TABLE OF CONTENTS Number Table Page Table 0.1 Sample composition (# of Households) 3 Table 0.2 Contact Rate 4 Figure 0.1 Number of attempts 5 Figure 0.2 Interview Duration 6 Table 0.3 Result of Interview 7 Table 0.4 Language of interview 8 Table 0.5 Sample Composition by Consumption quintile 9 Table 1.1 Respondent Characteristics - Age and Sex 10 Table 1.2 Sample composition (# of Households) 11 Table 1.3 Respondent education 12 Table 1.4 Characteristics of Household 13 Table 1.5 Older Adults and Dependency 14 Knowledge of measures that can reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19/ Table 2.1 15 coronavirus (% of HH) Table 2.2 Knowledge of government actions to curb the spread of coronavirus (% of HH) 16 Satisfaction with government response to the coronavirus crisis (% of HH that know Table 2.3 17 about actions of the government or declare that there is no action) Table 2.4 COVID-19 outbreak - awareness & government action 18 Table 2.5 Prevalence of safe practices, since mid-March 19 Table 2.6 COVID-19 precautions - knowledge & behavior (% of respondents) 20 Table 2.7 Degree of worry about self/inmediate family becoming seriously ill from Coronavirus 21 Table 2.8 Degree of perception of threat to household's finance caused by coronavirus 22 Table 3.1 Accumulated basic needs 23 Table 3.2 Access to basic needs, past 7 days 24 Table 3.3 Reasons basic needs were not available (% of HHs that could not buy) 25 Table 3.4 Food Security Problems 26 Table 3.5 Medical treatment since mid-March 2020 27 Reasons unable to access medical treatment (% of HHs where one of the members Table 3.6 28 needed medical treatment) Table 3.7 Coronavirus restrictions - effects on education* 29 Table 3.8 Types of learning activities, past 7 days 30 Table 3.9 Means of contact with teachers 31 Table 3.10 Access to financial institutions (ATM, bank, money agents) 32 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 1 Number Table Page Table 4.1 WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) 33 Table 4.2 Work stoppages, by industry of main job 34 Table 4.3 Work stoppages, main reason 35 Table 4.4 Type of work of those respondents working 36 Table 4.5 Type of work of those respondents working (main activity) 37 Table 4.6 Main industry of those respondents working 38 Table 4.7 WAGE WORKERS, respondents only - underemployment indicators 39 Table 4.8 Family businesses and farms 40 Table 4.9 Family business - Revenues by enterprise 41 Table 4.10 None/Less revenues in family business 42 Table 4.11 Family farms - prevalence 43 Main reasons of not being able to perform normal farm activities ( Includes crops, Table 4.12 44 livestock, & fishing) Table 4.13 HH Income sources in the last 12 months 45 Percentage of HHs with Non-Farm Businesses (only HHs interviewed in COVID-19 Table 4.14 46 phone survey) Table 4.15 Labor Force by main activity sector 47 Figure 4.1 Working Situation of Respondents 48 Figure 4.2 Impact of COVID-19 in working status by sector 49 Table 5.1 SAFETY NETS since mid-March 2020, by quintiles 50 Table 5.2 Source of Food Assistance since mid-March 2020 51 Table 5.3 Number of shocks per HH, since mid-March 52 Table 5.4 Types of shocks, since mid-March 53 Table 5.5 Coping mechanisms for shocks, since mid-March 54 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 2 SECTION 0: METADATA Table 0.1: Sample Composition (# of Households) Sector Zones Total North North North South South South Urban Rural Central East West East South West Sample size, GHS 2019 4,976 1,592 3,384 845 825 843 824 815 824 HHs called for Round 1 (sample size) 3,000 967 2,033 530 507 487 497 477 502 HHs fully interviewed 1,950 755 1,195 319 328 300 352 279 372 HHs reached but not fully interviewed 78 23 55 17 6 8 14 21 12 HHs refused 42 18 24 16 1 2 - 18 5 HHs unable to reach 930 171 759 178 172 177 131 159 113 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 3 SECTION 0: METADATA Table 0.2: Contact Rate Average # per HH % of Total HHs Calls made - all HHs 4.98 100.0 Calls made, HHs interviewed 3.69 67.2 Calls made, HHs refused 3.79 1.4 Calls made, no contact 8.43 24.3 Calls made, other non-response 5.61 7.1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 4 SECTION 0: METADATA Figure 1. Number of Call Attempts 0.400 0.350 0.300 0.250 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.050 0.000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Reached Not Reached Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 5 SECTION 0: METADATA Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 6 SECTION 0: METADATA Table 0.3: Result of Interview SECTOR OVERALL Urban Rural # of % of overall # of % of urban # of % of rural households sample households sample households sample Contacted 2070 69.0 796 82.3 1274 62.7 Complete 1950 65.0 755 78.1 1195 58.8 Partially Complete 65 2.2 19 2.0 46 2.3 Refused 42 1.4 18 1.9 24 1.2 Language barrier 13 0.4 4 0.4 9 0.4 Not contacted 930 31.0 171 17.7 759 37.3 Nobody answering 82 2.7 15 1.6 67 3.3 Number does not exist 48 1.6 9 0.9 39 1.9 Phone turned off 600 20.0 96 9.9 504 24.8 Wrong number (don't know the household) 107 3.6 28 2.9 79 3.9 Reference person can't connect to household 93 3.1 23 2.4 70 3.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 7 SECTION 0: METADATA Table 0.4: Language of interview Languaje % of Interviews English 23.2 Pidgin 9.0 Hausa 33.3 Yoruba 17.1 Igbo 14.1 Ibibio 1.0 Tiv 1.0 Other 1.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 8 SECTION 0: METADATA Table 0.5: Sample Composition by Consumption quintile* GHS Phone sample Characteristic Unweighted Weighted Unweighted Weighted Sample size (successful interviews) 4976 - 1950 - Average household size 5.33 5.53 5.52 5.53 Household head characteristics Female head (%) 20.1 18.6 19.1 18.6 Age 49.8 48.8 49.4 49.2 Literate (%) 72.8 74.4 79.4 74.4 Asset ownership Regular mobile phone 66.1 65.4 71.1 66.0 Smart phone 26.5 26.7 32.9 26.8 Television 45.5 45.1 55.3 48.1 Refrigerator 18.0 17.3 23.4 18.7 Car 9.8 9.6 12.5 9.4 Generator 26.3 24.6 32.4 24.4 Consumption quintile Q1 12.2 11.7 9.7 11.7 Q2 13.7 14.3 12.4 14.3 Q3 18.5 17.8 17.3 17.8 Q4 22.3 23.0 23.5 23.0 Q5 33.3 33.1 37.1 33.1 * Based on information from the GHS only. Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 9 SECTION 1: BASIC INFORMATION Table 1.1. Respondent Characteristics - Age & Sex By Sex Number of % of Male Female respondents respondents respondents respondents Median age of respondents 45 -- 45 46 15-24 years 101 5.2 4.4 7.4 25-39 years 595 30.5 30.9 29.5 40-49 years 472 24.2 25.7 20.2 50-64 years 531 27.2 26.8 28.3 65 years and above 251 12.9 12.2 14.6 Total 1424 526 Percent 73.0 27.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 10 SECTION 1: BASIC INFORMATION Table 1.2: Respondent relationship to head Number of respondents Distribution of respondents Relationship to HH Head: Total Male Female Total Male Female Head 1603 1314 289 82.2 92.3 54.9 Spouse 172 1 171 8.8 0.1 32.5 Child (own/step/adopted) 141 90 51 7.2 6.3 9.7 Other relative 33 19 14 1.7 1.3 2.7 Not related 1 0 1 0.1 0.0 0.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 11 SECTION 1: BASIC INFORMATION Table 1.3: Respondent education* Number of respondents Distribution of respondents Education Total Male Female Total Male Female Literate (in any language) 1569 1213 356 80.5 85.2 67.7 Level No school 274 151 123 14.3 10.8 23.7 Primary - partial 86 54 32 4.5 3.9 6.2 Primary - completed 352 254 98 18.4 18.2 18.9 Secondary - partial 147 106 41 7.7 7.6 7.9 Secondary - completed 513 387 126 26.8 27.8 24.3 Tertiary - partial & completed 430 340 90 22.5 24.4 17.3 Religious 110 101 9 5.8 7.3 1.7 *Excludes 38 respondents that are new hh members Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 12 SECTION 1: BASIC INFORMATION Table 1.4: Characteristics of Household GHS Consumption Quintile Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Household size (average # individuals) 5.53 9.28 7.52 6.00 5.07 3.41 Household head, female (%) 18.4 7.8 10.5 21.7 21.2 21.9 Education level of HH Head: No school 21.9 41.9 22.2 22.4 20.1 15.8 Primary - partial 5.4 5.9 6.1 8.6 5.8 3.0 Primary - completed 18.9 11.6 16.0 18.6 22.8 20.2 Secondary - partial 5.4 4.0 7.8 6.1 6.4 3.8 Secondary - completed 22.7 12.1 14.8 18.7 29.2 27.4 Tertiary - partial & completed 16.0 6.3 10.0 9.9 11.0 28.8 Religious 9.7 18.3 23.1 15.7 4.6 1.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 13 SECTION 1: BASIC INFORMATION Table 1.5: Older Adults and Dependency GHS Consumption Quintile Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Individuals 50 - 64 years old (%) 7.6 5.4 6.2 6.5 8.4 10.7 65 years old and older (%) 4.4 2.1 2.0 4.7 5.4 7.4 Household HHs with at least 1 person 50 - 64 (%) 39.6 48.5 43.2 36.9 38.8 37.0 HHs with at least 1 person 65+ (%) 23.7 18.8 14.8 28.4 25.7 25.3 HHs with at least 1 person 50+ (%) 53.4 60.6 50.7 55.3 52.8 51.5 Average share of members 50 - 64 9.0 5.6 6.5 6.5 9.7 12.2 Average share of members 65+ 7.4 2.7 2.3 6.4 9.7 10.1 HHs with at least 1 person below 15 75.9 97.4 94.7 89.5 76.2 52.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 14 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.1: Knowledge of measures that can reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19/ coronavirus (% of HH) % of HHs Handwashing 97.4 Use of sanitizer 65.6 No Handshake / physical greetings 81.0 Use of mask 73.9 Use of gloves 56.1 Avoid travel 80.3 Staying at home and avoid going out unless necessary 88.8 Avoid crowded places or gatherings with many people 89.9 Maintain enough distance of at least 1 meter 81.9 Avoiding touching your face 63.1 None of the above reported 0.6 Knowledge of measures that can reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19/ coronavirus (% of HH) Avoiding touching your face Maintain enough distance of at least 1 meter Avoid crowded places or gatherings with many… Staying at home and avoid going out unless… Avoid travel Use of gloves Use of mask No Handshake / physical greetings Use of sanitizer Handwashing 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 15 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.2: Knowledge of government actions to curb the spread of coronavirus (% of HH) % of HHs At least one action to curb the spread of coronavirus 93.1 Advised citizens to stay at home 69.1 Advised to avoid gatherings 61.7 Restricted travel within country/area 32.1 Restricted international travel 10.4 Actions to curb the Closure of schools and universities 32.6 spread of Curfew/ lockdown 42.7 coronavirus Closure of non essential businesses 31.5 Sensitization/ Public Awareness 35.1 Established isolation centers 7.1 Disinfection of public places 6.8 Other 7.5 None 4.2 Don't know 2.7 Note: This was an open question, the options were not read Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 16 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.3: Satisfaction with government response to the coronavirus crisis (% of HH that know about actions of the government or declare that there is no action) % of HHs Yes, satisfied 64.4 No 35.6 Limited testing points 2.3 No food assistance from the government 77.3 No money from the government 64.4 Reason for non- satisfaction Late response by the government 6.4 No electricity 4.6 Shortage of medical materials 5.0 Other 26.0 Note: This was an open question, the options were not read Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 17 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.4: COVID-19 outbreak - awareness & government action Overall (% of % of respondents by GHS Consumption Quintile % of respondents by sector respondents) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Urban Rural Respondents - have heard of cornavirus 99.9 99.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.8 Respondents - aware of government action 97.3 98.4 97.1 98.3 96.4 97.2 97.0 97.5 Respondents - satisfied with government action 64.4 72.1 74.9 67.2 65.1 55.1 56.6 68.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 18 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.5. Prevalence of safe practices, since mid-March % of respondents More frequent handwashing with soap 95.8 Avoid handshakes/physical greetings 92.8 Avoid groups of more than 10 people 93.5 Stock up more food than normal, due to restricted movement 46.9 Prevalence of safe practices, since mid-March (% of respondents) Stock up more food than normal, due to restricted movement Avoid groups of more than 10 people Avoid handshakes/physical greetings More frequent handwashing with soap 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 19 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.6. COVID-19 precautions - knowledge & behavior (% of respondents) Knowledge Behavior change (% of (% of those that know respondents about measures) Frequent handwashing* 97.4 96.6 Avoid handshakes/physical greetings 81.0 96.2 Avoid crowds* 89.9 94.7 * wording in knowledge and behavior sections differ slightly, but refer to similar behaviors Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 20 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.7. Degree of worry about self/inmediate family becoming seriously ill from Coronavirus Overall (% of % of respondents by GHS Consumption Quintile respondents) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Very worried 66.8 82.4 84.5 70.5 63.2 54.2 Somewhat worried 11.2 12.4 6.3 8.7 11.2 14.4 Not too worried 7.2 1.8 4.0 6.2 7.7 10.6 Not worried at all 14.8 3.3 5.3 14.7 17.9 20.8 Degree of worry about self/inmediate family becoming seriously ill from Coronavirus 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Overall (% of % of respondents by GHS Consumption Quintile respondents) Very worried Somewhat worried Not too worried Not worried at all Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 21 SECTION 2: KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR AND CONCERNS Table 2.8. Degree of perception of threat to household's finance caused by coronavirus % of % of respondents by GHS-Panel Consumption Quintile respondents Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 A substantial threat 80.6 86.1 87.4 79.4 77.3 78.7 A moderate threat 11.8 7.7 8.1 12.8 13.7 13.0 Not much of a threat 3.5 3.6 2.2 4.9 2.4 3.9 Not a threat at all 4.1 2.6 2.3 2.9 6.5 4.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 22 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.1. Accumulated basic needs Each HH was asked about need & accessability of 7 necessities over the last 7 days All HHs # (out of 7) necessities needed, average/HH 4.41 # (out of needed) HH was able to buy, average/HH 3.12 # (out of needed) HH NOT able to buy, average/HH 1.29 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 23 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.2. Access to basic needs, past 7 days Could not buy (% HH that needed to buy) Needed to buy (% GHS Consumption Quintile of HHs) Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Medicine 46.2 12.7 21.6 16.8 13.9 10.6 7.7 Soap 77.6 10.8 23.0 10.1 10.1 9.3 7.6 Cleaning supplies 58.5 18.5 24.5 23.0 20.8 15.6 15.0 Rice 61.5 40.9 57.8 51.3 44.6 37.7 29.1 Beans 59.7 35.4 55.3 38.4 32.3 34.2 27.7 Cassava 48.2 33.8 49.3 44.9 35.1 33.4 23.4 Yams 49.4 59.0 83.2 61.2 59.3 61.8 47.5 Sorghum 39.4 30.9 28.7 27.8 18.7 41.2 36.1 Access to Basic Needs, Past 7 Days 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Medicine Soap Cleaning supplies Rice Beans Cassava Yams Sorghum Needed but could not buy Needed & bought No need Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 24 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.3. Reasons basic needs were not available (% of HHs that could not buy) Frequency of reasons given across all Cleaning Medicine Soap Rice Beans Cassava Yams Sorghum times supplies Out of stock 5.2 3.8 3.5 3.5 1.0 4.3 9.2 1.9 Local market closed/ not operating 9.7 16.3 13.1 9.7 9.2 11.8 8.3 9.5 Limited/no transportation 3.6 3.1 3.6 1.7 3.1 0.6 3.3 1.6 Restriction to go outside 15.2 13.6 12.1 6.2 8.1 11.0 7.3 6.7 Price too high 0.4 6.8 2.9 17.0 5.7 7.3 17.5 3.6 No money to buy 80.7 77.6 79.3 88.7 89.8 83.5 84.1 85.1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 25 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.4. Food Security Problems % of HHs Due to lack of money or other resources: Baseline (April/May 2020) Adult(s) in HH skipped meal 74.7 Q1 77.2 Q2 73.6 Consumption Quintile Q3 75.9 Q4 76.2 Q5 72.5 HH ran out of food 58.3 Q1 60.3 Q2 60.8 Consumption Quintile Q3 57.5 Q4 57.4 Q5 57.6 Adult(s) in HH did not eat for a whole day 25.4 Q1 34.6 Q2 32.4 Consumption Quintile Q3 34.2 Q4 23.2 Q5 16.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 26 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.5. Medical treatment since mid-March 2020 % of HHs that needed % of HH medical treatment Someone in HH needed medical treatment 34.3 100.0 Able to access medical treatment 25.5 74.4 Not able to access medical treatment 8.8 25.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 27 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.6. Reasons unable to access medical treatment (% of HHs where one of the members needed medical treatment) Frequency of reasons given across all times Percentage Lack of money 55.4 No medical personnel available 3.6 Turned away because facility was full 1.3 Due to movement restrictions 23.8 Other 15.9 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 28 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.7. Coronavirus restrictions - effects on education* Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Percent HHs, by sector National level % all HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Urban Rural HHs with children ages 5 - 20 80.2 97.9 96.2 92.0 83.3 58.6 73.8 83.1 HHs with children attending school, pre-closures 92.8 90.9 97.8 94.7 92.6 88.8 88.9 94.3 Any students, in the past 7 days: Engaged in any learning/education activities 61.8 56.2 55.8 58.6 61.0 73.6 70.7 58.4 Have contact with teachers 19.1 15.3 16.1 21.8 16.4 24.2 21.9 18.1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 29 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.8. Types of learning activities, past 7 days % of HHs that engaged in % of all HHs with learning activities children 5-20 Completed assignments provided by the teacher 17.1 9.8 Used mobile learning apps 6.2 3.6 Watched educational TV programs 15.5 8.9 Listened to educational radio progams 20.5 11.7 Studied/read on their own 67.4 38.6 Taught by parent or other HH member 56.1 32.1 Session/meeting with Lesson Teacher (tutor) 15.9 9.1 Other activities 3.1 1.8 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 30 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.9. Means of contact with teachers % of HHs that have contact % of all HHs with with teachers children 5-20 SMS 15.3 2.9 Online apps 2.7 0.5 Email 0.6 0.1 Telephone/audio 59.8 11.4 Whatsapp message 7.9 1.5 Facebook message 3.9 0.7 HH visit by teacher 38.4 7.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 31 SECTION 3: ACCESS Table 3.10. Access to financial institutions (ATM, bank, money agents) % of HHs that needed a Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles % all HHs financial institution Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Someone in HH needed a financial institution 39.9 100.0 26.2 29.5 29.5 34.9 58.4 Able to access 33.8 84.6 15.4 25.4 24.5 31.1 50.7 Not able to access 6.2 15.4 10.8 4.1 5.0 3.8 7.7 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 32 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.1 WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) % of Percent of respondents, by (GHS) consumption quintiles respondents Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Status of work Respondent working 42.6 36.5 46.2 39.5 45.3 42.9 Respondent stopped working (worked pre-March) 42.2 53.3 40.3 45.1 35.5 42.2 Respondent not working & no work pre-March 15.2 10.1 13.5 15.5 19.2 14.9 Changes in working condition in wage work Respondent working less* (% of working wage work) 3.4 3.5 4.8 4.6 2.6 2.7 Other adults working less* (% of HHs) 20.9 18.6 20.9 23.2 18.9 21.9 Average number of HH members working less* 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 * NOT ABLE to work as usual in their WAGE JOB (at place of work or from home) last 7 days. Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 33 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.2. Work stoppages, by industry of main job Related to coronavirus & counter measures Percentage of respondents that stopped working Potentially related Potentially unrelated Agriculture 24.8 76.1 23.9 Mining 1.3 100.0 0.0 Utilities 0.8 100.0 0.0 Construction 6.3 91.0 9.0 Buying & Selling 29.4 97.3 2.7 Transport 7.2 84.5 15.5 Professional Activities 3.3 95.4 4.6 Public Administration 7.3 90.0 10.0 Personal Services 19.5 94.0 6.0 Potentially related – Business / office closed due to coronavirus legal restrictions; Ill / quarantined; Need to care for ill relative; Not able to go to farm due to movement restrictions; laid off while business continues; Furlough; Not able to farm due to lack of inputs; Potentially unrelated – Business / office closed for another reason; Vacation; Seasonal worker; Retired; Not farming season; Other Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 34 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.3. Work stoppages, main reason Percentage of Percentage of respondents respondents that Level that stopped to stopped to work work Business/office closed - coronavirus legal restrictions 85.8 Relation to coronavirus outbreak & Ill/quarantined 0.5 Need to care for ill relative 0.0 related counter measures Potentially Not able to go to farm - movement restrictions 2.2 89.55 related Laid off while business continues 0.4 Furlough (temporarily laid off) 0.2 Not able to farm due to lack of inputs 0.4 Business/office closed for another reason 2.2 Not farming season 3.6 Seasonal worker/or farming season 1.1 Potentially 7.26 Retired 0.3 unrelated Vacation 0.1 Other 3.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 35 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.4. Type of work of those respondents working Percentage of respondents working Own business 31.6 Business of HH or family member 8.4 Family farming (or livestock or fishing) 42.0 Employee in private company 11.7 Employee in government 4.8 Paid apprentice/trainee/intern 1.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 36 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.5. Type of work of those respondents working (main activity) GHS Wave 4, Post-Harvest Phone Survey (baseline) Percentage of respondents Percentage of respondents in Phone Survey that are working working Family Business 45.4 40.0 Family farming (or livestock or fishing) 34.1 42.0 Employee in private company 9.4 11.7 Employee in government 10.3 4.8 Paid apprentice/trainee/intern 0.8 1.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 37 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.6. Main industry of those respondents working % of respondents working Agriculture 48.0 Mining 0.6 Utilities 1.1 Construction 5.9 Buying & Selling 18.3 Transport 6.6 Professional Activities 1.4 Public Administration 2.3 Personal Services 15.8 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 38 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.7. WAGE WORKERS, respondents only - underemployment indicators For respondents that did not work as usual last week Percentage of respondents Level of pay: Main reason that worked LESS Full Pay Partial No Pay Potentially related 97.0 46.3 16.5 37.2 Potentially unrelated 3.0 89.1 0.0 10.9 Note: there are 3.43% of the respondents that are working less Potentially related – Business / office closed due to coronavirus legal restrictions; Ill / quarantined; Need to care for ill relative; Not able to go to farm due to movement restrictions; laid off while business continues; Furlough; Not able to farm due to lack of inputs; Potentially unrelated – Business / office closed for another reason; Vacation; Seasonal worker; Retired; Not farming season; other Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 39 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.8. Family businesses and farms Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Percentage of Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 all HHs HHs with a family business in 2020 56.2 52.3 58.8 54.5 49.2 53.4 HHs with family farming in 2020 73.3 73.3 78.4 64.7 60.1 67.9 HHs with both business and farm in 2020 42.2 36.3 43.6 37.3 31.7 37.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 40 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.9. Family business - Revenues by enterprise % of HHs Current sales revenue (late March/ April), compared with family to February 2020* business None Less Same Higher Agriculture 1.4 23.9 44.5 26.3 5.4 Mining 1.0 0.6 80.2 0.0 19.2 Utilities 1.5 23.9 64.9 0.0 11.2 Construction 3.4 15.1 64.0 7.0 13.9 Buying & Selling 63.7 21.0 58.7 7.5 12.7 Transport 7.0 48.9 44.3 4.4 2.3 Professional Activities 2.2 32.8 45.0 20.0 2.2 Personal Services 19.8 23.8 58.8 10.6 % of HHs with a family business 23.4 57.8 8.3 10.5 % of all HHs 12.5 30.8 4.4 5.6 * First confirmed coronavirus cases & counter measures in ealry/ mid March 2020. Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 41 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.10. None/Less revenues in family business Percentage of Percentage of HHs with a HHs with a Level family family business business Usual place of business closed - coronavirus legal restrictions 66.0 Relation to coronavirus outbreak & related Ill/quarantined due to coronavirus 0.0 Need to take care of a family member 1.0 Potentially 91.19 No customers/ less customers 19.9 related counter measures Cant' get input 1.3 Can't travel/ transport goods for sale 3.0 Usual place of business closed for another reason 2.0 Ill with another disease 0.1 Potentially Seasonal Closure 0.5 8.81 unrelated Vacation 0.1 Other 6.1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 42 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.11. Family farms - prevalence Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Total Includes crops, livestock, & fishing Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 % of HHs HHs farming in 2019 80.0 87.7 81.4 62.9 49.1 65.6 HHs farming since the beginning of 2020 73.3 73.3 78.4 64.7 60.1 67.9 Share of HHs farming with activities no disrupted since mid-March 2020 69.5 70.2 68.9 72.7 70.8 70.6 Share of HHs farming with activities disrupted since mid-March 2020 30.5 29.8 31.1 27.3 29.2 29.4 In the case of GHS Wave 4, the question used was ag1a "Did members of this HH cultivate any crops?" during harvest season. The sample was restricted to only the HHs that participated on Phone Surveys Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 43 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.12. Main reasons of not being able to perform normal farm activities ( Includes crops, livestock, & fishing) Main reason: % Advised to stay at home 54.8 Reduced availability of hired labor 4.9 Restrictions on movement/ travel 38.7 Unable to acquire/ transport inputs 2.2 Unable to sell/ transport outputs 1.4 Ill or need to care for ill family member 3.2 Other 20.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 44 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.13. HH Income sources in the last 12 months Change since mid-March Source of livelihood % of HHs More Same Less Household farming, livestock or fishing 78.5 9.3 18.2 72.6 Non-farm family business 63.0 6.1 9.4 84.6 Wage employment of household members 29.8 4.7 37.4 57.9 Remittances from abroad 3.4 2.5 37.5 60.0 Remittances from family within the country 21.8 5.7 22.6 71.7 Assistance from other non-family individuals 21.6 6.8 15.2 78.0 Income from properties, investments, savings 14.4 9.4 25.1 65.5 Pension 4.1 1.6 83.3 15.1 Assistance from the Government 3.3 8.7 34.6 56.7 Assistance from NGOs / charitable orgs 2.8 10.9 21.8 67.3 Other 0.6 12.0 6.9 81.1 Overall income 6.0 15.7 78.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Household farming, livestock or fishing Non-farm family business Wage employment of household members Remittances from abroad Remittances from family within the country Assistance from other non-family individuals Income from properties, investments, savings Pension Assistance from the Government Assistance from NGOs / charitable orgs Other Change since mid-March Less Change since mid-March Same Change since mid-March More Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 45 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.14. Percentage of HHs with Non-Farm Businesses (only HHs interviewed in COVID-19 phone survey) Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Total Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 % HHs with Non-Farm Businesses in 2019 55.7 57.1 70.3 67.5 59.9 62.7 HHs with Non-Farm Business since the beginning of 2020* 54.3 50.8 58.6 53.7 48.8 52.6 *Family business in sectors that are not agriculture, hunting, or fishing In the case of HHs with Non-Farm Businesses in 2019 the sample has been restricted to show only NFE that reported they were operating Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 46 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Table 4.15 Labor Force by main activity sector Percentage of respondents in the labor force Stopped working by a (actually working, or stopped working by a reason Working reason potentially potentially related to coronavirus) related to coronavirus Agriculture 35.3 25.4 9.9 Mining 1.0 0.3 0.7 Utilities 1.0 0.6 0.4 Construction 6.1 3.1 3.0 Buying & Selling 24.7 9.7 15.0 Transport 6.7 3.5 3.2 Professional Activities 2.4 0.7 1.7 Public Administration 4.7 1.2 3.4 Personal Services 18.0 8.4 9.6 Potentially related – Business / office closed due to coronavirus legal restrictions; Ill / quarantined; Need to care for ill relative; Not able to go to farm due to movement restrictions; laid off while business continues; Furlough; Not able to farm due to lack of inputs; Potentially unrelated – Business / office closed for another reason; Vacation; Seasonal worker; Retired; Not farming season; Other Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 47 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Figure 4.1 Working Situation of Respondents % of Percent of respondents, by (GHS) consumption quintiles respondents All Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Not working before outbreak 15.2 10.1 13.5 15.5 19.2 14.9 Working 42.6 36.5 46.2 39.5 45.3 42.9 Stopped working (for a reason potentially related to COVID-19) 37.8 44.7 31.7 41.7 32.8 39.3 Stopped working (for a reason potentially unrelated to COVID-19) 4.4 8.7 8.6 3.3 2.6 2.9 Working Situation of Respondents (% of respondents and by consumption quintiles) 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 All Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Not working before outbreak Working Stopped working (for a reason potentially unrelated to COVID-19) Stopped working (for a reason potentially related to COVID-19) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 48 SECTION 4: EMPLOYMENT Figure 4.2: Impact of COVID-19 in working status by sector Stopped working (for a Stopped working (for a Working reason potentially related reason potentially to COVID-19) unrelated to COVID-19) Agriculture 24.1 9.4 3.0 Mining 0.3 0.7 0.0 Utilities 0.5 0.4 0.0 Construction 3.0 2.9 0.3 Buying & Selling 9.2 14.3 0.4 Transport 3.3 3.0 0.6 Professional Activities 0.7 1.6 0.1 Public Administration 1.2 3.3 0.4 Personal Services 7.9 9.1 0.6 Impact of COVID-19 in working status by sector Stopped working (for a Stopped working (for a (Percentage of respondents that are working, or stopped working caused by COVID-19) Working reason potentially related reason potentially 40 to COVID-19) unrelated to COVID-19) Agriculture 24 9 3 35 Mining & Utilities 1 1 0 9 30 Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 7 7 1 Commerce 25 9 14 0 Public Administration 1 3 0 20 Services 8 9 1 14 15 24 9 7 10 5 9 8 1 7 3 0 Agriculture Mining & Utilities Construction, Transport Commerce Public Administration Services & Professional Act. Working Stopped working (for a reason potentially unrelated to COVID-19) Stopped working (for a reason potentially related to COVID-19) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 49 SECTION 5: SAFETY NETS AND COPING Table 5.1 SAFETY NETS since mid-March 2020, by quintiles Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Types of assistance, any institution % of HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Food 12.3 4.5 9.3 9.9 15.6 15.3 Direct cash transfers 2.2 * * * * * Average amount of cash transfer (in Naira) 13,591 * * * * * Other in-kind (not food) transfers 0.8 * * * * * * Too few observations Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 50 SECTION 5: SAFETY NETS AND COPING Table 5.2 Source of Food Assistance since mid-March 2020 % of HH that received food Main source of food assistance assistance Federal government 4.7 State government 34.5 Local government 11.1 Community organization/ cooperative 6.7 NGO 3.8 Religious bodies 26.0 Other 13.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 51 SECTION 5: SAFETY NETS AND COPING Table 5.3. Number of shocks per HH, since mid-March Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Since mid-March, HH experienced: % of all HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 No shocks 6.6 18.5 5.3 4.7 5.1 5.0 1 shock 25.4 19.9 21.1 24.4 29.2 27.0 2 - 3 shocks 40.1 36.8 38.7 36.9 41.4 42.6 4 - 5 shocks 19.9 14.8 22.0 24.3 16.1 21.0 6 - 9 shocks 8.1 9.9 13.0 9.7 8.2 4.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 52 SECTION 5: SAFETY NETS AND COPING Table 5.4. Types of shocks, since mid-March % of HHs Experienced Since mid-March 2020, by % of HHs Experienced (GHS) consumption quintiles HHs were asked about the following shocks: Between Since mid- Jan 2017 & Jan Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 March 2020 2019* Illness, injury, or death of income earning HH member 9.3 13.3 12.8 17.3 19.1 12.7 9.1 Job loss 2.1 15.9 19.7 20.2 16.7 16.9 11.5 Nonfarm business closure 3.9 36.4 35.2 36.9 38.1 38.2 34.5 Theft/looting of cash and other property 6.6 11.7 11.2 17.6 16.8 8.6 8.8 Disruption of farming, livestock, fishing activities 14.4 29.4 28.1 36.5 36.5 25.0 26.1 Increase in price of farming/business inputs 6.8 45.7 46.5 54.3 53.1 41.1 40.9 Fall in the price of farming/business output 2.3 21.5 15.3 24.8 23.0 19.8 22.5 Increase in price of major food items consumed 18.5 85.3 75.3 83.2 84.3 87.9 88.4 Other (specify) - 2.7 0.8 1.8 2.6 1.3 4.8 *From post-harvest visit of the GHS-Panel survey, n=4,976 households. Experience of Shocks (% of all households) 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Illness/injury/death Job loss Nonfarm business Theft of Disruption of Increase in price of Fall in the price of Increase in price of of HH member closure cash/property agricultural activities farming/business farming/business major food items inputs output Between Jan 2017 & Jan 2019 (GHS) Since mid-March 2020 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 53 SECTION 5: SAFETY NETS AND COPING Table 5.5. Coping mechanisms for shocks, since mid-March % of HHs with % of all HHs shock Sale of (agriculture/non-agric) assets 4.6 4.9 Engaged in additional income-generating activity 10.7 11.4 Received assistance from friends & family 14.9 16.0 Borrowed from friends & family 12.7 13.6 Took a loan from a finaincial institution 0.9 0.9 Credited purchases 6.7 7.2 Delayed payment obligations 1.9 2.0 Sold harvest in advance 7.2 7.8 Reduced food consumption 50.8 54.3 reduced non-food consumption 21.4 22.9 Relied on savings 29.1 31.1 Received assistance from NGOs 0.9 0.9 Took advanced payment from employer 0.4 0.5 Received assistance from government 0.6 0.7 Was covered by insurance policy 0.0 0.0 Did other 32.9 35.2 Did nothing 25.1 26.9 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Baseline - April/May 2020 54