72134     Region I covers the plateau sub-region in southwest Zambia and the Rift Valley region in South Luangwa and Zambezi valleys. This region receives less than 800 mm annual rainfall and covers about 15 million hectares, equivalent to 20 percent of the country.  Region II consists of the sand veldt plateau of Lusaka, Central, Eastern and Southern Provinces and the Kalahari Sand plateau of Western Province. The region receives 800 - 1,000 mm annual rainfall and covers about 27 million hectares, or 36 percent of the country.  Region III receives over 1,000 mm annual rainfall and covers about 33 million hectares, equivalent to 44 percent of the country. This region mostly covers the Copperbelt, Luapula, Northern and North-Western Provinces. Zambia has enormous economic potential because of its rich endowment of natural resources, and with a per capita income of US$1,070, has reached lower middle income status. Strong growth performance over the last decade (6.3 percent per annum between 2006 and 2010) is the result of well managed macroeconomic policies, high copper prices, and improved investor- friendly policies resulting in growing foreign direct investment. Despite strong growth in recent years, poverty levels remain high (60 percent as of 2010), and the benefits of growth have not trickled down and inequality is on the increase (the Gini coefficient has increased during the past decade from 47.4 to 52.6). Real GDP grew by 6.5 and 7.6 percent, in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and services, construction, and mining remained the big contributors to growth. This level of growth is above the sub-Saharan average of 5.5 percent during the same period, making the Zambian economy one of the fastest growing economies in the region. Growth has been led by increases in mining output, boosted by investments in the mining sector in early 2009; an expansion in construction activities; recovery of tourism after the 2008 decline; and a spike in agricultural production, including successive bumper harvests of maize. Services and construction together have on average contributed more than 73 percent to the growth rate between 2008 and 2011, with mining and quarrying adding about 14 percent. Shares of agriculture and manufacturing remain relatively small. High copper prices have driven the mining contribution to GDP. Looking ahead, Zambia’s medium-term economic outlook remains steady, but vulnerable to risks from a global economic slowdown. Real GDP growth is projected at more than six percent in 2012, based on the expectation of continued growth in the mining, construction, and tourism sectors, as well as renewed expansion in the manufacturing, transportation, and communications industries. 3.1.1 Unfavourable enabling environment              3.1.2 Incomplete wildlife policy reform             3.1.3 High cost of doing tourism-business 3.1.4 Insufficient financing 3.2.1 Management of some of the National Parks 3.2.1.1 Where funding was available 3.2.1.2 Where partners were available 35 3.2.2 Growth of the private wildlife estate 36 3.2.3 Contribution of nature tourism to the national economy 38 3.3.1 Inadequate GMA management 3.3.2 Possible confusion with ZAWA role 3.3.3 Lack of empowerment of users over wildlife resources management 4.1.1 Start with a clear vision 4.1.2 Ensure that all policy features are made into legislation 4.1.3 Finance conservation 4.1.4 Reorganise and strengthen ZAWA 4.1.5 Improve the business environment in tourism 4.2.1 Reclassify the protected areas system  National Parks  Game Management Areas  Wildlife Sanctuaries  Private Wildlife Estates  Natural Resource Sanctuary (IUCN category Ib: Wilderness Area)  Nature Park: (IUCN category II: National Parks)  National Reserves: (IUCN category II: National Parks)  Partnership Parks (Community and Private) (IUCN category II: National Parks)  Game Reserves (Community and Private) (IUCN category V: Protected Landscape)  Sacred Areas (IUCN category Ib: Wilderness Area) In Namibia the conservancy movement was stimulated by clear and deliberate devolution of rights over resources to communities as well as to private land owners. Conservancies made up of both private and community conserved areas, or joint ventures involving both, led to the development of CBRNM and to generating incomes from zero in 1994 to N$42.48 million a) Areas of paramount biodiversity importance to Zambia, the region and the world over b) Areas with high commercial potential for wildlife, forestry or fisheries management c) Areas that do not satisfactorily fit classification a) or b) 4.2.2 Encourage partnerships aspire to live in a strong and dynamic middle-income industrial nation that provides opportunities for improving the well- being of all by 2030� .  Developing criteria for selecting candidate protected areas for partnerships,  Developing partnership monitoring and evaluation systems and tools, and  Developing ZAWA’s capacity in the management of Partnerships through appropriate staffing, deliberate training and exposure visits to working Partnerships in the region. 4.2.3 Increase the role of Non-Governmental Organisations 4.2.4 Stimulate the privately-owned wildlife estates 4.2.5 Reform the management of GMAs  A deliberate policy by government to grant communities clear access rights,  Continuous capacity building efforts by dedicated stakeholders,  Communities empowered through joint ventures, and  Allowing communities with technical support from wherever it can be sourced to determine how best to use the land distribute benefits and make decisions.        4.2.6 Encourage CBNRM outside the public or private wildlife domain        4.2.8 Provide incentives for all forms of wildlife-based land uses 4.2.9 Align agricultural and conservation objectives 4.2.10 Are ‘Special Licences’ necessary? 1. 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