Annual Report July 2019 - June 2020 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) with external contributions. The findings, analysis and conclusions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of any individual partner organization of The World Bank, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. Although the World Bank and GFDRR make reasonable efforts to ensure all the information presented in this document is correct, its accuracy and integrity cannot be guaranteed. Use of any data or information from this document is at the user’s own risk and under no circumstances shall the World Bank, GFDRR or any of its partners be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered which is claimed to result from reliance on the data contained in this document. The boundaries, colors, denomination, and other information shown in any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Cover image: Cochabamba, Bolivia. Photo: Design Pics Inc / Alamy Stock Photo. Table of Contents Foreword iii Abbreviations iv Executive Summary vii 1. City Resilience Program Overview 1 1.1 Program Description and Development Objectives 1 1.2 Outcomes and Results 3 1.3 Risks, Challenges and Lessons Learned 3 CRP Support to Cities around the World 4 2. Implementation Progress 7 2.1 Planning for Resilience 7 2.2 Finance for Resilience 13 2.3 Partnerships for Resilience 16 2.4 Monitoring of Results 20 3. Looking Ahead 23 4. Financial Overview 24 4.1 Donors and Partners 25 Appendix A. Key Trust Fund Data 26 Appendix B. List of Cities in the City Rsilience Program 27 Istanbul, Turkey. Photo: zeynep boğoçlu. ii | City Resilience Program Foreword A t the beginning of the 20th century, only 14 per- The City Resilience Program (CRP) — a partnership be- cent of the world’s population lived in cities. That tween the World Bank and GFDRR — launched in June proportion has grown to over half, and is expected 2017, supports cities in their efforts to build a resilient fu- to reach 70 percent by 2050. Cities are the world’s cen- ture by convening global expertise in city planning and ters of political life, innovation and economic activity—80 project finance, while leveraging advancements in digital percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) is gener- technology, urban planning, services and management ated in cities. But this concentration comes with signifi- disciplines, and expertise in disaster and climate risk cant challenges in the face of a changing climate. Poor- analysis. CRP has engaged with 105 cities in more than er populations are particularly vulnerable as they often 55 countries where it helps provide insight into spatial inhabit more hazard-prone areas and lack the means to patterns of development, environmental risk factors, and recover from economic or environmental shocks. These future growth trajectories to support resilience planning. challenges will only continue to grow unless urgent ac- CRP engages with international finance institutions, do- tion is taken. nors and financial advisors to deliver paired financing and expertise aimed at unlocking investment. Despite The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has put cities once the challenges brought by the COVID-19 crisis, the fiscal more at the forefront of the crisis. It has highlighted the year of 2019–20 (FY20) demonstrated the program’s abil- vulnerabilities of the urban poor, and the urgency of in- ity to adjust and deliver its products for diverse audienc- vesting in higher quality housing and infrastructure. It es, and to build partnerships for resilient cities. has underlined how governments, and cities in particular, need to plan and prepare to be able to cope with all types Much as the future of cities depends on their adaptabil- of hazards, including epidemic risks, and to address gaps ity to changing environments, the continued success of in their preparedness and develop a capacity to respond. CRP rests on our versatility in responding to shifting cli- ents’ needs and expectations. The world needs resilient cities to achieve sustainable development and reduce poverty. Many cities lack how- We are grateful for the support received from our part- ever expertise, long-term vision, ability to prioritize, and ners the Austrian Ministry of Finance and the Swiss State right framework conditions in order to tackle the complex Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) in growing the issues required for improving their resilience. Address- program to scale. ing complex resilience issues in cities requires greater amounts of financing, often from multiple sources, and a broader set of technical and institutional expertise. Sameh Wahba Global Director The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Urban, Disaster Risk (GFDRR) estimates that disasters cost cities US$314 billion Management, Resilience and Land Global Practice annually, and that climate change could put 77 million The World Bank Group urban residents into poverty by 2030 (GFDRR 2015). Sig- nificant additional financing is required to make urban infrastructure more resilient, especially in the developing world. Cities can be supported in these efforts by mobiliz- ing resources from donor partners around a broader ur- ban resilience agenda, and by working to attract private capital where feasible. GFDRR. 2015. Investing in Urban Resilience: Protecting and Promoting Development in a Changing World. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group Foreword | iii Abbreviations AA Administrative Agreement AECID  gencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (Spanish Agency A for International Development Cooperation) AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Development Agency) AFR Africa region (World Bank definition) AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment bank BDO Big Data Observatory (Online Tool) BMU B  undesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit (Germany’s Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety) BRGM  ureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (France’s Geological and Mining Re- B search Bureau) BRT Bus Rapid Transit CRP City Resilience Program DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DRM Disaster Risk Management EAP East Asia Pacific region (World Bank definition) EC European Commission ECA Europe and Central Asia region (World Bank definition) EIP External Investment Plan (EU program) EO4SD Earth Observation for Sustainable Development (ESA program) ESA European Space Agency EU European Union FY Fiscal year GDP Gross Domestic Product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GP Global Practice (World Bank terminology) IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IFC International Finance Corporation IFI International Financial Institution KEMENKO K  ementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan (Indonesia’s Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs) iv | City Resilience Program LAC Latin America and Caribbean region (World Bank definition) LVC Land Value Capture (instrument) MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund MENA Middle East and North Africa region (World Bank definition) MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency NBS Nature-Based Solutions PPP Public-Private Partnership RAS Reimbursable Advisory Services (World Bank product) RCA Rapid Capital Assessment (CRP product) RECIDE Resilient City Development (EU-funded program) RVO Rijksdienst Voor Ondernemend (Netherlands Enterprise Agency) SAR South Asia region (World Bank definition) SECO Secrétariat d’Etat à l’Economie (Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs) TTL Task Team Leader UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UR Understanding Risk (conference series) WBG World Bank Group Abbreviations |v Photo by © Rids - Unsplash. vi | City Resilience Program Executive Summary T his annual report summarizes the progress made In Irbid, Jordan, the program worked alongside a joint across the three programmatic areas over the course International Bank for Reconstruction and Development of the fiscal year 2020, in terms of expanding and re- (IBRD) and International Finance Corporation (IFC) team fining CRP’s value proposition and of continually provid- in the further development of land value capture-related ing support to cities to achieve their resilience objectives. mechanisms supporting new investments that brought improved services to the significant refugee population Activities began with the Resilience Investment Planning as well as to local residents. Workshop that took place on July 8–12, 2019, in Madrid, Spain. The five-day interactive event, organized in collab- The activities under the Partnerships for Resilience oration with the Spanish Agency for International Devel- thematic area have grown substantially in FY20. The CRP opment Cooperation (AECID) brought together 150 par- team has engaged with several new partners, in partic- ticipants from 24 city delegations and 20 technical teams ularly in Europe, to identify new opportunities for col- (figure ES-1) offering expertise around aspects of resil- laboration. In addition, the CRP team has supported the ience planning and financing as well as representatives negotiations of the resilient city development (RECIDE) from seven international financial institutions (IFIs). The program—a partnership between the World Bank, the event ran in excess of 100 bilateral meetings alongside Spanish Development Agency (AECID) and the European the workshop between city delegations, IFIs, and techni- Commission (EC)—with agreements under finalization. cal teams to help cities explore and refine their options for This partnership will utilize up to €100 million in guar- investing in resilience. The workshop catalyzed momen- antees provided through the European Union’s external tum around the three key programmatic areas of CRP— investment plan, and will be used alongside World Bank Planning , Finance, and Partnerships for Resilience. lending operations to help reduce risks associated with financing for cities. During the year in review, under the Planning for Resil- ience thematic area, the city scan product was improved In conclusion, while COVID-19 has slowed down much of to include several new areas of analyses, including iden- the operational work, CRP has focused additional effort tification of urban heat islands and a section focused on developing an internal platform that allows expert part- COVID-19. Demand increased substantially, enabling CRP ner firms to develop digital spatial technology products to leverage co-financing for most of the city scans deliv- on an on-demand basis, in publishing new case studies ered over the course of the fiscal year. CRP also started to that build the rationale for investing in resilience and expand the scope of city scans to inform project scoping. guide best practice, and initiating various activities as a For example, in Cali, Colombia, a city scan helped iden- result of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. City Scan upgrade, tify flooding risks associated with the construction of a Cities on the Frontline event series, etc.). proposed commuter rail system. CRP city scan exercises supported several non-CRP workshops, including “Under- In June 2020, CRP underwent an internal review process standing Risk” events in Tanzania, Austria, and Côte D’Ivo- to streamline and increase efficiency of CRP’s delivery ire (West and Central Africa) in collaboration with GFDRR. model, building on initial lessons learned from the first years of implementation. The newly proposed CRP struc- Under the Finance for Resilience thematic area, tech- ture with the three thematic areas (Planning, Finance, nical assistance activities focused toward delivery of fi- and Partnerships for Resilience) received positive feed- nancial advisory services to priority cities for mobilizing back from the reviewers, who also highlighted the value private capital. CRP has supported among others: (i) Dar added of CRP because of its unique role, operating on es Salaam, Tanzania, where flood control and drainage both the finance and planning side within the urban re- investments are being considered to catalyze urban de- silience space. Several World Bank units also highlighted velopment in an at-risk, underdeveloped area of the interest and areas for increased collaboration. CRP will city; (ii) Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire, where upstream business deliver on its objectives to scale in the years ahead tak- planning is being conducted for a sanitary landfill aimed ing these learnings from the past years into account. at eradicating contamination of drinking water sources; and, (iii) Quilmes, Argentina, where infrastructure and economic development opportunities are being assessed Maitreyi Das in a regularly flooded and underserved area. Several Practice Manager new engagements started in the fiscal year 2020 (FY20), Urban, Disaster Risk Man- including: support to the planning of an eco-industrial agement, Resilience and Land Global Practice park in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, and, support for trans- The World Bank Group action structuring and market validation of a transit-ori- ented development opportunity in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Executive Summary | vii Highlights 105 Cities 13 in FY20 over 50 Countries 30 4 Resilience Cities received Investment financial advisory Planning support Workshops 6 in FY20 1 in FY20 6 55 Knowledge Products City Scans delivered delivered 14 in FY20 4 in FY20 12 36 Technical Teams Digital Technology Engaged Products developed 5 in FY20 3 in FY20 viii | City Resilience Program 1. City Resilience Program Overview 1.1 Program Description and Development Objectives The City Resilience Program (CRP)—a partnership between the World Bank and GFDRR—is a multi-do- nor initiative aimed at increasing financing for urban resilience that was established in June 2017. CRP’s vision is resilient cities with the capacity to plan for and mitigate adverse impacts of disasters and climate change, thus enabling them to save lives, reduce losses, and unlock economic and so- cial poten-tial. The aim of the program is to catalyze a shift toward longer term, more comprehensive multi-disciplinary packages of technical and financial services, building the pipeline for viable projects at the city level that, in turn, build resilience. CRP pursues three strategic objectives to move toward this vision: Cities have increased Cities can leverage Cities have increased access to multiple global partner- access to tools and sources of financing ships to support technical support to ensure that more their resilience effectively to plan for investments in resil- objectives. resilience. ience come to fruition. Contributions from the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance, and GFDRR support CRP. CRP supports cities across three main thematic areas: Planning for Resilience focuses on providing tech- nical support to ensure that capital investment plans are risk informed. Finance for Resilience zeros in on capital mobilization around urban resilience. Partnership for Resilience concentrates on advocacy and convening global expertise. Together, these three thematic areas are key to helping cities address the resilience challenges of the future. Activities are planned and implemented according to these three thematic areas; each addressing one of CRP’s three strategic objectives mentioned. Planning for Resilience CRP develops and applies geospatial tools, case studies, and knowledge products as a starting point for engaging with cities on Cities face a multitude of challenges that are resilience planning that serve to strengthen inherently multidisciplinary, complex and in- the analytical foundation of resilience-in- terdependent in nature. The impact of climate formed investment planning, and expand and disaster risks must be addressed through the suite of tools available to cities. This pro- a multi-sectoral lens to manage these chal- cess is taken further through a workshop lenges and support resilient urban develop- series on resilience planning, where partic- ment effectively. CRP’s approach represents ipating cities benefit from a diverse range an effort to undertake a fundamental shift of technical expertise to help package, pri- in supporting cities tackle pressing develop- oritize and design resilience-enhancing in- ment challenges CRP pursues an integrated vestments anchored on World Bank Group and spatially informed approach that cap- (WBG) operations. CRP supports the incuba- tures the interplay between the natural and tion of applied technical knowledge to city built environments instead of dwelling on challenges, and works to develop competi- sectoral priorities. tive market relations that ensure that cities can receive quick and high-quality technical support when needed. City Resilience Program Overview |1 Finance for Resilience ploys a three-phased engagement process to mobilize financing: i) upstream general legal and capacity analysis related to proj- The global infrastructure deficit is well docu- ect financing in a specific city, and strategic mented and nowhere more acute than in the guidance to project teams on potential areas rapidly urbanizing poorer countries in Africa for expanded financing for urban resilience and Asia. Acting alone, governments often projects in the city; ii) financial and regulatory struggle to develop a pipeline of high-quali- analysis related to a specific project concept; ty projects that can attract private sector in- and, iii) specific transaction advisory and fi- volvement. Though government funding and nancing services. capacity in many countries are constrained, with appropriate support an opportunity may Services provided concentrate on connect- surface for governments to involve private ing cities with financial advisory services, sector partners to help deliver, maintain, and whether from individual specialists or firms, finance part of this gap. A shortage of attrac- that can help authorities understand the po- tive investment opportunities in all areas of tential to attract private sector participation urban infrastructure blights many lower-in- to WBG-supported investments. Jointly with come countries, particularly those that re- WBG task teams and city counterparts, the spond to the pressures of rapid urbanization financial advisory services explore the viabil- and climate change. ity concessions, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and land value capture (LVC) mech- CRP embraces the provision of upstream anisms as potential financing and funding operational and technical support pivoted components, and how these could be struc- on mobilizing public and private financing tured into the overall project’s delivery. around a broader resilience agenda. CRP em- Santa Fe, Argentina. Photo: diegograndi. Partnerships for Resilience CRP follows a three-tiered approach fostering city-focused collaboration within the wider World Bank Group: building external part- A persistent challenge for many cities around nerships with private, public and multilateral the world hinges on designing attractive in- organizations dealing with urban resilience; vestments. As such, cities experience a strong internal collaboration across the World Bank, demand to support upstream work to help and implementing targeted advocacy and prioritize resilience in their long-term plan- outreach activities. The program invests in ning. CRP can help cities en¬gage with part- building technical and financial partnerships ners with interest in urban development and for cities, including promoting technical and fi- disaster risk management, and priorities in nancial collaboration across World Bank Group financing efforts aimed at urban resilience, units; outreach to IFI’s development partners, capital mobilization, private sector develop- private sector investors, technology firms and ment and innovation. other actors in the urban resilience space. 2| City Resilience Program City Resilience Program Overview |2 1.2 Outcomes and Results CRP had already revised and adapted its de- CRP concluded its exploratory phase and en- livery model during FY19 with the aim to in- tered firmly into implementation at the end crease efficiencies and redefine its delivery of the fiscal year, thanks to the generated services more broadly. FY20, therefore, rep- demand for its services. The program under- resents the first full year of implementation went an internal review for this purpose that of this new delivery model. A specialized task concluded formally in early July 2020. Lessons team leader coordinates each of the three learned of the first stage of implementation thematic areas. During FY20, a senior urban fi- and feedback from peer reviewers will guide nance specialist joined the CRP team to drive the operational arrangements of CRP 2.0 in forward technical implementation of the “Fi- the future. The CRP team expects that the nance for Resilience” area. The twelve months existing structure will enable the program to of FY20 reporting period have shown that the offer higher quality and more comprehensive program has further enhanced its capacity services to cities in the long run. to offer more comprehensive services and a more structured support to cities (pages 4-5), thanks to the distribution of responsibilities among three task team leaders and the re-or- ganization of work in sub teams. 1.3 Risks, Challenges, and Lessons Learned As a donor-funded program, CRP relies on events impacted CRP’s delivery model, pre- existing and new donor resources to scale venting the creation of city-level partnerships up its program activities. Despite several do- and engagements that would predominantly nors expressing interest in the program, the result from workshops and meetings in the COVID-19 crisis has had a considerable set- field. As a result, the CRP team ramped up back on donor outlook. Partnering with other work under existing city-level engagements programs will be instrumental in leveraging and initiated various COVID-19 related activ- resources, while the dialogue with donors, ities such as the “Cities on the Frontline” event foundations and the private sector will con- series and the inclusion of new analysis and tinue as planned, in search for new opportu- layers into the City Scan tool. nities. At the same time, many countries aim to pur- The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, sue a green recovery from the COVID-19 crisis the announcement of global travel bans im- that would likely drive an increased demand posed from the beginning of 2020 the need for CRP services related to city infrastructure to adjust well-accustomed business practices investments. The prevalent financial con- as well as shifted attention of government straints, however, limit the program’s capacity and city officials toward emergency response, to respond to the majority of such requests. have significantly and adversely influenced the ability to initiate structured dialogue with Last but not least, building on the innovative city-level counterparts about resilience-build- implementing model, the CRP team has un- ing activities. Consequently, the CRP team dertaken a review of lessons from managing could not expand partnerships with addition- framework contracts with financial advisors al cities as had been planned. The cancella- to anticipate and address possible operation- tion of planned workshops and face-to-face al risks. City Resilience Program Overview |3 CRP Support to Cities around the World Latin America and the Caribbean Africa 19 34 4| City Resilience Program Europe and Central Asia 11 Middle East and North Africa East Asia 13 Pacific 23 South Asia 5 From inception till 2020. City Resilience Program Overview |5 Kathmandu, Nepal. Photo: DKart. 6| City Resilience Program 2. Implementation Progress Over the year under review (FY20), CRP has made significant progress in achieving its strategic objec- tives. This section summarizes the status of city engagements and key results as well as updates on work implemented under each thematic area. 2.1 Planning for Resilience The five-day Resilience Investment Planning als developed for the participating cities to Workshop, organized in July 2019 in Madrid, help visualize and explore built and natural Spain, was one of CRP’s key deliverables of resilience issues in urban environments. Sub- the year, bringing together delegates from 24 sequent days included sessions on deploying cities around the world. On day 1 of the work- geospatial solutions in cities and technical shop, the CRP team conducted a resilience guidance on developing infrastructure invest- enhancement session with city scan materi- ment pitches that boost resilience. City Scans flooding and erosion risks in the former and identify infrastructure deficits and vulnerable areas for post-COVID-19 recovery in the latter. City scans remained a prominent product for CRP produced nearly all of these city scans CRP throughout the year. The CRP team creat- with leveraged co-financing resources from ed two city scans for cities in Saudi Arabia to respective task teams. support a World Bank Reimbursable Advisory Services (RAS)1 engagement on identifying CRP codified the urban heat island digital and coordinating resilient urban investments, technology as a case study knowledge prod- and improving urban planning and neighbor- uct. The CRP team helped refine and validate hoods (box 2.1). In Africa, five city scans were the methodology, applying it to the King Ab- developed for cities in Nigeria to support dulaziz University campus in Jeddah, Saudi state-level engagements on cities and urban Arabia (figure 2.1). Results showed a strong risks. The CRP team also updated two existing correlation between land surface tempera- city scans for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Ban- ture and both built-up land cover and green jul, The Gambia, as task team leaders (TTLs) in vegetation cover, illustrating how transform- the two cities found the original scans valu- ing natural surfaces to artificial ones can in- able and wished to benefit from improve- crease their temperature. CRP co-authored a ments CRP had made to the product since. In paper showing the methodology and find- the Asia region, another four city scans assist- ings, publishing it in the peer-reviewed jour- ed with the country dialogue for new projects nal Land2. CRP’s production of city scan out- in Vietnam. In Colombia, CRP produced a scan puts involved more than just the city scans for the city of Cali that helped the task team themselves in FY20. The CRP team produced engage with the client on flooding risks as- several map layers used for city scan exer- sociated with the construction of a proposed cises in non-CRP workshops, in concert with commuter rail system. CRP concluded the fis- the program’s Partnerships for Resilience cal year with city scans used for scoping proj- thematic area. CRP first created a set of 14 ects in the cities of Conakry, Guinea and Pris- maps from the city scan for Dar es Salaam, Tan- tina, Kosovo, helping task teams understand zania, including four new layers, for mapping Reimbursable Advisory Services (RAS) are programs 1.  Abdullah Addas, Ran Goldblatt, and Steven Rubinyi, 2.  offered by the World Bank to its clients in middle and Utilizing Remotely Sensed Observations to Estimate high-income countries. Unlike lending products, RAS the Urban Heat Island Effect at a Local Scale: Case is an instrument developed to deliver advisory ser- Study of a University Campus, Land/MDPI, 9, 191, June vices to eligible clients requiring services that cannot 2020. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/6/191 be fully funded from the Bank’s country program. 2. City Resilience Program Overview |7 Box 2.1: CRP Supporting Urban Heat Analysis At the start of FY20, CRP, in partnership with GFDRR, developed a new digital technology product for understand- ing urban heat islands, which emerged as a key hazard in the Saudi Arabia RAS. CRP supported the creation of an urban heat analysis initially applied in the Saudi Arabia city scans. The tool uses open source satellite data that measures surface temperatures from 2013 to 2019, highlighting areas that are particularly hot or especially cold. The new feature can also show periodic temperature changes, and illustrates how urban heat islands fluctuate from one season to the next. Not only did the heat island analysis become a standard city scan component, thanks to CRP’s development of a replicable script, it could also be applied freely to any place in the world with mini- mal technical know-how. The tool even permits high-resolution visualizations of variation in surface temperature across areas of any scale—as small as a block of houses—showing how changes in land use and land cover affect urban heat so municipal decisionmakers can plan to mitigate this hazard. Figure 2.1 Scans of urban heat islands in Saudi Arabia Summer, 2019 Summer, 2019 Winter, 2019 Winter, 2019 High: 48.5 High: 48.5 0 0 500 500 High: 37.87 High: 37.87 Low: 40.4 Meters Low: 28.8 Low: 40.4 Meters Low: 28.8 Hexagons (depicted in gray) represent areas that exhibit the highest values using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (top two images) and the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) (bottom two images) in the summer (an average value above 0.115 and 0.043, respectively) and winter (an average value above 0.136 and 0.049, respectively), 2019. Units are in degrees Celsius (°C). 8| City Resilience Program exercises using overlays of transparency pa- The process of scaling up the city scan prod- per at the Understanding Risk Tanzania 2019 uct to an online platform is also underway. conference. Next, CRP team created 12 new Its first instantiation will be finalized and de- transparency map layers for Vienna, Austria, ployed in an upcoming Resilient Investment for the Understanding Risk Austria 2019 con- Planning Workshop with eight South African ference. CRP then created 13 transparency cities in November 2020. CRP has engaged map layers including two new ones for Kam- in an extensive process to scope technical pala, Uganda, used at a conference GFDRR capabilities and gather requirements for this organized there. Finally, CRP created sets of future version of the product, which will make transparency maps for six additional African it significantly more accessible to task teams cities for the Understanding Risk West and and clients, more interactive and responsive Central Africa conference that took place in to different resilience-related queries and in- Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, in November 2019. The puts, and more attuned to local conditions. engagements with all these cities as well as CRP is developing new COVID-19 and disease the wider set of conference attendees helped transmission-related data and analyses for the broaden CRP methodologies and branding city scan (box 2.2). well beyond the program itself, reaching even more government counterparts and extend- ing CRP resilience intelligence approach even further. Box 2.2: COVID-19 and Disease Transmission in the City Scan Figure 2.2 Scan of hospital accessibility in Kosovo CRP has been actively developing new city scan analyses and layers since March, related to the COVID-19 outbreak. For example, the city scan now includes a series of maps detailing the changes in economic activity in a city, on a month-to-month and a composite basis. The spatial results com- pared with the city scan’s summary of coinciding urban and national policy changes, highlights variation in policy adherence and economic action across the city., The city scan has refined its emer- gency accessibility map regarding health services and disease in general to highlight areas that are farthest along a city’s road network from a hospital. It also shows a new built-up area density layer, indi- cating where more interactivity between people is likely to take place, that cities may use to respond to disease outbreaks and for long-term health resil- ience planning. 2. City Resilience Program Overview |9 Technical Advisory Services government on opportunities for public land value capture, the siting of new public facili- ties, and generating economic growth. Beyond the city scans and their related tech- nical and knowledge products, CRP engaged In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, CRP pro- in several technical and analytical services. vided direct support for the establishment It included CRP’s ongoing cooperation with of the new COVID-19 big data observatory the World Bank’s Earth Observation for Sus- (BDO), in partnership with the World Bank tainable Development (EO4SD) Consortium, Governance Global Practice. BDO is an on- facilitated by the European Space Agency line platform that curates the best available (ESA), for developing an internal platform COVID-19 response, recovery, and resilience that allows expert partner firms to develop insights from non-conventional digital data additional digital spatial technology prod- sources, such as mobility, crowdsourcing, ucts on an agile and on-demand basis framed transactions systems, and text mining, linked within TTL needs for resilience knowledge to governments’ policy response design and and planning. CRP is also collaborating with implementation needs. CRP helped establish a World Bank flood risk working group that BDO’s future capabilities and the applied spa- aims to help TTLs quickly procure and access tial analyses it would use, and helped BDO high-quality flood risk assessment products kindle its support to clients. Separately, CRP from a group of expert firms vetted for tech- co-authored a blog about the use of satellite nical and operational excellence. nighttime light data for understanding the impacts of shocks like the COVID-19 outbreak CRP also collected and evaluated detailed real and how people adapt to them that can be estate data for the city of Monrovia, Liberia. used to help plan for long-term resilience. This effort helped the project team conduct a more comprehensive analysis of the city’s real CRP also expanded its internal partnerships estate market to drive consultations with the to support nature-based solutions (NBS). Figure 2.3 Scan of Rainwater Flood Probability in Maiguguri, Nigeria 10 | City Resilience Program These approaches—such as parks, wetlands, Further, CRP has begun several initiatives that tree rows, green roofs, bioswales, and natural will accelerate in the next fiscal year. First, waterfront defenses—use nature and natural the program will continue to support the features as an integral part of the intercon- internal flood risk working group on devel- nected urban hydrological, ecological, social, oping means to ensure faster, cheaper, and and economic systems. But task teams and high-quality flood risk assessments. With ur- governments often do not have sufficient in- ban flooding increasing in frequency and in- formation or tools to determine potential ur- tensity around the world and task teams con- ban NBS at the project scale. In response to ducting more urban flood analysis to support teams’ stated needs for clearer guidance on country dialogue and project preparation, rapidly assessing and proposing urban NBS the demand for such tools is expected to be investments, CRP is supporting the World high. CRP is also exploring other key topics Bank NBS for disaster risk management (DRM) to support the pooling of external expertise knowledge silo breaker in creating an urban for high-quality, rapid assessments, such as NBS rapid assessment toolkit. This toolkit will seismic risk assessments. In addition, CRP is help World Bank staff and government coun- exploring ways of providing support to task terparts collaboratively identify, assess and teams to monitor infrastructure construction prioritize NBS investments in cities. projects on a remote basis, saving costs and speeding implementation while managing COVID-19 and other risks and restrictions. Workshops preparation of city scans of the country’s eight metropolitan municipalities, the delivery of a resilient investment planning workshop for In South Africa, CRP started supporting a RAS these eight counterparts, training to a client engagement for building resilience into mu- partner on the sustainable methodology for nicipalities’ capital investment projects and creating city scans, and support for developing for preparing and prioritizing them. The CRP a resilience rating for capital investments and team helped scope the engagement and pre- organizing capital project portfolios as well pared the terms of reference, budget, and in- as delivering resilient project financing work- ception report, and will expand its assistance shops and assisting with real project prepara- significantly in FY21. Such help will include the tion in subsequent fiscal years. Case Studies across five cities around the world, including Wroclaw, Poland. The other is an assessment of the hazard of land subsidence in nine cities CRP team has also initiated two case study around the world, in concert with three part- knowledge products that it will complete in ner firms via the EO4SD initiative; the assess- FY21. One is a direct extension of CRP’s pre- ment uses two different technical approaches vious Wroclaw, Poland case study on the eco- to inform resilient project preparation deci- nomic benefits of investing in urban flood sions in the cities, compare the relative ad- protection—an extensive spatial analysis of vantages of the different measurement tech- the economic, population, and hazard risk im- niques, and potentially scale into a product pacts of urban flood protection infrastructure that can be quickly deployed in other cities. 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 11 Key Findings Key findings from this year’s work under the Planning for Resilience thematic area that are expected to guide future CRP activities included: The demand for spatial analytics and understanding remains high World Bank Task Teams continue to derive significant value from the analytic insights and investment guidance conversations that City Scans provide. In FY20 alone, seven Task Team Leaders who had previ- ously received City Scans requested new ones. Task Team Leaders have found success using the product in dialogue with clients, running workshops, and internal decision making. In several cases, CRP has performed deeper, add-on analysis of specific City Scan results in response to Task Teams’ interests, pro- viding further value for targeting investments upstream. TTLs continue to appreciate the fast delivery of this extensive product. The City Scan’s flexibility in multiple settings and objectives is highly valued As seen through the many non-CRP workshops and meetings in which World Bank internal CRP part- ners used the City Scan and its interactive exercises, there is a significant interest in developing and adopting different uses and teaching methods from the foundation the City Scan furnishes. The CRP is continuing to utilize different City Scan layers, formats, and exercises in various workshops, depending on the audience and setting. Furthermore, the City Scans developed for eight cities in South Africa are established as a simultaneous online platform and instructional facilitation tool, enabling a smooth de- livery of City Scan exercises in a virtual format. The modular aspect of the City Scan is key to its success in being applied widely to different contexts and purposes. Urban flooding is a key focus With urban flooding increasing in frequency and intensity in cities around the world, cities have greater need to understand its causes, effects, and potential solutions. Accordingly, urban flood risk analyses and flood-protective projects are an ever-growing priority. Support related to this critical hazard is a key focus for CRP for future Fiscal Years. The Program can maximize its role as the manager of the future Framework Agreement for urban flood risk assessment by supporting the preparation of these assess- ments and additional, flood-related analysis. Providing next-level technical support to cities is a growth area In addition to the City Scans, the CRP is increasingly being approached for deeper technical studies of specific urban and resilience issues. For example, CRP is providing a technical analysis of land subsid- ence in nine cities around the world. Other needs from clients relate to real estate market valuation, understanding urbanization processes, and developing spatial analysis platforms. Continuing to target opportunities for deeper technical support where CRP can provide the most value is an ongoing devel- opment practice for the Program. Utilizing cases to build awareness and reach clients As a young program, CRP is still developing its portfolio of product offerings. In some cases, the re- quests CRP receives from Task Teams may be narrower than what CRP can fully provide, because Task Teams may be less familiar with the full scope of CRP’s Planning for Resilience technical support. The more and more diverse technical work CRP leads and supports, the more the Program will be able to share examples of a broader set of completed products, building greater awareness and buy-in for further assistance. 12 | City Resilience Program 2.2 Finance for Resilience As part of the Finance for Resilience thematic area, CRP continued conducting upstream technical sup- port, and consolidating and sharing knowledge products through case studies and methodological notes. Financial Advisory Support structured dialogue with city officials about existing resilience challenges and investigat- ing possible funding and financing solutions Throughout the reporting period, CRP facil- for addressing those challenges; ii) analyzing itated financial advisory support for a total background economic, governance and pub- of 16 new and ongoing city engagements in lic finance conditions to better understand Africa, Asia and Latin America either through the underlying enabling environment for outsourced financial and economic advisory deploying a range of funding and financing services or by hiring specialized contractors. solutions (box 2.3); and, iii) carrying out pre- These engagements have evolved at different feasibility level financial and economic advi- speeds and can be grouped broadly by their sory services. stage of progress: i) initiating a formal and Box 2.3: Supporting project preparation in Peru and Bolivia La Paz, Bolivia. Photo: saiko3p. Lima, Peru. Photo: ErithJohn. Funding from CRP was instrumental in supporting project preparation of the National Urban Cadaster and Munici- pal Support Project in Peru (US$50 million) and the Urban Resilience Project in Bolivia (US$70 million), which were approved by the World Bank’s Board of Directors in January and February, 2020, respectively. In Peru, the National Cadaster and Municipal Support Project will strengthen urban cadasters in 22 municipali- ties located in four provinces (Lima, Chiclayo, Lambayeque and Piura) and improve local government capacities for revenue generation and urban management, including hazard risk management. CRP funding helped review gaps in local property tax revenue and assessed hazard risks in the municipality of Brena. It also supported a re- view of national policies on land use planning and disaster risk management in urban areas. The Bolivia Urban Resilience project finances investments in infrastructure upgrading and urban resilience works in the municipalities of La Paz and Santa Cruz. CRP funding supported analysis of the integration of hazard risk into project design, as well as potential for land value capture in areas where resilient public space was envisaged for financing. In both countries, SECO/SDC are in the process of finalizing credit proposals to fund complementary technical assistance efforts in urban resilience and municipal management. 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 13 The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, silient transport project, and provided advice resulted in a lower number of new engage- on the terms of reference for a transit-orient- ments this year and a heavier emphasis on ed development study in connection with a driving forward existing engagements. CRP projected bus rapid transit (BRT) line. also made good progress on some new en- gagements. For instance, in Dhaka, Bangla- As part of prefeasibility financial advisory desh, CRP initiated dialogue with local offi- services, the CRP team typically supports cials about the redevelopment of an 8-hectare the planning of urban resilience and renew- site occupied by a rundown Mohakhali bus al projects, assesses financing options with terminal and its conversion into a mixed- potential contractors, and explores possible use transit-oriented community anchored public-private partnership (PPP) land value by a new bus depot. Additionally, in Douala, capture opportunities. Examples from FY20 Cameroon, CRP supported World Bank TTLs’ included: exchanges with city officials about a new re- Engineered landfill sites in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, and Accra, Ghana. Continued support to urban revitalization planning for the socially and environmentally disadvantaged areas of Quilmes, Argentina. Upgrading bus terminal facility, supporting city’s economic resilience, and urban upgrading in Bamako, Mali. PPP structuring for the municipal solid waste operations in Greater Dakar, Senegal. An eco-friendly master-planned industrial facility and relocation of tanneries from the city center to the new facility in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Eradication of inappropriate or unbalanced logistic use from the city center, and a new regional wholesaling hub for fresh produce in Irbid, Jordan (box 2.4). Box 2.4: Irbid, Jordan The link between municipal finance, Land Value Capture and resident/refugee communities. CRP is working closely with IBRD and IFC teams to develop a comprehensive solution to the city of Irbid’s central market that has outgrown its city center location. With a rapid increase in population from an influx of Syrian ref- ugees, the relocation of the market provides an opportunity to unlock further economic development and jobs along with a revitalized city center. CRP is helping its team to progress technical land value capture opportunities in a way that helps the municipality make the most productive use of the IFC-led loan. In addition, the CRP team is working with IBRD and IFC colleagues to explore opportunities to access further concessional finance related to the refugee crisis, including potential collaboration with the Global Concessional Financing Facility (GCFF) that provides development support on concessional terms to middle-income countries impacted by refugee crises. 14 | City Resilience Program Detailed financial and economic advisory ser- tally-challenged communities surrounding vices provided by CRP aim to secure funding the site, and help city officials understand for resilience-building investments, facilitate the monetization potential of specific loca- urban revitalization and infrastructure up- tions. During the FY20 reporting period, CRP grades in underserved areas, promote eco- worked with city officials of: nomic change in socially- and environmen- Casablanca, Morocco, on the reuse and monetization of two underutilized public sites that were abandoned abattoirs and an obsolete municipal library building. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to explore land value capture opportunities on the 57-hectare urban site benefiting from the potential World Bank supported flood protection investments. Maputo, Mozambique, on land value capture opportunities associated with urban infrastructure investment and urban upgrading in Baixa and Katembe districts. Semarang, Indonesia, on opportunities for financing street lighting improvements, as an urban resilience measure, via a combination of energy performance contracts and land value capture. Tres de Febrero, Argentina, on land valuation by a specialized real estate firm in relation to a 1.2-hectare publicly-owned transit site with 60,000 m build up capacity. Vientiane, Laos, on land value capture opportunities associated with the redevelopment of the Mekong riverfront. Engagement and Outreach tions, financial advisors, and representatives of partner donor organizations on potential investment opportunities in delegate cities. During CRP-organized Resilience Investment Planning Workshop in Madrid, Spain, held in In addition, CRP contributed to the workshop July 2019, the CRP team supported the or- on spatial planning and investment prioriti- ganization and conduct of plenary sessions zation for Indonesia’s Coordinating Ministry on mobilizing finance for infrastructure that for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs (KE- included land value capture, guarantees and MENKO) in July 2019, providing an overview credit enhancements, and urban develop- and case studies of how planning and prior- ment PPPs, moderation of a round-table on itization of resilience-focused infrastructure finance related discussions during the work- spending in cities affects private capital in- shop, and bilateral meetings with city delega- vestment decisions in local economies. 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 15 Key Findings Key findings from this year’s work under the Finance for Resilience thematic area that are expected to guide future CRP activities included: Possibilities for greater engagement in the solid waste management sector Through the year with work in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Accra, Ghana, and Dakar, Senegal, and interest from other cities, it became increasingly apparent that significant opportunities exist for increased quality and availability of the solid waste management services, and that rationale might be strong for mobilizing the private sector to provide some or all of the investment and operation required. Over FY21, the CRP team expects an increased level of interest in such engagements including the possibil- ity of finding ways to standardize some parts of the project preparation or look for ways to extend the impact of support beyond individual landfills or accomplish both. The multidisciplinary approach needed for successful land value capture Work in cities such as Bamako, Mali, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Irbid, Jordan, ( box 2-5 ) reinforced the need for work on land value capture (LVC) to be undertaken in coordination with master planning efforts and operational considerations, often meaning engagement across a number of technical areas of expertise in city governments and WBG. The need to ensure comprehensive support As CRP supported projects progress through upstream support and into prefeasibility, CRP will look to play an increased role helping municipalities identify and access funding and technical capacity need- ed to take projects forward to a full transaction. Such end-to-end vision is critical to avoid stranded projects, and will be supported by further collaboration with other funding sources across WBG. The importance of building awareness The year has also shown, through the July 2019 Madrid workshop and subsequent work, the need to continue providing easily understandable and accessible information for cities and non-private capital specialists inside WBG on how mobilization of the private sector can contribute to project objectives, the options available, and how opportunity can be approached in an informed and well- planned manner. 2.3 Partnerships for Resilience The number of potential financing and techni- The resilient city development (RECIDE) pro- cal partners interested in the urban resilience gram made important progress in its estab- space is growing rapidly. Understanding who lishment and development in FY20. RECIDE can offer what value to cities, and how CRP is a partnership between the Spanish Agency could potentially establish partnerships in de- for International Development Cooperation livering climate resilience financing and tech- (AECID) and the World Bank, which allows nical assistance to cities, requires building and low-income countries to access risk mitiga- nurturing a network, and learning how to re- tion tools provided through the European duce transaction costs for cities. Commission’s external investment program (EIP) that the CRP team contributed to estab- As a global program, and benefitting from lish. The financial and legal agreements are GFDRR’s existing network and contacts, CRP’s being finalized by the partners, and the first task teams have, since its inception, support- guarantees are expected to be deployed in ed cities in identifying potential partnerships 2021 (box 2.5). on a local level to connect cities with the right partners, including through workshops and conferences organized and supported by CRP. 16 | City Resilience Program Over FY20, CRP continued deepening en- Finally, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic gagement in mobilizing co-financiers for CRP CRP and GFDRR, through a partnership with investment programs. Building on connec- the Global Resilient Cities Network, estab- tions established at the workshop in Madrid, lished a weekly speaker series that highlight- Spain, in July 2019 (box 2.6), CRP facilitated ed various approaches and resources avail- co-financing engagements with cities, in par- able to address the crisis. Speakers came from ticular with two engagements that had ad- across the globe and from a wide array of vanced more over the latter months of FY20, cities, ranging from Singapore to Lagos, and including a potential co-financing for a proj- Buenos Aires to Tel Aviv. As of June 2020, over ect in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, and one in Dakar, 5,000 participants had joined remotely to Senegal, both expected to be signed in FY21. learn from policy makers, city officials and sci- CRP will begin the process of following up on entists, and shared lessons learned and best additional co-financing opportunities initially practices. The series is expected to continue identified, and establish a structured process in 2021. and set-up for replication of such co-engage- ments over FY21. Box 2.5: Resilient City Development (RECIDE) Kigali, Rwanda. Photo: stellalevi. RECIDE is an effort to assist city governments in African and EU neighborhood countries build greater resilience to climate and disaster risks through attracting more private sector financing solutions, with a priority around invest- ments in flood protection, solid waste management, sustainable transport, and sustainable energy. The program attempts to target situations where infrastructure gaps represent untapped opportunities for private-sector en- gagement, provided that an appropriate investment planning and risk mitigation platform is in place. Through RECIDE, risky projects in challenging CRP client environments, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa and EU southern neighborhood, would be able to access a total of €100 million guarantees backed by the European Com- mission and AECID balance sheets. These guarantees will support the wider CRP objectives of increasing private investment in resilient infrastructure by helping make investments bankable for investors while controlling the cost at which this financing can be provided. The projects these guarantees back will be further supported by WBG and AECID through anchor loans to the rele- vant sector in the selected city. The anchor loan may be applied to a number of uses including viability gap funding, helping solve sectoral issues, and municipal reform that provide the environment needed to attract and make best use of increasing flows of private capital. Through FY20, the CRP team had established the necessary institutional arrangements to allow for implementation of this innovative approach originally approved in FY18. Furthermore, the team has focused time and effort on building a pipeline of investment opportunities that could benefit from the guaranteed resources. 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 17 Box 2.6: Resilient Investment Planning Workshop, Madrid, July 2019 Photo by © City Resilience Program - Flickr. CRP organized a Resilience Investment Workshop in Madrid, Spain, on July 8–12, 2019 combining work streams and activities from two thematic areas— Planning for Resilience and Finance for Resilience. The five-day in- teractive workshop brought together government officials from 24 cities in the global South, technical teams, as well as international finance institutions (IFIs) and donors to help cities explore and refine their resilience infrastructure investment options. The event was hosted by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID). Similar to previous workshops’ interactive approach, the week featured a mix of presentations, case studies, a mar- ketplace, and office hours that enabled concrete support from technical and financial experts to task teams and clients. The workshop consolidated the existing expertise both within and outside the World Bank, and presented each city delegation with support opportunities tailored to their project needs. On the planning side, cities were exposed to new innovative technological solutions, new ways of thinking around risk, and had access to various technical teams around topics ranging from solid waste management to resilient transport. On the finance side, financial advisors highlighted several possibilities to try to develop these concepts further into well-prepared, risk-informed and bankable projects. Cities themselves saw the workshop as providing them with a general frame- work to think about the most effective ways of unlocking private capital into their investment needs. An important newly added aspect of the workshop was showcasing and highlighting potential partnerships be- tween the World Bank and other IFIs and donors, and what they offer to client cities, and what is feasible to support. Various IFIs and donors, including AIIB, AFD, AECID, BMU, DFID and RVO participated in the event with the objective of potentially supporting project preparation or co-financing or both for select project opportunities. The event also provided an opportunity for donors and IFI to have bilateral meetings to enhance understanding of the range of projects and potential support to WB task teams. Several concrete co-financing opportunities were identified in the immediate aftermath of the workshop. Before the COVID-19 crisis hit, CRP took ad- services to a wide range of participants and to vantage of the Understanding Risk (UR) con- explore opportunities for collaboration. CRP ferences in Vienna, Austria, and Dar es Salaam, was furthermore showcased at a GFDRR con- Tanzania, in October 2019, and Understand- ference in Kampala, Uganda, in September ing Risk West and Central Africa in Abidjan, 2019, and at the World Urban Forum (WUF) in Côte d’Ivoire, in November 2019, as platforms Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, in February to promote the program’s capabilities and 2020. 18 | City Resilience Program Key Findings Key findings from this year’s work under the Partnerships for Resilience thematic area that are expected to guide future CRP activities included: The potential for partnership-building and collaboration in urban settings is wide, both in terms of types of activities and organizations/institutions with which coordination can take place. The CRP team will continue to focus on developing “quality”selected partnerships in areas con- sidered key for achieving its goals and bringing added value/ complementarities to the Program. Effective partnerships and platforms are important to enhance technical expertise and analytical work in support of cities. The Program will continue reaching out to partners in the urban and resilience space to promote synergies, share knowledge and identify concrete op- portunity for collaboration including through co-financing. This will also be achieved through resum- ing—when permitted— the organization of the CRP workshops series and also by presenting CRP’s key results and lessons learned in relevant fora. 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 19 Colombo, Sri Lanka. Photo: mbrand85. 2.4 Monitoring of Results Strategic Objective 1 Cities have increased access to tools and technical support to effectively plan for resilience Table 2.1 Intermediate outcome-level indicators for strategic objective 1 FY20 FY20 Intermediate Outcome Results Indicator FY18 FY19 Target Actual Cumulative # of digital technology 0 9 4 3 12 1.1 New digital technology products developed and knowledge products # of knowledge products developed to support cities and case studies developed in their resilience planning 0 1 4 1 2 which focus on planning for resilience # of city scans delivered to 0 41 15 14 55 cities # of CRP workshops 1.2 Cities provided with organized that included a 0 1 1 1 2 upstream operational and resilience planning focus technical support in areas of resilience planning # of cities participated in CRP workshops that 0 11 25 23 34 included a resilience planning focus # of cities receiving scaled 1.3 Cities provided with up technical assistance on support to design and design and implementation 3 4 5 0 7 implement resilience- of resilience-enhancing enhancing investments investments Progress Results FY20 3 new digital 1 case study was 14 city scans 1 workshop on No additional technology delivered on the were delivered resilient investment cities received products were codification of to Dammam and planning was scaled-up technical developed, urban heat island Riyadh, Saudi organized in assistance in FY20. including urban digital technology. Arabia; Benin City, Madrid, Spain heat island CRP helped refine Maiduguri, Port in July 2019 in identification and validate Harcourt, Warri and which 23 new by surface the analysis Yenagoa in Nigeria; cities attended temperature methodology, Ca Mau, Rach Gia, (total participating variation, flood applying it to Tra Vinh and Vinh cities were 24, event detection the campus of Long in Vietnam; excluding one city and road network King Abdulaziz Cali, Colombia; that had previously orientation. University in Pristina, Kosovo; attended the Jeddah, Saudi and Conakry, Durban, South Arabia. Guinea. Africa, workshop with a resilience focus). 20 | City Resilience Program Strategic Objective 2 Cities have increased access to multiple sources of financing to ensure that planned investments in resilience come to fruition Table 2.2 Intermediate outcome-level indicators for strategic objective 2 FY20 FY20 Intermediate Outcome Results Indicator FY18 FY19 Target Actual Cumulative 2.1: Upstream activities and developing knowledge products # of knowledge products and to help identify case studies developed which 0 1 1 3 4 opportunities in focus on finance for resilience mobilizing finance for resilience # of rapid capital assessments delivered to and utilized by 45 27 20 0 72 cities 2.2 Cities assisted in upstream operational # of CRP workshops organized and technical support that included a resilience 1 1 1 1 3 to mobilize capital for financing focus investments in resilience # of cities participated in CRP workshops that included a 45 0 25 23 68 resilience-financing focus # of cities receiving scaled 2.3 Cities supported to up technical assistance on mobilize capital for in- design and implementation 12 12 6 6 30 vestments in resilience of resilience-enhancing investments Progress Results FY20 3 new knowledge No additional were completed 1 workshop 6 additional cities products or RCAs were in FY19 and hence focusing on started receiving assessments completed in accounted for resilience financing scaled up technical were delivered, FY20. In FY18-20 in FY19. Going was held in assistance including an preparation of forward CRP will Madrid, Spain in or financial assessment on RCAs has been be deploying a July 2019, which advisory support urban regeneration associated with revised version of additional 23 (Ulaanbaatar, districts for the initial stakeholder RCA for engaging cities attending Doula, Montevideo, Mongolia project dialogue with with cities outside (total participating Dhaka, Maputo, team, a land-value- candidate cities for of workshops. cities were 24, Accra), and capture profiling whorkshops. Even excluding one city engagements for Kenya, and a though the most that had previously from previous FY’s capital investment recent workshop attended the continued. planning deck in Madrid was held Bangkok, Thailand for an Indonesian in FY20, all RCAs workshop with a project team. for paricipant cities resilience-finance in that workshop focus). 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 21 Strategic Objective 3 Cities can leverage global partnerships to support their resilience objectives Table 2.3 Intermediate outcome-level indicators for strategic objective 3 FY20 FY20 Intermediate Outcome Results Indicator FY18 FY19 Target Actual Cumulative # of World Bank technical teams engaged to 6 25 5 5 36 3.1 Technical knowledge operationalize and scale about resilience leveraged support to cities for application in cities # of digital technology firms engaged in 0 6 3 6 12 developing CRP products 3.2 Co-financing # of IFIs mobilized as agreements generated co-financiers of CRP 0 0 2 0 0 with development investments programs partners 3.3 Participation in international events to highlight CRP # of international events 4 3 6 5 12 programmatic approach showcasing CRP and showcase CRP products Progress Results FY20 5 additional 6 new No IFI co-financing CRP participated at Urban Forum technical partnerships with agreements were 5 external events (WUF) in Abu working groups digital technology signed during FY20 through FY20: the Dhabi, United were supported firms were built, Kampala Disaster Arab Emirates, in by CRP in FY20 including Indra and Climate February 2020. (Land Thematic Sistemas, S.A. Resilience Strategy Group, Social (Spain), New Light Workshop in Resilience, Smart Technologies Kampala, Uganda, Cities, Solid Waste (United States of in September 2019; Management, America), Nelen Understanding Disaster Resilience & Schuurmans Risk Austria in Analytics and B.V. (Netherlands), Vienna, Austria, Solutions). Bureau de in October 2019; Recherches Understanding Risk Geologiques et Tanzania in Dar es Minieres (BRGM) Salaam, Tanzania, (France), GISAT in October 2019; (Czech Republic) Understanding Risk as well as Planetek West and Central Italia Srl (Italy). Africa in Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire, in November 2019; and, the World 22 | City Resilience Program 3. Looking Ahead Plans for the Next Reporting Period W e are ready to scale having strength- nical expertise to design and pursue viable ened the CRP team and the CRP or- investment opportunities aimed at reducing ganizational structure, and from the exposure to climate, disaster and pandemic CRP experience to date working with more risks, and facilitate access to multiple funding than 100 cities. Some of our products, such and financing sources to ensure that those as the city scan, are likely to scale to several investments come to fruition. Specific efforts hundred cities over the coming years, but our over FY21 will include updating the early ambition is not primarily focused on serving stage rapid capital assessments to include a a large number of cities. Our ambition over structured review of identified investments, the next three years is to generate deeper and and seeking further mechanisms to link the better engagements with selected cities, to finance work of CRP with the planning area’s create transformative impact and prove that focus on resilience. CRP can leverage both technical and financial expertise, and to enable cities to do bigger Going forward, CRP will invest time and re- and better resilience investments. sources in expanding partnerships for urban resilience. CRP’s Planning for Resilience thematic area i) Outreach to international finance institu- will support cities in filling high-demand tech- tions (IFIs), development partners, founda- nical knowledge gaps by quickly facilitating tions, private sector investors, technology access to relevant expertise, and working di- firms, academia and other external entities rectly with partners on resilience understand- that may be interested in partnering and ing and resilient capital investment planning expanding support to the urban resilience in RAS and operational engagements. CRP will agenda in areas of planning and finance. also scale up its development of knowledge ii) Advocacy and outreach to cultivate an eco- products and resilience tools, strengthen the system of urban resilience actors. analytical foundations of resilience-informed planning, including a web-based version of The Resilience Investment Planning Work- the city scan that will significantly extend the shop series, already successfully delivered in ability of task teams and clients to realize ur- FY19 and FY20—once travel and presential ban resilience insights and facilitate planning meetings are again possible—will remain an decisions, especially from movement-restrict- important mechanism through which the ed settings because of COVID-19 or other CRP team can expose potential technical and shocks. financing partners to our city engagements at scale. Supporting cities in expanding the spectrum of funding and financing tools for investments CRP will also continue the virtual speaker se- in urban resilience will remain a key priority ries “Cities on the Frontline” to promote best under CRP’s Finance for Resilience thematic practices in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic area. CRP will act as a service platform help- by cities from around the globe. ing cities connect with the necessary tech- 3. Looking Ahead | 23 4. Financial Overview This section provides a brief overview of the In addition, CRP has benefitted from financial financial contributions to CRP since inception support through the core GFDRR MDTF. This and disbursement as of June 30, 2020. includes a US$1.78 million contribution from the Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance in The Government of Switzerland (SECO) 2018, and in total US$3 million from GFDRR pledged US$9 million in October 2017 to MDTF resources (figure 4.1). the City Resilience Program Multi-Donor Trust Fund (CRP MDTF) managed by GFDRR. Donor contributions for CRP total As agreed in the administrative agreement US$16,261,386 at the end of the FY20. Addi- (AA) between SECO and the World Bank, tional sources of funding from new donors the funds were allocated across four annu- are expected in FY21, including through the al installments. The first installment of US$4 RECIDE program which will be set up as a million was transferred upon signing of the separate program funded by the EU and man- agreement in 2017, the second installment aged by a dedicated World Bank team. of US$2 million was transferred in March 2018, the third installment of US$2 million In addition to financial contributions, CRP’s was transferred in March 2019, and the final work is to a limited extent also financed installment of US$1 million was transferred through reimbursable advisory services (RAS) in March 2020. An additional contribution of for middle- or high-income countries that US$2.2 million was received from SECO in De- are being paid by countries requesting these cember 2019 for urban resilience investments services. During FY20, Saudi Arabia financed in the Europe and Central Asia region. Since the creation of city scans through a RAS that the first installment, the Swiss contribution amounted to approximately US$60,000 in produced a financial investment income of staff costs. US$277,082.14 which has been added to the trust fund as stipulated in the AA. Figure 4.1 Sources of CRP allocations GFDRR $3,004,304.00 Austria Switzerland $1,780,000.00 $11,477,082.00 24 | City Resilience Program As of June 30, 2020, US$9.6 million of the total ing FY21 with a fund balance of nearly US$6.4 funding have been disbursed and US$305,911 million (figure 4.2). have been committed. As a result, CRP is start- Figure 4.2 CRP Trust Fund Balance Commited $305,911.00 Fund Balance Disbursed $6,381,223.00 $9,574,252.00 4.1 Donors and Partners CRP’s main donors are the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance, and GFDRR. CRP also collaborates with several international partner organiza- tions including the Spanish Development Agency (AECID), the European Commission, the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO), the Global Resilient Cities Network, and others. CRP cooperates with partners who have an interest in urban development and disaster risk manage- ment and priorities in financing efforts aimed at urban resilience, capital mobilization, private sector development and innovation. Co-financing arrangements with other multilateral banks are pursued either on an ad-hoc basis or through systematic arrangements and framework agreements . 4. Financial Overview | 25 Appendix A. Key Trust Fund Data TF Name City Resilience Program Multi-Donor Trust Fund TF Number TF072921 Activation Date October 19, 2017 Total allocations US$11,477,082 End Disbursement Date December 31, 2027 Donors Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) TF Managers Manuela Chiapparino, Stephan Zimmermann Supervising Manager Julie Dana TF Name CRP allocations through GFDRR Multi-Donor Trust Funds TF Numbers TF072584 & TF072236 Total allocations US$4,784,304 Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance (US$1,780,000) Donors Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (US$ 3,004,304) Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery December 31, 2027 (US$3,004,304) TF Manager Cristina Otano Supervising Manager Julie Dana 26 | City Resilience Program Appendix B. List of Cities in the City Resilience Program 1. Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 39. Freetown, Sierra Leone 73. Osh, Kyrgyz Republic 2. Accra, Ghana 40. Garowe, Somalia 74. Palawan, Philippines 3. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 41. Gauteng Province, South 75. Panama City, Panama 4. Balikpapan, Indonesia Africa 76. Penang, Malaysia 5. Bamako, Mali 42. Guatemala City, Guatemala 77. Phnom Penh, Cambodia 6. Bangkok, Thailand 43. Hai Phong, Vietnam 78. Port Harcourt, Nigeria 7. Banjul, The Gambia 44. Hebron, West Bank 79. Porto Alegre, Brazil 8. Barranquilla, Colombia 45. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 80. Pristina, Kosovo 9. Batroun, Lebanon 46. Ibadan, Nigeria 81. Quilmes, Argentina 10. Benin City, Nigeria 47. Independencia Area, Lima, 82. Rach Gia, Vietnam 11. Bethlehem, West Bank Peru 83. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 12. Bint Jbeil, Lebanon 48. Irbid, Jordan 84. Rize, Turkey 13. Blantyre, Malawi 49. Istanbul, Turkey 85. San Salvador de Jujuy, 14. Brena Area, Lima, Peru 50. Jakarta, Indonesia Argentina 15. Bucharest, Romania 51. Joub Janinne, Lebanon 86. Santa Cruz, Bolivia 16. Ca Mau, Vietnam 52. Kahramanmaras, Turkey 87. Santa Fe, Argentina 17. Cali, Colombia 53. Kampala, Uganda 88. Semarang, Indonesia 18. Can Tho, Vietnam 54. Kathmandu, Nepal 89. Sfax, Tunisia 19. Cap-Haitien, Haiti 55. Khanh Hoa, Vietnam 90. Sidon, Lebanon 20. Casablanca, Morroco 56. Kiev, Ukraine 91. Sousse, Tunisia 21. Chittagong, Bangladesh 57. Kigali, Rwanda 92. Tashkent, Uzbekistan 22. Cochabamba, Bolivia 58. Kinshasa, Democratic 93. Tirana, Albania 23. Colombo, Sri Lanka Republic of the Congo 94. Tra Vinh, Vietnam 24. Conakry, Guinea 59. Kisumu, Kenya 95. Tres de Febrero Area, 25. Cotonou, Benin 60. La Paz, Bolivia Buenos Aires, Argentina 26. Dakar, Senegal 61. Lalitpur, Nepal 96. Tunis, Tunisia 27. Dammam, Saudi Arabia 62. Maiduguri, Nigeria 97. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 28. Da Nang, Vietnam 63. Manaus, Brazil 98. Vienna, Austria 29. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 64. Maputo, Mozambique 99. Vientiane, Laos 30. Darkhan, Mongolia 65. Medellin, Colombia 100. Vinh Long, Vietnam 31. Davao City, Philippines 66. Mogadishu, Somalia 101. Warri, Nigeria 32. Deyang, China 67. Mombasa, Kenya 102. Wroclaw, Poland 33. Dhaka, Bangladesh 68. Monrovia, Liberia 103. Yangon, Myanmar 34. Douala, Cameroon 69. Montevideo, Uruguay 104. Yenagoa, Nigeria 35. El Alto, Bolivia 70. Nairobi, Kenya 105. Zanzibar City, Tanzania 36. Eldoret, Kenya 71. Nakuru, Kenya 37. Erdenet, Mongolia 72. Nelson Mandela Bay, South 38. eThekwini, South Africa Africa Appendix B | 27