66859 S p r e a d – I m pa c t – t r e n d S World Livestock Disease Atlas Spread – Impact – Trends A quantitative analysis of global animal health data World lIveStock 2006 – 2009 dISeaSe atlaS a Quantitative analysis of Global animal Health data (2006-2009) november 2011 © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and The TAFS forum 1818 H Street, NW Bremgartenstrasse 109a Washington, DC 20433 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland Telephone 202-473-1000 +41-31-6312928 Internet www.worldbank.org/ard www.tafsforum.org E-mail ard@worldbank.org info@tafsforum.org All rights reserved. This publication is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and The TAFS forum. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. 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All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photos: Curt Carnemark, Trinh Quang Vinh, and Simone D. McCourtie S p r e a d – I m pa c t – t r e n d S World lIveStock dISeaSe atlaS a Quantitative analysis of Global animal Health data AbbreviAtions Av. avian BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathie CAGR compound annual growth rate FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FMD foot-and-mouth disease HPAI highly pathogenic avian influenza Inf. infectious LPAI low-pathogenic avian influenza LSU livestock unit (please see page 6 for detailed explanation) OIE World Organisation for Animal Health p.a. per year (per annum) PRRS porcine reproductive/respiratory syndrome SVD swine vesicular disease Table of Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Methodology and Data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 General Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Disease-by-Disease Analyses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Reading Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Zoonotic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Non-Zoonotic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 W O R lD l I V E S T O C k D I S E ASE AT l AS 1 Foreword It is projected that by 2050 global consumption of live- at a serious disadvantage. This has been a major problem stock products will reach 452 million tons of meat and in particular for those advocating more systematic inter- 880 million tons of milk. More than half of this amount will action between human public health, and the health of be consumed in the developing world, where population ecosystems in an agenda that has come to be known as growth, urbanization and particularly rising incomes are “One Health.� The World Bank and the International Fo- stimulating increasing per capita consumption. Early in rum for Transmissible Animal Diseases and Food Safety the 2000s, aggregate production of livestock in develop- (TAFS), in partnership with the World Organisation for ing countries overtook that of developed ones. Currently Animal Health (OIE) and the UN Food and Agriculture Or- there are over 17 billion farm animals in diverse farming ganization (FAO) produced this atlas to illustrate the best systems around the world, and this number is growing, available data on livestock diseases around the world. and will continue to grow, mainly in the developing world It is the hope of these partner agencies that the atlas to keep pace with rapidly expanding demand for animal will be useful to those who advocate a stronger commit- source foods. ment to animal disease prevention and control in making Photo: Curt Carnemark, The World Bank. their case for increased investment – particularly invest- This rapid growth of the livestock sector, which will ment in the capacity of responsible agencies in poorer persist well into the foreseeable future, presents both non-zoonotic), which are seldom noticed in developed countries, in which the next infectious zoonotic disease opportunities and challenges. It already accounts for countries, but which inflict enormous losses on small with pandemic potential is most likely to emerge. While approximately 40 percent of agricultural GDP and farms in developing ones. H5N1 (avian influenza) and the recent outbreaks of avian influenza have been dealt contributes substantially to economic growth. It also more recently H1N1, both near misses, are recent with effectively, it is necessary to remind ourselves that plays a crucial role in meeting global food and nutritional examples of the threat that potential pandemics pose. we may not be as lucky in the future as we have been security, and provides pathways out of poverty for the Domestic livestock are not the only source of the disease in the recent past. more than one billion people whose livelihoods depend threat. Wild animals are as well. Disease prevention directly or indirectly on livestock. The sector’s ongoing and control must therefore consider the animal-human- development is however confronted with serious risk – ecosystems interplay. the ever-increasing societal and economic threat from diseases. Zoonotic diseases, particularly those with Yet not enough is known about the true extent of dis- pandemic potential, could disrupt the global economy ease outbreaks in spatial and temporal terms around the Juergen Voegele and kill millions around the world if more effective efforts world. The overall lack of available data on livestock dis- Director are not undertaken to prevent and control them. There eases puts those who argue for more investment on the Agriculture and Rural Development Department are also the so called endemic diseases (zoonotic and part of national governments and international agencies The World Bank 2 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Acknowledgements The World Livestock Disease Atlas was conceptualized The Atlas is based on animal health data which the by Ulrich Sperling, Director of Safe Food Solutions World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) collected and (SAFOSO) and Jimmy W. Smith, Livestock Advisor validated from its 167 member countries and economies at the World Bank. It was written by Ulrich Sperling between 2006 and 2009, and on livestock population size with financial support by the Agriculture and Rural data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in its FAOSTAT portal. In Development Department of the World Bank and addition, OIE and FAO are acknowledged for their vital the TAFS forum. The TAFS forum is an independent, contributions to the FAO - OIE - World Bank partnership. non-profit foundation dedicated to studying, reporting and making recommendations on controversial and The producers would also like to acknowledge the emerging issues relating to the safety of food derived editorial and production inputs of Kaisa Antikainen and from animals. Gunnar Larson of the World Bank. Photo: Tomas Sennett, The World Bank. W O R lD l I V E S T O C k D I S E ASE AT l AS 3 Introduction Which livestock diseases cause the heaviest losses glob- the questions of sequenc- for Controlling Zoonotic ally? Which countries and economies* suffer the worst ing and prioritizing - espe- Diseases. World Bank. disease-related losses among their livestock populations? cially where action is first Report No. 50833-GLB. Which livestock species are most affected by diseases? needed to limit the dam- 2010. Page 18.) The Having the answers to these questions available as refer- age of livestock diseases causes of underreport- ence to inform policy making, investment planning, and and to prevent their fur- ing vary from country to decision making about disease control strategies is vitally ther spread. country, sometimes even important. Yet while there is no shortage of opinions and from disease to disease. Although not all countries beliefs, hard facts are difficult to find. Most studies on So too does the degree are members of the OIE, the spread of livestock diseases and the losses caused of underreporting. There 99.8 percent of global live- by them are strictly limited in scope. Most examine a stock lived in OIE-member is no way to estimate a small, discrete number of diseases or species and do so countries as of 2009. The global average rate of un- at a single given point in time. Some examine just one. coverage of the database Photo: Curt Carnemark, The World Bank. derreporting. OIE collects The prevailing lack of aggregated data across all theses is therefore very wide, data originating from na- dimensions makes comparisons impossible to render. although not entirely complete. The issue of coverage is tional veterinary authorities which are then twice verified less problematic than that of timeliness. OIE usually before dissemination. This makes OIE animal health data There is however a rich source of available data that basi- publishes annual reports on global animal health during the best reference currently available. cally covers the entire planet. It covers all relevant live- the fourth quarter of the year, while the constantly up- stock species, wildlife, a huge number of diseases and Closing this circle of thought, this publication is not only dated information is available via WAHID: www.oie.int/ is updated on a six-monthly basis. This source is the meant to analyze and display whatever information is wahid. This information covers both the monitoring data World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) through its (provided by OIE member countries and economies on a available on global livestock health, but also to contribute OIE World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS). six-monthly basis) and by the rapid alert system (provided to an improvement of the data basis, over time, by show- This data is available online through the OIE World Animal within 24 hours). ing that data can be used for meaningful purposes, such Health Information Database (WAHID): http://www.oie. as efficient disease control on a global level. By maximiz- int/wahid. Once a year, this data is summarized in a paper Despite the obligation to comprehensively report on ing the value of data as global public goods, the authors publication “World Animal Health.� The aggregation and OIE-listed diseases, OIE member countries sometimes hope to encourage all stakeholders to collect and share analysis of those data enables us to give an insight in the provide partial information. The causes of underreporting the best and most comprehensive information possible. questions asked above, and many others. The data pre- generally relate to an inability to report because the nec- sented in this publication will hopefully provide the factual essary surveillance systems are not in place, or simply This analysis has been co-funded by the World Bank and basis for a discussion that can only increase in relevance an unwillingness to report. (See: People, Pathogens and the TAFS Forum (www.tafsforum.org) and undertaken and urgency. Most generally, they should help to answer Our Planet, Volume 1. Towards a One Health Approach by Ulrich Sperling. * The analysis in this publication covers all countries and economies that were included in OIE Animal Health Yearbooks between 2006 and 2009, and for which FAOSTAT included data on livestock populations. For a list of these countries and economies, please see page 5. Whenever this publication refers to “coun- tries,� it refers to this list of both countries and economies. 4 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Methodology and Data Sources Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argen- Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, DisclAiMer tina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uz- OIE is not responsible for any inaccuracies or misinter- Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, bekistan, Vanuatu, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Viet pretation of the analyzed OIE data and information. Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bra- Nam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. zil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, These countries and economies account for 99% of the Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, global livestock population (as defined below under “ag- Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Re- I. SouRCeS oF DATA gregation�; data for 2008). public of Congo, Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Côte All analyses presented in this publication are based on d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den- III. DISeASeS CoveReD two sources of data: mark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, All diseases of terrestrial vertebrate livestock reportable 1. For information on livestock diseases and the losses Fiji, Finland, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedo- to OIE, with very few exceptions of extremely rare they caused: nia, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, diseases: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), Paris, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Greenland, France, the following publications: Zoonoses (30): Anthrax, avian chlamydiosis, bovine Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guy- babesiosis, bovine genital campylobacteriosis, bovine World Animal Health 2006 ana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indone- spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), bovine tuberculo- World Animal Health 2007 sia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, sis, Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, World Animal Health 2008 Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Democratic Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever, echinococcosis, World Animal Health 2009 People’s Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, equine piroplasmosis, fowl cholera, Glanders, highly Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Latvia, pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), Japanese encepha- 2. For information on sizes and composition of national Lebanon, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechten- litis, leptospirosis, new world screwworm, Newcastle livestock populations: stein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, disease, Nipah, porcine cysticercosis, Q fever, rabies, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritania, Rift Valley fever, trichinellosis, trypanosomosis, tulare- Nations, Rome, Italy Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, mia, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, vesicular stomati- Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Neth- FAOSTAT (faostat.fao.org); accessed March 30–April tis and West Nile fever. erlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, 13, 2010, for 2006–2008 data, and May 17, 2011, for Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New non-zoonotic diseases (41): African horse sickness, 2009 data. Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, African swine fever, Aujeszky’s disease, avian infectious Qatar, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, bronchitis, avian infectious laryngotracheitis, avian II. CounTRIeS AnD eConoMIeS CoveReD Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, mycoplasmosis (M. synoviae), Bluetongue, bovine Our analysis covered all countries and economies that Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Su- anaplasmosis, bovine viral diarrhea, camelpox, caprine were included in OIE Animal Health Yearbooks between dan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian arthritis, contagious agalactica, contagious bovine 2006 and 2009, and for which FAOSTAT included data on Arab Republic, Tajikistan, United Republic of Tanzania, pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, livestock populations: Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, classical swine fever, duck virus hepatitis, enzootic W O R lD l I V E S T O C k D I S E ASE AT l AS 5 abortion, enzootic bovine leukosis, equine infectious 3. Losses of livestock due to different reasons were 4. For some analyses, countries were grouped either by anaemia, foot-and-mouth disease, fowl typhoid, aggregated as follows: continent or by income category according to World heartwater, hemorrhagic septicaemia, infectious bovine Bank-approved categories. http://data.worldbank.org/ rhinotracheitis, infectious bursal disease, Leishmaniosis, 1 LSU “dead� = 0.8 LSU lost about/country-classifications/country-and-lending- low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), lumpy skin 1 LSU “destroyed� = 1.0 LSU lost groups. disease, Maedi Visna disease, Marek’s disease, 1 LSU “slaughtered� = 0.4 LSU lost. 5. Averages over four years: mycoplasmosis (M. gallisepticum), ovine epididymitis, These factors are meant to account for the fact that the To increase the representativeness of data, averages paratuberculosis, peste des petits ruminants, porcine economic value of an animal is not always completely were calculated over four consecutive years, 2006– reproductive/respiratory syndrome, pullorum disease, lost if the animal dies, is culled or is slaughtered. All 2009. For some countries the animal health reports scrapie, sheep-and-goat pox, swine vesicular disease, future gains in value (e.g., from eggs, milk or weight for one or more years during this period are missing. Theileriosis, transmissible gastroenteritis. gain) are lost, of course, but in some cases the In such cases the average was not calculated insert- carcass can—at least in part—be used for human ing zeros for the missing year (which would have dis- Iv. DATA AggRegATIon consumption. Details vary by species, diseases and torted the result massively), but from the years for Data aggregation is crucial for understanding the rank- common practices in different countries. The values which data were available. On average, there were ing of diseases. Raw data on animal losses were aggre- used here are a rough estimation of global averages. 3.36 annual reports to be aggregated per country into gated as follows: (See Table 1.) the four-year average. 1. Losses of animals of different species were calculated as Livestock Unit (LSU) losses, using the following DeFinition oF livestock Unit (lsU) definition: 1 camel or “other camelid� = 1.1 LSU 1 cattle = 0.9 LSU 1 buffalo = 0.9 LSU 1 horse or mule (equidae) = 0.8 LSU 1 pig = 0.25 LSU 1 sheep = 0.1 LSU 1 goat = 0.1 LSU 1 poultry bird = 0.015 LSU (chicken, duck, guinea fowl or goose). 2. “Sheep,� “goat� and “sheep and goat� (OIE categories) 1.1 LSU were added up to “sheep and goat� (category used 0.9 LSU 0.8 LSU here). 0.25 0.1 LSU LSU 0.015 LSU 6 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Table 1: Sensitivity Analysis of Weighing Factors vII. DATA unIveRSe Weighting Factors Death Destruction Slaughter Total The resulting data universe is a 5-dimensional matrix containing 2,699,136 data points. In summary, it is com- 295,540 278,422 188,251 762,212 80/100/40 posed as follows: 39% 37% 25% 100% 369,425 278,422 470,627 1,118,473 100/100/100 4 years (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) 33% 25% 42% 100% x 176 countries 251,704 189,851 320,657 762,212 68/68/68 x 71 diseases (30 zoonoses, 41 non-zoonoses) 33% 25% 42% 100% The top row of the table gives the number of average annual LSU losses and their relative contributions to total losses by cause of death for the weight- x (8 species groups: cattle, sheep and goat, ing factors used throughout this publication (80/100/40).The second row shows how results change if all livestock losses were weighted equally and swine, equidae (horses and mules), complete loss of value was assumed (100/100/100) regardless of the causes of death. The third row indicates how weighting factors would need to be set equally (68/68/68) such that the absolute number of total losses would not change camelidae (camels and other “camelids� compared to the weighting factors used (767,212). i.e., llamas and alpacas), buffalo, poultry (chicken, ducks, turkeys, geese and guinea v. CAlCulATIon oF RelATIve lSu loSSeS with the geographical coordinates of the center point of fowl), wild animals The relative LSU losses per country were calculated by the respective country and the total was then divided by x5 disease information points per species: dividing the LSU losses by the total livestock popula- the total number of LSU losses in all countries. susceptible, cases, deaths, destroyed, tions (same group of species as taken into account for slaughtered The net movement of the geographical balance point of the LSU losses) of the respective country. +1 number of outbreaks (for all species) a disease (or rather of LSU losses due to this disease) over time, i.e., from the average of 2006–2008 to 2009, +13) species for livestock population data: cattle, vI. CAlCulATIon oF geogRAPhICAl DATA was calculated as the distance on the earth’s surface, buffalo, horses, mules, camels, other cam- AnD DISeASe MobIlITy measured in kilometers, between the old and the new elids, swine, sheep, goat, chicken, turkey, To calculate a geographical “balance point�of LSU losses balance point coordinates. The spherical law of cosines geese, guinea fowl per disease, the LSU losses in each country were multiplied was applied: 4 x 176 x 71 x (8 x 5 + 1 + 13) = 2,699,136 d = acos(sin(lat1)*sin(lat2)+cos(lat1)*cos(lat2)*cos(long2−long1))*R with R being the Earth’s radius (6731km). The bearing for the respective movement is calculated as the average of initial and final bearing: θInitial bearing = atan2(sin(Δlong)*cos(lat2), cos(lat1)*sin(lat2) − sin(lat1)*cos(lat2)*cos(Δlong)) θFinal bearing = mod(θInitial bearing(lat2lon2 to lat1lon1)+π); 2*π ). Because the net movement is 0 if a disease spreads symmetrically, the mobility of a disease was calculated as the gross movement, defined as the sum over all movements of a disease calculated for each country separately. W O R lD l I V E S T O C k D I S E ASE AT l AS 7 Results The authors have analyzed animal health data for the The high losses resulting from avian influenza (HPAI and years 2006 through 2009 as reported by the World LPAI) in the poultry sector reflect the global situation be- Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)—the four most tween 2006 and 2009. Analysis of future data will show recent “World Animal Health Yearbooks� available when if, and to what degree, the prominence of avian influenza the analysis was prepared. The data covers 176 countries constituted an unusual situation. The four-year time span and economies on 71 livestock diseases (30 zoonoses should at least have limited this window effect. and 41 non-zoonotic diseases) and 8 species or groups Of all the LSUs lost to the diseases analyzed, 48 percent of species (cattle, sheep and goat, swine, poultry, came from poultry, 33 percent from cattle, 9 percent equidae, buffalo, cervidae, and camels). Losses due from swine, 4 percent from sheep and goat and 1 per- to death, destruction or slaughter were distinguished. cent from buffalo. Overall, 0.03 percent (762,212 LSUs In total, the scope of the analysis comprises about 2.7 per year) of the global livestock population was lost to million data points. one of the 71 diseases, 50 percent to zoonotic diseases and 50 percent to non-zoonotic diseases. Livestock units (LSUs) were used to make losses across species comparable (see Methodology and Data Sourc- On average, over the four years analyzed, the Islamic Re- es on page 5). public of Iran, China, and Brazil lost the highest absolute numbers of LSUs, while Israel, Iran, and Namibia suffered The most widespread diseases in terms of the number the highest losses relative to their livestock populations. of countries affected are rabies, Newcastle disease and bovine tuberculosis. By number of outbreaks, the top Data need to be interpreted taking into account a three diseases are sheep-and-goat pox, bovine tuber- potential reporting bias resulting from countries‘ differ- culosis, and bluetongue. The three diseases that have ent levels of reporting transparency and competency. claimed the largest numbers of LSUs were highly patho- This report is not based on the “real� world animal genic avian influenza (HPAI), echinococcosis, and avian health situation, but on the best information available infectious bronchitis. to the authors. Photo: Curt Carnemark, The World Bank. 8 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S general Analyses chAnGes in lsU losses Death, destruction and slaughter are the three standard 2006-2009 loss oF lsUs by GroUp oF DiseAses epidemiological categories of losses which are also used for OIE reporting.1 Unsurprisingly, the zoonoses Zoonoses and non-zoonoses each contributed 50 and non-zoonoses show different distributions of losses percent to overall livestock losses. Considering that over the categories. Most losses (84 percent) to zoonot- 30 out of the 71 (42 percent) diseases considered ic diseases occur through destruction or slaughter, i.e., were zoonoses, they caused slightly more losses the animals are either culled preventively in the course per disease than non-zoonoses. A possible reason of disease control or the disease is only discovered after for this effect may be the stricter surveillance and control for zoonotic diseases. loss oF lsUs by type oF loss 2006-2009 2006-2009 Zoonoses non-Zoonoses Total loss: 762,212 lSus On average, 762,212 LSUs were lost to the 71 diseases annually between 2006 and 2009. Total losses varied 50% 50% Total loss: Total loss: between about 861,000 LSUs (2006) and 653,000 LSUs 382,886 lSus 379,327 lSus (2009) with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -8.8 All Diseases percent. Zoonoses and non-zoonoses showed diverging trends. Losses from zoonoses declined by -21.7 percent per year whereas losses from non-zoonoses increased 25% 39% by 6.2 percent per year. The fact that different countries ■ Zoonoses ■ Non-zoonoses failed to submit their reports in different years cannot 37% fully account for the observed change in total losses. If corrected for the respective percentage of LSUs living in countries that did submit their reports, total losses still Total loss: 762,212 lSus decreased by -8.2 percent per year (not shown). ■ Death ■ Destruction ■ Slaughter 1 The definitions according to OIE reporting guidelines are: Number of deaths: number of animals that died from the disease. Number of animals destroyed: number of animals that were culled and destroyed by incineration or burying. This number should not include the number of animals that died from the disease or were slaughtered. Number of animals slaughtered: number of animals that were slaughtered with no restrictions on the use of the slaughter products, such as for human consumption. W O R lD l I V E S T O C k D I S E ASE AT l AS 9 the slaughter of animals that were deemed healthy at In total, poultry accounts for almost half of all livestock The authors calculated the losses of LSUs by species this time. Of course, it lies in the nature not only of the losses, followed by cattle (38 percent), swine (9 per- as the percentage of their respective global population disease itself but also of its surveillance plan whether cent) and small ruminants (4 percent). sizes. Poultry is the livestock species group that ranked it is detected at the slaughterhouse or elsewhere. In highest and was in fact the only one with a higher-than- contrast, most losses to non-zoonotic diseases occur average loss rate (about four times higher). Relative loss oF lsUs by species Loss of LSUs by species through death, i.e., the animals actually died because of 2006-2009 losses in the global pig populations were as high as the the diseases. This is a typical scenario for slowly pro- average over all species (0.029 percent) and all remain- gressing, endemic diseases. Zoonoses Non-Zoonoses ing species groups had below-average loss rates. 1% 1% 1% 1% Note that the loss figures indicated (as well as throughout 6% 16% this publication) are weighted to reflect the different 26% relAtive loss oF lsUs by species* degree of economical loss for various types of losses. 2% Relative 2006-2009 loss of LSUs by species* 50% 42% See the Methodology and Data Sources on page 5 for All species 0.029% 54% details. Buffalo 0.003% Camels 0.006% Livestock species are differently affected by zoonoses Total loss: Total loss: 382,886 LSUs 379,327 LSUs Equidae 0.006% and non-zoonoses. 50 percent of all LSU losses from All Diseases Sheep + Goats 0.017% zoonoses are in cattle, followed by 42 percent in poultry, 1% 0.4% Cattle 0.024% and 6 percent in small ruminants (sheep and goats). In con- 9% Pigs 0.029% trast, the species group most affected by non-zoonoses 4% Cattle Poultry is poultry (54 percent), followed by cattle (26 percent), Poultry 0.116% 38% Sheet and Goats Swine 0.00% 0.02% 0.04% 0.06% 0.08% 0.10% 0.12% 0.14% swine (16 percent) and small ruminants (2 percent). Buffalo 48% Equidae * LSUs lost as percentage of global populations of the species Camels Cervidae Total loss: 762,212 LSUs 10 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S The authors identified the ten most important diseases top 10 DiseAses swine Top 10 eqUiDAe top 10 DiseAsesdiseases equidae 2006-2009 Top 10 diseases swine 2006-2009 in terms of LSUs lost for each species or species groups covered in our analysis. On average, over all species ´000 LSUs lost to disease p.a. LSUs lost to disease p.a. Bovine tuberculosis 0.67 Trypanosomosis 1 (groups), the three most important diseases accounted Leptospirosis FMD 0.706 6 for 80 percent of the losses. This finding allows disease Transmissible gastroenteritis 0.946 Echinococcosis 14 control efforts to focus on a few diseases per species and Porcine cysticercosis 1.442 Equine piroplasmosis 18 Echinococcosis 1.675 Glanders 66 yet be very effective in terms of overall loss reduction. Aujeszky's disease 7.639 West Nile Fever 91 African swine fever 8.995 Anthrax 179 PRRS 9.275 Rabies 346 Swine vesicular disease 12.193 African horse sickness 896 Classical swine fever 21.953 Equine inf. anaemia 1616 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 LSU losses from all other swine diseases: 1,766 LSU losses from all other equidae diseases: 2 top 10 DiseAses cAttle cattle Top 10 diseases top 10 DiseAses bUFFAlo Top 10 diseases camelidae top 10 DiseAses cAMeliDAe 2006-2009 2006-2009 Top 10 diseases buffalo 2006-2009 ´000 LSUs lost to disease p.a. LSUs lost to disease p.a. LSUs lost to disease p.a. Theileriosis 1.865 Rabies 34 FMD 1 Lumpy skin disease 2.636 Echinococcosis 36 Rift Valley Fever 1 Anthrax 3.269 Lumpy skin disease 46 Camelpox 2 Rabies 3.885 Anthrax 87 Bovine tuberculosis 3 FMD 7.957 Bovine tuberculosis 353 Bovine anaplasmosis 4 Hemorrhagic septicaemia 11.578 Brucella melitensis 419 Sheep-and-goat pox 5 Brucella abortus 31.039 Leptospirosis 516 Rabies 18 Enzootic bovine leukosis 68.181 FMD 554 Anthrax 54 Bovine tuberculosis 71.829 Hemorrhagic septicaemia 1403 Brucella melitensis 74 Echinococcosis 74.477 Brucella abortus 1704 Echinococcosis 201 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0 50 100 150 200 250 LSU losses from all other cattle diseases: 10,505 LSU losses from all other buffalo diseases: 6 LSU losses from all other camelidae diseases: 0 Top 10 diseases sheep and goat top 10 DiseAses sheep AnD GoAt Top 10 poUltry top 10 DiseAsesdiseases poultry 2006-2009 2006-2009 ´000 LSUs lost to disease p.a. ´000 LSUs lost to disease p.a. Contagious agalactica 0.156 Duck virus hepatitis 1.599 Anthrax 0.213 Fowl typhoid 2.204 Contagious capr. Pleuropneumonia 0.341 Fowl cholera 3.801 FMD 0.494 Pullorum disease 4.029 Sheep-and-goat pox 0.942 Mycoplasmosis 13.235 Bluetongue 1.179 Inf. bursal disease 27.086 Peste des Petits Ruminants 2.46 Newcastle disease 60.371 Scrapie 3.198 LPAI 70.683 Brucella melitensis 9.271 Av. inf. bronchitis 84.268 Echinococcosis 13.576 HPAI 96.721 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 LSU losses from all other sheep-and-goat diseases: 676 LSU losses from all other poultry diseases: 2,760 G EN ER A l A N A ly S E S 11 Hemorrhagic these 71 percentages. Mycoplasmosis Losses among wild animals cannot be consolidated LPAI Septicaemia 55 percent of global loss- in the same way as different livestock species Bovine FMD es occurred in the single were transformed into LSUs, because OIE data Fowl Tuberculosis Rabies Anthrax most affected country, do not (so far) reveal the species of wild animals, Cholera BSE Lumpy Skin D. B. Anaplasmosis Trypanosomosis on average, over all dis- only their numbers. (However, OIE is preparing a Other Duck Fowl Pullorum Virus Hep. Theileriosis Typhoid Dis. Marek‘s D. Bov. Babesiosis eases. If the three or Newcastle Av. Laryngotr. ryngotr. Cont. Bov. Pleuropneum. new information system that may include wildlife ten most affected coun- by species.) Therefore, we simply calculated the Disease l Inf. Bursal Bruc. tries are considered, number of wild animals that were lost through Disease Enzootic Abortus their average share of death, destruction or slaughter in the course of Bovine Leukosis global losses rises to the 71 diseases covered. Losses varied immensely 81 percent and 96 per- between the diseases, note the logarithmic scale in the chart. HPAI, rabies and African swine fever Avian infectious Echinococcosis cent, respectively. This ranked highest. It is fair to assume that surveillance Bronchitis finding clearly indicates that livestock losses are and monitoring is less dense, systematic and Porc. Cyst. Echinoc Other very unevenly distributed reliable with wildlife than with livestock, so that a CSF HPAI Aujeszky‘s Disease Echinococcosis worldwide and disease- high reporting bias is likely to have occurred. ASF B. M lit i B Melitensis control measures need Rum. Peste d. Pet. R PRRS P rapie Scrapie Sheep and Goat P p Other Pox to focus on where the Top wildlife diseases SVD Hem. B. Abortus Sept. Other heaviest losses occur. top wilDliFe DiseAses Rabies Equine Infectious An. AHS 2006-2009 Uneven distribution of Number of animals lost through death, destruction or slaughter A treemap representation of LSU losses visualizes the Uneven DistribUtion oF 100000 relative contribution of different diseases to overall DiseAse losses in countries diseaselosses in coUntries 2006-2009 losses. Losses are grouped by livestock species, which 10000 Logarithmic scale! explains why some diseases appear more than once (e.g., Total share of Total share of 3 Total share of 10 1000 echinococcosis in cattle and sheep and goats). Zoonotic single most most affected most affected affected country* countries* countries* 100 diseases are highlighted in green, non-zoonotic diseases in blue. The size of the rectangle is proportional to the 10 average annual number of LSUs lost to the respective 1 disease. 55% 81% 96% s x e s D AI es s r r si si si ve ve ra as FM HP bi io llo co th fe fe se Ra yd An oc ne To quantify how evenly or unevenly livestock losses were di e e m in in oc hi Av stle la Sw w ic in ch lS Tr ca h distributed among countries, the authors calculated for an Ec ca n w * Losses in LSUs , average of all 71 diseases ia ric si Ne as Af each of the 71 diseases the share of the single worst Cl Wild animals lost to all other diseases: 148 affected country (in terms of LSU losses) and averaged 12 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Loss distribution by income Countries are grouped by World Bank income categories category* loss DistribUtion by incoMe cAteGory* and regions, respectively, to check for disparities in the 2006-2009 distribution of losses. If grouped by income, it turns out that losses of LSUs occurred roughly in proportionality to the respective LSU populations, with the exception of a lower-than-proportional share of losses in low-income LSU losses 19.7% 28.0% 46.4% 5.9% countries. This finding may be the result of underreport- ing in low-income countries overcompensating the ef- fect of relatively high disease incidences. Greater disparities can be observed if countries are grouped by region. East Asia and Pacific, Latin Ameri- LSU ca and the Caribbean, South Asia, North America and 17.4% 24.5% 44.1% 14.0% population Sub-Saharan Africa all show fewer LSU losses than proportional to their LSU populations, whereas Europe High Upper-middle Lower-middle Low income income income income and Central Asia and the Middle East and North Africa show LSU losses higher than proportional to their LSU * According to World Bank categories populations. Further analysis on a country level shows that these differences vary substantially from country to country rather than being equally distributed over geo- Loss distribution by region* loss DistribUtion by reGion* graphical regions. 2006-2009 4.1% LSU losses 11.9% 30.2% 10.7% 31.7% 10.8% 0.6% LSU 7.6% population 23.9% 12.0% 20.8% 18.4% 14.1% 3.3% East Asia Europe & Latin America North Sub-Saharan & North Africa Middle East South Asia & Pacific Central Asia & Carribean America Africa * According to World Bank categories G EN ER A l A N A ly S E S 13 Average annual LSU losses were calculated relative to authors have available do not allow for a distinction of the how to reAD the colors the total livestock populations for each country. As the two factor’s contribution to the overall result. This distinc- CONCEPTUAL Country a good Reliability of detection and reporting map shows, the different levels of relative losses are very tion would only be possible if OIE data were set in relation unevenly distributed across the globe with almost every to either other sources of information on countries’ animal Country b continent showing countries of high-and-low losses. health situation and/or information on the performance The reported levels of losses are the result of two major of the countries’ veterinary services, e.g., based on the Country x Country c factors: the actual animal health situation in the country results of the OIE’s Performance of Veterinary Services Country y on the one hand and the reporting reliability of the coun- (PVS) evaluation tool. Additional information is available tries’ veterinary services on the other hand. Countries in OIE’s World Animal Health Database (WAHID), for in- Country z that reported the same level of losses do not necessarily stance about the number of veterinarians active in certain bad face the same actual animal health situation. The data the domains. good bad “Actual“ animal health situation Relative losses relAtive losses 2006-2009 < 0.0004% < 0.002% < 0.01% < 0.05% < 0.25% < 0.25% 14 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Countries are ranked by their average annual LSU losses between 2006 and 2009. Iran LSU losses were calculated relative to the total livestock populations for each country. suffered the highest losses with about 195,000 LSUs per year. Remarkably, Iranian Israel, Iran and Namibia rank highest, with Israel suffering about a 40-fold higher rela- losses were almost four times higher than those in China, the country with the second- tive loss than the global average. highest reported losses. Losses increased from the 2006–2008 averages to 2009 in 37 countries and decreased in 122 countries. Top 10 loss to All DiseAses AbsolUte countries by absolute loss to all diseases relAtive loss oF lsUs* 2006-2009 Top 10 countries by relative loss of LSUs* 2006-2009 Saudi Arabia 19,953 Italy 0.239% Namibia 23,161 Kuwait 0.359% South Africa 24,683 Côte d'Ivoire 0.406% India 24,695 Georgia 0.408% Ukraine 31,303 Moldova 0.479% Italy 37,086 Saudi Arabia 0.525% Russian 45,719 Bulgaria 0.736% Federation Brazil 47,571 Namibia 0.821% China 52,332 Iran, Islamic 0.865% Rep. Iran, Islamic 194,799 1.194% Rep. Israel 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 1.2% 1.4% Top 10 countries account for 64 % of total. * LSUs lost in country as percentage of total livestock populations in that country G EN ER A l A N A ly S E S 15 Looking at all 12,496 combinations of country and on this list (five each) while HPAI (8), echinococcosis very severe outbreak that was restricted to a particular disease, we identified the 50 largest losses on average (6) and bovine tuberculosis (6) are the most frequently location. 19 out of the top-50 losses were caused by over the years 2006–2009 (20 largest thereof are shown named diseases. It is remarkable that avian infectious avian diseases, 15 by bovine diseases and eight each by on maps, see Appendix/page 93 for complete list). Iran, bronchitis, with its outbreak in Iran, tops the list, but does porcine and multi-species diseases. Largest losses 1 - 10 China and Italy are the most frequently named countries not show up again among the top-50 losses, indicating a lArGest losses 1–10 2006-2009 Enzootic bovine leukosis Enzootic bovine leukosis Avian inf. bronchitis LPAI Newcastle disease Inf. bursal disease HPAI HPAI Echinococcosis Echinococcosis 16 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Largest losses 11 – 20 lArGest losses 11–20 2006-2009 Bov. tuberculosis Echinococcosis Bov. tuberculosis SVD HPAI Echinococcosis Newcastle disease Bov. tuberculosis Mycoplasmosis Newcastle disease G EN ER A l A N A ly S E S 17 For the purpose of “radar screening� the landscape of ing further and move quickly in terms of their geographi- a particularly high mobility. The diseases with growing livestock diseases, the authors combined three disease cal locations would require the highest attention (large losses and high mobility (e.g., heartwater and bovine characteristics that are of relevance for global-disease bubbles in top right-quarter of figure below). anaplasmosis) caused only minor losses. Note that the control into one figure: absolute amount of losses Only two of the diseases causing very heavy losses very high mobility value of BSE does not stem from fur- (“size�), growth (or shrinking) of losses over time and showed a further increase in losses over time (avian in- ther spread of the disease, but from its withdrawal from mobility. Diseases causing high losses that keep grow- fectious bronchitis and LPAI) and none of them showed several countries. Growth / size / Mobility 2006-2009 Growth / Size / Mobility explAnAtion oF AbbreviAtions: AHS: African horse sickness, Av. inf. bronchitis: Avian infectious bronchitis, Av. inf. laryng.: Avian 20,000 BSE infectious laryngotracheitis, Av. mycoplasmosis: (46,139 km) Avian mycoplasmosis, ASF: African swine fever, B. AHS 100,000 LSUs Heartwater abortus: Brucella abortus, B. melit.: Brucella me- Mycoplasmosis 10,000 LSUs litensis, B. suis: Brucella suis, BVD: Bovine viral di- 15,000 arrhoea, Bov. anaplasmosis: Bovine anaplasmosis, PPR 1,000 LSUs Av. inf. laryng. Bov. tuberculosis: Bovine tuberculosis, BSE: Bovine S+G pox Bov. anaplasmosis Porc. cystic. Duck virus hep. BVD spongiform encephalopathie, Cont. bovine pleu- Mobility (km) Marek‘s d. CSF Hem. sept. Equine inf. anaemia ropn.: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonitis, CSF: Theileriosis PRRS 10,000 Classical swine fever, Duck virus hep.: Duck virus Scrapie SVD Enz. bov. Pullorum LPAI Aujeszky‘s disease RVF leuk. Fowl cholera hepatitis, Enz. bov. leuk.: Enzootic bovine leukosis, B. melit. Lumpy skin d. Fowl typh. FMD New- B. suis Equine inf. anaemia: Equine infectious anaemia, HPAI castle Av. inf. Inf. bursal d. bronchitis FMD: foot-and-mouth disease, Fowl typh.: Fowl Echino- coccosis B. abortus Trichinellosis typhoid, HPAI: Highly pathogenic avian influenza, ASF 5,000 Bluetongue Transm. gastroent. Inf. bursal d.: Infectious bursal disease, LPAI: Low- Cont. bovine pleuropn. Av. mycoplasmosis Bov. tuberculosis pathogenic avian influenza, Lumpy skin d.: Lumpy Rabies skin disease, Marek‘s d.: Marek‘s disease, Porc. Trypanosomosis cystic.: Porcine cysticercosis, PPR: Peste des pe- tits ruminants, PRRS: Porcine reproductive/respi- -150% -100% - 50% 0% 50% 100% 150% 200% ratory syndrome, RVF: Rift valley fever, S+G pox: Growth 2009 vs. 2006 - 2008 sheep-and-goat pox, SVD: swine vesicular disease, Transm. gastroent.: Transmissible gastroenteritis. 18 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Disease-by-Disease Analyses ZOONOTIC DISEASES W O R lD l I V E S T O C k D I S E ASE AT l AS 19 Reading Instructions: Disease x Sample Map up to 10 most affected countries and economies in terms of total annual livestock unit (lSu) losses. If less than Position of disease 10 countries or economies x after ranking all Split of reported losses to disease x 71 diseases by that losses by the list may be shorter. criterion. species. Absolute figures. Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 22 46 ■ Sheep and goat Country g 4,125 Country c 554 11% Outbreaks: 2,745 15 Country e 2,366 Country b 259 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 8,808 39 18% Country x 2,458 Country p 89 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 3,268 Country m 1,777 Country z 57 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 345 Country f 1,265 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 2,124 Country q 998 71% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 5,779 17 20 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Sample Map 10 countries and economies with highest lSu losses in 2009, but not in 2006–2008 (average). 10 countries and economies with highest Top 10 in 2009 lSu losses in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2006–2008 (average), but not in 2009. Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures LSUs Lost Most affected Countries and Economies Any countries or economies RanK Cattle LSUs lost ranking among top 10 ■ Countries with outbreaks: 22 46 Country g 4,125 Country c 554 lSu losses in 2006–2008 ■ Sheep and goat Outbreaks: 2,745 15 Country e 2,366 Country b 259 (average) and 2009. ■ Swine Cases (LSUs): 8,808 39 Country x 2,458 Country p 89 ■ Poultry LSUs lost by death: 3,268 Country m 1,777 Country z 57 ■ Equidae LSUs lost by destruction: 345 Country f 1,265 ■ Camelidae LSUs lost by slaughter: 2,124 Country q 998 LSUs lost total: 5,779 17 71% ■ Buffalo DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 21 Anthrax Anthrax 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 2% 1% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 53 4 5% ■ Sheep and goat Namibia 1,058 Zimbabwe 142 Outbreaks: 1,636 32 6% Ethiopia 993 China 118 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 12,606 30 Turkey 214 Angola 98 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 2,565 Canada 204 Argentina 75 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 187 India 165 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 1,060 Guinea 148 86% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 3,812 8 22 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Avian Chlamydiosis Avian chlamydiosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 11 46 ■ Sheep and goat Russian Outbreaks: 132 61 ■ Swine Federation 1.0 Cases (lSUs): 13 68 ■ Poultry Bulgaria 0.3 lSUs lost by death: 2 ■ Equidae Namibia 0.1 lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae Switzerland 0.1 lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo Austria 0.1 lSUs lost total: 2 67 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 23 Bovine Babesiosis Bovine Babesiosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies 0.1% RAnK 0.2% 0.1% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 35 8 ■ Sheep and goat Brazil 306 South Africa 72 Outbreaks: 4,290 16 Zimbabwe 171 Zambia 44 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 30,241 16 Cuba 127 Uruguay 41 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,128 Tanzania 125 Iran, Islamic Rep. 36 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 8 Colombia 117 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 35 El Salvador 94 99.7% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,171 37 24 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 9 52 ■ Sheep and goat South Africa 2 Outbreaks: 76 64 Czech Republic 1 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 85 65 Austria 1 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 0 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 3 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 1 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 4 64 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 25 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathie (BSE) BSE 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 13 37 ■ Sheep and goat Ireland 958 United kingdom 28 Outbreaks: 171 60 Portugal 438 France 20 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 148 61 Spain 162 Austria 10 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 14 Canada 79 Japan 3 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 1,757 Czech Republic 74 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 51 Poland 37 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,822 29 26 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Bovine Tuberculosis Bovine Tuberculosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.9% 0.1% 0.5% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 54 3 ■ Sheep and goat United Italy 5,681 Outbreaks: 27,433 2 kingdom 10,993 United States 2,621 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 208,989 4 Ecuador 10,720 Russian ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 486 Ireland 10,115 Federation 2,549 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 15,998 Spain 8,585 Morocco 1,994 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 56,532 Côte d‘Ivoire 8,518 Ukraine 1,594 98.5% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 73,015 4 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 27 Brucella Abortus Brucella abortus 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.1% 0.6% 5.2% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 52 5 ■ Sheep and goat Italy 7,848 Brazil 2,570 Outbreaks: 17,288 5 Russian China 1,559 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 135,988 6 Federation 4,942 Portugal 1,346 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 455 Spain 4,331 Malaysia 707 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 15,277 kyrgyz United ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 17,176 Republic 3,175 kingdom 681 94.3% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 32,908 8 Venezuela, RB 3,054 28 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Brucella Melitensis Brucella melitensis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 5.8% ■ Cattle lSus lost 4.0% Countries with outbreaks: 29 13 0.7% ■ Sheep and goat Spain 3,523 kyrgyz Republic 184 Outbreaks: 7,044 11 Italy 3,107 Albania 181 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 82,995 10 Portugal 1,194 kazakhstan 160 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 78 Macedonia, FyR 591 Qatar 135 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 5,550 Thailand 204 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 4,322 China 201 89.5% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 9,950 14 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 29 Brucella Suis Brucella suis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 3.8% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 9 52 ■ Sheep and goat Hungary 243 Cuba 4 Outbreaks: 121 63 Germany 162 Switzerland 3 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 175 60 France 104 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 2 Romania 50 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 341 Croatia 40 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 160 Italy 17 96.2% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 503 43 30 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Echinococcosis Echinococcosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 1.9% 0.2% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 20 28 ■ Sheep and goat Brazil 33,792 Moldova 2,126 Outbreaks: 22,815 4 15.1% Namibia 21,957 kyrgyz ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 1,038,660 1 Bulgaria 10,082 Republic 1,457 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 24 Algeria 8,883 Greece 69 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 5,837 Peru 6,795 Georgia 67 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 84,130 Ecuador 5,354 82.8% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 89,991 2 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 31 Equine Piroplasmosis Equine Piroplamosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 11 48 ■ Sheep and goat United States 11 Outbreaks: 615 42 Brazil 8 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 1,373 49 Bolivia 2 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 13 Russian Federation 2 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 13 Mexico 2 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 Colombia 1 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 25 58 32 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Fowl Cholera Fowl cholera 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 23 21 ■ Sheep and goat China 4,338 Austria 21 Outbreaks: 1,751 29 Brazil 165 Czech Republic 19 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 20,260 24 Chile 163 Vietnam 10 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 3,570 Russian India 9 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 169 Federation 70 Moldova 9 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 64 Cuba 47 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 3,803 22 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 33 Glanders Glanders 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 3 64 ■ Sheep and goat Brazil 58 Outbreaks: 40 67 India 7 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 124 62 Iran, Islamic Rep. 2 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 7 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 58 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 1 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 66 54 34 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) HPAI 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 28 15 ■ Sheep and goat India 22,227 Israel 3,044 Outbreaks: 1,685 31 Saudi Arabia 19,951 Nigeria 2,986 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 16,718 26 China 18,718 korea, Rep. 2,784 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 11,202 Indonesia 5,085 Myanmar 2,750 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 85,517 Japan 3,758 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 2 Russian 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 96,721 1 Federation 3,279 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 35 Japanese Encephalitis Japanese Encephalitis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 2 67 ■ Sheep and goat China 47 Outbreaks: 37 68 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 106 63 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 28 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 7 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 35 56 36 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S leptospirosis Leptospirosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 37 7 ■ Sheep and goat Vietnam 823 Cuba 8 Outbreaks: 2,316 25 53.0% 23.0% Iran, Islamic Rep. 39 Mexico 6 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 223,546 3 0.5% ■ Poultry Uruguay 30 Italy 4 lSUs lost by death: 863 Brazil 22 Guatemala 3 0.6% ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 108 Ukraine 18 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 2 22.8% Russian ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 973 14 Federation 10 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 37 New World Screwworm New World Screwworm 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 1 69 ■ Sheep and goat Outbreaks: 444 50 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 11,023 32 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 0 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 0 67 38 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Newcastle Disease Newcastle Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 56 2 ■ Sheep and goat Iran, Islamic Colombia 1,169 Outbreaks: 4,246 17 Rep. 20,466 Romania 719 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 88,047 8 South Africa 18,923 korea, Rep. 661 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 35,980 Israel 9,979 kuwait 285 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 23,795 China 5,264 Sweden 256 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 595 Vietnam 1,222 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 60,370 7 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 39 Nipah Nipah 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 0 70 ■ Sheep and goat Outbreaks: 0 70 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 0 70 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 0 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 0 69 40 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Porcine Cysticercosis Porcine Cysticercosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 13 40 ■ Sheep and goat Ecuador 767 Bulgaria 13 Outbreaks: 2,388 24 Peru 561 Benin 8 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 1,254 50 China 24 El Salvador 8 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 4 Spain 17 Bolivia 7 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 628 Togo 16 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 811 Angola 14 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,443 33 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 41 Q Fever Q Fever 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 17 32 ■ Sheep and goat Croatia 17 Macedonia, FyR 1 13.6% Outbreaks: 566 45 liechtenstein 2 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 509 54 Serbia 1 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 3 Spain 1 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 18 Switzerland 1 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 1 86.4% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 22 59 42 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Rabies Rabies 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies 0.8% RAnK 0.4% 0.4% ■ Cattle lSus lost 0.2% Countries with outbreaks: 82 1 ■ Sheep and goat Brazil 1,425 Philippines 139 1.3% 7.9% Outbreaks: 13,902 6 ■ Swine Russian Mexico 139 Cases (lSUs): 5,432 42 ■ Poultry Federation 528 Morocco 126 lSUs lost by death: 3,935 ■ Equidae Colombia 258 India 123 lSUs lost by destruction: 415 ■ Camelidae Algeria 227 Ukraine 104 ■ Buffalo lSUs lost by slaughter: 20 Iran, Islamic Rep. 154 88.9% ■ Cervidae lSUs lost total: 4,370 19 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 43 Rift Valley Fever Rift Valley Fever 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.3% 0.8% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 4 62 ■ Sheep and goat Tanzania 435 Outbreaks: 58 66 15.2% South Africa 46 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 3,752 44 kenya 9 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 383 Madagascar 3 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 5 yemen, Rep. 3 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 Swaziland 2 83.8% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 389 46 44 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Trichinellosis Trichinellosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 19 30 ■ Sheep and goat Serbia 143 Vietnam 10 Outbreaks: 1,167 37 Argentina 114 Georgia 7 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 317 57 Croatia 39 China 5 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 16 Romania 18 Bosnia and ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 204 Russian Herzegovina 3 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 141 Federation 16 Bulgaria 2 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 361 49 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 45 Trypanosomosis Trypanosomosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies 0.8% 0.1% RAnK 1.3% 0.2% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 13 39 ■ Sheep and goat Benin 653 China 26 Outbreaks: 364 53 Belize 104 Mozambique 17 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 48,537 13 Zambia 79 Tanzania 15 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 763 Togo 48 Zimbabwe 13 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 12 India 29 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 246 Colombia 28 97.6% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,022 38 46 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Tularemia Tularemia 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 6 58 ■ Sheep and goat Outbreaks: 257 55 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 63 66 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 0 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 0 69 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 47 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Equine Encephalitis Venezuelan 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 2 66 ■ Sheep and goat Guatemala 2 Outbreaks: 9 69 Belize 1 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 346 56 Colombia 1 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 3 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 3 65 48 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Vesicular Stomatitis Vesicular Stomatitis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 12 42 ■ Sheep and goat Colombia 7 Outbreaks: 947 39 Mexico 5 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 3,654 45 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 12 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 12 60 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 49 West Nile Fever West Nile Fever 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 5 61 ■ Sheep and goat Italy 89 Outbreaks: 197 58 Costa Rica 1 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 750 52 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 88 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 2 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 91 53 50 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Disease-by-Disease Analyses NON-ZOONOTIC DISEASES African Horse Sickness 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 6 59 ■ Sheep and goat Ethiopia 599 Namibia 3 Outbreaks: 392 51 South Africa 160 lesotho 1 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 2,588 47 Senegal 119 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 888 Nigeria 10 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 8 Gambia, The 8 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 Angola 5 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 896 42 52 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S African Swine Fever 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 17 33 ■ Sheep and goat Georgia 4,582 Benin 302 Outbreaks: 229 57 Rwanda 913 Azerbaijan 301 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 8,270 35 Russian Mozambique 247 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 5,962 Federation 677 Mauritius 238 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 2,268 Malawi 413 Armenia 218 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 766 Burkina Faso 327 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 8,995 17 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 53 Aujeszky‘s Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.03% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 15 35 ■ Sheep and goat Poland 6,851 korea, Rep. 39 Outbreaks: 6,061 12 Spain 286 Ukraine 35 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 20,519 23 China 159 Cuba 20 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 250 United kingdom 115 kazakhstan 11 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 433 Mexico 108 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 6,965 Russian 99.97% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 7,647 18 Federation 41 54 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Avian Infectious Bronchitis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 20 29 ■ Sheep and goat Iran, Islamic Russian Outbreaks: 3,765 19 Rep. 81,072 Federation 217 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 231,815 2 China 1,183 Colombia 175 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 83,992 Brazil 750 Côte d‘Ivoire 72 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 164 korea, Rep. 632 Thailand 63 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 112 West Bank Norway 56 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 84,268 3 and Gaza 405 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 55 Avian Infectious laryngotracheitis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 13 37 ■ Sheep and goat China 1,415 Costa Rica 2 Outbreaks: 612 43 Brazil 138 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 11,690 31 Peru 52 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,174 Colombia 17 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 95 West Bank ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 7 and Gaza 8 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,276 36 56 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. synoviae) 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 9 52 ■ Sheep and goat Brazil 144 Outbreaks: 373 52 Jordan 3 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 28,044 19 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 9 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 60 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 80 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 148 52 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 57 Bluetongue 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 23 24 ■ Sheep and goat Spain 934 France 33 11.7% Outbreaks: 26,065 3 Netherlands 79 South Africa 25 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 27,795 20 Hungary 73 Russian ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,189 Morocco 58 Federation 24 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 78 Portugal 52 Belgium 15 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 69 India 34 88.3% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,336 34 58 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Bovine Anaplasmosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.1% 0.2% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 33 10 ■ Sheep and goat Zambia 437 El Salvador 122 Outbreaks: 4,358 15 Cuba 365 Bolivia 56 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 18,995 25 Colombia 233 Canada 50 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,811 Brazil 233 South Africa 31 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 5 Tanzania 174 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 53 Zimbabwe 147 99.7% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,869 28 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 59 Bovine Viral Diarrhoea 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 24 18 ■ Sheep and goat Austria 207 Spain 10 Outbreaks: 5,418 13 Switzerland 94 Mexico 10 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 9,653 33 Russian liechtenstein 9 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 127 Federation 71 latvia 5 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 147 Germany 54 Uruguay 4 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 217 Iran, Islamic Rep. 22 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 491 44 60 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Camelpox 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 3 64 ■ Sheep and goat libya 2 Outbreaks: 1,264 36 Iran, Islamic Rep. 1 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 697 53 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 2 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 2 66 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 61 Caprine Arthritis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 8 57 ■ Sheep and goat Romania 2 Outbreaks: 124 62 Switzerland 2 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 58 67 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 0 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 4 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 5 63 62 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Contagious Agalactica 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 9 56 ■ Sheep and goat Iran, Islamic Rep. 106 Eritrea 1 Outbreaks: 1,390 34 40.2% ■ Swine Italy 104 West Bank Cases (lSUs): 6,755 37 Mongolia 59 and Gaza 1 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 122 Albania 15 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 122 Greece 3 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 16 Spain 2 59.8% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 261 51 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 63 Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.2% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 17 34 ■ Sheep and goat Angola 463 Tanzania 56 Outbreaks: 276 54 Central African Mali 53 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 5,789 40 Republic 353 Côte d’Ivoire 47 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,115 Ethiopia 349 Mali 51 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 161 Chad 69 Nigeria 34 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 225 Zambia 69 99.8% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,500 32 64 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 9 51 ■ Sheep and goat Ethiopia 147 yemen, Rep. 6 Outbreaks: 514 47 Tanzania 65 Eritrea 4 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 3,298 46 Oman 61 Tajikistan 4 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 294 Iran, Islamic Rep. 51 India 3 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 38 Mauritius 8 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 8 Pakistan 6 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 341 50 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 65 Classical Swine Fever 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 23 22 ■ Sheep and goat Cuba 5,722 Slovak Republic 449 Outbreaks: 2,010 26 China 4,942 Germany 350 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 27,049 21 South Africa 4,346 Croatia 300 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 6,361 Romania 5,727 India 175 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 12,741 Vietnam 1,221 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 2,851 Serbia 624 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 21,953 10 66 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Duck Virus Hepatitis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 4 62 ■ Sheep and goat China 1,249 Outbreaks: 469 49 korea, Rep. 407 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 6,072 39 Vietnam 239 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,450 Taiwan, China 16 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 125 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 24 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,599 31 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 67 Enzootic Abortion 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 12 42 ■ Sheep and goat Namibia 4 Outbreaks: 488 48 West Bank ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 310 58 and Gaza 3 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 7 Switzerland 2 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 2 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 9 61 68 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Enzootic Bovine leukosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 34 9 ■ Sheep and goat Russian Portugal 112 Outbreaks: 10,158 8 Federation 31,625 Croatia 112 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 92,187 7 Ukraine 29,305 lithuania 81 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 121 Poland 4,899 Greece 60 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 61,148 Moldova 1,581 latvia 47 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 6,912 Italy 224 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 68,181 6 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 69 Equine Infectious Anaemia 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.2% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 23 22 ■ Sheep and goat Brazil 1,321 Bosnia and Outbreaks: 8,171 10 Costa Rica 72 Herzegovina 21 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 15,234 28 Cuba 62 Croatia 19 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 57 Venezuela, RB 51 Dominican ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 790 Canada 30 Republic 13 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 771 Romania 23 Germany 9 99.8% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,619 30 70 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Foot-and-Mouth Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 5.7% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 45 6 7.3% ■ Sheep and goat Zambia 2,148 Vietnam 775 Outbreaks: 4,470 14 5.1% China 2,096 Iran, Islamic Rep. 378 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 154,299 5 Uzbekistan 1,856 Togo 372 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 3,545 Argentina 1,029 Botswana 362 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 5,047 Egypt, Arab Rep. 946 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 1,120 Turkey 903 81.9% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 9,713 15 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 71 Fowl Typhoid 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 15 36 ■ Sheep and goat korea, Rep. 913 Russian Outbreaks: 232 56 Serbia 360 Federation 132 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 6,706 38 Brazil 339 Nigeria 3 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,657 Romania 223 kenya 3 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 393 Algeria 222 Ukraine 3 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 154 Nepal 2 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 2,204 26 72 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Heartwater 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 8.6% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 11 46 ■ Sheep and goat Zimbabwe 119 Swaziland 13 Outbreaks: 561 46 Zambia 112 Togo 8 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 2,375 48 Tanzania 73 Comoros 6 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 368 South Africa 49 Mozambique 5 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 5 Botswana 42 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 3 Madagascar 14 91.4% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 376 47 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 73 Hemorrhagic Septicaemia 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 22 26 4.5% ■ Sheep and goat Italy 6,750 Cambodia 418 10.3% Outbreaks: 9,860 9 0.3% Vietnam 2,322 Myanmar 372 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 48,831 12 India 975 Eritrea 320 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 6,549 China 919 Nepal 218 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 6,844 Ethiopia 584 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 250 Pakistan 476 84.9% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 13,644 11 74 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 31 12 ■ Sheep and goat Czech Republic 194 Greece 13 Outbreaks: 2,981 21 Russian Peru 10 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 25,167 22 Federation 41 Mexico 8 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 143 Iran, Islamic Rep. 24 Guatemala 5 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 11 luxembourg 22 Switzerland 5 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 208 Slovak Republic 21 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 362 48 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 75 Infectious Bursal Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 32 11 ■ Sheep and goat Iran, Islamic Cuba 492 Outbreaks: 3,196 20 Rep. 20,167 Colombia 235 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 83,554 9 Brazil 2,283 Poland 219 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 26,644 China 2,258 kuwait 135 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 239 korea, Rep. 666 Sri lanka 106 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 202 Russian 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 27,085 9 Federation 516 76 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S leishmaniosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 9 52 ■ Sheep and goat Outbreaks: 1,973 27 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 0 69 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 0 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 0 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 0 67 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 77 low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 10 50 ■ Sheep and goat Iran, Islamic Portugal 410 Outbreaks: 1,293 35 Rep. 60,196 Canada 260 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 73,217 11 Japan 5,983 Denmark 195 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 60,260 Germany 1,622 Spain 105 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 9,966 Italy 842 France 71 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 457 United States 830 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 70,683 5 78 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S lumpy Skin Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 1.7% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 24 20 ■ Sheep and goat Malawi 850 Zambia 113 Outbreaks: 10,353 7 Ethiopia 819 South Africa 108 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 29,473 17 Zimbabwe 312 Egypt, Arab Rep. 79 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 2,235 Israel 187 Tanzania 64 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 344 Angola 184 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 103 Senegal 145 98.3% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 2,682 24 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 79 Maedi Visna Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 12 41 ■ Sheep and goat Romania 18 Outbreaks: 181 59 Colombia 7 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 832 51 Finland 2 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1 Greece 1 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 26 Estonia 1 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 3 Spain 1 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 30 57 80 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Marek‘s Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 25 17 ■ Sheep and goat China 764 Jordan 20 Outbreaks: 1,155 38 korea, Rep. 279 Nepal 8 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 5,261 43 Russian Madagascar 7 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,291 Federation 167 Belarus 4 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 42 Colombia 165 Sri lanka 3 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 Taiwan, China 95 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,334 35 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 81 Mycoplasmosis (M. gallisepticum) 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 22 25 ■ Sheep and goat Iran, Islamic Colombia 60 Outbreaks: 608 44 Rep. 10,247 Russian ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 14,871 29 Brazil 2,385 Federation 53 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 12,678 Cuba 222 Namibia 19 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 400 West Bank Sudan 16 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 157 and Gaza 139 Nepal 5 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 13,235 12 korea, Rep. 107 82 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Ovine Epididymitis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 12 42 ■ Sheep and goat Spain 16 Russian Federation 1 Outbreaks: 1,467 33 South Africa 15 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 309 59 Bulgaria 13 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 3 Croatia 8 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 20 Romania 7 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 38 Sudan 1 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 61 55 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 83 Paratuberculosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 26 16 ■ Sheep and goat libya 115 Iran, Islamic Rep. 28 12.1% Outbreaks: 2,791 22 Japan 90 Greece 18 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 5,441 41 Spain 84 Thailand 14 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 50 Czech Republic 61 Indonesia 9 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 244 luxembourg 51 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 153 Austria 30 87.9% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 447 45 84 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Peste des Petits Ruminants 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 4.1% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 28 14 ■ Sheep and goat kenya 610 Senegal 111 Outbreaks: 1,713 30 Ethiopia 335 yemen, Rep. 109 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 8,697 34 India 295 Turkey 86 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 2,455 Iran, Islamic Rep. 215 Togo 83 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 49 Benin 197 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 61 Guinea 129 95.9% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 2,565 25 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 85 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 19 31 ■ Sheep and goat Vietnam 7,126 South Africa 111 Outbreaks: 1,864 28 Sweden 987 Russian ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 28,873 18 China 636 Federation 91 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 4,343 Romania 157 Taiwan, China 22 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 4,519 korea, Rep. 153 Mexico 17 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 414 Thailand 124 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 9,275 16 86 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Pullorum Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 12 42 ■ Sheep and goat China 3,919 Tunisia 107 Outbreaks: 2,584 23 Serbia 380 Brazil 30 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 39,655 14 Algeria 204 korea, Rep. 24 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 3,188 Czech Republic 166 Sudan 16 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 746 Russian West Bank ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 95 Federation 133 and Gaza 15 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 4,029 20 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 87 Scrapie 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 20 27 ■ Sheep and goat United France 124 Outbreaks: 653 41 kingdom 1,722 Romania 89 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 372 55 United States 339 Iceland 68 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 47 Spain 325 Greece 64 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 2,887 Italy 242 Canada 50 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 364 Hungary 239 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 3,198 23 88 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Sheep-and-Goat Pox 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 0.5% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 20 19 ■ Sheep and goat India 206 China 66 Outbreaks: 154,796 1 Ethiopia 205 libya 31 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 7,709 36 Morocco 109 Eritrea 28 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 771 Turkey 97 Mongolia 22 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 59 Pakistan 72 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 117 Iran, Islamic Rep. 69 99.5% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 947 40 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 89 Swine Vesicular Disease 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 1 68 ■ Sheep and goat Italy 12,080 Outbreaks: 71 65 Portugal 113 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 92 64 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 12,192 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 0 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 12,193 13 90 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Theileriosis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK 2.0% ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 11 48 ■ Sheep and goat Zambia 1,122 Mozambique 7 Outbreaks: 4,037 18 Iran, Islamic Rep. 415 Tunisia 6 ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 30,459 15 Tanzania 401 Azerbaijan 3 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 1,855 Zimbabwe 83 Malaysia 2 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 52 Comoros 50 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 16 Sudan 29 98.0% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 1,924 27 DI S EAS E - B y- D I S E A S E ANAlySE S 91 Transmissible Gastroenteritis 2006-2009 Top 10 in 2009 Top 10 in 2006–2008 Top 10 in 2009 and 2006–2008 Key Figures lSus lost Most Affected Countries and economies RAnK ■ Cattle lSus lost Countries with outbreaks: 5 60 ■ Sheep and goat China 1,110 Outbreaks: 943 40 Russian ■ Swine Cases (lSUs): 15,440 27 Federation 58 ■ Poultry lSUs lost by death: 900 Cuba 29 ■ Equidae lSUs lost by destruction: 37 korea, Rep. 26 ■ Camelidae lSUs lost by slaughter: 10 Belarus 1 100% ■ Buffalo lSUs lost total: 946 41 92 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S Appendix SPReAD oF DISeASeS: nuMbeR oF CounTRIeS/eConoMIeS WITh ouTbReAKS Spread of Diseases: Number of Countries/Economies with Outbreaks Spread of Diseases: Number of Countries/Economies with Outbreaks Spread of Diseases: Number of Countries/Economies with Outbreaks change 2009 change 2009 change 2009 average average average rank disease vs. average rank disease vs. average rank disease vs. average 2006–2009 2006–2009 2006–2009 2006–2008 2006–2008 2006–2008 1 Rabies 82 16 26 Hemorrhagic Septicaemia 22 -3 50 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza 10 5 2 Newcastle Disease 56 7 27 Scrapie 20 1 51 Contagious Caprine 9 1 3 Bovine Tuberculosis 54 1 28 Echinococcosis 20 2 Pleuropneumonia 4 Anthrax 53 -4 29 Avian Infectious Bronchitis 20 -25 52 Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis 9 -3 5 Brucella Abortus 52 1 30 Trichinellosis 19 5 52 Brucella Suis 9 1 6 Foot-And-Mouth Disease 45 3 31 Porcine Reproductive/ 19 3 52 Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. 9 -2 Respiratory Syndrome Synoviae) 7 Leptospirosis 37 0 52 Leishmaniosis 9 -59 8 Bovine Babesiosis 35 8 32 Q Fever 17 5 56 Contagious Agalactica 9 0 9 Enzootic Bovine Leukosis 34 2 33 African Swine Fever 17 -10 57 Caprine Arthritis 8 -2 10 Bovine Anaplasmosis 33 3 34 Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia 17 -1 58 Tularemia 6 1 11 Infectious Bursal Disease 32 7 35 Aujeszky’s Disease 15 6 59 African Horse Sickness 6 -1 12 Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis 31 11 36 Fowl Typhoid 15 -2 60 Transmissible Gastroenteritis 5 -3 13 Brucella Melitensis 29 2 37 BSE 13 -3 61 West Nile Fever 5 4 14 Peste Des Petits Ruminants 28 2 37 Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis 13 3 62 Rift Valley Fever 4 -3 15 HPAI 28 -23 39 Trypanosomosis 13 7 62 Duck Virus Hepatitis 4 0 16 Paratuberculosis 26 3 40 Porcine Cysticercosis 13 2 64 Glanders 3 1 17 Marek’s Disease 25 2 41 Maedi Visna Disease 12 1 64 Camelpox 3 -2 18 Bovine Viral Diarrhea 24 8 42 Vesicular Stomatitis 12 2 66 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis 2 2 19 Sheep-And-Goat Pox 24 -3 42 Enzootic Abortion 12 3 67 Japanese Encephalitis 2 -1 20 Lumpy Skin Disease 24 -5 42 Ovine Epididymitis 12 -2 68 Swine Vesicular Disease 1 -1 21 Fowl Cholera 23 -2 42 Pullorum Disease 12 2 69 New World Screwworm 1 -1 22 Classical Swine Fever 23 -6 46 Avian Chlamydiosis 11 4 70 Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever 0 0 22 Equine Infectious Anaemia 23 0 46 Heartwater 11 0 70 Nipah 0 0 24 Bluetongue 23 3 48 Equine Piroplasmosis 11 1 25 Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum) 22 -1 48 Theileriosis 11 3 APPEN D I x 93 DISeASeS by lSus loST Diseases by LSUs Lost — Number of LSU Lost Diseases by LSUs Lost — Number of LSU Lost Average 2006–2009 Change 2009 vs. Average 2006–2009 Change 2009 vs. average 2006–2008 average 2006–2008 Rank Disease by death by destruction by slaughter Total Rank Disease by death by destruction by slaughter Total 1 HPAI 11,202 85,517 2 96,721 -83% 37 Bovine babesiosis 1,128 8 35 1,171 44% 2 Echinococcosis 24 5,837 84,130 89,991 -9% 38 Trypanosomosis 763 12 246 1,022 201% 3 Avian infectious bronchitis 83,992 164 112 84,268 196% 39 Leptospirosis 863 108 2 973 1190% 4 Bovine tuberculosis 486 15,998 56,532 73,015 30% 40 Sheep-and-goat pox 771 59 117 947 2% 5 Low-pathogenic avian 60,260 9,966 457 70,683 128% 41 Transmissible gastroenteritis 900 37 10 946 32% influenza 42 African Horse Sickness 888 8 - 896 -58% 6 Enzootic bovine leukosis 121 61,148 6,912 68,181 -6% 43 Brucella suis 2 341 160 503 96% 7 Newcastle disease 35,980 23,795 595 60,370 9% 44 Bovine viral diarrhea 127 147 217 491 124% 8 Brucella abortus 455 15,277 17,176 32,908 29% 45 Paratuberculosis 50 244 153 447 55% 9 Infectious bursal disease 26,644 239 202 27,085 118% 46 Rift Valley fever 383 5 0 389 46% 10 Classical swine fever 6,361 12,741 2,851 21,953 -57% 47 Heartwater 368 5 3 376 307% 11 Hemorrhagic septicaemia 6,549 6,844 250 13,644 71% 48 Infectious bovine 143 11 208 362 -36% 12 Mycoplasmosis (M. Gal- 12,678 400 157 13,235 -84% rhinotracheitis lisepticum) 49 Trichinellosis 16 204 141 361 159% 13 Swine vesicular disease 1 12,192 - 12,193 -47% 50 Contagious caprine 294 38 8 341 -3% 14 Brucella melitensis 78 5,550 4,322 9,950 -49% pleuropneumonia 15 Foot-and-mouth disease 3,545 5,047 1,120 9,713 -5% 51 Contagious agalactica 122 122 16 261 -61% 16 Porcine reproductive/respira- 4,343 4,519 414 9,275 -72% 52 Avian mycoplasmosis 9 60 80 148 -89% tory syndrome (M. synoviae) 17 African Swine fever 5,962 2,268 766 8,995 19% 53 West Nile fever 88 2 0 91 -93% 18 Aujeszky's disease 250 433 6,965 7,647 114% 54 Glanders 7 58 1 66 288% 19 Rabies 3,935 415 20 4,370 42% 55 Ovine epididymitis 3 20 38 61 57% 20 Pullorum disease 3,188 746 95 4,029 5% 56 Japanese encephalitis 28 7 - 35 512% 21 Anthrax 2,565 187 1,060 3,812 -19% 57 Maedi visna disease 1 26 3 30 -74% 22 Fowl cholera 3,570 169 64 3,803 -7% 58 Equine piroplasmosis 13 13 - 25 260% 23 Scrapie 47 2,887 264 3,198 -73% 59 Q fever 3 18 1 22 1151% 24 Lumpy skin disease 2,235 344 103 2,682 -81% 60 Vesicular stomatitis 12 - - 12 405% 25 Peste des Petits Ruminants 2,455 49 61 2,565 -31% 61 Enzootic abortion 7 2 - 9 -6% 26 Fowl typhoid 1,657 393 154 2,204 -41% 62 Caprine arthritis 0 4 - 5 16% 27 Theileriosis 1,855 52 16 1,924 157% 63 Bovine genital - 3 1 4 -79% 28 Bovine anaplasmosis 1,811 5 53 1,869 177% campylobacteriosis 29 BSE 14 1,757 51 1,822 -87% 64 Venezuelan equine 3 0 - 3 2113% 30 Equine infectious anaemia 57 790 771 1,619 313% encephalitis 31 Duck virus hepatitis 1,450 125 24 1,599 34% 65 Camelpox 2 0 - 2 -100% 32 Contagious bovine 1,115 161 225 1,500 18% 66 Avian chlamydiosis 2 0 - 2 63% pleuropneumonia 68 Crimean Congo - - - - 0% 33 Porcine cysticercosis 4 628 811 1,443 -92% Hemorrhagic fever 34 Bluetongue 1,189 78 69 1,336 -15% 68 New world screwworm - - - - 0% 35 Marek's disease 1,291 42 0 1,334 29% 68 Nipah - - - - 0% 36 Avian infectious 1,174 95 7 1,276 -19% 68 Tularemia - - - - 0% laryngotracheitis 68 Leishmaniosis - - - - 0% 94 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S ToTAl lSu loSSeS by CounTRy/eConoMy Total LSU Losses by Country/Economy (average 2006–2009) Total LSU Losses by Country/Economy (average 2006–2009) Change of total Change of total Rank Country/Economy Zoonoses Non-zoonoses Total 2009 vs. average Rank Country/Economy Zoonoses Non-zoonoses Total 2009 vs. average 2006–2008 2006–2008 1 Iran, Islamic Rep. 21,785 173,278 195,062 70% 36 Myanmar 2,859 411 3,270 -91% 2 China 31,610 20,721 52,332 -56% 37 Venezuela, RB 3,204 52 3,256 -100% 3 Brazil 39,787 7,783 47,571 -13% 38 Colombia 1,608 1,213 2,820 -68% 4 Russian Federation 11,771 33,947 45,719 5% 39 Morocco 2,332 170 2,502 154% 5 Italy 16,751 20,334 37,086 -58% 40 Germany 244 2,037 2,281 -20% 6 Ukraine 1,959 29,345 31,303 -76% 41 Kuwait 2,098 159 2,257 -61% 7 India 22,731 2,149 24,880 -85% 42 Zambia 236 2,010 2,246 206% 8 South Africa 19,823 4,860 24,683 -92% 43 Azerbaijan 1,567 308 1,876 -63% 9 Namibia 23,061 100 23,162 -99% 44 Serbia 290 1,492 1,782 -79% 10 Saudi Arabia 19,952 1 19,953 -100% 45 Pakistan 1,127 612 1,739 -100% 11 Spain 17,786 1,762 19,549 -48% 46 Bangladesh 1,639 - 1,639 -64% 12 Ecuador 16,869 20 16,889 -100% 47 Benin 941 689 1,630 120% 13 Vietnam 2,762 12,227 14,989 -40% 48 Tanzania 717 899 1,615 -76% 14 Poland 2,828 11,979 14,808 -8% 49 Argentina 240 1,034 1,274 -70% 15 United Kingdom 12,440 2,065 14,505 33% 50 Sweden 280 993 1,273 -81% 16 Israel 13,026 357 13,383 -73% 51 Malawi 5 1,266 1,270 -94% 17 Ireland 11,097 6 11,104 -23% 52 Dominican Republic 1,032 179 1,211 29% 18 Bulgaria 10,132 64 10,196 -88% 53 Thailand 901 292 1,192 -54% 19 Algeria 9,758 429 10,187 -2% 54 Rwanda 125 1,060 1,185 -40% 20 Japan 3,761 6,074 9,835 378% 55 France 929 232 1,161 -71% 21 Côte d'Ivoire 8,640 172 8,811 308% 56 West Bank and Gaza 517 594 1,112 308% 22 Peru 7,564 98 7,662 415% 57 Malaysia 1,017 77 1,094 -54% 23 Cuba 599 6,922 7,521 -69% 58 Armenia 844 222 1,066 -80% 24 Korea, Rep. 3,466 3,366 6,832 -10% 59 Zimbabwe 383 674 1,057 -57% 25 Romania 1,030 4,764 5,794 -96% 60 Angola 289 744 1,034 -73% 26 Turkey 4,243 1,437 5,680 -73% 61 Macedonia, FYR 995 2 996 -32% 27 Georgia 522 4,582 5,104 -89% 62 Canada 561 389 950 72% 28 Indonesia 5,085 9 5,094 -83% 63 Nepal 217 711 927 179% 29 Kyrgyz Republic 4,834 1 4,835 -100% 64 Czech Republic 485 431 915 -20% 30 Ethiopia 1,068 3,282 4,350 -65% 65 Greece 628 172 800 -36% 31 Portugal 3,367 693 4,060 -49% 66 Mozambique 462 283 746 158% 32 United States 2,787 1,169 3,955 -64% 67 Burkina Faso 114 628 742 -3% 33 Moldova 2,143 1,581 3,725 -62% 68 New Zealand 729 1 730 -82% 34 Egypt, Arab Rep. 2,533 1,025 3,558 0% 69 Sudan 523 206 729 -64% 35 Nigeria 3,003 292 3,295 -100% 70 Kenya 45 677 722 -94% APPEN D I x 95 ToTAl lSu loSSeS by CounTRy/eConoMy (continued) Total LSU Losses by Country/Economy (average 2006–2009) Total LSU Losses by Country/Economy (average 2006–2009) Change of total Change of total Rank Country/Economy Zoonoses Non-zoonoses Total 2009 vs. average Rank Country/Economy Zoonoses Non-zoonoses Total 2009 vs. average 2006–2008 2006–2008 71 Croatia 185 446 631 -36% 106 Honduras 152 1 153 1569% 72 Hungary 275 312 588 -95% 107 Mongolia 68 82 150 -63% 73 Ghana 287 296 583 -36% 108 Oman 15 127 142 11% 74 Cambodia 7 549 557 81% 109 Madagascar 16 124 140 -100% 75 Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. - 538 538 -100% 110 Philippines 139 - 139 -100% 76 Togo 177 319 496 -23% 111 Yemen, Rep. 20 118 138 -88% 77 Costa Rica 418 74 492 -67% 112 Tajikistan 130 4 135 84% 78 Slovak Republic - 471 471 -100% 113 Bhutan 17 100 117 -85% 79 Senegal 7 449 455 -89% 114 Estonia 109 5 115 -93% 80 Botswana 14 437 451 -72% 115 Switzerland 5 105 111 4469% 81 Central African Republic 84 363 448 novel: 895 116 Mali 26 83 109 9% 82 El Salvador 314 130 445 -3% 117 Belize 108 1 108 -97% 83 Eritrea 49 395 444 -100% 118 Nicaragua 85 10 95 267% 84 Guinea 159 282 441 -41% 119 Congo, Dem. Rep. - 92 92 -100% 85 Mexico 220 202 422 259% 120 Swaziland 26 66 92 -12% 86 Kazakhstan 360 16 376 104306% 121 Niger 29 61 90 3768% 87 Bolivia 255 97 352 -83% 122 Netherlands 5 79 84 -96% 88 Albania 310 17 327 -64% 123 Bosnia and Herzegovina 56 24 80 4666% 89 Uruguay 281 36 316 -11% 124 Lesotho 71 7 77 -65% 90 Tunisia 183 125 309 -30% 125 Luxembourg 0 73 73 -100% 91 Cameroon 73 227 299 65% 126 Jordan 20 51 72 243% 92 Austria 49 238 288 -58% 127 Iceland - 68 68 -80% 93 Libya 6 263 269 -100% 128 Latvia 4 62 66 3% 94 Mauritius - 252 252 -93% 129 Panama 64 2 65 -88% 95 Belgium 193 43 236 -96% 130 Gambia, The - 62 62 -100% 96 Lao PDR 83 148 231 205% 131 Cyprus 0 61 61 -94% 97 Sri Lanka 95 128 223 30% 132 Comoros 5 56 61 novel: 56 98 Guatemala 190 26 216 773% 133 Norway 0 61 61 204% 99 Denmark 1 205 206 -99% 134 Australia 57 2 59 -45% 100 Chile 187 3 190 -60% 135 Andorra 44 - 44 -100% 101 Chad 7 171 178 1361% 136 Syrian Arab Republic 39 0 39 -47% 102 Belarus 108 60 168 -49% 137 New Caledonia 29 - 29 -98% 103 Lithuania 56 109 165 22% 138 Congo, Rep. 3 20 23 -34% 104 Afghanistan 52 110 162 -91% 139 Uganda - 20 20 63% 105 Qatar 155 2 157 -22% 140 Gabon 20 1 20 -100% 96 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S ToTAl lSu loSSeS by CounTRy/eConoMy (continued) Total LSU Losses by Country/Economy (average 2006–2009) Total LSU Losses by Country/Economy (average 2006–2009) Change of total Change of total Rank Country/Economy Zoonoses Non-zoonoses Total 2009 vs. average Rank Country/Economy Zoonoses Non-zoonoses Total 2009 vs. average 2006–2008 2006–2008 141 Montenegro 5 14 19 -47% 159 Guyana 1 - 1 -100% 142 Slovenia 8 10 18 -95% 160 Djibouti 0 - 0 -100% 143 Paraguay 16 - 16 -20% 161 Greenland 0 - 0 -100% 144 Guinea-Bissau 11 5 16 196% 162 Jamaica 0 - 0 -100% 145 Liechtenstein 2 10 11 -53% 163 Barbados - - - 0% 146 Malta 2 9 11 -100% 164 Brunei Darussalam - - - 0% 147 Mauritania 3 7 10 -94% 165 Burundi - - - 0% 148 Maldives 9 9 9 novel: 9 166 Equatorial Guinea - - - 0% 149 Bahrain 7 2 9 -89% 167 Fiji - - - 0% 150 Finland 3 3 5 -85% 168 French Guiana - - - 0% 151 United Arab Emirates - 4 4 -90% 169 French Polynesia - - - 0% 152 Lebanon - 4 4 novel: 16 170 Papua New Guinea - - - 0% 153 Haiti - 4 4 -100% 171 Réunion - - - 0% 154 Martinique - 3 3 -85% 172 Sierra Leone - - - 0% 155 Singapore 2 - 2 -100% 173 Suriname - - - 0% 156 Iraq - 1 1 889% 174 Turkmenistan - - - 0% 157 Guadeloupe 1 - 1 -100% 175 Uzbekistan - - - 0% 158 Trinidad and Tobago 1 0 1 -100% 176 Vanuatu - - - 0% APPEN D I x 97 50 lARgeST lSu loSSeS by CounTRy/eConoMy AnD DISeASe 50 Largest LSU Losses by Country/Economy and Disease 50 Largest LSU Losses by Country/Economy and Disease lSUs lost country/economy disease lSUs lost country/economy disease 1 81,072 Iran, Islamic Rep. Avian infectious bronchitis 26 6,795 Peru Echinococcosis 2 60,196 Iran, Islamic Rep. LPAI 27 6,750 Italy Hemorrhagic septicaemia 3 33,792 Brazil Echinococcosis 28 5,983 Japan LPAI 4 31,625 Russian Federation Enzootic bovine leukosis 29 5,722 Cuba Classical swine fever 5 29,305 Ukraine Enzootic bovine leukosis 30 5,681 Italy Bovine tuberculosis 6 22,227 India HPAI 31 5,354 Ecuador Echinococcosis 7 21,957 Namibia Echinococcosis 32 5,264 China Newcastle disease 8 20,466 Iran, Islamic Rep. Newcastle disease 33 5,085 Indonesia HPAI 9 20,167 Iran, Islamic Rep. Infectious bursal disease 34 4,942 China Classical swine fever 10 19,951 Saudi Arabia HPAI 35 4,942 Russian Federation Brucella abortus 11 18,923 South Africa Newcastle disease 36 4,899 Poland Enzootic bovine leukosis 12 18,718 China HPAI 37 4,582 Georgia African swine fever 13 12,080 Italy Swine vesicular disease 38 4,346 South Africa Classical swine fever 14 10,993 United Kingdom Bovine tuberculosis 39 4,338 China Fowl cholera 15 10,720 Ecuador Bovine tuberculosis 40 4,331 Spain Brucella abortus 16 10,247 Iran, Islamic Rep. Mycoplasmosis 41 4,195 Romania Classical swine fever 17 10,115 Ireland Bovine tuberculosis 42 3,919 China Pullorum disease 18 10,082 Bulgaria Echinococcosis 43 3,758 Japan HPAI 19 9,979 Israel Newcastle disease 44 3,523 Spain Brucella melitensis 20 8,883 Algeria Echinococcosis 45 3,279 Russian Federation HPAI 21 8,585 Spain Bovine tuberculosis 46 3,175 Kyrgyz Republic Brucella abortus 22 8,518 Côte d'Ivoire Bovine tuberculosis 47 3,107 Italy Brucella melitensis 23 7,848 Italy Brucella abortus 48 3,054 Venezuela, RB Brucella abortus 24 7,126 Vietnam Porcine reproductive /respiratory syndrome 49 3,044 Israel HPAI 25 6,851 Poland Aujeszky's disease 50 2,986 Nigeria HPAI 98 W OR lD lIV ES TOC k D IS EA S E ATlA S a G r I c U l t U r e a n d r U r a l d e v e l o p m e n t ARD AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD) 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 USA Telephone: 202-477-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org/ard