Ganga Basin Water Balances - Data Extraction and Analysis using Available Hydrological Model outputs Volume II: State Water Balance Analysis Report INRM Consultants Pvt Ltd., New Delhi Ganga Basin Water Balances - Data Extraction and Analysis using Available Hydrological Model outputs Final Report Volume II: State Water Balance Analysis Report Contract no: 7172090 Project Funded by: The World Bank, India INRM Consultants, New Delhi March 2015 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Scope of Work ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Methodology........................................................................................................................................... 3 Definitions of some of the key entities ............................................................................................... 3 Identification of High flow and Low flow year .................................................................................... 4 Scenarios for flow regime change analysis ......................................................................................... 5 Levels and Spatial Scales at which Outputs are Consolidated ............................................................ 6 Stream Flow and Water Balance at State (India) Level........................................................................... 9 Annual and Seasonal Stream Flow in BCM/year for Scenario A and Scenario B - State level ........ 9 Monthly Stream Flow in BCM/year - Scenario A - State (India) Level ......................................... 15 Monthly Stream Flow in BCM/year - Scenario B - State (India) Level .......................................... 22 Annual Water Balance BCM/year - Scenario A and Scenario B - State (India) Level .................... 29 Monthly Water Balance mm/month - Scenario A and Scenario B ............................................... 29 Sediment Flow at State Level ................................................................................................................ 31 Annual Sediment Flow in MT/year for Scenario A and Scenario B - State level ........................... 31 Monthly Sediment Flow in MT/month - Scenario A - State level ................................................. 34 Monthly Sediment Flow in MT/month- Scenario B - State level ................................................. 41 List of Figures Figure 1: Flow Chart showing High and Low Flow years for major tributaries of the Ganga river basin5 Figure 2: Index map of Ganga Basin - Output 2 at Administrative level -Indian States.......................... 6 Figure 3: Flow Chart depicting Presentation of Outputs ........................................................................ 7 Figure 4: Graph : Change in flow w.r.t. Scenario A and percentage reduction in flow - State Level .... 10 Figure 5: Graph: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level - Scenario A ...................................... 10 Figure 6: Graph: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level - Scenario ......................................... 11 Figure 7: Conceptual Diagram: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level - Scenario B and Ration of Scenario B to Scenario A ................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 8: Conceptual Diagram: Monsoon Stream flow (BCM/season) - State Level - Scenario B and Ration of Scenario B to Scenario A ....................................................................................................... 13 Figure 9: Conceptual Diagram: Non Monsoon Stream flow (BCM/season) - State Level - Scenario B and Ration of Scenario B to Scenario A ................................................................................................ 14 Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A ................ 15 Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B ................ 22 Figure 12: Spatial Depiction: Annual Water Balance Components (BCM/year) - State Level .............. 30 Figure 13: Graph : Annual Sediment flow (MT/year) - State Level - Scenario A .................................. 32 Figure 14: Graph : Annual Sediment flow (MT/year) - State Level - Scenario B .................................. 32 Figure 15: Spatial Depiction: Annual Sediment Flow (MT/year) - State Level ..................................... 33 Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A............... 34 Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B............... 41 List of Tables Table 1: Count of major basins of Ganga showing High Flow and Low Flow Years ................................ 4 Table 2: Stream Flow: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level ................................................... 9 Table 3: Catchment Water balance: Long term Average Annual Water Balance components - State (India) Level ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Table 4: Stream Flow: Annual Sediment flow (Million metric tons (MT)/year) - State Level .............. 31 DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Introduction As a key input to the World Bank lead Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment (SBA) and subsequent work on the Gangs River Basin Management Plan, hydrologic modelling of the Ganges Basin has been undertaken using the SWAT model. The modelling performed for SBA incorporated a baseline (current conditions) scenario and multiple scenarios of potential water resources development focused on hydro-power development in Nepal. Reporting from the modelling has been focused on the development scenarios and the costs and benefits stemming from these. Objective The main objective of this project is to construct and visualize water balance for the Ganga basin at different temporal and spatial scales. Scope of Work The main job of the consultant is to use data and outputs from the SWAT model to construct water balance for the Ganga basin at different spatial and temporal scales. The major tasks include: 1. On Spatial Scale: Construct water balance for: a. the entire Ganges Basin upstream of Farakka b. the Indian portion of the basin upstream of Farakka c. the Nepalese portion of the basin d. the Chinese portion of the basin e. each of the Indian states of the basin f. each of the districts (as per 2011 census) of Indian states of the basin (analysis at this spatial scale is restricted to water balance components expressed in terms of total depth of water in mm over the total district area). 2. On Temporal Scale: Water balance to be constructed at annual and calendar month level, for a. an average year b. a flood year (10th percentile) c. a drought year (90th percentile) 3. Water Balance Components: Water balance to be constructed including: a. Inflows to rivers of major tributaries b. Outflows from rivers of major tributaries c. Losses in river systems (Evapotranspiration, ground water recharge and conveyance loss), however quantifying loss due to water distribution efficiency and water use efficiency at different scales may not be possible d. Water Use: i. sectoral disaggregation (domestic, Industrial and agriculture) ii. major crop wise disaggregation. 4. Water Quality (model outputs for water quality parameters) of i. Sediment transport ii. BOD. 5. Indications of relative level of uncertainty a. wherever possible quantitatively (or qualitatively) b. list of additional data that would be required to reduce the uncertainty. 2 Introduction | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Analysis shall include monthly and daily flow duration curves, and descriptive statistics of monthly and annual flows (mean, 3 quartiles, temporal coefficient of variation). Methodology The information and the analysis provided here is the outcome of a detailed modeling exercise carried out using the SWAT hydrological model under the World Bank-led Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment (SBA) and some of the subsequent works on the hydrologic modelling of the Ganges Basin undertaken using the SWAT model. This report utilizes the following outputs: • River water balance o Components: Stream Flow - FLOW_IN and FLOW_OUT o Units: cumecs (m3/sec) o Description: Outflow = Inflow (upstream inflow+ generated in the catchment) - Use (irrigation +Domestic + Industrial) - Losses - change in storage o Spatial scale: At Country, State and major subbasins o Temporal scale: Long term average annual and monthly. • Catchment Water balance o Components: Water yield - WYLD, Actual evapotranspiration - ET o Units: mm o Description: WYLD = Rainfall - ET - change in storage. • Water Quality constituent balances o Components: Sediment yield, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) o Units: tons/ha, kg O2 o Description: Load out = Load in (upstream Load in + generated in the catchment) - deposition/sinks. Definitions of some of the key entities • Water yield (mm) - WYLD: The net amount of water that leaves the subbasin and contributes to stream flow in the reach during the time step. (WYLD = SURQ + LATQ + GWQ – TLOSS – pond abstractions) • Direct Surface runoff (mm - SURQ): Surface runoff contribution to stream flow during time step • Lateral flow (mm) - LATQ: Lateral flow contribution to stream flow during the time step • Base flow (mm) - GWQ: Groundwater contribution to stream flow (mm). Water from the shallow aquifer that returns to the reach during the time step • Actual evapotranspiration (mm) - ET: Actual evapotranspiration from the subbasin during the time step • Percolation (mm) - PERC: Water that percolates past the root zone during the time step (mm). There is potentially a lag between the time the water leaves the bottom of the root zone and reaches the shallow aquifer. Over a long period of time, this variable will be equal groundwater percolation. (Ground water Recharge = PERC-GWQ) • Sediment yield (tons/ha) - SYLD: Sediment from the subbasin that is transported into the reach during the time step 3 Introduction | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] • Stream In-Flow(m3/s) - FLOW_IN: Average daily stream flow into reach/stream (subbasin outlets) during the time step • Stream Out-Flow(m3/s) - FLOW_OUT: Average daily stream flow out of reach (subbasin outlets) during the time step • Biochemical oxygen demand-in (kg O2) - CBOD_IN: Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand of material transported into reach during the time step • Biochemical oxygen demand-out (kg O2) - CBOD_OUT: Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand of material transported out of reach during the time step. Spatial entities that have been defined for the study include: • the entire Ganges Basin upstream of Farakka • the Indian portion of the basin upstream of Farakka • the Nepalese portion of the basin • the Chinese portion of the basin • each of the Indian States in the basin. Temporal Scale include: • at annual and calendar month level for o long term annual average (long term basin average) o a high flow year (basin 10th percentile, single year) o a low flow year (basin 90th percentile, single year). Identification of High flow and Low flow year Specific years are identified as year of high flow and year of low flow based on stream flow from 1975-2004. Average annual flow of 20 locations (major basins and on main Ganga at Farakka) was analysed for high flow (10th percentile) and low flow (90th percentile). High and Low flow years were identified as those years which had maximum number of subbasins experiencing high and low flow. Table 1 and Figure 1 show the year wise basins falling in high and low flow year category. Accordingly 1985 and 1989 were identified as basin high flow year and basin low flow year respectively. Table 1: Count of major basins of Ganga showing High Flow and Low Flow Years High Flow Year No of Basins Low Flow Year No of Basins 1975 2 1976 2 1978 2 1977 1 1980 1 1979 1 1982 1 1981 1 1984 2 1987 2 1985 4 1989 5 1988 1 1992 1 1990 1 1994 1 1994 2 2001 1 1995 1 2004 2 4 Introduction | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] High Flow Year No of Basins Low Flow Year No of Basins 1996 2 2005 3 2001 1 Figure 1: Flow Chart showing High and Low Flow years for major tributaries of the Ganga river basin Scenarios for flow regime change analysis The following two scenarios have been constructed to represent two distinct flow regimes, representing i) pre-water resources development and ii) present flow regimes. Scenario A: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting catchment hydrology corresponding to the current landuse. Scenario B: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructure, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation. Note: Current crop management practices (irrigation from Surface and Ground water) + Point source (average BOD 5 Introduction | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] and the average sewage generation per capita and converting total load based on subbasin population) has been used. Levels and Spatial Scales at which Outputs are Consolidated Flow outputs (Inflow and outflow) in BCM (Billion Cubic Metre) are given, within States of India (Figure 2). Flow generated in terms of water balance components (Water Yield in mm, Evapotranspiration in mm and Sediment Yield in million metric tons within the spatial units as shown in Figure 2 has been analysed and aggregated. Figure 2: Index map of Ganga Basin - Output 2 at Administrative level -Indian States 6 Introduction | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Ganga Water Resources State (Indian) Stream Flow (BCM) Water Balance (mm): Precipitation, Water Yield, ET, Change in storage Scenario A Scenario B Scenario A Scenario B Annual Monthly Annual Monthly Annual Monthly Annual Monthly Graphs Graphs Graphs Graphs Graphs Graphs Graphs Graphs Tables Tables Tables Tables Tables Tables Tables Tables Layouts Layouts Layouts Layouts Layouts Layouts Layouts Layouts Figure 3: Flow Chart depicting Presentation of Outputs 7 Introduction | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Chapter 2 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level 8 Chapter 2 | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Stream Flow and Water Balance at State (India) Level Average annual stream flow and water balance have been aggregated at state level for scenario A and scenario B. Annual and Seasonal Stream Flow in BCM/year for Scenario A and Scenario B - State level Table 2 shows the average annual flow for long term average year. Table 2: Stream Flow: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level Abbrevi- Scenario A+ Scenario B++ Country ation Flow In Flow Out Flow In Flow Out Long-term Average Year: Stream Flow (BCM/year) Himachal HP 0.0 4.4 0.0 3.9 Pradesh Haryana HAR 5.1 7.9 4.4 4.6 NCT of Delhi DEL 6.4 6.7 5.0 4.8 Madhya MP 0.0 97.0 0.0 43.9 Pradesh Rajasthan RAJ 25.5 52.3 11.4 20.0 Uttarakhand UK 0.0 56.8 0.0 49.5 Chhattisgarh CHG 0.0 14.7 0.0 8.7 Uttar Pradesh UP 265.7 373.3 157.5 197.7 Jharkhand JHK 0.0 38.0 0.0 19.3 Bihar BIH 503.1 560.1 291.4 307.5 West Bengal WB 586.3 638.4 322.0 341.2 * India at Farakka + Scenario A: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversionsbut reflecting catchment hydrology corresponding to the current landuse ++ Scenario B: Current conditions: Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand with irrigation wherever applicable. Change in flow in Scenario B with respect to Scenario A along with percentage reduction in flow is shown in Figure 4. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the graphical representation. Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 depict annual, monsoon and non monsoon flows in BCM at state level for Scenario B and the ratio of Scenario B to Scenario A. 9 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] 1.0 13.0% 13.0% 47.0% 0.9 28.0% 45.0% 0.8 42.0% 41.0% 47.0% 55.0% 49.0% 0.7 62.0% 0.6 Fraction of Flow 0.5 0.87 0.87 0.4 0.72 0.3 0.58 0.59 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.53 0.2 0.45 0.38 0.1 0.0 Himachal Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand Madhya Rajasthan Chhattisgarh Haryana NCT of Delhi Jharkhand Bihar Pradesh West Bengal Pradesh Ratio of Flow (ScenarioB/Scenario A) Reduction of Flow (%) Figure 4: Graph : Change in flow w.r.t. Scenario A and percentage reduction in flow - State Level 800 Scenario A+ 700 600 Stream Flow (BCM/year) 500 400 300 200 100 0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB Flow In 0.0 5.1 6.4 0.0 25.5 0.0 0.0 265.7 0.0 503.1 586.3 Flow Out 4.4 7.9 6.7 97.0 52.3 56.8 14.7 373.3 38.0 560.1 638.4 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting catchment hydrology corresponding to the current landuse Figure 5: Graph: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level - Scenario A 10 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] 400 Scenario B+ 300 Stream Flow (BCM/year) 200 100 0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB Flow In 0.0 4.4 5.0 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 157.5 0.0 291.4 322.0 Flow Out 3.9 4.6 4.8 43.9 20.0 49.5 8.7 197.7 19.3 307.5 341.2 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation Figure 6: Graph: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level - Scenario 11 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 7: Conceptual Diagram: Annual Stream flow (BCM/year) - State Level - Scenario B and Ration of Scenario B to Scenario A 12 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 8: Conceptual Diagram: Monsoon Stream flow (BCM/season) - State Level - Scenario B and Ration of Scenario B to Scenario A 13 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 9: Conceptual Diagram: Non Monsoon Stream flow (BCM/season) - State Level - Scenario B and Ration of Scenario B to Scenario A 14 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Monthly Stream Flow in BCM/year - Scenario A - State (India) Level Long term average monthly stream flow has been aggregated at state level for scenario A. Figure 10 shows graphical representation of the long term monthly values of stream flow at state level. Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A 9.0 Scenario A+ 8.0 7.0 6.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB January Flow In 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 1.08 0.00 0.00 4.52 0.00 6.55 7.33 Flow Out 0.1 0.09 0.1 1.98 2.02 0.62 0.28 4.88 0.54 6.99 7.98 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 15 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A 5.0 Scenario A+ 4.5 4.0 3.5 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB February Flow In 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.68 0.00 0.00 3.36 0.00 4.12 4.24 Flow Out 0.21 0.2 0.21 1.04 1.22 0.85 0.15 3.12 0.24 4.09 4.45 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 6.0 Scenario A+ 5.0 4.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB March Flow In 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.00 4.16 0.00 4.91 4.59 Flow Out 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.61 0.81 1.71 0.08 3.5 0.08 4.53 4.58 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 16 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A 8.0 Scenario A+ 7.0 6.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB April Flow In 0.00 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 5.52 0.00 7.24 6.72 Flow Out 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.29 0.42 2.78 0.03 4.71 0.01 6.71 6.66 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 12.0 Scenario A+ 10.0 8.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB May Flow In 0.00 0.21 0.20 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 5.65 0.00 10.17 10.00 Flow Out 0.2 0.19 0.2 0.13 0.18 2.86 0.02 4.75 0.05 9.95 10.37 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 17 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A 40.0 Scenario A+ 35.0 30.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB June Flow In 0.00 0.23 0.26 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 11.63 0.00 27.21 32.32 Flow Out 0.2 0.28 0.26 1.87 0.53 3.57 0.59 14.18 2.12 30.6 36.88 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 160.0 Scenario A+ 140.0 120.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB July Flow In 0.00 0.97 1.40 0.00 3.76 0.00 0.00 52.08 0.00 108.11 130.64 Flow Out 0.77 1.79 1.49 17.34 8.36 11.2 2.88 79.63 8.14 124.74 141.7 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 18 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A 200.0 180.0 Scenario A+ 160.0 140.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB August Flow In 0.00 1.34 1.96 0.00 7.39 0.00 0.00 77.36 0.00 144.31 166.77 Flow Out 1.07 2.65 2.09 31.48 15.43 15.04 3.95 113.87 9.53 160.41 179.13 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 160.0 Scenario A+ 140.0 120.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB September Flow In 0.00 0.90 1.16 0.00 4.90 0.00 0.00 56.18 0.00 110.59 130.31 Flow Out 0.75 1.51 1.23 22.83 10.08 11.15 3.49 86.3 9.23 124.06 142.47 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 19 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A 70.0 Scenario A+ 60.0 50.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB October Flow In 0.00 0.31 0.32 0.00 2.96 0.00 0.00 25.57 0.00 46.94 55.68 Flow Out 0.31 0.37 0.33 10.42 6.03 4.53 1.82 34.03 4.97 52.31 62.41 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 30.0 Scenario A+ 25.0 20.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB November Flow In 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.00 1.99 0.00 0.00 12.06 0.00 20.77 23.83 Flow Out 0.12 0.13 0.12 5.52 3.94 1.63 0.92 15.2 2.03 22.57 26.51 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 20 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 10: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario A 18.0 Scenario A+ 16.0 14.0 12.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB December Flow In 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 1.57 0.00 0.00 7.58 0.00 12.14 13.82 Flow Out 0.08 0.08 0.08 3.49 3.28 0.82 0.51 9.12 1.08 13.15 15.25 Scenario Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and A+: water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 21 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Monthly Stream Flow in BCM/year - Scenario B - State (India) Level Long term average monthly stream flow has been aggregated at state level for scenario B. Figure 11 shows graphical representation of long term monthly values of stream flow at state level. Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B 1.8 Scenario B+ 1.6 1.4 1.2 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB January Flow In 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 1.61 0.27 Flow Out 0.08 0 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.33 0.06 0.86 -0.06 0.29 0.19 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 22 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B 1.6 Scenario B+ 1.4 1.2 1.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB February Flow In 0.00 0.19 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.00 1.46 0.13 Flow Out 0.19 0.02 0.12 0.02 0 0.58 0.03 0.94 -0.04 0.15 0.08 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 2.5 Scenario B+ 2.0 1.5 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB March Flow In 0.00 0.34 0.28 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.00 2.30 0.47 Flow Out 0.34 0.09 0.23 -0.02 0 1.3 0.01 1.26 -0.08 0.52 0.34 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 23 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B 5.0 Scenario B+ 4.0 3.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB April Flow In 0.00 0.18 0.16 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 4.12 0.00 4.52 2.42 Flow Out 0.18 0.03 0.14 -0.02 0 2.35 0.01 2.34 -0.11 2.49 2.2 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 8.0 Scenario B+ 7.0 6.0 5.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB May Flow In 0.00 0.15 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.47 0.00 7.04 5.08 Flow Out 0.15 0.04 0.12 -0.02 0 2.43 0 2.37 -0.07 5.11 5.09 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 24 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B 30.0 Scenario B+ 25.0 20.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB June Flow In 0.00 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 9.27 0.00 19.53 21.70 Flow Out 0.16 0.1 0.16 1.3 0.18 3.17 0.52 8.48 1.54 20.48 24.11 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 120.0 Scenario B+ 100.0 80.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB July Flow In 0.00 0.90 1.15 0.00 2.71 0.00 0.00 40.09 0.00 79.00 94.07 Flow Out 0.73 1.3 1.18 12.29 5.6 10.49 2.13 56.24 5.67 89.84 99.58 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 25 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B 120.0 Scenario B+ 100.0 80.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB August Flow In 0.00 1.22 1.60 0.00 5.18 0.00 0.00 53.36 0.00 94.73 107.11 Flow Out 1 1.92 1.65 19.35 9.63 13.89 2.54 72.24 5.58 103.13 112.23 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 80.0 Scenario B+ 70.0 60.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB September Flow In 0.00 0.80 0.92 0.00 2.34 0.00 0.00 31.03 0.00 61.14 70.89 Flow Out 0.68 0.96 0.92 9.53 3.59 9.98 2.06 44.4 5.16 67.06 75.96 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 26 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B 20.0 Scenario B+ 18.0 16.0 14.0 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB October Flow In 0.00 0.26 0.22 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 8.16 0.00 14.82 16.46 Flow Out 0.26 0.09 0.18 1.25 0.51 3.72 0.83 7.39 1.68 15.09 18.13 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 4.0 Scenario B+ 3.5 3.0 2.5 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB November Flow In 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 2.06 0.00 3.44 2.44 Flow Out 0.07 -0.01 0.05 0.16 0.06 0.99 0.34 0.76 0.08 2.39 2.47 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 27 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 11: Graph: Average Monthly Stream flow (BCM/month) - State Level - Scenario B 2.0 Scenario B+ 1.5 Stream Flow (BCM/month) 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB December Flow In 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.00 1.80 0.90 Flow Out 0.04 0 0.03 0 0.4 0.31 0.14 0.4 -0.1 0.99 0.8 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 28 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Annual Water Balance BCM/year - Scenario A and Scenario B - State (India) Level Average annual water balance components namely water yield and evapotranspiration in mm/year have been aggregated at state level for Scenario A and Scenario B. Table 3 shows the average annual water balance components for Scenario A and Scenario B at state level. Table 3: Catchment Water balance: Long term Average Annual Water Balance components - State (India) Level Scenario A+ Scenario B++ Country Change Change Water Evapo- Water Evapo- Precipitation in in Yield transpiration Yield transpiration Storage Storage Long-term Annual Average : Water Balance (mm/year) Bihar 1184.5 653.8 535.0 -4.3 451.6 589.9 143.0 Chhattisgarh 1239.8 806.7 415.4 17.7 539.1 430.4 270.3 Haryana 587.5 163.5 405.5 18.5 140.8 438.8 7.9 Himachal 1178.0 784.8 404.5 -11.3 788.0 420.7 -30.8 Pradesh Jharkhand 1256.4 753.9 490.0 12.5 455.5 503.9 297.1 Madhya 985.5 555.8 424.3 5.3 332.8 444.7 208.0 Pradesh NCT of Delhi 651.6 219.4 445.5 -13.3 172.9 525.3 -46.5 # Rajasthan 658.1 274.5 382.0 1.6 139.9 395.1 123.1 Uttar 970.1 489.9 484.2 -4.0 369.8 519.3 81.0 Pradesh Uttarakhand 1347.4 1070.4 384.7 -107.6 1030.0 402.5 -85.1 West Bengal 1413.9 887.0 567.5 -40.6 514.5 593.5 305.8 * India at Farakka Change in Storage = Change in Snowpack (snowfall-snowmelt) + Change in Shallow ground water storage + Change in Deep ground water storage + Scenario A: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting catchment hydrology corresponding to the current landuse. ++ Scenario B: Current conditions: Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand with irrigation wherever applicable. Spatial depiction of the average annual water balance components for Scenario A and Scenario B at state level is shown in Figure 12. Monthly Water Balance mm/month - Scenario A and Scenario B Average long term monthly water balance components namely water yield and evapotranspiration in mm/month have been aggregated at state level for Scenario A and Scenario B. Appendix XX gives the table of long term monthly water balance components. 29 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT FINAL REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 12: Spatial Depiction: Annual Water Balance Components (BCM/year) - State Level 30 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Sediment Flow at State Level Average annual sediment flow in million metric tons per year has been aggregated at state level for scenario A and scenario B. Annual Sediment Flow in MT/year for Scenario A and Scenario B - State level Table 4 shows the average annual sediment flow for each states of India in the Ganga basin. Table 4: Stream Flow: Annual Sediment flow (Million metric tons (MT)/year) - State Level Abbrevi- Scenario A+ Scenario B++ Country ation Sediment In Sediment Out Sediment In Sediment Out Average Annual Sediment Flow (MT/year) Himachal Pradesh HP 0.0 11.2 0.0 6.3 Haryana HAR 15.2 22.0 9.0 11.5 NCT of Delhi DEL 20.0 20.2 11.0 11.0 Madhya Pradesh MP 0.0 100.2 0.0 58.1 Rajasthan RAJ 17.8 58.8 6.9 32.8 Uttarakhand UK 0.0 139.9 0.0 117.7 Chhattisgarh CHG 0.0 15.9 0.0 8.1 Uttar Pradesh UP 428.2 451.8 304.7 171.3 Jharkhand JHK 0.0 48.6 0.0 21.7 Bihar BIH 676.8 603.7 638.4 387.1 West Bengal WB 641.4 639.6 403.7 373.9 * India at Farakka + Scenario A: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversionsbut reflecting catchment hydrology corresponding to the current landuse ++ Scenario B: Current conditions: Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand with irrigation wherever applicable. Figure 13 and Figure 14 show the graphical representation of the values of sediment flow at state level for Scenario A and Scenario B respectively. 31 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] 800 700 Scenario A+ 600 Sediments (Million Tons /year) 500 400 300 200 100 0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB Annual Average Sediment In 0.0 15.2 20.0 0.0 17.8 0.0 0.0 428.2 0.0 676.8 641.4 Sediment Out 11.2 22.0 20.2 100.2 58.8 139.9 15.9 451.8 48.6 603.7 639.6 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting catchment hydrology corresponding to the current landuse Figure 13: Graph : Annual Sediment flow (MT/year) - State Level - Scenario A 800 Scenario B+ 700 Sediments (Million Tons /year) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB Annual Average Sediment In 0.0 9.0 11.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 304.7 0.0 638.4 403.7 Sediment Out 6.3 11.5 11.0 58.1 32.8 117.7 8.1 171.3 21.7 387.1 373.9 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation Figure 14: Graph : Annual Sediment flow (MT/year) - State Level - Scenario B 32 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 15: Spatial Depiction: Annual Sediment Flow (MT/year) - State Level 33 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Monthly Sediment Flow in MT/month - Scenario A - State level Average monthly sediment flow has been aggregated at state level for scenario A for long term average year. Figure 16 shows graphical representation of the long term average monthly values of stream flow at state level for Scenario A. Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A 1.2 Scenario A+ 1.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB January Sediment In 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.70 0.17 Sediment Out 0.3 0.26 0.29 0.04 0.01 0.61 0.03 0.08 0 0.17 0.11 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 34 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A 3.0 Scenario A+ 2.5 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB February Sediment In 0.00 0.23 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 2.53 0.31 Sediment Out 0.23 0.17 0.19 0.02 0 1.59 0 0.34 0.03 0.3 0.21 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 20.0 18.0 Scenario A+ 16.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB March Sediment In 0.00 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.64 0.00 18.28 2.26 Sediment Out 0.24 0.21 0.23 0 0 5.85 0 4.16 -0.2 2.46 1.26 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 35 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A 80.0 Scenario A+ 70.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB April Sediment In 0.00 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 65.79 0.00 68.57 22.54 Sediment Out 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.01 0 9.02 0 34.76 -1.11 23.65 15.11 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 80.0 Scenario A+ 70.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB May Sediment In 0.00 0.33 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.30 0.00 70.48 34.51 Sediment Out 0.33 0.32 0.32 0 0 4.57 0 11.88 -1.51 36.02 23.54 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 36 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A 80.0 Scenario A+ 70.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB June Sediment In 0.00 1.09 1.38 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 30.20 0.00 72.66 73.78 Sediment Out 0.68 1.41 1.3 6.95 1.78 13.98 3.08 29.92 8.25 66.88 72.97 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 250.0 Scenario A+ Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB July Sediment In 0.00 4.71 6.72 0.00 7.87 0.00 0.00 113.23 0.00 174.00 206.68 Sediment Out 3.08 7.57 6.91 38.21 24.44 35.12 5.91 150.57 19.23 191.63 213.95 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 37 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A 200.0 180.0 Scenario A+ 160.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB August Sediment In 0.00 4.49 6.22 0.00 7.69 0.00 0.00 107.99 0.00 150.48 166.89 Sediment Out 3.17 7.29 6.39 36.9 24.52 37.88 4.09 135.07 11.12 158.83 172.44 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 120.0 Scenario A+ 100.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB September Sediment In 0.00 3.12 3.83 0.00 1.74 0.00 0.00 57.05 0.00 85.54 98.76 Sediment Out 2.45 4.12 3.92 16.52 6.44 26.58 2.58 73.95 9.17 91.53 103.3 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 38 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A 35.0 Scenario A+ 30.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB October Sediment In 0.00 0.42 0.44 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 8.14 0.00 27.94 31.56 Sediment Out 0.42 0.45 0.43 1.39 0.64 4.16 0.15 9.3 3.49 28.35 33 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 3.5 Scenario A+ 3.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB November Sediment In 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.00 3.29 2.34 Sediment Out 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.23 0.03 0.44 0.14 2.21 2.25 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 39 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 16: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario A 2.5 Scenario A+ 2.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB December Sediment In 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.00 2.08 1.33 Sediment Out 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.89 0.32 0 1.08 -0.01 1.34 1.23 Scenario A+: Pre-development flow in the absence of water resources infrastructure and water diversions but reflecting current catchment hydrology (thus current rainfed agriculture) 40 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Monthly Sediment Flow in MT/month- Scenario B - State level Average monthly sediment flow has been aggregated at state level for scenario B for long term average year. Figure 17 shows graphical representation of the long term average monthly values of stream flow at state level for Scenario B. Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B 0.4 Scenario B+ 0.4 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB January Sediment In 0.00 0.19 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.27 0.03 Sediment Out 0.19 0.11 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.01 0.08 -0.03 0.04 0.01 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 41 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B 2.5 Scenario B+ 2.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB February Sediment In 0.00 0.12 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.00 1.93 0.03 Sediment Out 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.01 0 0.48 0 0.06 0 0.03 0.01 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 35.0 Scenario B+ 30.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB March Sediment In 0.00 0.13 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.44 0.00 30.16 1.29 Sediment Out 0.13 0.09 0.11 0 0 1.82 0 1.36 -0.35 1.62 0.46 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 42 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B 80.0 Scenario B+ 70.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB April Sediment In 0.00 0.11 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 60.61 0.00 72.07 12.40 Sediment Out 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.01 0 5.59 0 26.31 -1.47 13.85 6.82 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 100.0 Scenario B+ 80.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 -20.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB May Sediment In 0.00 0.17 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.30 0.00 92.47 26.60 Sediment Out 0.17 0.13 0.15 -0.01 0 1.56 0 7.83 -2.82 29.41 15.19 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 43 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B 90.0 Scenario B+ 80.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB June Sediment In 0.00 0.68 0.78 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 13.32 0.00 81.13 44.28 Sediment Out 0.37 0.72 0.72 3.58 0.98 6.51 1.65 6.31 2.92 41.96 37.25 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 140.0 Scenario B+ 120.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB July Sediment In 0.00 2.84 3.73 0.00 3.13 0.00 0.00 55.65 0.00 129.88 120.60 Sediment Out 1.82 3.98 3.76 19.91 15.17 16.47 2.97 50.47 9.57 112.95 118.91 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 44 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B 120.0 Scenario B+ 100.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB August Sediment In 0.00 2.62 3.39 0.00 2.94 0.00 0.00 110.36 0.00 91.15 88.56 Sediment Out 1.81 3.8 3.42 24.8 11.49 72.27 2 49.84 6.34 83.68 87.84 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 90.0 Scenario B+ 80.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB September Sediment In 0.00 1.79 2.16 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.00 26.56 0.00 83.97 73.62 Sediment Out 1.31 2.25 2.18 9.13 3.47 11.03 1.38 26.71 5.45 69.17 73.3 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 45 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B 45.0 Scenario B+ 40.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB October Sediment In 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.00 39.62 31.55 Sediment Out 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.63 0.54 1.51 0.08 2.19 2.1 29.59 30.38 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 16.0 Scenario B+ 14.0 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB November Sediment In 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00 14.83 4.50 Sediment Out 0.01 0 0 0.01 0 0.11 0.01 -0.11 -0.02 4.52 3.5 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 46 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM DRAFT REPORT [GANGA BASIN FLOW REGIME AND WATER BALANCE] Figure 17: Graph: Average Monthly Sediment flow (MT/month) - State Level - Scenario B 1.6 Scenario B+ 1.4 Sediments (Million Tons /Month) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 HP HAR DEL MP RAJ UK CHG UP JHK BIH WB December Sediment In 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.36 0.00 0.91 0.27 Sediment Out 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.02 1.12 0.11 0 0.28 -0.02 0.29 0.21 Scenario B+: Current conditions:, Existing major water resources infrastructures, current management/operation practices, existing crop water demand through irrigation 47 Stream Flow, Water Balance and Sediment Flow at State (India) Level | INRM