56624 . - 170 - .1 99 ) (G2P) . ( . . . . . 170 () . . 45 . . . : 2. . . . . . . (2) (1) : . 58 170 2009 / . 1 . . - - 99 . 170 1 (2008) .(MIX) . .(1991) (2001) (2008) (2008) 2 2 :1 .(2009 ) 4. 60 170.1 . 49 . 124.6 .(1 ) 33 . 5 .(2009 2009 ) . (2009) . (2007) (2008) .(2009) . " 227 (LABORSTA) 22 (Di Bao) " . 138 ) .(2008 . 45.5 ) " .(2009 . 45 " .(2009 ) 2008-2009 100 . .(2008 / 15 ) -- (1 ) . . . ( ) ) ) 3.1 .(2009 478 ( . 3. -- . .(2008) " " 3 49 . 120 (2009) 4 .1 4.49 5 200 .(2009 ) 600 .(2009 ) .(http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/25748) () "Oportunidades" - 3 :1 ( - ) 170 25 (Cajas de Compensacion Familiar) 10 20 (2.5) . ." " . ( ) 11.7 . .(1 ) 1.17 ) 10 . ( 7.6 16 792 . " " . 30 -- "Familias en Accion" -- -- 1.5 800 . . . 4 :1 ) ) ( ( 339 3.9 : 7 Cajas de) 18 Compensacion (Familiar 792 1.5 (62%) 88 ) (22%) ( (16%) 11.76 985,602 497 ) ( 3.84 800,440 400 (50%) (50%) 130 380,961 57 (Prosperar) 16.86 7,567,003 Accion Social ASOCAJAS Direccion General del Presupuesto Publico : . Direccion de Seguridad Social Nacional . : ) .( . . . . 2.6 14.7 6.(2007 ) 40 2 . ) 62 ( 45) ( . Bankable) 7 .(Frontier Associates 2006 . 6 . 7 5 (2009-1999) :2 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 . " " ( ) "" . . -- . -- -- . -- 15 6 . .(2007 ) ( ) . . . (Jefes ) " " " " 0.3 3.6 . .(2007 ) 10.7 . 8 : 15 -- 10.7 (Banco de la Nacion) .(Jefes ) . . . .Jefes 10 8 6 . . . " " .(2006 ) 9 . 139 .(2008 ) "Sekulula " .(2009 ) 100 -- "Absa " . . 742 "" . / "" . 1 " .(2009 ) 2009 . "Net1 12 "1 " .2009 / . .(2009 "1 ") () . " "(NREGA) "Jefes y Jefas de Hogar " 45 . 100 . 2008 ( ) .(2009 ) " 9. : "Bolsa Familia - - 10. " . ."(A Little World ) " "(FINO) "(FINO) " ) " " 20 .( . 60 .(2008 ) . A ) " "(FINO) " . "(Little World 11. "(Caixa Economica) " . " 12.4 conta" " / Banco de la Nacion () () 9 .Duryea and Schargrodsky (2007) .2008 .() 10 . 11 7 ( ) "facile 20 . 2009 / . . . "Caixa" . 12 . . . -- . -- - . . . 12.4 " " . 20 .(2007 ) . "" 18 . .(2008 ) . . . : ) .(2009 .1 .2 . .3 .4 . .5 . . .() " " 12 8 1000 ) 14. . ( . . . (2006) 44-22 . . . . . . 13 (2006) . . (2008) . 40 . . " " 13.(2006 ) "" . . " (1991) . 15 ." (2008) . . . . (2009) 96 88) 10 93) ( . 8 ( 83 . . ( ) ." " . 22545 13 15 13 . " " 7481 " " . 300 14 . . .(2001) 15 9 :3 . 80 70 68% . 60 . 50 40 . 30 20 16% . 12% 10 5% . 0 (2006) : . . 3 . 84 .(2009b ) 12.4 13 -- " " (2009 ) 2004 16. . 24 ." " "" ) 96 .(2007 - . " " 87 1.5 ... . . . 41 255 . (2006) 16 10 " " · " " 49 .(2007 ) 20 "1 " 17 . . / "1 " · 2005 2009 45 2007 "" .(2005 1 2009 1 ) . . "" · . "" -- -- ) 1.5 . .( 5 30 ] 85 ) [ 12 " ( 35 .(2009 ) " . .(2006 ) "1 " · . 1999 . 13.5 . "1 " 276 . 2009 96 .(2009 1 ) "1 " . . . . . . 4 . . 17 11 11 :4 15 10 5 0 ­5 ­10 :12 :29 :60 7- 0 13+ . . . 40 -- -- . 12.6 ) 4 .( 10.5) ( . . 20 . .( 18.3) 87.6 2 . . 100 4 . ) .( .( ) . 12 . . . . . (1) . (2) : (3) .1 . . (1) . ) (2) ( . . . ) ( . . 20.5 ) . 18 .( .2 . . 4 . . . 12 . . . . . . 29 (1) : (3) (2) . 50 18 .(2008 ) . 13 ( ) :2 608,525 10,142 1,662 6,647 1,833 84,425 1,407 215 859 333 9,700 162 30 120 12 .2009 Bankable Frontier Associates (2006) : . . 5,567 .(2006 ) . ( ) 223 . - 11 (2008 ) 295 (M-PESA) . 20135 . 2007 / . 7.5 . - . . .(2009 ) . FSD) 2 .(2009 19. . 63 . . . ) . . 80 ( 76 4 89 80 20. . . 2005 - 2001 . 19 . . .2008 () 20 14 . . . " " 1.02 22. 0.47 . 5 : . . (2007) ) ( ) ( .( ) . (5) ( 10) "" 1.33 23 23 ) "" . .( . . . " " . ( 4.9) .(2008 ) ( 2.5) Banco) . (Popular . . . .(2007 ) . . . . ." " " " 21 . 85 .www.safaricom.co.ke 21 .Link Banco de la Nacion () () 22 . 23 15 :3 . "" . . "" . "" .(2008 ) .(3 ) . 22 . : .(2008 ) " " " .(2007) " 636 . "" 24. 3850 . . . "(Programa de Asignacion Familiar) " . . . . . . 24 . 16 . . - "" 11 .(Bankable Frontier Associates 2009) Mzansi "" . " " . "Banco do Brasil" 25. 12.4 . "1 " . 26 . "" .(Bankable Frontier Associates 2009) : . . . . ( FSD ) . " " "susu " .(2 ) .(Deshpande 2006) ( 30 ) . . ) . ( .( ) ) 337 ( .(2006 ) 27. .() 25 26 . .(2008) 27 17 :2 . . . . . . . . . ) . (2009 . ) . .( · . . . " FSD" " .2009 / " . . . . . . . . ( ) : -- . -- · -- 18 . . 60 . . . " . "" " " " FSD" " . . "1 " "" " " . . · . ( 60) " " . . "" . . 125 : .(2008 ) "" "State Bank of India" · . 125 : " " 2008- 1 .(State Bank of India 2008) 2007 . . . . 2008 . " " . . 170 . . . . · 19 -- -- . . : . . ) . .( . . ) . ( . . . . 20 :1 34 48 1- ) ( 495 504,784 576 1,500,000 " " 15 2,000,000 100 17 500,000 17 5,300,000 26 723,864 28 1,200,000 (Juancito Pinto) 9 3,250 468 12,400,000 60 3,850 45 4,185 162 268,000 (Chile Solidario) 122 1,200,000 (Subsidio Unitario Familiar) 68 22,000,000 88 1,500,000 7 3,900,000 (Cajas de Compensacion Familiar) 342 380,961 (Prospera) 360 10,000 - (SubsidioCondicionado a la Asistencia Escolar) 410 100,000 283 461,446 (Solidaridad) 318 1,060,416 (Bono de Desarrollo Humano) 90 100,000 (Red Solidaria) 480 250,000 (Mi Familia Progresa) 350 150 (Chemen Lavi Miyo) 113 240,000 (Programa de Asignacion Familiar) 239 745,371 Keluarga Harapan 53 45,112,792 44 300,000 162 60,000 78 12,500 60 10,161 "" 57 330,000 (Jovenes con Oportunidades) 636 5,000,000 "" 121 36,000 4 2,200,000 30 13,265 30 455,259 / 300 70,000 (Red de Oportunidades) 107 19,800 (Juntos) 401 453,823 PCA 147 48,000 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 202 700,000 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 364 8,893,999 128 2,309,679 128 1,377,466 273 6,223 STC 306 855,906 35 10,000 114 8,200 : ( ) (2009) (1) : . () (3) (2) 21 "Banco de la Nacion" 2002 "Banco de la Nacion" 2002 2009 2004 2002 1994 2006 2008 "Caixa Economica " 2003 2005 2002 2002 1981 1999 (Ban Agrario) 2001 1949 1949 2005 (mobile wallet) 2006 2005 "Banred" 2003 2005 "BanRural" 2008 2007 "BANHCAFE" 1998 2007 2005 2001 2009 2004 2006 "" 2003 "" 1997 2008 2009 2006 2004 2006 2006 "Banco de la Nacion" 2005 2004 "Land Bank of the Philoppines" 2008 "" "1 " 1998 "" "1 " 1928 "" "1 " 1998 "Swazi Post" "Standard Bank" 2007 "Standard Bank" 2001 2007 2003 (6) (2008) (5) (Bankable Frontier Associates (2008 (4) () " " () (12) (2008) (11) (2008) (10) (2007) (9) (2009) (8) (2008) (7) (2008) . .(2009) . 22 :2 2- . . 10.5 12.6 2- 1,000,000 1 12 / 2 2.00 // 3 ( ) 1.59 // 4 100 / / ()5 400 ( ) ()5 ()5 ()5 1 4,000,000 ( ) 2.00 ( ) ()5 2.00 ()5 ( ) 1 ()5 ()5 4,000,000 ( ) ()5 400 ) ()5 ( ) ()5 1 10,000 ()5 ( ()5 ()5 4,000,000 ( ) ()5 ()5 ()5 ()5 12,000,000 ( ) ()5 .2 1 ()5 1.00 // ()5 ) ( 3 1 2,000,000 ()6 ( ) 60 ()6 120,000,000 ()6 ( ) 12 ()5 1 12,000,000 ( ) ()7 2 1 95,400,000 // ()7 4 ()7 ()7 107,400,000 ()7 ( ) ()7 ()6 12,600,000 ( ) 8 .()6 8 10.5 (%) 9 23 : .2006 . .37 . ./ : Ashraf, N., Dean Karlan, and W. 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