The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) Concept Environmental and Social Review Summary Concept Stage (ESRS Concept Stage) Public Disclosure Date Prepared/Updated: 07/27/2021 | Report No: ESRSC02111 Jul 27, 2021 Page 1 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Region Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Mozambique AFRICA EAST P175298 Project Name Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Health, Nutrition & Investment Project 9/23/2021 9/30/2021 Population Financing Borrower(s) Implementing Agency(ies) Republic of Mozambique Cabo Delgado: Provincial State Secretariat and Provincial Executive Council, Niassa: Provincial State Secretariat and Provincial Executive Council, Nampula: Public Disclosure Provincial State Secretariat and Provincial Executive Council Proposed Development Objective To improve inclusive access to quality social services and community-driven development opportunities for populations in areas at risk of conflict, and strengthen institutional capacity of the health, education and social protection sectors. Financing (in USD Million) Amount Total Project Cost 100.00 B. Is the project being prepared in a Situation of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints, as per Bank IPF Policy, para. 12? No C. Summary Description of Proposed Project [including overview of Country, Sectoral & Institutional Contexts and Relationship to CPF] Jul 27, 2021 Page 2 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) This project will contribute to improve inclusive access to quality social services and strengthen institutional capacity of the health, education and social protection sectors, particularly for conflict prone areas and vulnerable groups in Northern Mozambique. According to the Human Capital Index, a child born in Mozambique today will be 36 percent as productive when she grows up as she could be if she enjoyed complete education and full health. While the country has experience strong growth over the last two decades, it has not been inclusive. Provinces in the Northern Region have incidences of poverty that are well above the national average, and almost identical to levels recorded in the early 2000s (Nampula 69 percent; Niassa 67 percent; Cabo Delgado 50 percent). The threats of active conflicts in the region, coupled with natural disasters, have further destabilized progress for children, particularly girls, to reach their potential to contribute to improved development outcomes in the North. This project will contribute to urgent action needed, focusing on three pillars: (i) strengthening institutions to improve accountability and resource flow between government bodies, frontline service providers, and community actors and institutions; (ii) improving access to quality social services, adapting and expanding service delivery mechanisms for internally displaced persons, host communities, and conflict-affected areas; and (iii) strengthening community participation and resilience through the introduction of community driven development mechanisms. D. Environmental and Social Overview D.1. Detailed project location(s) and salient physical characteristics relevant to the E&S assessment [geographic, environmental, social] Project activities of relevance to the ESF include: Component 1 - technical assistance to improve capacities for coordinating, planning and delivering of services to beneficiaries amongst IDPs and host communities; Component 2 - critical service provision to areas at risk of conflict such as key interventions to prevent excess maternal and newborn Public Disclosure mortality and sexual violence, registration and provision of biometric ID cards, vaccination campaigns, paediatric services and provision of basic health, practical and employability skills training, participation of poor households in public works and agricultural production; and Component 3 - financing of Community-Driven Development subprojects to improve access to basic services such as health, water and sanitation, education, and resilient livelihoods. The project will focus on northern provinces of Cabo Delgado, Nampula, and Niassa. These provinces are among the richest in terms of natural resources, where terrestrial and marine protected areas play a critical role in contributing to the resilience of communities, through the provision and regulating ecosystem services. Despite its high concentration of natural assets, these provinces have recorded the highest poverty rates and have neither benefitted from a peaceful situation in the wake of the civil war, nor from robust post-conflict economic growth. Northern Mozambique faces multiple and intersecting challenges including exposure to natural hazards and climate change, historical legacies of conflict and violence, widespread poverty, limited state presence and scarce delivery of basic services, exposure to the illicit economy through its poorly-policed coastline and porous borders, added by an escalating armed and violent insurgency. The security situation in the Northern has degraded significantly in the past few years, due to armed attacks in the gas-rich province of Cabo Delgado, which have claimed about 3,000 lives and displaced nearly 500,000 people since it began in 2017. This situation is multiplied by the crisis caused by Cyclones Idai and Kenneth in 2019, and most recently by the COVID-19 pandemic. Cabo Delgado (82,625 km² and 2,320,261 inhabitants) is the province most impacted by the conflict, where the largest insurgencies and other illegal activities are concentrated and where most of the project interventions will be focused in IDPs, host communities and areas at risk of conflict. Nampula the most populous province (79 010 km² and 5,759 Jul 27, 2021 Page 3 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) 000 inhabitants) has received most of the IDPs from Cabo Delgado with more than 788,722 IDPs (UNHCR, 2021). The situation has contributed significantly to worsen the poverty and malnutrition rates in the region as these areas have been deprived by humanitarian aid due to the intensification of insecurity and violence. Adult and child survival and productivity have been negatively impacted as access to health services and opportunities for economic activities have been lost. Cases of human rights abuses have also been increased, mostly involving State security forces. Cases implicating those forces include arbitrary arrests, torture, abductions, use of excessive force against unarmed civilians, intimidation, burning or destruction of properties, extrajudicial executions, beheadings and kidnappings. There were also cases of discrimination and abuse of women, children and persons with disabilities, that have been made public through videos, pictures, and statements on social media, posing risks of GBV/SEAH in the region. Although the Project will not intervene in conflict affected areas (tier 1) where the alleged human right abuses have been reported, this context poses challenge of trust and ownership between the Government PIU and the Project beneficiaries and the risk remain for the perceived safer areas located in southern region of Cabo Delgado province. Niassa (129,056 km² and 1,810,794 inhabitants) is the least densely populated province and has the largest forest area. D. 2. Borrower’s Institutional Capacity The project will involve three key ministries namely i) Ministry of Health (MISAU), ii) Ministry of Education and Human Development (MINEDH) and iii) Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Action (MGCAS). To manage project environmental and social risks and impacts, a well coordinated Project Implementation Units (PIUs) structure from three sectors at central level line ministries (MISAU, MINEDH, MGCAS) will be established with the role of providing technical support beyond the reach of the provinces, especially operational issues. MINEDH, MGCAS and MISAU have previous experience with World Bank-funded projects. Nonetheless, the three entities/institutions will require capacity building through the strengthening of a PIUs and other forms of knowledge transfer to manage project Public Disclosure environmental and social risks under the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). This PIUs coordination structure (HD sector institutions involved, namely MISAU, MNEDH and MGCAS) will need to be adequately staffed with at least one Senior Environmental Specialist, one Senior Social Specialist and one Gender and Gender-Based Violence (GBV)/ Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)/ Sexual Harassment (SH) Specialist to support the three provinces. At each of three provinces (Cabo Delgado, Niassa and Nampula) one Environmental and Social Focal Points per province, respectively, from the social welfare, education, and health provincial services. The Focal Points will be drawn from respective departments at provincial level and they will be tasked to manage environmental and social risks at this level. The Social Specialist and Gender, GBV/SEAH specialist will integrate the PIU to ensure mainstreaming social safeguards, Gender, GBV/SEAH in project activities and to assist in addressing concerns about GBV/SEAH events, particularly among IDPs and host communities and broadly among the general population. Third party providers will be engaged in implementation of activities, especially in areas of significant presence of IDPs and active conflict depending on the specific needs. The engagement of third parties service providers will provide the needed expertise and flexibility to deliver services in a context of fragility and heightened tension. Their interventions will be coordinated together with the Provincial PIU and endorsed by the HD Provincial Coordinating Committee (HDPCC). The HDPCC will include the directors of the provincial services of education, health and social action, and the heads of relevant programs and departments for each sector from the Provincial Executive Council. A representative of the Agency for the Integrated Development of the North (ADIN) will facilitate coordination across provinces. Terms of reference for the HDPCC will be developed and agreed upon by the participating sectors at provincial level. The Terms for reference will detail the specific role and mandate of the HDPCC and its members (including third parties and community participation) in respect of the project. From the above arrangements there are key challenges since the three sectors (health, education and social protection) have limited experience in implementing all together a World Bank-funded projects. However, individually these ministries have long time experience in implementing safeguards policies and currently have projects under the ESF in preparation. The involved ministries have benefited Jul 27, 2021 Page 4 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) from ESF and OHS training from the WB. Despite these, the capacity and technical expertise at provincial level is weak and capacity building and training will be further needed, particularly to address and operate in fragility, conflict, and violence context. As such a systematic capacity needs assessment will be undertake during project preparation and included as part of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). II. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL (ES) RISKS AND IMPACTS A. Environmental and Social Risk Classification (ESRC) High Environmental Risk Rating Substantial The environmental risk is substantial due to the adverse risks and impacts that may arise from Component 3 through construction and operation of economic and social infrastructure CDD subprojects. Civil works are expected to be from small to medium scale but in several locations and at construction phase will involve issues such as occupational and community health and safety; air pollution, soil erosion, and water contamination; transmission of communicable diseases (HIV and COVID-19); road traffic safety; waste management; dust, noise and vibration; opening and extraction of inert materials from quarries and borrow pits; habitat conversion; etc. During operation phase it is expected that the investments in CDD will pose several risks and impacts: health services – risks associated with biomedical waste management and handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials; water and sanitation services – generation and discharge of waste water and management of effluents; education services - solid waste generation and handling and disposal of waste, communicable diseases (COVID-19); restoration of livelihoods – chemical hazards and management; vegetation clearing and biodiversity loss. These social services will Public Disclosure be operated by local authorities, so their environmental management capacity need to be strengthened to face the new or increased environmental impacts. At this stage it is not expected that economic and social services provided by the project will require complementarity with ongoing humanitarian efforts, however in case this situation arise during implementation an Environmental and Social screening will determine if these proposed subprojects and activities can be considered Additional Facilities, however synergies will be sought with the initiatives under the Northern Crisis Recovery Project - P174635 (establishment of peace clubs and CDD interventions). There are other substantial environmental risks stemming from Component 2, the vaccination campaigns may cause injuries to beneficiaries and generates medical waste including needles, syringes, alcohol prep pads, empty / expired vials, etc. The Adolescent and Youth interventions will involve vocational and practical skills training which may involve use of hazardous machinery (saws, grinders, welders, etc.). The Adult Men and Women interventions will support their participation in public works and agricultural production which have occupational and community health and safety concerns related to natural , physical and chemical hazards; water bodies contamination and soil pollution (sewage sludge from cleaning drainage channels); vegetation clearance and fauna disturbance; incremental use of pesticides and fertilizers, including risks and impacts such as transportation, storage and disposal of containers, pest resistance and ground water contamination. Under Component 1 the strengthening of institutions will be promoted mainly through technical assistance activities that have environmental diffuse and induced impacts, often playing out over a longer term. To manage the above environmental risks and impacts and since the exact project intervention locations are not known at this stage an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) including a Pest Management Plan (PMP), Infectious Control and Waste Management Plan (ICWMP) and Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) will be prepared, consulted upon and disclosed prior to project appraisal. The ESMF will provide a screening tool for assessing and classifying impacts at sub-project level and will provide guidance for the preparation of project specific, Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESIAs or ESMPs) as per the typology of sub-projects Jul 27, 2021 Page 5 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) as well as following the WBG General EHS Guidelines on Occupational and Community OHS issues, particularly for CDD subprojects. A Regional Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (RESIA) will be prepared during project implementation. Social Risk Rating High Overall, social risks are associated to capacity of the implementing agency (MISAU, MINEDH and MGCAS/INAS) to manage environmental and social safeguards in areas at risk of conflict and host communities. “While MINEDH and MISAU have previous experience with World Bank funded projects, MGCAS has no prior experience. Nonetheless, the three entities/institutions will require capacity building through the establishment of a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and other forms of knowledge transfer to manage project environmental and social risks under the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF)”. To address this, the planned PIU should include the hiring of dedicated staff at provincial level (based in Nampula or Cabo Delgado), which will include a Social Safeguard Specialist, a Gender GBV/ SEAH Specialist and an Environmental Safeguard Specialist. Other risk are related to selection criteria of project areas and beneficiaries among the IDPs and host communities. Selection criteria should be well and clearly defined in close collaboration with stakeholders and potential project beneficiaries. Aspects of vulnerability and poverty should be considered as critical in the selection process. It is also worth noting that a Social and Conflict Analysis shall be prepared, consulted upon and disclosed by Appraisal since the project will intervene in an insecure setting, particularly within the highly affected armed conflict districts in Cabo Delgado, although the implementation responsibility may be delegated to experienced humanitarian actors. The results of social and conflict analysis will be integrated in the ESMF/ESMP and RPF/RAPs. A Gender-Based-Violence (GBV) risk assessment should be carried out based on planned activities, and the results of the assessment presented as annex to PAD. In addition to this, a WB screening of GBV/SEAH will be administered to determine the risk level and respective Public Disclosure mitigation measures. The results of the screening will also be presented as an annex to the PAD. The scale of the project is regional, although the exact geographic location and its sensitivities are not yet known. The social risks and impacts for activities under Pilar 2 and 3 are substantial, mainly during the implementation of subprojects phase and include vulnerabilities of the IDPs, particular women and children, conflict resulting from unclear selection criteria of project beneficiaries, land related issues and conflicts between the IDPs and host communities in access education, health and social protection services that are already underserved, labor influx and GBV/SEAH related risks and impacts relating to labor conditions (e.g. child labor and forced labor). In addition to these risks and impacts, there is also a potential for risks and impacts on cultural heritage as the exact locations of project intervention (particularly those related to civil works) are not yet determined. Also, activities under component 2 are likely to lead to land acquisition/restriction that may result in physical and economic displacement. For this, the Borrower will prepare and RPF, consulted upon and disclosed prior to Appraisal. Common risks across all project components include health risks due to COVID-19 pandemic that are expected in crowded situations such as delivery of services in IDP camps or host communities. The management of COVID-19 infections will be addressed by the borrower during the development of a pandemic management plan in accordance with ESS4. The overall delivery of the project will have a positive impact in the receiving community and IDPs by providing safe access to health, education, social protection water and sanitation services and improving service delivery especially investments under Components 2 and 3 which is anticipated to have a positive impact on school attendance particularly for girls and will positively contribute to improved service delivery at health care and social security for the vulnerable people. B. Environment and Social Standards (ESSs) that Apply to the Activities Being Considered B.1. General Assessment Jul 27, 2021 Page 6 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Overview of the relevance of the Standard for the Project: While the project activities are expected to support the improvement of inclusive access to quality social services and strengthen institutional capacity of the health, education and social protection sectors, particularly for areas at risk of conflict and vulnerable groups, achieving these outcomes implies a number of environmental and social risks and impacts that will be identified throughout the environmental and social assessment process foreseen under ESS1. The environmental and social risks and impacts from the project will arise mainly from Component 3 through the financing of CDD subprojects to improve access to basic services such as health, water and sanitation, and education, as well as resilient livelihoods. The CDD projects will involve construction and operation of economic and social infrastructure affecting negatively the surrounding physical environmental. Civil works at construction phase will involve issues such as occupational and community health and safety and labor conditions; air pollution, soil erosion, and water contamination; transmission of communicable and sexually transmitted diseases (HIV and COVID-19); road traffic safety; waste management; dust, noise and vibration; opening and extraction of inert materials from quarries and borrow pits; habitat conversion; risks of exclusions, social conflict or competition over resources, GBV/SEA-SH, displacement impacts, livelihood impacts, etc. During operation phase it is expected that the investments in CDD will pose several risks and impacts: health services – risks associated with biomedical waste management and handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials; water and sanitation services – generation and discharge of wastewater and management of effluents; education services - solid waste generation and handling and disposal of waste, communicable diseases (COVID-19); restoration of livelihoods – chemical hazards (pesticides, acaricides and fertilizers) use and management; vegetation clearing and biodiversity loss.as Public Disclosure There are other substantial environmental risks stemming from Component 2, the vaccination campaigns as part of the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI) under the ECD and Children interventions may cause injuries and generates medical waste including needles, syringes, alcohol prep pads, empty / expired vials, etc. This kind of waste is considered hazardous and will require the compliance with existing requirements for management (including storage, transportation and disposal) of hazardous wastes including national legislation and applicable international Conventions as per ESS3. The Adolescent and Youth interventions will involve vocational and practical skills training which may involve use of hazardous machinery and equipment (saws, grinders, welders, etc.). The Adult Men and Women interventions will support their participation in public works (PASP) and agricultural production (ADGIR) which have occupational and community health and safety concerns related to natural (venomous and poisonous wildlife), physical (injuries from using working tools and equipment) and chemical hazards (handling of solid waste and sewage); water bodies contamination and soil pollution (sewage sludge from cleaning drainage channels); vegetation clearance and fauna disturbance; incremental use of pesticides and fertilizers, including risks and impacts such as transportation, storage and disposal of containers, pest resistance and ground water contamination. Recommendations and measures for addressing any potential environmental and social risks and impacts will be included in the project ESMF. The measures will be proportionate to the risks and impacts associated with the proposed activities and consistent with ESSs. Under Component 1 the strengthening of institutions, to improving capacities for development, planning, coordinating, monitoring and supervising, will be promoted mainly through technical assistance activities that have environmental and social diffuse and induced impacts, often playing out over a longer term. From social standpoint, activities under this component are likely to result in stakeholder conflict, which will require strong coordination that Jul 27, 2021 Page 7 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) could be addressed through project design- e.g. platforms for coordination as well as activities under SEP. TA activities will recommend the draft of Terms of References (ToR) to ensure that the proposed activities include adequate assessment of environmental and social implications and that the advice provided through the TA for addressing those implications is consistent with the ESF. The following Standards will be particularly relevant to address these above environmental and social risks: ESS1, ESS2, ESS3, ESS4, ESS5, ESS6, ESS8 and ESS10.The environmental and social risks will be mitigated through close due diligence of project interventions and through the application of the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework. As such, the following ESF instruments will be prepared, consulted and disclosed by appraisal: 1. Stakeholder Engagement Plan, including GRM; 2. Environmental and Social Commitment Plan. 3. Resettlement Policy Framework, and 4. Environmental and Social Management Framework, including: (i) Pest Management Plan; (ii) Labor Management Procedures; (iii) Chance Find Procedures; (iv) SEA/GBV Action Plan as a result of GBV/SEAH Risk Assessment; (v) Emergency Response Plan, (vi) Infectious Control and Waste Management Plan and, (vii) COVID-19 protocol. A stand alone Social and Conflict Analysis as a result of the proposed project will be prepared by project appraisal, and its result will be integrated in ESMF/ESMP and RPF/RAPs The ESMF will address procedures to avoid, minimize and, where possible, mitigate negative environmental and social risks and impacts related to project activities in a manner consistent with the ESF. A close coordination with other teams, especially the SD operations under preparation in the same region, must be emphasized in order to enhance synergies where possible and avoid duplication. Public Disclosure The RESIA of the project will assess the environmental and social risks and impacts of the projects in the Northern Mozambique. The assessment will be conducted in an integrated way, including all relevant direct, indirect and cumulative environmental and social risks and impacts of recently past, current and near future projects in the region. The assessment will include the recommendations of the World Bank Directive on Addressing Risks and Impacts on Disadvantaged or Vulnerable individuals or Groups. Vulnerable groups will be identified and special mitigation measures assessment to ensure their participation in the project activities. Areas where “Use of Borrower Framework” is being considered: The use of Borrower Framework is not be considered in part or as a whole. ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure ESS10 is relevant. The Borrower will ensure that the adoption of a consistent, comprehensive, coordinated and culturally appropriate approach for the purpose of engaging stakeholders and disclosing project-related information to stakeholders. Project stakeholders include local communities, in particular women, youth, teachers, health and social workers and vulnerable groups; district, municipal, provincial and national government; civil society institutions (NGOs, CBOs, etc.)and other services providers. Vulnerable groups are refereed to those who may be more likely to be adversely affected by the project impacts, or even more limited than others due to their particular conditions. Those are expected to include IDPs, poor, disabled, marginalized and those at risk of facing social exclusion such as women, elderly and child-headed households. Such groups will be consulted through an identification process and targeted consultations and assessment will be conducted to ensure their inclusion in Project activities. District, municipal and provincial governments, local authorities and community leaders will require close support and capacity building to effectively engage with stakeholders and project beneficiaries and to avoid possible Jul 27, 2021 Page 8 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) exclusion of vulnerable groups. In order to implement this approach, the Borrower will prepare a draft Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) prior to appraisal that will include a stakeholder mapping exercise, details of types, frequency and approach to consultations, information sharing and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) related procedures. Once finalized the Borrower will submit the SEP for Bank clearance and update it regularly during project implementation. The SEP will be prepared in accordance with the World Bank Directive on Addressing Risks and Impacts on Disadvantaged or Vulnerable Individuals or Groups. The process of stakeholder engagement will involve stakeholder identification and analysis; planning how to engage with stakeholders; disclosure of information; consultation with stakeholders and focus groups as appropriate; and establishing an effective project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and reporting to stakeholders. The GRM will also be GBV/SEAH sensitive to deal with such complaints appropriately. The consultation process and stakeholder engagement must take into consideration the COVID 19 constraints and the World Bank guidance for consultation under COVID 19 circumstances. The implementing agencies will provide stakeholders with timely, relevant, understandable and accessible information, and consult with them in a culturally appropriate manner, which is free of manipulation, interference, coercion, discrimination and intimidation. B.2. Specific Risks and Impacts A brief description of the potential environmental and social risks and impacts relevant to the Project. ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions ESS2 is relevant as the project is likely to involve workers directly engaged by the project; contracted workers; primary supply workers and community workers. Direct workers are those engaged by the PIU; contracted workers Public Disclosure will be those involved in project through third party (e.g., contractors); primary supply workers may be involved in supplying of goods and services directly to the project and community workers may be involved in providing community works through contractors in civil works. The project will adopt a Community-Driven Development approach that will be complementary to state-based service provision and will be promoted in partnership with NGOs and CBOs. This approach will focus on channel and invest resources in actions that address gaps in basic social services, community infrastructure and productive capacity, in order to improve access to resilient communities and trigger local economic growth and human development, using existing sucessful platforms to engage with local associations and disadvantaged groups. The project will use, to the extent possible, the procedures currently in place for construction financed under the health, education and social protection, and this will only take place after a gap analysis is made based on the Labor Management Plan (LMP) developed under the present project. Currently, construction of social infrastructures are managed at the provincial level following standards defined at the central level at MISAU, MINEDH and MGCAS respectively. The provinces procure contractors for construction and consultancy firms for supervision of works. In sum, a considerable workforce will be needed, and the project may face difficulties in promoting sound worker-management relationships and to guarantee safe (due to insecurity in the region) and healthy working conditions. The related occupational, health and safety (OHS) risks will stem from working near or on machinery (cuts, noise, vibration, crushing) and heights (slips, trips and falls). The situation is aggravated by the gaps in Mozambique labor, health and safety legislation. Mozambique had important improvements in the labor legislation with the Labor Law, “Lei do Trabalho”, issued in 2007, determining that all workers have the right to healthy conditions and protective equipment, among other measures. The Regulation on Occupational Accidents and Professional Diseases (Decree 62/2013) was another important step. However, the health and safety regulation dates of 1973, “Diploma Legislativo n.º48/73”, designed mainly for industrial activities Jul 27, 2021 Page 9 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) and missing specific requirements for different types of construction works. The environmental, health and safety instruments to be prepared during implementation will need to address, in detail, occupational, health and safety (OHS) requirements, (guides and manuals), applicable to all construction works funded by the project, including the preparation of contractors’ Health and Safety plans. This shall also include working conditions, safety and responses to accidents and emergencies during school operation. The OHS measures will have to take into account the World Bank Group’s general Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSGs) and other particular guidelines relevant for the project, stated in the ESMF. In addition, spread of COVID -19 infection during workshops and trainings is another risk that will need to be addressed through the development of a COVID-19 protocol. The Project will need to also ensure that Labor Management Procedures (LMP) are in place and are consistent with the provisions of the World Bank’s ESS2, which identify that all contractors and sub-contractors must ensure that there is no forced labor (compulsory labor, bonded, or child labor), or trafficked labor employed during construction. The LMP will be prepared as part of the ESMF and include provisions to ensure fair wages in line with local legislation and provide contractual hiring of workers (both male and female), adequate payment for overwork and other measures. If a Labor Camp is established for construction purposes, the facility must follow guidelines established by the Project to ensure safe and hygienic living conditions. Labor Management Procedures and a specific labor GRM sensitive to GBV/SEAH will need to be developed as part of overall safeguards instruments. The LMP will guide the production and implementation of Labor Management Plans for specific sub-projects including specification of responsibilities at subproject implementation stage by all stakeholders to address labor management requirements. Public Disclosure The project will use direct workers, contracted and community workers and primary supply workers. The employment conditions for all types of workers must be in line with Mozambican legislation and the Banks standards concerning labor condition and Occupational Health and Safety. ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management ESS3 is relevant. The Project will cover rehabilitation and construction of economic and social infrastructures and in doing so will use resources and raw materials such as water, energy, minerals, timber, etc., with the generation of limited amount of waste that may ultimately contaminate the environmental including air, soil and water pollution. As such, the following specific aspects in relation to ESS3 will be screened during project preparation to identify the potential for environmental issues during: (i) resource extraction and raw materials sourcing; (ii) transportation of resources and raw material; and (iii) use of resources and application of raw materials including cement, sand, timber, aggregates and sticks. The extraction of water from rivers or inert materials from quarries and borrow pits during construction will require environmental licenses and permits as per national legislation. The transportation of cargo or fluid hazardous materials will follow WBG ESH General Guidelines on Transport of Hazardous Materials and GIIP to avoid spillages. Water use and energy consumption during operation phase will also be assessed but it is expected to be limited and provision for use of rainwater harvest for WASH facilities and solar panels will be included in project design. The ESMF will provide adequate measures for improving the efficient consumption of energy, water, and raw materials, as well as any other resources as relevant. Anticipated sources of pollution during civil works and agriculture and livestock production include dust, noise, construction debris, erosion and runoff, and handling and disposal of solid and hazardous materials and wastes. Mitigation measures, during construction and operation phases, at both construction and rehabilitation sites will be detailed in subproject ESIAs/ESMPs and will Jul 27, 2021 Page 10 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) include standard pollution prevention and control measures in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy and the World Bank Group Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines on Waste Management. Such measures will include but not limited to measures to manage: (i) solid and hazardous waste handling and disposal; (ii) wastewater treatment; (iii) storage and handling of hazardous materials; (iv) housekeeping; (v) control of erosion and storm water runoff; and (vi) noise, vibrations, and dust abatement measures; among others. Measures to mitigate the environmental and social risks and impacts of infectious and biomedical waste from Health Facilities and vaccination campaigns as well as from WASH facilities operation will be included in the ESMF as part of the Infectious Control and Waste Management Plan, specific to the health sector. Air emissions resulting from the project are expected to be negligible and will stem through exhaust from heavy vehicles and machinery, and fugitive dust generated by compaction and construction activities. The scale, intensity and duration of the impact will also be determined but is expected to be small and the dust emission should be minimized through dust suppression and regular vehicle maintenance. The project is not expected generate significant quantities of GHG emissions. For projects that have diverse and small sources of emissions (for example, community-driven development projects) or where emissions are not likely to be significant (for example, projects in education and social protection), GHG estimations will not be required. Assessment and management of adverse environmental risks and impacts during construction, operation, and decommissioning will be done according to ESS3 and Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSG). All measures required for mitigation risks of pollution through waste disposal, emissions, discharges and littering will be included in site-specific ESIAs/ESMPs. ESS4 Community Health and Safety Public Disclosure ESS4 is relevant. Community health and safety issues are typically associated with construction sites’ risks and impacts. Project activities will entail construction and rehabilitation of economic and social infrastructure as well as public works. Risks and impacts may include Gender Based Violence (GBV), Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) and Sexual Harassment (SH) risks, STDs, the spread of COVID 19 and others. Specific measures to protect the community health and safety (CHS) are relevant, as construction activities may result in an increase in movement of heavy machinery and vehicles for the transport of construction materials and equipment increasing the risk of traffic- related accidents and injuries to workers and local communities. Additional CHS risks may stem from the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI) under Component 2 that may cause injuries and side effects (e.g. low-grade fever, or pain and redness at injection site) and from people gathering for education services which may lead to spreading of communicable diseases (COVID-19). The social services will be operated by local authorities under the CDD model, so their management capacity will be strengthened. It is not expected that the project activities particularly, civil works and agriculture will affect negatively the provision and regulation ecosystem services however this will be thoroughly assessed during project preparation. Health and safety considerations including WBG General EHS Guidelines on Occupational and Community OHS issues related to CDD subprojects, IDPs and host communities in the expanded or newly constructed social infrastructures, including possible overcrowding, adequate hygiene and toilet facilities will be addressed in the ESMF. The ESMF will also address the risks of transmission of communicable diseases such as COVID-19. The environmental risk and impact on communities will be further assessed in the subproject specific ESIAs/ESMP to avoid or minimize or mitigate the impacts on communities. Each subproject will develop specific ESIAs/ESMP that will consist of the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during project construction and operation. Specifically, Jul 27, 2021 Page 11 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) to cover the potential E&S issues for ESS4, e.g. community exposure to health issues, safety issues of handling and disposing hazardous wastes, health and hygiene conditions, etc. Site specific ESIAs/ESMPs will include traffic management measures and the contractors’ Health and Safety plans will address health and safety risks to communities from civil works subprojects after environment and social screening have been conducted. Other measures are expected to include a combination of education and awareness raising to avoid and minimize risks to IDPs and host communities. In addition, to prevent OHS hazards resulting from design layout, material and equipment during operation stage, the standards for resilient construction of both conventional and unconventional infrastructures developed by the three sectors (health – “Hospitais seguros: Diretrizes de (Re)construção Pós- desastre para Instalações de Saúde mais Seguras”, education - Diretrizes sobre segurança escolar e escola resiliente códigos de construção and social protection – “Habitação Resiliente Recuperação, Infra-estruturas Públicas Resilientes e Recuperação Urbana Integrada”), will be implemented after a World Bank Due Dilligence is conducted to ensure that these standards meet ESF requirements and also confirm that these apply to community health and safety as well as OHS for project workers. The project will ensure that IDPs, particularly children with disabilities are not excluded from good access to healthcare, schooling, social welfare opportunities by providing adequate and universal facilities for them including Water and Sanitation for Health (WASH) facilities. The project will work with the IDPs and host communities, to raise awareness on Gender, GBV/SEAH risks and impacts and support the implementation of regulation and a referral system on GBV/SEAH. At the community level, the entry point will be gender focal points, who will be trained on GBV/SEAH issues and provided with tools (contacts of the referral system) to work on this matter. The project will conduct a SEAH screening, using the screenig tool and a GBV/SEAH assessment as part of E&S instruments and a GBV Action Plan will be prepared as part of the ESMF/ESMP. In addition the SEAH risks and mitigation measures will be re-assessed during preparation phase. Public Disclosure The project activities will take place in insecure areas or close to conflict afected areas in Cabo Delgado province, thus ensuring security of project workers, communities and activities will be a challenge. Considering the other WB funded projects nder preparation for the Northen region of Mozambique, the project will benefit/include a security risk assessment to be prepared and finalized by appraisal. The project will establish a partnership with NGOs to enhance the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to adequately and promptly address any potential project related grievance related to sexual exploitation and abuse. If the GRM directly receives a complaint of sexual exploitation and abuse, it will be recorded, and the survivor will be referred to the NGOs for assistance and, if needed, for referral to other service providers by the NGO. Service providers will also be trained about the availability of the GRM so that they can support the survivors of sexual exploitation and abuse perpetrated by the project staff who wish to place a complaint. The contracted NGO will keep pertinent information confidential to protect the privacy of survivor(s). The project shall strengthen the GRM as an entry point to receive complaints including GBV/SEAH through information and communication technology as one of the entry points for complaints including GBV/SEAH and, if approved by the survivor, immediately report to ensure that all complaints regarding gender-based violence and violence against children are immediately reported to the Government and to the World Bank. ESS5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement ESS5 is relevant as project interventions will require access to land and could potentially lead to land acquisition, involuntary resettlement, loss of assets and impacts on livelihoods. Potential social impacts and risks are expected Jul 27, 2021 Page 12 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) including economic impacts on Project Affected People (PAP) due to temporary or permanent land acquisition, implementation of economic and social infrastructure interventions financed by the project, rehabilitation, construction or expansion of economic and social infrastructures in areas affected by the project interventions. The Borrower will develop a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) during project preparation, to be completed by appraisal, that will include the procedures and approaches for land acquisition and will provide guidance for preparation of site-specific Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) as required before civil works commence on specific subprojects. Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) will be prepared, consulted upon, cleared by the Bank and implemented prior to commencement of any construction and/or land acquisition. The RPF will be included in the ESCP and will be prepared by project appraisal. ESS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources The ESS6 is relevant, although no significant conversion or degradation of natural and critical habitats are expected since most civil works and clearing of habitats for agriculture are likely to occur in already modified habitats. Initial screening for critical habitats at project geographical area has been conducted using IBAT tool and the following sites were identified in Cabo Delgado province: Quirimbas National Park and World Heritage Site; in Niassa province: Niassa Special Reserve, Lake Niassa Partial Reserve and Njesi plateau Key Biodiversity Area (KBA); and in Nampula province: Netia KBA. However, to avoid such sites and other risks and impacts on critical and natural habitats related to ESS6 the ESMF will include an E&S Checklist to screen out areas that qualify as critical and natural habitats as well as measures to ensure sustainable harvest of natural resources. In case it is not desirable or feasible a Biodiversity Public Disclosure Management Plan will be prepared consistent with the ESS6 as part of the ESIAs/ESMP. ESS7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities ESS7 is assessed to be not relevant as there are no identified vulnerable or marginalized groups with identities and aspirations that are distinct from mainstream groups as defined under the Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan Historically Under-served Traditional Local Communities in the project area of influence. ESS8 Cultural Heritage The location, nature and scope of civil works have not been defined, yet. It is possible that some works interfere with tangible or intangible cultural heritage. Screening on tangible or intangible cultural heritage will be conducted under the ESMF. The ESMF must have specific provisions for protecting cultural heritage from the adverse impacts of project activities as well as supporting its preservation, including meaningful consultation with stakeholders regarding cultural heritage. It must also include Chance Find procedures. ESS9 Financial Intermediaries ESS9 is not relevant as there are no financial intermediaries. Jul 27, 2021 Page 13 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) C. Legal Operational Policies that Apply OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways No OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas No III. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DUE DILIGENCE A. Is a common approach being considered? No Financing Partners No financing partners are expected at this stage. B. Proposed Measures, Actions and Timing (Borrower’s commitments) Actions to be completed prior to Bank Board Approval: The following instrument will be prepared, consulted and disclosed by Appraisal: - Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) including: Labor Management Procedures (LMP), Emergency Response Plan (ERP), Pest Management Plan (PMP), Infectious Control and Waste Management Plan (ICWMP), GBV/SEAH Risk Assessment, Chance Findings Procedures (CFP), COVID 19 Protocol and Systematic Capacity Public Disclosure Needs Assessment; - Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF); - Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP); and - Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). The following documents will be prepared as a draft by Appraisal: - Social Assessment (SA) and - Social and Conflict Analysis (SCA). Possible issues to be addressed in the Borrower Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP): Timeline for operationalizing SEP including the Grievance Redress Mechanism. Finalization of SA and SCA. Timeline for preparation of Regional ESIA, ESIAs, ESMPs, GBV/SEAH Action Plan and RAPs and other likely actions to be done during implementation. C. Timing Tentative target date for preparing the Appraisal Stage ESRS 07-Jul-2021 Jul 27, 2021 Page 14 of 15 The World Bank Investing in Inclusive Human Capital Development in Mozambique (P175298) IV. CONTACT POINTS World Bank Contact: Humberto Albino Cossa Title: Senior Health Specialist Telephone No: 5333+2346 / - -482-346 Email: hcossa@worldbank.org Contact: Lucia Jose Nhampossa Title: Education Specialist Telephone No: 5333+2946 / 258-214-82946 Email: lnhampossa@worldbank.org Contact: Samantha Zaldivar Chimal Title: Social Protection Specialist Telephone No: +1-202-473-8279 Email: szaldivar@worldbank.org Borrower/Client/Recipient Borrower: Republic of Mozambique Implementing Agency(ies) Implementing Agency: Cabo Delgado: Provincial State Secretariat and Provincial Executive Council Implementing Agency: Niassa: Provincial State Secretariat and Provincial Executive Council Public Disclosure Implementing Agency: Nampula: Provincial State Secretariat and Provincial Executive Council V. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects VI. APPROVAL Task Team Leader(s): Lucia Jose Nhampossa, Samantha Zaldivar Chimal, Humberto Albino Cossa Practice Manager (ENR/Social) Africa Eshogba Olojoba Recommended on 17-Jun-2021 at 15:30:2 GMT-04:00 Safeguards Advisor ESSA Ning Yang (SAESSA) Cleared on 27-Jul-2021 at 10:43:36 GMT-04:00 Jul 27, 2021 Page 15 of 15