated facilities (i.e. park, light, upgraded pavement), more residents will visit this place, contributing the high potential of waste generation, such as solid waste and wastewater, which affects the water quality of the Canal. In addition, the water quality can be re-contaminated by the illegal discharge effluent from discharge contributors (Industrial parks, factories, local community). Furthermore, after the canal habitat is rehabilitated, fish community may grow up and attract hunting activities of local fisher. If this activity cannot be balanced, it may affect the aquatic ecosystem the Canal. On top of this, after road construction is completed, there will be operations of various vehicles on the new road. Key short term impacts would include an increase in traffic and pedestrian accidents, due to higher standard road allowing more and faster traffic; premature failure of pavements, embankment or cut slopes, and drainage structures due to inadequate maintenance. To mitigate these impacts the following measures will be carried out by PMU: – Organizing a campaign of increasing awareness of local community toward environmental protection for TLBCNL Canal, where authorities, NGOs and community living along the Canal should be involved. – Other measures include: (i) applying financial penalties for who intentionally discharges waste into the Canal or hunts fish, (ii) regularly collecting solid waste and sediment in the Canal by an assigned sanitary team, (iii) more frequent monitoring of water quality of discharge contributors, especially at industrial park and factories. Moreover, in order to control the traffic flow on the new roads, following measures will be implemented by the city road maintenance agency: – Ensure that traffic safety provisions, including signs, lights, and pavement markings, that were installed during construction are permanently and effectively maintained, and renewed as necessary; – Ensure the city‘s operations and maintenance plan, and related budget, includes the work and resources required to maintain the road in its as-completed condition; – Ensure, with the assistance of the traffic control authority, that overloaded vehicles do not use the road. 158 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5.2.4.4. Site-specific measures for operation of main interceptor in Go Vap District Ineffective operation of sewerage and wastewater collection facilities, especially for interceptors and pumping, if can create excessive odor, flooding in the area, and potentially serious health impacts. Blocking of garbage, soil, and other solid wastes could exacerbate the situation. In order to resolve these issues, the maintenance program should be proposed, financed and ensured to be implemented by the City‘s/Drainage Company. In addition, the issues of solid waste discharge from local community should be integrated in the increasing awareness campaign proposed in Section 5.8.4.3. 5.2.4.5. Site-specific measures for operation of primary and secondary combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap District Measures for this project component are similar to those for main interceptor in Go Vap District; therefore, they are referred to above. 5.2.4.6. Site-specific measures for operation of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng) Given the issues generated from this project component during operation phase is identical with the project of upgrading the TLBCNL Canal, mitigation measures proposed will also be identical with those of project component 3. 5.3. Cumulative Impact Assessment 5.3.1. General approach International Finance Corporation proposed a Good Practice Handbook to assess cumulative impact of a project. Good practice requires that sponsors assess if project may contribute to cumulative impact on VEC‘s (valued environment components). When there is a lack of baseline data the handbook propose to develop a Rapid Cumulative Impact Assessment Approach. The Good Practice Handbook, also proposing a logical framework with six interactive steps. Figure 1 below illustrates this approach. The sequence of activities is: 1) Determine project boundaries 2) Identify Valued Environmental Components (VEC) 3) Determine present conditions of VEC 4) Assess the contribution of project 5) Predict the cumulative impact of project 6) Design mitigation measures. Indicators for five VECs were identified and required a model depicting the change in watershed conditions. We used a map describing the zone of influence (ref to sampling section). A variety of data was used from previous studies. Project development scenarios for 159 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 20 years into the future are using a combination of trend analysis. The model selected is evaluated with the Chemiotox Index tool Once the cumulative impacts are determined, their significance must be considered relative to an established threshold limit, an established legal guideline or policy, or a qualitative assessment based on professional opinion and consultation. In any case, the significance of the cumulative impacts must be defensible. The significance of the cumulative impacts and the contribution of the project must be subsequently evaluated by project decision makers. The consultant needs to define the level of ―significance‖ or scale and apply it consistently. The significance should be assessed across past, present and future projects on the trends of each VEC. The significance of the project interventions‘ contribution to the cumulative impacts should be defined in one of the following ways:  The project has a measurable effect on the resource;  The project acts in conjunction with the effects of past present or future projects and activities; and  The project in conjunction with other projects and activities shifts the resource to an unacceptable level or exceeds a threshold such that the impact is considered significant, in that: – The project‘s contribution to cumulative effects is responsible for exceeding or not the threshold and therefore is significant or, – The project is contributing with the effects of other projects and activities and the project contribution may or may not be significant, depending on the level of the contribution. The Chemiotox Index model is a mathematical tool for evaluating the overall picture of the toxic substances discharged into the environment. This evaluation is based on the chemical characterization results of toxic substances (mg/L), following the weighting (FTOX) of the relative toxic potential of each substance present in the waste discharged. For practical purposes, partial indicators (Chemiotox unit, CU) are calculated on the basis of individual results of each toxic substance in order to integrate these and obtain an overall indicator (Chemiotox Index, CI = Σ CU). These indicators allow the comparison and integration of important quantities of characterization data. The toxicity weighting methodology is quite simple and, serves uniquely environmental management purposes. Water quality criteria represent an exhaustive census of toxicological information on pollutants (persistence, bio-accumulation and part of the food chain). This census aims to define the acceptable concentration limit (mg/L) for the protection of human life and aquatic ecosystems. The more toxic the substance, the smaller the criterion. In the CHEMIOTOX model, two water quality criteria were retained, that is the chronic toxicity 160 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 criteria (CTC, mg/L) and those pertaining to the contamination of aquatic organisms (CAOC, mg/L). With these two types of criteria, the toxic effects of chronic exposure to a substance and its bio-concentration capacity in the food chain are both taken into account. The toxic weighting factor, FTOX-I related to each substance I, could be arbitrary by defined as proportional to the inverse of the most stringent water quality criterion for each substance (MSCI): Or: Then, for purposes of managerial communications, the FTOX-I could be arbitrarily defined as the ratio of MSCREFERENCE of a reference substance to the MSCI of the concerned priority pollutant I. This is a dimensionless number that represents the toxic potential of a pollutant I in comparison to the toxicity of a reference contaminant. Generally it is recommended to select as reference a well-known contaminant. It has to be assigned to a given pollutant to evaluate its relative importance in the global discharge of a list of priority (selected) pollutants. The reference substance could be the well-known parameter FeTOT whose most stringent criteria is equal to 0,3 mg/L (CAOC). In this case, the FTOX-I of a substance i becomes as follows: Let remind that it is necessary to select a well-known reference contaminant for environment management and large communication purposes. Illustrate the usefulness of the tool with the data and results gathered for the channel THAMLUONG – BENCAT –NUOCLEN in order to summarize the state of the situation in some simple figures that should be understood for most of project stakeholders. 5.3.2. Determine project boundaries It is noted that environmental impact assessment for the project is conducted based on the guidelines of OP4.01. PMU and exp agreed on a Sampling Program which was conducted from June 2015 to September 2015. For deserving the design works, it is necessary to determine boundaries of zone of influence. As proposed in feasibility study, it is recommended by the Consultant to divide the zone of influence into 9 large drainage basins. 161 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Some data were collected from previous monitoring data, available from the PMU, SCFC and DONRE (Department of Natural Resources and the Environment). However, in order to obtain sufficient baseline data for ESIA, exp carried out the required additional sampling and testing work for surface water, groundwater, sediment/sludge, soil, air quality, plankton & phytoplankton. Details on the Plan for measurement, sampling, collecting information, including information on: environmental monitoring, the number of sampling locations, monitoring parameters, sampling frequency and quality standards applied for result analysis are summarized in Annex. Meanwhile, existing data were analysed and compilation was done and calculation were done with Chemiotox index analysis. The sampling point were completed at the stations identified with PMU. The next map show these sample point stations. Existing data referring to these sampling points were extracted to calculate the existing Chemiotox Index and to evaluate a cumulative impact of contamination before 2012 and in 2015. 5.3.3. Identify Valued Environmental Components (VEC) The environmental components that will be considered and assessed are: air, climate and noise; soil and groundwater; water and aquatic resources (fauna and flora), sediment and settled sludge. For modeling and impact evaluation, impact on five VEC‘s will be measured. Information is collected to ensure a prediction of environmental quality of the following: - Surface Water Quality – in the main TL-BC-NL canal and the secondary canals; Plankton & Phytoplankton in surface water - Sediment and Sludge characterization including waste classification for hazardous waste; - Groundwater Quality; - Soil quality; - Ambient air quality 5.3.4. Summarizing the past conditions of the VEC (before 2012) In the preliminary step, it is necessary to produce the synthesis of previous results and data gathered during the feasibility studies (Components 1, 2, 4A, 4B, 6A and 6B) and from various environment monitoring reports in order to avoid the replication of future project monitoring activities. Summary of results (before 2012) on surface water For defining the quality of surface water the MoNRE has established the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. While it is not a complete and sufficient tool for managing and controlling the quality of rivers and other water bodies that must deserve simultaneous multiple purposes (supply water, supply water in case of available treatment plant, irrigation and fluvial navigation), one should rely at least on its quality criteria and add adequate other ones depending on each situation (spatial and temporal). 162 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The details of calculations are presented in Appendices for interested lectors. The available results, one can preliminary estimate that the Environment Monitoring report (July 2011) reveals a greater level of cumulative environ impact (due to various discharge) within the central area, approximately close to CAUBUNG area. The situation should be worse approximately at the junction of the sewer CAUBUNG and the main channel. At this location the daily hydraulic tidal effects would be low and could not contribute to the purge-mix of surface water toward directly the Saigon River (at VAMTHUAT) and indirectly the CHODEM channel. Summary of results (before 2012) on sediment/sludge The QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT has been published in 2012. It can be serves as a technical explanation why monitoring campaigns aiming sediments & settled sludge had not focused enough on complete lists of heavy metals and other such organic toxic pollutants as pesticides. Hover on the basis of incomplete useful results the CHEMIOTOX INDEX methodology has produced a meaningful overview of the state on contamination and buildup of pollutants in the bottom volume on sediments along the main channel TL-BC-NL. The CHEMIOTOX calculations have been based on a mix of data from QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT and QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT, its equivalent for soils. Most of the monitoring activities before 2012 have been based on contaminants listed in the latter that includes the heavy metals Cu and Zn. The more recent QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT does not include these metals and Fe. Summary of results (before 2012) on groundwater Previous results (before 2012) are the less significant because water samples were not taken for piezometers (observation wells) implemented accordingly to a scientific method based at least on the knowledge of underground soil and aquifer layers. The water samples seem be randomly taken at available inhabitant wells. The inhabitants would find themselves the best locations for implementing useful wells offering suitable service water (domestic purposes) and avoid the contaminated locations. So we should give less attention to the previous results. Summary of results (before 2012) on ambient air quality The QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT and QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT together deserve the assessment of ambient air quality according the CHEMIOTOX INDEX methodology. The reference contaminant will be the well-known CO whose MAC is 30 000 μg/m3 or 30 mg/m3. Most of parameters listed in the QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT should be related to air contaminants due to local traffic or industrial combustion while the gaseous contaminants NH3 and H2S should be due to emanations from anaerobic biodegradation within the liquid body of the main channel or due to savage solid waste dumping along the banks of the main channel. 163 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 5.14 The FTOX for ambient air quality QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Toxicity Factors Ftox (1h) Ftox (8h) Ftox (24h) Ftox (year) No. Parameter Unit Avg-1h Avg-8h Avg-24h Avg-year SO2 μg/m3 350 125 50 85,7 3 CO μg/m 30 000 10 000 5 000 1,0 NOx μg/m3 200 100 40 150,0 O3 μg/m3 180 120 80 166,7 TSP μg/m3 300 200 140 100,0 PM10 μg/m3 150 50 Pb μg/m3 1,5 0,5 QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT NH3 μg/m3 200 150,0 H2 S μg/m3 42 714,3 The measured fluctuations along the main channel depend strongly of the contributor sources but also meteorological conditions (wind, rains, etc.). While the QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT establish a maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 30 000 μg/m3 for the well-known contaminant CO (carbon monoxide), the ―bad‖ quality of ambient air can be assessed by a general approximate level of 80 – 130 000 μg/m3 of CHEMIOTOX Units (or μg/m3 CO- equivalent toxicity). Fluctuations of SURFACE WATER characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Chemiotox Index 3,2 2,9 4,7 8,9 8,9 30,5 69,6 162 15,4 25,6 5,9 5,8 4,6 6,5 74,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 7,6 3,5 180 Fluctuations of surface water characteristics (mg/L Fe-based chemiotox units) Surface water 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 5.1 Overall portrait of surface water characteristics along the main channel TL-BC- NL. 164 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Fluctuations of SEDIMENT characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 136,2 128,1 124,6 147,8 153,6 202,6 186,6 183,1 241,8 139,9 119,2 98,2 98,3 Chemiotox Index Sediment/Sludge characteristics (mg/kg Pb-based chemiotox index) 300,0 Sediment/Sludge 250,0 200,0 150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 5.2. Overall portrait of the contamination of sediment and settled sludge. Fluctuations of GROUNDWATER characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 1,392 1,219 1,419 0,960 0,504 0,896 0,517 0,389 1,500 0,400 0,357 0,456 1,645 Chemiotox Index Groundwater characteristics (mg/L Fe-based chemiotox index) 5,000 Groundwater 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 0,500 0,000 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 5.3. Overall portrait of the groundwater characteristics at private domestic wells. 165 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Fluctuations of AMBIENT AIR characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 130 063 104 086 110 356 113 393 136 183 101 857 136 154 119 497 112 046 101 673 83 183 88 107 83 183 97 627 92 725 96 249 90 417 75 605 Chemiotox Index 160 000 Ambient Air characteristics (μg/m3 CO-based chemiotox units) Ambient Air 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 5. 4 Overall portrait of the groundwater characteristics at domestic wells. 5.3.5. Monitoring of present environmental conditions of VEC (in 2015) The present environmental conditions of VEC (the state of the existing environment) have been consolidated by field monitoring campaigns completed in September 2015. This section present results screening of that campaign. Raw results will be gathered in the Appendices. The maximum allowable concentrations listed on the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (surface water) under the column B2 (fluvial navigation purposes) have been considered for the calculations of the toxicity factors FTOX related to each contaminant. The surface water has been characterized during the both conditions of low and high tide in order to understand the potential influence of hydraulic tidal effects. Traces of heavy metals have been largely analyzed (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Hg). As usual, the MAC for the main contaminant Fe (2 mg/L) has been considered as reference for the calculation of FTOX. For instance, in the case of the contaminant Hg, the calculation is as follows: FTOX-Hg = MAC of Fe / MAC of Hg = 2 mg/L / 0,002 mg/L = 1 000 Surface Water monitoring along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of most of all the considered contaminants, the CHEMIOTOX model uses the MAC for the parameter FeTOTAL: 2 mg/L (column B2: case of fluvial transportation). According to the calculations: o At low tide, there is a build-up of the presence of contaminants if during this period, discharges of the latter continue on a regular or permanent basis (e.g. continuous discharge (24/7) of the final effluent of the wastewater treatment plant of BinhHungHoa, 166 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 150 000 m3/d, continuous free discharge of raw wastewater through combined domestic sewers, etc.) o Build-up of contaminants seems more higher at monitoring locations where hydraulic tidal effects would be less important (from OngBau Canal/SW3 to ThamLuong Bridge/SW8) o From a managerial point of view, the cumulative effects on aquatic fauna (plankton) and flora (phytoplankton) would be far greater than the ones due to the sole MAC of 2 mg/L of Fe toxicity equivalent. The sediment/sludge along the TL-BC-NL canal Sediments have been largely monitored along the main channel. During the present mandate, EXP has focused on the potential effects of high and low tide, at some monitoring locations near the junction with Saigon River. The reference for Chemiotox calculations has been the QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT and the pollutant of reference is Pb. Its MAC is 91,3 mg/kg DW. A summary of results has been gathered on the Table 5.9.2. We can notice a build-up of concentrations at the locations where hydraulic tidal effects are the less important: central areas and in the deep layer of sediment. The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of most of all the considered contaminants, the Chemiotox model uses the MAC for the parameter PbTOTAL: 91,3 mg/kg DW. According to the calculations: o Along the main channel ThamLuong-BenCat-NuocLen, the results gathered during the previous project steps demonstrate a cumulative impact at the locations where hydraulic tidal effects would be less important. 167 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 o For a fixed area, three would be a progressive build-up of pollutants contents (heavy metals) at deep layers of sediment / sludge. o The recent results indicate an absence of PAHs and pesticides in the sediments. There would be present under dissolved forms (in surface water). The groundwater along the TL-BC-NL canal The analytical results are compared to the MAC of QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT and the MAC of the parameter FeTOTAL: 5 mg/L has been taken in consideration for applying the Chemiotox Index methodology. The results are summarized on the Table 5.9.3. While most of the groundwaters are moderately contaminated, the first monitoring location (near the Saigon River, at Chin Xieng canal junction area) indicates a case of strong contamination by NH4-N and Fe. The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of most of all the considered contaminants, the Chemiotox model uses the MAC for the parameter FeTOTAL: 5 mg/L. According to the calculations: There should be 2 monitoring locations where contamination of groundwater is very high (Chinh Xieng canal area, TrungDai to ChoCau area). The main pollutant would be NH4-N and Fe. The pH would be often low (acid, less than 5,5) 168 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The soil along the TL-BC-NL canal The soil along the main channel area is moderately contaminated by heavy metals. The reference is the QCVN: 03:2008/BTNMT and the MAC of Pb contaminant has been taken in consideration: 200 mg/kg DW. At several locations, the cumulative impact due the aimed heavy metals has demonstrated a value of Chemiotox Units greater than the MAC. The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of the considered heavy metals, the Chemiotox model uses the MAC for the parameter PbTOTAL: 200 mg/kg DW (commercial uses of land). According to the calculations: At almost 50% of monitoring locations the contents in aimed heavy metals are greater than 200 mg/kg DW Pb toxicity equivalent. The use of sediment/sludge as cover soil without preliminary treatment would increase the contents in heavy metals The characteristics of ambient air along the TL-BC-NL canal 169 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Characteristics of ambient air can be altered by both local traffic (TSP, CO & CO2, SO2, NO2, etc.) and emission for aquatic environment (mainly NH3, H2S and VOCs). Both QCVN related to the two series of contaminants are considered: QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (average 1 hour) and QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (average 1 hour). The well-known CO contaminant (MAC = 30 mg/m3) is taken in consideration for the calculations of Chemiotox Units. Monitoring activities have focused on air contaminants aimed by QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT and QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. Detailed results shown low levels of air contaminants (NH3, H2S and VOCs) due to the anaerobic biodegradation within the main water receiving body. Local traffic seems be the main cause of monitored results: TSP, NO2, SO2, CO & Pb. For measuring the cumulative impact, the MAC of CO has been considered. At the majority of monitoring locations, the MAC of 30 mg/m3 CO (Avg-1h) is largely overpassed. Plankton and Phytoplankton Biological inventories of plankton and phytoplankton have been organized in order to support the state of aquatic environment along the main channel. Preliminary conclusions would be: in way of eutrophication. The direct Plankton counting (biological inventory) in surface water indicates a living water receiving body including microbiological pathogen species from protozoa to larva. Biodegradable organic matters should be abundant to allow such living conditions. The over-polluted ChoDem canal should contribute to an increase on plankton population at high tide while the less polluted Saigon River contribute to the dilution of identified microorganism species. 170 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5.3.6. Cumulative impact in 2015 In order to avoid duplicate, the field monitoring activities have focused in areas where previous studies had not sufficient results. Again lab results confirm a build-up of pollutant concentrations in the central areas where we should observe a low level of hydraulic tidal effects. We can observe that the pollutant contents gradually increase in the deeper layer of sediments. Comparison of 2015‟s monitoring results and data from the period before 2012 2015 Monitoring locations for surface water SW1 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) SW2 Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602849;1197393) SW3 Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602742;1197488) SW4 Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602361;1198764) SW5 Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0601002;1199835) SW6 Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) SW7 Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) SW8 Location at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) SW9 Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10 Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) Monitoring < 2012 Monitoring locations SW10 SW9 SW8 SW7 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 Chemiotox Units (mg/L Fe tox eq.) 3,2 4,7 15,4 25,6 4,6 74,4 5,4 5,4 7,6 3,5 2015 Monitoring Monitoring locations SW10 SW9 SW8 SW7 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 Chemiotox Units (mg/L Fe tox eq.) 19,67 21,10 41,09 42,04 54,62 65,87 23,69 61,74 21,08 18,27 171 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 80 SURFACE WATER CHEMIOTOX Units (mg/L Fe tox.eq.) Data of 2015 Data of 2015 monitoring & 70 Data < 2012 previous results (before 2012) 60 50 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: 40 2 mg/L Fe 30 20 10 0 SW10 SW9 SW8 SW7 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 In order to improve the comparison of previous results (before 2012) and recent data (2015) gathered during the monitoring activities a limitative list of monitoring locations has been selected. They are called SW1 to SW10 (from 200-m close to SAIGON River to 200-m close to CHODEM Channel). Except for the monitoring location SW5 (at the junction of BaMien Canal and the main channel) there is an general increase of CHEMIOTOX UNITS (mg/L Fe tox. Eq.). Globally for qualitative assessment, there is an evidence of attended decline of surface water characteristics. Increase of eco-toxic contents in Sediments / Settled sludge Monitoring locations in 2015 for sediments characterization < 2012 2015 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat Sed1 119,2 154,8 canal (0603441;1197897). Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Sed2 98,3 160,5 Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Sed3 - 125,0 Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Sed4 - 114,3 Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) 172 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 300,0 Data < 2012 Sediments characteristics CHEMIOTOX Units (mg/kg DW Pb tox. eq.) Data 2015 250,0 Data < 2012 & Data of 2015 Recommended by QCVN 200,0 43:2012 /BTNMT : 91,3 mg/kg DW Pb 150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 5.5 Increase in Chemiotox Units in the sediments/settled sludge. Fluctuations of SEDIMENT characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 136,2 128,1 124,6 147,8 153,6 202,6 186,6 183,1 241,8 139,9 119,2 98,2 98,3 Chemiotox Index The sediments/settled sludge in the main channel come from a cumulative effect of the sedimentation of total suspended solids (TSS). In the present case, it should be due to the pollutant solids discharged from urban areas (including stand-alone industries), effluents of industrial parks and surely various run-off rainwater materials. The recent (2015) lab chemical characterization of sediments within two different layers has shown a progressive build-up of CHEMIOTOX UNITS (mg/kg DW Pb tox. Eq.) in the deeper layer. The comparison between previous (before 2012) and recent results at the same monitoring locations (relatively deeper bottoms) has indicated a general progressive build-up of pollutant contents. At lower deeps in the central areas, it should be more cumulative effects and build-up of CHEMIOTOX UNITS despite an absence of recent planned monitoring activities. The sedimentation phenomena are more important in the lower-depth sections of the main channel. 5.3.7. Predict the cumulative impact of project development in 2035 173 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The whole investment project comprises 2 components:  Component 1: Integrated management of urban flood risk. Within this component one can expect an improvement of the capacity of environmental management by the implementation of environmental monitoring locations that will allow direct and rapid flows of information on the fluctuating quality of the environment (air and surface water) in order to implement adequate mitigation measures.  Component 2: Priority flood risk reduction interventions. This component includes: - Construction of 2 tidal sluice gates at the end of VamThuat and NuocLen canals in order to control tidal inflows. - Improving the whole ThamLuong - BenCat - NuocLen Channel system through dredging works and embankment construction in order to improve its ability to discharge flood waters at the safe level of frequency of 10 years. - Construction of the main interceptor system in GoVap District. - Construction and improvement of a primary and secondary combined sewer system for reaching the appropriate safety level, and construction of the secondary interceptor system in GoVap District Wastewater Collection, Drainage and Sanitation With rapid population growth and improvement of functional infrastructure, HCMC will be challenged with environmental pollution. The major sources of pollution would directly discharge untreated wastewater or partially treated wastewater to canals, creeks and rivers. The population growth in the zone of influence could increase the densities of all district up to 139 people per hectare which could result in population of 2 000 000 inhabitants or more. The wastewater flow will generate pollution in the drainage network and at the end into the ThamLuong-BenCat-NuocLen Channel. The wastewater flow generated from factories outside the industrial parks is ranged from 30 to 40 000 m3/day, in which 2.4 tons of pollutant suspended solids are comprised. Total flow of wastewater generated from industrial parks such as TanTao, TanBinh, VinhLoc A, TanThoiHiep is estimated to be more than 32 000 m3/day. This flowrate can potentially contribute about 6.4 tons of pollutant suspended solids into ThamLuong Canal if the discharged wastewater could meet allowable standards. Within the limits of GoVap District, the common technical solution to the drainage of domestic wastewater for the City is using combined or separated drainage system for both run-off rainwater and domestic wastewater collection, depending on the stages of urbanization, economic conditions and environmental sanitation. Box culverts, manholes and pumping stations will deserves the collection and the transfer to the planned wastewater treatment plant (a built-transfer project) that will be located at AnPhuDong Ward, District 12, 174 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 close to the Saigon River. The main projected interceptor would collect and transfer the mixed wastewater from HyVong Canal area (deserving the TanSonNhat Airport) to the ChinXieng area, close to the location planned for the construction of the tidal sluice gate (VamThuat). Collected wastewater will be pumped to the planned treatment plant (AnPhuDong Ward). The final treated effluent would be discharged at a location downstream the tidal sluice gate or directly into the Saigon River current flow. According to internal regulations of industrial parks, raw wastewaters discharged by industries should be treated (first step) separately by preliminary and primary processes prior to their pumping towards the centralized secondary treatment for a second ―finishing‖ step in order to be compliant with the maximum allowable concentrations of QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT. Then the final effluent would be legally discharged into the main channel. In the South-West area, a call for investment has been planned for the implementation of canal dredging projects and construction of a centralized wastewater treatment (―Nha May Xu Ly Nuoc Thai, Tay SaiGon‖). With this expected project the coverage for wastewater collection and drainage component will be limited to 9 urban districts: District 12, GoVap, BinhThanh, TanBinh, TanPhu, BinhTan, BinhChanh, HocMon, and District 8. For determining the impact due to the increase in population within the 9 covered districts, let us propose to assess a scenario for only one phase with the hypothesis of 139,5 person/ha as density in the horizon of 2035. Demography The population distribution in Ho Chi Minh City is uneven. Regarding the growth rate of population, while the natural growth rate reaches approximately 1.07%, the mechanical growth rate amounted to 2.5%. Immigration status in the city continues to grow in recent years. Since 1999 up to now, the population of 8 districts within the city is decreasing while the population of suburban districts and newly-setup districts grew rapidly. The mechanical increase of the city's population is going strongly and difficult to control as indicated in BINHCHANH: population increasing per year was ever up to 30,000 people, equivalent to the population of one commune. (ref: FS Study 2012) In 2007 the estimated population of Ho Chi Minh City was over 6.5 million, growing at around 2.9% per year. It is forecasted that the Study Area population will reach over 13.8 million by 2025, with 10 million people in HCMC. Most of the population growth is projected to happen in outer areas (the urban fringe, suburban and other outlying communities), while the inner core areas are projected either to decrease their populations (in high density areas) or increase moderately (in medium/low density areas). (Ref: Preparing the Ho Chi Minh City Metro Rail System Project, ADB, Project number 39500, Feb 2010) At the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development conference (on Investment Policy Review 2007), it was noted that a new airport and training and research facilities will 175 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 be built outside Ho Chi Minh City. As a population growth scenario, we are assuming that the airport will delocalized and that districts will be constructed with new development. With a population growth of 2.5%, total population of zone of influence should reach 2 000 000 latest 2038. We will assume that density will equalized at the average density of 139.5 persons per hectare. The table 5.15 represent population forecast in each district (zone of influence only) for year 2035 with that density. Table 5.15 opulation forecasted to 2035 as follows Population Actual Population Area 2015 Density 2035 No. District Density (ha) (persons) (person/ha) 139,5 1 District 12 3 083,4 181 127 59 430 134 2 Go Vap 1 915,7 313 798 161 308 427 3 Binh Thanh 142 19 624 138 19 809 4 Tan Binh 525,1 37 244 71 73 251 5 Tan Phu 1 706,5 218 843 128 238 056 6 Binh Tan 1 445,6 199 316 131 201 661 Binh 7 4 589,1 29 670 7 640 179 Chanh 8 Hoc Mon 1 526,1 99 574 65 212 890 9 District 8 93,3 9 054 97 13 015 Total: 9 14 899 1 108 250 74 2 137 426 districts Calculation of Wastewater Flows Within the Phase I (to 2035), the Project aim at limiting the wastewater at these figures and propose Design References for 2035 as:  Flow of domestic wastewater: 180 L/capita/day in 2035.  Flow of wastewater from Industries, Commerce and Institutional (ICI): 30% Qdomestic;  Irregular coefficient of day max: KDAY-MAX = 1,25;  Known flow from two industrial zones will be added separately. The table 5.16 is presenting calculation for wastewater daily flow in each district, if all the outfalls are captured and drained to the channel TL-BC-NL. Table 5.16 Potential Wastewater discharging to the channel Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Year 2015 Year 2018 Year 2035 No. AREA 120l/p/day 120l/p/day 180l/p/day District ha m3/day WWTP m3/day 176 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Year 2015 Year 2018 Year 2035 No. AREA 120l/p/day 120l/p/day 180l/p/day 1 District 12 3083,4 21735 23365 77424 2 Go Vap 1915,7 37656 40480 55517 3 Binh Thanh 142 2355 2531 3566 4 Tan Binh 525,1 4469 4804 13185 5 Tan Phu 1706,5 26261 28231 42850 6 Binh Tan 1445,6 23918 25712 36299 7 Binh Chanh 4589,1 3560 3827 115232 8 Hoc Mon 1526,1 11949 12845 38320 9 District 8 93,3 1086 1168 2343 Total: 9 15026.8 132990 142964 384737 districts Strom water pollutant Urban storm water runoff has been the subject of intensive research since the inception of the Water Quality Act of 1965 in USA. The most comprehensive study of urban runoff was NURP, conducted by EPA between 1978 and 1983. NURP was conducted in order to examine the characteristics of urban runoff and similarities or differences between urban land uses, the extent to which urban runoff is a significant contributor to water quality problems nationwide, and the performance characteristics and effectiveness of management practices to control pollution loads from urban runoff (US EPA 1983). Table 5.17 Pollutant Criteria for Storm Water BOD mg/l 10 COD mg/l 73 73 TSS mg/l 101 Total Lead μg/l 144 144 Total Copper μg/l 33 Total Zinc μg/l 135 135 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen μg/l 1900 Nitrate + Nitrite μg/l 736 Total Phosphorus μg/l 383 Soluble Phosphorous μg/l 143 Contamination in Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Channel system Table 5.18 Total Maximum Daily Load (TSS) No. District 2015 2018 2035 total kg/day kg/day kg/d tons 20 years 1 District 12 15802 5592 9560 18394 2 Go Vap 17546 4772 6311 17519 3 Binh Thanh 1161 330 440 1113 4 Tan Binh 2937 2937 1628 7626 5 Tan Phu 13300 13300 5291 38493 6 Binh Tan 11801 11801 4482 1099 177 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 No. District 2015 2018 2035 total kg/day kg/day kg/d tons 7 Binh Chanh 14306 14306 14229 25188 8 Hoc Mon 8202 8202 4732 20950 9 District 8 615 615 289 1697 Total: 9 districts 78137 54321 45330 132079 Table 5.19 illustrates the cumulative impact of Suspended Solids that may be discharged in the channel system if WWTP are in operation or not. This situation propose that in 2038 all WWTP will be in operation. According to this hypothesis, there will 132 079 tons of dry sludge in the channel in 2035. The volume of sludge may be 3 301 987 m3 at 4% dryness. After dredging the channel assuming that bottom will be at -4 meter and top average water level will be at +1 meter over the sea level, total effective volume of channel will be 6 060 612 m3. This indicates that the canal will be filled up to 55% if no sludge is removed within 20 years. To evaluate the contamination of channel, it will be divided in three sections 1) From Cho Dem River to Bridge Ba Hom: 1 273 100m3 2) From Bridge Ba Hom to Bridge Cho Cau: 2 189 700 m3 3) From Bridge Cho Cau to Saigon River: 2,597,812 m3 Section 1 will receive 50% of District Binh Tan, District 8 and part of District Huyen Binh Chanh. Section 2 will receive district Hoc Mon, 50% of Districts 12, 50% of districts Binh Tan, District Tan Phu, District Tan Binh with the catchment of WWTP Binh Hung Hoa. The treatment plant used aerated lagoon and stabilization pond technology to treat wastewater from nearby Den canal. Den canal has an area of 785 ha and population in the area is around 120.000 (1999). The canal is also received untreated wastewater from surrounding industrial activities, creating black colour and bad odour in the water with physico-chemical parameters as follow: SS 250mg/L, BOD5 200mg/L, COD 300mg/L, NH3-N 25mg/L, and pH 6.5 - 7 (Smet et al.,2006). It will also receive effluent of 2 industrial zone. This treatment is very effective reduce BOD to 5 mg/L. Section 3 will receive 50% of District 12, District Go Vap and part of District Binh Thanh Four scenarios were evaluated. 1) Rainy Season after modifications occurring in 2018 2) Dry Season after modifications occurring in 2018 3) Rainy Season in 2035 expecting that all WWTP will be completed 4) Dry Season in 2035 expecting that all WWTP will be completed 178 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 According to statistic 85% of rain is falling from May to October and 15% from December to April. The next table present concentration of pollutant in the channel in 2018 and in 2038 if mitigation measure are applied and if WWTP are in operation. This situation suppose that there will be no water coming from outside the channel system other than rain water drainage and wastewater. Table 5.19 Concentration of pollutants in Channel TL-BC-NL 2018-2035 TSS TSS TSS TSS COD COD COD COD Dry WET DRY WET Dry WET DRY WET 2018+ 2018+ 2035 2035 2018+ 2018+ 2035 2035 mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 1 91 25 96 52 137 38 144 78 2 99 40 96 52 148 60 144 78 3 54 27 98 55 81 40 147 82 The channel may become an anaerobic pond in these conditions. In the dry season the sluice gates will have to be open at high tide to dilute the water in the channel. Feasibility study also proposed two important measures that could improve the situation. 1) Constructing a retention pond at Go Vap park (available in the planning of control reservoir in HCMC) and to propose size of the reservoir to reduce water level in main canal and reduce inundation for the basin at the head route, nearby Sai Gon river (mainly An Phu Dong ward, Thanh Xuan ward - district 12) 2) Constructing Tan Tao retention pond for climate change by 2100. These two measures would have a direct impact to reduce and eliminate contamination coming from storm water. Mitigation measure like application of Low Impact Development Technic would also reduce the load. In these case the load would be limited to wastewater contamination. The WWTP Binh Hung Hoa is already in operation and discharge to Kenh Nuoc Den Canal. This effluent is providing a good quality water. Construction of other Wastewater Treatment plant would also have a positive impact. The situation in 2035 179 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 As earlier mentioned, dredging embankment construction works will modify the hydraulic volumes of the three sections of the main channel. Calculations taking in consideration an increase in population (and pollution discharge into sewerage networks) and an achievement of wastewater treatment plants would allow assessing the pollutant contents in terms of Chemiotox Units in the three sections of the main channel as follow: 2018 2035 Dry Wet Dry Wet Seasons Seasons Seasons Seasons Section 1: ChoDem Channel (or NuocLen 70,0 19,4 73,5 39,8 Sluice Gate) to BaHom Bridge Section 2: BaHom Bridge to ChoCau Bridge 75,6 30,6 73,5 39,8 Section 3: ChoCau Bridge to Saigon River (or 41,4 20,4 75,1 41,9 VamThuat Sluice Gate) If the operation strategy in the future remains mainly in hydraulic factors (strictly in favor of fluvial navigation) we can again face to a progressive build-up in pollutant contents. The following Figure illustrates the progressive increase in CHEMIOTOX UNITS along the 3 sections of the main channel during wet seasons. SURFACE WATER 80 CHEMIOTOX Units (mg/L Fe tox.eq.) Data of 2012, 2015, 2018 & 2035 70 Data of 2012 Data of 2015 60 Data of 2018 Data of 2035 50 40 30 20 10 0 SW10 SW9 SW8 SW7 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 5.3.8. Linked Ancillary Projects Following table presents a summary of current and future projects whose impacts can be negative, neutral or positive to the factors identified previously. Each project is described with 180 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 status, status of EIA, detail of EMP, cumulative impact assessment and screening of linked project. Table 5.20 Cumulative impacts of Linked Ancillary Projects 1. Project Name Da Phuoc Solid Waste Treatment Complex Description Scope of work: The Da Phuoc Solid Waste Treatment Complex near Ho Chi Minh City is Vietnam‘s largest solid waste processing complex. This project was developed, and is currently operated, by Vietnam Waste Solutions (VWS) of Ho Chi Minh City and California Waste Solutions (CWS) of California. This Complex is located in Da Phuoc Commune, Binh Chanh District, Ho Chi Minh City. Capacity of the Complex is currently 10,000 tons per day designed to collect whole domestic solid waste generated by Ho Chi Minh City and partly solid waste collection from Long An province. The complex is planned on an area of 128.22 ha that includes administrative office (0.2%), domestic waste treatment factory (6.64%), industrial waste and hazardous waste treatment factory (1.41%), technical infrastructures (5.08%), green field and utilities (0.21%), high-tech landfill including four cells (68.91), green trees and grass cover (5.48%) and internal roads and yards (12.06%). The Da Phuoc Landfill will receive all the dredged materials and construction waste from the demolition process, construction process and dredging process during pre-construction phase, construction phase and operation phase of six components. Status The project has entered operation with a capacity of 10,000 tons solid waste per day Status of EIA The EIA of the project with capacity of 3,000 tons per day has been approved by DONRE of Ho Chi Minh City in accordance with a Decree No. 132/QĐ- TNMT dated on 18th April 2005. Following the approval of HCM PC to upgrade from 3,000 tons per day to 10,000 tons per day, the EIA for upgraded capacity was approved in 2015. Detail of EMP Mitigation measure to treat leachate wastewater and storm water: The complex currently has a wastewater treatment complex with a capacity of 4,280 m3 per day. Three wastewater treatment plants were constructed in this complex, including two leachate wastewater treatment plants (280 m3/day and 1,000 m3/day) and one storm water treatment plant (3,000 m3/day). Following the treatment, the wastewater of the first two meets QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT (column B1) and QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (column B) (in accordance with a Decree No. 541/QĐ-TNMT-QLTN dated on 1st June 2012 about extending a license of discharging the treated wastewater to receiving stream) and of the third meets QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT (column B1) (in accordance with a Decree No. 926/QĐ-TNMT-QLTN dated on 4th September 2012 by MONRE about extending a license of discharging the treated wastewater to receiving 181 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 stream). Following increasing up to 10,000 tons of solid waste per day, total capacity will be increased from 4,280 m3 per day to 4,510 m3 per day. In this case, the leachate wastewater treatment plant will be upgraded to meet the increased capacity. Mitigation measure to treat gas emission from landfill: Gas emissions from landfill revenues are collected by spaced vertical wells. All the collected gas is flared. Mitigation measures to treat odor and pathogens microorganisms: In addition to the daily soil cover layer to prevent odors, spraying is also done regularly, especially during the time after the rain. In addition, planting of trees is also done to create buffer areas. Limitations of the residents scavenging and require workers to user PPE when working at the landfill. Assessment of Given the Complex has now received a half of 10,000 tons of solid waste per cumulative day, it still has enough area and capacity to receive the solid waste generated impact from the HCM – FRM project. Therefore, negative cumulative impact is assessed to be minimal. WW is discharged in Nga Cay creek which do not directly reach the channel TL-BC-NL. OP 4.12: The Da Phuoc landfill is to accommodate sludge from dredging operation to Screening of be supported by HCM – FRM project. This is existing landfill built 10 years linked project ago and it will not require any further civil works or any involuntary land acquisition. Therefore it is noted that this is not considered as linked project, but is considered as ancillary activities. 2. Project Name Tham Luong Ben Cat Wastewater Treatment Plant Description The project of wastewater treatment plant for a catchment of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len, phase 1, with a total capacity of 131,000 m3 per day. It is scoped in a project ―Wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment plant for a catchment of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len‖, where the Prime Minister approved a pre-feasible study regarding to a document No. 1131/CP- CN dated on 13th August 2014 and investment policy under forms of Building and Transfer (BT) regarding to a document No. 383/QĐ-UBND-DT dated on 8th October 2010. The catchment area where wastewater will be collected for treatment by the Tham Luong Ben Cat WWTP is of 5,141 ha of District 12, Go Vap District and Binh Thanh District. It is located at An Phu Dong Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City. Diagram of wastewater treatment technology processing: Wastewater from sewage system  Screen bar  Sand sediment tank  Selector  C-Tech (biological tank)  UV disinfaction tank  Lagoon  Discharge to Vam Thuat River using pump. In addition to those major treatment units, the WWTP also comprise of units to treat gas and sludge (sludge holding tank, belt press, gas collection and 182 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 treatment). Following treatment, treated wastewater will meet QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A). Status The project is under construction and expected to be completed on May 2017. Status of EIA The EIA of project has been approved by the local authority (DONRE) of Ho Chi Minh City. Below is a summary of impact evaluation for each project components: Waste water treatment plant: - Location is An Phu Dong Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City. Point for discharge is Vam Thuat River and the treated wastewater will meet the Viet Nam environmental standard of type A, QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. - Option technology is Sequencing Batch Reactor. The treatment is activated sludge. - Per EIA, most of the negative environmental impacts are short-term and mitigated. Mitigation measures have been properly proposed in EMP, including institutional arrangement for environmental management, monitoring and capacity building program. Community consultation has been conducted during project preparation. Most of the participants raised their concerns on compensation prices, construction-caused disturbance and pollution generated during construction and operation phase and requested PMU to comply with the mitigation measures proposed. Detail of EMP Proposed mitigation measures on approved EIA report of WWTP project are : Mitigation measures to treat sludge out of WWTP processing: Sludge out of WWTP processing will be treated by following process: Activated sludge  sludge holding tank  Sludge pump Centrifuge  Fertilized or disposed to landfill. Controlling the treated wastewater quality out of WWTP: According to an approved decision of an EIA report by Ho Chi Minh City People‘s Committee - Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), quality of treated wastewater must satisfy the Viet Nam environmental standard of type A, QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. Environmental monitoring program also included in the EIA report. Assessment of Impacts will be positive as wastewater effluent quality will be improve but cumulative there will be cumulative impact over time. impact OP 4.12: The project has been constructed to collect the domestic wastewater generated Screening of from local community located in the Tham Luong ben Cat Nuoc Len linked project Catchment. It is scoped in a project ―Wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment plant for a catchment of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len‖ and constructed to serve the outcomes of project component 4. Therefore, it is considered as a linked project. 183 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 3. Project Name Tan Tao Industrial Park Description Tan Tao IP is located in Binh Tan District, Ho Chi Minh City with total area of 380.15ha. It was established on 30th November 1996 following a Decision 906/TTg and 978/QĐ-MT. In 2008, Tan Tao Investment Industry Corporation constructed a WWTP, which has a capacity of 3,000 m3 per day for extension of Tan Tao IP, and completed that in 2010. This WWTP for Tan Tao IP extension was provided completion certification issued a documents No. 171/BQL-KCN-HCM- QLMT dated 14/01/2010. In addition, DONRE of Ho Chi Minh City also issued a document No. 373/GP-TNMT-QLTN dated 23rd April 2012 to provide a discharge license where the project can discharge 3,000 m3 of wastewater per day to receiving stream. This flowrate together with flowrate of the original Tan Tao IP contribute to generate up to 12,000 m3 per day. Major industry sectors invested in this IP comprise of textile, leather, rubber, plastic, mechanics, electronics, wood, food. Regarding to document No. 137/CV-ITACO-10, all investors must ensure the wastewater generated from their factories must meet the parameters concentration developed by Tan Tao IP owner before discharging to the central wastewater treatment plant in Tan Tao IP. Currently, approximate 107 business sectors has invested in Tan Tao IP and contribute a total of wastewater flow ranged from 2,300 to 2,400 m3 per day. Wastewater following pretreatment stage undertaken in each factory is permitted to discharge to central wastewater treatment plant of Tan Tao IP for further treatment to meet the QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (Column B). Treated wastewater effluent then enters to sewage system to discharge to Nuoc Len Creek, which is connected to Cho Dem River and Vam Co Dong River. Status The project has entered operation, where a WWTP was constructed with a capacity of 12,000 m3 per day. Status of EIA The EIA of project has been approved by the local authority (DONRE) of Ho Chi Minh City. Detail of EMP The business sectors must commit to preliminary treat raw wastewater to meet the influent discharge requirement of central WWTP of Tan Tao IP. Mitigation measures to treat wastewater generated from factories in Tan Tao IP: Tan Tao IP (Original): Wastewater from sewage system  Collection tank  Screen bar  Equalization Tank  Aeration tank (biological tank)  Clarifier  Discharge to Nuoc Len Creek Tan Tao IP (Extension): Wastewater from sewage system  Collection tank  Fine screen  Equalization Tank  Neutralization tank  Coagulation and flocculation 184 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 tank  Physical sedimentation tank  Mutech tank (activated sludge)  Disinfection tank  Discharge to Nuoc Len Creek According to the approved decision of the EIA report by Ho Chi Minh City People‘s Committee - Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), quality of treated wastewater must satisfy the Viet Nam environmental standard of type A, QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. Assessment of Negative cumulative impact is assessed to be limited as the WWTP can cumulative accommodate wastewater generated from factories located in Tan Tao IP to impact meet QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. However, if the discharge cannot be monitored well in term of treatment performance, it can cause negative impacts to receiving streams. There will be cumulative impact over time 5.3.9. Design mitigation measures 5.3.9.1.Objectives The main goal of the in the Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Channel restoration is to restore the degraded reservoir to a level that can be permanently sustained through protection and conservation. The water quality target should be in accordance with the quality of natural water and without stresses that cause degradation, i.e. with a good ecosystem health, long- term stability and sustainability. The water quality management of the channel must be at first oriented to control eutrophication and the external factors causing the increase of nutrient load. Restoration program is also oriented to enhance the biodiversity of the channel. Fortunately, in the last decade, many good experiments have been realized and many solutions are now available to control the eutrophication by minimizing the nutrient inflows from the point sources and from the non-point sources (NPS). 5.3.9.2.Cumulative impact from wastewater and drainage water pollution Wastewater treatment engineering design has to bring solutions for the 3 issues with equal emphasis: odour removal, main influent treatment and sludge disposal. Referring to the results obtained in the previous section, we can conclude that by installing barriers at each end of the channel, it will become a closed tank. Previously the rising and falling tide of the Saigon River and Cho Dem River had a washing effect and allow a dilution of pollution in the channel. Tests show that the central portion of the channel is much more contaminated than the remainder of the channel. By closing the channel, this washing effect will disappear. An alternative water management solution will be needed. A strategic sanitation and drainage plan would conduct to implement long term measures. 5.3.9.3.Green Infrastructure 185 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 PMU should propose a strategic sanitation and drainage plan with Green Infrastructure. PMU should establish what level of sanitation exists in each district, in terms of facilities, in terms of institutions and in terms of the people‘s perspectives and the level of service expected. PMU should proposed green approach in designing services. By introducing Green Infrastructures the quality of storm water will be improved by a pre-filtration effect. LID (Low Impact Development) measures are proposed. LID is a multi-barrier approach that uses features at the lot, neighborhood, and watershed level to maintain the on-site water balance (Gyurek, 2009). The proposed plan must integrate this multi-barrier approach to reduce the water footprint in the development. This involves: Designing strategies to provide quantity and quality control and enhancement of groundwater recharge (through infiltration of runoff into the soil), retention or detention of runoff for permanent storage or for later release, and pollutant settling and entrapment (by conveying runoff slowly through vegetated swales and buffer strips or small wetlands). (Gyurek, 2009) In the proposed approach, all LID features are introduced to maximize water quality. The concept includes features such as rain gardens, bio-retention, and bio-swales. To integrate all systems, it is necessary to protect canals on-site and to link all parts of the system with that water body as the core. LID Features are local infrastructures. There are numerous features to consider in the layout of a LID, with features typically selected and arranged according to the topography and landscape of the site. The LIDC proposes that the following features be incorporated into design. 5.3.9.4.Rain Gardens Rain Gardens enhance local water quality by allowing water to be filtered naturally by soil instead of being piped untreated into large bodies of water (LIDC 2011). A rain garden is a landscaped garden in a shallow depression that receives the storm water from nearby impervious surfaces, thereby recharging it (Dussailsant 2004). Beyond its environmental use, rain gardens provide attractive landscaping and a natural habitat for birds, bees, and butterflies, while encouraging environmental stewardship and community pride (LIDC 2011). 5.3.9.5.Street Storage Street storage refers to the technology of temporarily storing storm water (in densely populated urban areas) on the surface — on- and off-street — and, as needed, below the surface, close to the source (Carr, Esposito & Walsh 2000). The use of street storage and catchment basins reduces the rate of runoff entering storm sewer systems, reducing the required minimum size of water mains conveying storm water pipes (LIDC 2011). 5.3.9.6.Bio-Retention 186 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Bio-retention is an alternative to runoff treatment, acting on storm water before it is discharged into waterways (Hsieh & Davis 2003). A landscaped island containing a curb inlet drains a large area or street, channeling rainwater through a small pipe into a municipal storm drain system. Bio-retention consists of porous media layers that can remove pollutants by infiltrating runoff through mechanisms that include adsorption, precipitation, and filtration (Hsieh & Davis 2003). 5.3.9.7.Permeable Pavements Permeable pavement systems restore soil infiltration functions in the urban landscape. These systems are mainly composed of porous pavement systems in parking areas (LIDC). Permeable pavements offer one solution to the problem of increased storm water runoff and the decreased stream water quality associated with automobile usage (Brattebo & Booth 2003). Permeable pavements with reservoir structures consisting of concrete paving stones offer the possibility for decentralized, sustainable storm water management and source control in urban areas. Runoff from streets and parking areas with low traffic densities can be infiltrated to support groundwater recharge and to reduce hydraulic stress in sewer systems. Infiltration can help to return the urban water cycle to its natural condition, increasing the level of groundwater (Dierkes et al. 2002). 5.3.9.8.Vegetated Roof Cover Green roofs (roofs with a vegetated surface and substrate) provide ecosystem services in urban areas, including improved storm water management, better regulation of building temperatures, reduced urban heat island effects, and increased urban wildlife habitat (Oberndoofer et al. 2007). The use of vegetation on a rooftop as an alternative to traditional roofing materials is an increasingly utilized example of GI practice. The vegetation and growing media perform a number of functions that improve environmental performance, including absorption of rainfall, reduction of roof temperatures, improvement in ambient air quality, and the provision of urban habitat (Carter & Keeler 2007). 5.3.9.9.Bioswales Bioswales are broad ditches with gentle slopes. Swales are vegetated open channels designed to accept sheet flow runoff and convey it in a broad shallow flow. Swales are used to reduce storm water volume through infiltration, improve water quality through vegetative and soil filtration, and reduce flow velocity by increasing channel roughness (Lukes & Kloss 2008). Bioswales can take many forms. Generally, bioswales can be contained in approximately one per cent of the land area draining into them. Since bioswales are linear, they work well along impermeable surfaces such as roads and sidewalks (Wahl 2009). 5.3.9.10. Rainwater Harvesting 187 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Rainwater harvesting, which involves the collection of rainwater from impervious surfaces and storing it for later use, is a technique that has been used for millennia. Although, rainwater harvesting has not been widely employed in industrialized societies, which rely primarily on centralized water distribution systems, with the increasing recognition of the need to address the problems of limited water resources and storm water pollution, and the emergence of green building design, the role of rainwater harvesting in water supply is being reassessed (Kloss 2009). 5.3.9.11. Tertiary treatment In addition to the site consideration, sizing the facility need to physically accommodate future treatment plant expansions; it is necessary for the designer to include provisions to accommodate the future expansion and/or process changes. Onsite sewage additional treatment should be designed such that their capacity can be increased and/or parallel facilities constructed without the need for major disruption of plant operation. The layout and sizing of channels and plant piping should be such that additional treatment units can be added in the future or increases in loading rates can be accommodated hydraulically. The location of buildings and tanks should allow for the location of the next stages of expansion. Buffer areas should be provided. Treatment beyond the norm of secondary or equivalent level for various watersheds may be necessary due to limited assimilation capacity and/or critical downstream uses being made of the receiving body of water. Some sewage treatment plants are required to meet more stringent effluent quality requirements than associated with secondary treatment. The receiving water-based effluent requirements are incorporated into the A and B QCVN 40:2011 and QCVN 14: 2008, as effluent compliance limits with appropriate effluent quality objectives in terms of concentrations and loadings. Depending on the effluent requirements, there are a number of suitable alternative sewage treatment processes that can be considered. In this case to mitigate cumulative impact of Load discharged into the Channel TL-BC-NL, a tertiary treatment should be added to the proposed process. Granular media filters may be used as an advanced treatment process for the removal of residual TSS and TP from secondary effluent. Filters may be necessary where effluent concentrations of less than 15 mg/L of TSS and/or 0.5 mg/L of TP need to be achieved. A pre-treatment process such as chemical coagulation and sedimentation or other acceptable process should precede the granular media filter units where effluent suspended solids requirements are less than 10 mg/L. In this case, provision for Continuous backwashing up flow sand filters should be planned to eliminate Suspended Solids in the effluent of futur WWTP. 188 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 CHAPTER 6: SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1. Study approach The approach and methodology employed during the social impact assessment is outlined in the following sub-sections. The SIA was conducted through a combination of qualitative research methods, quantitative household surveys, and desk study. 6.1.1. Data collection Relevant recent information from the Project Feasibility Study Report, Assessment of Poverty and Social Impacts of Flooding in Selected Neighborhoods of HCMC, statistical reports from statistical offices, and existing EIA reports was used to inform the impact assessment. A quantitative household survey was also conducted in September 2015 on more than 500 households in the project area to collect further information for baseline study as well as public opinions of the project. Desk review of relevant documentation The following documents were reviewed at a desk level: - Project Feasibility Study Report; - Assessment Report of Poverty and Social Impacts of Flooding in Selected Neighborhoods of HCMC prepared by the World Bank consultant team in 2014; - Environmental Impact Assessment of the Project conducted in 2007 (including all the EIA reports of 7 components of the Project); - Involuntary Resettlement Assessment Report prepared by Consultant for Resettlement Plan of the Project; - Policy for Resettlement and Rehabilitation provided by the Project Management Unit. Field work A preliminary site visit to the project area was conducted in July 2015. Primary data collection was subsequently undertaken during August and September 2015. This included a survey on household composition, education levels, general health status, employment, income, expenditure, the impacts of flooding on household level and their opinions of the project. The first public consultation on the project was conducted in the 9 districts of the project area in August and September 2015. The public consultation meetings helped the Consultant gain deeper contextual understanding of the social environment and public attitudes towards the project. 6.1.2. Defining „social‟ area of influence Defining a ‗social area of influence‘ does not necessarily require the articulation of a geographic 189 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 boundary. Instead, the social extent of the project can be determined through a combination of stakeholder analysis and social mapping, and through an iterative process of understanding the social, economic, political and environmental changes induced by the project and the livelihoods and networks of potentially impacted people. Stakeholder analysis Direct stakeholders include: - Physically and economically displaced people; - People living in communities close to the Project area; - Local labour pools for job seekers; - Local women‘s groups; - Local business owners, such as fish farmers; - Local social and community service providers (e.g. health and education); - Local governmental bodies related to public welfare, environmental protection and permitting for the Project; - Neighbouring and supply chain industries and businesses including livestock owners. Indirect stakeholders can be defined as those persons or organizations that may be interested in or able to influence the outcome of the Project, either because they can contribute knowledge or improve Project design or mitigate social and/or environmental impacts, or because they have political influence in the Project that needs to be considered. All of these stakeholders are considered to be ‗interest-based‘. Indirect stakeholders relevant to the Project are identified in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 Indirect Stakeholder Groups Stakeholder No. Reasons for Inclusion within the Consultation Process Group Interest-based: The World Bank influence government policy International which affects the Project, including funding, resettlement plan 1 Bodies (e.g. the and environment, health and safety policies during project World Bank) construction and operation. Interest-based: Meeting the requirements of country‘s EIA National 2 process before project construction, setting national policies, Government providing project approvals. Provincial/Local Impact-based and Interest-based: Managing local impacts, 3 Government facilitating project implementation and consultation. Departments 190 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Civil Interest-based: Protection of rights of residents of the local Society, communities during the project implementation; should be 4 NGOs, involved in external monitoring and identification of Research environmental and social issues. Bodies Interest-based: Informing residents living in HCMC and in the Press and 5 Project affected area about the planned activities, reporting Media Project activities. 6.2. Impact assessment methodology Please check Annex 5 for the description of our social impact assessment methodology and process. 6.3. Social Positive Impacts 6.3.1. During project construction phase (2016-2021) Potential positive impacts anticipated during this phase include the followings: - Creation of employment opportunities - Increase in business opportunities in local services Creation of employment opportunities The construction sector is one of the largest single contributors to employment. It can be expected that opportunities will be available for unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled employment of the local population during the construction. The following table estimates the number of workers required for each stage of the project. Table 6.2 Number of workers required to each sub-component of Project Component 2 Preparation Construction (persons) Operation Unskilled Total (persons) (persons) Total workers Sub-component 2.1 5 25 10 3 33 Sub-component 2.2 0 25 10 3 28 Sub-component 2.3 5 50 20 0 55 Sub-component 2.4 0 50 25 0 50 Sub-component 2.5 0 50 20 0 50 Sub-component 2.6 5 50 25 0 55 191 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Total 15 250 110 6 271 Source: previous EIA report. It is roughly estimated that the construction phase of the project will require the recruitment of around 250 persons for the 7 components, of which 110 are unskilled workers. The construction is preliminarily estimated to be 18 months. This will create jobs and attract a group of local population who are seasonal workers, especially the male ones. The nature of this impact is considered to be positive. However, the magnitude of the impact is minor as the local working age population is many times larger than the employment demand of the project. The impact significance is minor. Increase in business opportunities in local services During the construction phase of the project, there is expected to be migrant workforce in the project area in addition to the number of workers that might be employed from the local population. This will create more demand for goods and local services such as food, accommodation and health care. The nature of this impact is positive but the magnitude of the impact is minor as the required number of construction workers is only around 250 and concentrating mainly around the construction site. The impact significance is therefore minor. 6.3.2. Positive impacts of the overall project When the construction is finished, Project Component 2 is expected to bring about the following positive impacts: - Poverty reduction; - Improvement of living conditions; - Improvement of transport conditions/ accessibility; - Improvement of work environment; - Improvement of social security; - Leisure and tourism; - Increase in property prices; - Increase in business opportunities. Poverty reduction According to the final report of Ho Chi Minh City's Poverty Reduction Programme for phase 2014-2015, the poverty rate of the city is 0.89%. Compared to this rate, the project area has 04 wards with a higher poverty rate than the city's average rate. 2 over 4 wards are located in Ward 14 and Ward 5 of Go Vap District. The Poverty Assessment and Social Impact Report prepared by the World Bank consultant team in 2014 showed that urban flooding strongly affected 192 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 people‘s well-being in the project area, especially the poor and near-poor households in terms of their livelihoods, employment, incomes, and access to social services including health, education, housing and sanitation. Table 6.3 summarizes the impacts of flooding on poor and near-poor households in some districts in the Project area as specified in the Poverty Assessment and Social Impact Report. Table 6.3 The effects of flooding on poor and near-poor households Indicator Percentage % households whose health was affected 67.5 % members affected with water borne diseases 54.6 % members affected with respiratory diseases 52.3 % households whose employment was affected 58 % factory workers suffering from work disruption 55 % day laborers suffering from work disruption 45.3 % households whose income was affected 43.6 % factory workers suffering from income loss 50.1 % day laborers suffering from income loss 43.6 Source: World Bank, 2014. The Flood Risk Management Project will improve the local flooding situation, thereby contributing to poverty reduction in the project area by improving poor househol ds‘ accessibility to social services, reducing their risks of water-borne and respiratory diseases, and providing them with more employment opportunities.  Increased accessibility  Improvementof health and IMPROVEMENT living conditions OF URBAN POVERTY  More employment FLOODING REDUCTION opportunities  Reduce income loss Figure 6.1 The relationship between improvement of flooding and poverty reduction. The nature of this impact is positive, the type of impact is indirect but the duration of impact can be permanent. The magnitude of impact is large and the impact significance is major. 193 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Improvement of health and living conditions The HCMC Flood Risk Management Project can contribute to the quality of life and the social underpinnings of communities. The Jacobs report, The Benefits of Inland Waterways, published in 2009, highlighted many positive benefits of waterway restorations, including significant community improvements and cohesion benefits, which they argue can be sufficient justification for investment in such restoration. In the survey assessing the influence of Tham Luong–Ben Cat–Nuoc Len sub-catchment on living conditions of local households, 75.38% of the respondent households answered that their daily life was directly affected by pollution of the sub-catchment and flood in the area. 90% of the respondent said that flooding affects their health at different levels. This included insects transmitting diseases such as flies and mosquitos, untreated wastes in the sub-catchment and floods during the rainy seasons. Other impacts of flood include access to health services, daily travel and housing quality (see Table 6.4, Table 6.5 and Table 6.6). Table 6.4 Impact of flood on health of local residents Level of impact on health Percentage Extremely serious impact 32.4% Serious impact 29.7% Impact but not serious 29.0% No impact 8.9% Total 100.0% Table 6.5 Impact of flood on health services Impact to health services Percentage Impact means of travel 51.2% Impact travel costs 12.1% Impact travel time 28.1% No impact 8.6% Total 100.0% Table 6.6 Impact of flood on daily travel Level of impact on daily travel Percentage Extremely serious impact 23.8% Serious impact 37.3% Impact but not serious 32.7% No impact 6.2% Total 100.0% 194 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 When the construction is finished, it is expected that the whole community in the project area will experience significant positive changes in their living conditions such as better health and environmental conditions, air and water quality, more open public spaces, less flooding and less risks of diseases caused by pollution of the sub-catchment area. The nature of this impact is positive, the magnitude of impact is large and the impact significance is major. Improvement of infrastructure and accessibility The project will significantly improve road conditions in the sub-catchment area by making roads clearer and more spacious, thereby reducing journey time and traffic congestion. This will also means less flooded roads in the rainy seasons. Therefore, the accessibility of local households to health care, social services, education and entertainment will be greatly improved. The project is also expected to improve inland waterway transport activities in the area as the waterway is expanded. The nature of this impact is positive, the magnitude of impact is large and the impact significance is major. Improvement of work environment The existing conditions of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len sub-catchment area have little impacts on the industrial parks in the project area. However, pollution and flooding exert many influences on local small-scale businesses in terms of production, revenue, work environment as well as worker incomes and employment (World Bank 2014). The Project is expected to reduce flooding and pollution in the area and improve infrastructure conditions in the area, thereby contributing to improve the work environment, production, income and revenue of local small-scale businesses and casual workers. The improvement of infrastructure conditions will also attract more investment in the area, leading to further development of the industry and business sectors. The nature of this impact is positive, the type of impact is indirect, the magnitude of impact is moderate and the impact significance is moderate. Leisure and tourism One of the main impacts identified in the restoration of canals, is forecast to be leisure and tourism. According to Ho Chi Minh City Department of Tourism (2015), the city has focused on developing waterway tourism over the past two years. The boat tour on the Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe canal which had been restored under a project funded by World Bank, was launched by the city government in early September 2015. Similarly, the restoration of the Tham Luong – Ben Cat canal has the potential to generate high levels of recreational use. The canal-side areas will become open places for public gathering, sport and children playground. 195 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The previous environmental impact assessment report forecast that the revenue from economic, commercial, services and tourism would increase by 3-5% after completion of the project construction. The nature of this impact is positive, the extent is regional, and the magnitude of impact is major, as not only the local population but also people in the city also enjoy the restored canal as a new place for leisure. The impact significance is major. Increase in property prices Research from previous canal restoration projects such as Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe, Tan Hoa – Lo Gom and Tau Hu – Ben Nghe shows that the restoration canal projects have brought a life- changing event to thousands of households living along the canal when their houses suddenly become street-front, which significantly increases prices of their properties. In the route Tan Hoa - Lo Gom of Tan Phu District, many household owners are preparing to increase their rental prices by 10-15% from May 2015 with the reason that the streets have become more spacious and more convenient for transportation. It is expected that the restoration of Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len sub-catchment area will also increase the price of surrounding properties. The nature of this impact is positive. The magnitude of impact is moderate and the impact significance is moderate. Increase in business opportunities The restoration of the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len sub-catchment area is expected to open up new opportunities for home-based food businesses such as cafes, pubs and food stalls long the canal routes. This would provide local households with more opportunities for income generation, especially those whose houses become street-front. However, there is possibility that local businesses along the canal routes and their customers will not put garbage in the right places, causing pollution in the canal. The mitigation measure for this potential negative consequence will be proposed in the next part for mitigation measures. Overall, the nature of this impact is positive, the extent is local, and the magnitude of impact is moderate. The impact significance is moderate. 6.4. Social negative impacts Potential negative impacts are divided into two groups: impacts resulting from land acquisition and resettlement, and impacts other than those caused by land acquisition. 6.4.1. Land acquisition and resettlement impacts due to the project The implementation of the project require permanent land acquisition of 159,945 m2. This land area is under the land use right of 717 households and organizations, including 697 households, 196 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 10 companies and 10 other organizations (including ward level People's Committee) and is under the management of 15 wards and communes in the project area. The composition of acquired land is as follows: - Housing land: 24,205m2, accounting for 15.1%; - Agricultural land: 84,388m2, accounting for 52.8%; - Garden land: 18,094 m2, accounting for 11.3%; - Land for non-agriculture business (renting houses, local food store, etc): 9,457 m2 , accounting for 5.9%; - Catchment land: 18,645m2, accounting for 11.7%; - Other land (including land for transport and office buildings under state management): 23,801 m2, accounting for 14.9 %; The levels of impacts due to land acquisition are summarized as follows - There are 65 heavily affected households, in which 60 households are affected from 20% and 5 households are affected from 10% of their agricultural land (including garden land). - There are 481 affected households in terms of housing, in which 74 households are completely affected and 392 households are totally partly affected. Among these 299 households can renovate their houses and continue to live. - There are 157 affected household in terms of business, with 78/157 households having business registration. Of these, 2 households have income generate from business operation being completely affected. - There are 38 out of 697 affected households due to land acquisition identified to be in the vulnerable group. Among these, 17 are female household head with dependents, ethnic minorities 2 households, 2 are ethnic minorities, 7 are poor households, 8 are households under preferential treatment policies and 8 households with disabled people. The area of land acquisition and scale of influence to households and organization by administrative boundaries are shown in the following table: Table 6.7 The scale of the land acquisition by ward Land for Urban Other Ward/ Area/ Agricultural Garden Aquaculture non- No. housing Canal land Total district household land land land agricultural land type business m² 9,522 1,618 - - - 18,645 638 11,778 Go Vap I district household 303 21 - - - 8 424 1 Ward 5 m² 1,563 99 - - - - 94 1,756 197 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 household 77 7 - - - - 2 156 m² 290 - - - - - - 290 2 Ward 6 household 9 - - - - - - 9 m² 2,350 1,012 - - - - 505 3,867 3 Ward 13 household 7 7 - - - - 3 17 m² 516 404 - - - - - 920 4 Ward 14 household 5 4 - - - - - 9 m² 2,187 - - 18,645 - 2,178 5 Ward 15 household 33 - - - - 33 m² 1,243 103 - - - - 1,346 6 Ward 16 household 46 3 - - - - - 49 m² 1,373 - - - - - 39 1,412 7 Ward 17 household 126 - - - - - 3 129 m² 5,804 81,466 16,095 - 9,457 - 21,825 134,647 District II 12 household 34 113 9 - 2 - 10 168 m² 2,134 15,509 9,598 - 2,396 - 21,825 51,462 1 Thoi An household 24 6 3 - - - 10 43 m² 2,974 2,985 - - 7,061 - - 13,020 Thanh 2 Loc household 2 1 - - 2 - - 5 m² 470 1,788 6,371 - - - - 8,629 Thanh 3 Xuan household 5 7 5 - - - - 17 m² 226 61,184 126 - - - - 61,536 An Phu 4 Dong household 3 99 1 - - - - 103 Binh m² 3,603 1,147 1,999 - - - 1,119 7,868 III Tan district household 26 4 5 - - - 3 38 198 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 m² 3,459 951 1,999 - - - 1,119 7,528 An Lac 1 ward household 25 3 5 - - - 3 36 Binh m² 144 - - - - - - 144 Hung 2 Hoa household(1) 1 - - - - - - 1 ward Binh m² - 196 - - - - - 196 Hung 3 Hoa B household(1) - 1 - - - - - 1 ward Tan m² 5,276 157 - - - - 219 5,652 IV Binh district household 118 5 - - - - 6 129 m² 5,276 157 - - - - 219 5,652 1 Ward 15 household 118 5 - - - - 6 129 m² 24,205 84,388 18,094 - 9,457 18,645 23,801 159,945 Total household 481 143 14 - 2 - 27 759 Potential negative consequences resulting from land acquisition include: - Loss of sense of place due to physical displacement: Displaced households may find it hard to get adapted to the new neighborhood and potential conflicts with the new neighbors might occur. They may also need to find new schools for their children and travel longer distances to workplace; - Unemployment risks: In 2013, a survey conducted by Ho Chi Minh City Institute for Development Studies on livelihood of people who had been displaced to new areas for construction of new infrastructure projects showed that only 57.1% of people in the working age found a new job when they moved to the new place. They also encountered many challenges in their new places. This led to the situation in which thousands of apartments for resettlement were abandoned while people had to make both end meets for jobs and accommodation. The development of alternative livelihood strategies should be the preferred mitigation measure, maximizing all possibilities for involvement in employment. Results of the Social Economic Study (SES) conducted by the RAP consultant team shows that most households live in poor sanitary conditions and are subject to high risk of flooding. The SES survey also showed that some affected households who do not have legal document to be able to receive full compensation for land acquisition are largely households living on encroached land and catchment area. They are not eligible to be granted a land use right 199 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 certificate. Many of these households have income generated from activities on the affected land. The survey results also show that a great part of the affected population (34%) is doing some business activities, largely house or rooms for rent. 29% of the affected population due to land acquisition in the working age are unemployed or casual laborers.Of the 717 households affected by land acquisition, 60 households have over 20% of their productive land s impacted. The SES result show that in most cases, income loss per person ranges from 5 million VND to 80 million VND per month (data provided by the RAP consultant team). 6.4.2. Impacts other than those caused by land acquisition Impacts other than those caused by land acquisition include the followings: - Influx of temporary workers - Increase in traffic and safety hazards - Impacts on agriculture - Construction safety hazards Influx of temporary workers Based on the rough estimate of construction workers required for the project, it is anticipated that there will be a buildup of migrant construction workforce in the project area. These new residents may create a strain on community infrastructure, as well as creating social stresses due to changing patterns of social interaction. The local communities may have difficulties in responding to the increased demands on school, health facilities, housing and other social services. Further stresses may be created by resentments between newcomers and long-time residents. However, the influx of temporary workers during the construction phase of the project may create more demand for local services such as food and accommodation, thus creating more opportunities for local business arising from spending power of construction workers. As this impact creates both negative and positive consequences, the nature of this impact type is considered to be neutral. The magnitude of impact is medium, given the influx of workers is temporary. The vulnerability of household is medium and the impact significance is therefore Moderate. Increase in traffic and safety hazards Construction activities will lead to a significant increase in vehicular traffic. The project location stretches across 9 districts which are inhabited by a large population. During the construction phase, trucks constantly transporting construction materials in and out of the construction sites must go through roads in residential areas. The risks of accidents between construction vehicles and other vehicles are quite high. Increased traffic will also lead to the creation of dust and noise. 200 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Furthermore, the renovation of the roads along the Tham Luong canal, to some extent, will affect traffic in the area. Although the roads under renovation are not the main route with low traffic density, the prolonged construction process will present as traffic obstacles to local people, affecting their daily travel and their access to some social services The construction phase will also impede inland waterway transport in river sections under construction. In addition, as the construction process takes long time, the project owners should have arrange reasonable construction time to minimize negative impacts on waterway transport. The nature of this impact is negative, the magnitude of impact is medium, the vulnerability is medium and the impact significance is moderate. Impacts on agriculture During the construction phase, the water in the canal will be cut-off, causing water depletion. This will affect agricultural activities along the sub-catchment area. Agricultural land accounts for 30% (5,200 ha) of the project total area. Nevertheless, the proportion of households with incomes from agriculture in the project area is very low, accounting for only 0.51% in Go Vap District and 1.30% in District 12. Therefore the project construction will have negligible impact on agricultural activities. The nature of this impact is negative, the magnitude of impact is negligible, the vulnerability is low and the impact significance is minor. Construction safety hazards Occupational accidents may occur due to negligence or non-compliance with operation regulations. The probability of occurrence depends on how strictly workers follow regulations and safety rules. The level of impact ranged from personal injury to casualty. The causes of occupational accidents are:  Overwork causing dizziness, fatigue and faint;  During the rainy days, the possibility of occupational accidents may increase due to landslides, slippery ground, and electrical issues;  High piles of construction materials can endanger workers in case of spilling. Problems that may occur during construction include:  Electrical problems during the construction of power lines and electricity use during the construction project;  Fire accidents that might result from the use of combustible materials and from temporary houses of workers inside the construction site. Creation of haven for homeless people and possibility of social evils when the construction is finished 201 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Experiences from Tan Hoa – Lo Gom, Tau Hu – Ben Nghe and Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe indicate that the parks along the new restored canals can become a haven for homeless people and drug addicts which will possibly lead to the occurrence of many social evils and threaten local social security. The nature of this impact is negative, the type of impact is indirect, the extent is local, and the magnitude of impact is moderate. The impact significance is moderate. Mitigation measures will be proposed in the next part. 202 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 6.8 Social Impact Assessment Matrix Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Potential Impacts Nature Type Duration Extent Scale Frequency Magnitude Vulnerability Significance POTENTIAL POSITIVE IMPACTS Creation of employment Positive Direct Short-term Local Individual One-off Minor N.A Minor opportunities Increase in business opportunities in local Positive Indirect Short-term Local Household One-off Minor N.A Minor services Poverty reduction Positive Indirect Permanent Local Household Constant Large N.A Major Improvement of living Positive Direct Permanent Local Household Constant Large N.A Major conditions Improvement of Household infrastructure and Positive Indirect Permanent Regional Constant Large N.A Major level accessibility Improvement of work Household Positive Indirect Permanent Local Constant Medium N.A Moderate environment and business Household Leisure and tourism Positive Indirect Permanent Regional Constant Large N.A Major and business Increase in property Positive Indirect Permanent Local Household One-off Moderate N.A Moderate prices Increase in business Positive Indirect Permanent Local Household Often Moderate N.A Moderate 203 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 opportunities POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS Physical displacement of households Negative Direct Permanent Local Household One-off Medium High Major along the sub- catchment area Influx of temporary Neutral Direct Short-term Local Household One-off Medium Medium Moderate workers Increase in traffic and Negative Direct Short-term Local Individual One-off Medium Medium Moderate safety hazards Impacts on agriculture Negative Indirect Short-term Local Household One-off Negligible Low Minor Creation of haven for homeless people and Medium- Negative Indirect Local Individual Often Moderate Medium Moderate possibility of social term evils 204 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 6.5. Residual impacts For the purposes of this assessment, residual impacts are those that remain significant following the application of mitigation measures. The majority of impacts identified during the impact assessment can be reduced to low significance following the implementation of mitigation measures. However, impacts of physical displacement remain of moderate significance, even with mitigation, due to their permanent nature. As such, monitoring and management measures should extend throughout the life of the project in order to ensure that the quality of life of displaced persons is equal to or better than prior to displacement. 6.6. Recommended mitigation and enhancement measures This section identifies the mitigation measures for the anticipated negative impacts as well as enhancement measures for positive impacts where these are likely to occur. Each of these measures (to be implemented either at the pre-construction, construction or operational stage) are listed and then cost as appropriate in Section 7 of this report (the Environmental and Social Management Plan) and responsibilities for their implementation assigned. 6.6.1. Mitigation measures for negative impacts Physical displacement of households along the sub-catchment area The objective of the mitigation measure for physical displacement is to ensure that the quality of life of displaced households is equal to or better than prior to displacement. The physical displacement of households will require a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) (please see Annex 6 for a summary of the RAP) . The plan include compensation for structures and loss of assets and support with moving to a new location and establishing a new home. Alternative livelihood strategies developed as a mitigation measure to maximize all possibilities for involvement in employment opportunities are available. The establishment of appropriate training and skills development at an early stage will allow displaced people to benefit from employment opportunities in their new places, especially displaced people who are occasional workers. Poor and near-poor households in the displaced group should be provided with information about NGOs and organizations supporting poor people such as the Capital Aid Fund for Employment of the Poor (CEP) which is a non-profit Vietnamese microfinance institution that provides microfinance services to the poor and poorest, enabling them to begin and develop small businesses. A Income Restoration Plan (IRP) should be developed to ensure households are not left worse off following displacement. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish a grievance mechanism prior to project implementation to facilitate the resolution of affected community concerns and grievances, ensuring ongoing interaction with the community in order to build trust and maintain relationships throughout the life of the project. 205 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Influx of temporary workers The objective of the mitigation measure for influx of temporary workers is to reduce population influx, minimize the possibility of conflicts between workers and the local community and preserve social security in the area. To minimize the strain on community infrastructure and social stresses due to changing patterns of social interaction, positions for unskilled workers should preferably be employed from the local population to minimize population influx. Furthermore, a dispute prevention and management plan should be developed with an aim to manage conflict and bring about positive change through conflict resolution processes. This will be assisted by ongoing community engagement and stakeholder involvement throughout the process. In addition, the contracts for civil works should include legal covenant requiring priority to be given to local residents for project employment. Increase in traffic and safety hazards The objective of the mitigation measure for traffic and safety hazards is to maintain the health and safety of local population. A detailed health and safety plan must be developed to mitigate construction risks of the proposed project on the surrounding communities. This plan must take into consideration of the following: - Increased risk of traffic through built-up areas; - The risk that increased traffic volumes will pose to people; - Appropriate construction arrangement to minimize influences on inland waterway transport To minimize the risks of traffic congestion and accidents, it is recommended that the Investor will adopt a number of measures as follows: - Periodic inspection and maintenance of vehicles; in the event of dangerous incidents during the construction process, investor should not allow the use of these vehicles on the roads until the problem has been resolved; - Drivers of construction vehicles must be selected carefully, especially in terms of experience, age and level of understanding of traffic rules; - Drivers who fail to follow traffic rules will receive fines as regulated by law. In addition the Contractor will adopt disciplinary measures such as pay cut or redundancy. - Assignment of responsibilities in the implementation of measures to strictly control inland waterway transport; - Limit overloaded shipping boats; - Place traffic signs on the route; 206 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - Promote the use of lifeboats to minimize damage in the event of emergency and accidents; - Limit traffic flow during rush hours. In the event of traffic congestion and accidents within the project construction area, Investor should timely report the issue to relevant authorities. Impacts on agriculture Although the impact significance is minor, the affected households with main income from agricultural activities should be engaged in the development of alternative livelihood strategies. Creation of haven for homeless people and possibility of social evils This is an indirect induced impact and not easy to evaluate as homeless people can come from other areas in the city. The objective of the mitigation measure is to minimize the disturbance and threats that homeless people and drug addicts pose to the local people. It is important that there is enough security staff in the public parks along the canal area during day and night time to maintain security and prevent crime. Surveillance cameras should also be installed in public places to timely protect against property theft and prevent crime. 6.6.2. Enhancement measures for some positive impacts Creation of employment opportunities in construction phase The objective of the enhancement measure for this impact is local population are offered employment opportunities where possible. It is recommended that a "local labour" desk at the contractor offices should be established to identify a local labour pool. Information about recruitment of employers and workers for the project should be spread widely to local people. Skill development programs should be implemented to ensure support for local population in obtaining employment opportunities. Increase in business opportunities in operation phase The objective of the enhancement measure for this impact is to minimize pollution to the canals resulting from the local food and beverage businesses. It is the responsibility of the local authority and relevant units to regularly check whether restaurants and cafes allocate enough trash bins to dispose of wastes when customers need and whether there is enough toilets for customers. Restaurants and shops that perform well in doing this should be given some economic incentive. Leisure and tourism The objective of enhancement measures of this impact is to maximize its potential as a leisure place and for tourism development. 207 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The public areas along the sub-catchment area will become ideal places for public gathering and recreational activities. However, littering along the restored canals has become an issue in Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe, Tan Hoa - Lo Gom and Tau Hu - Ben Nghe. It is forecast that Tham Luong - Ben Cat - Nuoc Len sub-catchment area would face the same problem when the construction is finished. A real green, clean and beautiful Tham Luong - Ben Cat canal requires strong cooperation between the local authority and local communities in protecting the canal from untreated wastes. Local government can work with the retired and the elderly who have a reputation in the community to discourage people in the area from throwing garbage into the canal. Besides, placing additional trash bins and warning signs is another effective way to reduce throwing wastes down into the canal. The trash cans must always be kept clean and convenient for people to dispose of waste. People who fail to follow regulations should receive a fine. 208 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) Based on the assessment of the potential negative impacts discussed and the mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 5, this chapter presents the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the The project of ―Priority Flood Risk Reduction Investments in Tham Luong – Ben Cat –Nuoc Len (TLBCNL) sub-catchment” The EMP identifies actions to be carried out under the subproject to reduce and/or avoid impacts including the environmental monitoring program and the implementation arrangements, taken into account the need to comply with the Government‘s EIA regulations and the World Bank Group (WBG)‘s safeguard policies, including those of the World Bank Group‘s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines. A. Environmental management plan for component 7.1. Basic principles As a part of the EIA, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a safeguards instrument that is typically used in many projects and which consists of information on and guidance for the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. Typically in Vietnam, an EMP comprises a list of typical mitigation measures to be carried out by contractors, an environmental monitoring program, organization arrangements, and an estimated monitoring cost. There is a comprehensive regulatory framework in Vietnam related to EIA preparation, environmental standards, protection and management of forest and cultural property, and other aspects related to construction and operation of facilities and infrastructures in Vietnam. This EMP in consistent with these regulations. To facilitate effective implementation of the EMP, the PMU will: (a) Establish an Environment and Social Unit (ESU) responsible for ensuring timely implementation of the EMP, including monitoring, reporting, and capacity building related to safeguards; (b) Assign the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) to also be responsible for supervision of the contractor‘s safeguard performance as part of the construction contract and this requirement will be included in the CSC‘s terms of reference; and (c) Hire qualified national consultants as the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) to assist the ESU in performing its task. URENCO, and the Department of Transport will be responsible for implementation of the mitigation measures during the operation stage of the project and they will ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented and adequate budget is provided. The HCMC People Committee (PSC) chaired by the Chairman or Vice Chairman will provide the overall policy guidance and oversight of the project implementation. Roles and responsibilities of the specialized agencies and the Departments of Planning and Investment and Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) will also be critical. 209 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 In terms of laying out the mitigation measures of the EMP, there are two fundamental parts to this EMP. Firstly, the City has developed and will use Urban Construction Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs). These ECOPs outline typical generic low-level impacts that can be expected to occur in a wide range of construction activities of the project. They include mitigation measures for these impacts and a process for including them in the construction contracts of contractors. During the detailed design of technical specifications for each contract, the technical design consultant will incorporate into the contract the parts of the ECOPs specific to that contract, as well as the specific measures identified in the EMP. Secondly, all site-specific impacts that are either not covered in the general ECOPs or which are of an order of magnitude that require mitigation measures not covered in the ECOPs, are described in more detail in the EMP. The mitigation measures are derived from the more detailed analysis of Chapter 5. Activities to be carried out to mitigate impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement are presented separately (RAP and RPF) and they will be carried out and monitored separately. 7.2. Key mitigation measures for component 2 7.2.1. Urban Construction Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs) for Project Component 2 Types of impacts covered in this document are:  Dust generation;  Air pollution;  Impacts from noise and vibration;  Water pollution;  Drainage and sedimentation control;  Management of stockpiles, quarries, and borrow pits;  Solid waste management;  Management of dredged materials;  Disruption of vegetative covers and ecological resources;  Traffic management;  Interruption of utility services;  Restoration of affected areas;  Worker and public safety;  Communication with local communities. 210 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.1 Mitigation Measures Extracted From the Urban Works ECOPs applicable for Project Component 2 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation 1. Dust generation  The Contractor is responsible for compliance with relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to  QCVN 05: ambient air quality. 2009/BTNMT:  The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of dust is minimized and is not perceived as a nuisance National technical by local residents and shall implement a dust control plan to maintain a safe working environment and regulation on minimize disturbances for surrounding residential areas/dwellings. ambient air quality  The Contractor shall implement dust suppression measures (e.g. use water spraying vehicles to water roads, covering of material stockpiles, etc.) as required.  Contractual provisions to be included with all material suppliers (e.g. quarries and haulage contractors) to ensure that the above management measures are implemented throughout the supply chain.  Control speed limit of the trucks and other vehicles not to exceed than 10 km/h within the Project boundary;  Coordination of the construction schedule to minimize dust emissions during peak times of the construction phase throughout utilizing knowledge of meteorological conditions e.g. rainfall periods and prevailing wind patterns  Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust.  Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors.  Dust masks should be used by workers where dust levels are excessive  Develop and use of the grievance mechanism to record complains from affected stakeholders such that nuisance dust impacts can be identified and rectification measures implemented. 211 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation 2. Air pollution  All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations controlling allowable emission limits of exhaust  TCVN 6438-2005: gases. Road vehicles.  Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and get certified named: ―Certificate of Maximum permitted conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection” following emission limits of Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; exhaust gas.  There should be no burning of waste or construction materials (eg. Bitumen, etc.) on site.  No. 35/2005/QD-  Install wheel washing facilities at appropriate positions from the site entrance BGTVT on  Use low sulfur fuels for machinery and vehicle; inspection of quality,  Undertake scheduled maintenance to reduce fuel use and poor air quality. technical safety and environmental protection;  QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality 3. Impacts from  The contractor is responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to  QCVN noise and noise and vibration. 26:2010/BTNMT: vibration  All vehicles must have appropriate ―Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical National technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid regulation on noise exceeding noise emission from poorly maintained machines.  QCVN  When needed, measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels must be implemented and could include 27:2010/BTNMT: silencers, mufflers, acoustically dampened panels or placement of noisy machines in acoustically National technical 212 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation protected areas. regulation on  Avoiding or minimizing transportation though community areas and avoiding as well as material vibration processing areas (such as cement mixing). 4. Water pollution  The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese legislation relevant to  QCVN wastewater discharges into watercourses. 09:2008/BTNMT:  Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on site for construction workers. Wastewater from National Technical toilets as well as kitchens, showers, sinks, etc. shall be discharged into a conservancy tank for removal Standard on from the site or discharged into municipal sewerage systems; there should be no direct discharges to underground water any water body. Quality  Wastewater over standards set by relevant Vietnam technical standards/regulations must be collected in  QCVN a conservancy tank and removed from site by licensed waste collectors. 14:2008/BTNMT:  Make appropriate arrangements for collecting, diverting or intercepting wastewater from households to National technical ensure minimal discharge or local clogging and flooding. regulation on  Before construction, all necessary wastewater disposal permits/licenses and/or wastewater disposal domestic contract have been obtained. wastewater;  At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely  QCVN 24: disposed or effectively sealed off. 2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater;  TCVN 7222: 2002: General 213 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation requirements on centralized wastewater treatment plant; 5. Drainage and  The Contractor shall follow the detailed drainage design included in the construction plans, intended to  TCVN 4447:1987: sedimentation prevent storm water from causing local flooding or scouring slopes and areas of unprotected soil Earth works-Codes control resulting in heavy sediment loads affecting local watercourses. for construction  Ensure drainage system is always maintained cleared of mud and other obstructions.  Decree No.  Areas of the site not disturbed by construction activities shall be maintained in their existing 22/2010/TT-BXD on conditions. regulation of  Earthworks, cuts, and fill slopes shall be properly maintained, in accordance with the construction construction safety specifications, including measures such as installation of drains, use of plant cover.  QCVN  To avoid sediment-laded runoff that could adversely impact watercourses, install sediment control 08:2008/BTNMT – structures where needed to slow or redirect runoff and trap sediment until vegetation is established. National technical Sediment control structures could include windrows of logging slash, rock berms, sediment catchment regulation on quality basins, straw bales, storm drain inlet protection systems, or brush fences. of surface water  Site de-watering and water diversions: In the case that construction activities require that work be carried out within the watercourse (e.g. culvert or bridge crossing construction, retaining wall construction, erosion protection works), the work area must be dewatered to provide for construction in dry conditions. The sediment laden water pumped from the work area must be discharged to an appropriate sediment control measure for treatment before re-release to the stream.  Use techniques such as berming or diversion during construction to limit the exposure of disturbed sediments to moving water 214 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation  Stream diversions or construction of cofferdams would require site-specific mitigation measures in the EMP. 6. Management of  Large-scale borrow pits or stockpiles will need site-specific measures that go beyond those in these stockpiles, ECOPs. quarries, and  All locations to be used must be previously identified in the approved construction specifications. borrow pits Sensitive sites such as scenic spots, areas of natural habitat, areas near sensitive receptors, or areas near water should be avoided.  An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater.  Stockpile topsoil when first opening a borrow pit and use it later to restore the area to near natural conditions.  If needed, disposal sites shall include a retaining wall.  If the need for new sites arises during construction, they must be pre-approved by the Construction Engineer.  If landowners are affected by use of their areas for stockpiles or borrow pits, they must be included in the project resettlement plan.  If access roads are needed, they must have been considered in the environmental assessment. 7. Solid waste  Hazardous wastes are not covered by these ECOPs and would require specific mitigation measures.  Decree No. management  Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of bins, site clean-up schedule, 59/2007/ND-CP on bin clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by Contractors and it must be carefully followed during solid waste construction activities. management  Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses must be obtained.  Decision No.  Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter and negligent behavior with regard to the 23/2006/QD- disposal of all refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter bins, containers and BTNMT with list of 215 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation refuse collection facilities. hazardous substance  Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the Construction  Circular No. Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed 12/2011/TT- waste collector, for example, URENCO. BTNMT on  Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof. management of  No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur. hazardous substance  Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale.  If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses.  Chemical waste of any kind shall be disposed of at an approved appropriate landfill site and in accordance with local legislative requirements. The Contractor shall obtain needed disposal certificates.  The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances shall be performed and disposed of by specially trained and certified workers.  Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company.  Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by a specialized oil recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous waste site.  Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to 216 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation avoid any leakage or affecting workers. The local DONRE must be contacted for further guidance. 8. Management of  Large quantities of dredged materials, or materials that are contaminated would require mitigation  Decision No. dredged measures not covered in these ECOPs. 23/2006/QD- materials  Dredging plan should be established including time schedule, method statement to meet the BTNMT with list of requirements of traffic safety, public health and environmental sanitation. In order to ensure dredging hazardous substance that is consistent with environmental regulations, key decision makers (local authority, DONRE, utility  Decree No. company, CSC, etc.) must be involved and concur in each key decision point in the process leading to 59/2007/ND-CP on preparation and implementation of a plan. solid waste  Characteristics of sediment should be determined by sampling and analysis if not already fully management evaluated during the EIA. Dredge material that is contaminated would require special mitigation  Circular No. measures.. 12/2011/TT-  Ensure that dredged material management plans incorporate environmental considerations in the BTNMT on identification of short-term and long-term disposal alternatives, consider methods to reduce dredging, management of and maximize the beneficial use of dredged materials. hazardous substance  Lixiviate from dredged materials should not be allowed to enter watercourses without appropriate filtering or treatment.  Collected dredged materials have to be processed, as per Vietnamese regulations on waste collection, to ensure safe and environmentally secure transportation, storage, treatment and management.  Those involved in handling of dredged materials should be specialized and be certified.  Sanitary landfill site should meet technical requirements, based on level of potential contamination. In the case of disposal at a dumpsite, a hazardous cell may need to be constructed if dredged material is contaminated by heavy metals. 217 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation 9. Traffic  Before construction, carry out consultations with local government and community and with traffic  Law on traffic and management police. transportation No.  Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be covered in a construction plan previously 23/2008/QH12 approved. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as  Law on construction schools, hospitals, and markets. No. 16/2003/QH11  Installation of lighting at night must be done if this is necessary to ensure safe traffic circulation.  Decree No.  Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic movement, provide directions to various 22/2010/TT-BXD on components of the works, and provide safety advice and warning. regulation of  Employing safe traffic control measures, including road/rivers/canal signs and flag persons to warn of construction safety dangerous conditions.  Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hour.  Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside construction areas should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate access. Signpost shall be installed appropriately in both water-ways and roads where necessary. 10. Interruption of  Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas, power, internet services: the Contractor must  Decree No. utility services undertake prior consultation and contingency planning with local authorities about the consequences of 73/2010/ND-CP on a particular service failure or disconnection. administrative  Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish appropriate construction schedules. penalization security  Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions (at and society isues least 5 days in advance).  Interruptions of water supply to agricultural areas must also be avoided.  The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day. 218 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation  Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 11. Restoration of  Cleared areas such as borrow pits which are no longer in use, disposal areas, site facilities, workers‘  Law on affected areas camps, stockpiles areas, working platforms and any areas temporarily occupied during construction of Environment the project works shall be restored using landscaping, adequate drainage and revegetation. protection No.  Start revegetation at the earliest opportunity. Appropriate local native species of vegetation shall be 52/2005/QH11 selected for the planting and restoration of the natural landforms.  Spoil heaps and excavated slopes shall be re-profiled to stable batters, and grassed to prevent erosion;  All affected areas shall be landscaped and any necessary remedial works shall be undertaken without delay, including green-spacing, roads, bridges and other existing works  Trees shall be planted at exposed land and on slopes to prevent or reduce land collapse and keep stability of slopes  Soil contaminated with chemicals or hazardous substances shall be removed and transported and buried in waste disposal areas.  Restore all damaged road and bridges caused by project activities 12. Worker and  Contractor shall comply with all Vietnamese regulations regarding worker safety.  Decree No. public Safety  Prepare and implement action plan to cope with risk and emergency 22/2010/TT-BXD on  Preparation of emergency aid service at construction site regulation of  Training workers on occupational safety regulations construction safety  If blasting is to be used, additional mitigation measures and safety precautions must be outlined in the  Instruction No. 02 EMP. /2008/CT-BXD on  Ensure that ear pieces are provided to and used by workers who must use noisy machines such as safety and sanitation piling, explosion, mixing, etc., for noise control and workers protection. issues in 219 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation  During demolition of existing infrastructure, workers and the general public must be protected from construction falling debris by measures such as chutes, traffic control, and use of restricted access zones. agencies  Install fences, barriers, dangerous warning/prohibition site around the construction area which showing  TCVN 5308-91: potential danger to public people Technical regulation  The contractor shall provide safety measures as installation of fences, barriers warning signs, lighting on safety in system against traffic accidents as well as other risk to people and sensitive areas. construction  If previous assessments indicate there could be unexploded ordnance (UXO), clearance must be done  Decision No. by qualified personnel and as per detailed plans approved by the Construction Engineer. 96/2008/QD-TTg on clearance of UXO. 13. Communication  Maintain open communications with the local government and concerned communities; the contractor  Decree No. with local shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local wards or communes, leader of villages) for 73/2010/ND-CP on communities agreed schedules of construction activities at areas nearby sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g., administrative religious festival days). penalization security  Copies in Vietnamese of these ECOPs and of other relevant environmental safeguard documents shall and society issues be made available to local communities and to workers at the site.  Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields and car parking: The loss of amenities during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives.  Disseminate project information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc) through community meetings before construction commencement;  Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, project status and project implementation results; 220 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental – Vietnam Mitigation measure Social issues code/regulation  Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during project phase;  Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the project progresses;  Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner;  Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate;  Provide technical documents and drawings to PC‘s community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the EMP of the construction site; Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. 221 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 7.2.2. Site-specific Enviromental Impacts Table 7.2 presents site-specific impacts and mitigation measures that are not fully addressed through the application of ECOPs5. This may be because the impact is not a typical one and is not included in the ECOPs, because the severity of the impact goes beyond the scope of the mitigation measures in the ECOPs, or because simply of the very specific nature of the mitigation measure that is needed. Table 7.2 Site Specific Impacts and Mitigation Measures SUB-COMPONENT 1: CONSTRUCTION OF NUOC LEN TIDAL SLUICE GATE AND 2 SHIP LOCKS Pre-Construction Demolition of houses along the central road to be constructed in the site Impact: Mitigation: Ensure demolition work is carried out safely, in accordance with contract conditions Implementation Contract conditions, supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Construction Land clearance, including house, trees and other vegetation, undertaken Impacts indiscriminately, without reference to construction site boundaries, UXO, blocking the water flow of the Canal at construction site, contaminating surface water due to waste discharge (i.e. oil spill, run-off storm water, domestic wastewater, construction wastewater), marine traffic incidents (i.e. congestion, accident) at construction site, noise and vibration from the extensive pile driving required for constructing the tidal sluice gate and ship lock, dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works Mitigation:  Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts;  Ensure that there is no land clearance outside defined construction site boundaries;  Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to 5 ECoPs will be suitable for investments under Component 1 (hydromet network expansion; monitoring stations installation, etc.) 222 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 provides a construction plan that sets out how he will maintain the flow in the channel and protect the works from flooding during construction;  Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working at site to manage the waste generated from construction activities to prevent the contamination of water at area surrounding the construction site, to fully implement health and safety policy to prevent the any incidents affect to workers onsite and surrounding community;  Assigning the flagman to control the marine traffic flow through the construction site; and  Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. Implementation Contract conditions, supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Operation Impacts  Inadequate operation of tidal sluice gate affecting the tidal regimes of the Canal that can result flooding to the catchment, especially during the rainy seasons, and resulting traffic congestion/accidents to boat travel through the ship lock Mitigation:  Develop a scientific tidal sluice gate and ship locks operation that must be fully implemented by operation employees to ensure a minimizing impacts of flooding and controlling the traffic flow through the ship locks Implementation Infrastructure Operations and Maintenance Plan mechanisms: Responsibility: City Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: City SUB-COMPONENT 2: CONSTRUCTION OF VAM THUAT TIDAL SLUICE GATE AND 2 SHIP LOCKS 223 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Construction Land clearance, including house, trees and other vegetation, undertaken Impacts indiscriminately, without reference to construction site boundaries, UXO, blocking the water flow of the Canal at construction site, contaminating surface water due to waste discharge (i.e. oil spill, run-off storm water, domestic wastewater, construction wastewater), marine traffic incidents (i.e. congestion, accident) at construction site, noise and vibration from the extensive pile driving required for constructing the tidal sluice gate and ship lock, dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works Mitigation:  Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts;  Ensure that there is no land clearance outside defined construction site boundaries;  Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provides a construction plan that sets out how he will maintain the flow in the channel and protect the works from flooding during construction;  Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working at site to manage the waste generated from construction activities to prevent the contamination of water at area surrounding the construction site, to fully implement health and safety policy to prevent the any incidents affect to workers onsite and surrounding community;  Assigning the flagman to control the marine traffic flow through the construction site; and  Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. Implementation Contract conditions, supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Operation Inadequate operation of tidal sluice gate affecting the tidal regimes of the Canal Impacts that can result flooding to the catchment, especially during the rainy seasons, and resulting traffic congestion/accidents to boat travel through the ship lock Develop a scientific tidal sluice gate and ship locks operation that must be fully Mitigation: implemented by operation employees to ensure a minimizing impacts of flooding 224 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 and controlling the traffic flow through the ship locks Implementation Infrastructure Operations and Maintenance Plan mechanisms: Responsibility: City Fund source: City Monitoring: City SUB-COMPONENT 3: IMPROVEMENT/UPGRADING OF CANAL BANK REVETMENT IN THE MAIN CANAL OF TLBCNL CANAL Pre-Construction Demolition of houses along the central road to be constructed in the site Impact: Mitigation: Ensure demolition work is carried out safely, in accordance with contract conditions Implementation Contract conditions, supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Construction Impacts For dredging sludge and upgrading the embankment of the Canal, key site-specific impacts include risks due to UXO; odor and other contamination resulting from the excavation, transport, and disposal of approximately 1,778,701.45 m3 of wet sludge with a high organic; noise and vibration from the extensive pile driving required by the design for the channel protection works. For constructing the roads along the Canal, key site-specific impacts include risks due to land clearance, including house, trees and other vegetation, undertaken indiscriminately, without reference to construction site boundaries construction, traffic causing danger within the construction site and also to residential and other areas outside the site; vibration from construction equipment damaging buildings in close proximity to the construction site; and dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works. Mitigation: To mitigate impacts of dredging sludge and upgrading the embankment of the Canal, 225 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 following measures will be carried out by the PMU:  Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts;  Ensure that the detailed design for the canal rehabilitation works explicitly provides for all aspects of the sludge management process: excavation, transport in leak proof and covered trucks, and deposit into suitably prepared sites (landfills for material that testing shows is not contaminated beyond specified limits, and prepared sanitary landfills – for example the existing site at Da Phuoc Landfill – for material that is contaminated beyond specified limits);  In the case of dredged sludge transported to Da Phuoc Landill, the PMU needs to ensure a legal commitment between Da Phuoc Landfill, HCMC DONRE and PMU, whereby the Da Phuoc Landfill must ensure an availability of capacity for disposing the dredged sludge and construction waste.  Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of the channel in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues such as noise, air emission, wastewater and security;  Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provides a construction plan that sets out how he will maintain the flow in the channel and protect the works from flooding during construction; and  Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. To mitigate impacts of road construction of the Canal, following measures will be carried out by the PMU:  Ensure that the contractor prepares and implements a site specific environmental management plans (as required by the contract) for each aspect of the works – site clearance, earthworks, temporary and permanent drainage, pavement works, and traffic and site safety. Specifically, and addition to the general requirements set out in the ECOPs: o Ensure that there is no land clearance outside defined construction site boundaries; o Ensure that, from the commencement of construction, site drainage is a priority activity, to include channels, silt traps, flow abatement structures, etc.; o Ensure that borrow areas are developed, operated, closed, and restored in the same manner as earthworks sites for the project works, and that are subject to the same EMP and other contractual requirements; 226 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 o Ensure that temporary culverts are installed in any natural waterways that are to be crossed by construction traffic; o Ensure that equipment repair facilities, material stockpiles for example – are set up away from streams, residential areas, and other sensitive sites; o Ensure that all drivers, equipment operators, etc., are qualified for their respective tasks and are trained in, and required to adhere to, the site‘s traffic management plan; and o Ensure that all equipment are operated in appropriate manners; whereby they can reduce the impacts to surrounding environment and local people Implementation Contract conditions, specifications supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Operation Impacts  Re-contaminating the Canal by solid waste discharged by community and wastewater by the industrial parks, factories, commercial zones, building, restaurant and household.  Increasing air pollution from residents travel through the site and from dredging sludge  Increased traffic and pedestrian accidents, due to higher standard road allowing more and faster traffic  Premature failure of pavements, embankment slopes, and drainage structures due to inadequate maintenance  Failure of road pavements due to vehicle overloading Mitigation:  Developing and launching the campaign of increasing awareness of local community toward environment protection for the Canal  Closely monitoring the effluent of IP, factories and other business units and strictly imposing the financial penalty to any case of contaminating the water quality of the Canal  Ensure appropriate maintenance plan to avoid releasing the odour to the local community  Ensure the city‘s operations and maintenance plan, and related budget, includes the work and resources required to maintain the road in its as-completed condition  Ensure, with the assistance of the traffic control authority, that overloaded 227 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 vehicles do not use the road Implementation City operations and maintenance plan mechanisms: Responsibility: DONRE, CITENCO and City Road Maintenance Company Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: City SUB-COMPONENT 4: CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN INTERCEPTOR IN GO VAP DISTRICT Construction Canal upgrading works referred to above, including UXO, noise and vibration from Impacts the extensive pile driving required by the operation of tunnel boring machine, dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works. However, there will be impacts for traffic disruption and site safety issues where the interceptors need to be taken across roads in deep trenches Mitigation:  Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts;  Ensure an appropriate traffic management plan that will be committed to implement by the PMU and their subcontractors to minimize the traffic congestion at and surrounding project site;  Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of sewage pipes in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues and social issues.  Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provide a construction plan that sets out how the contactor will organize and maintain the EHS policy, schedule, workforces and facilities to complete the work within the requirement of EMP for this project proposed in Chapter 7; and  Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. Implementation Contract conditions, specifications supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU 228 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Operation Releasing odor to ambient air from the maintenance of sewer system, flooding can Impacts be happened due to the accumulation of sludge and solid waste in the sewage pipe network. Mitigation:  Developing the scientific maintenance program for sewer system and ensuring this program must be checked by related experts before entering implementation  Ensure the city‘s operations and maintenance plan, and related budget, includes the work and resources required to maintain the sewer system Implementation City operations and maintenance plan mechanisms: Responsibility: City Road Maintenance Company Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: City SUB-COMPONENT 5: CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS AND THE SECONDARY INTERCEPTOR IN GO VAP DISTRICT Construction Canal upgrading works referred to above, including UXO, noise and vibration from Impacts the extensive pile driving required by the operation of tunnel boring machine, dust and VOC (asphalt) emission from road construction works. However, there will be impacts for traffic disruption and site safety issues where the interceptors need to be taken across roads in deep trenches Mitigation:  Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts;  Ensure an appropriate traffic management plan that will be committed to implement by the PMU and their subcontractors to minimize the traffic congestion at and surrounding project site;  Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of sewage pipes in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues and social issues.  Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provide a construction plan that sets out how the contactor will organize and maintain the EHS policy, schedule, workforces and facilities to complete the work within the requirement of EMP for this project proposed in Chapter 7; and  Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal 229 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 working days. Implementation Contract conditions, specifications supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Operation Releasing odor to ambient air from the maintenance of sewer system, flooding can Impacts be happened due to the accumulation of sludge and solid waste in the sewage pipe network. Mitigation:  Developing the scientific maintenance program for sewer system and ensuring this program must be checked by related experts before entering implementation  Ensure the city‘s operations and maintenance plan, and related budget, includes the work and resources required to maintain the sewer system Implementation City operations and maintenance plan mechanisms: Responsibility: City Road Maintenance Company Fund source: City Monitoring: City SUB-COMPONENT 6: IMPROVEMENT OF SECONDARY CANALS (HY VONG, CAU CUT, BA MIENG, ONG TONG, ONG BAU, CHIN XIENG) Pre-Construction Demolition of houses along the central road to be constructed in the site Impact: Mitigation: Ensure demolition work is carried out safely, in accordance with contract conditions Implementation Contract conditions, supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit 230 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Construction Impacts UXO; odor and other contamination resulting from the excavation, transport, and disposal of wet sludge with a high organic Mitigation: To mitigate impacts of dredging sludge and upgrading the embankment of the Canal, following measures will be carried out by the PMU:  Clear the area before construction by qualified and licensed UXO clearance experts;  Ensure that the detailed design for the canal rehabilitation works explicitly provides for all aspects of the sludge management process: excavation, transport in leak proof and covered trucks, and deposit into suitably prepared sites (landfills for material that testing shows is not contaminated beyond specified limits, and prepared sanitary landfills – for example the existing site at Da Phuoc Landfill – for material that is contaminated beyond specified limits);  In the case of dredged sludge transported to Da Phuoc Landill, the PMU needs to ensure a legal commitment between Da Phuoc Landfill, HCMC DONRE and PMU, whereby the Da Phuoc Landfill must ensure an availability of capacity for disposing the dredged sludge and construction waste.  Ensure the contract for the works requires the contractor to prepare a plan for working in the densely habituated section of the channel in particular, to include how they will organize the works to minimize disruption to the traffic and community lives in term of environmental issues such as noise, air emission, wastewater and security;  Ensure also that the contract requires the contractor, before he commences work, to provides a construction plan that sets out how he will maintain the flow in the channel and protect the works from flooding during construction; and  Ensure that pile driving work is carried out only during daylight hours, on normal working days. Implementation Contract conditions, specifications supplementing those of the ECOPs mechanisms: Responsibility: Contractor Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: Supervision Consultant/PMU Operation 231 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Impacts  Re-contaminating the Canal by solid waste discharged by community and wastewater by the industrial parks, factories, commercial zones, building, restaurant and household.  Increasing air pollution from residents travel through the site and from dredging sludge Mitigation:  Developing and launching the campaign of increasing awareness of local community toward environment protection for the Canal  Closely monitoring the effluent of IP, factories and other business units and strictly imposing the financial penalty to any case of contaminating the water quality of the Canal  Ensure appropriate maintenance plan to avoid releasing the odour to the local community Implementation City operations and maintenance plan mechanisms: Responsibility: DONRE, CITENCO and City Road Maintenance Company Fund source: IDA Credit Monitoring: City 7.3. Key mitigation measures for component 1 As discussed elsewhere in this report, Component 1 impacts most especially during construction are anticipated to be small-scale in nature, and of shorter lifespan for each installation sites commensurate to the duration of the construction activities of each installations, and building requirements. Although information on location as well as area requirements are not available at this time, potential impacts can be predicted and these may include but not necessarily be limited to involuntary resettlement; and temporary impacts to ambient air, noise, water quality, soil and groundwater, waste, terrestrial ecology, and noise and vibration during its pre-construction, construction and operational phases. Most impacts are anticipated to be short-term and/or co-terminus with the construction activities. Some impacts are unavoidable but could be properly managed together with stricter and closer monitoring during construction by the PMU. During construction, occupational safety and health shall be also given primordial consideration. This shall be in compliance with international standards as well as the GoV‘ Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Following completion of construction activities, some impacts will sustain because of the operational and maintenance requirements of the project. 232 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.3 An indicative Impacts Management Plan for Component 1 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) 1. Pre-construction Phase Installation location Improperly located installations will Formulate installation site selection criteria SRHMC, SCFC Undetermined as identification and planning not maximize the full potential of data for additional stations; utilize existing and/or DONRE of this project acquisition and management stations currently being utilized; conduct phase baselining activities for each station to mitigate impacts associated with new installations; select the best locations with the least impacts. Property/land acquisition Ownership/tenurial conflicts Utilize public lands, and river easements as PMU Undetermined as much as possible; thoroughly verify of this project ownership documents with responsible phase government agencies if areas to be acquired for locations of ancillary facilities are privately-owned; compensate privately- owned lands in accordance with applicable Vietnamese Law. Planning and detailed Non-conforming and incompatible Verify with the responsible agencies; PMU and its Undetermined as engineering design plans and design with the land comply with local zoning and building laws Consultants where of this project use/zoning requirements of the project of the Vietnamese Government required phase location Permit acquisition Non-compliance and non-issuance of Identify, secure, and comply with all PMU and its Undetermined as approvals permitting requirements associated with the Consultants where of this project 233 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) project. required phase Procurement and selection Poor quality work or services that Strict monitoring of Contractor(s) PMU and its Undetermined as of civil works Contractor(s) might render the installations performance and compliance with Consultants where of this project inadequate in providing the required established minimum performance standards required phase data acquisition requirements. and specifications by SRHMC, SCFC and/or DONRE‘ Civil works Contractor(s), Non-observance of regulatory Provide a professional with experience in Civil Works Undetermined as Mobilization requirements including those relating the implementation of environmental, Contractor(s) and of this project to environmental management and occupational, health and safety Consultant as maybe phase occupational safety and health. requirements. required Housing requirement for transient Hire as many qualified locals within the workers and project management and immediate vicinity of the installation sites or support staff those living within a reasonable commuting distance; otherwise provide temporary bunkhouses on-site or rent houses in neighboring areas if housing requirements cannot be accommodated in the project site. Elevated purchases of local goods and Encourage patronage for local goods and Contractor(s) and services for the preparation of the services; priority of hiring will be those that Consultant construction staging are and project will be economically-displaced; hire as offices. many qualified locals within the immediate vicinity of the installation site or those 234 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) living within a reasonable commuting distance of the project site. Elevated air quality and noise level Use only properly maintained and third Undetermined as during mobilization of Contractor(s) party-inspected equipment; noise generating of this project equipment equipment to be provided with noise phase abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. 2.0 Construction Phase 2.1 Site preparation and Traffic build-up and congestion Formulate traffic management plan where Incorporated in the removal of materials and during hauling operations applicable; minimize the presence of parked Contractor(s) and civil works debris in each installation equipment that may disrupt traffic flow; Consultant construction site properly implement the traffic management budget plan. Removal of vegetation, structures and Minimize vegetation loss; modification other unnecessary obstructions; following established design considerations; Incorporated in the modification of topography and soil compliance with local zoning ordinances Contractor(s) and civil works disturbance; non-compliance with Consultant construction local zoning ordinances budget Contribution of sedimentation to Provide protection of stockpiles; minimize adjacent waterways/outfalls/sewer or stockpiling; keep stockpiles away from 235 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) drainage lines adjacent waterways; immediately stabilize excavated areas to minimize soil loss during downpours 2.2 Relocation of affected Disruption of services Coordinate with service providers; ensure utilities (where maybe proper notification of affected areas through applicable) the tri-media; restore services as quickly as possible; schedule disruptions during non- peak hours. 2.3 Equipment foundation Dust generation and re-suspension Regular watering services during dry excavations/preparation during dry construction days periods; minimize/clean spillages on the works ground; minimize exposure of stockpiles to wind by covering with appropriate materials. Construction activities shall follow the detailed engineering design plans Elevated concentration of air Re-route vehicular traffic on less congested pollutants related to traffic slow down roads; no prolonged parking for construction and congestion. vehicles in the road leading to the installation sites. Elevated noise level due to the use of Use only properly maintained and third machineries party-inspected equipment; noise generating equipment to be provided with noise 236 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. Construction accidents Provide primary medical services at construction site; arrange with the nearest hospital for emergency and tertiary medical services requirements; minimize by proper training/safety orientation; providing safety equipment observing traffic rules and regulations; providing appropriate warning signs, providing safety barriers to separate Incorporated in the Contractor(s) and pedestrian and vehicular traffic from civil works Consultant construction activities etc. construction Local employment generation Hire as many locals especially those that budget will be economically displaced by the project due to resettlement. 2.4 Structural; mechanical; Construction accidents Provide primary medical services at electrical; ICT; and water, construction site; arrange with the nearest sanitation, hospital for emergency and tertiary medical telecommunications, and services requirements; minimize by proper fire protection works (in training/safety orientation; providing safety facilities housing ICT equipment observing traffic rules and 237 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) installations) related to the regulations; providing appropriate warning equipment/instruments signs, providing safety barriers to separate installations and operations pedestrian and vehicular traffic from construction activities etc. Elevated concentration of air Re-route vehicular traffic on less congested pollutants related to traffic slow down roads; no prolonged parking for construction and congestion due to deliveries of vehicle in the road. construction materials and installation equipment/instruments. Elevated noise level due to the use of Use only properly maintained and third machineries party-inspected equipment; noise generating Incorporated in the equipment to be provided with noise Contractor(s) and civil works abatement attachments such as mufflers; Consultant construction work area properly barricaded with high budget walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. Contribution of sedimentation to Provide protection of stockpiles; minimize adjacent water bodies/outfalls/sewer- stockpiling; keep stockpiles away from drainage lines waterways; stabilize excavated areas immediately to minimize soil loss during downpours Local employment generation Hire as many locals especially those that 238 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) will be economically displaced by the project. 2.5 Finishing works related Construction accidents Provide primary medical services at to the construction site; arrange with the nearest equipment/instruments hospital for emergency and tertiary medical installations and operations services requirements; minimize by proper training/safety orientation; providing safety equipment observing traffic rules and regulations; providing appropriate warning signs, providing safety barriers to separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic from construction activities etc. Elevated concentration of air Re-route vehicular traffic on less congested pollutants related to traffic slow down roads; no prolonged parking for construction and congestion. vehicle in the road. Elevated noise level due to the use of Use only properly maintained and third machineries party-inspected equipment; noise generating equipment to be provided with noise abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. 239 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) Local employment generation Hire as many locals especially those that will be economically displaced by the project. 2.6 Testing and Hiring of non-qualified technical and Formulate hiring eligibility requirements; commissioning of the scientific staff advertise available positions and PMU, SRHMC, SCFC Incorporate in the equipment/instruments requirements; select the most appropriate and/or DONRE budget and highly qualified staff meeting the hiring eligibility requirements. Exposure to accidents; equipment Formulate a Health, Safety and malfunction Environment Manual or Plan prescribing organizational and resource requirements, as well as compliance with Vietnamese Government Occupational Safety and Health Standards; hire qualified staff; comply with international standards in the absence of specific requirements; work areas where testing shall be done shall be properly barricaded and provided with warning signs to keep nearby residents from venturing into the work areas; follow manufacturer‘ manual of instructions. 2.7 Construction debris Dust generation; elevated Cover debris during transport operations; re- Contractor(s) and Incorporated in the disposal and management concentration of air pollutants related route transport traffic on less congested Consultant civil works (demobilization of to traffic slow down and congestion roads; no prolonged parking for construction construction 240 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) Contractor) during loading, transport, and vehicle in the road. budget unloading to the disposal site. Use only properly maintained and third Elevated noise level at the debris and party-inspected equipment; noise generating disposal sites due to the use of equipment to be provided with noise machineries and transport vehicles abatement attachments such as mufflers; work area properly barricaded with high walled fence; workers working with noise generating equipment provided with ear muffs. Non-availability of disposal sites Coordinate with land owners or companies requiring reclamation/ fill materials; Incorporated in the coordinate with PCs with regard to Contractor(s) and civil works approved disposal sites within their Consultant construction territory; coordinate with national budget government agencies that have on-going reclamation activities Traffic congestion Formulate traffic management plan; re-route Incorporated in the transport operations in less congested roads; Contractor(s) and civil works coordinate with PCs in regard to traffic Consultant construction management requirements budget 3.0 Operation Phase 3.1 Installation operation Accidents Arrange with the nearest hospital for SRHMC, SCFC Incorporate in the and maintenance emergency and tertiary medical services and/or DONRE project budget 241 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) requirements; minimize by proper training/safety orientation; providing safety equipment Equipment (field and data processing) Prepare preventive maintenance schedule; malfunction identify and repair causes of malfunction Power interruption Provide backup generator; identify and repair cause of failure; prepare preventive maintenance schedule; report power loss to Service Provider. Telecommunications (SCADA) Identify and repair cause of failure; report disruption telecommunications loss to Service Provider. Fire protection system disruption in Provide backup systems; identify and repair the data management center cause of failure; prepare preventive (Operation Center) maintenance schedule; report failure to fire protection installation company. Water Supply disruption in the data Provide backup water storage system; Incorporate in the management center (Operation prepare preventive maintenance schedule; SRHMC, SCFC project budget Center) report water interruptions with the Service and/or DONRE Provider 242 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Project Phase/Environment Aspect (Project Activity Options for Prevention or Mitigation or Potential Impact Responsible Entity Cost Which will Likely Impact Enhancement the Environmental Component) Formulate a human resource management Technical and scientific staff turnover plan; provide training and educational scholarships with fixed tenure bonding as may be allowed under Vietnamese regulations (i.e. for every year of scholarship, the staff will stay for 3 years of service. Otherwise, staff will pay for the full cost of the scholarship expenses.); provide industry-competitive salaries and incentives. 3.2 Field data acquisition, Poor quality data acquired; inaccurate Formulate field data acquisition protocols; SRHMC, SCFC Incorporate in the data processing and information generated for policy- and provide training to staff; provide quality and/or DONRE project budget information management decision-making control checks 243 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 7.4. Environment Monitoring Program 7.4.1. Objective and Approach Main objective of the Environment Monitoring program is to ensure that (a) the potential negative impacts of the project are minimized; (b) the EMP is effectively implemented; and (c) the EMP is adequate to mitigate the potential negative impacts. Given that monitoring the implementation of the RP will be conducted separately, the environmental monitoring program will comprise (a) monitoring the safeguard performance of the contractor during site clearance and construction, (b) environmental quality monitoring, (c) monitoring effectiveness of the EMP. 7.4.2. Monitoring of Contractor‟s Safeguard Performance Three levels of safeguard monitoring will be implemented: routine monitoring, periodic monitoring, and community monitoring as follows: – Routine monitoring: The routine monitoring will be made by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) as assigned by PMU. The CSC will include the monitoring results in the project progress reports; – Periodic monitoring (every six months): As part of the overall monitoring of the EMP, the ESU assisted by the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) will also monitor the contractor performance every 6 months and the results will be reported to the PMU and the WB; – Community monitoring: Monitoring by local communities will be conducted following the Government practices with the technical and management support from the PMU. 7.4.3. Environmental Quality Monitoring of Component 2 To ensure an acceptable level of environmental quality, monitoring of dust, noise, vibration, air quality, and water quality will be made at project specific locations that are likely to be significantly affected by the construction activities, or requested by local authorities and communities for specific purposes. ESU/IEMC will be responsible for the monitoring of the program. Below is a list of the key issues and scope of monitoring that will be considered in the implementation of the monitoring program: – Implementation of the Dredge Material Management Plan (DMMP) for all sludge and similar material excavated from the project work sites: Amount, level of heavy metals, locations and performance at disposal sites, and impacts on local residents will be monitored. Outline DMMPs will be prepared during detailed design, and will be used as the basis for contractors‘ dredged materials management plans; – General Construction Impacts: To include local flooding; traffic management especially in residential areas; air, noise, and dust levels in residential areas; and water quality upstream 244 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 and downstream of construction sites, with specific attention paid and impact on local residents; – Others: As agreed with local agencies and communities during the preparation of the monitoring program. Tables 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, and 7.7 provide general guidance on the monitoring program and estimated cost considering that the activities will be carried out before construction (project baseline environment), during construction (assumed 4 years), and during the first year of operation. Detailed monitoring programs will be prepared during the detailed design stage. An estimated cost for monitoring is incorporated into the EMP cost (Section 6.6). Many of these measurements are required by Vietnamese regulations and would need to be done even if not directly related to expected project impacts. Table 7.4 Scope of environmental monitoring during construction of component 2 No. Monitoring items Before construction Construction Phase Standards I Air quality 1. Parameters Temperature, Wind Temperature, Wind QCVN velocity, Humidity, velocity, Humidity, 05 :2009/BTNMT, Particulates (dust), Particulates (dust), QCVN Noise, Pb, NH3, Noise, Pb, NH3, 06:2009/BTNMT SO2, NO2, CO, H2S, SO2, NO2, CO, H2S, VOCs. VOCs. 2. Frequency 1 location/day Once per 3 months 3. Location Baseline environmental locations should be established in line with the construction sites at the time of monitoring II Surface water/waste water quality monitoring pH, Hardness, pH, Hardness, QCVN Chromaticity, TDS, Chromaticity, TDS, 08:2008/BTNMT; Cl-, F-, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, F-, NO2-, NO3-, QCVN SO42-, Fe, As, Cd, SO42-, Fe, As, Cd, 14:2008/BTNMT; 1. Parameters Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, QCVN Coliform, DO, Coliform, DO, 24:2009/BTNMT BOD5, COD, BOD5, COD, Turbidity, E.Coli, Oil Turbidity, E.Coli, Oil and Grease. and Grease. 2. Frequency 1 location/day Once per 03 months 3. Location Baseline environmental locations should be established in line with the construction sites at the time of monitoring III Groundwater 245 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 No. Monitoring items Before construction Construction Phase Standards pH, Hardness, pH, DO, Turbidity, Chromaticity, TDS, QCVN Salinity, SS, BOD5, Cl-, F-, NO2-, NO3-, 08:2008/BTNMT; COD, NO2-, NO3-, SO42-, Fe, As, Cd, Pb, QCVN 1. Parameters PO43-, Cr, Hg, Oil Cu, Zn, Mn, Coliform, 14:2008/BTNMT; and Grease, E. Coli, DO, BOD5, COD, QCVN Colifform. Turbidity, E.Coli, Oil 24:2009/BTNMT and Grease. 2. Frequency 1 location/day Once per 03 months 3. Location Baseline environmental locations should be established in line with the construction sites at the time of monitoring VI Dredged sludge: If required as indicated in the dredge material management plan 1. Parameters Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As QCVN 2. Frequency As needed As needed 03:2008/BTNMT Baseline environmental locations should be established in line with 3. Location the construction sites at the time of monitoring V Aquatic Plankton and Benthos Species, Species, Communities and Communities and 1. Parameters Diversity, and Diversity, and NA Counts per cubic Counts per cubic metre, fish metre, fish 2. Frequency As needed As needed Baseline environmental locations should be established in line with 3. Location the construction sites at the time of monitoring 246 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.5 Estimated number for soil, water, and air sampling and analysis for environmental monitoring during construction Construction Items Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Component 4 Component 5 Component 6 Total time of Construction 24 months 24 months 48 months 18 months 48 months 24 months Waste/Surface water sample (1 time) 20 20 20 20 20 20 Sludge sample (1 time) 24 24 24 24 24 24 Air sample (1 time) 11 11 11 11 11 11 Groundwater (1 time) 8 8 8 8 8 8 Total monitoring Times 8 8 16 6 16 8 Total surface water samples 160 160 320 120 320 160 Total sediment samples 192 192 384 144 384 192 Total groundwater samples 64 64 128 48 128 64 Total air samples 88 88 176 66 176 88 Note: Component (i): Construction of Nuoc Len tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks, (ii) Construction of Vam Thuat tidal sluice gate and 2 ship locks; (iii) Improvement and upgrading of canal bank revetment in the main canal of TLBCNL Canal; (iv) Construction of main interceptor in Go Vap district; (v) Construction and improvement of primary and secondary combined sewer systems and the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district; (vi) Improvement of secondary canals (Hy Vong, Cau Cut, Ba Mieng, Ong Tong, Ong Bau, Chin Xieng). 247 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.6 Estimated cost for samples collection and analysis No Content Unit Quantity Price (VND) Total (VND) Total (USD) 1 Water sample Sample 1240 5,000,000 6,200,000,000 Sample 2 Sludge sample 1488 5,000,000 7,440,000,000 Sample 3 Air sample 682 3,500,000 2,387,000,000 4 Groundwater Sample 496 3,500,000 1,736,000,000 Total 17,763,000,000 796,547.1 Total cost (after being rounded-up) 800,000 7.4.4. Environmental Quality Monitoring of Component 1 The environmental monitoring plan prepared for this project as shown in Table 7.6 is highly indicative and shall be treated as general guidance only. A monitoring program will be further prepared in detail and shall be based on the assessment of the individual installation site requirements prior to the commencement of pre-construction, construction, and operation responsibilities. The primary purpose of the monitoring, validation and evaluation/audits is to ensure that sound environmental management occurs. Specifically, it aims to ensure the following:  Compliance with the conditions set in DONRE‘ requirements;  Compliance with the EMP;  Effectiveness of environmental measures on prevention or mitigation of actual project impacts compared with the predicted impacts used as basis for the EMP design; and  Continual updating of the EMP for sustained responsiveness to project operations and project impacts. 248 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.7 Environmental Monitoring Program for Component 1 Annual Responsible Key Environmental Aspects Parameter to be Sampling and Measurement Plan Estimated Potential Impact Entity per Project Phase Monitored Cost Method Frequency Location 1. Pre-construction Phase Each of the individual Undertermi Improperly located Selection installation PMU, SRHMC, ned but installations will not Appropriate 1.1 Installation location criteria and During sites and SCFC and should be maximize the full potential location for the identification and planning field planning their DONRE included in of data acquisition and stations validation alternatives the Project management if there are Cost any. Lands Inspection and Office of the 1.2 Property acquisition Ownership conflict Property Title Once verification Vietnamese Government From Due project Design/cons 1.3 Planning and detailed Non-conformance to diligence/Clie Design standards concept to ultant‘s Incorporate engineering design standards nt Quality PMU final office d in Project Control acceptance Cost Due Non-compliance to Regulatory diligence/Clie Each Regulatory 1.4 Permit acquisition regulations requirements nt Quality application Offices Control 1.5 Procurement and selection of Pre- During PMU Competence Track record Contractor(s) qualification selection Offices 249 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Annual Responsible Key Environmental Aspects Parameter to be Sampling and Measurement Plan Estimated Potential Impact Entity per Project Phase Monitored Cost Method Frequency Location requirements process Applicable Vietnamese Ambient Air Quality TSP, Sox, NOx, Regulations and Standards 1.6 Contractor(s) Mobilization Noise meter- Noise Noise level (dBA) direct Once prior Installation measurement to civil Sites Size of temporary Engineer‘s works Housing requirements accommodation estimate Head count from Employment Number hired employee roster 2. Construction Phase 2.1 Site preparation and removal Applicable Once of materials and debris in each Vietnamese during the Ambient Air Quality TSP, Sox, NOx, installation site Regulations on-going and Standards civil work Incorporate Visual Installation Contractor(s) and Dust Generation TSP Daily d in Project Observation Sites Consultant(s) Cost Noise meter Prior to Noise level (dBA) Noise measurement civil works Monthly Number hired Employment generation Head count from 250 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Annual Responsible Key Environmental Aspects Parameter to be Sampling and Measurement Plan Estimated Potential Impact Entity per Project Phase Monitored Cost Method Frequency Location employee roster Daily Siltation Turbidity level Visual during the activity 2.2 Relocation of affected Daily Duration of Actual utilities (where maybe Service disruption during the disruption observation applicable) disruption 2.3 Equipment foundation Ambient Air Quality TSP, Sox, NOx, Applicable Quarterly excavations/preparation works Vietnamese during the Regulations work 2.4 Structural; mechanical; and Standards electrical; ICT; and water, Visual Daily Incorporate sanitation, telecommunications, Dust Generation TSP Observation d in Project and fire protection works (in Noise meter – Quarterly Cost facilities housing ICT Noise Noise level (dBA) direct during the installations) related to the measurement work equipment/instruments installations and operations Head count Monthly Employment generation Number hired from 2.5 Finishing works related to the employee equipment/instruments roster installations and operations Accidents and exposure Number Headcount Daily 2.6 Testing and commissioning of the equipment/instruments Debris disposal Volume and Truckload Daily 251 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Annual Responsible Key Environmental Aspects Parameter to be Sampling and Measurement Plan Estimated Potential Impact Entity per Project Phase Monitored Cost Method Frequency Location number of count 2.7 Construction debris disposal truckloads and management (demobilization transported of Contractor) Wastewater discharges Volume Truckload Daily discharged to count or adjacent volumetric waterways measurements 3. Operation Phase Accidents Number and kind Equipment malfunction Power and Telecommunications failure Duration (length Fire protection system of time) malfunction Incorporate Obstructed egress/ ingress d in the due to flood and vehicle operation 3.1 Installation operation and Oral and Per Installation SRHMC, SCFC obstruction and maintenance written report occurrence Sites and/or DONRE Water Supply maintenanc Volume Malfunction/Failure e cost Uncollected debris provision Number and Sex Distribution Sustained employment opportunity 252 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Annual Responsible Key Environmental Aspects Parameter to be Sampling and Measurement Plan Estimated Potential Impact Entity per Project Phase Monitored Cost Method Frequency Location Technical and Scientific Staff Turnover 3.2 Field data acquisition, data Poor quality data acquired; Daily for processing and information inaccurate information Automated data management generated for policy- and and semi- gathering; decision-making automated as requested Rainfall volume; data gathering; for Data flood and tidal computerized processed Managemen Incorporate heights; area SRHMC, SCFC data information t Center d in project affected; mapping and/or DONRE processing and to be used (Operation cost information modelling in policy- Center) produced using and available decision- softwares making purposes 253 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 7.4.5. Monitoring Implementation Performance of DMMP To ensure that dredging, transportation, and disposal activities will not create adverse impacts on local residents and environment, a guideline for preparation and monitoring of the DMMP is provided in box below. Accordingly, the detailed design will include a comprehensive testing program and the development of a DMMP, reflecting the guidelines below as appropriate. A guideline for preparation and monitoring of a DMMP Main environmental and social issues related to contaminated dredge materials are: (a) Pollution during the transport of the dredged soil from the dredging site to the disposal area; (b) Potential increase in turbidity and pollution of the water in the canals during dredging; (c) Odor and other disturbance to local residents; (d) and Potential misuse of the contaminated dredged materials for public infrastructure and households. To facilitate the preparation of a DMMP given that the activities will be carried out in an existing water body that may be used by other water users, the following aspects should also be considered:  Assessing the quality of the sediments. The assessment will be carried out to confirm that the sediments will not include large amount of environmentally harmful materials such as heavy metals and/or other toxic substance. If these materials are found to be more than the thresholds stipulated by the national standards, a special disposal plan should be prepared with a monitoring plan. The special disposal plan should also set out a program to protect the nearby community residents from using the disposed dredged materials for house construction or gardening. The bottom sediment/sludge samples will be undertaken for analysis for key pollutants according to the national standards. The sampling and analytical methods should be in line with the Government regulations while the sampling locations will depend on the risk level for each specific site: Volume of Spoils in cubic m No of Sediment Samples Up to 25,000 3 25,000 to 100,000 4-6 100,000 to 500,000 6-10 500,000 to 2,000,000 10-20 For each 1,000,000 above 2,000,000 Additional 10  Identifying the available land for disposing the dredged materials. The plan should identify the landfill sites and/or land that could be appropriate for the disposal of dredged materials in line with the level of risk associated with it. Public land, land for construction of rural roads, public works, private land, etc. may be used, with an agreement with the project affected 254 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 households. If the risk due to contamination of sludge is high the sludge materials will be disposed of at Da Phuoc sanitary landfill which has been in operation.  Preparing for a dredging and transportation plan. Dredging procedures and transportation plan will be prepared outlining: (a) methods of dredging (pipeline, water pumping before digging, etc.) and uploading to the disposal area and/or transportation vehicles, and/or temporary storage site. If trucks are used, indicate proposed route of the transport from the dredged site to the disposal area, (b) time of operation, (c) type of vehicles/trucks and proposed measures to reduce the leakage of the dredged materials from the transport trucks, (d) contractors‘ responsibilities for cleaning the roads and carry out remedial works if necessary, and (e) a communication plan for the nearby communities including contact number for possible complaints.  Temporary storage/disposal for uncontaminated sediment/mud. As the dredged materials are in the state of mud at first before settled for 24 to 48 hours. All drainage water from disposal land shall be driven to the drains and discharged back to the canal. For areas with highly contaminated with organic material and create odor, dredge material/sludge should be hauled by close tanker outside the construction site as soon as possible. For bottom sediment with low contamination of organic materials, the dredged sediment will be transported to a containing area which is appropriately located and properly design with an adequate size. A monitoring plan for tracking the disposal of high contaminated materials will also be prepared.  Identifying key area and/or receptacles (business, schools, public services, etc.) that are sensitive to dredging and transportation. The DMMP shall carry out an inventory analysis on the possible affected local businesses, access to water, and transportation (mainly due to the dredging) and provide a plan to mitigate and/or compensate for the disturbances. The plan should include all measures necessary to avoid impacts on local transportation and water supply access to local residents as much as possible.  Identify other key water users. If dredging occur in water bodies (such as lakes, rivers/stream) where there are potential other water users that may be affected by dredging, prepare a water quality monitoring plan with specific stations and parameters that could be used to monitor the potential impacts to the water users. Priority should be given to monitor the areas that are sensitive to change in water quality (high suspended solid (SS), low pH, high BOD or COD, high salinity, etc.) especially where the water is used as a source of water supply for domestic and agricultural uses. In areas where dredging may cause negative impacts to these water users, respective subproject owner is required to inform/consult them and develop a series of actions to address their concerns, including conduct water quality monitoring in the DMMP. 255 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 7.5. Monitoring effectiveness of the EMP The ESU assisted by IEMC will monitor performance of the EMP implementation during the detailed design/bidding stage as well as during construction and first year operation of the facilities to ensure that (a) appropriate dredging and disposal of drainage sludge is properly carried out, in accordance with the DMMP, 9b) other impacts identified in the EMP are effectively managed and mitigated; and (c) traffic management is adequate and the level of impacts are acceptable (no complaints or outstanding cases. Results/are to be properly kept in the project file for possible review by PMU and the WB. Cost for the monitoring will be part of the PMU cost. 7.5.1. Organization Arrangement Table 7.6 and Figure 7.1 below summarizes roles and responsibilities of the key parties and their relationships regarding the implementation of the EMP while those for the PMU, CSC, and IEMC are highlighted below while more details are provided in Section 7.4.2. – Contractors are responsible for implementing mitigation measures. Measures will be included in bidding documents and costs are to be included in construction bids; – CSC is responsible for monitoring the day-to-day implementation of mitigation measures. Cost included in CSC service contract; – IEMC will be responsible for environmental monitoring which includes support to the PMU for implementing supervision and monitoring, and reporting on the implementation through monitoring reports. (1a (1b WB )) ) DONRE PMU (1c City Sub- ) DONRE PMU‟s Environmental Staff (s) (2a (3a (4a ) (2c ) (4c ) ) ) (5) CSC Contractor Communities (2b (3b (4b ) ) ) IEMC Figure 7.1 Organization Diagram for the EMP Implementation. 256 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.8 Roles and responsibilities of key parties (Description referred to Figure 7.1) Description Roles/Responsibilities Based on quarterly reports of IEMC, PMU is responsible for preparing periodic (1a) (1b) reports to submit to WB and to the City DONRE. PMU assigns the safeguard staff (ESU) to review and check the related sections in the Contract Documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the project to ensure compliance with EMP PMU assigns the safeguard staff (ESU) to supervise, manage and carry out EMP (1c) activities and also assigns CSC to closely supervise/monitor safeguard performance of the contractor, including undertaking the environmental monitoring program. PMU/ESU establishes a hotline communication with local community to be responsive to the complaints, comments, and/or recommendations from local people and/or the public throughout the site clearance and construction period. CSC submits periodic monitoring report of environmental mitigation measures to PMU; Recommends to the PMU to suspend in part or completely, construction works if it does not meet labor safety and environmental protection requirements of (2a) the contract. PMU reviews CSC‘s periodical reports to ensure compliance with mitigation measures. CSC: Support, collaborate with IEMC to establish, collect and point out information about essential environmental parameters in the field and information for construction implementation; IEMC: Monitor the implementation of the EMP every 3 months including (2b) submission of the field report. Create database of results from environmental supervision and monitoring and train PMU in using such database Coordinate with CSC on monitoring and preparation of safeguard reports on EMP performance; enhance capacity for CSC through a training program on environmental supervision Contractor: Before construction, with assistance from IEMC, prepare a site-specific environment management plan (SEMP) during site clearance and construction process as part of their construction method statement, then submit it to CSC and/or PMU for review and approval; During construction, the contractor has to submit a (3a) monthly report on safeguard issues, mitigation, and results throughout the construction period. In case of unexpected problem, the contractor will consult CSC/PMU. PMU/CSC: reviews the SEMP and can propose change as deemed necessary to be 257 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Description Roles/Responsibilities in line with the legal obligations as well as appropriate to each specific site. Daily supervision and monitoring of contractor‘s safeguard performance will be responsibility of the CSC. Contractor: Carry out the EMP required during site clearance and construction, including conduct self-monitoring and submission of report. (3b) IEMC: periodically supervise and monitor the overall project EMP implementation including provision of safeguard training to PMU/ESU staff, community, CSC, and contractors as needed. The training will be designed to enhance the effectiveness of the EMP implementation and reporting. Community: According to Vietnamese practice, the community has the right and responsibility to routinely monitor environmental performance during construction to ensure that their rights and safety are adequately protected and that the mitigation measures are effectively implemented by contractors and/or PMU. In (4a) case of unexpected problems, they will report to CSC/PMU and/or call the hotline. PMU: Encourage, support and create good conditions for local community to participate in the environmental supervision and monitoring activities. PMU/CSC will review and response to the requests and/or recommendations made by community to ensure that the potential negative impacts are adequately mitigated. Community: Support and collaborate with IEMC during periodic monitoring and provide inputs to the overall safeguard issues that require attention and/or mitigation. IEMC: Strengthen local community‘s capacity and relevant agencies thr ough (4b) preparation of relevant documents necessary for monitoring, supervision, and reporting including preparation of a database for the activities. IEMC: assist PMU and communities for the implementation of Information- Education-Communication (IEC) activities within Component 4 with regard to environmental hygiene, sanitation, road safety, etc. IEMC supports PMU/ESU to implement the EMP in line with Government‘s environmental regulations as well as the WB safeguard policies. In consultation with DONRE, IEMC will establish specific environmental monitoring program for (5) the project to be implemented by CSC at key locations as shown in detailed design documents. PMU is responsible for preparation of the 6-month progress reports to be submitted to WB and DONRE, based on quarterly reports submitted by IEMC. 258 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 7.5.2. Specific Responsibilities of PMU, CSC, and IEMC Project Management Unit (PMU) – PMU is responsible for implementing the EMP during the detailed design and construction stages. EMP implementation during operation stage is the responsibility of the facilities operators. PMU will set up an Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) to ensure timely and effective implementation of the EMP, including preparation of reports on safeguard compliance as required by Government and WB. – PMU/ESU is responsible for ensuring that the related sections in the Contract Documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the project are in compliance with the EMP. – PMU/ESU is responsible for communicating with relevant local, provincial and national departments; and with parties responsible for implementing and supervising EMP, especially with the provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) and the concerned wards/communes during planning, monitoring, operation, and management. – PMU/ESU will coordinate with community organizations to encourage them to actively participate in the planning, management, and implementation of the project, including monitoring of the contractor‘s performance. – To ensure effective monitoring and timely implementation of the EMP, PMU/ESU will hire national environmental consultants to assist in carrying out and monitoring the EMP implementation. Responsibilities of the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) will be described below. – For supervision and monitoring of contractor‘s performance, PMU will be responsible for: (a) Checking project implementation indicators relating to environment; (b) Unannounced inspections to ensure that mitigation measures are being implemented as presented in construction contract by contractor; (c) Reviewing periodic report of construction supervision consultant (CSC) to ensure compliance with mitigation measures; and (d) Based on the periodic reports by CSC and IEMC, PMU will prepare report on environmental compliance of subproject to submit to WB and DONRE (This is part of the submission of a 6-month progress report to WB). – PMU will coordinate closely with relevant enterprises on water supply, environmental sanitation, solid waste collection and to monitor operation and maintenance during project implementation. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) The IEMC will be responsible for assisting the PMU in EMP implementation. This also includes advising the CSC, contractors and communities on environmental compliance, and carrying out 259 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 the monitoring program in accordance with regulations and procedures of the Government and World Bank. Once the detailed operational implementation of the environmental monitoring program is discussed by PMU and World Bank, the IEMC will be responsible for quarterly checking, and supporting the PMU staff to supervise overall project activities to ensure that unified environmental protection policies of the Government and World Bank are applied and supervised during project implementation. The IEMC will be responsible to: (1) provide training and capacity building for construction management for PMU/ESU staff, including field engineers and/or consultants (CSC) in supervising the EMP implementation of the contractor; (2) ensure active participation of the local communities and schools in the project areas, (3) monitor environmental parameters to assess the overall impacts of the project, and (4) establish environmental training program. Specifically, the IEMC‘s responsibilities include: – Ensuring that the approved EMP and all project loan agreements related to environmental safeguards are fully applied and complied during project implementation. – Assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures which are provided by contractor and CSC in implementation process; providing proposals and recommendations to the PMU on necessary improvement and supplementation to meet the safeguard requirements. – Reporting periodically (every 3 months) to the PMU on actual EMP performance during project implementation. – Establishing standard procedures, methods and forms to assist the PMU and CSC to assess contractors‘ progress in implementing required impact mitigation and monitoring measures. – Assisting the PMU‘s environmental staff to review and check the related sections in the Contract Documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the project to ensure compliance with environmental protection policies and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements. – Measuring, taking samples and monitoring periodically environmental parameters (once per 3 months) during the time of environmental monitoring contract. – Assistance in the preparation of documents and implementation of training program on environmental monitoring and supervision for contractors, CSC and relevant staffs of PMU (environmental staffs and coordinators of packages). – Via PMU, discussing with relevant enterprises (if necessary) to find suitable solutions for unexpected risks relating to environmental sanitation. Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) The CSC is responsible for monitoring the safeguard performance of the contractor during site clearance and construction, including oversight of the self-monitoring to be conducted by 260 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 contractor. With regard to safeguards, the CSC‘s main responsibility will include, but not be limited to, the following: – Assist IEMC to establish, collect and provide information about both essential environmental indicators on-site and construction work. – Ensure that construction work complies with approved EMP, relevant indicators and standardized operation in documents for environmental impact mitigation and monitoring. – Monitor the mitigation measure implementation of contractor, propose and deploy supplementary measures in time to complete mitigation measures and to meet the environmental management safety requirements of project. – Make action plans/urgent solutions to cope with environmental problems, urgent situation and damages happening in construction – Recommend PMU to suspend partially or completely construction work if labor safety and environmental protection requirements of the contract are not complied with. – Organize regularly discussions with relevant enterprises and other stakeholders to provide information about implementation plans and necessary working program to enhance people‘s awareness of environmental protection during construction process. Construction Contractor – The construction contractor‘s responsibilities in respects of all aspects of the works, including the environmental aspects, are set out in the contract between it and the PMU. – Construction contractors have their own responsibilities for both carrying out environmental impact mitigation measures and compliance with approved EMP during assembling construction of project packages. In the preparation of technical method statement, contractor will study the project‘s approved EIA report and propose a construction method that includes environmental mitigation and protection measures that are aligned with the recommendations of the approved EMP. – Contractor‘s method statement will be submitted to PMU and CSC for review, as well as to IEMC as deemed necessary. Changes, if there are any, will be evaluated for feasibility and for legal issues (laws, decrees, circulars and other regulations) before suitable adjustments are approved for specific cases on-site. – During construction work, construction contractor will be closely supervised by PMU, CSC, IEMC, environmental authorities and local community on EMP observation. 7.5.3. Reporting Arrangements The PMU will prepare reports twice per year for submission to the World Bank including the compliance with the EMP. The report will contain the monitoring results and assessments of the 261 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 IEMC that show project progress and the status of implementation of the EMP. The reports will cover, among other matters as appropriate, the following: – Contractor‘s compliance with mitigation measures – Wastewater and environmental sanitation issues – Existing flood situation where relevant – Traffic and water supply conditions – Quality of waste-water receiving water bodies – Potential project-related risks and risk management issues – Consultation with local communities in key project areas 7.6. Capacity Building Program 7.6.1. Technical Assistance support for the implementation of safeguards An assessment of safeguards implementation capacity of existing PMU staff indicates that PMU staffs have limited knowledge on WB safeguard requirements as well as limited knowledge of environment and social issues. Such lack of capacity represents a risk to project implementation of safeguards requirements contained in the EMP and, as required by the WB policy, is to be addressed through capacity building. Therefore it is proposed to provide capacity building through technical assistance that will support the PMU during the implementation of the safeguards requirements. The technical assistance will provide the necessary technical support the PMU in its work with contractors as well as other entities involved in the implementation of the EMP. The scope of the technical assistance would cover support from experts and training that would cover both the knowledge on safeguards requirements and procedures for the project as well as training that covers both specific knowledge on safeguard procedures and requirement for the project staff, consultants, and national contractor would be important. This would include, for example, assistance in the preparation of documents and implementation of training program on environmental management and environmental monitoring for contractors, CSC and relevant staffs of PMU (environmental staffs and coordinators of packages) to do their tasks. It would also include assisting the PMU‘s environmental staffs with the review of contract documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the project to ensure compliance with environmental protection policies and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements as well as provide general environmental guidance as requested by the PMU to enhance overall project implementation and performance. Given the nature, locations, and scale of construction, it is anticipated that the safeguard technical assistance support and training will be provided at least during the first 3 years of the project implementation. The WB safeguard specialists will participate in the capacity building in particular in the training activities as appropriate. 262 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 7.6.2. Training programs proposed Table 7.9 below provides examples of the basic trainings for safeguards during project implementation. The training programs will be developed and delivered by the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards for the PMU training. The PMU/IEMC with the support of the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards will provide the training to contractors, CSC and other groups. Other more specific and tailored training will be developed and agreed upon between PMU, IEMC and the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards during project implementation based upon a reassessment of needs and the status of safeguards implementation. – Target groups for the training: include PMU staff, ESU staff, field engineers, CSC, construction contractors, local authorities and community representatives in the project area. Training of workers and drivers is the responsibility of the contractor; – Training schedule: At least 1 month before the construction of the first contract. The training can be adjusted in line with the implementation schedule of the subproject/contracts; – Training frequency: The basic training programs proposed in Table 7.7 will take place every six months on a yearly basis and its content updated and adapted to implementation issues. Training frequency and content will be reassessed during implementation depending on needs. It is foreseen that the training program for PMU staff will continue until year three of implementation. Three days of training for CSC and contractors are also planned to take place twice a year on an annual basis for at least two years. Table 7.9 Training Programs (to be financed by the project and the client) for Capacity Building on Environmental Supervision and Management I. OBJECTS PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT Training course Environmental supervision, monitoring and reporting Participators Environmental staff and technical staff Training Soon after project effectiveness but at least 1 month before the construction Frequency of the first contract. The follow-up training will be scheduled as needed. Time Four days of training twice a year to be repeated on a yearly basis until year three of implementation. Content General environmental management relating to project including requirements of WB, DONRE, cooperating with relevant enterprises Requirements on environmental supervision; 263 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Supervision and implementation of mitigation measures; Community participation in environmental supervision. Guide and supervise contractor, CSC and community representatives in implementation of environmental supervision. Forms used in environmental supervision; Risk response and control; Other areas to be determined; Receiving approach and submit forms. Responsibilities PMU, IEMC with support of the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards. II. OBJECTS CSC, CONTRACTOR, COMMUNE/WARDS AUTHORITIES, COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVES Training course Implementation of mitigation measures Participators CSC; on-site construction management staff; environmental staff of contractor; commune/ward/group authorities. Training After bidding, update based on requirements frequency Time Three days of training for CSC and contractors and two days of training for other also to be repeated twice a year on an annual basis depending on needs Content Overview of environmental monitoring; Requirements of environmental monitoring; Role and responsibilities of contractors and CSC Content and methods of environmental monitoring; Response and risk control; Propagate monitoring forms and guide how to fill in the forms and risk report; Other areas to be determined; Preparation and submission of report. Responsibilities PMU, IEMC with support of the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards 264 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 III. OBJECTS COMMUNITIES AND WORKERS Training course Environmental sanitation and safety Participators Representatives of community and/or worker leaders (as appropriate) Training As appropriate frequency Time One-day presentation and one-day on-the job training twice a year to be repeated on a per needs basis Content Preliminary presentation on environmental protection and environmental overview Key issues that require community and workers attention to minimize safety risks (roads, waterways, equipment, machines, etc.) as well as reduce pollution (dust, fume gases, oil/grease spill, waste management, etc.) Management of environmental safety and sanitation in work sites and worker camps; Mitigation measures at construction site and work camps; Safety measures on electricity, mechanical, transportation, air pollution; Other areas to be determined; Procedures to deal with emergency situation. Responsibilities Contractor, PMU, with support from IEMC 7.7. Estimated EMP Cost Table 7.8 provides an estimated cost for EMP implementation (excluding the resettlement cost and RP and EMDP independent monitoring). The EMP cost6 will comprise (i) cost for implementation of the mitigation measures by contractor, (ii) cost for supervision by the CSC, (iii) cost for environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) (iv) monitoring of environmental quality (v) PMU safeguard management costs, including technical assistance support for the implementation of safeguards and training. Costs for the implementation of the mitigation measures during construction will be part of the contract cost while cost for monitoring of SEMP by the CSC is provided for in the construction supervision contracts. Costs for PMU operations related to EMP are provided for in the project management budget of the PMU, including basic safeguards training and allowances for people who participate in the monitoring program. After project completion, 2 Excluding cost for implementation of the RP and EMDP and the independent monitoring of the RP/EMP implementation. 265 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 the cost for environmental monitoring of the constructed facilities will be funded by the cities‘ operations and maintenance budgets. It is noted that the attendance of community representatives in EMP implementation is voluntary, and without salary. Hence, to encourage the participation of community members, the cost for materials, equipment used for monitoring and rewards for people who are voted to implement monitoring are taken into account. Following decision No. 80/2005/QĐ-TTg dated 18/4/2005 of Prime Minister on regulations of community investment monitoring and joint circular for guidelines of decision implementation No. 80/2005/QĐ-TTg ―cost for supporting the investment monitoring of community in commune/ward are calculated in cost estimation of commune/ward fatherland front and are guaranteed by commune/ward people‘s committee budget; cost for propagation, training courses, guiding, closing of community investment monitoring at district and provincial level are calculated in cost estimation of commune/ward Fatherland Front and are guaranteed by commune/ ward people‘s committee budget‖. Table 7.10 provides an estimated IEMC and environmental quality monitoring cost in line with the country practices for reference. However the final cost will be updated during the detailed design. Table 7.10 Estimated Cost for EMP implementation (million USD) Cost (millions of $US) Source of funds (a) Mitigation during construction Part of contracts WB Part of CSC costs in WB (b) Supervision of safeguards during construction Comp. 4 Part of PMU costs in WB (c) Environmental Safeguards unit (ESU) of PMU Comp. 4 (d) Environmental quality monitoring 0.03 WB (e) Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant 0.08 WB (IEMC) (f) Safeguards capacity building program 0.25 WB Table 7.11 Estimated cost for the IEMC (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 20,800 VND) Price Total Total No. Content Unit Quantity (VND) (VND) (USD) 1 Specialist salary Month 33.5 30,680,000 1,027,780,000 50,250 2 Local stays and allowance Day 720 520,000 374,400,000 18,000 266 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Price Total Total No. Content Unit Quantity (VND) (VND) (USD) 3 Travelling expenses Turn-person 90 832,000 74,880,000 3,600 4 Training course Overall 8 5,720,000 45,760,000 2,200 5 Office supply Overall 18 6,240,000 112,320,000 5,400 6 Office and communication Overall 18 4,992,000 89,856,000 4,320 Total 83,770 B. Social management plan This Section presents the mitigation measures for impacts other than those caused by land acquisition which have been identified and assessed in the previous section in Chapter 6 and summarizes the Income Restoration Plan (IRP) which has been developed in the report for Resettlement Action Plan of the Project. 267 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.12 Mitigation measures for Social Negative Impacts Impact significance before frequency and duration of Impact significance after Management/mitigation Mitigation measures mitigation measures Responsible person/ Key performance Potential impact mitigation mitigation indicators objectives authority Timing, Land To ensure that the Major Moderate - Mitigation measures Please refer to the Please refer to - Please refer to the RAP for acquisition of quality of life of for land acquisition RAP for details of the RAP for details of this part. households displaced have been prepared this part. details of this along the sub- households is equal separately in the part. catchment area to or better than Report for prior to Resettlement Action displacement. Plan (RAP) of the Project. A summary of the Income Restoration Plan (IRP) as part of the RAP is provided in the next section. 268 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Influx of To reduce Moderate Minor - Positions for unskilled Prior to PMU and - Dispute prevention and temporary population influx, workers should be construction, construction management plan established workers minimize the employed from the construction and units - Monitoring of stakeholder possibility of local population to operation engagement conflicts between minimize population workers and the influx. local community - A dispute prevention and preserve social and management plan security in the area. should be developed with an aim to manage conflict and bring about positive change through conflict resolution processes. - Ongoing community engagement and stakeholder involvement throughout the process. Increase in To maintain the Moderate Minor - Development of a Construction and PMU and - Health and safety plan traffic and health and safety of detailed health and operation phase. construction developed safety hazards local population. safety plan to mitigate units - Traffic signs on the route construction risks of the placed in time proposed project on the - Monthly health and safety surrounding monitoring and reporting 269 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 communities. - Periodic inspection and maintenance of construction vehicles - Place traffic signs on the route - Use of lifeboats - Limit traffic flow during rush hours Construction To maintain the Moderate Minor - Develop a health and Prior to PMU and - Health and safety plan safety hazards health and safety of safety plan for construction and construction developed workers and other construction which construction units - Health and safety officer staff in the specifies measures for appointed construction site. risk management, - Fire safety education and emergency and incident training programs for response, prevention workers developed and and control of fire implemented explosion - Monthly checkup of fire - Develop fire safety detection and alarm education and training equipment programs for workers - Carry out regular check fire detection and alarm equipment. 270 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - Ensure enough Creation of To minimize the Moderate Minor Operation Local - Creation of haven for security staff in the haven for disturbance and government homeless people and public parks along the homeless threats that possibility of social evils canal area during day people and homeless people and night time to possibility of and drug addicts maintain security and social evils pose to the local prevent crime. people. - Installment of surveillance cameras in public areas to timely protect against property theft and prevent crime. 271 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 7.13 Enhancement measures for Social Positive Impacts Impact significance before frequency and duration of Impact significance after Management/mitigation Mitigation measures mitigation measures Responsible person/ Potential impact mitigation mitigation objectives authority Timing, Creation of Local population are offered Minor Minor - A "local labour" desk at the Prior to PMU and construction employment employment opportunities where contractor offices should be construction units opportunities possible. established to identify a local and labour pool. Information about construction recruitment of employers and workers for the project should be spread widely to local people. - Skill development programs should be implemented to ensure support for local population in obtaining employment opportunities. 272 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 - Regularly check whether Increase in Minimize pollution to the canals Moderate Minor Operation Department of Planning restaurants and cafes business resulting from the local food and and Investment and local allocate enough trash bins opportunities beverage businesses. government to dispose of wastes when customers need and whether there is enough toilets for customers. Leisure and Maximize its potential as a Major Major - Work with the retired and Operation City government (e.g. tourism leisure place and for tourism the elderly who have a Department of Culture, development. reputation in the community Sports and Tourism) and to discourage people in the local government area from throwing garbage into the canal. - Place additional trash bins and warning signs 273 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The Income Restoration Plan (IRP) The Income Restoration Plan (IRP) is an additional plan for affected households and is a part of the Resettlement Action Plan of HCMC FRMP. The overall strategy of this plan aims at supporting heavily affected households and vulnerable households to restore their livelihood, focusing on diversification of activities that can create income sources immediately for heavily affected and vulnerable households, thereby meeting the immediate basic needs of the households and enhancing their capacity for building future livelhood. The number of households participated in LRP is estimated to be 235. Table 7.14 Targets of the Income Restoration Plan Households Households without Households with over production with 100% of 20% of Vulnerable land or Location Total land production households ineligible for acquired land being Land use affected Right Certificate Go Vap District 25 25 20 25 99 Tan Binh District 20 4 8 19 44 Binh Tan District 16 1 4 9 38 District 12 13 30 7 2 54 Total 74 60 38 55 235 Source: Social Economic Survey conducted in October 2015. LRP has various activities focusing on (i) small business model for heavily affected and vulnerable households that want to change income generating activities; (ii) PAPs-N & DBTT want to convert income generating activities; (ii) urban agriculture model for heavily affected and vulnerable households that still have agricultural land remaining after acquisition; (iii) organizing additional vocational training for those in the working age and career counseling and job placement, and (iv) introduction of start-up training courses for households that want to change to business activities. Figure 7.2 describes organizations and agencies responsible for implementing the LRP. 274 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 HCMC People's PMU Committee LRP Consultant Independent Monitoring Agency District People's LRP Management Unit Committee Heavily affected and Ward People's vulnerable households Committee Figure 7.2 Organization chart of LRP. Total cost for the LRP of the HCMC FRMP is estimated to be around 5.4 billion VND, equivalent to 244,000 USD. Table 7.15 Cost estimate for implementing the Income Restoration Plan Price per unit No. Cost item Quantity Total cost (millionVND) (million VND) I Direct investment for households 1 Households losing over 20% of 60 20 1.200 production land 2 Households losing front land for 113 20 2.260 business and vulnerable households 3 Additional vocational training 136 5 680 4 Support for trainees 136 2 272 5 Career consulting 136 0.5 68 Total cost I 4.480 II Implementation and management cost 448 275 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Price per unit No. Cost item Quantity Total cost (millionVND) (million VND) (10%) III Provisional cost (10%) 448 Total 5.376 LRP monitoring program Internal monitoring - Technical Consultant will develop monitoring indicators. - District and ward level Project Management Unit will prepare quarterly progress reports on the implementation of the LRP depending on the areas they are in charge of. - PMU will conduct independent monitoring of these units and submit progress reports to the World Bank. Independent monitoring An independent monitoring unit has been hired by PMU to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of LRP. After one year of implementation, the effectiveness of LRP will be evaluated to determine the socio-economic status of households to see whether they have recovered at least equal to the pre-construction phase of the project. 276 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 CHAPTER 8: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 8.1. Objectives and basic principles During the course of carrying out the environmental assessment, public consultation is a basic condition to ensure public acceptance of the project as well as to limit adverse impacts and surface issues not being realized by the implementation team. In fact, if the community participates in the early stage of the project preparation, then it is able to build up a close relationship between the community and the project team, and they can give valued proposals for before the project implementation. The public consultation process in EIA report preparation for the HCMC Flood Risk Management Project is designed to: - Achieve compliance with the requirements in clause 8, article 20 in Environmental protection law No. 52/2005/QH11 dated 29/11/2005; - Meet requirements in circular No. 05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated 08/12/2008 of Minister of Ministry of Natural resources and environment. The circular provides guidelines on strategic environmental impact assessment, EIA reporting, and environmental protection commitment. - In addition, public consultation for the EIA report needs to include Environmental safeguard policies of WB (follow OP4.01). Objectives of public consultation are: - To share information about project components and proposed project activities with the community at project area and relevant stakeholders. - To collect opinions; understand the concerns and sensitivities of local authorities and community on environmental problems created in project area; especially problems which are not recognized by EIA team.Based on this, public cares can be resoanably settled during the course of setting up the Project, and selection of designing solutions - To perform thorough and comprehensive evaluation of all environmental impacts and propose the most effective mitigation measures that exactly address the adverse environmental impacts. The basic principles of public consultation are to: - Facilitate local people and authorities‘ participation in project area as soon as possible; - For project group A, the consultation need to conduct public consultation two times: o First time: As soon as environmental screening is completed and TOR draft on environmental impact assessment is ready. o Second time: After having EIA draft prepared. 277 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 8.2. Consultation Process and Methodology This is a Category A project, thus the WB requires that at least two public consultations are carried out during the EA process. For this specific project, the first public consultation was done shortly after environmental screening and before the terms of reference for the EA are finalized; and the second will be carried out following this draft ESIA is prepared. The public consultations are carried out in the format of open forum under the following process:  Notification of the requirements and plan to organize public consultation was sent by the PMU and EXP consultant to the relevant districts and agencies for their endorsement, following which invitations were sent from the districts to affected households, Women Union, Youth Union, Veterans, Vietnamese Fatherland Front of the districts, as well as NGOs. In addition, representatives from PMU and FS consultant were invited to attend the meetings to assist EXP as required.  Printed brochures summarizing basic project information and survey questionnaires were prepared ahead of the consultation, as well as a Power Point presentation and a video on similar projects in the city (Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe, Tan Hoa – Lo Gom, Tau Hu – Ben Nghe) prepared by PMU for the consultation. The printed brochures were distributed to the district authority one week prior to the consultation, and were included in the invitations. Additional copies of the brochures were also available at the consultation for distribution. The presentation and video were presented at the consultation to give the public a sense of how the final project outcomes could be.  During the open forum, the participants were given the opportunity to raise their questions and concerns either orally or in writing (through the questionnaire). The open forum enabled direct communication and exchange of information between PMU, FS and EXP consultant, concerned or relevant HCMC District PCs, affected households, and relevant agencies. The issues raised verbally or in the questionnaires were addressed directly at the open forum by the relevant authority and PMU. They were also recorded in this report for reference.  During the Public Consultation Meeting, the participants were also informed of the PMU‘s contact information (office address and contact numbers) to which they could send further questions, issues and concerns regarding to the project.  Issues raised during the consultation were integrated into the terms of reference for the ESIA (first round of consultations) and into the final draft ESIA (second round of consultations). 8.3. Consultation Results The first round of public consultations was carried out from August 25th to October 29, 2015 at the PC office of different wards in the relevant 9 districts (including Tan Phu District, Binh Thanh District, Tan Binh District, Go Vap District, District 12, Binh Chanh District, District 8 Hoc Mon District, Binh Tan District – Specific locations are included in the table below). 278 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 8.1 Venue for First Round of Public Consultations No. Venue Date Duration Address Son Ky Ward PC Office, Tan Phu District. Tan Phu August 25th, 8:00 AM 1 No. 32 Bo Bao Tan Thang Street, Son Ky District 2015 – 9:30 AM Ward, Tan Phu District, HCMC. Ward 13 PC Office, Binh Thanh District. Binh Thanh August 26th, 6:30 PM 2 No. 285 No Trang Long Street, Ward 13, District 2015 – 8:00 PM Binh Thanh District, HCMC. Ward 15 PC Office, Tan Binh District. Tan Binh August 27th, 8:00 AM 3 No. 822 Truong Chinh Street, Ward 15, Tan District 2015 – 9:30 AM Binh District, HCMC. Labor Union Go Vap District. Go Vap September 8:00 AM 4 No. 507A Quang Trung, Ward 10, Go Vap District 4th, 2015 – 9:30 AM District, HCMC. District 12 PC Office. September 8:30 AM 5 District12 No. 1 Le Thi Rieng, Ward Thoi An, District 6th, 2015 –10:30 AM 12, HCMC. Tan Kien Ward PC Office, Binh Chanh Binh Chanh September 8:00 AM District. 6 District 10th, 2015 – 9:30 AM No. C9/18A Duong Dinh Cuc, Tan Kien Ward, Binh Chanh District, HCMC. Ward 16 PC Office, District 8. September 8:00 AM 7 District 8 No. 450 Phu Dinh, Ward 16, District 8, 17th, 2015 – 9:30 AM HCMC. PC office of Xuan Thoi Dong ward. Hoc Mon October 8:00 AM 8 62 Tran Van Muoi, Xuan Thoi Dong ward, District 20th, 2015 – 9:30 AM Hoc Mon district, HCMC. People Committee of Tan Tao Ward, Binh Binh Tan October 9:00 AM Tan District. 9 District 29th, 2015 – 10:30 AM 64 Hồ Văn Long, Tân Tạo Ward, Bình Tân District. The aim of this first round of consultation was to finalize the TOR for ESIA report. A total of 822 participants attended the meeting, of whom 744 are residents in the local districts and the rest are representatives of relevant agencies, PMU, NGOs, etc. The consultations were carried out in the process described above, with the information disclosed prior and at the consultation, and in the following format: 279 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 (i) Registration, distribution of brochures, questionnaires, and gifts (raincoat, pen) to participants; (ii) Welcome and Opening remarks by representative of EXP consultants; (iii) Overview of the project by representative of PMU; (iv) Brief TOR and missions of the ESIA by EXP consultant; (v) Open Forum for Public Question and Answer session by PMU, EXP Consultants, and FS Consultants; (vi) Consultation closing speech by representative of PMU/District‘s representative and EXP. In total, 323 questions, issues and concerns as well as recommendations and suggestions were raised by the participants during the first round of consultations in four main categories: (1) Support for the project, (2) current issues on environment and flooding, (3) clarification of project information, and (4) suggestions and recommendations. Summary of the issues raised are in the table below. 280 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 8.2 Summary of first round of public consultations Number of No Location Opinion PMU‟s reponse Participants Complaints on the consequences of the canal pollution Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for and general environment pollution on residents‘ health the ESIA. and wish the project rapid completion to address these 63 issues Tan Phu 54 residents 1 Support project but request clarification on the project Clarification were provided on the project design and District 9 PMU and design and how it contributes to addressing flood risks, how it is expected to address flood risk in the project consultants implementation schedule and risk of inflation. area. The implementation schedule was explained, as well as how contingencies have been allocated to take into account risk of inflation. Complaints on the consequences of the canal pollution Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for on residents‘ health and wish the project rapid the ESIA. 179 completion to address these issues Binh Thanh 170 residents Support project but request clarification on the project Clarification was provided on the project design, with 2 District 9 PMU and design, especially waste collection and treatment, regards to waste water collection and treatment. Lang consultants drainage, inclusion of Lang Canal. Canal is not included in the project scope. Request clarification on the clearance area and project Area of concern by the residents will not be subject for support for relocated residents. clearance in the project. Complaints on the consequences of the canal pollution Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for 66 and general environment pollution on residents‘ health the ESIA. Tan Binh 55 residents and wish the project rapid completion to address these 3 District 11 PMU and issues consultants Support project but request clarification on the project Clarification was provided on the design of Hy Vong design to treat pollution in Hy Vong Canal, project Canal, and project implementation schedule. 281 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Number of No Location Opinion PMU‟s reponse Participants implementation schedule. Express desire for the CPC to quickly resolve the clearance and resettlement issues. Complaints on the consequences of the canal pollution Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for and general environment pollution on residents‘ health the ESIA. and wish the project rapid and high quality completion 36 to address these issues. Go Vap 28 residents 4 Support project but request clarification on the project Clarification was provided on the project design that District 8 PMU and design to treat solid waste. would not be included in the project scope. consultants Express concerns on the households who have received Information was provided on efforts of the authority to compensation are now encroaching and polluting the address re-encroachment of the canal by compensated canal, and on the operations of canal when completed. households. Complain about the drainage capacity leading to flood Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for and pollution in the area. Support addressing flood in the ESIA. the central core first. Request clarification on project design, inclusion of Cai Clarification was provided on the existing investment in 138 Liem Sluice Gate in the project, impacts of the project Cai Liem Sluice Gate by Department of Transport, as 129 residents when completed, relation with the TLBC Wastewater well as aspects of project designs and expected impacts. 5 District12 9 PMU and Treatment Plant operations, and possibility to use pumps consultants for flood reduction. Suggest careful survey and information dissemination before implementation. Request clarification on the timing of the consultation Clarification was provided on the consultation schedule and project compensation packages and how additional information will be provided directly to the affected households by the PMU and authority. 282 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Number of No Location Opinion PMU‟s reponse Participants Complain about pollution due to industrial zones and Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for 61 flooding due to underdeveloped economy, public the ESIA. Binh Chanh 53 residents awareness, encroaching the river, etc. 6 District 8 PMU and Support project but express concerns about the long Clarification was provided on the design of the ship lock consultants duration of project implementation. Suggest better to avoid flooding in the relevant areas. design for ship-locks to facilitate traffic. Complain about flood situation despite previous Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for upgrading projects. the ESIA. 104 Request clarification on project design of embankment, Clarification was provided on the technical design of the 98 residents ship lock and request careful study and design for high project. 7 District 8 6 PMU and impact. consultants Suggest close coordination and information dissemination for city residents on environment protection. 110 Complain about the flooding situation in selected areas, Comments were noted and integrated into the TOR for Hoc Mon 101 residents and consequences due to pollution, and wish the project the ESIA. 8 District 9 PMU and rapid completion to address these issues. consultants 65 Request clarification on project implementation Clarification was provided on the project implementation Binh Tan 57 residents schedule schedule, and on the location of the sluice gate under the 9 District 8 PMU and Propose that the sluice gate moved from Nuoc Len Nuoc Len bridge, assuring them that the sluice gate will consultants bridge to the mouth of Nuoc Len Canal. contribute to address flood risk in the area. 283 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The second public consultation is planned to be carried out mid December 2015 following the completion of this draft ESIA. The results from this consultation will be summarized into the final version of the ESIA. 8.4. Information Disclosure Outside the country, this draft of the ESIA report will be disclosed at the World Bank‘s InfoShop in Washington DC by December 3, 2015. In country, ESIA report in Vietnamese will be disclosed at the office of the relevant District People‘s Committees and on the project website. 284 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 285 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 1 MAP OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS 286 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 1.1 Locations for air sampling in the project area Air Sample Time Location code At 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat River K1 Morning (upstream wind direction) At 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards Vam Thuat river K2 Morning (downstream wind direction) At the junction of the Chin Xieng canal with the Tham Luong – Ben K3 Morning Cat – Nuoc Len canal K4 Afternoon At the junction of Nguyen Oanh street with Le Duc Tho street At the junction of Cau Cut canal with Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc K5 Afternoon Len canal K6 Afternoon At the junction of Phan Huy Ich street with Quang Trung street At the junction of Hy Vong Canal with Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc K7 Afternoon Len canal K8 Afternoon At the Tham Luong bridge (Tan Binh Industrial Park) K9 Morning At the An Lac bridge (Tan Tao Industrial Park) At 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge K10 Morning (upstream wind direction) At 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge K11 Morning (downstream wind direction) Surface water (SW) at hight tide and low tide Codes Location SW1-HT and SW1 - LT At 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal At the junction of Chin Xieng canal with Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc SW2-HT and SW2 - LT Len canal At the junction of Ong Bau canal with Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc SW3-HT and SW3 - LT Len canal At the junction between Ong Tong canal and Tham Luong – Ben Cat – SW4-HT and SW4 - LT Nuoc Len canal SW5-HT and SW5 - LT At the junction between Ba Mien canal and Tham Luong – Ben Cat – 287 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Nuoc Len canal At the junction between Cau Cut canal and Tham Luong – Ben Cat – SW6-HT and SW6 - LT Nuoc Len canal At the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – SW7-HT and SW7 - LT Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal At the Tham Luong bridge where a discharge point of Tan Binh SW8-HT and SW8 - LT Industrial Park is located. SW9-HT and SW9 - LT At the An Lac bridge (Tan Tao Industrial Park) SW10-HT and SW10 - LT At 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge Groundwater At Chin Xieng canal area (well (35m depth) - at Thai Son football ground – 566/45 GW1 Nguyen Thai Son Street – drilled in 2012) At Cau Cut canal area. (household well (30m depth) at Cau Cut canal – 1396/76 Le Duc GW2 Tho, Ward 13, Go Vap district - drilled in 1997) GW3 At Truong Dai bridge area (well at Nam Bang company (100m depth) drilled in 2005) GW4 At Hy Vong canal (well at wood shop (30m depth), drilled in 2012) GW5 At Tham Luong bridge (store near Tham Luong bridge (20m depth), drilled in 2000) At Binh Thuan bridge (well at Ms. Nguyen Thi Viet house (80m depth) – 839/5, GW6 National Highway No.1A, Town 1, Binh Hung Hoa ward, Binh Tan District - drilled between 2000 and 2003) GW7 At ba Hom bridge (well at Ms.Thuan house (120m depth) – 35 Bo Song street, Town 2, Tan Tao A ward, Binh Tan District – drilled more than 10 years ago) GW8 An area from An Lac bridge to An Lap bridge (well at household No.1233, National Highway No.1, An Lac ward, Binh Tan District – drilled in 2011, 140m depth) GW9 An area from Nuoc Len bridge to Cho Dem river (well at Le Tan Be household, drilled in 08/2015, 150m depth) Soil At the Tham Luong canal where is of 500m from Hy Vong cannal 500m (Soil was S1 covered from 2013) S2 An area from Tham Luong bridge to Cho Cau bridge, the Hy Vong canal S3 At Cho Cau bridge area 288 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 S4 At Truong Dai bridge area (Soil was covered from 2012-2013) S5 At Cau Cut canal area (Soil was covered from 2013) S6 At Ba Mien canal area (Soil was covered from 09/2015) S7 At Ong Tong canal area (Soil was covered from 2012-2013) S8 At Ong Bau canal area (Soil was covered from 08/2015) Sediment Sed1.1(0.2m) and Sed 1.2 At 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal (0.5m) Sed2.1, Sed2.2 At the junction of Chin Xieng canal with Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal S3 At the junction of Ong Bau canal with Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal S4 At the junction between Ong Tong canal and Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal S5 At the junction between Ba Mien canal and Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal S6 At the junction between Cau Cut canal and Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len canal At the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc S7 Len canal At the Tham Luong bridge where a discharge point of Tan Binh Industrial Park is S8 located. S9 At the An Lac bridge (Tan Tao Industrial Park) S10 At 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge S11 Location of tender package 4A S12 Location of tender package 6A 289 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS 290 KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU KHÍ ANALYTICAL RESULT OF AIR QUALITY Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC KHU Ngày đo đạc và lấy mẫu/ Sampling : 12-13/10/2015 VỰC TP. HCM and measure date Poject : Địa chỉ : Tp. Hồ Chí Minh Address : Ho Chi Minh City Tọa độ Nhiệt độ Độ ẩm Vận tốc gió Tiếng ồn Bụi Kí hiệu Vị trí đo đạc Thời điểm NO2 SO2 CO Coordinates Temperature Humidity Wind speed Noise (Leq) Particle 3 3 Sign Location đo đạc (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) VN 2000 (0C) (%) (m/s) (dBA) (mg/m3) Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật (đầu hướng gió) 0603909 K1 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river 8h00 29.5 77.4 0.0 – 0.3 75.2 0.23 0.014 0.008 2.73 1198324 towards the Vam Thuat kennet (top of wind direction) Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật (cuối hướng gió) 0594397 K2 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river 9h25 32.4 68.5 0.0 – 0.3 69.6 0.15 0.013 0.008 2.76 1197800 towards the Vam Thuat kennet (end of wind direction) Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên 0593718 K3 10h40 32.1 67.3 0.1 – 0.3 68.4 0.18 0.028 0.025 8.04 Location at the junction between the Chin 1197291 Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels Tọa độ Nhiệt độ Độ ẩm Vận tốc gió Tiếng ồn Bụi Kí hiệu Vị trí đo đạc Thời điểm NO2 SO2 CO Coordinates Temperature Humidity Wind speed Noise (Leq) Particle 3 3 Sign Location đo đạc (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) VN 2000 (0C) (%) (m/s) (dBA) (mg/m3) Vị trí tại điểm giao đường Nguyễn Oanh và đường Lê Đức Thọ 0601090 K4 14h05 31.2 67.9 0.1 – 0.2 81.3 0.33 0.047 0.026 9.78 Location at the junction between Nguyen 1198763 Oanh street anh Le Duc Tho street Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên 0589803 K5 15h40 30.2 65.7 0.0 – 0.3 65.1 0.12 0.026 0.019 6.24 Location at the junction between the cau Cut 1200432 canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels Vị trí tại điểm giao đường Phan Huy Ích và đường Quang Trung 0597149 K6 16h40 31.2 62.7 0.1 – 0.2 81.0 0.31 0.053 0.043 15.05 Location at the junction between Phan Huy 1198972 Ich and Quang Trung street Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên 0596141 K7 17h30 31.2 65.1 0.1 – 0.3 72.0 0.10 0.014 0.013 3.63 Location at the junction between the Hy 1197414 Vong Channal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương (KCN Tân Bình) 0595788 K8 Location at the Tham Luong bridge (Tan 16h00 30.4 67.2 0.1 – 0.4 77.9 0.38 0.028 0.023 8.00 1196897 Binh Industrial Park) Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc (KCN Tân Tạo) 0593008 K9 Location at the An Lac bridge (Tan Tao 10h05 30.3 69.4 0.0 – 0.3 75.0 0.14 0.028 0.022 7.12 1186082 Industrial Park) K10 Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu 0593218 7h15 29.9 67.4 0.0 – 0.4 70.1 0.10 0.023 0.020 7.11 Tọa độ Nhiệt độ Độ ẩm Vận tốc gió Tiếng ồn Bụi Kí hiệu Vị trí đo đạc Thời điểm NO2 SO2 CO Coordinates Temperature Humidity Wind speed Noise (Leq) Particle 3 3 Sign Location đo đạc (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) VN 2000 (0C) (%) (m/s) (dBA) (mg/m3) Nước Lên (đầu hướng gió) 1185401 Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge (top of wind direction) Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên (cuối hướng gió) 0593237 K11 Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river 8h25 29.8 65.7 0.1 – 0.2 70.0 0.14 0.025 0.024 7.11 1184978 toward the Nuoc Len bridge (end of wind direction) QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (trung bình 1 giờ) - - - - 0,3 0,2 0,35 30 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (average 1 hour) QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (từ 6h - 21h) - - - 70 - - - - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (from 6h to 21h) MASA MASA Đo bằng máy TCVN TCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích TCVN 406 704A 52TCN đo vận tốc gió 7878- 5067 – Measuring/Analyzing methods 5508:2009 () (1988) (1988) 352 – 89 Tubor, Mỹ 2:2010 () 1995 () ( ) ( ) Ghi chú/Note:  () phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/() measuring/analyzing method is accredited by VILAS.  QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng không khí xung quanh)/QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (National technical regulation on ambient air quality).  QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về tiếng ồn)/QCVN 26:2010 /BTNMT (National technical regulation on noise).  KPH: không phát hiện/ND: not delected. KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU KHÍ ANALYTICAL RESULT OF AIR QUALITY Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC KHU Ngày đo đạc và lấy mẫu/ Sampling : 12-13/10/2015 VỰC TP. HCM and measure date Poject : Địa chỉ : Tp. Hồ Chí Minh Address : Ho Chi Minh City Tọa độ Kí hiệu Vị trí đo đạc Thời điểm NH3 H2S VOCs Pb Coordinates 3 3 3 Sign Location đo đạc (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) VN 2000 Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật (đầu hướng gió) 0603909 K1 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river 8h00 KPH (<0.02) KPH (<0.003) 0.05 0.007 1198324 towards the Vam Thuat kennet (top of wind direction) Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật (cuối hướng gió) 0594397 K2 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river 9h25 KPH (<0.02) KPH (<0.003) 0.01 KPH (<0.005) 1197800 towards the Vam Thuat kennet (end of wind direction) Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên 0593718 K3 10h40 0.20 0.007 KPH (<0.01) KPH (<0.005) Location at the junction between the Chin 1197291 Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels Tọa độ Kí hiệu Vị trí đo đạc Thời điểm NH3 H2S VOCs Pb Coordinates 3 3 3 Sign Location đo đạc (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) VN 2000 Vị trí tại điểm giao đường Nguyễn Oanh và đường Lê Đức Thọ 0601090 K4 14h05 0.03 KPH (<0.003) KPH (<0.01) KPH (<0.005) Location at the junction between Nguyen 1198763 Oanh street anh Le Duc Tho street Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên 0589803 K5 15h40 0.06 KPH (<0.003) KPH (<0.01) KPH (<0.005) Location at the junction between the cau Cut 1200432 canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels Vị trí tại điểm giao đường Phan Huy Ích và đường Quang Trung 0597149 K6 16h40 0.02 KPH (<0.003) KPH (<0.01) KPH (<0.005) Location at the junction between Phan Huy 1198972 Ich and Quang Trung street Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên 0596141 K7 17h30 KPH (<0.02) KPH (<0.003) 0.03 KPH (<0.005) Location at the junction between the Hy Vong 1197414 Channal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương (KCN Tân Bình) 0595788 K8 Location at the Tham Luong bridge (Tan Binh 16h00 0.02 KPH (<0.003) 0.02 KPH (<0.005) 1196897 Industrial Park) Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc (KCN Tân Tạo) 0593008 K9 Location at the An Lac bridge (Tan Tao 10h05 0.02 KPH (<0.003) 0.02 KPH (<0.005) 1186082 Industrial Park) K10 Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu 0593218 7h15 KPH (<0.02) KPH (<0.003) 0.02 KPH (<0.005) Tọa độ Kí hiệu Vị trí đo đạc Thời điểm NH3 H2S VOCs Pb Coordinates 3 3 3 Sign Location đo đạc (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) VN 2000 Nước Lên (đầu hướng gió) 1185401 Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge (top of wind direction) Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên (cuối hướng gió) 0593237 K11 Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river 8h25 0.14 0.005 0.02 KPH (<0.005) 1184978 toward the Nuoc Len bridge (end of wind direction) QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (trung bình 1 giờ) 0,20 0,042 - - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (average 1 hour) Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích Technical normal rule & MASA 401 MASA 701 NIOSH 1501 Measuring/Analyzing methods SMEWW 3120 B (2012) Ghi chú/Note:  () phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/() measuring/analyzing method is accredited by VILAS.  QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về một số chất độc hại trong không khí xung quanh)/QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air).  KPH: không phát hiện/ ND: not delected. KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0318-0320-0322-0324-0326 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu Type of sample : Nước mặt – Triều cường : Surface water – High tide QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-HT SW2-HT SW3-HT SW4-HT SW5-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0318 1510.0320 1510.0322 1510.0324 1510.0326 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method TCVN 6492:2011 () 1 pH, at 25oC - 6.61 6.63 6.63 6.35 7.06 5.5 – 9 5.5 – 9 (ISO 10523:2008) Độ cứng tổng/ 2 mgCaCO3/l 6 6 8 8 36 - - SMEWW 2340 C (2012) Total hardness Độ đục/ SMEWW 2130 B (2012) 3 NTU 57.6 33.9 51.9 45.0 49.9 - - Turbidity ( ) 4 Độ màu/ Color Pt-Co 39 32 97 41 69 - - SMEWW 2120 C (2012) SMEWW 4500-O.G 5 DO mgO2/l 1.02 0.58 0.20 1.20 0.14 ≥4 ≥2 (2012) () SMEWW 2540 D 6 TSS mg/l 68 35 53 50 53 ≤ 50 ≤ 100 (2012) () 7 TDS mg/l 90 85 300 80 280 - - SMEWW 2540 C (2012) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-HT SW2-HT SW3-HT SW4-HT SW5-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0318 1510.0320 1510.0322 1510.0324 1510.0326 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method 8 COD mgO2/l 21 16 161 14 52 ≤ 30 ≤ 50 SMEWW 5220C (2012) SMEWW 5210 B (2012) 9 BOD5 mgO2/l 14 5 126 5 24 ≤ 15 ≤ 25 ( ) SMEWW 4500-NH4+ .C (2012) () & 10 N-NH4+ mg/l 1.5 1.4 13.4 1.2 14.0 ≤ 0.5 ≤1 SMEWW 4500-NH4+ .F (2012) () SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 11 Cl- mg/l 21.1 18.8 61.9 17.5 51.6 ≤ 600 - ( ) SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 12 F- mg/l 0.31 0.13 0.23 0.16 0.31 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND - SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 13 N-NO2 mg/l 0.23 0.13 (LOD = 0.15 (LOD = ≤ 0.04 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 14 N-NO3- mg/l 0.38 0.36 (LOD = 0.37 (LOD = ≤ 10 ≤ 15 ( ) 0.015) 0.015) SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 15 SO42- mg/l 34.4 33.8 38.1 33.5 63.3 - - ( ) SMEWW 4500-P&D 16 P-PO43- mg/l 0.07 0.08 0.79 0.11 0.72 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 0.5 (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 17 As mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.1 ( ) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) 18 Cd mg/l KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-HT SW2-HT SW3-HT SW4-HT SW5-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0318 1510.0320 1510.0322 1510.0324 1510.0326 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ( ) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 19 Pb mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 20 Cr mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = 0.005 - - ( ) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 21 Cu mg/l 0.011 0.004 0.094 (LOD = 0.011 ≤ 0.5 ≤1 ( ) 0.005) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 22 Zn mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 23 Mn mg/l 0.127 0.109 0.092 0.116 0.247 - - ( ) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 24 Fe mg/l 2.02 1.59 1.13 2.29 2.26 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 25 Hg mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.001 ≤ 0.002 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) Dầu. mỡ/ KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 26 mg/l 0.5 0.2 ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.3 SMEWW 5520 C (2012) Oil & grease (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) 27 E. Coli MPN/100ml 9300 24×103 93×104 24×103 93×103 ≤ 100 ≤ 200 SMEWW 9221 F (2012) 28 Coliform MPN/100ml 24×103 93×103 43×105 43×103 24×105 ≤ 7500 ≤ 10000 SMEWW 9221 D QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-HT SW2-HT SW3-HT SW4-HT SW5-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0318 1510.0320 1510.0322 1510.0324 1510.0326 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method (2012) Ghi chú/Note: Phương pháp lấy mẫu nước mặt/Surface sampling: TCVN 6663-6:2008 (ISO 5667- SW1-HT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter 6:2005) from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/ Measuring/analyzing method SW2-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến is accredited by VILAS. Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt/ National Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) technical regulation on surface water quality. SW3-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích./ Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection SW4-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) SW5-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0601002;1199835) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0328-0330-0332-0380-0382 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Nước mặt – Triều cường Type of sample : Surface water – High tide QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW6-HT SW7-HT SW8-HT SW9-HT SW10-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0328 1510.0330 1510.0332 1510.0382 1510.0380 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method TCVN 6492:2011 () 1 pH, at 25oC - 7.12 7.08 7.24 6.99 7.00 5.5 – 9 5.5 – 9 (ISO 10523:2008) Độ cứng tổng/ 2 mgCaCO3/l 68 36 56 120 118 - - SMEWW 2340 C (2012) Total hardness Độ đục/ SMEWW 2130 B (2012) 3 NTU 66.3 55.6 41.2 43.4 65.4 - - Turbidity ( ) 4 Độ màu/ Color Pt-Co 95 106 125 34 29 - - SMEWW 2120 C (2012) SMEWW 4500-O.G 5 DO mgO2/l 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.35 0.08 ≥4 ≥2 (2012) () SMEWW 2540 D 6 TSS mg/l 93 38 28 42 59 ≤ 50 ≤ 100 (2012) () 7 TDS mg/l 310 350 470 380 490 - - SOP-HTN06 QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW6-HT SW7-HT SW8-HT SW9-HT SW10-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0328 1510.0330 1510.0332 1510.0382 1510.0380 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method 8 COD mgO2/l 68 86 100 68 35 ≤ 30 ≤ 50 SMEWW 5220C (2012) SMEWW 5210 B (2012) 9 BOD5 mgO2/l 37 68 62 29 11 ≤ 15 ≤ 25 ( ) SMEWW 4500-NH4+ .C (2012) () & 10 N-NH4+ mg/l 8.4 10.4 11.2 10.4 5.3 ≤ 0.5 ≤1 SMEWW 4500-NH4+ .F (2012) () SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 11 Cl- mg/l 56.8 84.2 101.0 114.0 196.0 ≤ 600 - ( ) SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 12 F- mg/l 0.13 0.14 0.18 0.32 0.37 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 13 N-NO2 mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.04 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 14 N-NO3- mg/l 0.017 (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 10 ≤ 15 ( ) 0.015) 0.015) 0.015) 0.015) SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 15 SO42- mg/l 65.3 55.0 64.5 42.3 76.6 - - ( ) SMEWW 4500-P&D 16 P-PO43- mg/l 1.10 1.32 1.29 0.62 0.21 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 0.5 (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 17 As mg/l 0.008 (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.1 ( ) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW6-HT SW7-HT SW8-HT SW9-HT SW10-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0328 1510.0330 1510.0332 1510.0382 1510.0380 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 18 Cd mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 ( ) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 19 Pb mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 20 Cr mg/l 0.010 0.010 0.023 0.028 0.005 - - ( ) KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 21 Cu mg/l 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.038 (LOD = ≤ 0.5 ≤1 ( ) 0.005) KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 22 Zn mg/l 0.020 (LOD = 0.015 0.034 (LOD = ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 23 Mn mg/l 0.279 0.258 0.293 0.477 0.557 - - ( ) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 24 Fe mg/l 3.81 1.92 1.89 2.47 3.81 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 25 Hg mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.001 ≤ 0.002 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) Dầu. mỡ/ KPH/ND 26 mg/l 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.3 SMEWW 5520 C (2012) Oil & grease (LOD = 0.1) 27 E. Coli MPN/100ml 24×103 93×104 24×105 24×104 9300 ≤ 100 ≤ 200 SMEWW 9221 F (2012) 28 Coliform MPN/100ml 24×104 93×105 93×105 93×104 43×103 ≤ 7500 ≤ 10000 SMEWW 9221 D QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW6-HT SW7-HT SW8-HT SW9-HT SW10-HT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0328 1510.0330 1510.0332 1510.0382 1510.0380 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method (2012) Ghi chú/Note: Phương pháp lấy mẫu nước mặt/Surface sampling: TCVN 6663-6:2008 (ISO 5667- 6:2005 SW6-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/ Measuring/analyzing method Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben is accredited by VILAS. Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt/ National SW7-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – technical regulation on surface water quality. Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích./ SW8-HT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) SW9-HT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc / Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10-HT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0319-0321-0323-0325-0327 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Nước mặt – Triều kiệt Type of sample : Surface water – Low tide QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-LT SW2-LT SW3-LT SW4-LT SW5-LT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0319 1510.0321 1510.0323 1510.0325 1510.0327 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method TCVN 6492:2011 () 1 pH, at 25oC - 6.60 6.89 6.60 7.05 7.07 5.5 – 9 5.5 – 9 (ISO 10523:2008) Độ cứng tổng/ 2 mgCaCO3/l 6 24 24 44 52 - - SMEWW 2340 C (2012) Total hardness Độ đục/ SMEWW 2130 B (2012) 3 NTU 65.9 96.8 83.1 57.2 201 - - Turbidity ( ) 4 Độ màu/ Color Pt-Co 36 33 98 84 119 - - SMEWW 2120 C (2012) SMEWW 4500-O.G 5 DO mgO2/l 0.89 0.28 0.15 0.45 0.04 ≥4 ≥2 (2012) () SMEWW 2540 D 6 TSS mg/l 74 112 57 61 163 ≤ 50 ≤ 100 (2012) () 7 TDS mg/l 110 205 425 290 320 - - SOP-HTN06 QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-LT SW2-LT SW3-LT SW4-LT SW5-LT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0319 1510.0321 1510.0323 1510.0325 1510.0327 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method 8 COD mgO2/l 20 37 253 53 116 ≤ 30 ≤ 50 SMEWW 5220C (2012) SMEWW 5210 B (2012) 9 BOD5 mgO2/l 8 21 200 26 70 ≤ 15 ≤ 25 ( ) SMEWW 4500-NH4+ .C (2012) () & 10 N-NH4+ mg/l 2.2 5.6 20.2 7.0 20.2 ≤ 0.5 ≤1 SMEWW 4500-NH4+.F (2012) () SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 11 Cl- mg/l 20.7 36.9 94.0 54.8 55.9 ≤ 600 - ( ) KPH/ND SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 12 F- mg/l 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.12 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 (LOD = 0.03) ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND - SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 13 N-NO2 mg/l 0.23 0.04 0.15 (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.04 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 14 N-NO3- mg/l 0.31 (LOD = (LOD = 0.02 (LOD = ≤ 10 ≤ 15 ( ) 0.015) 0.015) 0.015) SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 15 SO42- mg/l 39.8 45.9 49.1 82.3 24.8 - - ( ) SMEWW 4500-P&D 16 P-PO43- mg/l 0.15 0.25 1.40 0.86 1.63 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 0.5 (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 17 As mg/l 0.009 0.005 (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.1 ( ) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) 18 Cd mg/l KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-LT SW2-LT SW3-LT SW4-LT SW5-LT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0319 1510.0321 1510.0323 1510.0325 1510.0327 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ( ) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 19 Pb mg/l (LOD = 0007 (LOD = (LOD = 0.011 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 20 Cr mg/l (LOD = 0.009 (LOD = 0.006 0.015 - - ( ) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 21 Cu mg/l (LOD = 0.022 0.169 0.018 0.056 ≤ 0.5 ≤1 ( ) 0.005) KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 22 Zn mg/l (LOD = 0.033 0.030 (LOD = 0.081 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 23 Mn mg/l 0.128 0.235 0.075 0.287 0.364 - - ( ) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 24 Fe mg/l 2.79 4.97 0.677 2.54 7.39 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 25 Hg mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = 0.005 ≤ 0.001 ≤ 0.002 ( ) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) Dầu. mỡ/ KPH/ND KPH/ND 26 mg/l 0.5 0.2 0.3 ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.3 SMEWW 5520 (2012) Oil & grease (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) 27 E. Coli MPN/100ml 24×103 24×104 93×104 24×104 93×104 ≤ 100 ≤ 200 SMEWW 9221 F (2012) 28 Coliform MPN/100ml 93×103 24×105 93×105 93×104 43×105 ≤ 7500 ≤ 10000 SMEWW 9221 D QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW1-LT SW2-LT SW3-LT SW4-LT SW5-LT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0319 1510.0321 1510.0323 1510.0325 1510.0327 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method (2012) Ghi chú/Note: Phương pháp lấy mẫu nước mặt/Surface sampling: TCVN 6663-6:2008 (ISO 5667- SW1-LT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from 6:2005)/ Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/ Measuring/analyzing SW2-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – method is accredited by VILAS. Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt/ Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602849;1197393) National technical regulation on surface water quality. SW3-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích./ Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602742;1197488) ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection SW4-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602361;1198764) SW5-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0601002;199835) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0329-0331-0333-0381-0383 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Nước mặt – Triều kiệt Type of sample : Surface water – Low tide QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW6-LT SW7-LT SW8-LT SW9-LT SW10-LT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0329 1510.0331 1510.0333 1510.0383 1510.0381 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method TCVN 6492:2011 () 1 pH, at 25oC - 6.99 6.83 7.28 6.98 6.89 5.5 – 9 5.5 – 9 (ISO 10523:2008) Độ cứng tổng/ 2 mgCaCO3/l 64 40 56 118 114 - - SMEWW 2340 C (2012) Total hardness Độ đục/ SMEWW 2130 B (2012) 3 NTU 57.6 30.1 38.6 65.1 81.6 - - Turbidity ( ) 4 Độ màu/ Color Pt-Co 115 82 145 31 28 - - SMEWW 2120 C (2012) SMEWW 4500-O.G 5 DO mgO2/l 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.32 0.08 ≥4 ≥2 (2012) () SMEWW 2540 D (2012) 6 TSS mg/l 119 17 40 64 80 ≤ 50 ≤ 100 ( ) 7 TDS mg/l 435 270 455 420 455 - - SOP-HTN06 QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW6-LT SW7-LT SW8-LT SW9-LT SW10-LT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0329 1510.0331 1510.0333 1510.0383 1510.0381 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method SMEWW 5220C (2012) 8 COD mgO2/l 144 112 93 48 43 ≤ 30 ≤ 50 ( ) SMEWW 5210 B (2012) 9 BOD5 mgO2/l 93 76 60 15 13 ≤ 15 ≤ 25 ( ) SMEWW 4500-NH4+ .C 10 N-NH4+ mg/l 19.0 15.7 12.3 5.9 5.6 ≤ 0.5 ≤1 (2012) () SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 11 Cl- mg/l 87.9 53.3 113.3 123.0 174.7 ≤ 600 - ( ) SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 12 F- mg/l 0.12 0.09 0.21 0.39 0.44 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 13 N-NO2 mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.04 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 4500-NO3-.B 14 N-NO3- mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = 0.16 0.17 ≤ 10 ≤ 15 (2012) () 0.015) 0.015) 0.015) SMEWW 4110 B (2012) 15 SO42- mg/l 41.0 25.2 62.6 68.6 72.4 - - ( ) SMEWW 4500-P&D 16 P-PO43- mg/l 1.62 1.08 1.61 0.25 0.17 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 0.5 (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 17 As mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.1 ( ) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) 0.004) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 18 Cd mg/l ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.01 (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ( ) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị SW6-LT SW7-LT SW8-LT SW9-LT SW10-LT 08:2008/BTNMT phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0329 1510.0331 1510.0333 1510.0383 1510.0381 Measuring/Analyzing Level B1 Level B2 method 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 19 Pb mg/l (LOD = (LOD = 0.010 (LOD = 0.006 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.05 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 20 Cr mg/l 0.007 (LOD = 0.019 0.015 0.011 - - ( ) 0.003) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 21 Cu mg/l 0.015 0.006 0.023 0.015 0.006 ≤ 0.5 ≤1 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 22 Zn mg/l 0.037 (LOD = 0.063 (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 23 Mn mg/l 0.197 0.086 0.394 0.485 0.559 - - ( ) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 24 Fe mg/l 3.60 0.965 3.86 3.62 3.98 ≤ 1.5 ≤2 ( ) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 25 Hg mg/l (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = (LOD = ≤ 0.001 ≤ 0.002 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) Dầu. mỡ/ KPH/ND 26 mg/l 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.3 SMEWW 5520 C (2012) Oil & grease (LOD = 0.1) 27 E. Coli MPN/100ml 24×105 24×105 24×105 93×103 24×103 ≤ 100 ≤ 200 SMEWW 9221 F (2012) 28 Coliform MPN/100ml 93×105 24×106 24×106 43×104 24×104 ≤ 7500 ≤ 10000 SMEWW 9221 D (2012) Ghi chú/Note: Phương pháp lấy mẫu nước mặt/ Surface sampling: TCVN 6663-6:2008 (ISO 5667- 6:2005 SW6-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/ Measuring/analyzing method is Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben accredited by VILAS. Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt/ National SW7-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – technical regulation on surface water quality. Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích./ SW8-LT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location at ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection the Tham Luong bridge. after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) SW9-LT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc, KCN An Lac / Location at the Tham Luong bridge, Tan Tao Industrial Park. (0593163;1186046) SW10-LT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide . KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH ĐỘNG VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF AQUATIC PLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0318-0320-0322-0324-0326 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-HT SV2-HT SV3-HT SV4-HT SV5-HT PROTOZOA Paramoecidae Paramoecium putrinum Clap. & 1 Lach. ROTATORIA Philodinidae 2 Philodina roseola (Ehrenberg) 100 3 Rotaria rotaria (Pallas) 200 Notommatidae 4 Scaridium longicaudum (O.F. Muller) 400 OLIGOCHAETA Naididae 5 Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg 200 CLADOCERA Sididae 6 Diaphanosoma excisum Sars Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum 7 Fischer Daphniidae 8 Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Richard 200 9 Moina dubia de Guerne et Richard 400 300 Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-HT SV2-HT SV3-HT SV4-HT SV5-HT Chydoridae 10 Euryalona orientalis (Dalay) 100 COPEPODA Diaptomidae Eodiaptomus draconisignivomi 11 Brehm Cyclopidae 12 Mesocyclops leickarti (Claus) 13 Thermocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg) 200 OSTRACODA Cypridae 14 Heterocypris anomala Klie 200 100 100 INSECTA Tomoceridae 15 Tomocerus sp. LARVA 16 Nauplius copepoda Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 500 700 600 400 300 Ghi chú/Note: SW1-HT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) SW2-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) SW3-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) SW4-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) SW5-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0601002;1199835) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH ĐỘNG VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF AQUATIC PLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0319-0321-0323-0325-0327 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-LT SV2-LT SV3-LT SV4-LT SV5-LT PROTOZOA Paramoecidae Paramoecium putrinum Clap. & 1 Lach. 200 ROTATORIA Philodinidae 2 Philodina roseola (Ehrenberg) 400 200 100 3 Rotaria rotaria (Pallas) 200 Notommatidae 4 Scaridium longicaudum (O.F. Muller) 100 OLIGOCHAETA Naididae 5 Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg 100 CLADOCERA Sididae 6 Diaphanosoma excisum Sars Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum 7 Fischer Daphniidae 8 Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Richard 400 9 Moina dubia de Guerne et Richard 400 500 Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-LT SV2-LT SV3-LT SV4-LT SV5-LT Chydoridae 10 Euryalona orientalis (Dalay) 200 COPEPODA Diaptomidae Eodiaptomus draconisignivomi 11 Brehm Cyclopidae 12 Mesocyclops leickarti (Claus) 13 Thermocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg) 100 300 OSTRACODA Cypridae 14 Heterocypris anomala Klie 200 200 100 INSECTA Tomoceridae 15 Tomocerus sp. LARVA 16 Nauplius copepoda 100 Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 800 700 1.100 600 600 Ghi chú/Note: SW1-LT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) SW2-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602849;1197393) SW3-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602742;1197488) SW4-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602361;1198764) SW5-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0601002;199835) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH ĐỘNG VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF AQUATIC PLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0328-0330-0332-0380-0382 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-HT SV7-HT SV8-HT SV9-HT SV10-HT PROTOZOA Paramoecidae Paramoecium putrinum Clap. & 600 1 Lach. ROTATORIA Philodinidae 2 Philodina roseola (Ehrenberg) 200 3 Rotaria rotaria (Pallas) 200 Notommatidae 4 Scaridium longicaudum (O.F. Muller) OLIGOCHAETA Naididae 5 Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg CLADOCERA Sididae 6 Diaphanosoma excisum Sars 500 Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum 300 7 Fischer Daphniidae 8 Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Richard 100 9 Moina dubia de Guerne et Richard 200 200 300 600 Chydoridae 10 Euryalona orientalis (Dalay) COPEPODA Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-HT SV7-HT SV8-HT SV9-HT SV10-HT Diaptomidae Eodiaptomus draconisignivomi 100 11 Brehm Cyclopidae 12 Mesocyclops leickarti (Claus) 100 100 13 Thermocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg) 2.800 200 1.200 OSTRACODA Cypridae 14 Heterocypris anomala Klie 100 400 INSECTA Tomoceridae 15 Tomocerus sp. 100 LARVA 16 Nauplius copepoda 300 200 400 Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 400 4.300 600 800 3.100 Ghi chú/Note: SW6-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) SW7-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) SW8-HT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park. (0595884;1196999) SW9-HT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc / Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10-HT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH ĐỘNG VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF AQUATIC PLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0329-0331-0333-0381-0383 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-LT SV7-LT SV8-LT SV9-LT SV10-LT PROTOZOA Paramoecidae Paramoecium putrinum Clap. & 800 1 Lach. ROTATORIA Philodinidae 2 Philodina roseola (Ehrenberg) 200 200 3 Rotaria rotaria (Pallas) Notommatidae 4 Scaridium longicaudum (O.F. Muller) OLIGOCHAETA Naididae 5 Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg CLADOCERA Sididae 6 Diaphanosoma excisum Sars 400 Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum 500 7 Fischer Daphniidae 8 Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Richard 100 9 Moina dubia de Guerne et Richard 300 700 100 Chydoridae 10 Euryalona orientalis (Dalay) COPEPODA Diaptomidae Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-LT SV7-LT SV8-LT SV9-LT SV10-LT Eodiaptomus draconisignivomi 11 Brehm Cyclopidae 12 Mesocyclops leickarti (Claus) 200 300 100 13 Thermocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg) 1.000 500 800 900 OSTRACODA Cypridae 14 Heterocypris anomala Klie 200 100 INSECTA Tomoceridae 15 Tomocerus sp. 100 LARVA 16 Nauplius copepoda 100 Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 700 2.100 1.300 2.100 1.400 Ghi chú/Note: SW6-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) SW7-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) SW8-LT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge. after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park. (0595884;1196999) SW9-LT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc, KCN An Lac / Location at the Tham Luong bridge, Tan Tao Industrial Park. (0593163;1186046) SW10-LT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỘNG VẬT ĐÁY ANALYZING RESULT OF BENTHOS Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0318-0320-0322-0324-0326 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-HT SV2-HT SV3-HT SV4-HT SV5-HT PHYLUM ANNELIDA CLASS OLIGOCHAETA Order TUBIFICA Family Tubificidae 1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede 560 0 0 100 0 2 Branchiura sowerby Beddard 60 20 0 20 0 3 Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet) 40 40 0 0 0 Số lượng (cá thể/m2) 660 60 0 120 0 Ghi chú/Note: SW1-HT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) SW2-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) SW3-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) SW4-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) SW5-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0601002;1199835) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỘNG VẬT ĐÁY ANALYZING RESULT OF BENTHOS Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0319-0321-0323-0325-0327 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-LT SV2-LT SV3-LT SV4-LT SV5-LT PHYLUM ANNELIDA CLASS OLIGOCHAETA Order TUBIFICA Family Tubificidae 1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede 300 40 0 60 0 2 Branchiura sowerby Beddard 40 0 0 0 0 3 Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet) 40 0 0 0 40 Số lượng (cá thể/m2) 380 40 0 60 40 Ghi chú/Note: SW1-LT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) SW2-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) SW3-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) SW4-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) SW5-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0601002;1199835) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỘNG VẬT ĐÁY ANALYZING RESULT OF BENTHOS Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0328-0330-0332-0380-0382 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-HT SV7-HT SV8-HT SV9-HT SV10-HT PHYLUM ANNELIDA CLASS OLIGOCHAETA Order TUBIFICA Family Tubificidae 1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede 0 0 0 0 0 2 Branchiura sowerby Beddard 0 0 0 0 40 3 Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet) 0 0 0 0 20 Số lượng (cá thể/m2) 0 0 0 0 60 Ghi chú/Note: SW6-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) SW7-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) SW8-HT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) SW9-HT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc / Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10-HT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỘNG VẬT ĐÁY ANALYZING RESULT OF BENTHOS Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0329-0331-0333-0381-0383 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-LT SV7-LT SV8-LT SV9-LT SV10-LT PHYLUM ANNELIDA CLASS OLIGOCHAETA Order TUBIFICA Family Tubificidae 1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede 0 0 0 0 40 2 Branchiura sowerby Beddard 0 0 0 0 20 3 Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet) 0 0 0 0 100 Số lượng (cá thể/m2) 0 0 0 0 160 Ghi chú/Note: SW6-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) SW7-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) SW8-LT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) SW9-LT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc / Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10-LT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH THỰC VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF PHYTOPLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0318-0320-0322-0324-0326 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-HT SV2-HT SV3-HT SV4-HT SV5-HT Lớp Cyanophyceae 1 Oscillatoria sp.1 50.000 560.000 1.130.000 820.000 2.920.000 2 Oscillatoria sp.2 0 0 490.000 430.000 1.630.000 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Centrales) 0 0 0 0 0 3 Coscinodiscus radiatus 150.000 90.000 0 0 40.000 4 Coscinodiscus sp.1 0 35.000 0 0 0 5 Coscinodiscus sp.2 0 15.000 0 0 0 6 Cyclotella meneghiniana 400.000 630.000 30.000 1.240.000 330.000 7 Melosira grannulata 14.060.000 2.710.000 1.800.000 4.530.000 5.750.000 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Pennales) 0 0 0 0 0 8 Cymbella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 9 Eunotia major 0 90.000 0 40.000 0 10 Gyrosigma balticum 0 0 0 0 0 11 Navicula pusilla 0 140.000 0 40.000 0 12 Nitzschia sigma 0 40.000 0 0 30.000 13 Nitzschia vitrea 0 0 0 0 0 14 Pleurosigma sinensis 0 0 0 0 0 Lớp Chlorophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 15 Actinastrum hantzschii 940.000 80.000 0 0 0 16 Ankistrodesmus gracilis 0 0 0 0 0 17 Ankistrodesmus spiralis 0 0 0 0 0 18 Crucigenia lauterbonei 410.000 20.000 0 0 0 19 Pandorina morum 0 0 0 0 0 20 Pediastrum duplex 120.000 160.000 10.000 130.000 0 Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-HT SV2-HT SV3-HT SV4-HT SV5-HT 21 Pediastrum tetras 0 50.000 20.000 0 70.000 22 Scenedesmus accuminatus 2.280.000 170.000 0 440.000 310.000 23 Scenedesmus quadricauda 190.000 180.000 0 160.000 120.000 Lớp Euglenophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 24 Euglena acus 0 30.000 50.000 40.000 0 25 Euglena oxyuris 0 40.000 20.000 0 0 26 Lepocinclis fusiformis 0 0 0 0 0 27 Lepocinclis ovum 0 0 0 0 0 28 Phacus curvicauda 0 0 0 0 0 29 Phacus longicauda 0 0 0 30.000 40.000 30 Phacus pleuronectes 80.000 110.000 0 0 0 31 Phacus tortus 0 0 0 20.000 0 Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 18.680.000 5.150.000 3.550.000 7.920.000 11.240.000 Ghi chú/Note: SW1-HT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) SW2-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) SW3-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) SW4-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) SW5-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0601002;1199835) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH THỰC VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF PHYTOPLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0319-0321-0323-0325-0327 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-LT SV2-LT SV3-LT SV4-LT SV5-LT Lớp Cyanophyceae 1 Oscillatoria sp.1 110.000 0 1.840.000 270.000 1.920.000 2 Oscillatoria sp.2 0 0 620.000 125.000 985.000 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Centrales) 0 0 0 0 0 3 Coscinodiscus radiatus 130.000 0 0 0 0 4 Coscinodiscus sp.1 0 0 0 0 0 5 Coscinodiscus sp.2 0 180.000 0 0 0 6 Cyclotella meneghiniana 380.000 400.000 0 725.000 1.425.000 7 Melosira grannulata 2.400.000 2.100.000 1.175.000 1.770.000 2.985.000 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Pennales) 0 0 0 0 0 8 Cymbella sp. 40.000 10.000 0 25.000 0 9 Eunotia major 30.000 100.000 0 0 0 10 Gyrosigma balticum 0 0 0 0 0 11 Navicula pusilla 80.000 0 0 45.000 50.000 12 Nitzschia sigma 0 125.000 0 0 0 13 Nitzschia vitrea 20.000 0 0 0 0 14 Pleurosigma sinensis 0 0 0 0 0 Lớp Chlorophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 15 Actinastrum hantzschii 50.000 225.000 0 0 0 16 Ankistrodesmus gracilis 0 0 0 0 0 17 Ankistrodesmus spiralis 0 0 0 0 0 18 Crucigenia lauterbonei 0 0 0 0 0 19 Pandorina morum 0 0 0 0 0 20 Pediastrum duplex 20.000 120.000 0 60.000 0 Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV1-LT SV2-LT SV3-LT SV4-LT SV5-LT 21 Pediastrum tetras 0 125.000 0 20.000 0 22 Scenedesmus accuminatus 80.000 740.000 0 140.000 795.000 23 Scenedesmus quadricauda 0 105.000 0 295.000 240.000 Lớp Euglenophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 24 Euglena acus 20.000 10.000 75.000 40.000 0 25 Euglena oxyuris 0 0 125.000 0 0 26 Lepocinclis fusiformis 0 0 0 0 0 27 Lepocinclis ovum 0 0 0 0 0 28 Phacus curvicauda 0 0 0 0 0 29 Phacus longicauda 20.000 25.000 0 0 60.000 30 Phacus pleuronectes 0 75.000 0 0 0 31 Phacus tortus 0 0 0 50.000 0 Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 3.380.000 4.340.000 3.835.000 3.565.000 8.460.000 Ghi chú/Note: SW1-LT: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200m về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) SW2-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) SW3-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) SW4-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) SW5-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0601002;1199835) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH THỰC VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF PHYTOPLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0328-0330-0332-0380-0382 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-HT SV7-HT SV8-HT SV9-HT SV10-HT Lớp Cyanophyceae 1 Oscillatoria sp.1 2.380.000 60.000 3.980.000 630.000 270.000 2 Oscillatoria sp.2 0 0 400.000 520.000 0 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Centrales) 0 0 0 0 0 3 Coscinodiscus radiatus 0 0 0 0 0 4 Coscinodiscus sp.1 0 0 0 0 0 5 Coscinodiscus sp.2 0 0 0 0 0 6 Cyclotella meneghiniana 280.000 0 50.000 0 2.160.000 7 Melosira grannulata 710.000 1.730.000 1.380.000 2.920.000 8.100.000 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Pennales) 0 0 0 0 0 8 Cymbella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 9 Eunotia major 0 0 0 0 0 10 Gyrosigma balticum 0 0 0 320.000 0 11 Navicula pusilla 30.000 40.000 0 220.000 270.000 12 Nitzschia sigma 0 0 0 0 60.000 13 Nitzschia vitrea 0 0 0 0 0 14 Pleurosigma sinensis 30.000 0 0 280.000 0 Lớp Chlorophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 15 Actinastrum hantzschii 30.000 0 0 840.000 4.230.000 16 Ankistrodesmus gracilis 0 1.390.000 0 0 0 17 Ankistrodesmus spiralis 0 2.810.000 130.000 0 0 18 Crucigenia lauterbonei 0 0 0 0 0 19 Pandorina morum 0 0 0 460.000 0 20 Pediastrum duplex 0 120.000 30.000 380.000 540.000 Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-HT SV7-HT SV8-HT SV9-HT SV10-HT 21 Pediastrum tetras 310.000 3.480.000 190.000 60.000 0 22 Scenedesmus accuminatus 90.000 70.000 20.000 1.120.000 5.850.000 23 Scenedesmus quadricauda 220.000 540.000 70.000 540.000 990.000 Lớp Euglenophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 24 Euglena acus 0 0 60.000 360.000 630.000 25 Euglena oxyuris 0 0 0 40.000 80.000 26 Lepocinclis fusiformis 0 0 0 0 450.000 27 Lepocinclis ovum 0 0 0 0 180.000 28 Phacus curvicauda 0 0 0 360.000 540.000 29 Phacus longicauda 0 40.000 0 140.000 540.000 30 Phacus pleuronectes 60.000 0 0 340.000 90.000 31 Phacus tortus 0 0 0 80.000 270.000 Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 4.140.000 10.280.000 6.310.000 9.610.000 25.250.000 Ghi chú/Note: SW6-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) SW7-HT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) SW8-HT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) SW9-HT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc / Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10-HT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) HT: Triều cường/ High tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH PHIÊU SINH THỰC VẬT ANALYZING RESULT OF PHYTOPLANKTON Số phiếu/ No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0329-0331-0333-0381-0383 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Project Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 Sampling date Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-LT SV7-LT SV8-LT SV9-LT SV10-LT Lớp Cyanophyceae 1 Oscillatoria sp.1 1.290.000 900.000 6.270.000 140.000 180.000 2 Oscillatoria sp.2 610.000 0 290.000 0 0 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Centrales) 0 0 0 0 0 3 Coscinodiscus radiatus 0 0 0 0 0 4 Coscinodiscus sp.1 0 0 0 0 0 5 Coscinodiscus sp.2 0 0 0 0 0 6 Cyclotella meneghiniana 1.900.000 750.000 0 775.000 740.000 7 Melosira grannulata 4.705.000 1.420.000 240.000 2.820.000 800.000 Lớp Bacillariophyceae (bộ Pennales) 0 0 0 0 0 8 Cymbella sp. 0 0 0 0 0 9 Eunotia major 0 0 0 0 0 10 Gyrosigma balticum 0 0 0 0 0 11 Navicula pusilla 0 0 0 290.000 40.000 12 Nitzschia sigma 0 0 0 90.000 0 13 Nitzschia vitrea 0 0 0 0 0 14 Pleurosigma sinensis 0 0 0 0 0 Lớp Chlorophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 15 Actinastrum hantzschii 0 0 0 3.240.000 1.020.000 16 Ankistrodesmus gracilis 0 1.770.000 620.000 0 0 17 Ankistrodesmus spiralis 0 1.425.000 0 0 0 18 Crucigenia lauterbonei 0 0 0 0 0 19 Pandorina morum 0 0 0 0 130.000 Vị trí lấy mẫu Stt Tên khoa học Location No Science name SV6-LT SV7-LT SV8-LT SV9-LT SV10-LT 20 Pediastrum duplex 0 0 75.000 290.000 40.000 21 Pediastrum tetras 0 4.915.000 240.000 0 0 22 Scenedesmus accuminatus 0 70.000 700.000 1.835.000 780.000 23 Scenedesmus quadricauda 125.000 295.000 125.000 125.000 90.000 Lớp Euglenophyceae 0 0 0 0 0 24 Euglena acus 70.000 0 25.000 470.000 170.000 25 Euglena oxyuris 60.000 0 90.000 110.000 110.000 26 Lepocinclis fusiformis 0 0 0 290.000 0 27 Lepocinclis ovum 0 0 0 60.000 160.000 28 Phacus curvicauda 0 0 0 0 20.000 29 Phacus longicauda 0 0 0 180.000 60.000 30 Phacus pleuronectes 0 0 0 1.400.000 0 31 Phacus tortus 0 0 0 110.000 0 Số lượng (cá thể/m3) 8.760.000 11.545.000 8.675.000 12.225.000 4.340.000 Ghi chú/Note: SW6-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) SW7-LT: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) SW8-LT: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương. sau điểm xả nước thải của KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) SW9-LT: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc / Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10-LT: Vị trí cách sông Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) LT: Triều kiệt/ Low tide KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code1510.0299-0301.0377 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Nước ngầm Type of sample Groundwater Phương pháp đo đạc/phân Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 QCVN 09:2008/ tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0299 1510.0300 1510.0301 1510.0377 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method TCVN 6492:2011 () 1 pH, at 25oC - 4.41 4.18 4.25 3.65 5.5 – 8.5 ISO 10523:2008 Độ đục/ KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 2 NTU 31.9 - SMEWW 2130 B (2012) () Turbidity (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) 3 Cl- mg/l 81.1 101.9 56.7 93.0 ≤ 250 SMEWW 4110 B (2012) () 4 TDS mg/l 269 254 179 668 - SOP-HTN06 5 TS mg/l 269 254 179 673 ≤ 1500 SMEWW 2540 B (2012) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6186 :1996 6 COD (KMnO4) mgO2/l 0.8 ≤4 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) ISO 8467:1993 (E) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 7 BOD5 mgO2/l - SMEWW 5210 B (2012) () (LOD = 2) (LOD = 2) (LOD = 2) (LOD = 2) TCVN SMEWW 4500-NH4+.F 8 N-NH4+ mg/l 9.3 0.14 1.87 0.14 ≤ 0.1 (2012) () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 QCVN 09:2008/ tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0299 1510.0300 1510.0301 1510.0377 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 9 N-NO2- mg/l ≤ 1.0 SMEWW 4110 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) 10 N-NO3- mg/l 10.5 0.78 9.09 0.17 ≤ 15 SMEWW 4110 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 11 P-PO43- mg/l - SMEWW 4500-P.D (2012) () (LOD = 0.01) (LOD = 0.01) (LOD = 0.01) (LOD = 0.01) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 12 As mg/l ≤ 0.05 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.004) (LOD = 0.004) (LOD = 0.004) (LOD = 0.004) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 13 Cd mg/l ≤ 0.005 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND 14 Pb mg/l 0.006 0.010 ≤ 0.01 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.005) (LOD = 0.005) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 15 Hg mg/l ≤ 0.001 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) (LOD = 0.001) (LOD = 0.001) (LOD = 0.001) (LOD = 0.001) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 16 Cr mg/l - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) 17 Fe mg/l 0.017 0.023 0.008 17.64 ≤5 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () Dầu mỡ/ KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 18 mg/l - SMEWW 5520 C (2012) Oil & grease (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) Không phát 19 E.Coli MPN/100ml KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND hiện thấy/ Not SMEWW 9221 F (2012) detected 20 Coliform MPN/100ml KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND ≤3 SMEWW 9221 D (2012) Phương pháp đo đạc/phân Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 QCVN 09:2008/ tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0299 1510.0300 1510.0301 1510.0377 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công GW1: Đoạn từ sông Sài Gòn đến cầu An Lộc, tại khu vực rạch Chín Xiểng (giếng tại sân bóng đá Thái Sơn nhận/Measuring/analyzing method is accredited by VILAS. – 566/45 Nguyễn Thái Sơn - khoan năm 2012. sâu 35m)/ The distance from Sai Gon river to An Loc bridge, Phương pháp lấy mẫu nước ngầm/ Groudwater samling: TCVN 6663- at Chin Xieng canal area (well at Thai Son football ground – 566/45 Nguyen Thai Son Street – drilled in 11:2011 (ISO 5667-11:1992). 2012, 35m depth).(0602939;1197249) QCVN09:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước GW2: Đoạn từ cầu An Lộc đến cầu Trường Đại, tại khu vực rạch Cầu Cụt (giếng tại nhà ông cụ tại rạch Cầu ngầm/ National technical regulation underground water quality. Cụt – 1396/76 Lê Đức Thọ, phường 13, quận Gò Vấp - khoan năm 1997. sâu 30m )/ The distance from An Loc bridge to Truong Dai bridge, at Cau Cut cannal area. (well at household at Cau Cut cannal – 1396/76 KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo Le Duc Tho, Ward 13, Go Vap district - drilled in 1997, 30m depth) (0589803;1200432) đạc/phân tích./ GW3: Đoạn từ cầu Trường Đại đến cầu Chợ Cầu.,tại khu vực cầu Trường Đai (giếng tại Công ty Nam ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection Bang.khoan năm 2005. sâu 100m)/ The distance from Truong Dai bridge to Cho Cau bridge, at Truong Dai bridge area (well at Nam Bang company, drilled in 2005,100m depth) (0598243;1200684). GW4: Đo3;1từ cầu Chợ Đệm đến cầu Tham Lương, tại kênh Hy Vọng (giếng tại xưởng mộc, khoan năm 2012, sâu 30m)/The distance from Cho Dem bridge to Tham Luong bridge, at Hy Vong canal ( well at woodshop, drilled in 2012. 30m depth)(0596049;1197162) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1151015 – MS/Code1510.0372-0376 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Nước ngầm Type of sample : Groundwater Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 QCVN 09:2008/ Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0376 1510.0375 1510.0374 1510.0373 1510.0372 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method TCVN 6492:2011 () 1 pH - 4.59 5.20 6.04 5.84 6.17 5.5 – 8.5 ISO 10523:2008 Độ đục/ KPH/ND KPH/ND 2 NTU 2.34 28.3 58.7 - SMEWW 2130 B (2012) () Turbidity (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) 3 Cl- mg/l 170.0 18.0 143.0 19 41.0 ≤ 250 SMEWW 4110 B (2012) () 4 TDS mg/l 316 48.9 249 78.5 138.8 - SOP-HTN06 5 TS mg/l 316 48.9 249 83 149 ≤ 1500 SMEWW 2540 B (2012) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6186 :1996 6 COD (KMnO4) mgO2/l ≤4 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) ISO 8467:1993 (E) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 7 BOD5 mgO2/l - SMEWW 5210 B (2012) () (LOD =2) (LOD =2) (LOD =2) (LOD =2) (LOD =2) TCVN SMEWW 4500-NH4+.F 8 N-NH4+ mg/l 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.17 0.12 ≤ 0.1 (2012) () Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 QCVN 09:2008/ Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0376 1510.0375 1510.0374 1510.0373 1510.0372 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 9 N-NO2- mg/l ≤ 1.0 SMEWW 4110 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND 10 N-NO3- mg/l 4.70 0.19 0.17 ≤ 15 SMEWW 4110 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.015) (LOD = 0.015) KPH /ND KPH /ND KPH /ND KPH /ND KPH /ND 11 P-PO43- mg/l - SMEWW 4500-P.D (2012) () (LOD = 0.01) (LOD = 0.01) (LOD = 0.01) (LOD = 0.01) (LOD = 0.01) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 12 As mg/l 0.005 ≤ 0.05 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.004) (LOD = 0.004) (LOD = 0.004) (LOD = 0.004) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 13 Cd mg/l ≤ 0.005 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 14 Pb mg/l 0.007 ≤ 0.01 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.005) (LOD = 0.005) (LOD = 0.005) (LOD = 0.005) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 15 Hg mg/l ≤ 0.001 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) (LOD = 0.001) (LOD = 0.001) (LOD = 0.001) (LOD = 0.001) (LOD = 0.001) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 16 Cr mg/l - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) (LOD = 0.003) 17 Fe mg/l 0.036 0.091 0.005 5.25 6.76 ≤5 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () Dầu mỡ/ KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 18 mg/l - SMEWW 5520 C (2012) Oil & grease (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) (LOD = 0.1) Không phát hiện 19 E.Coli MPN/100ml KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND thấy/ Not SMEWW 9221 F (2012) detected 20 Coliform MPN/100ml KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND ≤3 SMEWW 9221 D (2012) Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công GW5: Đoạn từ cầu Tham Lương đến cống Cầu Bưng, tại cầu Tham Lương (quán nước mía cạnh cầu Tham nhận/Measuring/analyzing method is accredited by VILAS. Lương, khoan năm 2000, sâu 20m)/ The distance from Tham Luong to Cau Bung bridge, at Tham Luong Phương pháp lấy mẫu nước ngầm/ Groudwater samling: TCVN 6663- bridge (store near Tham Luong bridge, drilled in 2000, 20m depth) (0595775;1196964). 11:2011 (ISO 5667-11:1992). GW6: Đoạn từ cống Cầu Bưng đến cầu Bình Thuận, tại cầu Bình Thuận (hộ dân Nguyễn Thị Viết – 839/5 QCVN09:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước QL1A, khu phố 1, phường Bình Hưng Hòa, Bình Tân - khoan khoảng từ 2000-2003, sâu 80m)/ The distance ngầm/ National technical regulation underground water quality. from Cau Bung bridge to Binh Thuan bridge, at Binh Thuan bridge (well at Nguyen Thi Viet household – 839/5, National Highway No.1A, Town 1, Binh Hung Hoa ward, Binh Tan District - drilled between in 2000- KPH: Không phát hiện, LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo 2003, 80m depth) (0592222;1192541). đạc/phân tích./ GW7: Đoạn từ cầu Bình Thuận đến cầu Bà Hom, tại cầu Bà Hom (Chị Thuận – 35 đường Bờ Sông, khu phố ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection 2, phường Tân Tạo A, Quận Bình Tân - khoan đã hơn 10 năm, sâu 120m)/ The distance from Binh Thuan bridge to Ba Hom bridge, at ba Hom bridge (well at Ms.Thuan household – 35 Bo Song street, Town 2, Tan Tao A ward, Binh Tan District - drilled more than 10 years, 120m depth) (0591433;1189178). GW8: Đoạn từ cầu An Lạc đến cầu An Lập (tại số nhà 1233 QL1, phường An Lạc, Q. Bình Tân- khoan năm 2011, sâu 140m)/ The distance from An Lac bridge to An Lap bridge (well at household No.1233, National Highway No.1, An Lac ward, Binh Tan District – drilled in 2011, 140m depth) (0592998;1186074). GW9: Đoạn từ cầu Nuoc Len đến sông Chợ Đệm (tại hộ dân Lê Tấn Bê, khoan tháng 08/2015, sâu 150m)/ The distance from Nuoc Len bridge to Cho Dem river (well at Le Tan Be household, drilled in 08/2015, 150m depth) (0593359;1185030) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1041015-1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0293-0294.0378-0379 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Đất Type of sample : Soil QCVN 03:2008/ Phương pháp đo đạc/phân Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị S1 S2 S3 S4 BTNMT tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0379 1510.0378 1510.293 1510.0294 Commercial Measuring/Analyzing Residental land method land TCVN 6649:2000, 1 pH - 3.08 3.47 5.86 3.93 - - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 2 As mg/kgDW 2.37 4.12 1.66 3.00 ≤ 12 ≤ 12 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cd mg/kgDW 0.51 ≤5 ≤5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Cu mg/kgDW 28.8 91.7 48.5 22.8 ≤ 70 ≤ 100 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 21.0 59.8 16.4 16.3 ≤ 120 ≤ 200 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () 6 Zn mg/kgDW 59.4 189 119 28.9 ≤ 200 ≤ 300 TCVN 6649:2000, QCVN 03:2008/ Phương pháp đo đạc/phân Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị S1 S2 S3 S4 BTNMT tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0379 1510.0378 1510.293 1510.0294 Commercial Measuring/Analyzing Residental land method land SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 7 Hg mg/kgDW - - (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () Ghi chú/ Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/Measuring/analyzing method is S1: Đoạn từ cầu Tham Lương đến cầu Chợ Cầu, từ bờ kênh Tham Lương cách kênh Hy Vọng accredited by VILAS. 500m về phía Tham Lương (đất đắp khoảng từ năm 2013)/ The distance from Tham Luong KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích. bridge to Cho Cau bridge, at the Tham Luong canal that distance from the Hy Vong cannal 500m( Soil was covered from 2013) (0596032;1197167) ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. S2: Đoạn từ cầu Tham Lương đến cầu Chợ Cầu, kênh Hy Vong (đất đắp khoảng từ năm 2012- DW: Dry weight. 2013)/ The distance from Tham Luong bridge to Cho Cau bridge , the Hy Vong cannal QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về giới hạn cho phép của kim loại (0596141;1197414) nặng trong đất./National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the S3: Đoạn từ cầu Chợ Cầu đến cầu Trường Đai, tại khu vực cầu Chợ Cầu (đất đang đắp - tháng soils. 10/2015)/ The distance from Cho Cau bridge to Truong Dai bridge, at Cho Cau bridge area.(0587890;1199263) S4: Đoạn từ cầu Chợ Cầu đến cầu Trường Đai, tại khu vực cầu Trường Đai (đất đắp khoảng từ năm 2012-2013)/ The distance from Cho Cau bridge to Truong Dai bridge, at Truong Dai bridge area (Soil was covered from 2012-2013) (0588784;1200502) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1041015 – MS/Code1510.0293-0298 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Đất Type of sample : Soil QCVN 03:2008/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị S5 S6 S7 S8 BTNMT Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0295 1510.0296 1510.0297 1510.0298 Residental Commercial Measuring/Analyzing method land land TCVN 5979 : 2007 1 pH - 3.20 2.55 2.99 2.86 - - (ISO 10390 : 2005) TCVN 6649:2000, 2 As mg/kgDW 3.34 4.00 6.7 8.19 ≤ 12 ≤ 12 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cd mg/kgDW ≤5 ≤5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Cu mg/kgDW 27.7 22.8 85.5 26.3 ≤ 70 ≤ 100 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 22.5 20.0 27.0 24.3 ≤ 120 ≤ 200 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 6 Zn mg/kgDW 71.8 48.1 46.3 46.2 ≤ 200 ≤ 300 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () QCVN 03:2008/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị S5 S6 S7 S8 BTNMT Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0295 1510.0296 1510.0297 1510.0298 Residental Commercial Measuring/Analyzing method land land KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 7 Hg mg/kgDW - - (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/Measuring/analyzing method S5: Đoạn từ cầu Trường Đai đến cầu An Lộc, tại khu vực rạch Cầu Cụt (đất đắp được is accredited by VILAS. khoảng từ năm 2013)/ The distance from Truong Dai to An Loc bridge, at Cau Cut canal KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp. area (Soil was covered from 2013) (0589816;1200448) ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. S6: Đoạn từ cầu Trường Đai đến cầu An Lộc, tại khu vực rạch Bà Miên (đất đắp từ 09/2015)/ The distance from Truong Dai to An Loc bridge. at Ba Mien canal area (Soil DW: Dry weight. was covered from 09/2015) (0591895;1199754) QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về giới hạn cho phép của kim S7: Đoạn từ cầu An Lộc đến sông Sài Gòn, tại khu vực rạch Ông Tổng (đất đắp khoảng từ loại nặng trong đất./National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals năm 2012-2013)/ The distance from An Loc bridge to Sai Gon river, at Ong Tong canal in the soils. area (Soil was covered from 2012-2013)(0593267;1192758) S8: Đoạn từ cầu An Lộc đến sông Sài Gòn, tại khu vực rạch Ông Bầu (đất đắp từ tháng 08/2015)/ The distance from An Loc bridge to Sai Gon river, at Ong Bau canal area (Soil was covered from 08/2015) (0602746;1197511) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0303-0305-0307-0309 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu Bùn đáy – Tầng sâu (0,5m) Type of sample : Sediment – Depth layer (0.5m) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0303 1510.0305 1510.0307 1510.0309 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method TCVN 6649:2000, 1 As mg/kgDW 4.84 5.25 3.48 4.75 ≤ 17.0 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 2 Cd mg/kgDW ≤ 3.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cr mg/kgDW 87.3 68.6 72.8 62.5 ≤ 90 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Hg mg/kgDW ≤ 0.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 40.2 62.7 32.5 25.4 ≤ 91.3 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 6 Fe mg/kgDW 46364 42583 25578 26302 - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () 7 PAHs µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Ref. EPA 8272 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthen µg/kg ≤ 88.9 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthylen µg/kg ≤ 128 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Anthracen µg/kg ≤ 245 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND ( KPH/ND ( KPH/ND ( Benzo(a) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 385 (LOD = 10) LOD = 10) LOD = 10) LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(e) pyren µg/kg ≤ 782 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chrysen µg/kg ≤ 862 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Dibenzo (a.h) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 135 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoranthen µg/kg ≤ 2355 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoren µg/kg ≤ 144 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 2-Methylnapthalen µg/kg ≤ 201 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Naphthalen µg/kg ≤ 391 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) Ref. EPA 8272 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Phenanthren µg/kg ≤ 515 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Pyren µg/kg ≤ 875 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & 8 DDT µg/kg ≤ 4.8 (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) AOAC 2007.01 Thuốc trừ sâu gốc clo/ 9 µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Organochlorine pesticides KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND b-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND AOAC 2007.01 Lindane µg/kg ≤ 1.4 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Aldrin µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor epoxide µg/kg ≤ 2.7 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & g-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chlordane µg/kg ≤ 8.9 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan I µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDE µg/kg ≤ 6.8 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Deildrine µg/kg ≤ 6.7 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine µg/kg ≤ 62.4 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDD µg/kg ≤ 8.5 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan II µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine aldehyde µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan sulfate µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & Methoxychlor µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine keton µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ghi chú/Note: Sed1: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200 về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công the Vam Thuat kennel.(0603441;1197897). nhận/Measuring/analyzing method is accredited by VILAS Sed2: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len đạc/phân tích./ channels.(0602849;1197393) ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. Sed3: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len DW: Dry weight. channels.(0602742;1197488) QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng trầm Sed4: Vị trí tại diểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at tích/ National technical regulation on sediment quality the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels.(0602361;1198764) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLESố phiếu/No: BN1041015 – MS/ Code 1510.0302-0304-0306-0308 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu Type of sample : Bùn đáy – Tầng mặt : Sediment – Surface layer QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0302 1510.0304 1510.0306 1510.0308 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method TCVN 6649:2000, 1 As mg/kgDW 4.44 2.57 5.21 4.77 ≤ 17.0 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 2 Cd mg/kgDW ≤ 3.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cr mg/kgDW 68.6 65.0 60.9 55.4 ≤ 90 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Hg mg/kgDW ≤ 0.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 28.9 46.3 24.5 23.7 ≤ 91.3 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 6 Fe mg/kgDW 35369 33359 30770 28508 - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () 7 PAHs µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Ref. EPA 8272 QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0302 1510.0304 1510.0306 1510.0308 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthen µg/kg ≤ 88.9 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthylen µg/kg ≤ 128 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Anthracen µg/kg ≤ 245 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(a) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 385 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(e) pyren µg/kg ≤ 782 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chrysen µg/kg ≤ 862 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Dibenzo (a.h) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 135 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoranthen µg/kg ≤ 2355 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoren µg/kg ≤ 144 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 2-Methylnapthalen µg/kg ≤ 201 Ref. EPA 8272 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Naphthalen µg/kg ≤ 391 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0302 1510.0304 1510.0306 1510.0308 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Phenanthren µg/kg ≤ 515 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Pyren µg/kg ≤ 875 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & 8 DDT µg/kg ≤ 4.8 (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) AOAC 2007.01 Thuốc trừ sâu gốc clo/ Ref. EPA 1699 & 9 µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Organochlorine pesticides AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & b-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Lindane µg/kg ≤ 1.4 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Aldrin µg/kg - AOAC 2007.01 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor epoxide µg/kg ≤ 2.7 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) a-chlordane µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0302 1510.0304 1510.0306 1510.0308 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chlordane µg/kg ≤ 8.9 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan I µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDE µg/kg ≤ 6.8 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Deildrine µg/kg ≤ 6.7 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine µg/kg ≤ 62.4 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDD µg/kg ≤ 8.5 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan II µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine aldehyde µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND AOAC 2007.01 Endosulfan sulfate µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Methoxychlor µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0302 1510.0304 1510.0306 1510.0308 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine keton µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công Sed1: Vị trí cách sông Sài Gòn 200 về phía cống Vàm Thuật/ Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards nhận/Measuring/analyzing method is accredited by VILAS the Vam Thuat kennel.(0603441;1197897). KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo Sed2: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Chín Xiểng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location đạc/phân tích./ at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. channels.(0602849;1197393) DW: Dry weight. Sed3: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Ông Bầu với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng trầm channels.(0602742;1197488) tích/ National technical regulation on sediment quality Sed4: Vị trí tại diểm giao giữa rạch Ông Tổng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels.(0602361;1198764) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0311-0313-0315-0317 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Bùn đáy – Tầng sâu (0,5m) Type of sample : Sediment - Depth layer (0.5m) Phương pháp đo đạc/ QCVN Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 phân tích 43:2012/ No. Parameter Unit 1510.0311 1510.0313 1510.0315 1510.0317 Measuring/Analyzing BTNMT method TCVN 6649:2000, 1 As mg/kgDW 1.25 3.45 10.6 2.57 ≤ 17.0 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 2 Cd mg/kgDW ≤ 3.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cr mg/kgDW 25.5 55.7 49.5 25.7 ≤ 90 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Hg mg/kgDW ≤ 0.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 8.5 25.5 32.1 20.3 ≤ 91.3 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 6 Fe mg/kgDW 18925 29874 35913 15540 - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () Phương pháp đo đạc/ QCVN Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 phân tích 43:2012/ No. Parameter Unit 1510.0311 1510.0313 1510.0315 1510.0317 Measuring/Analyzing BTNMT method 7 PAHs µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthen µg/kg ≤ 88.9 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthylen µg/kg ≤ 128 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Anthracen µg/kg ≤ 245 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(a) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 385 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 8272 Benzo(e) pyren µg/kg ≤ 782 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chrysen µg/kg ≤ 862 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Dibenzo (a.h) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 135 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoranthen µg/kg ≤ 2355 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoren µg/kg ≤ 144 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 2-Methylnapthalen µg/kg ≤ 201 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) Ref. EPA 8272 Naphthalen µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND ≤ 391 Phương pháp đo đạc/ QCVN Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 phân tích 43:2012/ No. Parameter Unit 1510.0311 1510.0313 1510.0315 1510.0317 Measuring/Analyzing BTNMT method (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Phenanthren µg/kg ≤ 515 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Pyren µg/kg ≤ 875 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & 8 DDT µg/kg ≤ 4.8 (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) AOAC 2007.01 Thuốc trừ sâu gốc clo/ 9 µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Organochlorine pesticides KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND b-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) Ref. EPA 1699 & AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Lindane µg/kg ≤ 1.4 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Aldrin µg/kg - Ref. EPA 1699 & (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) AOAC 2007.01 Heptachlor epoxide µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND ≤ 2.7 Phương pháp đo đạc/ QCVN Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 phân tích 43:2012/ No. Parameter Unit 1510.0311 1510.0313 1510.0315 1510.0317 Measuring/Analyzing BTNMT method (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chlordane µg/kg ≤ 8.9 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan I µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDE µg/kg ≤ 6.8 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Deildrine µg/kg ≤ 6.7 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine µg/kg ≤ 62.4 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDD µg/kg ≤ 8.5 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan II µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine aldehyde µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & Endosulfan sulfate µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) AOAC 2007.01 Phương pháp đo đạc/ QCVN Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 phân tích 43:2012/ No. Parameter Unit 1510.0311 1510.0313 1510.0315 1510.0317 Measuring/Analyzing BTNMT method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Methoxychlor µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine keton µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/Measuring/analyzing method Sed5: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước is accredited by VILAS. Lên/ Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0601002;1199835) KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích./ Sed6: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. Lên/ Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – DW: Dry weight. Nuoc Len channels.(0598939;1200474) QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng trầm tích/ National Sed7: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước technical regulation on sediment quality. Lên/ Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) Sed8: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương, KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge, Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1041015 – MS/Code 1510.0310-0312-0314-0316 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Bùn đáy – Tầng mặt Type of sample : Sediment - Surface layer QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0310 1510.0312 1510.0314 1510.0316 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method TCVN 6649:2000, 1 As mg/kgDW 1.70 5.25 0.84 1.39 ≤ 17.0 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 2 Cd mg/kgDW 0.79 ≤ 3.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cr mg/kgDW 19.6 72.2 14.2 37.0 ≤ 90 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Hg mg/kgDW ≤ 0.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 12.2 31.4 14.9 16.9 ≤ 91.3 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 6 Fe mg/kgDW 9665 31454 7349 17798 - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0310 1510.0312 1510.0314 1510.0316 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method 7 PAHs µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthen µg/kg ≤ 88.9 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthylen µg/kg ≤ 128 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Anthracen µg/kg ≤ 245 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(a) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 385 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) Ref. EPA 8272 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(e) pyren µg/kg ≤ 782 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chrysen µg/kg ≤ 862 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Dibenzo (a.h) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 135 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoranthen µg/kg ≤ 2355 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoren µg/kg ≤ 144 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 2-Methylnapthalen µg/kg ≤ 201 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) Ref. EPA 8272 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Naphthalen µg/kg ≤ 391 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0310 1510.0312 1510.0314 1510.0316 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Phenanthren µg/kg ≤ 515 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Pyren µg/kg ≤ 875 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & 8 DDT µg/kg ≤ 4.8 (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) AOAC 2007.01 Thuốc trừ sâu gốc clo/ 9 µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Organochlorine pesticides KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND b-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND AOAC 2007.01 Lindane µg/kg ≤ 1.4 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Aldrin µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor epoxide µg/kg ≤ 2.7 AOAC 2007.01 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) a-chlordane µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0310 1510.0312 1510.0314 1510.0316 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chlordane µg/kg ≤ 8.9 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan I µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDE µg/kg ≤ 6.8 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Deildrine µg/kg ≤ 6.7 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine µg/kg ≤ 62.4 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDD µg/kg ≤ 8.5 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan II µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine aldehyde µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & Endosulfan sulfate µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Methoxychlor µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed5 Sed6 Sed7 Sed8 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0310 1510.0312 1510.0314 1510.0316 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine keton µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/Measuring/analyzing Sed5: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Bà Miên với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location method at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len is accredited by VILAS. channels.(0601002;1199835) KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân Sed6: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa rạch Cầu Cụt với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ Location tích./ at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0598939;1200474) ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. Sed7: Vị trí tại điểm giao giữa kênh Hy Vọng với kênh chính Tham Lương – Bến Cát – Nước Lên/ DW: Dry weight. Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng trầm tích/ channels.(0596170;1197484) National technical regulation on sediment quality. Sed8: Vị trí tại cầu Tham Lương, KCN Tân Bình/ Location at the Tham Luong bridge, Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLESố phiếu/No: BN1151015 – MS/Code 1510.0387-0385-0389-0391 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu : Bùn đáy – Tầng sâu (0,5m) Type of sample : Sediment - Depth layer (0.5m) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/phân Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed9 Sed10 Sed11 Sed12 43:2012/ tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0387 1510.0385 1510.0389 1510.0391 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method TCVN 6649:2000, 1 As mg/kgDW 2.58 4.87 4.25 1.25 ≤ 17.0 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 2 Cd mg/kgDW ≤ 3.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cr mg/kgDW 56.9 32.2 69.4 11.9 ≤ 90 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Hg mg/kgDW ≤ 0.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 30.5 14.2 25.5 3.52 ≤ 91.3 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 6 Fe mg/kgDW 35120 35496 32865 12480 - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () 7 PAHs µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Ref. EPA 8272 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthen µg/kg ≤ 88.9 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthylen µg/kg ≤ 128 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Anthracen µg/kg ≤ 245 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(a) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 385 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(e) pyren µg/kg ≤ 782 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chrysen µg/kg ≤ 862 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Dibenzo (a.h) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 135 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoranthen µg/kg ≤ 2355 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoren µg/kg ≤ 144 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 2-Methylnapthalen µg/kg ≤ 201 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Naphthalen µg/kg ≤ 391 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) Ref. EPA 8272 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Phenanthren µg/kg ≤ 515 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Pyren µg/kg ≤ 875 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & 8 DDT µg/kg ≤ 4.8 (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) AOAC 2007.01 Thuốc trừ sâu gốc clo/ 9 µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Organochlorine pesticides KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND b-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND AOAC 2007.01 Lindane µg/kg ≤ 1.4 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Aldrin µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor epoxide µg/kg ≤ 2.7 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND AOAC 2007.01 g-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chlordane µg/kg ≤ 8.9 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan I µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDE µg/kg ≤ 6.8 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Deildrine µg/kg ≤ 6.7 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine µg/kg ≤ 62.4 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDD µg/kg ≤ 8.5 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan II µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine aldehyde µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan sulfate µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & Methoxychlor µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine keton µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/Measuring/analyzing method Sed9: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc ( giữa cầu An lạc và An Lập)/ Location at the junction An Lac is accredited by VILAS. bridge( between the An Lac bridge and the An Lap bridge). KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích./ Sed10: Vị trí cách công Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge. ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. Sed11: Vị trí đang thi công của gói 4A/ Location at the juction the package 4A. DW: Dry weight. Sed12: Vị trí tại cầu Tân Kỳ - Tân Quý/ Location at the junction the Tan Ky – Tan Quy QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng trầm tích/ National technical regulation on sediment quality KẾT QUẢ PHÂN TÍCH MẪU ANALYZING RESULT OF SAMPLE Số phiếu/No: BN1151015 – MS/Code1510.0384-0386-0388-0390 Dự án : GÓI THẦU FRM – PPTAF02 – DỰ ÁN QUẢN LÝ RỦI RO NGẬP NƯỚC Ngày lấy mẫu/ : 12-13/10/2015 CHO KHU VỰC TP.HCM Sampling date Project : Ký hiệu mẫu Type of sample : Bùn đáy – Tầng mặt : Sediment - Surface layer QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed9 Sed10 Sed11 Sed12 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0386 1510.0384 1510.0388 1510.0390 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 1 As mg/kgDW 2.83 3.16 5.86 ≤ 17.0 (LOD = 1) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 2 Cd mg/kgDW ≤ 3.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 3 Cr mg/kgDW 62.9 49.2 84.6 2.70 ≤ 90 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND TCVN 6649:2000, 4 Hg mg/kgDW ≤ 0.5 (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) (LOD = 0.5) SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 5 Pb mg/kgDW 34.7 24.9 31.9 2.70 ≤ 91.3 SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () TCVN 6649:2000, 6 Fe mg/kgDW 43142 37057 46487 908 - SMEWW 3120 B (2012) () 7 PAHs µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Ref. EPA 8272 QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed9 Sed10 Sed11 Sed12 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0386 1510.0384 1510.0388 1510.0390 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthen µg/kg ≤ 88.9 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Acenaphthylen µg/kg ≤ 128 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Anthracen µg/kg ≤ 245 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(a) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 385 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Benzo(e) pyren µg/kg ≤ 782 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chrysen µg/kg ≤ 862 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Dibenzo (a.h) anthracen µg/kg ≤ 135 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoranthen µg/kg ≤ 2355 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Fluoren µg/kg ≤ 144 (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) (LOD = 20) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND 2-Methylnapthalen µg/kg ≤ 201 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 8272 Naphthalen µg/kg ≤ 391 (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) (LOD = 50) Phenanthren µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND ≤ 515 QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed9 Sed10 Sed11 Sed12 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0386 1510.0384 1510.0388 1510.0390 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Pyren µg/kg ≤ 875 (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) (LOD = 10) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & 8 DDT µg/kg ≤ 4.8 (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) (LOD = 3) AOAC 2007.01 Thuốc trừ sâu gốc clo/ 9 µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - Organochlorine pesticides KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND b-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) Ref. EPA 1699 & KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND AOAC 2007.01 Lindane µg/kg ≤ 1.4 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-lindane µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Heptachlor µg/kg - (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Aldrin µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Ref. EPA 1699 & Heptachlor epoxide µg/kg ≤ 2.7 (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) (LOD = 1) AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND a-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed9 Sed10 Sed11 Sed12 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0386 1510.0384 1510.0388 1510.0390 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND g-chlordane µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Chlordane µg/kg ≤ 8.9 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan I µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDE µg/kg ≤ 6.8 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Deildrine µg/kg ≤ 6.7 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine µg/kg ≤ 62.4 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND DDD µg/kg ≤ 8.5 (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan II µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endrine aldehyde µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Endosulfan sulfate µg/kg - Ref. EPA 1699 & (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) AOAC 2007.01 KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND Methoxychlor µg/kg - (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Endrine keton µg/kg KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND KPH/ND - QCVN Phương pháp đo đạc/ Stt Chỉ tiêu Đơn vị Sed9 Sed10 Sed11 Sed12 43:2012/ phân tích No. Parameter Unit 1510.0386 1510.0384 1510.0388 1510.0390 BTNMT Measuring/Analyzing method (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) (LOD = 5) Ghi chú/Note: () Phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích được VILAS công nhận/Measuring/analyzing Sed9: Vị trí tại cầu An Lạc ( giữa cầu An lạc và An Lập)/ Location at the junction An Lac bridge( method between the An Lac bridge and the An Lap bridge).(0593163;1186046) is accredited by VILAS. Sed10: Vị trí cách cầu Chợ Đệm 200m về phía cầu Nước Lên/ Location 200 meter from Cho Dem KPH: Không phát hiện. LOD: Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đo đạc/phân tích./ river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) ND: Not detected. LOD: Limit of detection. Sed11: Vị trí đang thi công của gói 4A/ Location at the juction the package 4A.(0591376;1188406) DW: Dry weight. Sed12: Vị trí tại cầu Tân Kỳ - Tân Quý/ Location at the junction the Tan Ky – Tan Quy (0591750;1187781) QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng trầm tích/ National technical regulation on sediment quality. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 3 ESTIMATION OF AIR EMISSION CONCENTRATION FOR PRECONSTRUCTION PASE AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF PROJECT COMPONENT 2 291 A. Estimation for air emission generated from subcomponent 2.1. 2.2 and 2.4 of component 2 during pre-construction phase Table 3.1 Emission factor emitted from vehicle movement of sub-components during pre-construction phase NO2 CO TSP SO2 Activities Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Factor loading Factor Factor Factor (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/km) (kg/day) (kg/km) (kg/km) (kg/km) Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: 0.00638 4.29 0.00251 1.68 0.0019 1.28 0.00017 0.11 Nuoc Len. Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main Tham 0.00638 5.51 0.00251 2.16 0.0016 1.64 0.00017 0.15 Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.4: 0.00638 12.76 0.00251 5.02 0.0016 3.80 0.00017 0.34 Secondary canals systems. Table 3.2 Emission concentration emitted from transportation during land clearance phase NO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) CO- 1hr average (mg/m3) TSP- 1 hr average (mg/m3) SO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) Receptors Project Project Top Project Top Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Project Top Up Top Up Up Up Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal 0.23-0.28 0.17 7.11-7.12 7.17 0.11-0.14 0.14-0.18 0.02-0.024 0.024-0.028 sluice gates: Nuoc Len. 338 NO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) CO- 1hr average (mg/m3) TSP- 1 hr average (mg/m3) SO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) Receptors Project Project Top Project Top Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Project Top Up Top Up Up Up Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main Tham 0.013-0.053 0.19-0.229 2.73-15.05 2.8-15.12 0.1-0.38 0.15-0.38 0.008 – 0.043 0.012-0.047 Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.4: Secondary 0.013-0.053 0.42-0.46 2.73-15.05 2.89-15.21 0.1-0.38 0.22-0.5 0.008 – 0.043 0.019-0.054 canals systems. QCVN 05:2013 0.2 30 0.3 0.35 WHO Guidelines 0.1 - - - B. Estimation for air emission generated from all subcomponents of component 2 during construction phase Table 3.3 Emission concentration emitted from machineries operation during land clearance Emission EF NO2 Emission EF SO2 Emission EF TSP Emission Number of Working Horse EF CO Equipment list loading (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading equipment Hours power (HP) (g/hp-hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) Excavator 1 8 500 1.282 5128 3.589 14356 0.006 24 0.48 1920 Bulldozer 1 8 500 3.053 12212 4.7 18800 0.006 24 0.5 2000 0.03 7.46 Truck 2 8 - 10.14 (g/hr) 162.24 6 (g/hr) 96 0.48 119.36 (g/hr) (g/hr) 339 Total 17502.24 33252 48.48 4039.36 Table 3.4 Emission concentration emitted from machineries operation during land clearance NO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) CO- 1hr average (mg/m3) TSP- 1 hr average (mg/m3) SO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) Receptors Project Project Top Project Top Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Project Top Up Top Up Up Up Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock 0.23-0.28 3.23-3.24 7.11-7.12 8.79-8.8 0.11-0.14 0.49-0.52 0.02-0.024 0.024-0.028 and tidal sluice gates: Nuoc Len. Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the 0.013-0.053 3.22-3.23 2.73-15.05 4.41-9.72 0.1-0.38 0.5-0.63 0.008 – 0.043 0.012-0.047 main Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.4: Secondary 0.014-0.053 3.22-3.25 3.63-9.78 5.31-11.5 0.1-0.38 0.51-0.74 0.008 – 0.043 0.018-0.03 canals systems. QCVN 05:2013 0.2 30 0.3 0.35 WHO Guidelines 0.1 - - - Table 3.5 Emission factor emitted from vehicle movement of sub-components during construction NO2 CO TSP SO2 Activities Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission 340 Factor loading Factor (kg/day) Factor (kg/day) Factor (kg/day) (kg/km) (kg/day) (kg/km) (kg/km) (kg/km) Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: Nuoc Len 0.00638 11.57 0.00251 4.55 0.0019 3.44 0.00017 0.3 and Vam Thuat Sub-Component 2.2: Canal 0.00638 137.8 0.00251 54.2 0.0019 34.6 0.00017 3.7 embankments in the main Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len 0.0198 0.585 3.1 x 10-3 0.00675 1.3 x 10-3 8.91 1.5 x 10-5 1.4 canal. Sub-Component 2.3: Selected storm and waste water systems in Go 0.00638 2.95 0.00251 1.16 0.0019 0.88 0.00017 0.08 Vap District Primary and secondary combined storm water and sewer systems and 0.00638 17.41 0.00251 6.85 0.0019 5.18 0.00017 0.46 the secondary interceptor in Go Vap district Sub-Component 2.4: Secondary 0.00638 38.92 0.00251 15.31 0.0019 11.59 0.00017 1.03 canals systems. Table 3.6 Emission factor emitted from vehicle movement of sub-components TSP- 1 hr average NO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) CO- 1hr average (mg/m3) SO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) (mg/m3) Receptors Project Top Project Top Project Top Project Top Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Up Up Up Up Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: 0.025-0.028 0.4 7.11-7.12 7.26 0.1-0.14 0.21-0.25 0.02-0.024 0.03 Nuoc Len and Vam Thuat 341 TSP- 1 hr average NO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) CO- 1hr average (mg/m3) SO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) (mg/m3) Receptors Project Top Project Top Project Top Project Top Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Up Up Up Up Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main Tham 0.013-0.053 4.44-4.49 2.73-15.05 4.46-16.79 0.10-0.38 1.41-1.71 0.008-0.043 0.126-0.161 Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.3: Selected storm and waste water systems 0.026-0.053 0.11-0.15 2.73-15.05 2.77-15.09 0.12-0.33 0.15-0.36 0.008-0.043 0.011-0.046 in Go Vap District Primary and secondary combined storm water and sewer systems and the 0.013-0.053 0.57-0.61 2.73-15.05 2.95-15.27 0.12-0.33 0.28-0.49 0.008-0.043 0.02-0.06 secondary interceptor in Go Vap district Sub-Component 2.4: 0.013-0.047 1.26-1.30 2.73-9.78 3.22-10.27 0.12-0.33 0.49-0.70 0.008-0.026 0.04-0.06 Secondary canals systems. QCVN 05:2013 0.2 30 0.3 0.35 WHO Guidelines 0.1 - - - Table 3.7 Emission of air pollutants generated by machinery and vehicles (Subcomponent 1- combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: Vam Thuat or Nuoc Len) (Note: This table is estimated only for Vam Thuat or Nuoc Len given those have the same assumption of equipment list) 342 Horse EF CO Emission EF NO2 EF SO2 Emission Emission Equipment Number of Working Emission EF TSP power (g/hp- loading (g/hp- (g/hp- loading loading list equipment Hours loading (g/hp-hr) (HP) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) hr) (g/8 hrs.) (g/8 hrs.) (g/8 hrs.) Excavator 3 8 500 1.282 15384 3.589 43068 0.006 72 0.48 5760 Bulldozer 5 8 500 3.053 61060 4.7 94000 0.006 120 0.54 10800 Truck 4 8 - 10.14 324.48 6 192 0.03 0.96 7.46 238.72 Hammer 1 8 50 5.386 2154.4 5.1 2040 0.007 2.8 1.5 600 (piling work) Concrete 3 8 250 1.118 6708 4.555 27330 0.006 36 0.5 3000 mixer Plate 7 8 300 3.79 63672 5.67 95256 0.01 168 2 33600 compactor Crane 1 8 175 1.29 1806 4.121 5769.4 0.006 8.4 0.52 728 Total 151108.88 267655.4 408.16 54726.72 Table 3.8 Emission of air pollutants generated by machinery and vehicles (Subcomponet 2 - Canal embankments in the main Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal) Horse EF CO Emission EF NO2 EF SO2 Emission EF TSP Emission Equipment Number of Working Emission power (g/hp- loading (g/hp- (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading list equipment Hours loading (HP) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) (g/8 hrs.) Excavator 5 8 500 1.282 25640 3.589 71780 0.006 120 0.48 9615.4 Bulldozer 5 8 500 3.053 61060 4.7 94000 0.006 120 0.54 10769.2 Truck 4 8 - 10.14 324.48 6 192 0.03 0.96 7.46 238.8 343 Horse EF CO Emission EF NO2 EF SO2 Emission EF TSP Emission Equipment Number of Working Emission power (g/hp- loading (g/hp- (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading list equipment Hours loading (HP) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) (g/8 hrs.) Hammer 3 8 50 5.386 6463.2 5.1 6120 0.007 8.4 1.50 1800.0 (piling work) Pilling 3 8 250 1.494 8964 4.9 29400 0.0006 3.6 0.62 3692.3 machine Concrete 6 8 250 1.118 13416 4.555 54660 0.006 72 0.50 5953.8 mixer Plate 10 8 300 3.79 90960 5.67 136080 0.01 240 2.00 48000.0 compactor Crane 6 8 175 1.29 10836 4.121 34616.4 0.006 50.4 0.52 4329.2 Cutter Suction 2 8 5000 18.24 1459200 9.82 785600 2.88 230400 0.23 18400 Dredger Total 1646164.9 1053373 230808.1744 72553.6 Table 3.9 Emission factors of air pollutants generated by vehicles operation (Sub-component 3 - Selected storm and waste water systems in Go Vap District: main interceptor) Horse EF CO Emission EF NO2 Emission EF SO2 Emission EF TSP Emission Equipment Number of Working power (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading list equipment Hours (HP) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) Excavator 2 8 500 1.282 10256 3.589 28712 0.006 48 0.48 3840 Bulldozer 2 8 500 3.053 24424 4.7 37600 0.006 48 0.54 4320 344 Horse EF CO Emission EF NO2 Emission EF SO2 Emission EF TSP Emission Equipment Number of Working power (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading list equipment Hours (HP) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) Truck 4 8 - 10.14 324.48 6 192 0.03 0.96 7.46 238.72 Hammer 1 8 50 5.386 2154.4 5.1 2040 0.007 2.8 1.5 600 (piling work) Concrete 2 8 250 1.118 4472 4.555 18220 0.006 24 0.5 2000 mixer Crane 2 8 175 1.29 3612 4.121 11538.8 0.006 16.8 0.52 1456 Total 45242.88 98302.8 140.56 12454.72 Table 3.10 Emission factors of air pollutants generated by vehicles operation (Sub-component 3 - Selected storm and waste water systems in Go Vap District: Primary and secondary combined storm water and sewer systems) EF Horse EF CO Emission Emission EF SO2 Emission EF TSP Emission Equipment Number of Working NO2 power (g/hp- loading loading (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading list equipment Hours (g/hp- (HP) hr) (g/8 hrs.) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) Excavator 2 8 500 1.282 10256 3.589 28712 0.006 48 0.48 3840 Bulldozer 2 8 500 3.053 24424 4.7 37600 0.006 48 0.54 4320 Truck 4 8 - 10.14 324.48 6 192 0.03 0.96 7.46 238.72 Hammer 1 8 50 5.386 2154.4 5.1 2040 0.007 2.8 1.5 600 (piling work) Concrete 2 8 250 1.118 4472 4.555 18220 0.006 24 0.5 2000 345 mixer Crane 2 8 175 1.29 3612 4.121 11538.8 0.006 16.8 0.52 1456 Total 45242.88 98302.8 140.56 12454.72 Table 3.11 Emission of air pollutants generated by machinery and vehicles (Sub-component 4 - Secondary canals systems) Horse EF CO Emission EF NO2 EF SO2 Emission EF TSP Emission Equipment Number of Working Emission power (g/hp- loading (g/hp- (g/hp- loading (g/hp- loading list equipment Hours loading (HP) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) hr) (g/8 hrs.) hr) (g/8 hrs.) (g/8 hrs.) Excavator 5 8 500 1.282 25640 3.589 71780 0.006 120 0.48 9615.4 Bulldozer 5 8 500 3.053 61060 4.7 94000 0.006 120 0.54 10769.2 Truck 4 8 - 10.14 324.48 6 192 0.03 0.96 7.46 238.8 Hammer 3 8 50 5.386 6463.2 5.1 6120 0.007 8.4 1.50 1800.0 (piling work) Pilling 3 8 250 1.494 8964 4.9 29400 0.0006 3.6 0.62 3692.3 machine Concrete 6 8 250 1.118 13416 4.555 54660 0.006 72 0.50 5953.8 mixer Plate 10 8 300 3.79 90960 5.67 136080 0.01 240 2.00 48000.0 compactor Crane 6 8 175 1.29 10836 4.121 34616.4 0.006 50.4 0.52 4329.2 Cutter Suction 2 8 5000 18.24 1459200 9.82 785600 2.88 230400 0.23 18400 Dredger Total 1646164.9 1053373 230808.1744 72553.6 346 Table 3.12 Emission of air pollutants generated by operation of machinery and vehicles of all sub-components of component 2 TSP- 1 hr average NO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) CO- 1hr average (mg/m3) SO2- 1 hr average (mg/m3) (mg/m3) Receptors Project Top Project Top Project Top Project Top Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Up Up Up Up Subcomponent 2.1 Combined ship lock and tidal sluice gates: 0.023-0.028 12.93-12.95 7.11-7.12 14.40-14.41 0.1-0.14 2.74-2.78 0.02-0.024 0.039-0.04 Nuoc Len and Vam Thuat Sub-Component 2.2: Canal embankments in the main Tham 0.013-0.053 13.18-13.22 2.73-15.05 25.88-37.3 0.10-0.38 0.72-0.95 0.008-0.043 3.36-3.38 Luong – Ben Cat – Rach Nuoc Len canal. Sub-Component 2.3: Selected storm and waste water systems in 0.013-0.028 1.60-1.61 2.73-8.04 3.45-8.76 0.12-0.23 0.32-0.43 0.008-0.025 0.01-0.03 Go Vap District Sub-Component 2.3: Primary and secondary combined storm water and sewer systems and the 0.013-0.053 1.60-1.64 2.73-15.05 3.45-15.77 0.12-0.33 0.32-0.53 0.008-0.043 0.01-0.05 secondary interceptor in Go Vap district Sub-Component 2.4: Secondary 0.014-0.047 16.17-16.21 3.63-9.78 32.29-38.44 0.10-0.33 0.62-0.85 0.013-0.026 4.458-4.471 canals systems. QCVN 05:2013 0.2 30 0.3 0.35 WHO Guidelines 0.1 - - - 347 Table 3.13 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during construction phase (Sub-component 1) Noise levels at distances (m) Number Type Noise level at 15 m (dBA) Lp (x) (dBA) 100 200 400 600 800 3 Excavator 85 69 63 56 53 50 5 Bulldoser 85 69 63 56 53 50 4 Truck 85 69 63 56 53 50 1 Hammer (piling work) 101 85 79 72 69 66 3 Concrete mixer 85 69 63 56 53 50 7 Plate compactor 80 64 58 51 48 45 1 Crane 85 69 63 56 53 50 1 Generator 80 64 58 51 48 45 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during construction phase 86 80 74 71 68 (Lp (x) (dBA)) QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT 70 National Technical Regulation on Noise (daytime) IFC‟s General EHS Guidelines (daytime) 55 Table 3.14 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during construction phase (Sub-component 2 and 4) 348 Noise levels at distances (m) Machineries Machineries Noise level at 15 m (dBA) Lp (x) (dBA) number 100 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 5 Excavator 85 68.5 62.5 56.5 53.0 50.5 48.5 46.9 5 Bulldoser 85 68.5 62.5 56.5 53.0 50.5 48.5 46.9 4 Truck 85 68.5 62.5 56.5 53.0 50.5 48.5 46.9 3 Hammer (piling work) 101 84.5 78.5 72.5 69.0 66.5 64.5 62.9 3 Pilling machine 101 84.5 78.5 72.5 69.0 66.5 64.5 62.9 6 Concrete mixer 85 68.5 62.5 56.5 53.0 50.5 48.5 46.9 10 Plate compactor 80 63.5 57.5 51.5 48.0 45.5 43.5 41.9 6 Crane 85 68.5 62.5 56.5 53.0 50.5 48.5 46.9 1 Generator 80 63.5 57.5 51.5 48.0 45.5 43.5 41.9 2 Cutter Suction Dredger 89 72.5 66.5 60.5 57.0 54.5 52.5 50.9 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during construction phase 93 87 81 77 75 73 71 (Lp (x) (dBA)) QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT 70 National Technical Regulation on Noise (daytime) IFC‟s General EHS Guidelines (daytime) 55 349 Table 3.15 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during construction phase (Sub-component 3) Noise levels at distances (m) Machineries Noise level at Machineries Lp (x) (dBA) number 15 m (dBA) 100 200 400 600 800 2 Excavator 85 69 63 56 53 50 2 Bulldozer 85 69 63 56 53 50 4 Truck 85 68.5 62.5 56.5 53.0 50.5 1 Piling machine 101 85 79 72 69 66 2 Concrete mixer 85 69 63 56 53 50 1 Horizontal Boring Hydraulic Jack 80 64 58 51 48 45 2 Crane 85 69 63 56 53 50 1 Generator 80 64 58 51 48 45 Overall noise levels generated by operation of machinery during construction phase 86 80 74 70 68 (Lp (x) (dBA)) QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT 70 National Technical Regulation on Noise (daytime) IFC‟s General EHS Guidelines (daytime) 55 350 Table 3.16 Vibration estimation for vehicles operation of component 2 351 PPVequip (D) (in/sec) (in ft) Lv (D) (ft) No. Vehicles 10 17 34 66 75 10 17 34 66 75 1 Truck 0.850 0.300 0.136 0.048 0.018 106.97 97.94 91.02 81.99 73.35 2 Bulldoser 0.034 0.012 0.005 0.002 0.001 78.97 69.94 63.02 53.99 45.35 3 Piling works 16.972 6.000 2.707 0.957 0.354 132.97 123.94 117.02 107.99 99.35 4 Drilling 0.995 0.352 0.159 0.056 0.021 107.97 98.94 92.02 82.99 74.35 5 Excavator 0.034 0.012 0.005 0.002 0.001 78.97 69.94 63.02 53.99 45.35 Horizontal Boring 6 0.01186 0.00535 0.00189 0.00070 0.00058 Hydraulic Jack 7 Crane 0.027 0.013 0.007 0.003 0.002 8 Concrete mixer 0.270 0.126 0.070 0.033 0.016 NA NA NA NA NA 352 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 4 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 292 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Ho Chi Minh City Flood Risk Management Project” Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len Sub-catchment” Confidentiality: All data collected in this survey is completely confidential and will only be used for statistical purposes. Head of household full name: Gender: Address: Phone number: Name of interviewer: Signature of interviewer: Survey date: Note: The following questions are for the head of the household, or any household members over the age of 18 in the household. A. SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY Question 1: Please provide some general information about the household: - Are you head of the household? 1. Yes 2. No - Number of household members__________ Ethnicity 293 Package FRM-PPTAF 02: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Project Number: VNWC-00227753-A0 Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Marital status Education 1. Married; 1. University or higher; 2. Not married; Relationship with 2. High school; Monthly No. Full name Gender Age 3. Divorced; Job household owner 3.Secondary school; income 4. Separated; 4. Primary school; 5. Widowed; 5. Illiterate 6. Other (specify) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 … … 294 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 B. HOUSING AND LIVING FACILITIES Question 2: When was the house constructed? (Please circle only ONE option) 1.Before 1993 2. 1993 – 2004 3. 2004 – 2009 4. 2009 – present Question 3: Location of the house: (Please circle only ONE option) 1. On the street 2. In the alley (more than 4 meters in width) 3. In the narrow alley (less than 4 meters in 4. Along the canal in the planned area width) 5. Along the canal/sub catchment area in the 6. On the canal unplanned area Question 4: Structure of the house: (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Above three storeys 2. Two storeys 3. One storey with flat roof 4. Level 4/ Temporary house 5. Apartment Question 5: Housing condition/quality: (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Very good 2. Good 3. Average 4. Bad 5. Very bad 2 Question 6: Housing area (m ): Question 7: Types of ownership: (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Rental house 2. Sole ownership 3. Shared house Question 8: What is the supply source of drinking water? 1. Tap water 2. Well 3. Lake/river 4. Rainwater 5.Other (please specify): Question 9: How is the household wastewater treated? 1. Through the sewers 2. Through canals/lakes 3. Discharged to the garden 4. Discharged to the street Question 10: How is your household waste usually treated? (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Waste collection service at home 2. Taken to garbage collection site 3. Treat at home (landfill, fertilizer, burning…) 4. Throw somewhere (please specify where you throw garbage) Question 11: Please specify availability of the following utensils/amenities in your house? Property Quantity Property Quantity 1. Bike 5. Washing machine 2. Motorbike 6. TV 3. Car 7. Computer 295 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Property Quantity Property Quantity 4. Air conditioner 8. Internet connection C. HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Question 12: Which of the following is your source of monthly income? Monthly income Source of monthly income Note (VND)/month 1. Salary for employees in state-owned organizations and enterprises 2. Salary for workers 3. Business, service 4. Pensions 5. From renting houses 6. Subsidy 7. Other: 8. Total monthly income Question 13: Please specify your household‘s living cost per month: Cost Amount (VND/month) Note 1. Food 2. Housing 3. Clothes 4. Electricity, water, gas, coal, phone 5. Transport (gasoline, parking…) 6. Study 7. Health, medical care 8. Entertainment and travel 9. Occasional events (wedding, birthday…) 10. Other: … 11. Total cost C. FAMILY HEALTH CONDITIONS 296 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Question 14: Is there any family member having health problem in the past one year? 1. Yes 2. No If YES, please specify the health problem/symptoms? 1. Hearing impairment 2. Sight impairment 3. Breathing problem 4. Cholera 5. Tuberculosis 6. Hepatitis B 7. Typhoid 8. Dengue fever 9. Cardiovascular issue 10. Respiratory issue 11. Other: If NO, please go to Question 15. Question 15: Please indicate the extent of flooding impacts on your health and your family‘s health: (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Extremely serious 2. Serious 3. A little serious 4. No impacts Question 16: How does flooding impact your access to medical services? (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Impact means of travel 2. Impact travel costs 3. Impact travel time 4. No impact at all D. LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND LIVING ENVIRONMENT Question 17: Please indicate the structure of street/alley/lane where your house is situated? (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Paved road 2. Concrete or cement road 3. Rock road 4. Soil road Question 18: Please evaluate the road condition of your local area (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Very good 2. Good 3. Average 4. Bad 5. Very bad Question 19: To what extent does flooding impact on your daily travel? (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Extremely serious 2. Serious 3. A little serious 4. Not serious at all Question 20: Does your house get flooded? (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Yes, due to rising water and/or rainwater 2. Yes, due to rising water 3. Yes, only due to rainwater 4. Never flooded Question 21: How do you evaluate the air quality of your neighborhood? (Please circle only ONE option) 297 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 1. Good 2. Normal 3. Lightly polluted 4. Extremely polluted F. AWARENESS/CONCERN ABOUT THE PROJECT Question 22: How and since when did you hear about the project? (Please circle only ONE option) When: 1. This is the first time 2. Less than one year ago 3. 1-3 years 4.More than 3 years How: 1. Newspaper/ TV 2. Announcement from local government 3. Announcement from public groups 4. Public meetings 5. Other: Question 23: Did you attend any public consultation meeting of the Project? 1. Yes 2. No Question 24: If YES, do you think that you have been provided with adequate information about the Project, including project description, potential impacts and mitigation plan? (Please circle only ONE option) 1. Adequate 2. Not adequate 3. Don‘t know If NOT ADEQUATE, what information do you want to know about the Project? 1. Project description 2. Other potential impacts 3. Mitigation plan 4. Resettlement area 5. Livelihood recovery program 6. Other: ... Question 25: Did you ask any question during the public consultation meeting? 1. Yes 2. No If YES, was your question fully answered? 1. Not yet answered 2. Partly answered 3. Fully answered Question 26: How does flood impact your household living conditions? From 1 to 5, please rank the seriousness of potential impacts. Rank Impacts Yes No (5 is the most serious impact) 1 2 3 4 5 1. Hygienic condition 2. Water pollution 298 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Rank Impacts Yes No (5 is the most serious impact) 1 2 3 4 5 3. Air pollution 4. Health 5. Economic cost (repair cost, property loss…) 6. Value of the house 7. Access to electricity and clean water (availability, price, etc.) 8. Job and income For local businesses 9. Impacts on business activities - Delay in production - Delay in delivery 10. Impacts on revenue - Damage to production facilities - Damage and loss of products 11. Impacts on work environment - Food hygiene and safety - Hygiene in workplace - Hygiene in production area 12. Impact on workers‘ income Question 27: Please specify your opinion/expectation towards improving the hygienic conditions and flooding issue in the area? ………………………………………………………… Question 28: To what extent do you support the city‘s flooding improvement projects such as Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe and Tham Luong - Ben Cat? 1. Don‘t support 2. No idea 3. Support 4. Strongly support Thank you for your participation! 299 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 5 DESCRIPTION OF SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS 300 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 DESCRIPTION OF SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS  Articulating the impact It is critical to be very specific and clear when articulating household and community health impacts. If impacts are not clearly defined, the impact rating process could result in an inaccurate impact categorisation. When defining impacts, it is important to: - Clearly specify the source of the impact with clear reference to causal Project activities; - Summarise the baseline context including specific reference to potential vulnerable groups; and - State any assumptions.  Determining the magnitude Magnitude of household and community health impacts is understood as a reflection of the ‗size‘ or degree of change caused by social and community health impacts. Magnitude is a function of one or more of the following characteristics: - Extent; - Duration; - Scale; - Frequency; and - Likelihood (for unplanned events only). Please check Annex 3 for definition of characteristics to define magnitude and designation of magnitude.  Assessing Levels of Vulnerability Vulnerability is underpinned by a low existing level of livelihoods assets (such as health or education) or inadequate access to public facilities, services and opportunities for jobs and livelihood. In order to identify vulnerable receptors, it is necessary to identify receptors that experience these circumstances and analyze adaptive abilities of the receptors. It is classified into three types as presented in Table 5.1. Table 5.1 Levels of Vulnerability Type Definition Minimal vulnerability; consequently with a high ability to adapt to changes brought by Low the Project and opportunities associated with it. Some, but few areas of vulnerability; still retaining an ability to at least in part adapt to Medium change brought by the Project and opportunities associated with it. 301 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Type Definition Profound or multiple levels of vulnerability that undermine the ability to adapt to High changes brought by the Project and opportunities associated with it.  Evaluating Significance for Social and Health Impacts The significance of social and health impacts is evaluated taking into account the magnitude of the impact and the vulnerability of affected receptors. For rating significance for social and community health impacts, the matrix in Table 6.3 is used to assign social and community health impact significance for both negative and positive impacts, and includes the definitions of magnitude and vulnerability designations. Table 5.2 Impact Significance Sensitivity/Vulnerability/Importance of Resource/Receptor Low Medium High Magnitude of Impact Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Small Negligible Minor Moderate Medium Minor Moderate Major Large Moderate Major Major Magnitude Positive Minor Moderate Major of Impact 302 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 6 SUMMARY OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN 303 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 6.1. Project description HCMC faces serious problems of flooding during the rainy season from July to November and high tides from September to December each year. The flooding in the urban area of HCMC poses big challenge due to the high concentration of residents and property in the central area, and has direct impacts on the city‘s economic growth. A lot of plans have been approved in order to manage flood risks in the city area. However, the implemented plans still lack overall orientation in order to have significant effects on reducing floods in HCMC. The proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management project aims to reduce flood risk and improve drainage in selected areas of HCMC. It will support the coordination of relevant flood risk management plans to prevent tides, adequately drain off the water to stop flood for the City Centre area (taking into consideration climate change impacts). This project will be aligned with the Twin Goals of the WB on poverty reduction and promoting shared prosperity 6.2. The scope of the impacts and land acquisition The project is to be implemented in the area of 15 ward in 4 districts of HCMC, including:  Binh Tan District: An Lac Ward, Binh Hung Hoa B Ward, Binh Hung Hoa Ward  Go Vap District: Ward 6, Ward 5, Ward 13, Ward 14, Ward 15, Ward 16, Ward 17  District 12: Thoi An Ward, Thanh Xuan Ward, Thanh Loc Ward, An Phu Dong Ward  Tan Binh District: Ward 15 The project will acquire 185,046 m2 of land belonging to 717 HHs, enterprises and organizations.  Residential Land: 17,598 m2;  Agriculture land: 131,773 m2  Non-agricultural Land: 10,877 m2  Other land: 24,798 m2 A total 717 households, enterprises and organizations in the project area will be affected due to permanent land acquisition for the purpose of the project. In which:  493 households are affected on residential land  208 households are affected on agricultural land  7 households are affected on non-agricultural land  23 household are affected on other land There are 65 HHs severely affected, of which 60 PAHs suffer from more than 20% and 5 PAHs suffer from more than 10% (for vulnerable households) agricultural land (including gardening land). There are 424 HHs affected housing, of which 71 totally affected and will need relocation. In additional 77 HHs may need relocation. 304 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 There are 157 affected household businesses. 38 HHs out of the 697 households are identified as vulnerable households, including those headed by single women with dependents, poor households, households with the disable, single elderly households, ethnic minorities, and social policy beneficiary households. In which five vulnerable households will lose from 10% of their productive landholdings. 6.3. Socio-economic information in project area The sample rate used for socio-economic survey project area includes 100% of the seriously PAHs, relocated HHs, and about 20% other PAHs were randomly selected. The survey method is done by the questionnaire interview. The socioeconomic survey results are summarized as follow: There are 451 HHs with 1,990 inhabitants surveyed. Household size in the PAHs is 4.41 people/household. In total 451 HHs, HHs with male heads account for 268 HHs, while the number of female-headed HHs is 183 HHs. The average age of the household head is 50 years old. Educational background: the majority of household heads with primary education level are 63%. The number of household heads holding secondary or higher degrees forms 12.2%. Educational attainment of the household members also focuses highest on primary with 51.4%. Occupation: For homeowners, service trade accounts for a high percentage of all HHs‘ profession with 66.1%, followed by workers and employees. The number of all HHs with incomes coming from salaries (including pensions) makes up the percentage of 16.6%. In contrast, the percentage of all agricultural HHs is the lowest with 2.44%. In total 1,340 people in the working age of PAHs surveyed, the number of people working in the service trade sector also accounts for the highest percentage with 20.9%, followed by the percentage of people hired with 16%, workers with 13%, housewife with 10.2%, and the lowest is agriculture with 1:27%. The average income of 451 HHs is 11,469,426V VND/month, in which the average income of the male head of household is higher than that of female-headed. Income sources of HHs are based on the following four revenue sources: wages; service business, supporting relatives, and agricultural assistance. 6.4. Legal framework The policy framework and entitlement of the project are developed based on the regulations of the GoV on compensation, support, and resettlement when land is recovered by the State and involuntary resettlement policy of WB. Due to some differences between the policies of the WB and the policy of the GoV on compensation, support, and resettlement, this project requires the exemption from compliance with provisions of the Decree and Vietnam Government. Accordingly, the compensation, support and RAP of the project will be implemented under the RPF of the project approved by the Prime Minister. 305 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The compensation, assistance and resettlement principles of this RPF have been disseminated to the representatives of the District Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement Boards, local authorities, and affected households during the consultation meetings held in October and November 2015. Their feedbacks have been incorporated into the RPF and RAP. 6.5. Resettlement measures If no other residential land in the respective ward exists, HHs and individuals with the entire house and land acquired by the project, or for whom the rest of area after acquisition not eligible for construction permit, will be entitled to: (i) arrange resettlement; and (ii) in case the land compensation rate is lower than the value of minimum land in resettlement areas, will be supported for the difference by the State as long as the amount of support does not exceed the amount of the difference rate between the land compensation rate and minimum resettlement land prescribed locally. For the case of PAHs whose residential land is not eligible for compensation (including canal encroaching HHs), if there is no other place on the respective ward, they will be allocated minimum resettlement land in resettlement sites and PAHs must pay land use fees. The displaced PAHs of the project will be relocated in the available resettlement areas in the city areas. 6.6. Income Restoration Program The Income Restoration Plan (IRP) will be developed for those affected by land acquisition of the project. Project policy objectives indicate that the livelihoods and incomes of the PAHs must be actually restored at least equal to or higher than the level before displacement or before starting the project if that level is higher. Gender issues: Socio-economic survey shows that women suffer more than men in the process of resettlement and income restoration. A Gender Strategy will be developed for the project in order to promote participation of women in the process of project implementation as well as to facilitate the development of women. 6.7. Dissemination of information and public consultation The community consultations, public meeting, and discussion between the PAHs and local officials have been carried out in the relevant wards from October to November 2015. In total 393 affected people participated in the public consultation for information on the subproject, impacts, policies, and entitlements applied. Responses from the public consultation were taken into consideration and updated in this RAP. 6.8. Grievance redress machanism A mechanism of handling and redressing grievances will be clearly established to redress grievances and complaints of PAHs related to land acquisition, compensation and resettlement in a timely and satisfactory manner. An effective and reliable Grievance Redress Mechanisms is necessary to ensure the social negative impacts, particularly those subjects related to land 306 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 acquisition, are resolved effectively and promptly. Grievance Redress Mechanism and prosecution complying with current Law on Complaints of the GoV is stipulated in Article 28, Article 32 and Article 33 of the Law on Complaints No. 02/2011 / QH13 dated 11/11/2011. 6.9. Implementation Arrangements The implementation of compensation, support, and resettlement requires the participation of agencies and local organizations in all levels including city, district, and ward projects. HCMC People's Committee will be responsible for the overall compliance with the provisions in the Resettlement Policy Framework and Resettlement Plan (RP) built under the guidance of the Resettlement Policy Framework of the project. PMU assists the Project Owner to directly manage project implementation. It is responsible for updating and implementing the RAP of the Project. The project Consultants have supported PMU and district land clearance and compensation Board to ensure resettlement work are performed in accordance with the policy of involuntary resettlement of the WB. PMU will submit the updated Land Clearance and Resettlement Plan to HCMC People's Committee and the WB for review and approval prior to implementation of land clearance compensation. 6.10. Implementation Schedule Compensation, assistance and resettlement activities will be carried out during the 2016. 6.11. Budget It is estimated that the total cost for compensation and assistance is VND 904,402,793,000 (equivalent to USD 41,109,217.86). This budget includes the cost of compensation, support, and resettlement and Income Restoration Plan, management costs, grievance redressing, independent monitoring, and contingency expenses. 6.12. Monitoring and evaluation PMU is responsible for the overall internal monitoring of resettlement activities. Progress reports will be submitted to the WB quarterly. PMU will hire an independent monitoring agency before the start of implementation of the RP. Independent monitoring agency will report the beginning of the period after 1 month of operation. This unit will also submit a report every six months on the progress of implementation of the RP, and propose recommendations on request as well. Independent monitoring agency will conduct post-implementation evaluation of resettlement within 6 - 12 months after the completion of the project resettlement activities. 307 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 7 PICTURES OF SAMPLING 308 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 7.1 Monitoring sediment quality at HyVong canal. Figure 7.2 Monitoring sediment quality at Chin Xieng canal. 309 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 7.3 Monitoring soil quality at Cho Cau bridge. Figure 7.4 Monitoring soil quality at Ba Mieng canal. 310 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 7.5 Monitoring air quality at Vam Thuat sluice. Figure 7.6 Monitoring air quality at Nuoc Len sluice. 311 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 8 PICTURES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION 312 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 8.1 Registering to attend the public consultation. Figure 8.2 Watching the map of the project area. 313 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 8.3 Opening the public consultation. Figure 8.4 The representative of PMU presented project. 314 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 8.5 The participants gave opinions of project. Figure 8.6 Discussing questions of participants. 315 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 8.7 The representative of PMU answered the questions of participants. Figure 8.8 The representative of FS answered the questions of participants. 316 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 9 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 317 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 9.1. Introduction 9.1.1 General approach International Finance Corporation proposed a Good Practice Handbook to assess cumulative impact of a project. Good practice requires that sponsors assess if project may contribute to cumulative impact on VEC‘s (valued environment components). When there is a lack of baseline data the handbook propose to develop a Rapid Cumulative Impact Assessment Approach. The Good Practice Handbook, also proposing a logical framework with six interactive steps. Figure 1 below illustrates this approach. The sequence of activities is: 1) Determine project boundaries 2) Identify Valued Environmental Components (VEC) 3) Determine present conditions of VEC 4) Assess the contribution of project 5) Predict the cumulative impact of project 6) Design mitigation measures Source: IFC Good Practice Handbook We used a RCIA process that begins with principles of environmental impact assessment generally accepted in Vietnam. The key to this approach is to choose a set of ―v alued environment components‖ (VECs) that will be the focus of the assessment. Focusing on VECs, rather than the effects, enables one to ask specific questions in specific places about the effects of a full array of human and economic activities (i.e., the cumulative effects). 318 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The PMU used a RCIA process that begins with the choice of a set of ―valued environmental components‖ (VECs). That focuses the assessment on the cumulative effects on the VECs. We chose specific VEC identified in RFP as our components in RCIA to be monitor:  Surface Water  Underground Water  Air  Sludge  Soil These VECs were chosen largely for the purposes of demonstration. For each VEC we:  Chose a set of indicators to represent the status of VECs;  Chose limits of acceptable change or limits of concern for indicators for the VECs as per TCVN references;  Collect information about the historical and current status of the indicators;  Project the future status of the indicators (where appropriate). Indicators for all five VECs required a model depicting the change in watershed conditions. We used a map describing the zone of influence. A variety of data was used from previous studies. We will project development scenarios for 20 years into the future using a combination of trend analysis. The model selected is evaluated with the Chemiotox Index tool Once the cumulative impacts are determined, their significance must be considered relative to an established threshold limit, an established legal guideline or policy, or a qualitative assessment based on professional opinion and consultation. In any case, the significance of the cumulative impacts must be defensible. The significance of the cumulative impacts and the contribution of the project must be subsequently evaluated by project decision makers. The consultant needs to define the level of ―significance‖ or scale and apply it consistently. The significance should be assessed across past, present and future projects on the trends of each VEC. The significance of the project interventions‘ contribution to the cumulative impacts should be defined in one of the following ways:  The project has a measurable effect on the resource;  The project acts in conjunction with the effects of past present or future projects and activities; and  The project in conjunction with other projects and activities shifts the resource to an unacceptable level or exceeds a threshold such that the impact is considered significant, in that: – The project‘s contribution to cumulative effects is responsible for exceeding or not the threshold and therefore is significant or, – The project is contributing with the effects of other projects and activities and the project contribution may or may not be significant, depending on the level of the contribution. 319 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 9.1.2. Modeling The Chemiotox Index model is a mathematical tool for evaluating the overall picture of the toxic substances discharged into the environment. This evaluation is based on the chemical characterization results of toxic substances (mg/L), following the weighting (FTOX) of the relative toxic potential of each substance present in the waste discharged. For practical purposes, partial indicators (Chemiotox unit, CU) are calculated on the basis of individual results of each toxic substance in order to integrate these and obtain an overall indicator (Chemiotox Index, CI = Σ CU). These indicators allow the comparison and integration of important quantities of characterization data. The toxicity weighting methodology is quite simple and, serves uniquely environmental management purposes. Water quality criteria represent an exhaustive census of toxicological information on pollutants (persistence, bio-accumulation and part of the food chain). This census aims to define the acceptable concentration limit (mg/L) for the protection of human life and aquatic ecosystems. The more toxic the substance, the smaller the criterion. In the CHEMIOTOX model, two water quality criteria were retained, that is the chronic toxicity criteria (CTC, mg/L) and those pertaining to the contamination of aquatic organisms (CAOC, mg/L). With these two types of criteria, the toxic effects of chronic exposure to a substance and its bio- concentration capacity in the food chain are both taken into account. The toxic weighting factor, FTOX-I related to each substance I, could be arbitrary by defined as proportional to the inverse of the most stringent water quality criterion for each substance (MSCI): Or: Then, for purposes of managerial communications, the FTOX-I could be arbitrarily defined as the ratio of MSCREFERENCE of a reference substance to the MSCI of the concerned priority pollutant I. This is a dimensionless number that represents the toxic potential of a pollutant I in comparison to the toxicity of a reference contaminant. Generally it is recommended to select as reference a well-known contaminant. It has to be assigned to a given pollutant to evaluate its relative importance in the global discharge of a list of priority (selected) pollutants. The reference substance could be the well-known parameter FeTOT whose most stringent criteria is equal to 0,3 mg/L (CAOC). In this case, the FTOX-I of a substance i becomes as follows: 320 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Let remind that it is necessary to select a well-known reference contaminant for environment management and large communication purposes. Illustrate the usefulness of the tool with the data and results gathered for the channel ThamLuong – BenCat –NuocLen in order to summarize the state of the situation in some simple figures that should be understood for most of project stakeholders. 9.2. Rapid Cumulative Impact Assessment 9.2.1. Determine project boundaries It is noted that environmental impact assessment for the project is conducted based on the guidelines of OP4.01. PMU and exp agreed on a Sampling Program. Available documents listed in Table 9.0 were reviewed and data were collected from these documents. Table 9.1 List of Reviewed Documents No. Title Date of document The FS and EIA for construction of Nuoc Len tidal sluice FS approved by PC on 15/9/2012; 1 gate and 2 ship locks. EIA approved on 30/12/2011. FS approved by DARD on The FS and EIA for construction of Vam Thuat tidal sluice 24/2/2012; Detailed technical 2 gate and 2 ship locks. design approved on 21/12/2012; EIA approved on 30/12/2011. The FS and EIA for dredging and construction of canal FS approved by PC on 23/3/2012 bank revetment in the main canal of THAM LUONG – BEN and EIA approved on 21/11/2011. 3 CAT – NUOC LEN. (Note: This SP also includes roads and FS and EIA to be revised in line lighting works which are not included in the present WB with the new cost estimates and funding and EIA requirements). detailed design. FS appraised by DARD on The FS and EIA for construction of main interceptor in GO 4 28/08/12; EIA approved on VAP District (9km long). 07/02/2012. FS approved by PPC on The FS and EIA for construction and improvement of 01/08/2012; EIA approved on 5 primary and secondary combined sewer systems and the 07/02/2012; cost estimates to be secondary interceptor in GO VAP District. revised. FS appraised by DPI in 2012; The FS and EIA for improvement of HY VONG secondary 6 EIA approved on 22/6/2012; cost canal. estimates to be revised. The FS and EIA for improvement of secondary canals FS appraised by DPI; EIA 7 (CHIN XIENG, BA MIENG, ONG TONG, ONG BAU and CAU approved on 22/6/2012; cost CUT) connected to THAM LUONG – BEN CAT – NUOC LEN). estimates to be revised. Some data were collected from previous monitoring data, available from the PMU, SCFC and DONRE (Department of Natural Resources and the Environment). However, in order to obtain sufficient baseline data for ESIA, exp carried out the required additional sampling and testing work for surface water, groundwater, sediment/sludge, soil, air quality, plankton & phytoplankton. Details on the Plan for measurement, sampling, collecting information, including information on: environmental monitoring, the number of sampling locations, monitoring 321 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 parameters, sampling frequency and quality standards applied for result analysis are summarized in Annex 10. Meanwhile, existing data were analysed and compilation was done and calculation were done with Chemiotox index analysis. The sampling point will be completed at the stations identified with PMU. The next map show these sample point stations. Existing data referring to these sampling points were extracted to calculate the existing Chemiotox Index and to evaluate a cumulative impact of contamination before 2012 and in 2015. 322 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 323 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 9.2.2. Identify Valued Environmental Components (VEC) The environmental components that will be considered and assessed are: air, climate and noise; soil and groundwater; water and aquatic resources (fauna and flora), sediment and settled sludge. For modeling and impact evaluation, impact on five VEC‘s will be measured. Information is collected to ensure a prediction of environmental quality of the following: • Surface Water Quality – in the main TL-BC-NL canal and the secondary canals; Plankton & Phytoplankton in surface water • Sediment and Sludge characterization including waste classification for hazardous waste; • Groundwater Quality; • Soil quality; • Ambient air quality 9.2.3. Summarizing the past conditions of the VEC (before 2012) In the preliminary step, it is necessary to produce the synthesis of previous results and data gathered during the feasibility studies (Components 1, 2, 4A, 4B, 6A and 6B) and from various environment monitoring reports in order to avoid the replication of future project monitoring activities. 9.2.3.1. Summary of results (before 2012) on surface water For defining the quality of surface water the MoNRE has established the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. While it is not a complete and sufficient tool for managing and controlling the quality of rivers and other water bodies that must deserve simultaneous multiple purposes (supply water, supply water in case of available treatment plant, irrigation and fluvial navigation), one should rely at least on its quality criteria and add adequate other ones depending on each situation (spatial and temporal). At this step of project let propose the following lists of FTOX-I based on the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Table 9.2 The FTOX for surface water quality QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Toxicity Factors A B Ftox Ftox Ftox Ftox (B1) No. Parameter Unit A1 A2 B1 B2 (A1) (A2) (B2) mg/L COD (O2) 10 15 30 50 0,05 0,07 0,05 0,04 mg/L NH4-N (N) 0,1 0,2 0,5 1,0 5 5 3 2 mg/L NO2-N (N) 0,01 0,02 0,04 0,05 50 50 37,5 40 Cl- mg/L 250 400 600 10 000 0,0020 0,0025 0,0025 0,0002 324 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Toxicity Factors A B Ftox Ftox Ftox (B1) Ftox (A1) (A2) (B2) CN- mg/L 0,005 0,010 0,020 0,020 100 100 75 100 F- mg/L 1 1,5 1,5 2 0,5 0,67 1 1 mg/L PO43- (P) 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 5 5,00 5 4 AS mg/L 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,10 50 50 30 20 Cd mg/L 0,005 0,005 0,010 0,010 100 200 150 200 Pb mg/L 0,02 0,02 0,05 0,05 25 50 30 40 Cr (III) mg/L 0,05 0,10 0,5 1,0 10 10 3 2 Cr (VI) mg/L 0,01 0,02 0,04 0,05 50 50 37,5 40 Cu mg/L 0,1 0,2 0,5 1,0 5 5 3 2 Zn mg/L 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 1 1 1 1 Ni mg/L 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 5 10 15 20 Fe mg/L 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 1 1 1 1 Hg mg/L 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,002 500 1 000 1 500 1 000 Surfactant mg/L 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,5 5 5 3,75 4 Total Oil & Grease mg/L 0,01 0,02 0,1 0,3 50 50 15 6,7 Aldrin + Dieldrin μg/L 0,002 0,004 0,008 0,010 250 000 250 000 187 500 200 000 Endrin μg/L 0,010 0,012 0,014 0,020 50 000 83 333 107 143 100 000 BHC μg/L 0,050 0,100 0,130 0,015 10 000 10 000 11 538 133 333 DDT μg/L 0,001 0,002 0,004 0,005 500 000 500 000 375 000 400 000 Endosunfan μg/L 0,005 0,010 0,010 0,020 100 000 100 000 150 000 100 000 Lindan μg/L 0,30 0,35 0,38 0,40 1 667 2 857 3 947 5 000 Chlordane μg/L 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,03 50 000 50 000 75 000 66 667 Heptachlor μg/L 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,05 50 000 50 000 75 000 40 000 325 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Toxicity Factors A B Ftox Ftox Ftox (B1) Ftox (A1) (A2) (B2) Parathion μg/L 0,10 0,20 0,40 0,50 5000 5 000 3 750 4 000 Malathion μg/L 0,10 0,32 0,32 0,40 5000 3 125 4 688 5 000 2,4-D μg/L 100 200 450 500 5,0 5,0 3,3 4,0 2,4,5-T μg/L 80 100 160 200 6,3 10,0 9,4 10,0 Paraquat μg/L 900 1 200 1 800 2 000 0,6 0,8 0,8 1,0 Several notices are necessary:  The reference contaminant has been the parameter FeTOT. For illustration purpose, the various values of FTOX related to the mercury (Hg) will be assessed as follow:  Supply water : o FTOX-Hg (A1) = [Fe]MAC (A1) / [Hg]MAC (A1) = 0,5 / 0,001 = 500  Supply water with available treatment plant: o FTOX-Hg (A2) = [Fe]MAC (A2) / [Hg]MAC (A2) = 1,0 / 0,001 = 1 000  Irrigation use: o FTOX-Hg (A3) = [Fe]MAC (A3) / [Hg]MAC (A3) = 1,5 / 0,001 = 1 500  Fluvial navigation use: o FTOX-Hg (A4) = [Fe]MAC (A4) / [Hg]MAC (A4) = 2,0 / 0,002 = 1 000 Some parameters would be discarded in the assessment of FTOX for several reasons:  The pH values are based on logarithm.  Values of D.O. are random and depend on weather conditions. Of course when D.O. is low, it should reveal permanent high anaerobic biodegradation rate but also high warm temperature combined with no-winding conditions.  TSS often depends on natural turbidity in VietNam that is often high (Mekong, Red River, etc.)  BOD5 (20oC) values depends only on easy-biodegradable organics and are not representative in the case of cumulative environment impacts. COD is more representative of BOD21 or BODULT. 326 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015  Nutrients NO3- is not really toxic for human and aquatic organisms, and would be discarded from the list of ―hard‖ pollution parameters to be taken in consideration in the case of strongly-polluted urban channels.  E. coli, Fecal & Total coliforms are certainly present in all the surface water in VietNam due to the general lack of wastewater treatment plants. Their cumulative effects in contaminated surface water are difficult for interpretation. We can just mention that presence is whether greater than the MACs in each case. The details of calculations will be presented in Appendices for interested lectors. The following Figure 9.1 illustrates the calculation results for the various monitoring locations identified by monitoring activities organized within previous projects (before 2012). With the available results, one can preliminary estimate that the Environment Monitoring report (July 2011) reveals a greater level of cumulative environ impact (due to various discharge) within the central area, approximately close to CauBung area. The situation should be worse approximately at the junction of the sewer CauBung and the main channel. At this location the daily hydraulic tidal effects would be low and could not contribute to the purge-mix of surface water toward directly the Saigon River (at VamThuat) and indirectly the ChoDem channel. An important lack of results for the official toxic parameters (heavy metals, pesticides and other toxic organics) exists within the various results gathered before 2012. The pollutants related to these parameters are generally non-biodegradable. They are qualified as persistent, bio- accumulative and part of the chain food (bio-amplification) and they should contribute to the cumulative environmental effects over several years. 9.2.3.2. Summary of results (before 2012) on sediment/sludge The QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT has been published in 2012. It can be serves as a technical explanation why monitoring campaigns aiming sediments & settled sludge had not focused enough on complete lists of heavy metals and other such organic toxic pollutants as pesticides. Hover on the basis of incomplete useful results the Chemiotox Index methodology has produced a meaningful overview of the state on contamination and buildup of pollutants in the bottom volume on sediments along the main channel TL-BC-NL (See Figure 9.2). The Chemiotox calculations have been based on a mix of data from QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT and QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT, its equivalent for soils. Most of the monitoring activities before 2012 have been based on contaminants listed in the latter that includes the heavy metals Cu and Zn. The more recent QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT does not include these metals and Fe. 9.2.3.3 . Summary of results (before 2012) on groundwater Previous results (before 2012) are the less significant because water samples were not taken for piezometers (observation wells) implemented accordingly to a scientific method based at least on the knowledge of underground soil and aquifer layers. The water samples seem be randomly taken at available inhabitant wells. The inhabitants would find themselves the best locations for 327 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 implementing useful wells offering suitable service water (domestic purposes) and avoid the contaminated locations. So we should give less attention to the previous results (See Figure 9.3). 9.2.3.4. Summary of results (before 2012) on ambient air quality The QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT and QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT together deserve the assessment of ambient air quality according the Chemiotox Index methodology. The reference contaminant will be the well-known CO whose MAC is 30 000 μg/m3 or 30 mg/m3. Most of parameters listed in the QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT should be related to air contaminants due to local traffic or industrial combustion while the gaseous contaminants NH3 and H2S should be due to emanations from anaerobic biodegradation within the liquid body of the main channel or due to savage solid waste dumping along the banks of the main channel. An overall portrait is illustrated into Figure 9.4. Table 9.2 The FTOX for ambient air quality QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Toxicity Factors Ftox (1h) Ftox (8h) Ftox (24h) Ftox (year) No. Parameter Unit Avg-1h Avg-8h Avg-24h Avg-year SO2 μg/m3 350 125 50 85,7 3 CO μg/m 30 000 10 000 5 000 1,0 NOx μg/m3 200 100 40 150,0 O3 μg/m3 180 120 80 166,7 TSP μg/m3 300 200 140 100,0 PM10 μg/m3 150 50 Pb μg/m3 1,5 0,5 QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT NH3 μg/m3 200 150,0 H2 S μg/m3 42 714,3 The measured fluctuations along the main channel depend strongly of the contributor sources but also meteorological conditions (wind, rains, etc.). While the QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT establish a maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 30 000 μg/m3 for the well-known contaminant CO (carbon monoxide), the ―bad‖ quality of ambient air can be assessed by a general approximate level of 80 – 130 000 μg/m3 of Chemiotox Units (or μg/m3 CO-equivalent toxicity). 328 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Fluctuations of SURFACE WATER characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Chemiotox Index 3,2 2,9 4,7 8,9 8,9 30,5 69,6 162 15,4 25,6 5,9 5,8 4,6 6,5 74,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 7,6 3,5 180 C(mg/L Fluctuations of surface water characteristics Fe-based chemiotox units) AUBUNG Surface water 160 area 140 120 NUOCLEN & MAC of QCVN 100 VAMTHUAN CHODEM 08:2008/BTNM & SAIGON T: < 2 mg/L Fe 80 Canal area River area 60 40 20 0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 9.1 Overall portrait of surface water characteristics along the main channel TL-BC-NL. Fluctuations of SEDIMENT characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 136,2 128,1 124,6 147,8 153,6 202,6 186,6 183,1 241,8 139,9 119,2 98,2 98,3 Chemiotox Index Sediment/Sludge characteristics (mg/kg Pb-based chemiotox index) 300,0 Sediment/Sludge MAC of QCVN 250,0 43:2012/BTNMT : < 91,3 mg/kg 200,0 DW Pb 150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 9.2 Overall portrait of the contamination of sediment and settled sludge. 329 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Fluctuations of GROUNDWATER characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 1,392 1,219 1,419 0,960 0,504 0,896 0,517 0,389 1,500 0,400 0,357 0,456 1,645 Chemiotox Index Groundwater characteristics (mg/L Fe-based chemiotox index) 5,000 Groundwater 4,500 4,000 3,500 MAC of QCVN 09:2008/BTNM 3,000 T: < 5 mg/L Fe 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 0,500 0,000 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 9.3 Overall portrait of the groundwater characteristics at private domestic wells. Fluctuations of AMBIENT AIR characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 130 063 104 086 110 356 113 393 136 183 101 857 136 154 119 497 112 046 101 673 83 183 88 107 83 183 97 627 92 725 96 249 90 417 75 605 Chemiotox Index 160 000 Ambient Air characteristics (μg/m3 CO-based chemiotox units) Ambient Air 140 000 MAC of QCVN 05:2013/BTNM 120 000 T: < 30 000 3 μg/m CO 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 9.4 Overall portrait of the groundwater characteristics at domestic wells. 330 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 9.2.3.5. What is missing in the results (before 2012) The implementation of a cumulative impact assessment approach requires data related to the contributor sources (the existing wastewater treatment plant, industrial park discharges, city sewers un-connected to the interceptors and various canals) to the global contamination of the main water receiving body. If each contributor can be monitored including the eco-toxic pollutants (heavy metals and other organics: BTEX, VOCs, PAHs, etc.) we could applied the factors FTOX-I to the discharge loads (kg/d) and deduce the specific loads in Chemiotox Index (C.I./d) for each of them. The above schematic (Figure 9.5) illustrates this situation. Then the cumulative impact per day can be assessed as follows: ∑ The contributor sources would be the following: o Final effluent of the wastewater treatment plant discharged in the NuocDen canal; o Effluents of the canals of HyVong, CauCut, BaMien, OngTong, Dua (CauMat); Ong Bau and ChinXieng; o BenCat River; o Effluents of the canals of OngBut, LuongBeo, BaNeng and PhuDinh; and o Various discharge points that are not indicated on the city maps. Figure 9.5 Schematic of load discharges in a water receiving body. It should be emphasized: in order to implement the cumulative impact assessment approach for the future, one must only consider amongst a multitude of potential pollutants the persistent and whole part of food chains (bio-accumulation and bio-amplification). They are generally represented by the eco-toxics (heavy metals and other priority toxic organics). The construction project will eliminate some percentages or the whole part of certain contributor sources. Other contributor sources can remain at the same levels or less while new ones can add their discharge loads in the future. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) should adopt the same list of parameters for further monitoring activities. With the Chemiotox Index it should be 331 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 simple to retrieve the cumulative impact assessment with consolidated data (spatial and temporal) in order to establish the environment-sustainability of the whole construction project. 9.2.3.6. Cumulative Impact before 2012 The Figure 9.6 presented below summarize the results gathered from existing studies before 2012 for the sampling points agreed for the PPTA for HCMC Flood Control Program in channel Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len. Available data are compiled in the following model. The graphic of the Figure 9.7 (Profile and plan views of the main channel) illustrates that contamination is at highest point at the Tham Luong Bridge and at junction of Hy Vong Canal and Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channel. A build-up of pollutant contents should occur at the locations where the hydraulic tidal effects are the less important: at the central areas of the main channel. The total length of the main channel is 32 950 m. Depth varies from – 7.0 m (ref. sea level 0-m) at the junction of Saigon River to – 4.0 m at the junction with ChoDem Channel. Between BinhThuan Bridge and ThamLuong Bridge we face a very low depth varying from 0 to - 0,4 m. At low tide, the central areas should act as a long settling canal favourizing the settlement of suspended solids and consequently the increase of bottom layers of sediments. Build-ups of persistent pollutants (heavy metals and other non biodegradable organis) should contibute to a cumulative environmental impact. No. CHANNEL PART'S NAME L (m) LOCATION'S NAME W (m) D (m) 1 SaiGon River to AnLoc Bridge 5 220 VAMTHUAT 80 -3 -7 2 AnLoc Bridge to BenPham Bridge 1 588 VAMTHUAT 70 to 80 -2 -3 3 BenPhan Bridge to TruongDai Bridge 2 012 THAMLUONG - BENCAT 60 to 70 -1,7 -2 4 TruongDai Bridge to ChoCau Bridge 2 510 THAMLUONG - BENCAT 30 to 60 -1 -1,7 5 ChoCau Bridge to ThamLuong Bridge 2 990 THAMLUONG - BENCAT 10 to 30 -0,4 -1 6 ThamLuong Bridge to CauBung Drain 700 CAUSA 8 to 10 0 -0,3 7 CauBung Drain to Chua Rach 4 200 Canal 19/5 10 0 -0,5 8 Chua Rach to BinhThuan Bridge 1 410 NUOCDEN 10 to 15 0 -0,5 9 BinhTHuan Bridge to BaHom Bridge 5 296 TL10 Road & LuongBeo 20 to 30 0 -1,8 10 BaHom Bridge to AnLac Bridge 4 500 BATIEN Rach 30 to 50 -2 -1,8 11 AnLac Bridge to ChoDem Channel 2 524 NUOCLEN Rach 50 -3 -4 332 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Ho Chi Minh City Flood Risk Management Project Junction CauCut canal & 1 7>2 Summary of the state of the environment main channel 2 112 046 > 30 000 1 6,5 > 2 Methodology : Chemiotox Index by EXP 3 2 97 627 > 30 000 6 4 183,1 > 91,3 AnLoc to TruongDai 3 1,500 < 5 Monitoring locations bridges (BenPhan) 4 241,8 > 91,3 1 98,6 > 2 6 2 92 725 > 30 000 Surface water & Ambient air 3 2 Junction BaMien canal 3 0,402 < 5 4 and main channel 4 139,9 > 91,3 1 5,4 > 2 Ground water 2 2 96 249 > 30 000 5 Between AnLoc bridge 3 0,357 < 5 Sediment Sludge only 5 1 & Saigon River 4 Data Legal reference Reference of Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) 3 ChoCau bridge to 1 5,8 > 2 1 Surface water QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT MAC of Fe (Column B2: navigation use) : 2 mg/L TruongDai bridge 2 1 2 Ambient air QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT MAC of CO (Average-1h) : 30 000 μg/m3 3 0,389 < 5 2 90 417 > 30 000 3 Ground water QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT MAC of Fe : 5 mg/L 4 186,6 > 91,3 Junction OngTong canal 3 0,456 < 5 4 4 Sediment sludge QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT MAC of Pb : 91,3 mg/kg dry basis 4 & main channel 4 ThamLuong bridge to 1 5,9 > 2 1 4 ChoCau bridge 2 3 0, 517 < 5 1 4,3 > 2 5 4 201,6 > 91,3 1 Junction OngBau canal 2 75 605 > 30 000 Main channel (200-m 3 2 & main channel 3 3 1,645 < 5 from Saigon River) 7 Junction HyVong canal & 1 25,6 > 2 3 4 119,2 > 91,3 1 7 main channel 1 2 119 497 > 30 000 4 3 0,896 < 5 4 153,6 > 91,3 1 7,6 > 2 Junction ChinXieng 2 101 673 > 30 000 canal & main channel 2 3 2 4 98,3 > 91,3 8 1 15,4> 2 8 ThamLuong bridge 2 136 154 > 30 000 3 SAIGON River 4 147,8 > 91,3 6 ThamLuong bridge to 1 161,9 > 2 No. CHANNEL PART'S NAME L (m) LOCATION'S NAME W (m) D (m) 5 CauBung bridge 2 101 857 > 30 000 1 SaiGon River to AnLoc Bridge 5 220 VAMTHUAT 80 -3 -7 3 0,504 < 5 2 AnLoc Bridge to BenPham Bridge 1 588 VAMTHUAT 70 to 80 -2 -3 4 3 BenPhan Bridge to TruongDai Bridge 2 012 THAMLUONG - BENCAT 60 to 70 -1,7 -2 4 TruongDai Bridge to ChoCau Bridge 2 510 THAMLUONG - BENCAT 30 to 60 -1 -1,7 7 5 ChoCau Bridge to ThamLuong Bridge 2 990 THAMLUONG - BENCAT 10 to 30 -0,4 -1 6 ThamLuong Bridge to CauBung Drain 700 CAUSA 8 to 10 0 -0,3 CauBung bridge to 1 7 CauBung Drain to Chua Rach 4 200 Canal 19/5 10 0 -0,5 6 BinhThuan bridge 2 88 107 8 Chua Rach to BinhThuan Bridge 1 410 NUOCDEN 10 to 15 0 -0,5 3 0,960 < 5 9 BinhTHuan Bridge to BaHom Bridge 5 296 TL10 Road & LuongBeo 20 to 30 0 -1,8 4 10 BaHom Bridge to AnLac Bridge 4 500 BATIEN Rach 30 to 50 -2 -1,8 8 11 AnLac Bridge to ChoDem Channel 2 524 NUOCLEN Rach 50 -3 -4 Fluctuations of SURFACE WATER characteristics along the main channel 11 BinhThuan bridge - 1 69,6 > 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations Package 4A 2 136 183 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 3 Chemiotox Index 3,2 2,9 4,7 8,9 8,9 30,5 69,6 162 15,4 25,6 5,9 5,8 4,6 6,5 74,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 7,6 3,5 9 4 98,2 > 91,3 180 Fluctuations of surface water characteristics (mg/L Fe-based chemiotox units) Surface water 160 BinhThuan bridge to 1 30,5 > 2 7 BaHom bridge 140 2 113 393 120 3 1,419 < 5 4 100 80 1 8,9 > 2 60 BaHom bridge - Package 12 6A 2 110 356 40 3 20 4 124,6 > 91,3 0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 10 1 8,9 > 2 BaHom bridge - AnLac bridge 2 93 300 > 30 000 8 Fluctuations of SEDIMENT characteristics along the main channel 3 1,219 < 5 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 4 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 136,2 128,1 124,6 147,8 153,6 202,6 186,6 183,1 241,8 139,9 119,2 98,2 98,3 Chemiotox Index 1 4,7 > 2 9 AnLac bridge Sediment/Sludge characteristics (mg/kg Pb-based chemiotox index) 9 2 104 086 > 30 000 300,0 Sediment/Sludge 3 4 128,1 > 91,3 250,0 200,0 1 2,9 < 2 9 NuocLen Cong 150,0 2 130 063 > 30 000 3 1,392 < 5 100,0 11 4 50,0 0,0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 1 3,15 > 2 10 ChoDem River (200-m) 2 83 183 > 30 000 10 3 4 136,2 > 91,3 CHO DEM Canal Figure 9.6 Overall portrait of the state of environment before 2012. 333 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Fluctuations of SURFACE WATER characteristics along the main channel Fluctuations of SEDIMENT characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 136,2 128,1 124,6 147,8 153,6 202,6 186,6 183,1 241,8 139,9 119,2 Chemiotox Index 3,2 2,9 4,7 8,9 8,9 30,5 69,6 162 15,4 25,6 5,9 5,8 4,6 6,5 74,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 7,6 3,5 98,2 98,3 Chemiotox Index 180 Fluctuations of surface water characteristics (mg/L Fe-based chemiotox units) Surface water Sediment/Sludge characteristics (mg/kg Pb-based chemiotox index) 160 300,0 Sediment/Sludge 140 250,0 120 200,0 100 150,0 80 60 100,0 40 50,0 20 0,0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Figure 9.7 Illustration of build-up of pollutant contents in the center areas of the main channel. 334 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 9.3. Monitoring of present environmental conditions of VEC (in 2015) The present environmental conditions of VEC (the state of the existing environment) have been consolidated by field monitoring campaigns completed in September 2015. This section present results screening of that campaign. Raw results will be gathered in the Appendices. 9.3.1. The surface water along the TL-BC-NL canal Related to present surface water characteristics, data have been gathered from previous studies and reports (cf Figure 9.1) and analytical results from recent monitoring campaigns organized within the present mandate have been in-depth studied. The maximum allowable concentrations listed on the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (surface water) under the column B2 (fluvial navigation purposes) have been considered for the calculations of the toxicity factors FTOX related to each contaminant. The surface water has been characterized during the both conditions of low and high tide in order to understand the potential influence of hydraulic tidal effects. Traces of heavy metals have been largely analyzed (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Hg). As usual, the MAC for the main contaminant Fe (2 mg/L) has been considered as reference for the calculation of FTOX. For instance, in the case of the contaminant Hg, the calculation is as follows: FTOX-Hg = MAC of Fe / MAC of Hg = 2 mg/L / 0,002 mg/L = 1 000 Several parameters have been discarded in the calculations of CHEMIOTOX UNITS. It can be explained as follow:  The pH values are based on logarithm.  Values of D.O. are random and depend on weather.  TSS often depends on natural turbidity in VietNam.  BOD5 (20oC) values depends only on biodegradable organics and are not representative in the case of cumulative environment impacts.  Nutrients NO3- and SO42- are not really toxics and would be discarded from the list of ―hard‖ pollution parameters to be taken in consideration in the case of strongly-polluted urban channels.  Cl- is not so much present in polluted surface water in VietNam. It would be discarded to the profit of F-.  E. coli, Fecal & Total coliforms are certainly present in all the surface water in VietNam due to the general lack of wastewater treatment plants. Their cumulative effects in contaminated surface water are difficult for interpretation. We can just mention that presence is greater or not than the MACs in each case. The Tables 9.3 to 9.9 summarize the results and conclusions found for the state of environment for surface water. 9.3.2. The sediment/sludge along the TL-BC-NL canal 335 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Sediments have been largely monitored along the main channel. During the present mandate, EXP has focused on the potential effects of high and low tide, at some monitoring locations near the junction with Saigon River. The reference for Chemiotox calculations has been the QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT and the pollutant of reference is Pb. Its MAC is 91,3 mg/kg DW. A summary of results has been gathered on the Table 9.4. We can notice a build-up of concentrations at the locations where hydraulic tidal effects are the less important: central areas and in the deep layer of sediment. 9.3.3. The groundwater along the TL-BC-NL canal The analytical results are compared to the MAC of QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT and the MAC of the parameter FeTOTAL: 5 mg/L has been taken in consideration for applying the Chemiotox Index methodology. The results are summarized on the Table 9.5. While most of the groundwaters are moderately contaminated, the first monitoring location (near the Saigon River, at Chin Xieng canal junction area) indicates a case of strong contamination by NH4-N and Fe. (See Table 9.5) 9.3.4. The soil along the TL-BC-NL canal The soil along the main channel area is moderately contaminated by heavy metals. The reference is the QCVN: 03:2008/BTNMT and the MAC of Pb contaminant has been taken in consideration: 200 mg/kg DW. At several locations, the cumulative impact due the aimed heavy metals has demonstrated a value of Chemiotox Units greater than the MAC. Results are summarized in the Table 9.6. 9.3.5. The characteristics of ambient air along the TL-BC-NL canal Characteristics of ambient air can be altered by both local traffic (TSP, CO & CO2, SO2, NO2, etc.) and emission for aquatic environment (mainly NH3, H2S and VOCs). Both QCVN related to the two series of contaminants are considered: QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (average 1 hour) and QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (average 1 hour). The well-known CO contaminant (MAC = 30 mg/m3) is taken in consideration for the calculations of Chemiotox Units. Results are summarized in the Table 9.7. 9.3.6. Plankton and Phytoplankton Biological inventories of plankton and phytoplankton have been organized in order to support the state of aquatic environment along the main channel. (See Table 9.8 and Table 9.9). Preliminary conclusions would be: in way of eutrophication. Table 9.3 Summary of results for surface water Summary of results for Surface Water monitoring along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of most of all the considered contaminants, the CHEMIOTOX model uses the MAC for the parameter FeTOTAL: 2 mg/L (column B2: case of fluvial transportation). According to the calculations:  At low tide, there is a build-up of the presence of contaminants if during this period, discharges of the 336 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 latter continue on a regular or permanent basis (e.g. continuous discharge (24/7) of the final effluent of the wastewater treatment plant of BinhHungHoa, 150 000 m3/d, continuous free discharge of raw wastewater through combined domestic sewers, etc.)  Build-up of contaminants seems more higher at monitoring locations where hydraulic tidal effects would be less important (from OngBau Canal/SW3 to ThamLuong Bridge/SW8)  From a managerial point of view, the cumulative effects on aquatic fauna (plankton) and flora (phytoplankton) would be far greater than the ones due to the sole MAC of 2 mg/L of Fe toxicity equivalent. 70 Characterisitics of surface water at low tide & at high tide, Chemiotox units (mg/L Fe toxicity equivalent) At low tide 60 Increase of At high tide 50 concentrations at low tide 40 30 20 10 00 SW1-HT SW2-HT SW3-HT SW4-HT SW5-HT SW6-HT SW7-HT SW8-HT SW9-HT SW10-HT 337 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Summary of results for Surface Water monitoring along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel (cont‟d) Two main observations related to microbiological activities:  Main contaminants should be biodegradable organics because the DO levels are very low in comparison with the recommended minimum of 2 mg/L (O2).  The presence of total coliforms is very high due to raw domestic wastewater discharge at several points. Contents in fecal coliforms should be very high accordingly. 3 DO fluctuations along the main channel 2,5 2 1,5 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: minimum 2 mg/L (O2) 1 0,5 0 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 SW9 SW10 008 Coliforms: log [MPN/100 mL] at low & high tide Low tide 007 High tide 006 005 004 003 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: MAC of 4 log 002 SW1-LT SW2-LT SW3-LT SW4-LT SW5-LT SW6-LT SW7-LT SW8-LT SW9-LT SW10-LT 338 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 9.4 Summary of results for sediment/sludge Summary of results for Sediment/Sludge monitoring along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of most of all the considered contaminants, the CHEMIOTOX model uses the MAC for the parameter PbTOTAL: 91,3 mg/kg DW. According to the calculations:  Along the main channel ThamLuong-BenCat-NuocLen, the results gathered during the previous project steps demonstrate a cumulative impact at the locations where hydraulic tidal effects would be less important.  For a fixed area, three would be a progressive build-up of pollutants contents (heavy metals) at deep layers of sediment / sludge.  The recent results indicate an absence of PAHs and pesticides in the sediments. There would be present under dissolved forms (in surface water). Sediment/Sludge characteristics (mg/kg DW Pb Toxicity equivalent) 350,00 Data-results < 2012 300,00 Sediment/Sludge 250,00 200,00 150,00 100,00 50,00 ,00 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 180 Contents in Chemiotox Units (mg/kg DW Pb tox. eq.) at 0,5-m deep layer & top layer of sediments / Results of 2015 160 0,5-m deeep 140 layer Top layer 120 100 80 60 40 20 00 Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 339 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 9.5 Summary of results for groundwater Summary of results for Groundwater monitoring along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of most of all the considered contaminants, the CHEMIOTOX model uses the MAC for the parameter FeTOTAL: 5 mg/L. According to the calculations:  There should be 2 monitoring locations where contamination of groundwater is very high (Chinh Xieng canal area, TrungDai to ChoCau area). The main pollutant would be NH4-N and Fe.  The pH would be often low (acid, less than 5,5) 500 Groundwater characteristics at monitoring locations, Chemiotox Units (mg/L Fe tox. eq.) 400 300 200 Groundwater 100 0 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 Groundwater pH fluctuations at monitoring locations 9 8 7 6 5 pH fluctuations 4 3 2 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 340 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 9.6 Summary of results for soils Summary of results for Soil monitoring along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel The analytical results are compared to the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT. For the assessment of the cumulative impact of the considered heavy metals, the CHEMIOTOX model uses the MAC for the parameter PbTOTAL: 200 mg/kg DW (commercial uses of land). According to the calculations:  At almost 50% of monitoring locations the contents in aimed heavy metals are greater than 200 mg/kg DW Pb toxicity equivalent  The use of sediment/sludge as cover soil without preliminary treatment would increase the contents in heavy metals 500 Soils characteristics at monitoring locations, 450 Chemiotox Units (mg/kg DW Pb toxicity equivalent) 400 Soils… 350 QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT, MAC = 200 mg/kg DW Pb 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Soil pH fluctuations along the monitoring locations 7 pH… 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 341 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 9.7 Ambient Air Quality Summary of results for Ambient air monitoring along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel Monitoring activities have focused on air contaminants aimed by QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT and QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. Detailed results shown low levels of air contaminants (NH3, H2S and VOCs) due to the anaerobic biodegradation within the main water receiving body. Local traffic seems be the main cause of monitored results: TSP, NO2, SO2, CO & Pb. For measuring the cumulative impact, the MAC of CO has been considered. At the majority of monitoring locations, the MAC of 30 mg/m3 CO (Avg-1h) is largely overpassed. 120 Air monitoring (mg/m3 CO equivalent or Chemiotox Units) 100 Air monitoring QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: 30 80 mg/m3 CO (Avg-1h) 60 40 20 00 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 Noise levels along the monitoring locations 100 Noise level 80 60 40 MAC : 70 dBA according to QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, Public locations, 20 between 6:00 AM & 9:00 PM 0 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 342 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 9.8 Plankton counting Summary of results for Plankton counting along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel The direct Plankton counting (biological inventory) in surface water indicates a living water receiving body including microbiological pathogen species from protozoa to larva. Biodegradable organic matters should be abundant to allow such living conditions. The over-polluted ChoDem canal should contribute to an increase on plankton population at high tide while the less polluted Saigon River contribute to the dilution of identified microorganism species. 5000 4500 Low Tide Plankton counting at low & high High tide tide 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 SV1 SV2 SV3 SV4 SV5 SV6 SV7 SV8 SV9 SV10 343 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 9.9 PhytoPlankton counting Summary of results for Phytoplankton counting along the ThamLuong–BenCat–NuocLen channel The conditions of eutrophication seem gathered along the main channel. Microalgae seem abundant, probably due high contents in nutrients (N & P) coming with discharge of domestic wastewater. 008 Phytoplankton at low & high tide, log (Total/m3) At low tide 007 At high tide 007 007 007 007 006 006 006 SV1 SV2 SV3 SV4 SV5 SV6 SV7 SV8 SV9 SV10 9.3.7. Cumulative impact in 2015 In order to avoid duplicate, the field monitoring activities have focused in areas where previous studies had not sufficient results. The Figure 9.8 presents the areas where recent monitoring activities have gathered results. Again lab results confirm a build-up of pollutant concentrations in the central areas where we should observe a low level of hydraulic tidal effects (Figure 9.9). Unfortunately, the recent monitoring activities have not gathered detailed data (contents in heavy metals and other non- biodegradable organics) allowing a numeric quantitative comparison with data gathered before 2012. But we can observe that the pollutant contents gradually increase in the deeper layer of sediments. 344 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Ho Chi Minh City Flood Risk Management Project Junction CauCut canal & 1 29,2 - 54,6 > 2 Summary of the state of the environment main channel 2 32,8 > 30 1 6,5 > 2 Methodology : Chemiotox Index by EXP 3 13 > 5 2 97,6 > 30 4 308,9 > 200 AnLoc to TruongDai 3 1,500 < 5 Monitoring locations 5 181 < 200 bridges (BenPhan) 4 263,3 > 200 1 36,8 - 65,9 > 2 6 6 2 56,6 > 30 5 Surface water & Ambient air Junction BaMien canal 3 0,402 < 5 2 5 and main channel 4 235,8 > 200 1 5,4 > 2 Sediment Sludge only 5 164 < 200 2 96 249 > 30 000 Between AnLoc bridge 3 0,357 < 5 1 Groundwater 5 1 5 & Saigon River 4 Data Legal reference Reference of Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) 3 ChoCau bridge to 1 5,8 > 2 1 Surface water QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT MAC of Fe (Column B2: navigation use) : 2 mg/L TruongDai bridge 2 60,7 > 30 1 12 - 23,7 > 2 2 Ambient air QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT MAC of CO (Average-1h) : 30 mg/m3 3 98 > 5 2 90 417 > 30 000 3 Ground water QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT MAC of Fe : 5 mg/L 4 242,5 > 200 Junction OngTong canal 3 0,456 < 5 4 Sediment sludge QCVN 43:2012 /BTNMT MAC of Pb : 91,3 mg/kg dry basis 5 220 > 200 4 & main channel 4 105,5-114,3 >91,3 4 5 Soils QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT MAC of Pb (Housing soil): 200 mg/kg dry basis 5 341 > 200 ThamLuong bridge to 1 5,9 > 2 4 ChoCau bridge 1 5,9 > 2 Data collected during previous project step 2 2 Data unavailable during previous project step 3 0, 517 < 5 1 15,8 - 18,3 > 2 4 287,9 > 200 1 38,4 - 61,7 > 2 Junction OngBau canal 2 20,0 - 101,5 > 30 Main channel (200-m 5 158 < 200 2 & main channel 3 3 1,645 < 5 from Saigon River) 3 Junction HyVong canal & 1 32,9 - 42 > 2 3 4 122,3-154,8 >91,3 7 1 7 main channel 2 18,6 < 30 4 114,3-125 > 91,3 5 1 3 35 > 5 5 244 > 200 4 178,8 < 200 Junction ChinXieng 5 458 > 200 canal & main channel 2 1 10,8 - 21,1 > 2 2 2 67,4 > 30 1 34,9 - 41,1 > 2 3 471 > 5 8 ThamLuong bridge 8 2 56,4 > 30 4 126-160,5 > 91,3 3 12 > 5 5 SAIGON River 4 321,4 > 200 5 ThamLuong bridge to 1 161,9 > 2 5 CauBung bridge 2 101 857 > 30 000 3 12 > 5 Monitoring locations 4 SW1 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal.(0603441;1197897) 5 SW2 Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602849;1197393) SW3 Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602742;1197488) SW4 Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0602361;1198764) CauBung bridge to 1 SW5 Location at the junction between the Ba Mien canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0601002;1199835) 6 BinhThuan bridge 2 88 107 SW6 Location at the junction between the Cau Cut canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels (0598939;1200474) 3 4<5 SW7 Location at the junction between the Hy Vong channel and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat – Nuoc Len channels.(0596170;1197484) 4 SW8 Location at the Tham Luong bridge, after the discharging point of Tan Binh Industrial Park.(0595884;1196999) 5 SW9 Location at the An Lac bridge.(0593163;1186046) SW10Location 200 meter from Cho Dem river toward the Nuoc Len bridge.(0593205;1184253) 11 BinhThuan bridge - 1 69,6 > 2 70,0 Characterisitics of surface water at low tide & at high tide, Chemiotox units (mg/L Fe toxicity equivalent) At low tide Package 4A 2 136 183 At high tide 3 4<5 60,0 4 162,9 < 200 Increase of concentrations at 5 low tide 50,0 BinhThuan bridge to 1 30,5 > 2 7 BaHom bridge 40,0 2 113 393 3 6>5 30,0 4 5 20,0 BaHom bridge - Package 1 8,9 > 2 12 6A 2 110 356 10,0 3 4 163,5 < 200 0,0 5 SW1-LT SW2-LT SW3-LT SW4-LT SW5-LT SW6-LT SW7-LT SW8-LT SW9-LT SW10-LT BaHom bridge - AnLac 1 8,9 > 2 Contents in Chemiotox Units (mg/kg DW Pb tox. eq.) 8 bridge 2 93 300 > 30 000 180,0 at 0,5-m deep layer & top layer of sediments 3 15 > 5 160,0 4 5 140,0 120,0 1 21,1 - 30,8 > 2 AnLac bridge 9 2 31,4 > 30 9 100,0 3 4 203,6 > 200 80,0 5 60,0 1 2,9 < 2 40,0 9 NuocLen Cong 2 130 063 > 30 000 0,5-m deeep layer 20,0 3 14 > 5 Top layer 4 0,0 5 Sed1 Sed2 Sed3 Sed4 1 18,6 - 19,7 > 2 Monitoring locations ChoDem River (200-m) 2 23,5 - 52,7 > 30 Sed1Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal (0603441;1197897). 10 10 3 Sed2 Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) 4 171,4 < 200 Sed3 Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) 5 Sed4 Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) CHO DEM Canal Figure 9.8 Overall portrait of the state of environment in 2015. 345 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 70,0 Characterisitics of surface water at low tide & at high tide, At low tide Chemiotox units (mg/L Fe toxicity equivalent) At high tide 60,0 Increase of 50,0 concentrations at low tide 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 SW1-LT SW2-LT SW3-LT SW4-LT SW5-LT SW6-LT SW7-LT SW8-LT SW9-LT SW10-LT Figure 9.9 Illustration of build-up of pollutant contents in the center areas of the main channel. 346 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 9.10 Overall portrait (plankton and phytoplankton) of the state of environment in 2015. 347 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project 9.3.8.2 Increase of eco-toxic contents in Sediments / Settled sludge Monitoring locations in 2015 for sediments characterization < 2012 2015 Location 200 meter from Sai Gon river towards the Vam Thuat canal Sed1 119,2 154,8 (0603441;1197897). Location at the junction between the Chin Xieng canal and the Tham Luong – 160,5 Sed2 98,3 Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602849;1197393) Location at the junction between the Ong Bau canal and the Tham Luong – Ben Sed3 - 125,0 Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602742;1197488) Location at the junction between the Ong Tong canal and the Tham Luong – Sed4 - 114,3 Ben Cat- Nuoc Len channels (0602361;1198764) 300,0 Data < 2012 Sediments characteristics CHEMIOTOX Units (mg/kg DW Pb tox. eq.) Data 2015 250,0 Data < 2012 & Data of 2015 Recommended by QCVN 200,0 43:2012 /BTNMT : 91,3 mg/kg DW Pb 150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 Fluctuations of SEDIMENT characteristics along the main channel 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Monitoring locations 10 9 9 8 12 7 11 6 5 8 7 4 3 6 2 5 1 4 3 2 1 136,2 128,1 124,6 147,8 153,6 202,6 186,6 183,1 241,8 139,9 119,2 98,2 98,3 Chemiotox Index Figure 9.12 Increase in Chemiotox Units in the sediments/settled sludge. The sediments/settled sludge in the main channel come from a cumulative effect of the sedimentation of total suspended solids (TSS). In the present case, it should be due to the pollutant solids discharged from urban areas (including stand-alone industries), effluents of industrial parks and surely various run-off rainwater materials. The recent (2015) lab chemical characterization of sediments within two different layers has shown a progressive build-up of Chemiotox Units (mg/kg DW Pb tox. Eq.) in the deeper layer. The comparison between previous 348 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project (before 2012) and recent results at the same monitoring locations (relatively deeper bottoms) has indicated a general progressive build-up of pollutant contents. At lower deeps in the central areas, it should be more cumulative effects and build-up of Chemiotox Units despite an absence of recent planned monitoring activities. The sedimentation phenomena are more important in the lower-depth sections of the main channel. 9.3.8.3 Summary of current situation (2015) of water pollution in the project area The original VietNamese release of the Feasibility Study Report has described in impressive terms the state of the aquatic environment of the main channel. Let us try to translate these sentences that remain significant for the qualtitative description of the current situation, in addition to what the use of Chemiotox Index methodology intents to quantify. ―As well for the other areas within the City, the pollution of the environment due to savage garbage disposal along the channel, uncontrolled discharge of wastewater, emanation of nauseaous biogas becomes an urgent issue while the occurrence of ―dead‖ canals is more than probable. The different sections of the ThamLuong-BenCat-NuocLen channel receive wastewaters from the North and West areas, mainly from plants, industrial enterprises, small industries and a part of domestic wastewaters. The industrial parks in the NorthWest include textiles factories (ThanhCong & ThangLoi), chemical manufacturers (TanBinh, HocMon Rubber), food processing plants (ViFon, ThienHuong, TuongAn Vegetable Oil), liqor and alcohol processing plants, leather, paper, etc. Thousand of inahbitants get used to directly discharge solid wastes and wastewaters into various canals. The surrounding inhabitants along NuocDen Canal (BinhHunhHoa A Ward, BinhTan District) are suffering day after day while garbage are floating on the surface waters and along the embankments. It is not rare to see floating corpses of animals. Smell is so nauseaous during sunny or rainy days: flies, insects, … and they infect food. 9.4. Predict the cumulative impact of project development in 2035 The whole investment project comprises 2 components:  Component 1: Integrated management of urban flood risk. Within this component one can expect an improvement of the capacity of environmental management by the implementation of environmental monitoring locations that will allow direct and rapid flows of information on the fluctuating quality of the environment (air and surface water) in order to implement adequate mitigation measures.  Component 2: Priority flood risk reduction interventions. This component includes: o Construction of 2 tidal sluice gates at the end o f VAMTHUAT and NUOCLEN canals in order to control tidal inflows; 349 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project o Improving the whole THAMLUONG - BENCAT - NUOCLEN Channel system through dredging works and embankment construction in order to improve its ability to discharge flood waters at the safe level of frequency of 10 years; o Construction of the main interceptor system in GOVAP District; o Construction and improvement of a primary and secondary combined sewer system for reaching the appropriate safety level, and construction of the s e c o n d a r y interceptor system in GOVAP District 9.4.1. Wastewater Collection, Drainage and Sanitation With rapid population growth and improvement of functional infrastructure, HCMC will be challenged with environmental pollution. The major sources of pollution would directly discharge untreated wastewater or partially treated wastewater to canals, creeks and rivers. The population growth in the zone of influence could increase the densities of all district up to 136 people per hectare which could result in population of 2 000 000 inhabitants or more. The wastewater flow will generate pollution in the drainage network and at the end into the ThamLuong-BenCat-NuocLen Channel. The wastewater flow generated from factories outside the industrial parks is ranged from 30 to 40 000 m3/day, in which 2.4 tons of pollutant suspended solids are comprised. Total flow of wastewater generated from industrial parks such as TanTao, TanBinh, VinhLoc A, TanThoiHiep is estimated to be more than 32 000 m3/day. This flowrate can potentially contribute about 6.4 tons of pollutant suspended solids into ThamLuong Canal if the discharged wastewater could meet allowable standards. Within the limits of GoVap District, the common technical solution to the drainage of domestic wastewater for the City is using combined or separated drainage system for both run-off rainwater and domestic wastewater collection, depending on the stages of urbanization, economic conditions and environmental sanitation. Box culverts, manholes and pumping stations will deserves the collection and the transfer to the planned wastewater treatment plant (a built- transfer project) that will be located at AnPhuDong Ward, District 12, close to the Saigon River. The main projected interceptor would collect and transfer the mixed wastewater from HyVong Canal area (deserving the TanSonNhat Airport) to the ChinXieng area, close to the location planned for the construction of the tidal sluice gate (VamThuat). Collected wastewater will be pumped to the planned treatment plant (AnPhuDong Ward). The final treated effluent would be discharged at a location downstream the tidal sluice gate or directly into the Saigon River current flow. According to internal regulations of industrial parks, raw wastewaters discharged by industries should be treated (first step) separately by preliminary and primary processes prior to their pumping towards the centralized secondary treatment for a second ―finishing‖ step in order to be 350 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project compliant with the maximum allowable concentrations of QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT. Then the final effluent would be legally discharged into the main channel. In the South-West area, a call for investment has been planned for the implementation of canal dredging projects and construction of a centralized wastewater treatment (―Nha May Xu Ly Nuoc Thai, Tay SaiGon‖). With this expected project the coverage for wastewater collection and drainage component will be limited to 9 urban districts: District 12, GoVap, BinhThanh, TanBinh, TanPhu, BinhTan, BinhChanh, HocMon, and District 8. For determining the impact due to the increase in population within the 9 covered districts, let us propose to assess a scenario for only one phase with the hypothesis of 139,5 person/ha as density in the horizon of 2035. 9.4.2. Divided basins for sanitation In the existing studies of ―Current Situations‖, the Consultant already assessed and described in detail the divided drainage basins as well as existing drainage directions. For deserving the design works, it is necessary to determine boundaries of drainage basins first. As proposed in feasibility study, it is recommended by the Consultant to divide the zone of influence into 9 large drainage basins. Table 8.10 presents surface of each basins in zine of influence but this is not the whole area of these districts Table 9.10 District Area Total area No District (ha) 1 District 12 3 083.4 2 Go Vap District 1 915.7 3 Tan Binh District 525.1 4 Tan Phu Disrict 1 706.5 5 Binh Tan District 1 445.6 6 Hoc Mon District 1 526.1 7 Binh Chanh District 4 589.1 8 District 8 93.3 9 Binh Thanh District 142 Total 14 899 Source: Feasibility Study report, 2015. 9.4.3 Wastewater standard and capacity calculation 9.4.3.1 Demography The population distribution in Ho Chi Minh City is uneven. Regarding the growth rate of population, while the natural growth rate reaches approximately 1.07%, the mechanical growth rate amounted to 2.5%. Immigration status in the city continues to grow in recent years. Since 1999 up to now, the population of 8 districts within the city is decreasing while the population of 351 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project suburban districts and newly-setup districts grew rapidly. The mechanical increase of the city's population is going strongly and difficult to control as indicated in BINHCHANH: population increasing per year was ever up to 30,000 people, equivalent to the population of one commune. (ref: FS Study 2012) In 2007 the estimated population of Ho Chi Minh City was over 6.5 million, growing at around 2.9% per year. It is forecasted that the Study Area population will reach over 13.8 million by 2025, with 10 million people in HCMC. Most of the population growth is projected to happen in outer areas (the urban fringe, suburban and other outlying communities), while the inner core areas are projected either to decrease their populations (in high density areas) or increase moderately (in medium/low density areas). (Ref: Preparing the Ho Chi Minh City Metro Rail System Project, ADB, Project number 39500, Feb 2010) At the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development conference (on Investment Policy Review 2007), it was noted that a new airport and training and research facilities will be built outside Ho Chi Minh City. As a population growth scenario, we are assuming that the airport will be delocalized and that districts will be constructed with new development. With a population growth of 2.5%, total population of zone of influence should reach 2 000 000 latest 2038. We will assume that density will equalized at the average density of 139.5 persons per hectare. The table 9.11 represent population forecast in each district (zone of influence only) for year 2035 with that density. Table 9.11 Population forecasted to 2035 as follows Population Actual Population Number Area 2015 Density 2035 No. District of wards (ha) (persons) (person/ha) Density 139,5 1 District 12 10 3 083,4 181 127 59 430 134 2 Go Vap 11 1 915,7 313 798 161 308 427 3 Binh Thanh 1 142 19 624 138 19 809 4 Tan Binh 1 525,1 37 244 71 73 251 5 Tan Phu 7 1 706,5 218 843 128 238 056 6 Binh Tan 10 1 445,6 199 316 131 201 661 7 Binh Chanh 3 4 589,1 29 670 7 640 179 8 Hoc Mon 5 1 526,1 99 574 65 212 890 9 District 8 1 93,3 9 054 97 13 015 Total: 9 49 14 899 1 108 250 74 2 137 426 districts 352 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project 9.4.3.2. Calculation of wastewater flows Within the Phase I (to 2035), the Project aim at limiting the wastewater at these figures and propose Design References for 2035 as:  Flow of domestic wastewater: 180 L/capita/day in 2035.  Flow of wastewater from Industries, Commerce and Institutional (ICI): 30% Qdomestic;  Irregular coefficient of day max: KDAY-MAX = 1,25;  Known flow from two industrial zones will be added separately. 9.4.3.3 Assessment of Domestic Wastewater Flows The next table represent the volume of wastewater that should be produced in 2035 in each district and that may be collected. Table 9.12 Expected Flow of Wastewater Population 2035 Discharge m3 ICI Total No. District Density 139,5 180 L/pers/day 30% m3/day 1 District 12 430 134 77 424 23 227 100 651 2 Go Vap 308 428 55 517 16 655 72 172 3 Binh Thanh 19 809 3 566 1 070 4 635 4 Tan Binh 73 251 13 185 3 956 17 141 5 Tan Phu 238 057 42 850 12 855 55 705 6 Binh Tan 201 661 36 299 10 890 47 189 7 Binh Chanh 640 179 115 232 34 570 149802 8 Hoc Mon 212 891 38 320 11 496 49 816 9 District 8 13 015 2 343 703 3 046 Total: 9 districts 2 119 598 384 737 115 421 500 158 The calculated flow of wastewater indicates a volume of 500 000 m3/day of wastewater in 2035 that may be discharged directly or indirectly in the THAMLUONG-BENCAT-NUOCLEN Channel system. This flow would be the parameter for pumping stations and treatment plant for residential sector. Over this, feasibility studies identified an industrial zone discharging up to 40 000 m3/day and a second industrial zone discharging at 32 000 m3/day. To evaluate the cumulative impact of zone of influence on the canal, we will assume that the potential pollution measured in term of DBO5 will be equal to Suspended Solids discharged into the canal. So Suspended Solids (SS) will be the indicator to measure the cumulative impact of project development. Then we will propose a revision of the model for 2035. 9.4.3.3. Calculation of Storm water 353 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Table 9.13 Rainfall intensity increase as observed at HCMC According to this trend y = 0.777x – 1 453.5, the maximum intensity will be 128 mm/hour in 2015. The impermeable surface have increase from 30% to 40 % in HCMC (source: Vo Le Phu and Luu Dinh Hiep, Faculty of Environment Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology) which reflect the actual situation. In practice the impermeability factor should be 60% in a mix commercial-residential development in 2015 if mitigation measures are not applied. The simplified approach with the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) may be used to calculate overall the maximum hourly volume of water to fill the Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Channel system in 2035: Q = (I-0,2*S)2 / (I+0,8*S) With: S = 25 400 / CN-254 CN = 86 (2015) CN = 92 (2035) Period of return 1 year Time 90 minutes I = 50 These calculations show an increase of daily runoff of 16% in comparison of rainfall statistics in 2015. 354 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Expected rainfalls (mm/hr) have been assessed for each district. Storm water flows are calculated as shown into Table 9.14. Table 9.14 Rainfall estimation in each district (2015-2035) STORMWATER 2015 2018 2035 Q = (I–0,2xS)x2 / (I+0,8xS) CN = 86 CN = 86 CN = 92 S 41,3488372 41,3488372 22,0869565 Q 28,6913232 28,6913232 36,9023787 Q Q Q In 2015 In 2018 In 2035 No. District SCS flow (m3/d) SCS flow (m3/d) SCS flow (m3/d) 1 District 12 3 083,4 88 467 88 467 113 785 2 Go Vap 1 915,7 54 964 54 964 70 694 3 Binh Thanh 142,0 4 074 4 074 5 240 4 Tan Binh 525,1 15 066 15 066 19 377 5 Tan Phu 1 706,5 49 962 49 962 62 694 6 Binh Tan 1 445,6 41 476 41 476 53 346 7 Binh Chanh 4 589,1 131 667 131 667 169 349 8 Hoc Mon 1 526,1 43 786 43 786 56 317 9 District 8 93,3 2 677 2 677 3 443 Total of 9 districts 15 026,8 431 139 431 139 554 525 The Table 9.14 is presenting assessment for daily flow in each district if all the outfalls are captured and drained to the man channel TL-BC-NL. Table 9.15 Potential sanitary hydraulic load discharged into the channel ThamLuong-BenCat- NuocLen 355 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Year 2015 Year 2018 Year 2035 120 L/pers.-day 120 L/pers.-day 180 L/pers.-day No. District Area ha m3/day m3/day m3/day 1 District 12 3 083,4 21 735 23 365 77 424 2 Go Vap 1 915,7 37 656 40 480 55 517 3 Binh Thanh 142,0 2 355 2 531 3 566 4 Tan Binh 525,1 4 469 4 804 13 185 5 Tan Phu 1 706,5 26 261 28 231 42 850 6 Binh Tan 1 445,6 23 918 25 712 36 299 7 Binh Chanh 4 589,1 3 560 3 827 115 232 8 Hoc Mon 1 526,1 11 949 12 845 38 230 9 District 8 93,3 1 086 1 168 2 343 Total: 9 districts 15 026,8 132 990 142 964 384 737 9.4.3.4. Wastewater Treatment Design Criteria Even if certain existing evaluation methods in Vietnam indicate that domestic effluent includes a content of 35 gram per person per day of DBO5 and TSS, we are forecasting that in 2035 Vietnamese population will reach international standard discharges and the characteristics of raw domestic affluents (before treatment) will reach the average values that are gathered in Table 9.16 Table 9.16 Domestic Wastewater Affluents in 2035 Criteria Unit Quality of Input Wastewater Phase 1 BOD5 mg/L (O2) 236.0 2035 COD mg/L (O2) 380.0 SS mg/L 320.0 Total Nitrogen mg/L (N) 30.0 Total Phosphorus mg/L (P) 6.3 According to the FS Report and other various documents related to the project areas, the implementation of wastewater treatment plants have been planned (at AnPhuDong, District 12, near the Saigon River, 131 000 m3/d – Nha May Xu Ly Nuoc Thay Binh Tan, 150 000 m3/d, etc). If implemented, the final effluents of these plants should be compliant with the related regulations. Table 9.17 Treated Wastewater Quality criteria 2011 Criteria QCVN QCVN 40:2011 No Unit Input of Analysis 40:2011 and and QCVN 14: 356 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project QCVN 14: 2008 (col. B) 2008 (col. A) 1 PH 7,02 5-9 5-9 2 Total suspended solids mg/L 320 50 100 (SS) 3 COD mg/L (O2) 280 75 150 4 BOD5 mg/L (O2) 186 30 50 5 Total N mg/L (N) 40 30 50 6 Total P mg/L (P) 6,3 6 10 8 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 9 250 3 000 5 000 The Table 9.17 shows the criteria that the Consultant will use in 2015 for selection of treatment technological chain and preparation of basic design for the projects as proposed in TCVN. If these criteria are not changed treatment technologies should perform to reach these targets. In the FS column B is proposed as a target for industrial zone and column A is proposed for residential zone. 9.4.3.4. Storm water contamination Urban storm water runoff has been the subject of intensive research since the inception of the Water Quality Act of 1965 in USA. The most comprehensive study of urban runoff was NURP, conducted by EPA between 1978 and 1983. NURP was conducted in order to examine the characteristics of urban runoff and similarities or differences between urban land uses, the extent to which urban runoff is a significant contributor to water quality problems nationwide, and the performance characteristics and effectiveness of management practices to control pollution loads from urban runoff (US EPA 1983). Table 9.18 Pollutant Criteria for Storm Water BOD5, mg/L (O2) 10 COD, mg/L (O2) 73 TSS, mg/L 101 Total Lead, μg/L 144 Total Copper, μg/l 33 Total Zinc, μg/L 135 TKN, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, μg/L 1 900 Nitrate + Nitrite, μg/L 736 Total Phosphorus, μg/L 383 Soluble Phosphorus, μg/L 143 9.4.4. Combined discharge of wastewater and storm water into ThamLuong-BenCat- NuocLen Channel system The Table 9.19 determine the quantity of wastewater and drainage solids to be discharged into the channel system in 2015, in 2018 if WWTPs are in operation and in 2035 if WWTP are built to support population increase. Table 9.20 shows the potential of increase of SS in 2035. Table 9.19 Maximum Daily Loads (TSS) from storm water run-off and final effluent of WWTP No. District 2015 2018 2035 2015 2018 2035 Storm water Wastewater 357 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project kg/day kg/day kg/day kg/day kg/day kg/day 1 District 12 8 847 4 423 5 869 6 955 1 168 3 871 2 Go Vap 5 496 2 748 3 535 12 050 2 024 2 776 3 Binh Thanh 407 204 262 754 127 178 4 Tan Binh 1 507 753 969 1 430 1 430 659 5 Tan Phu 4 896 2 448 3 149 8 404 8 404 2 143 6 Binh Tan 4 148 2 074 2 667 7 654 120 181 7 Binh Chanh 13 167 6 583 8 467 1 139 1 139 5 762 8 Hoc Mon 4 379 2 189 2 816 3 824 3 824 1 916 9 District 8 268 134 172 348 348 117 Total: 9 districts 43 114 21 557 27 726 42 557 18 583 17 603 Table 9.20 Total Maximum Daily Load (TSS) 2015 2018 2035 No. District kg/day kg/day kg/day 1 District 12 15 802 5 592 9 560 2 Go Vap 17 546 4 772 6 311 3 Binh Thanh 1 161 330 440 4 Tan Binh 2 937 2 937 1 628 5 Tan Phu 13 300 13 300 5 291 6 Binh Tan 11 801 11 801 4 482 7 Binh Chanh 14 306 14 306 14 229 8 Hoc Mon 8 202 8 202 4 732 9 District 8 615 615 289 Total: 9 districts 78 137 54 321 45 330 The Table 9.20 illustrates the cumulative impact (kg per day of DBO5 or Suspended Solids) of load that may be discharged in the channel system if WWTP are in operation. This situation suggests that in 2035 all the projected WWTPs will be in operation. According to this hypothesis, there would be some 132 079 tons of dry sludge in the channel in 2035. The volume of sludge may be 3 301 987 m3 at 4% dryness. The figure 8.13 represents the volume of Channel after dredging the channel assuming that bottom will be at -4 meter and top average water level will be at +1 meter over the sea level. Total effective volume of channel will be 6 060 612 m3. This indicates that the canal will filled with up to 55% if no sludge is removed within 20 years. To evaluate the contamination of channel, it will be divide in three sections 1) From ChoDem River to Bridge BaHom Bridge: 1 273 100 m3 2) From BaHom Bridge to Bridge ChoCau Bridge: 2 189 700 m3 3) From Cho CauBridge to Saigon River: 2 597 812 m3 358 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and Environmental and Social Management Plan Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project The Section 1 will receive 50% of discharge from BinhTan District, District 8 and part of District Huyen BinhChanh and certain parts of Section 2. The Section 2 will receive discharge from HocMon District, 50% of District 12, 50% of BinhTan District, TanPhu District, TanBinh District with the catchment of BinhHungHoa WWTP. The treatment plant uses aerated lagoon and stabilization pond technology to treat wastewater from nearby NuocDen canal. NuocDen canal has an area of 785 ha and population in the area is around 120 000 (1999). The canal also receives untreated wastewater from surrounding industrial activities, creating black colour and bad odour in the surface water with the following values for the physico-chemical parameters: SS 250 mg/L, BOD5 200 mg/L (O2), COD 300 mg/L (O2), NH4/NH3-N 25 mg/L (N), and pH 6.5 - 7 (Smet et al.,2006). It will also receive effluents of 2 industrial zones The Section 3 will receive 50% of District 12, GoVap District and part of BinhThanh District. Four scenarios will be evaluated. 1) Rainy Season after modifications occurring in 2018 2) Dry Season after modifications occurring in 2018 3) Rainy Season in 2035 expecting that all WWTP will be completed. 4) Dry Season in 2035 expecting that all WWTP will be completed. According to rainfall statistic 85% of rain is falling from May to October and 15% from December to April. 359 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Figure 9.13 Illustration of dredging and embankment construction works. 360 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Table 9.21 Assessment of pollutant contents based on conventional parameters TSS COD BOD5 Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet 2018+ 2035 2018+ 2035 2018+ 2035 mg/L mg/L (O2) mg/L (O2) 1 91 25 96 52 137 38 144 78 55 15 58 31 2 99 40 96 52 148 60 144 78 59 24 58 31 3 54 27 98 55 81 40 147 82 33 16 59 33 The channel may become an anaerobic pond inn these conditions. During the dry seasons, according some suggestions listed in the FS Report, the sluice gates remain closed in order (at least for 4 months) to preserve the water body at an aimed level for the purposes of fluvial navigation. Dilution of receiving water body would be not sufficient to decrease the pollutant contents. As earlier mentioned, dredging & embankment construction works will modify the hydraulic volumes of the three sections of the main channel. Calculations taking in consideration an increase in population (and pollution discharge into sewerage networks) and an achievement of wastewater treatment plants would allow assessing the pollutant contents in terms of CHEMIOTOX UNITS in the three sections of the main channel as follow: Table 9.21 Assessment of pollutant contents based on Chemiotox units 2018 2035 Dry Wet Dry Wet Seasons Seasons Seasons Seasons CHEMIOTOX UNITS (mg/L Fe Tox. Eq.) Section 1: ChoDem Channel (or NuocLen Sluice Gate) 70,0 19,4 73,5 39,8 to BaHom Bridge Section 2: BaHom Bridge to ChoCau Bridge 75,6 30,6 73,5 39,8 Section 3: ChoCau Bridge to Saigon River (or 41,4 20,4 75,1 41,9 VamThuat Sluice Gate) 361 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 SURFACE WATER 80 CHEMIOTOX Units (mg/L Fe tox.eq.) Data of 2012, 2015, 2018 & 2035 70 Data of 2012 60 Data of 2015 Data of 2018 50 Data of 2035 40 30 20 10 0 SW10 SW9 SW8 SW7 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 Figure 9.14 Potential general increase in pollutant contents assessed with Chemiotox Units. 362 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 The following figures are presenting the schematic of drainage and WWTP organization. Figure 9.15 Illustration of discharges along the main channel in 2015. Figure 9.16 Illustration of discharges along the main channel in 2018. 2035 Hoc Mon Binh Chanh 94637 284581m3/day 4732kg/day 14229kg/day WWTP District 12 WWTP 191209m3/day 9560kg/day WWTP WWTP GO VAP Binh Thanh District 8 Binh Tan Tan Phu Tan Binh 126211m3/daY 8806M3/day 5786m3/day 89645m3/day 105824m3/day 32563m3/day 6311kg/day 440kg/day 289kg/day 2849kg/day 5291kg/day 1628kg/day Figure 9.17 Illustration of discharges along the main channel in 2035. 363 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 FS also proposes two important mitigation measures that could improve the environmental situation: 1) Constructing a retention pond at GOVAP park (available in the planning of control reservoir in HCMC) and to propose size of the reservoir to reduce water level in main canal and reduce inundation for the basin at the head route, nearby SaiGon River (mainly AnPhuDong Ward, Thanh Xuan Ward - District 12. 2) Constructing TanTao retention pond for climate change by 2100. These two measures would have a direct impact to reduce and eliminate contamination coming from stormwater. Mitigation measures like application of Low Impact Development Technologies would also reduce the loads. In these cases the loads would be limited to the contamination due to final effluents of wastewater treatment plants. The WWTP of BinhHungHoa is already in operation and its final effluent is discharged into NUOCDEN Canal. 9.5. Linked Ancillary Projects 9.5.1. Summary of projects Following table presents a summary of current and future projects whose impacts can be negative, neutral or positive to the factors identified previously. Each project is described with status, status of EIA, detail of EMP, cumulative impact assessment and screening of linked project. Table 9.17 Cumulative impacts 1. Project Name DA PHUOC SOLID WASTE TREATMENT COMPLEX Scope of work: The Da Phuoc Solid Waste Treatment Complex near Ho Chi Minh City is Vietnam‘s largest solid waste processing complex. This project was developed, and is currently operated, by Vietnam Waste Solutions (VWS) of Ho Chi Minh City and California Waste Solutions (CWS) of California. This Complex is located in Da Phuoc Commune, Binh Chanh District, Ho Chi Minh City. Capacity of the Complex is currently 10,000 tons per day designed to collect whole domestic solid waste generated by Ho Chi Minh City and partly solid waste collection from Long An province. The complex is planned on an area of Description 128.22 ha that includes administrative office (0.2%), domestic waste treatment factory (6.64%), industrial waste and hazardous waste treatment factory (1.41%), technical infrastructures (5.08%), green field and utilities (0.21%), high-tech landfill including four cells (68.91), green trees and grass cover (5.48%) and internal roads and yards (12.06%). A sanitary landfill sheet included seven layers: stone drainage layer, geotextile layer, HDPE layer, geotextile layer, stone drainage layer, geotextile layer and vegetative soil Waste treatment processing: Waste collected from Ho Chi Minh city and Long An province will be transported to the Da Phuoc landfill. Then, waste is 364 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 compressed by the Compactors and removed odor with Posi-Shell. After waste is filled to fixed height, waste will be covered with waterproof HDPE. Relationship with the HCMC – FRM project: The Da Phuoc Landfill will receive all the dredged materials and construction waste from the demolition process, construction process and dredging process during pre-construction phase, construction phase and operation phase of six components. The project has entered operation with a capacity of 10,000 tons solid waste per Status day The EIA of the project with capacity of 3,000 tons per day has been approved by DONRE of Ho Chi Minh City in accordance with a Decree No. 132/QĐ -TNMT Status of EIA dated on 18th April 2005. Following the approval of HCM PC to upgrade from 3,000 tons per day to 10,000 tons per day, the EIA for upgraded capacity was approved in 2015. Mitigation measure to treat leachate wastewater and storm water: The complex currently has a wastewater treatment complex with a capacity of 4,280 m3 per day. Three wastewater treatment plants were constructed in this complex, including two leachate wastewater treatment plants (280 m3/day and 1,000 m3/day) and one storm water treatment plant (3,000 m3/day). Following the treatment, the wastewater of the first two meets QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT (column B1) and QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (column B) (in accordance with a Decree No. 541/QĐ-TNMT-QLTN dated on 1st June 2012 about extending a license of discharging the treated wastewater to receiving stream) and of the third meets QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT (column B1) (in accordance with a Decree No. 926/QĐ-TNMT-QLTN dated on 4th September 2012 by MONRE about extending a license of discharging the treated wastewater to receiving stream). Detail of EMP Following increasing up to 10,000 tons of solid waste per day, total capacity will be increased from 4,280 m3 per day to 4,510 m3 per day. In this case, the leachate wastewater treatment plant will be upgraded to meet the increased capacity. Mitigation measure to treat gas emission from landfill: Gas emissions from landfill revenues are collected by spaced vertical wells. All the collected gas is flared. Mitigation measures to treat odor and pathogens microorganisms: In addition to the daily soil cover layer to prevent odors, spraying is also done regularly, especially during the time after the rain. In addition, planting of trees is also done to create buffer areas. Limitations of the residents scavenging and require workers to user PPE when working at the landfill. Given the Complex has now received a half of 10,000 tons of solid waste per day, it still has enough area and capacity to receive the solid waste generated Assessment of from the HCM – FRM project. Therefore, negative cumulative impact is assessed cumulative impact to be minimal. WW is discharged in Nga Cay creek which do not directly reach the channel TL-BC-NL. OP 4.12: Screening The Da Phuoc landfill is to accommodate sludge from dredging operation to be 365 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 of linked project supported by HCM – FRM project. This is existing landfill built 10 years ago and it will not require any further civil works or any involuntary land acquisition. Therefore it is noted that this is not considered as linked project, but is considered as ancillary activities. 2. Project Name THAM LUONG BEN CAT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT The project of wastewater treatment plant for a catchment of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len, phase 1, with a total capacity of 131,000 m3 per day. It is scoped in a project ―Wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment plant for a catchment of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len‖, where the Prime Minister approved a pre-feasible study regarding to a document No. 1131/CP-CN dated on 13th August 2014 and investment policy under forms of Building and Transfer (BT) regarding to a document No. 383/QĐ-UBND-DT dated on 8th October 2010. The catchment area where wastewater will be collected for treatment by the Tham Luong Ben Cat WWTP is of 5,141 ha of District 12, Go Vap District and Description Binh Thanh District. It is located at An Phu Dong Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City. Diagram of wastewater treatment technology processing: Wastewater from sewage system  Screen bar  Sand sediment tank  Selector  C-Tech (biological tank)  UV disinfaction tank  Lagoon  Discharge to Vam Thuat River using pump. In addition to those major treatment units, the WWTP also comprise of units to treat gas and sludge (sludge holding tank, belt press, gas collection and treatment). Following treatment, treated wastewater will meet QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A). Status The project is under construction and expected to be completed on May 2017. The EIA of project has been approved by the local authority (DONRE) of Ho Chi Minh City. Below is a summary of impact evaluation for each project components: Waste water treatment plant: - Location is An Phu Dong Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City. Point for discharge is Vam Thuat River and the treated wastewater will meet the Viet Nam environmental standard of type A, QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. - Option technology is Sequencing Batch Reactor. The treatment is activated Status of EIA sludge. - Per EIA, most of the negative environmental impacts are short-term and mitigated. Mitigation measures have been properly proposed in EMP, including institutional arrangement for environmental management, monitoring and capacity building program. Total estimated cost for EMP is as follow: Cost for environmental protection works during construction period is 640,000,000 VND. Cost for environmental protection works during operation period is 408,000,000 VND. 366 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 Cost for environmental quality monitoring program in the first year operation is 42,126,332 VND. (Source: The EIA report of WWTP project 2015) Community consultation has been conducted during project preparation. Most of the participants raised their concerns on compensation prices, construction- caused disturbance and pollution generated during construction and operation phase and requested PMU to comply with the mitigation measures proposed. Proposed mitigation measures on approved EIA report of WWTP project are : Mitigation measures to treat sludge out of WWTP processing: Sludge out of WWTP processing will be treated by following process: Activated sludge  sludge holding tank  Sludge pump Centrifuge  Fertilized or disposed to landfill. Controlling the treated wastewater quality out of WWTP: Detail of EMP According to an approved decision of an EIA report by Ho Chi Minh City People‘s Committee - Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), quality of treated wastewater must satisfy the Viet Nam environmental standard of type A, QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. Environmental monitoring program also included in the EIA report. Impacts will be positive as wastewater from Tham Luong Ben Cat WWTP will Assessment of be treated prior to discharge. However, if the discharge cannot be monitored well cumulative impact in term of treatment performance, it can cause negative impacts to receiving streams. Sludge will accumulate in the channel and will have to be removed. The project has been constructed to collect the domestic wastewater generated from local community located in the Tham Luong ben Cat Nuoc Len Catchment. OP 4.12: Screening It is scoped in a project ―Wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment of linked project plant for a catchment of Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len‖ and constructed to serve the outcomes of project component 4. Therefore, it is considered as a linked project. 3. Project Name TAN TAO INDUSTRIAL PARK Tan Tao IP is located in Binh Tan District, Ho Chi Minh City with total area of 380.15ha. It was established on 30th November 1996 following a Decision 906/TTg and 978/QĐ-MT. In 2008, Tan Tao Investment Industry Corporation constructed a WWTP, which has a capacity of 3,000 m3 per day for extension of Tan Tao IP, and completed that in 2010. This WWTP for Tan Tao IP extension was provided completion certification issued a documents No. 171/BQL-KCN-HCM-QLMT dated Description 14/01/2010. In addition, DONRE of Ho Chi Minh City also issued a document No. 373/GP-TNMT-QLTN dated 23rd April 2012 to provide a discharge license where the project can discharge 3,000 m3 of wastewater per day to receiving stream. This flowrate together with flowrate of the original Tan Tao IP contribute to generate up to 12,000 m3 per day. Major industry sectors invested in this IP comprise of textile, leather, rubber, 367 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 plastic, mechanics, electronics, wood, food. Regarding to document No. 137/CV- ITACO-10, all investors must ensure the wastewater generated from their factories must meet the parameters concentration developed by Tan Tao IP owner before discharging to the central wastewater treatment plant in Tan Tao IP. Currently, approximate 107 business sectors has invested in Tan Tao IP and contribute a total of wastewater flow ranged from 2,300 to 2,400 m3 per day. Wastewater following pretreatment stage undertaken in each factory is permitted to discharge to central wastewater treatment plant of Tan Tao IP for further treatment to meet the QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (Column B). Treated wastewater effluent then enters to sewage system to discharge to Nuoc Len Creek, which is connected to Cho Dem River and Vam Co Dong River. The project has entered operation, where a WWTP was constructed with a Status capacity of 12,000 m3 per day. The EIA of project has been approved by the local authority (DONRE) of Ho Chi Status of EIA Minh City. The business sectors must commit to preliminary treat raw wastewater to meet the influent discharge requirement of central WWTP of Tan Tao IP. Mitigation measures to treat wastewater generated from factories in Tan Tao IP: Tan Tao IP (Original): Wastewater from sewage system  Collection tank  Screen bar  Equalization Tank  Aeration tank (biological tank)  Clarifier  Discharge to Nuoc Len Creek Tan Tao IP (Extension): Detail of EMP Wastewater from sewage system  Collection tank  Fine screen  Equalization Tank  Neutralization tank  Coagulation and flocculation tank  Physical sedimentation tank  Mutech tank (activated sludge)  Disinfection tank  Discharge to Nuoc Len Creek According to the approved decision of the EIA report by Ho Chi Minh City People‘s Committee - Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), quality of treated wastewater must satisfy the Viet Nam environmental standard of type A, QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. Negative cumulative impact is assessed to be minimal as the WWTP can accommodate wastewater generated from factories located in Tan Tao IP to meet Assessment of QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (column A) before discharge. However, if the cumulative impact discharge cannot be monitored well in term of treatment performance, it can cause negative impacts to receiving streams. This is existing landfill established at nearly 20 years ago and it will not involve OP 4.12: Screening any further civil works or any involuntary taking of land. Therefore it is noted of linked project that this is not considered as linked project. 368 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 9.5.2. Screening of cumulative impacts generated from linked/ancillary projects In order to estimate the significance of the impacts generated from linked/ancillary projects on the projects, scoring need to be undertaken for each key factors defined in Section 1. There are six key factors that can be directly or indirectly affected from linked/ancillary projects. Rules are proposed in order to classify the significance of those impacts, including (+) imply for positive impacts and (-) imply for negative impacts and scores 0, 1,2 and 3 referred as negligible, minor, medium and significance. Overall score of each key factor is presented in Table 9.18. The overall scores for key factors indicates that water quality, aquatic ecology and air quality are the most affected key factors given they are directly influenced by the performance of linked wastewater treatment plant and the WWTPs located within the catchment. Groundwater is considered to be affected by the water quality of the Canal. However, the baseline indicates that there are in non-proportional relationship between the surface water quality and groundwater quality, but this in somehow can be affected with the significant change of surface water quality. Therefore, it is of slightly lower score than the first three key factors. The public health is of the most concern as it is directly closely affected by the environment factors. For business development, following completion of the project, the local community will have more options to develop their business along the upgraded Canal. However, their business opportunities can be threaten if water quality of the Canal is affected negatively from low quality of effluent discharge from the contributors. Table 9.18 Screening of cumulative impacts generated from linked/ancillary projects Development Activities in Study Area THAMLUONG- DAPHUOC SOLID BENCAT WASTE WASTEWATER TAN TAO TANBINH TREATMENT TREATMENT INDUSTRIA INDUSTRIA Overall Key factor COMPLEX PLANT L PARK L PARK Score Water quality +2 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±3 Aquatic ecology +1 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±3 Air Quality +1 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±3 Groundwater +1 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 Public health 0 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±3 Business development 0 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 9.6. Design mitigation measures 9.6.1. Objectives The main goal of the in the Tham Luong Ben Cat Nuoc Len Channel restoration is to restore the degraded reservoir to a level that can be permanently sustained through protection and conservation. The water quality target should be in accordance with the quality of natural water and without stresses that cause degradation, i.e. with a good ecosystem health, long-term stability 369 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 and sustainability. On the other hand the time needed to reach the restoration target depends first of all on the residence time (RT), the shorter the RT, shorter will be the time to restore the reservoir. It‘s especially true for a shallow channel. The water quality management of the channel must be at first oriented to control eutrophication and the external factors causing the increase of nutrient load. Restoration program is also oriented to enhance the biodiversity of the channel. Fortunately, in the last decade, many good experiments have been realized and many solutions are now available to control the eutrophication by minimizing the nutrient inflows from the point sources and from the non-point sources (NPS). 9.6.2. Cumulative impact from wastewater and drainage water pollution Wastewater treatment engineering design has to bring solutions for the 3 issues with equal emphasis: odour removal, main influent treatment and sludge disposal. Referring to the results obtained in the previous section, we can conclude that by installing barriers at each end of the channel, it will become a closed tank. Previously the rising and falling tide of the Saigon River and Cho Dem River had a washing effect and allow a dilution of pollution in the channel. Tests show that the central portion of the channel is much more contaminated than the remainder of the channel. By closing the channel, this washing effect will disappear. To reduce contamination of what will become a closed container, we believe that mitigation measures are necessary. As mitigation measures we recommend to: 1) Use the category A standard or more quality standard for discharging to the channel 2) Install the outfalls of WWTP at east side of Van Thuat sluice gate. 3) Develop districts with green infrastructure 4) Develop a strategic sanitation and drainage plan at a local scale. 9.6.3. Green Infrastructure PMU should propose a strategic sanitation and drainage plan with Green Infrastructure. PMU should establish what level of sanitation exists in each district, in terms of facilities, in terms of institutions and in terms of the people‘s perspectives and the level of service expected. PMU should proposed green approach in designing services. By introducing Green Infrastructures the quality of storm water will be improved by a pre-filtration effect. LID (Low Impact Development) measures are proposed. LID is a multi-barrier approach that uses features at the lot, neighborhood, and watershed level to maintain the on-site water balance (Gyurek, 2009). The proposed plan must integrate this multi- barrier approach to reduce the water footprint in the development. This involves: Designing strategies to provide quantity and quality control and enhancement of groundwater recharge (through infiltration of runoff into the soil), retention or detention of runoff for 370 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 permanent storage or for later release, and pollutant settling and entrapment (by conveying runoff slowly through vegetated swales and buffer strips or small wetlands). (Gyurek, 2009) In the proposed approach, all LID features are introduced to maximize water quality. The concept includes features such as rain gardens, bio-retention, and bio-swales. To integrate all systems, it is necessary to protect canals on-site and to link all parts of the system with that water body as the core. LID Features are local infrastructures. There are numerous features to consider in the layout of a LID, with features typically selected and arranged according to the topography and landscape of the site. The LIDC proposes that the following features be incorporated into design. 9.6.3.1. Rain Gardens Rain Gardens enhance local water quality by allowing water to be filtered naturally by soil instead of being piped untreated into large bodies of water (LIDC 2011). A rain garden is a landscaped garden in a shallow depression that receives the storm water from nearby impervious surfaces, thereby recharging it (Dussailsant 2004). Beyond its environmental use, rain gardens provide attractive landscaping and a natural habitat for birds, bees, and butterflies, while encouraging environmental stewardship and community pride (LIDC 2011). 9.6.3.2. Street Storage Street storage refers to the technology of temporarily storing storm water (in densely populated urban areas) on the surface — on- and off-street — and, as needed, below the surface, close to the source (Carr, Esposito & Walsh 2000). The use of street storage and catchment basins reduces the rate of runoff entering storm sewer systems, reducing the required minimum size of water mains conveying storm water pipes (LIDC 2011). 9.6.3.3. Bio-Retention Bio-retention is an alternative to runoff treatment, acting on storm water before it is discharged into waterways (Hsieh & Davis 2003). A landscaped island containing a curb inlet drains a large area or street, channeling rainwater through a small pipe into a municipal storm drain system. Bio-retention consists of porous media layers that can remove pollutants by infiltrating runoff through mechanisms that include adsorption, precipitation, and filtration (Hsieh & Davis 2003). 9.6.3.4. Permeable Pavements Permeable pavement systems restore soil infiltration functions in the urban landscape. These systems are mainly composed of porous pavement systems in parking areas (LIDC). Permeable pavements offer one solution to the problem of increased storm water runoff and the decreased stream water quality associated with automobile usage (Brattebo & Booth 2003). Permeable pavements with reservoir structures consisting of concrete paving stones offer the possibility for decentralized, sustainable storm water management and source control in urban areas. Runoff from streets and parking areas with low traffic densities can be infiltrated to support groundwater recharge and to reduce hydraulic stress in sewer systems. Infiltration can help to return the urban water cycle to its natural condition, increasing the level of groundwater (Dierkes et al. 2002). 371 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 9.6.3.5. Vegetated Roof Cover Green roofs (roofs with a vegetated surface and substrate) provide ecosystem services in urban areas, including improved storm water management, better regulation of building temperatures, reduced urban heat island effects, and increased urban wildlife habitat (Oberndoofer et al. 2007). The use of vegetation on a rooftop as an alternative to traditional roofing materials is an increasingly utilized example of GI practice. The vegetation and growing media perform a number of functions that improve environmental performance, including absorption of rainfall, reduction of roof temperatures, improvement in ambient air quality, and the provision of urban habitat (Carter & Keeler 2007). 9.6.3.6. Bioswales Bioswales are broad ditches with gentle slopes. Swales are vegetated open channels designed to accept sheet flow runoff and convey it in a broad shallow flow. Swales are used to reduce storm water volume through infiltration, improve water quality through vegetative and soil filtration, and reduce flow velocity by increasing channel roughness (Lukes & Kloss 2008). Bioswales can take many forms. Generally, bioswales can be contained in approximately one per cent of the land area draining into them. Since bioswales are linear, they work well along impermeable surfaces such as roads and sidewalks (Wahl 2009). 9.6.3.7. Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater harvesting, which involves the collection of rainwater from impervious surfaces and storing it for later use, is a technique that has been used for millennia. Although, rainwater harvesting has not been widely employed in industrialized societies, which rely primarily on centralized water distribution systems, with the increasing recognition of the need to address the problems of limited water resources and storm water pollution, and the emergence of green building design, the role of rainwater harvesting in water supply is being reassessed (Kloss 2009). 9.6.3.8. Tertiary treatment In addition to the site sizing to physically accommodate future treatment plant extensions, it is necessary for the designer to include provisions to deal with the future expansion and /or process changes. Onsite sewage additional treatment should be designed such that their capacity can be increased and/or parallel facilities constructed without the need for major disruption of plant operation. The layout and sizing of channels and plant piping should be such that additional treatment units can be added in the future or increases in loading rates can be accommodated hydraulically. The location of buildings and tanks should allow for the location of the next stages of expansion. Buffer areas should be provided. Treatment beyond the norm of secondary or equivalent level for various watersheds may be necessary due to limited assimilation capacity and/or critical downstream uses being made of the water receiving body. Some sewage treatment plants are required to meet more stringent effluent quality requirements than associated with secondary treatment. The receiving water- 372 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 based effluent requirements are incorporated into the A and B QCVN 40:2011 and QCVN 14:2008 of BTNMT, as effluent compliance limits with appropriate effluent quality objectives in terms of concentrations and loadings. Depending on the effluent requirements, there are a number of suitable alternative sewage treatment processes that can be considered. In this case to mitigate impact of load discharged into the main channel, a tertiary treatment should be added to the proposed process. Granular media filters may be used as an advanced treatment process for the removal of residual TSS and Total-P from secondary effluent. Filters may be necessary where effluent concentrations of less than 15 mg/L of TSS and/or 0,5 mg/L of Total-P need to be achieved. A pre-treatment process such as chemical coagulation and sedimentation or other acceptable process should precede the granular media filter units where effluent suspended solids requirements are less than 10 mg/L. In this case, provision for continuous backwashing up flow sand filters should be planned to eliminate suspended solids in the effluent of WWTP. This will improve largely water quality in the Channel. 373 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 ANNEX 10 SUMMARY OF DUE DILIGENCE REPORT ON THAM LUONG-BEN CAT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT PROJECT (PHASE 1); SUMMARY OF DUE DILIGENCE REPORT ON DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND WATER ENVIRONMENT IMPROVEMENT OF THE THAM LUONG-BEN CAT-NUOC LEN MAIN CANAL PROJECT (PHASE 1) 374 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 10.1. Summary Of Due Diligence Report On Tham Luong - Ben Cat Wastewater Treatment Plant Project (Phase 1) The Government of Vietnam (GoV) requested a loan from the World Bank (WB) for the implementation of Ho Chi Minh City Flood Risk Management Project (HCMCFRMP). Under support of the WB, an integrated flood risk management approach for Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is established to continually improve drainage systems, flood control and environmental sanitation for the City, where a focal point will be a catchment of Tham Luong- Ben Cat-Nuoc Len canal. According to WB‘s requirements, resettlement caused by non-Bank-financed activities which are critical to the design or performance of Bank project requires due diligence (DD) by the Bank 7. Activities causing resettlement are usually contemporaneous with the Bank investment. To address the fact that these activities are not part of the WB project, the Bank applies a DD approach. Following such policy requirements, the national project, Tham Luong-Ben Cat Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Project (hereinafter referred to as the Project) was identified as a link activity associated to the HCMC FRMP financed by WB. Therefore, a due diligence review (DDR) was conducted in October 2015 for this Project. The main purpose of this DDR is to verify whether the land acquisition was implemented in accordance with the laws and regulations of the GoV, and to identify the gaps between the regulations of the GoV and actual implementation. Furthermore, the DDR will assess the present living standards as well as the level of livelihood restoration of the affected people (APs) after land acquisition by the projects. In case, these due diligences conclude that the APs lack of sustainable livelihood resources, additional support and rehabilitation measures to restore and improve the incomes and living standards of the APs will be proposed to ensure that the outcomes of the project in line with the policy objectives of the WB as described in the OP 4.12. A number of research methods are carried out for the purpose of the DDR including desk review, in-depth interview, group discussion, questionnaire survey, and field visit. Information presented in the DDR are largely obtained from interviews of persons knowledgeable about the land acquisition process of the two abovementioned national projects, including 7 affected households (AHs) and 8 representatives of the local authorities, particularly from the District Compensation, Assistance, and Resettlement Boards (DCARBs) and People‘s Committees at ward/commune level. Desk review of detailed measurement survey (DMS) records and approved compensation plans of the AHs augmented information gathered in the interviews. The Tham Luong-Ben Cat WWTP is located at the Residential Group No. 2 in An Phu Dong Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City. The WWTP has a total area of 55,549.2 m2 with the design capacity of 131,000 m3 a day-night in the first phase and 250,000 m3 a day-night when 7 According to the Bank‘s OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, OP 4.12 applies to the projects that in the judgment of the Bank are (a) directly and significantly related to the Bank-assisted project; (b) necessary to achieve its objectives as set forth in the project documents; and (c) carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project (Para. 4). 375 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 completed. The civil work of the Project was commenced on April 26 2015 and is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2017. According to the initial engineering design, the construction of the WWTP would require an aggregate 136,119 m2 of land belonging to 241 households, including 67 households in the Phase 1 and 174 households in the Phase 2. In April 2015, the WWTP planning was adjusted by reducing the plant area to 55,549.2 m2 including 23,173.7 m2 for the plant campus in the Phase 1 and 32,375.5 m2 in the Phase 2. Accordingly, the number of PAHs have reduced to 67 households including 22 households in the Phase 1 and 45 households in the Phase 2. The key findings of the DDR for the Tham Luong-Ben Cat WWTP Project are as follows: 1. The land acquisition and compensation payment process was carried out since 2010. The compensation, assistance, and resettlement of the Project complied with the 2013 Land Law and its associated decrees as well as the local decisions and policies issued by Ho Chi Minh City People‘s Committee at that time, particularly Decision No. 35/2010/QD-UBND on compensation, assistance, and resettlement in the area of HCMC. However, to date, only less than half of the total number of PAHs have received compensation (30 households including 18 AHs of the Phase 1 and 12 AHs of the Phase 2) while 29 households still refuse to receive compensation (4 AHs of the Phase 1 and 25 AHs of the Phase 2). For the remaining eight households in the Phase 2, their compensation payment decisions are yet to be issued by the local government. 2. Among the reasons for the outstanding issues related to compensation and resettlement are the overlap in planning in the project area together with loose land management of the local authorities and non-transparent, unofficial land transactions among households, which contributed to hindering the land acquisition process. Particularly, the overlapping and adjustment of planning have led to more complicated issues since several households already received compensation and resettlement land at the relocation site although they are no longer affected by the Project. 3. Low compensation rates, although based on independent valuation, did not meet the market prices. In fact, even the compensation plus the whole assistance package (relocation allowance, life stability support, etc.) together with preference in purchasing resettlement houses (for legal users) could not meet the market prices for residential land in the area. This is the main reason why several households refuse to receive compensation. 4. Information disclosure and consultation meetings were conducted for several times during the project implementation process with the local authorities and residents in the project area. However, during the design and planning process, there was no information provided for the APs. Similarly, the dissemination activities were mostly one-way and focused on regulations and policies applied by the Project. Information related to other supports such as income restoration program was not provided for the APs. Therefore, although there are available funds targeting the poor and APs whose land is acquired in the area, the interviewed APs are not aware of them. 376 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 5. In the project area, land-based livelihood is not the main source of income of the PAHs. The number of households dependent on agriculture in this area is rather small, only accounting for about 5% of the total households in An Phu Dong. Therefore, the acquisition of productive land did not severely affect the PAHs‘ incomes. Although the annual household income of the interviewed households shows a slight increase; when being asked about changes in living standards, 100% of the respondents assess that their living standards are worse than pre-project level. Furthermore, their access to public services is also worse. This can be explained by two main reasons: (i) only two out of seven interviewed households have received compensation while the rest still refuse; and (ii) inflation rate in the recent years has made people‘s lives more difficult in general. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that the low compensation and assistance rates have not enabled the APs to make decisive changes in their lives. 6. Lastly, there is no formal policy regarding monitoring in the regulation of Vietnam. As a result, there is no monitoring mechanism for the project impacts and restoration of income and living standards of the APs. Information related to the relocated households who already moved out of An Phu Dong Ward as well as their restoration ability cannot be assessed as the Ward PC and Fatherland Front or WU do not have information related to them. The 15 PAHs of the Phase 1 have moved out of An Phu Dong Ward and thus not being able to meet these households has limited a deeper assessment of project‘s impacts on livelihoods as well as income restoration level of the APs. A corrective action plan is proposed for the abovementioned shortcomings vis-à-vis the resettlement policies and regulations of the government and the way the DCARB carried out land acquisition since 2010. 10.2. Summary Of Due Diligence Report On Drainage System And Water Environment Improvement Of The Tham Luong-Ben Cat-Nuoc Len Main Canal Project (Phase 1) The Government of Vietnam (GoV) requested a loan from the World Bank (WB) for the implementation of Ho Chi Minh City Flood Risk Management Project (HCMCFRMP). Under support of the WB, an integrated flood risk management approach for Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is established to continually improve drainage systems, flood control and environmental sanitation for the City, where a focal point will be a catchment of Tham Luong- Ben Cat-Nuoc Len canal. According to WB‘s requirements, resettlement caused by non-Bank-financed activities which are critical to the design or performance of Bank project requires due diligence (DD) by the Bank 8. Activities causing resettlement are usually contemporaneous with the Bank investment. To 8 According to the Bank‘s OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, OP 4.12 applies to the projects that in the judgment of the Bank are (a) directly and significantly related to the Bank-assisted project; (b) necessary to achieve its objectives as set forth in the project documents; and (c) carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project (Para. 4). 377 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 address the fact that these activities are not part of the WB project, the Bank applies a DD approach. Following such policy requirements, the national project, Drainage System and Water Environment Improvement of the Tham Luong-Ben Cat-Nuoc Len Main Canal Project (hereinafter referred to as the Project) is identified as associated to the HCMFRMP financed by WB. Therefore, a due diligence review (DDR) was conducted in October 2015 for this Project. The main purpose of this DDR is to verify whether the land acquisition was implemented in accordance with the laws and regulations of the GoV, and to identify the gaps between the regulations of the GoV and actual implementation. Furthermore, the DDR will assess the present living standards as well as the level of livelihood restoration of the affected people (APs) after land acquisition by the projects. In case, these due diligences conclude that the APs lack of sustainable livelihood resources, additional support and rehabilitation measures to restore and improve the incomes and living standards of the APs will be proposed to ensure that the outcomes of the project in line with the policy objectives of the WB as described in the OP 4.12. A number of research methods are carried out for the purpose of the DDR including desk review, in-depth interview, group discussion, questionnaire survey, and field visit. Information presented in the DDR are largely obtained from interviews of persons knowledgeable about the land acquisition process of the two abovementioned national projects, including questionnaire survey with 211 affected households (AHs) and interviews with 28 representatives of the local authorities, particularly from the District Compensation, Assistance, and Resettlement Boards (DCARBs) and People‘s Committees at ward/commune level. Desk review of detailed measurement survey (DMS) records and approved compensation plans of the AHs augmented information gathered in the interviews. The Project consists of the dredging of an aggregate 32,714 meters of canal and rehabilitation and construction of 134 sewers. The overall objective of the Project is to drain runoff water and prevent flooding for residential areas, industrial zones, urban development, green space, and garden house with the total basin area of 14,900 hectares. The project area covers 17 wards and two communes belonging to eight districts of HCMC, namely District 8, Binh Tan, Tan Phu, Tan Binh, District 12, Go Vap, Binh Thanh, and Binh Chanh. The Project‘s phase 1 requires the acquisition of an aggregate 1,534,600 m2 belonging to 3,212 households and 46 organizations. By land use, these comprise 309,527 m2 of residential land (20.1%); 238,822 m2 of specially used land (15.6%), and 986,251 m2 of agricultural land (64.3%). Among the total PAHs, 1,342 households are fully affected, thus have to relocate; of which, 654 households are eligible for resettlement entitlements while 391 households are deemed ineligible. The remaining 1,870 households are partially affected; of which, 498 households are affected on a part of their houses and have sufficient remaining area to reorganize (including production establishment/business households). The key findings of the DDR for the Tham Luong-Ben Cat-Nuoc Len Canal Project are as follows: 378 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 1. To date, land acquisition activities in three districts, namely Binh Chanh, Tan Phu, and Binh Thanh have been completed while the rest including Binh Tan, Tan Binh, District 12, and Go Vap have not been finished. Of the total 3,212 households, 2,937 households, accounting for 91.4%, have received compensation and handed over site to the Project. 268 AHs, or 8.3%, have not handed over site although 44 of them have already received compensation. The compensation for 212 households who refuse to receive compensation were deposited into bank accounts while the remaining 12 households (0.3%) are waiting for compensation payment decisions to be issued by the local government. 2. Land acquisition and compensation process of the Project has been carried out since 2002 and thus undergone two revisions of the Land Law in 2003 and 2013. The compensation, assistance, and resettlement of the Project are assessed as compliant with the 1993 and 2003 Land Laws and their associated decrees as well as the local decisions and policies issued by Ho Chi Minh City People‘s Committee at that time. Particularly, the City‘s Directive No. 08/2002/CT-UBND has issued an important milestone, April 22 2002, which can be considered as the ―cut-off date‖, to decide the eligibility of the APs for compensation for their affected houses and structures. 3. Land acquisition and compensation activities of the Project are significantly delayed. Specifically, the compensation plans for the AHs were prepared in 2002 and compensation rates applied were issued in 1995. Then the compensation rates were adjusted one time in 2005 and remained the same until now. Such policy adjustments are only made when there are too many complaints and objections from the APs to receive compensation and hand over site to the Project. However, even these adjustments are not carried out in a timely manner. Several recommendations of the DCARBs were proposed since 2007; however, after 7 years, until 2014 did the City PC approve these proposals. 4. The resettlement site (RS), particularly Vinh Loc B, is not acceptable to several AHs. The selection of the RS was not decided by the APs but implemented according to the city‘s planning. Vinh Loc B RS in Vinh Loc Commune, Binh Chanh District, was developed comprising 30 apartment buildings to arrange resettlement for the city‘s projects involved land acquisition. However, the design of resettlement apartments is not suitable to the large- size households and the use of corrugated iron roofs are not suitable to the weather. Moreover, the RS is too far with little opportunity for economic development. Therefore, the PAHs do not want to receive houses in the RS and refuse to hand over site although they already received compensation. For those that were arranged to relocate here, the majority of them live in other places while letting other people use or lease their allocated apartments. Moreover, the RS of the Project does not meet a principle stipulated in the Government‘s Decree No. 22/1998, which is the principle of equivalent value. 5. Information disclosure and consultation meetings were conducted for several times during the project implementation process with the local authorities and residents in the project area. However, during the design and planning process, there was no information provided for the APs. Similarly, the dissemination activities were mostly one-way and focused on regulations and policies applied by the Project. Information related to other supports such as 379 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 income restoration program was not provided for the APs. Therefore, although there are available funds targeting the poor and APs whose land is acquired in the area, the interviewed APs are not aware of them. 6. There are several outstanding complaints related to the Project. A total 687 written complaints have been sent to the DCARBs; of which, 419 cases, or 61%, were resolved while 268 complaints (39%) are yet to be solved. Most of the complaints lodged by APs are related to (i) low compensation rates for affected land; and (ii) legal status of land. 7. In the project area, land-based livelihood is not the main source of income of the PAHs. The number of households dependent on agriculture in this area is rather small. Therefore, the acquisition of productive land do not severely affect the income and livelihoods of the AHs. Like other national projects, the post-resettlement monitoring is not conducted as there is no regulation as well as allocated budget for monitoring income restoration of the APs. 8. Accumulated impacts are identified for 25 households who are affected by both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of this Project. Hence, special attention needs to be given to these households, particularly in restoring their living standards. Although the compensation, assistance, and resettlement activities of the Project are in compliant with the national laws and government‘s regulations, it is not a good practice due to the outstanding issues and delays of the Project, which is costly because the Project is not completed and causes adverse social impacts. Hence, a corrective action plan is proposed for the abovementioned shortcomings vis-à-vis the resettlement policies and regulations of the government and the way the DCARBs carried out land acquisition since 2002. These corrective actions must be completed by the end of June 2016 at the latest. 380 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, HCMC Steering Center of the Urban and Environmental and Social Management Plan Flood Control Program Proposed HCMC Flood Risk Management Project Date Submitted: December 2, 2015 381