‫‪E4557 v2‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪(CDR‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫)‪(LMSEP‬‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫)‪(ESMF‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹼﺬﻱ ﺃﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESMF‬ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ )ﺡ‪.‬ﻝ‪ (.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪،٢٠١١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﹼ‬ ‫ﻓﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ ﳓﻮ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻻﺟﺊ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟـ‪٪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻬﺪﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﲰﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄ‬ ‫ﹼﻂ ﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﶈﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﺮﻛ‬ ‫ﹼﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﻇ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻭ ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﱁ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﹼﱵ ﲢﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﺎﻓﲔ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍِﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪(...‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟّ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪّﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻬﻮﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﳊﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪ‪/‬ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ (i) :‬ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺿﺦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻬﺎﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻬﺎﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﻭﺣﺮﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ؛ )ﺏ( ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺻﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻏﺮﻑ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻋﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ؛ )ﺝ( ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﻓﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺪ )ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ(؛ ﻭ )‪ (iv‬ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺰﺯ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ١٠،٠٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻭ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻃﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻼﺕ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ّﺔ )‪(ESMF‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻪ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺸﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫‪‬ﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﲟﺎ ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧ‬ ‫‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ‪ OP 4.01‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ ً‬ ‫)‪.(ESMF‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESMF‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺪﳎﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪(ESFM‬‬ ‫ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﱪﹰﺍ‬ ‫ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESFM‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ OP 4.01‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﹸﺃﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪(ESFM‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﳛﺪ‬ ‫ﹼﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﺍﳌﻄﺒ‬ ‫‪‬ﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻓﺮﺯ ﻭﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳏﻔ‬ ‫ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻔﺬﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟ‬ ‫‪‬ﺢ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺬﺓ ﳌﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪(ESFM‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESFM‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬﺓ )ﺃﻱ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ )ﻡ‪.‬ﺇ‪.‬ﺇ‪ . (CDR (.‬ﻭﲤﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺮﺋﻴﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳ‪‬ﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESFM‬ﻭ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻈ‪‬‬ ‫ﻤﺖ ﰲ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﺎﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺛﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﹼ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎﺋ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪/‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ .٢٠١٤‬ﲤ‬ ‫ﹼﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﹼ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﱐ‬ ‫)‪ (ESFM‬ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﹼ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪/‬ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ ‪ ،٢٠١٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪(ESFM‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪/‬ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ ‪.٢٠١٤‬‬ ‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜ‪‬ﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺕ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﹼ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺬﻟﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﹼﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻋﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﹼ‬ ‫ﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻄﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳊﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﰎ ﲣﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ )‪ (ESMPs‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪(EH & S‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪‬ﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﺎﱄ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻟﲔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ‬ ‫)‪(ESMPs‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (ESFM‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﳋﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ )‪ (ESMPs‬ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٥‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ّﺔ )‪(ESFM‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESFM‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ )ﺃ( ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﹼﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻤﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭ)ﺏ( ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESFM‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ )‪(ESMPs‬‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻭ‪ RAPs‬ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ . OP 4.01.‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ " ﺏ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ )ﺝ( ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ "ﺃ" ﻣﺆ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻋﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﻛﻤ‪‬ﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺋﻞ )ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳ‪‬ﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺜﻘﺎﻓ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ )ﺃ( ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺪ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪ ،(ESFM‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻀﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﹼ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺍﻹﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESFM‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺍﺽ ﲤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﹼﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹼﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﶈﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﹼﲔ ﻷﻣﻼﻙ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ(‪ .‬ﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺳﻴﺤﻔ‬ ‫ﹼﺰ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪‬ﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻠﺒﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﺘﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻃﲔ )‪ (RPF‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﻃﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺮﻳﺔ ‪ . OP 4.12.‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹼ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺒﺪﺃ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﻃﲔ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹼﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ )‪ (ESIA‬ﻭ‪ RAPs‬ﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻫ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪(ESFM‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﻃﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﺴﻔﺮ ﻏﺮﺑﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ ESIA‬ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻀ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺮﺭﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺔ ﻋﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒ‪‬ﻴﻦ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫‪(ESMP) -‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻋﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﳏﻠﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺒﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻳﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭ )ﺝ( ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩﺓ ﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻐﺮﺑﻠﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ)‪ . (EMPs‬ﺳﺘﻮﻓ‬ ‫ﹼﺮ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺭﺻﺪ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪(ESIA‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭ‪‬ﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESMF‬ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ )ﺃ( ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻲ‪/‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ‪ ، EMPs‬ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻌﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺮﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Screening  for social,  ‬‬ ‫‪and environmental ‬‬ ‫‪Identification of ‬‬ ‫‪impacts (check ‬‬ ‫‐‪Sub‐project approved in‬‬ ‫‪sub-project by ‬‬ ‫‪safeguards WB  policies, ‬‬ ‫‪principle by  CDR (PMU).‬‬ ‫‪municipality ‬‬ ‫)‪other eligibility criteria‬‬ ‫‪Prepare TORs for ESIA and RAP;  ‬‬ ‫‪Recruit ESIA  Expert ‬‬ ‫‪WB approves ‬‬ ‫‪Undertakes, prepare EMP  ‬‬ ‫‪(RAP) for review by CDR ‬‬ ‫‪Revisit‬‬ ‫‪(PMU) ‬‬ ‫‪Proceed with implementation:  Capture ESMP into Contract for ‬‬ ‫‪Civil Works,  Undertake Impact Mitigation and Monitoring in ‬‬ ‫‪line with ESMP.  Prepare routine  Monitoring  Reports, Annual ‬‬ ‫‪Fiduciary Audit Reports ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :١‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪(ESMF‬‬ ‫ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ‬ ‫ﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫‪ .٦‬ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌّ‬ ‫ﺻﹰ‬ ‫ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESMF‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﹼﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫)‪ .(CHUD‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻂ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪ (ESMF‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ؛ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ‪EMPs‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ،CHUD‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ )‪ (PMU‬ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ ، (ESMF‬ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻏﺮﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺌﻲ ﻳﻌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﻪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ PMU‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻏﺮﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ‪ ESIA‬ﻭﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ،EMPs‬ﻭﺳﻴﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ EMPs‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ّﺔ )‪(ESMF‬‬ ‫‪ .٧‬ﻣﺘﻄ ﹼ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )‪ (ESMF‬ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑـ ‪ ٢٠٠،٠٠٠‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺭ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ، CHUD‬ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲤﺎﺷﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ‪ ESIA‬ﻭﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪EMPs‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ )ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ( ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫‪١-١‬‬ ‫ﻠﺎﺟﺌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺣﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺴﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ،٢٠١١‬ﺗﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﹼﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻟﹼ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺆ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳﺴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻻﺟﺊ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٪٢٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹼﺟﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺭﻳﻮﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺋﻒ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﳑ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﺗﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺟﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٪٣٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺇﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٤٤٠‬ﳐﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻢ ﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻏﲑ ﺭﲰﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓ‪‬ﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ ٢،٥‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻱ )‪ (ESIA‬ﺃ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻗﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻻﺯﻣﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹼﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﲔ ‪ ٢٠١٤-٢٠١٢‬ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠ‬ ‫‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺒ‬ ‫‪‬ﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﺡ ﻭﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺄﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺬﻟﺔ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺯﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﰲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﲔ ‪-٢٠١٢‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﻖ ﺑﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ .‬ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪ ١٤‬ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٧١‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻃﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﹼﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺶ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻼ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻳﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻠ‪‬ﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﻲ ﺍﳍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﹼﻞ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﲢﺪ‬ ‫ﻠﺎﺟﺌﲔ ﻭﺃﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﺨﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮ‪‬ﺗﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻘﻆ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﻔﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺒ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﲔ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺎﻗﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻹﳚﺎﰊ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﻩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﲔ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮ‪‬ﺗﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹼﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﹼ‬ ‫ﺇﹼ‬ ‫ﹼﺰ ﺍﻟﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻀﺮﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﺮﻛ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺬﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﻲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺪﻑ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺤﺘ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ‬ ‫‪ ٢-١‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ؛ )ﺏ( ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺟﺔ؛ ﻭ )ﺝ(‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ )ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ‪١‬ﺃ(‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ‪ :١‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ )ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ‪١‬ﺏ( ﰲ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١١‬ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﻠﲔ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹼﺬﻱ ﲨﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﲣﺼﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﺍﳌﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ‪ ،UNHCR‬ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﻛﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﹼ‬ ‫ﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺇﳊﺎﺣﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﰲ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺗﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﺆﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺼﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻘﻞ؛ )ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺤ‪‬ﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻀ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺮﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ )ﺃ( ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ؛ ﻭ)ﺝ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﲑﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ )‪١‬ﺃ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻓﺴﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ؛ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ؛ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ؛ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﹼﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ )ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺍﺕ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﹼﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﻼﺗﺮ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺍﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ( ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ(‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ )‪١‬ﺃ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﹼﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻄﹼ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﹼﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻘﻖ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺨﺒﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﹼﺜﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺨﺒﲔ ﻭﳑﹼﺜﻠﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ )‪١‬ﺏ( ﻓﺴﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹼﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪﻫﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﹼ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮ‪‬ﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎ ﲢﻀﲑ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﲎ ﺑﺎﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗ‬ ‫‪‬ﻌﲎ ﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹼﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﹼ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹼﻖ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ‪ :٢‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮ‬ ‫ّﺭﺓ ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹼﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﲰﺎﺩ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ .‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﹼﻌﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﳏﻄ‬ ‫ﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺬﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹼﱵ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﳐ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻜﱪ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻇ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﹼﻠﺐ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﹼﻟﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻷﻛﱪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻲ ﳛﺮ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﹼﺜﻔﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺨﺒﲔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺴﺎﻕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﺜﻠﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻭﺳﺘﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ‪ :٣‬ﺩﻋﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺃﻱ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﹼﻲ ﺍﳌﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻮﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ )‪ (PMU‬ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻐﻄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﲔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ )ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ(‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺗﺤﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ )‪١‬ﺃ( ﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺮﻛﻴﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺘﺠﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻜﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻧﲔ ‪١‬ﺃ ﻭ‪٢‬‬ ‫ﹼﻖ ﺑﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺣﺎﻟ‪‬ﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﲜﻮﻻﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ )‪١‬ﺏ( ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﹼ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ )‪١‬ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﹼﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪﻭﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻭﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﳝﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﻝ ﺍﳌﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٣-١‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪١-٣-١‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺩ‬ ‫‪‬ﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫‪‬ﺰﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﳑ‬ ‫ﹼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺠﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﺛ‬ ‫ﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﶈﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜ‪‬ﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﳑﺜﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﲤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺗ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺳﺘﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺣﺎﲰﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻛ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻭﳍﺎ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﲡﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﳍﺎ ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١١‬ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻔﻮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ‪ UNHCR‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﻴﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﺍﳊﺼ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻓﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ؛ )ﺝ( ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺕ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﳌﺎﳓﲔ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﻦ؛ )ﺏ( ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻹﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ؛ ﻭ)ﺩ( ﺟﻬﻮﺯﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻈﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺿﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻭﻱ ﳎﺘﻤﻌ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺔﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٢٣٠،٠٠٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ‪ ١٦٤‬ﺑﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ )ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟـ ‪ ٪٢٨‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻠﲔ ﺑﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪/‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ‪.٢٠١٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﲑﺓ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ‬ ‫•‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺩ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ‪ -‬ﺭﺍﺷﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺗ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ‪ -‬ﺭﺍﺷﻴﺎ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺯﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺭ )ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ(‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻮﺏ )ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺷﺒﻌﺎ ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ(‬ ‫•‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺣﻠﻲ )ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺒﻨﲔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﺓ ‪ -‬ﻋﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﴰﺎﻝ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ(‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻄﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺖ )ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﻠﺒﺎ ‪ -‬ﻋﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﴰﺎﻝ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ(‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ )ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﹼﺬﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ(‬ ‫‪٢-٣-١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻊ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﹼ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺣﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﲡﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻓﻠﻚ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻮﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﰎ ﻭﺿﻌ‬ ‫‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ )‪ ، (CHUD‬ﺍﹼﻟﱵ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﹼﻟﱵ ﹼ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻃﻮ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺣﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺷﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺧﱪﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺘﲔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻇﺒﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻛﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﺪﺕ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ ‪ CHUD‬ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‪‬ﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺼﲔ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻀﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻭﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺕ ﻓ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ )ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻌﻘﺪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﳑﺜﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١١‬ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﺴﺒﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ )ﺃ( ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪) ،‬ﺏ( ﺩﻋﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺗﺴﺎﻕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ )‪١‬ﺏ(‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﻮﺯﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺋﻴﺴﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﻘﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻔﺬﺓ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﻣﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺗﻪ ﲟﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﲑ )ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫‪‬ﺰﻭﺡ( ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﲤﻨﺢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﹼﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻬﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻬﺪﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﶈ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺛﺔ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ّ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺋﺘﻤﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪٣-٣-١‬‬ ‫ﻔﺬﺓ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺋﺘﻤﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪ LSCTF‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺻ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺋﺘﻤﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻥ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪ ،LSCTF‬ﻓﺈ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺮﺭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﲣﺼﻴﺺ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻔﺬﺓ ﺳﺘﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺡ ﻻﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻨﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﳐ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ّﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ّﺔ‬ ‫‪ ٤-١‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪١-٤-١‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﻬ‬ ‫‪‬ﺪ‪/‬ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﻠ‪‬ﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺟ‬ ‫ﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﶈﻄﺎﺕ ﺿﺦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻬﺎﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻬﺎﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺍﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﺨﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺍﺕ ﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ؛ )ﺏ( ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻧ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺻﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻏﺮﻑ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﺇﺿﺎﻓ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻼﻋﺐ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﻋﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﳎﺘﻤﻌ‪‬ﻴﺔ؛ )ﺝ( ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﻓﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺪ )ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺭ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﺍﱄ(؛ ﻭ )‪ (iv‬ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺰﺯ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ ١٠،٠٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻭ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻃﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻼﺕ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ‬ ‫ّﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ّﺔ )‪(ESMF‬‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪٢-٤-١‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺗﺘﻀ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻤﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﹼ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﺇﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺓ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ‪.OP.4.01‬‬ ‫ﹼﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳏ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻠﺐ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺃ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻭﺗﺘﻄﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ . ESMF‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﱵ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺪﺩ ﻭﺗﻘ‪‬ﻴﻢ ﻭﲣ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻔﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻨﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﲤﻜﲔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ )‪ (ESSF‬ﳑ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ESSF‬ﺃﻳﻀﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪/‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﳛﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻭﻓﻘﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (ESMP‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﺺ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ESMP‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ ‪ - OP 4.01‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪ ESMF‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻮﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﺘﺴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺭﺃﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻲ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩٨١‬ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩٩٣‬ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٢١٦‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ )ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ( ﻭﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﻭﻻﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺃﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫•ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ؛ ﻭ‬ ‫•ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰎ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٢١٦‬ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻢ ‪ ٩٤/٥٥٩١‬ﻭ‪ ٩٧/٦٦٧‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛ ‪ (١‬ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺎ‪ (٢ ،‬ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪(٣ ،‬‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺙ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻭ‪ (٤‬ﺇﺩﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ، (CZM‬ﻭﺑﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٢٠٠٥/٦٩٠‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬ ‫•ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻝ‪CZM‬؛‬ ‫•ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ‪ CZM‬ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ؛‬ ‫•ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻝ ‪:‬‬ ‫•ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬ ‫•ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺿﻲ )ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫•ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫•ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ؛‬ ‫•ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ؛ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﲣﺎﺫ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫•ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻭﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﲢﻘﻘﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪ ،٢٠٠٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ - ٤٤٤‬ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٤٤٤‬ﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻜﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺰﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺮﺩ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ‪/‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ )ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ( ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ )ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ( ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ )ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ )‪ ، (MoPWT‬ﻋﱪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ‪ (HCUP) HCUP‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﻼﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ )ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ( ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﻛﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ )‪ (CDR‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﻭﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻨﺤﺖ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻻﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ )ﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ(‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻮﱃ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻭ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٢٠٠٠/٢٢١‬ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺰﺯﺕ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻳﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬ ‫•ﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ؛‬ ‫•ﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﻭﺿﻊ ﳐﻄﻂ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ؛ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ )‪ (COM‬ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫•ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﳎﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷ‪‬ﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫•ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ؛ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ )‪(MoPWT‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪) ١٩٥٩/٢٨٧٢‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ( ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ‪CZM.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ )ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ (١٩٧١/١٦١١‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﱐ )‪ (DGUP‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﲣﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻹﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ( ﻭﻗﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪DGUP‬ﻳﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺎﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ )ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ،(١٩٩٨/١٣٣٧٩‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ ﻭﻳﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﲡﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﲣﺎﺫ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﱐ )‪(HCUP‬‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﱐ )‪ (HCUP‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪) ١٩٨٣‬ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ (١٩٨٣/٦٩‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﳑﺜﻠﲔ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،MoPWT ،MoIM ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﲔ‪ .‬ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ( ﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ‬ ‫•ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ‬ ‫•ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫•ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺮﺍﺧﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﲣﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫•ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ‪:‬‬ ‫•ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻔﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‪-‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﱁ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ )ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ﰲ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﱁ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ؛ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ؛ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺨﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪. ٢٠٠٠/٤٠٨٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﰊ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﰲ ‪‬ﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ CZM‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ؛ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ؛‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﰲ ‪ CZM‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻔﺎﺭﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﻛﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻞ ‪MoPWT.‬ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻧﺊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﺊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ )‪(CDR‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ - ١٩٧٧‬ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ ﳏﻞ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺗﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻄﺊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ‪ (COM).‬ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ١٩٧٧/٥‬ﺍﶈﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ‪ ٤‬ﳏﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ )ﻁ( ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‪) ،‬ﺏ( ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ‪) ،‬ﺝ( ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺩ( ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ‪:‬‬ ‫•ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﻂ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ؛ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﲤﺸﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‪ COM‬؛‬ ‫•ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ COM‬؛‬ ‫•ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ COM‬ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ‬ ‫•ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﰲ ‪ COM‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺲ؛‬ ‫•ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺲ؛‬ ‫•ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ؛‬ ‫•ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫•ﺗﺄﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ‪ COM‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﳓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫•ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻯ ﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﻂ‬ ‫•ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ COM‬ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ )ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ‪).‬‬ ‫•ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﳊﺼﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺧﻴﺺ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺧﻴﺺ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﳍﻢ ‪COM.‬‬ ‫•ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪COM‬‬ ‫•ﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺧﻄﺔ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻻﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻝ‪ ،CZM‬ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻣﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪COM‬‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻨﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ )ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺨﺐ( ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ )ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ(‪ .‬ﳝﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ،١٩٧٧/١١٨‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ‪:‬‬ ‫•ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ؛‬ ‫•ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺯﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻊ ﳑﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ؛‬ ‫•ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬ ‫•ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛‬ ‫•ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ)‪ (DGUP‬؛‬ ‫•ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬ ‫•ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ؛ ﻭ‬ ‫•ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺎﺭﻳﺢ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٥ ٢‬ﶈﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ؛ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻣﲏ ﻋﻜﺴﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪2002‬ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ‪ ١/٥‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ "ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﻴﺌﻲ ﺃﻭﱄ "‬ ‫‪2002‬ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ‪ ٦/١‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻼﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٠٠٢‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪٤٤٤‬‬ ‫‪2002‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٤٣٢‬ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻬﻮﱂ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2002‬ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ٨٠١٨‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ‪ .‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ )ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‪،VI ،III ،II ، I‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ‪).‬‬ ‫‪2001‬ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ‪ ١/٥‬ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭ ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2001‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٣٤١‬ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ 'ﺧﻀﺮﺓ' ﻭﻗﻮﺩ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺜﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2001‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٣٧٧‬ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (MHER‬ﰲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ )ﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ(‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﻭﴰﺎﻝ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2000‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ‪ EIA‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﲢﺖ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2000‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٢٤١‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ‪. ٤‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ٢٠٠٠ ٢٢١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ‪ ٢٢‬ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ‪ ٢١٦‬ﰲ ‪٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺺ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1997‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ‪ ٦٢٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ onwater‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﲎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1997‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ١/٧١‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1996‬ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ‪ ١/٥٢‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1996‬ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ‪ ١/٤٠‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪١/٢٢‬‬ ‫‪1995‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ١/٢٢‬ﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1994‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٣٨٧‬ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1991‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٥٨‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ‪٢٠٠٦/٠٨/١٢‬‬ ‫‪1988‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٨٨/٦٤‬ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺮ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1972‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ٦٧‬ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1966‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٦٦/٦٨‬ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1933‬ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ٢٧٦١‬ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ١٩٣٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ L ١٦‬ﻭﻳﻔﻮﺽ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻋﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ‪ /‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ‪ .‬ﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪. ٢٦/٣٢٠‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﻣﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳜﻀﻊ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٢٠٠٢/٤٤٤‬ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ(‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻣﻊ ‪m3 / ٢٥٠‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﲔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ٤٤٤‬ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ )ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ(؛ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ؛ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ؛ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ )ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ(؛ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ )ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﺓ ‪).‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺪﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ )ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫‪ .(٢٠٠٢/٤٤٤‬ﻭﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻝ ﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺮﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ ‪ EIA‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ( )‪ (IEE‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻖ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪).‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ،١/٨‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪ ٢٠٠١/١/٣٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎﺕ ‪ /‬ﳛﻞ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ١/٥٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ )‪ (NSEQ‬ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ،١/٥٢‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪ ١٩٩٦/٧/٢٩‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬ Particulate Inorganic Pollutants Group IV Group III Group II Group I Sb, Pb, Cr, CN, F, Cu, Mn, Pt, Pd, Rh, V, As, Co, Ni, Se, Te Cd, Hg, TI - Sn Gaseous Inorganic Pollutants Group IV Group III Group II Group I HCl not HBr, Cl2, HCN, HF, H2S AsH3, ClCN, COCl2, HP SOX, NOX mentioned at Group I Cancer causing pollutants Group IV Group III Group II Group I Asbestos, Benzo(a)pyren, Beryllium and its breathable compounds calculated Arsenic Oxides, several Chrome as Be, Dibenz(a,h) anthracen, 2-Napthylamin (VI) and Chrome (III). Combinations calculated as Cr, Cobalt, Nickel and its breathable compounds calculated as Co/ Ni, 3,3’-Dichlorbenzeden, Acrylnitril, Benzene, 1,3-Butadien, 1- Dimethylsulphate Ethylenimin Chlor-2,3-epoxypropan (Epychlorhydrin), 1,2-Dibromethane, 1,2- - Epoxypropane, Ethyleneoxide, Hydrazine, Vynilchloride ‫‪2.6‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﲤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﻴﺌﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪• OP 4.01‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 4.04‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 4.09‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 4.11‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 4.12‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻃﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺮﻳﺔ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 4.10‬ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﲔ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 4.36‬ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 4.37‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺩ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 7.50‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫‪• OP 7.60‬ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ، ESMF‬ﰎ ﻓﺤﺺ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺿﺪ ‪ ١٠‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪OP 4.01 ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪OP 4.12 ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻃﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺮﻳﺔ‪OP / BP 4.09 ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪worldbank.org.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ )‪(OP 4.01‬‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،C ،B ،A ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ ، FI‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺧﻔﺾ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺷﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﰎ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ "‪ "B‬ﻣﻨﺬ ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻃﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺮﻳﺔ )‪(OP 4.12‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻮﺩﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ ﳑﻜﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻧﺪﻳﺔ ﳛﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻃﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺧﻄﻂ )ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﻛﺸﺮﻁ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ WB‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺳﻴﺸﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ( ‪ OP 4.37‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺩ( ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱪﻙ ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺳﻠﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪OP‬‬ ‫‪4.10‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﻟﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺿﺪ ‪ OP 4.04‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭ ‪OP‬‬ ‫‪4.36‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﰲ ‪ ١٢‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .٢٠١٤‬ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﲏ ﻟﻞ ‪ESMF‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﲜﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫)ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪ CDR‬ﻭﻣﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻘﺪﻡ ﺭﲰﻴﺎ ‪ ESMF‬ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺗﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺪﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻭﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‪ .‬ﰎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﲤﻴﻞ ﺍﱃ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﲢﻀﺮﺍ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ LMSEP‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﺪﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3.1‬ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻫﻲ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻴﻒ ﺣﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﺎﻑ ﻭﺧﺮﻳﻒ )ﻣﺎﻳﻮ‪-.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‪ ،(.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺻﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ )ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ(‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ‪٠١٥،١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻢ )ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ٧٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﻭ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻫﻮ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ‪ ٣٩,٦‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﻕ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﲢﺪﺙ ﳊﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ° C. ٧‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺍ )‪ ٨٥‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ١٥‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ‪).‬‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺳﺘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺯﻏﺮﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪synclines‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻺﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ )ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ( ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ‪M3 / ٠٠٠،٥٠‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ‪ ، Racheine‬ﻭﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻫﺐ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ M3 / ٠٠٠،٤٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﻀﺒﻂ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻭﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﳓﻮ ‪ ٦٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﻀﺒﻂ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻱ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﻒ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺳﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪ ٧٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺑﻨﺎﺅﻩ ﰲ ‪ ٦٠‬ﻷﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺣﱴ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،٢٠٠٠‬ﻭﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪ ٠٠٠،٢٢٠‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻏﲑ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ ﺵ ﻣﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻃﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ )ﳓﻮ ‪ ١٣٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ( ﻻ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳉﺄﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻐﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻐﺬﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ‪‬ﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﺧﻄﲑﺍ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻠﻮﺛﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﺼﺐ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﲝﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﳉﻤﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ .‬ﺗﱪﺃ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺎﻕ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻴﻂ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺎﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٠,٦٥‬ﻛﺠﻢ ‪ /‬ﻓﺮﺩ ‪ /‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ ٣٨٢‬ﻃﻦ ‪ /‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻃﺎﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻠﻘﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺒﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻠﻘﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻏﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﳑﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ )‪ (SWEMP‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻭﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺎﺕ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺐ ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﺤﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺐ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻟﻸﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺿﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻭﺣﻈﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻀﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ ١٠‬ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﳝﺜﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﰎ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﳌﺰﺩﲪﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬ ‫)‪ ،(CO‬ﺛﺎﱐ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻳﺖ )‪ (SO2‬ﻭﺛﺎﱐ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﲔ )‪ (NO2‬ﻭﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳉﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ )‪(TSP‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﰲ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻝ ‪PM10‬ﻭ ‪SO2.‬ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻌﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ SO2‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﰎ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ )‪ (LEQ‬ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ )ﻓﻬﻮﺍ( ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ‪ ٧٢‬ﺩﻳﺴﻴﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﳕﻮﺍ ﻭﲢﻀﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺴﺖ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ‪ ٥٠‬ﺩﻳﺴﻴﺒﻞ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﰎ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻱ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪ ،٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٨‬ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺧﺘﲑﺕ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫)‪(LEQ‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪ ٦٠-٤٠‬ﺩﻳﺴﻴﺒﻞ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻛﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﻭ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺻﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻭﺃﻏﲎ ﺳﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﱐ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﻬﺎ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﲤﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﳏﺎﻃﺔ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺼﻴﻒ ﺟﺎﻑ ﻭﺷﺘﺎﺀ ﺭﻃﺐ ﻳﺴﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫‪ ٧٠٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٨٠٠‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ﺍﱃ ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻫﻲ ‪ ٣٧‬ﻭ ‪ ١٤‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٨٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻏﺴﻄﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ ‪ ١٠‬ﺇﱃ ‪ ١٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻭ ‪ ١٠‬ﺍﱃ ‪ ١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻢ‪ .‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻏﺴﻄﺲ ﺗﺴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﻨﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺘﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺪﺭ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪٤٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﳎﺰﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﺘﻴﻤﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﲣﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺏ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﳉﲑﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﺷﲑﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﰊ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻳﻮﺳﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻶﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺴﻮﺀ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﱂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳜﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﺮﺏ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺿﺦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‪ .‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻄﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻐﲑ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﳘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﻳﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺏ‬ ‫‪ ٠٠٠،١٠‬ﺇﱃ ‪ m3/day ٦٠٠،٦ ٠٠٠،١٥‬ﻭ‪ ،m3/day‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪ .‬ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻲ ‪ Ouadi‬ﺟﻴﻠﻮ )‪ ٠٠٠،١٥‬ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪ m3/day). ٠٠٠،٢٠‬ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺩﻡ ﻛﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻟﺘﺮ ‪ /‬ﺝ ‪ /‬ﺩ ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪ ٢٦٠‬ﻟﺘﺮ ‪ /‬ﺝ ‪ /‬ﺩ )ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ .(٢٠٤٠‬ﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﶈﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﳌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﺦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :(٢٨‬ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺪﻡ ﻛﻼ ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ )ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﻣﻢ(‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺰﺟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺵ ﺑﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﳑﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﻓﻴﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﰲ ‪ ٩،٠-٧،٠‬ﻛﺠﻢ ‪ /‬ﻓﺮﺩ ‪ /‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٤٩‬ﺻﻮﺭ ﻃﻦ ‪ /‬ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ )ﰲ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )‪Bawabeh‬‬ ‫ﻭﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺣﲑﺍﻡ ﳑﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺴﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﲰﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،٢٠١١‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪operianal‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﳜﺪﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺻﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﺎﺯ ‪ SO2‬ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ‪ PM10‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﻭﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺐ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ )ﺣﲑﺍﻡ( ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﺰﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﺷﺎﺭﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ( ﺧﻼﻝ ﺫﺭﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﲑﺓ ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﺰﻯ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺒﻮﻁ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ )‪ (LEQ‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪ ٦٠-٤٥‬ﺩﻳﺴﻴﺒﻞ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﺃﺩﱏ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ )ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﶈﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ( ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ )ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﱁ ‪).‬‬ ‫‪3.3 Baalabek‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ‪ ٨٦‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ١٠٠،١‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻴﻂ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﴰﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﺟﻮﺑﻴﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﻭ‪ ،Bachus‬ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪Bouleuterion.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳌﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﰲ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﱵ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺣﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﺎﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ﻭﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٤١٠‬ﻣﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫‪ ٪٥٦‬ﻟﻴﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ ٦٧‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﻔﺾ ﺇﱃ ‪ ٤٦‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ‪oC ٦,٢‬ﰲ ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﺎﻁ ﻟﻴﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻦ ‪oC. ١٥‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﻟﻠﺒﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﱵ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﴰﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺷﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‪ ، Turonian‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ‪ (Loujouj‬ﻭﻋﲔ )‪ Bordai‬ﻭﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ‪ m3/day. ٦٥٠،١٩‬ﰲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻸﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺵ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﱰﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﰎ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ‪(Oumouchki‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ )‪ Moudawar‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪ m3/day. ٧٠٠،٢٣‬ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪٤٤٧٩٠‬‬ ‫‪m3/day.‬ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻌﺔ ‪ M3 / ٧٥٠،١٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪٥٠‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ،٢٠١٧‬ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ‪ ١١٠‬ﻟﺘﺮ ‪ /‬ﺝ ‪ /‬ﺩ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٠٠٧‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ ١٢٢‬ﻟﺘﺮ ‪ /‬ﺝ ‪ /‬ﺩ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .٢٠١٧‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ ﰎ ﲡﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺬ ‪s. ١٩٧٠‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﺮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ ٣٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﻬﺎﺭﻳﺞ ﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٠٠١‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﲨﻊ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺴﺢ ‪ ١٩٩٧‬ﺃﻥ ‪ ٦٠,٥‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،٢٠١٧‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٣٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺃﻱ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ ٧٥‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳉﺬﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ ٢٣‬ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﰲ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ٦٠٠-١٥٠‬ﻣﻢ( ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺷﻴﺖ ﻭﰎ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺒﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﻀﺒﻂ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﳏﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻱ )ﺍﳊﻤﺄﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻄﺔ( ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ‪ ٢‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‪ .‬ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻊ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫‪ M3 / ٥٠٠،١٢‬ﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﻝ‪ m3/day ٠٠٠،٢٥‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .٢٠٠٨‬ﰎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﳏﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ ٤٥‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻃﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﺮﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺁﻝ ﻛﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺘﺎﲬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮﺍﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺟﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻹﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﻀﺒﻂ ﻭﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳊﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﲡﺮﻱ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﻌﺎﺵ ﻭﲰﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺐ ﺻﺤﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻜﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ ٣,٣‬ﻛﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻃﻦ ‪ /‬ﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﲣﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﱪﺃ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﲔ ﺵ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﺒﻊ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ؛ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺳﻠﱯ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺟﻮﺑﻴﺘﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺵ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻝ ‪PM10‬ﻭ ‪SO2‬ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻮﺩﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﻛﻼ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ‪ SO2‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻭﺓ ﻇﻬﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ )‪ (LEQ‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪ ٦٠-٤٠‬ﺩﻳﺴﻴﺒﻞ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﺎﺧﺒﺔ ﲡﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺪﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻭﺻﻮﺭ ﻭ ‪Baalabek‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﹼ‬ ‫ﲤﺖ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﺑﺸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﹼﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﺬﻳﻦ ﹼ‬ ‫ﲤﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﺪﺧﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺛ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ‬ ‫‪‬ﻲ ﲣﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﳘﺖ ﻣﺪﺧﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﺻﻌﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪. ESMF‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﲡﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﱄ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (ESIA‬ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﳌﻤﺜﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ )ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ(‪ .‬ﻭ ﹼ‬ ‫ﲤﺖ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ‪ UE‬ﻭﻣﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻉ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪OHCHR‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺔ ‪ ILO‬ﻭﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ‪ IMF‬ﻭﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻼﺟﺌﲔ ‪ ،UNHCR‬ﻭﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴﻜﻮ ‪ UNESCO‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﻴﺴﻴﻒ ‪ UNICEF‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺴﻜ‬ ‫ﹼﺎﻥ ‪ ،UNFPA‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺋﻲ ‪ ،UNDP‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻮﺍ ‪ ،UNESCWA‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ )ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺋﻞ( ‪ ،UN-Habitat‬ﺍﻷﻭﻧﺮﻭﺍ ‪ ،UNRWA‬ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌ‪‬ﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ‪UN‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ‪.WHO‬‬ ‫‪ ،Women‬ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ‪ FAO‬ﻭﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ‪ ،WFP‬ﻭﻣﻨ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﳘﺎﺕ ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ؛ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻘﻞ؛ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ؛ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺔ؛ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ؛‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ؛ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ؛ ﻭﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺪﻡ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺑﺘﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺷﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﲰﲑ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻻﻥ ﺑﻴﻔﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻣ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ )‪ (PMU‬ﺪﻑ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪ LMSE‬ﻭﻧﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﲢﻔﻴﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ ‪ . CHUD‬ﻭ ﹼ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳﺔ ‪ CHUD‬ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹼﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﹼﺮﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺗ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﰎ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ؛ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﺎ؛ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ؛ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺯﺣﻠﺔ؛ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ؛ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺖ ﰲ ﴰﺎﻝ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗ‬ ‫‪‬ﺠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺇﺗ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺩ ﻭﺑﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺀﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪‬ﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻸﻭﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ّﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ّﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﻭﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :RPF‬ﲤﺎﺷﻴﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹼ‬ ‫ﰎ ﰲ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳌﱪﳎﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﰎ ّﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺿﻤ‬ ‫‪‬ﺖ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺔ ‪ ESMF‬ﻭﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻥ ‪ RPF‬ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻀﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١١‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪ ١٣‬ﳑﺜ‬ ‫ﹼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﹼﻠﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺗ‬ ‫‪‬ﺤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﳑﺜ‬ ‫‪‬ﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺿﺎﻫﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﻜ‬ ‫ﹼﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟـ‪ ١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺁﺫﺍﺭ ‪ ٢٠١٤‬ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﲡﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﺑﻄﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺳﺠ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪.٣‬‬