76819 2012/13 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON GENDER IN AFRICA ©2013 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. Note that The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Users guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Burkina Faso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Cape Verde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Central African Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Comoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Congo, Democratic Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Congo, Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Côte d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Djibouti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Egypt, Arab Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Gambia, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Guinea-Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Mauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Mozambique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 São Tomé and Príncipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Sierra Leone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 is a product of the Africa Region of the World Bank. Rose Mungai was the director of this book and its companions— Africa Development Indicators 2012/13, ADI Online, Africa Development Indica- tors 2012/13 CD-ROM, and The Little Data Book on Africa —and also led the work on data management, consistency checks, and compilation; and provided overall data quality assurance. Francoise Genouille coordinated all stages of production. The core team included Francoise Genouille and Ayago Esmubancha Wambile. Federico Escaler and William Prince collabo- rated in the production of The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13. The overall work was carried out under the guidance of Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist of the Africa Region. EEI Communications provided design, editing, and layout. iv The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Introduction The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 is a pocket edition of Africa Development Indicators 2012/13. It contains some 60 key indicators on economics, human development, and empowerment and is intended as a quick reference for users of the Africa Development Indicators 2012/13 book and ADI Online. The country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries in Africa. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 v Users guide Aggregates Aggregate data are based on the World Bank’s regional classification for Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, which may differ from common geo- graphic usage. Former Spanish Sahara is not included in any aggregates. Statistics Country data are for 1990, 2000, and the most recent year available, usu- ally 2010–2011, as economies were constituted in 2010. Regional data are for the most recent year available, usually 2009. Data in italics are for 2001–09. Consistent time-series data for 1960–2011 are available on ADI Online. Symbols .. means that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calcu- lated because of missing data in the years shown. < is less than. - is not applicable. $ means current U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted. 0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. Data presentation conventions A billion is 1,000 million. Growth rates are in real terms, unless otherwise specified. Data consistency, reliability, and comparability Considerable effort has been made to harmonize the data, but full com- parability cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting indi- cators. Many factors affect data availability, reliability, and comparability. Data coverage may be incomplete because of circumstances affecting the collection and reporting of data, such as conflicts. Although drawn from sources thought to be the most authoritative, data should be construed as indicating trends and characterizing differences across economies. Read- ers are advised not to compare data series between editions or across World Bank publications. vi The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Classification of economies For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,005 but less than $12,275. Lower middle-income and upper middle income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,976. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more. The cutoff date for data for this publication is August 2012. However, it must be noted that the database may have more recent data by the time of this publication. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 vii Country tables The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 1 Algeria North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,420 1,600 4,390 3,533 GDP ($ billions) 62.0 54.8 162.0 586.8 GDP growth (%) 0.8 2.2 3.3 4.2 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,833 1,794 2,232 2,313 GDP per capita growth (%) -1.7 0.7 1.8 2.7 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 25.3 30.5 35.5 166.3 Female (% of total) 49.6 49.6 49.5 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.5 61.7 68.2 65.7 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 53.1 61.6 68.5 65.4 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 87.7 62.2 46.3 52.8 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.8 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 80.9 55.5 39.6 44.8 Life expectancy Total (years) 67.1 70.0 72.9 72.8 Male (years) 65.9 68.8 71.4 70.9 Female (years) 68.3 71.3 74.4 74.8 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 4.7 2.6 2.3 2.5 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 54.9 41.4 30.5 23.0 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 67.6 48.9 36.0 27.0 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 102.2 112.3 113.4 .. Primary, female 86.0 103.1 106.8 .. Secondary, male 69.9 .. .. .. Secondary, female 53.9 .. .. .. Tertiary, male .. .. 25.2 .. Tertiary, female .. .. 36.6 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 81.6 .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 88.8 82.6 96.1 .. Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 72.4 82.2 95.9 .. Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 2 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 64.0 61.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 1.5 2.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 50.1 52.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 10.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 79.0 89.4 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 92.6 95.2 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 220 140 97 78 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 6.0 8.8 11.2 56.2 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 11.9 13.7 16.9 23.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 77.5 79.4 75.4 77.3 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 10.5 12.8 15.7 23.9 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,717 2,553 2,048 2,048 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 16.0 16.9 15.5 27.4 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 10.9 12.7 8.9 17.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 55.0 60.3 46.5 48.2 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 29.8 10.0 .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 29.7 20.0 .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 6,749 7,376 7,404 41,333 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 949 1,402 1,673 6,229 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 958 1,317 1,502 7,734 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2.0 3.0 7.7 .. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 3 Angola Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 740 420 3,960 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 10.3 9.1 82.5 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -0.3 3.0 3.4 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 819 656 1,369 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -3.0 -0.1 0.6 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 10.3 13.9 19.1 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.8 50.7 50.5 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 50.2 50.1 51.3 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 49.6 49.6 50.6 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 100.5 100.5 96.3 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 95.3 95.5 91.4 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 41.1 45.2 50.7 54.2 Male (years) 39.2 43.9 49.2 53.1 Female (years) 43.2 46.6 52.1 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 7.2 6.8 5.4 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 143.6 118.9 97.9 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 243.0 199.6 160.5 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 85.8 .. 137.3 103.2 Primary, female 78.6 .. 111.6 95.8 Secondary, male .. 16.4 37.2 43.5 Secondary, female .. 13.4 25.5 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.0 .. 4.1 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.2 .. 3.3 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. 78.9 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. 53.2 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. 40.0 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 82.9 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 57.6 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 80.8 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 65.5 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 79.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 19.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 47.3 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,200 890 450 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 3.8 5.2 7.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47.6 48.4 45.9 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 77.2 76.3 77.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 67.2 68.8 64.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,044 1,450 1,994 1,994 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 48.8 49.5 47.3 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 52.0 53.2 49.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 55.5 54.9 56.1 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 7,699 9,993 13,212 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,770 2,302 3,222 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,554 2,035 2,656 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 56.6 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 13.5 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 24.8 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 15.0 16.0 38.6 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 5 Benin Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 370 780 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.8 2.3 6.6 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 3.2 5.8 3.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 296 346 377 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 4.8 6.5 8.8 844.0 Female (% of total) 52.2 51.4 50.7 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.3 52.0 53.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 49.3 50.8 53.0 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 98.5 94.5 87.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.8 5.9 5.7 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 91.8 88.7 82.0 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 48.6 52.6 55.6 54.2 Male (years) 45.8 50.1 53.8 53.1 Female (years) 51.7 55.2 57.5 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.7 6.0 5.3 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 107.0 88.6 73.2 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 177.7 143.4 115.4 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 69.8 104.3 134.6 103.2 Primary, female 36.6 68.8 117.1 95.8 Secondary, male .. 32.3 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 14.2 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 6.4 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 1.5 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 60.9 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 26.8 53.1 .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 12.0 26.9 .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 54.2 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 29.1 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 64.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 43.4 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 6 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 17.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.1 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 5.9 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 29.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 84.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 60.5 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 46.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 74.0 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 770 530 350 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 1.9 2.6 3.6 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 42.5 46.5 47.5 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 89.7 81.5 78.6 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 58.4 65.2 68.5 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 607 755 995 995 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 42.0 48.7 51.0 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 55.0 57.6 57.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 79.7 62.9 56.4 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 3,019 3,517 3,920 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 450 584 652 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 645 800 949 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 43.9 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 27.5 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 22.5 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 3.0 6.0 10.8 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 7 Botswana Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,540 3,120 6,750 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 3.8 5.6 14.9 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 6.8 5.9 7.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,336 3,204 4,190 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.6 4.1 5.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 1.4 1.8 2.0 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.6 50.2 49.6 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.0 1.7 1.3 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.9 58.8 62.8 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.3 59.2 64.1 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 90.2 69.5 57.6 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.0 5.2 6.3 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 85.2 64.3 51.3 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 64.0 50.8 53.1 54.2 Male (years) 62.1 50.4 54.0 53.1 Female (years) 66.1 51.1 52.2 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 4.7 3.4 2.8 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 45.6 63.9 36.1 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 58.7 95.9 47.7 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 101.7 104.0 .. 103.2 Primary, female 109.2 103.9 .. 95.8 Secondary, male 38.0 72.7 .. 43.5 Secondary, female 42.2 76.5 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 5.8 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 5.5 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 108.0 101.7 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 81.2 86.8 .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 98.4 91.5 .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 83.8 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 84.4 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 93.7 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 96.7 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 8 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 44.4 52.8 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 15.5 41.7 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 42.1 51.2 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 96.8 94.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 73.3 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 95.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 94.2 94.6 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 140 350 160 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.6 0.8 1.0 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 46.7 46.9 46.3 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 81.4 81.3 82.8 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 68.9 72.1 74.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 165 234 264 264 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.7 47.0 47.7 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 56.6 56.4 57.4 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 64.5 62.3 61.8 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 14.7 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 17.2 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. 13.2 .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. 14.0 .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 620 772 845 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 94 149 179 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 111 131 138 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 55.3 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 16.4 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 5.0 .. 7.9 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 9 Burkina Faso Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 310 230 550 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 3.1 2.6 8.8 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -0.6 1.8 7.9 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 167 212 283 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -3.2 -1.0 4.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 9.3 12.3 16.5 844.0 Female (% of total) 51.0 50.8 50.4 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.1 52.2 53.1 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 48.2 50.1 51.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 101.3 95.3 90.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.3 4.4 4.2 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 96.0 90.9 86.4 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 48.5 50.2 54.9 54.2 Male (years) 47.3 49.2 54.0 53.1 Female (years) 49.7 51.3 55.9 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.8 6.3 5.9 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 103.4 98.1 92.6 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 204.5 190.8 176.2 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 39.8 49.2 79.1 103.2 Primary, female 25.2 35.1 72.0 95.8 Secondary, male .. 11.7 23.4 43.5 Secondary, female .. 7.7 17.9 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.1 1.5 4.5 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.3 0.5 2.1 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 70.2 87.7 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 24.3 27.9 47.8 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 14.1 19.5 42.3 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 10 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 17.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 13.3 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 31.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 85.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 32.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 53.5 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 700 450 300 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 4.1 5.5 7.5 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 48.5 48.2 47.6 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 92.1 91.2 91.1 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 79.3 79.5 79.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,480 1,998 2,562 2,562 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.5 46.4 46.5 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 74.7 73.5 72.7 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 84.9 82.8 81.4 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 8,616 11,339 15,160 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,813 2,403 3,320 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,929 2,579 3,588 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 19.2 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 11.3 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 9.4 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 8.0 15.3 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 11 Burundi Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 210 130 230 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.1 0.8 2.0 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 3.5 -0.9 3.8 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 182 131 138 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.0 -2.3 1.2 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 5.6 6.4 8.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 51.3 51.5 50.9 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.4 1.4 2.6 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.9 51.7 59.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.6 50.0 59.0 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 91.3 96.5 68.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.1 5.8 4.8 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 85.3 90.7 63.9 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 46.2 46.0 49.9 54.2 Male (years) 44.7 44.8 48.5 53.1 Female (years) 47.9 47.2 51.3 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.5 5.8 4.3 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 110.0 99.7 87.8 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 183.2 163.8 141.9 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 77.4 69.8 157.3 103.2 Primary, female 62.2 55.8 155.3 95.8 Secondary, male 5.9 .. 28.9 43.5 Secondary, female 3.7 .. 20.7 35.6 Tertiary, male 0.9 1.7 4.2 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.4 0.6 2.3 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 79.0 .. 93.9 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 48.2 28.7 57.4 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 33.6 23.9 54.9 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) 48.2 67.3 72.6 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) 27.5 52.2 60.9 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) 59.5 76.8 76.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) 48.0 70.4 76.3 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 12 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 15.7 21.9 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.2 0.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 10.0 7.5 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 78.0 98.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 12.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 25.2 60.3 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,100 1,000 800 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.8 2.9 4.3 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 52.5 53.2 52.1 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 90.8 85.0 82.6 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 91.8 86.8 84.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 872 903 1,239 1,239 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 51.8 52.0 52.8 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 84.3 72.9 68.4 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 79.0 68.3 61.7 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) 0.7 .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) 0.3 .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) 1.0 .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) 0.4 .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 5,156 5,790 7,481 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,419 1,555 2,095 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,127 1,198 1,646 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 6.0 32.1 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 13 Cameroon Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 910 630 1,200 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 11.2 10.1 22.5 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -6.1 4.2 3.2 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 722 643 714 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -8.8 1.8 1.0 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 12.2 15.7 19.6 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.3 50.2 50.1 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.5 53.8 55.9 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.0 53.5 55.9 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 95.1 86.3 78.9 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.9 6.6 6.3 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 88.2 79.8 72.6 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 53.3 50.1 51.1 54.2 Male (years) 51.8 49.0 50.1 53.1 Female (years) 54.8 51.2 52.1 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.9 5.0 4.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 85.2 90.8 84.4 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 136.6 147.5 136.2 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 103.4 94.4 128.6 103.2 Primary, female 88.8 80.5 110.9 95.8 Secondary, male 29.4 .. 46.0 43.5 Secondary, female 20.2 .. 38.4 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. 12.6 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. 10.3 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 82.3 .. 85.4 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 56.1 54.5 84.9 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 52.3 47.4 72.4 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 79.2 .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 58.7 .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 88.4 .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 78.0 .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 14 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 25.6 29.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 1.9 6.5 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 6.3 12.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 2.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 75.3 84.7 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 27.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 60.0 63.0 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 670 730 690 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 4.5 6.2 8.2 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 41.8 45.1 45.7 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 79.7 76.8 77.4 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 56.7 63.2 65.6 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,099 1,530 1,939 1,939 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 43.0 45.8 46.2 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 41.2 43.9 44.4 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 54.5 51.5 51.2 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 7,854 8,338 8,018 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,484 1,676 1,690 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,602 1,806 1,878 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 15.7 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 10.0 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 24.0 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 14.0 6.0 13.9 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 15 Cape Verde Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 870 1,390 3,280 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.5 1.7 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 0.7 16.8 5.2 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 804 1,233 1,959 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -0.9 14.7 4.3 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.3 0.4 0.5 844.0 Female (% of total) 52.3 51.7 50.5 50.0 Population growth (%) 1.6 1.8 0.9 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.6 53.7 61.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 47.7 52.1 63.1 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 101.0 88.9 60.5 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 9.7 10.0 9.5 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 91.3 78.9 51.0 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 65.1 69.4 73.8 54.2 Male (years) 62.1 65.5 70.1 53.1 Female (years) 68.2 73.6 77.7 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.3 3.7 2.4 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 45.8 36.7 29.2 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 59.2 46.0 35.6 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 116.3 127.0 113.9 103.2 Primary, female 108.8 121.7 105.3 95.8 Secondary, male 20.4 .. 79.7 43.5 Secondary, female 20.1 .. 95.4 35.6 Tertiary, male 0.0 1.9 15.6 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.0 1.9 20.2 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94.0 .. 104.2 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 56.6 106.0 100.1 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 50.8 108.5 97.7 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) 74.8 .. 90.1 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) 53.0 .. 80.2 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) 89.9 .. 97.3 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) 86.4 .. 99.0 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 16 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 61.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 6.1 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 57.1 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 97.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 72.3 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 77.5 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 200 170 79 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.1 0.2 0.2 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 36.9 38.1 38.4 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 87.7 86.4 86.1 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 44.8 49.8 54.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 43 55 68 68 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 37.2 38.2 38.2 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 47.6 46.4 46.4 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 78.9 74.8 72.6 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) 23.3 .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) 22.6 .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) 40.7 .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) 42.1 .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 106 101 84 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 13 13 13 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 21 21 19 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 33.1 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 16.7 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 12.0 11.0 18.1 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 17 Central African Republic Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 280 470 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.5 1.0 2.0 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -2.1 2.3 3.3 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 278 259 240 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -4.4 0.4 1.4 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 2.9 3.7 4.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.9 50.9 50.7 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.0 54.2 55.6 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.6 53.9 55.6 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 89.4 85.1 79.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 7.6 7.3 7.1 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 81.8 77.8 72.6 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 48.8 43.7 47.6 54.2 Male (years) 46.6 42.2 46.1 53.1 Female (years) 51.2 45.2 49.2 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.8 5.4 4.6 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 110.1 114.7 106.0 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 165.2 175.9 158.8 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 87.1 .. 109.3 103.2 Primary, female 54.5 .. 77.7 95.8 Secondary, male 16.4 .. 16.0 43.5 Secondary, female 6.5 .. 9.3 35.6 Tertiary, male 2.3 3.2 3.9 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.4 0.6 1.2 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 59.1 .. 69.4 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 42.0 .. 52.3 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 18.9 .. 30.1 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 64.8 69.1 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 33.5 42.1 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 70.3 72.2 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 46.9 57.3 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 18 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 27.9 19.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.9 3.5 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 6.9 8.6 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 62.0 69.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 34.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 44.1 43.7 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 930 1,000 890 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 1.3 1.7 2.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.7 46.4 47.1 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 87.6 86.4 85.5 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 69.7 71.1 72.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 349 467 571 571 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 45.3 45.6 46.1 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 57.8 57.4 57.2 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 71.1 69.8 68.3 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 2,349 2,686 2,783 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 519 599 624 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 519 589 630 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 53.3 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 12.2 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 4.0 7.0 9.6 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 19 Chad Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 180 710 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.7 1.4 8.5 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -4.2 -0.9 13.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 184 168 300 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -7.1 -4.2 10.1 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 6.0 8.2 11.2 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.6 50.4 50.3 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.1 3.4 2.6 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 50.9 51.2 51.8 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.5 50.8 51.5 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 97.1 96.2 93.5 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.9 6.2 5.6 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 90.2 90.0 87.9 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 50.7 48.5 49.2 54.2 Male (years) 49.0 47.1 47.8 53.1 Female (years) 52.4 50.0 50.7 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.7 6.6 6.0 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 112.8 105.4 98.9 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 207.3 189.5 173.4 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 68.6 83.9 107.0 103.2 Primary, female 30.0 51.3 78.0 95.8 Secondary, male 10.7 16.9 34.6 43.5 Secondary, female 2.3 4.8 14.6 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 1.4 3.7 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 0.2 0.6 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 40.9 55.9 65.8 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 26.4 32.7 43.2 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 6.2 13.1 25.8 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 40.8 44.5 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 12.8 23.1 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 55.7 53.5 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 23.2 39.0 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 20 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 7.9 4.8 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.0 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 2.1 .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 41.6 53.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 23.1 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 6.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 16.3 22.7 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 920 1,100 1,100 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.4 3.2 4.4 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.3 45.5 45.3 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 80.9 80.1 80.2 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 64.9 65.2 65.2 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 625 908 1,255 1,255 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 50.6 50.0 49.6 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 57.0 56.7 56.3 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 56.7 56.9 57.0 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 4,981 6,197 7,372 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 859 1,247 1,684 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,030 1,171 1,278 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 40.1 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 6.8 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 19.6 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 2.0 5.2 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 21 Comoros Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 380 750 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.2 0.5 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 5.1 1.4 2.1 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 413 359 336 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.6 -1.2 -0.5 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.4 0.6 0.7 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.0 49.8 49.6 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 50.8 55.9 54.8 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.7 55.7 54.5 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 97.0 79.2 82.9 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.9 5.2 5.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 91.1 74.0 77.9 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 55.6 57.9 60.6 54.2 Male (years) 53.7 56.3 59.3 53.1 Female (years) 57.6 59.5 62.0 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 87.9 74.7 62.8 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 125.2 104.3 85.6 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 99.8 121.2 .. 103.2 Primary, female 69.9 103.2 .. 95.8 Secondary, male .. 31.8 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 26.0 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.1 1.5 9.1 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.2 1.1 6.7 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 84.2 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 74.5 79.7 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 63.5 68.7 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 84.0 85.8 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 77.6 84.7 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 22 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 25.7 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.7 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 19.3 .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 74.3 .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 61.8 .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 440 340 280 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.1 0.2 0.2 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 25.6 28.0 30.2 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 80.3 78.7 80.8 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 27.6 30.8 35.4 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 35 50 53 53 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 28.6 30.0 30.2 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 23.8 24.0 24.7 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 57.1 54.9 54.1 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 339 414 510 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 68 87 115 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 67 84 107 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 0.0 .. 3.0 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 23 Congo, Democratic Republic of Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 90 180 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 9.3 4.3 13.1 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -6.6 -6.9 7.2 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 210 87 106 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -9.9 -9.1 4.3 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 36.4 49.6 66.0 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.6 50.4 50.3 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.6 2.4 2.7 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 50.5 49.6 51.1 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 49.8 49.1 51.0 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 99.3 102.6 95.9 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 93.7 97.2 90.6 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 46.8 45.7 48.1 54.2 Male (years) 45.5 44.4 46.5 53.1 Female (years) 48.3 47.0 49.7 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 7.1 6.9 5.8 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 117.3 117.3 111.7 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 181.4 181.4 169.9 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 66.6 .. 100.4 103.2 Primary, female 46.9 .. 87.0 95.8 Secondary, male .. .. 47.8 43.5 Secondary, female .. .. 27.6 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. 78.5 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. 66.9 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. 50.4 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 79.5 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 54.9 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 73.3 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 62.1 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 24 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 17.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 2.5 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 5.5 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 24.4 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 87.7 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 44.7 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 79.3 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 930 770 540 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 13.7 18.5 25.3 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 48.7 50.1 49.9 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 74.9 73.0 72.6 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 68.6 71.3 70.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 3,075 4,339 6,057 6,057 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 55.5 54.9 53.9 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 50.7 50.8 49.1 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 40.6 41.6 41.8 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 24,555 30,823 37,742 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 4,815 5,642 6,901 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 4,645 6,052 7,293 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 38.9 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 13.7 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 20.8 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 5.0 .. 8.4 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 25 Congo, Republic of Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 910 560 2,240 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.8 3.2 12.0 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 1.0 7.6 8.8 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,170 1,027 1,253 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -1.7 4.8 6.0 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 2.4 3.1 4.0 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.2 50.0 49.9 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.7 54.8 55.7 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.3 54.7 55.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 90.4 82.7 79.4 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 7.1 6.8 6.6 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 83.3 75.9 72.8 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 56.2 54.1 57.0 54.2 Male (years) 54.9 53.2 55.7 53.1 Female (years) 57.7 55.1 58.2 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 73.7 66.9 60.8 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 116.3 104.2 93.4 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 126.2 90.4 117.9 103.2 Primary, female 118.3 84.0 112.0 95.8 Secondary, male 54.0 41.8 .. 43.5 Secondary, female 41.1 29.4 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male 8.0 7.9 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 1.6 2.5 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 88.5 85.8 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 59.3 .. 72.8 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 58.3 .. 68.8 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 26 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 44.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 8.9 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 12.7 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 16.2 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 85.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 74.7 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 12.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 83.4 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 420 540 560 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.9 1.3 1.7 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.5 48.1 48.6 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 74.1 72.5 73.8 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 60.5 66.1 69.7 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 216 287 352 352 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 48.6 49.8 49.7 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 44.8 44.8 44.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 47.1 44.9 45.1 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 1,145 1,255 1,291 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 264 294 295 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 183 208 229 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 31.8 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 17.2 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 23.3 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 14.0 12.0 7.3 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 27 Côte d’Ivoire Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 740 650 1,170 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 10.8 10.4 22.9 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -1.1 -3.7 2.4 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 663 628 588 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -4.4 -5.7 0.4 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 12.5 16.6 19.7 844.0 Female (% of total) 48.1 48.5 49.0 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.4 2.1 2.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 50.5 54.0 54.8 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 53.8 56.1 55.7 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 91.5 81.6 80.9 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.1 5.6 6.9 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 86.4 76.0 74.1 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 52.6 50.2 54.7 54.2 Male (years) 51.1 49.2 53.7 53.1 Female (years) 54.3 51.1 55.9 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.3 5.2 4.4 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 104.6 100.2 85.9 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 151.4 147.7 123.0 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 79.0 85.0 .. 103.2 Primary, female 56.3 63.6 .. 95.8 Secondary, male .. 30.6 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 16.6 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 9.5 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 3.7 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 69.3 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 49.8 52.3 .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 30.3 33.0 .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 60.8 64.7 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 38.6 45.3 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 70.8 72.1 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 52.1 61.0 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 28 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 12.9 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 8.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 28.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 87.6 84.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 45.3 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 54.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 62.8 56.8 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 710 590 400 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 4.6 6.4 7.8 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 30.1 35.0 37.4 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 88.3 82.2 81.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 44.3 49.5 52.4 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,252 1,739 2,047 2,047 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 33.7 39.3 39.6 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 37.7 40.5 40.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 71.9 62.0 61.7 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 7,437 8,085 7,484 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 957 1,074 1,016 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,729 1,872 1,799 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 61.9 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 0.0 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 6.0 .. 8.9 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 29 Djibouti North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 750 .. 3,533 GDP ($ billions) 0.5 0.6 .. 586.8 GDP growth (%) .. 0.4 .. 4.2 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,174 753 .. 2,313 GDP per capita growth (%) .. -2.4 .. 2.7 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.6 0.7 0.9 166.3 Female (% of total) 50.1 50.1 50.0 50.0 Population growth (%) 5.0 2.8 1.9 1.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.6 56.0 60.8 65.7 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 53.2 55.9 60.9 65.4 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 87.2 78.8 64.2 52.8 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 4.5 4.9 5.4 7.8 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 82.7 73.9 58.8 44.8 Life expectancy Total (years) 51.4 53.9 57.5 72.8 Male (years) 49.9 52.5 56.1 70.9 Female (years) 52.9 55.3 59.0 74.8 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.2 4.8 3.8 2.5 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 95.0 83.1 73.0 23.0 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 122.7 105.6 91.1 27.0 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 41.3 37.1 .. .. Primary, female 30.2 27.2 .. .. Secondary, male 12.6 16.4 .. .. Secondary, female 8.8 10.8 .. .. Tertiary, male .. 0.3 .. .. Tertiary, female .. 0.3 .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 72.2 71.0 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 32.9 .. .. Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 22.6 .. .. Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 30 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 22.5 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 0.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 17.1 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 22.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 92.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 10.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 92.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 290 290 200 78 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.1 0.2 0.3 56.2 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 29.5 32.4 34.8 23.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 68.4 68.4 69.3 77.3 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 28.6 32.9 37.4 23.9 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 52 67 84 2,048 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 44.2 44.8 45.2 27.4 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 41.8 41.0 40.3 17.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 51.7 49.6 47.8 48.2 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 461 573 658 41,333 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 84 108 132 6,229 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 98 125 153 7,734 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 0.0 0.0 13.8 .. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 31 Egypt, Arab Republic of North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 750 1,440 2,420 3,533 GDP ($ billions) 43.1 99.8 218.9 586.8 GDP growth (%) 5.7 5.4 5.2 4.2 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,154 1,476 1,976 2,313 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.7 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 56.8 67.6 81.1 166.3 Female (% of total) 49.7 49.7 49.8 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 55.5 59.6 63.5 65.7 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 55.1 59.5 63.4 65.4 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 80.9 67.9 57.6 52.8 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.8 7.4 7.9 7.8 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 74.2 60.5 49.7 44.8 Life expectancy Total (years) 62.0 69.1 73.0 72.8 Male (years) 60.4 67.3 71.1 70.9 Female (years) 63.7 71.0 75.0 74.8 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 4.4 3.3 2.7 2.5 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 67.8 37.0 18.6 23.0 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 93.5 46.5 21.8 27.0 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 93.5 101.9 102.8 .. Primary, female 78.4 93.7 98.4 .. Secondary, male 77.6 85.9 73.9 .. Secondary, female 59.4 79.1 71.1 .. Tertiary, male 18.3 .. 34.0 .. Tertiary, female 9.6 .. 30.7 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 80.5 92.1 95.9 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 97.9 .. .. Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 90.6 .. .. Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 32 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 56.1 60.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 1.0 0.7 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 53.9 57.6 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. 10.7 9.2 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 52.9 73.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. 36.7 66.0 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 60.9 78.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 230 100 66 78 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 16.8 20.1 27.1 56.2 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 26.5 21.5 24.2 23.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 76.2 76.2 78.1 77.3 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 27.9 21.3 25.3 23.9 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 3,609 4,407 5,439 5,439 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 37.5 29.6 28.8 27.4 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 25.6 19.0 19.9 17.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 41.2 43.6 47.6 48.2 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) 5.2 5.1 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) 17.9 22.7 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 24,516 23,446 22,664 41,333 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 2,434 2,292 2,672 6,229 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 4,061 4,047 3,947 7,734 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. 12.0 13.4 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 4.0 2.0 1.8 .. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 33 Equatorial Guinea Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 1,270 13,720 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.1 1.3 14.5 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 3.3 13.5 -0.8 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 555 2,410 8,537 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.1 9.9 -3.5 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.4 0.5 0.7 844.0 Female (% of total) 48.9 48.8 48.7 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 56.5 52.5 56.9 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 59.1 55.0 58.7 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 72.9 85.9 72.9 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 7.7 6.8 5.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 65.2 79.1 67.8 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 46.8 48.7 50.8 54.2 Male (years) 45.2 47.3 49.6 53.1 Female (years) 48.4 50.2 52.2 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.9 5.8 5.2 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 118.2 97.9 80.5 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 189.5 152.3 120.8 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 110.0 87.9 103.2 Primary, female .. 105.1 85.4 95.8 Secondary, male .. 43.5 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 19.2 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 4.5 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 2.0 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 81.3 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. 52.2 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. 52.5 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 93.4 97.0 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 80.5 89.8 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 94.8 97.7 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 94.9 98.2 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 34 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 High income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 10.1 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.4 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 6.1 .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 86.1 .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 26.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 64.6 .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,200 450 240 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.2 0.3 0.4 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.1 44.3 44.7 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 94.1 95.3 94.0 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 82.6 82.6 82.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 55 57 103 103 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 41.8 42.1 41.7 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 64.6 64.4 63.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 88.4 89.3 88.0 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 276 361 450 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 42 59 74 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 66 83 102 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 13.0 5.0 10.0 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 35 Eritrea Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 170 340 1,202 GDP ($ billions) .. 0.6 2.1 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) .. -13.1 2.2 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 173 147 653 GDP per capita growth (%) .. -16.1 -0.8 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 3.2 3.7 5.3 844.0 Female (% of total) 51.0 51.1 50.7 50.0 Population growth (%) 1.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.8 53.4 56.4 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.3 52.0 55.4 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 95.8 89.7 78.8 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.1 4.6 4.4 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 90.7 85.1 74.4 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 48.2 56.0 61.0 54.2 Male (years) 46.1 53.8 58.7 53.1 Female (years) 50.5 58.3 63.4 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.2 5.4 4.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 87.1 60.4 42.3 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 140.6 92.7 60.8 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 21.4 62.9 48.5 103.2 Primary, female 20.2 51.5 40.6 95.8 Secondary, male .. 29.7 36.3 43.5 Secondary, female .. 20.4 27.6 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 1.6 3.0 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 0.3 1.0 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 77.3 80.1 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 40.0 43.2 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 32.5 36.4 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 77.9 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 56.0 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 91.6 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 85.8 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 36 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 34.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 880 390 240 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 1.4 1.7 2.6 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47.0 47.3 48.6 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 91.6 91.0 90.8 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 76.8 77.0 82.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 505 684 818 818 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.9 47.4 48.2 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 74.9 75.3 74.2 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 83.4 83.5 80.4 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) .. 2,826 3,875 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) .. 480 674 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) .. 610 874 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 4.2 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 7.7 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 46.7 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 15.0 22.0 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 37 Ethiopia Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 130 390 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 12.1 8.2 29.7 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 2.7 6.1 9.9 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 129 125 221 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -0.6 3.3 7.6 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 48.3 65.6 82.9 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.4 50.3 50.2 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.3 2.6 2.1 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.2 51.3 55.4 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.9 50.9 55.0 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 92.1 95.7 81.2 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 86.6 89.9 75.1 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 47.0 51.7 58.7 54.2 Male (years) 45.6 50.3 57.2 53.1 Female (years) 48.5 53.2 60.3 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 7.1 6.1 4.2 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 110.5 87.2 67.8 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 184.1 140.7 105.9 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 44.2 66.6 106.2 103.2 Primary, female 28.9 43.2 96.8 95.8 Secondary, male .. 17.4 39.3 43.5 Secondary, female .. 11.6 32.1 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.3 1.9 8.0 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.3 0.5 2.9 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 65.0 88.8 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 29.8 75.3 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 16.2 69.1 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 38 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 4.8 8.1 14.7 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) 0.1 0.3 0.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) 2.9 6.3 13.7 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. 35.2 33.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 26.7 33.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. 10.4 12.2 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 5.6 5.7 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 950 700 350 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 21.6 29.0 40.8 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.1 45.2 47.2 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 91.8 92.2 90.7 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 74.8 75.5 80.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 7,198 9,641 13,562 13,562 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.9 47.1 48.2 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 73.5 74.2 74.5 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 83.2 83.7 79.8 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 44,173 53,957 64,158 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 7,652 10,643 14,407 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 10,434 13,406 17,250 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. 23.6 22.8 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 2.0 27.8 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 39 Gabon Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,930 3,080 7,680 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 6.0 5.1 13.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 5.2 -1.9 6.6 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,627 4,103 4,214 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.9 -4.1 4.6 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.9 1.2 1.5 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.5 50.3 49.8 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.2 2.3 1.9 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.1 54.3 60.1 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.8 54.3 60.3 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 88.8 84.2 66.1 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 10.6 8.8 7.2 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 78.2 75.5 58.9 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 61.3 59.7 62.3 54.2 Male (years) 59.8 58.5 61.3 53.1 Female (years) 62.9 60.9 63.4 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.2 4.1 3.3 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 67.5 63.4 54.4 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 92.6 87.5 73.5 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 135.6 .. 103.2 Primary, female .. 135.5 .. 95.8 Secondary, male .. 51.6 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 44.4 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 95.9 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 91.4 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 84.1 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 98.6 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 96.6 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 40 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 32.7 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 5.1 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 11.8 .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. 28.0 .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 94.4 .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. 63.3 .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 30.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 85.5 .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 270 270 230 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.3 0.4 0.6 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.2 45.5 46.3 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 72.8 68.7 66.4 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 56.1 55.2 57.1 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 55 70 80 80 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 47.3 45.7 46.3 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 31.5 26.5 23.3 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 37.0 31.5 26.9 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 479 466 387 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 104 100 83 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 104 106 99 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 33.1 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 11.5 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. 26.0 .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 13.0 8.0 14.7 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 41 Gambia, The Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 630 610 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.8 1.1 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 3.6 5.5 6.1 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 589 606 704 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -0.5 2.5 3.3 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 1.0 1.3 1.7 844.0 Female (% of total) 49.8 50.4 50.6 50.0 Population growth (%) 4.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.2 52.8 54.8 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.9 51.3 52.9 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 95.9 92.1 85.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 4.5 4.4 4.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 91.4 87.7 81.7 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 53.1 55.2 58.2 54.2 Male (years) 51.9 54.0 57.0 53.1 Female (years) 54.4 56.4 59.4 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.1 5.6 4.9 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 78.3 66.1 56.9 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 165.2 127.5 98.1 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 90.4 81.7 103.2 Primary, female .. 78.5 83.5 95.8 Secondary, male 25.4 .. 55.6 43.5 Secondary, female 11.9 .. 52.6 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 1.6 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 0.4 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. 99.3 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 73.9 69.5 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 59.2 71.6 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 49.0 57.6 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 25.1 35.8 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 64.3 71.0 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 41.4 60.0 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 42 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 11.8 9.5 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) 0.4 0.1 .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) 6.7 8.7 .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 90.7 97.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 44.1 54.7 56.7 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 700 520 360 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.4 0.5 0.8 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 44.7 47.0 47.9 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 85.0 83.2 83.0 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 70.1 71.5 72.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 128 180 228 228 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 50.0 51.1 50.4 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 65.2 64.7 64.3 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 68.7 66.4 64.6 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 792 1,026 1,314 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 178 238 324 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 174 223 281 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 8.0 2.0 7.5 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 43 Ghana Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 340 1,250 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 5.9 5.0 32.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 3.3 3.7 8.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 221 260 360 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.5 1.3 5.5 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 14.8 19.2 24.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 49.3 49.2 49.1 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.1 55.7 57.6 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.9 55.5 57.6 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 88.7 79.9 73.6 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.8 6.0 6.6 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 83.0 73.9 67.0 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 56.8 58.4 63.8 54.2 Male (years) 55.9 57.6 62.9 53.1 Female (years) 57.8 59.2 64.8 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.6 4.7 4.2 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 76.7 64.0 50.0 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 121.7 99.1 74.4 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 75.4 87.9 .. 103.2 Primary, female 63.6 82.4 .. 95.8 Secondary, male 42.2 44.4 .. 43.5 Secondary, female 27.9 36.5 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 78.0 90.2 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 75.2 .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 66.8 .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 66.4 72.8 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 49.8 60.4 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 75.9 81.2 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 65.5 78.9 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 44 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 23.5 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 2.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 16.6 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 35.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 90.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 78.2 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 27.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 57.1 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 580 550 350 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 5.9 8.4 10.4 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 48.4 48.1 47.6 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 73.1 77.2 72.3 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 71.0 73.9 68.4 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,429 2,097 1,879 1,879 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 54.9 49.4 48.8 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 54.0 54.4 38.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 42.9 53.5 38.7 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 10.1 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 10.7 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. 16.4 .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. 16.7 .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 8,697 10,809 13,129 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,622 2,102 2,681 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,963 2,683 3,394 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 33.7 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 9.0 8.3 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 45 Guinea Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 400 390 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.7 3.1 4.7 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 4.3 1.9 1.9 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 363 373 550 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -0.3 0.4 -0.3 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 5.8 8.3 10.0 844.0 Female (% of total) 49.6 49.5 49.5 50.0 Population growth (%) 4.5 1.4 2.2 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.5 52.5 53.8 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.0 52.4 53.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 91.3 90.7 86.0 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.3 6.3 6.2 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 85.0 84.4 79.8 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 43.7 48.1 53.6 54.2 Male (years) 42.5 46.7 52.1 53.1 Female (years) 44.9 49.6 55.3 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.7 6.0 5.2 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 135.4 105.6 81.2 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 229.2 175.0 129.9 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 44.9 70.5 102.6 103.2 Primary, female 21.0 48.4 85.9 95.8 Secondary, male 15.3 .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female 5.2 .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male 2.0 .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.2 .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 44.0 .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 28.5 43.9 74.9 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 8.7 20.2 53.0 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 50.8 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 28.1 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 68.1 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 53.8 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 46 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 9.1 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.1 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 4.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 21.2 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 88.4 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 50.3 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 17.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 46.1 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,200 970 610 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.3 3.3 4.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.1 44.6 45.2 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 79.7 79.5 79.5 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 65.8 64.9 66.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 573 858 1,077 1,077 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.1 45.9 46.8 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 50.6 50.1 51.7 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 56.8 56.8 56.9 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 5,019 6,996 7,964 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,176 1,648 1,905 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,195 1,672 1,927 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 16.7 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 9.0 .. 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 47 Guinea-Bissau Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 180 580 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.2 0.2 0.8 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 6.1 7.5 3.5 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 183 174 161 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.0 5.4 1.4 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 1.0 1.2 1.5 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.5 50.5 50.4 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.9 53.8 55.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.6 53.4 55.2 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 89.5 86.7 80.6 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 82.9 80.5 74.6 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 42.8 44.9 47.7 54.2 Male (years) 41.4 43.5 46.2 53.1 Female (years) 44.4 46.3 49.2 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.6 5.8 5.1 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 124.5 106.6 92.0 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 209.9 176.8 149.5 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 94.1 127.1 103.2 Primary, female .. 63.3 119.2 95.8 Secondary, male .. 23.9 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 13.1 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 0.7 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 0.1 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 65.4 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 38.1 75.3 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 21.4 60.0 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 57.6 66.9 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 27.5 38.0 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 74.8 78.2 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 45.9 63.6 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 48 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 7.6 14.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.1 0.7 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 3.6 6.1 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 25.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 62.1 93.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 70.0 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 24.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 34.7 44.0 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,100 970 790 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.4 0.5 0.6 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 44.5 45.5 47.3 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 79.7 79.7 79.4 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 61.9 64.6 69.4 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 93 128 167 167 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.2 46.9 48.5 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 45.7 49.6 53.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 54.0 56.6 56.7 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 867 1,024 1,202 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 153 178 203 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 185 213 244 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 20.0 .. 10.0 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 49 Kenya Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 380 420 810 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 8.6 12.7 32.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 4.2 0.6 5.6 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 450 406 469 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.7 -1.9 2.8 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 23.4 31.3 40.5 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.2 50.1 50.1 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 48.7 53.2 55.0 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 47.9 52.6 54.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 107.0 89.0 82.2 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.6 5.3 4.8 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 101.5 83.7 77.3 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 59.3 52.3 56.5 54.2 Male (years) 57.5 51.3 55.4 53.1 Female (years) 61.3 53.3 57.6 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.0 5.0 4.7 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 64.3 68.6 55.1 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 99.4 111.1 84.7 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 102.3 95.9 .. 103.2 Primary, female 98.8 94.5 .. 95.8 Secondary, male .. 40.2 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 38.2 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 3.6 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 1.9 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 97.6 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 77.7 90.5 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 70.2 83.5 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 79.8 91.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 80.7 93.6 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 50 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 45.5 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.8 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 38.9 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 25.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 76.2 91.5 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 47.1 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 73.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 43.8 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 400 490 360 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 9.0 11.9 15.5 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47.3 46.8 46.5 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 80.1 73.3 71.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 70.1 63.3 61.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 2,641 3,049 3,372 3,372 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 48.7 46.3 44.9 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 55.2 41.4 35.9 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 58.5 47.7 43.9 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 18,647 23,576 28,605 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 3,873 5,311 6,435 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 3,973 5,446 6,785 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 33.9 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 1.0 4.0 9.8 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 51 Lesotho Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 540 530 1,100 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.5 0.7 2.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 6.5 5.7 5.6 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 308 380 496 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.5 4.1 4.5 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 1.6 2.0 2.2 844.0 Female (% of total) 52.7 51.8 50.9 50.0 Population growth (%) 1.8 1.5 1.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.6 55.5 58.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 49.6 53.0 58.1 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 93.5 84.1 71.5 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 8.2 8.2 7.4 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 85.3 75.9 64.1 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 59.3 47.6 47.4 54.2 Male (years) 57.5 47.2 48.1 53.1 Female (years) 61.2 48.0 46.6 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 4.9 4.1 3.2 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 72.0 87.5 64.6 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 89.3 126.8 85.0 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 97.9 109.5 104.5 103.2 Primary, female 119.2 113.4 102.0 95.8 Secondary, male 20.0 26.0 39.0 43.5 Secondary, female 29.3 34.3 53.9 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.2 1.6 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 1.5 2.6 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 123.8 107.5 106.1 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 41.4 50.3 60.4 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 75.5 69.3 78.9 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 80.0 82.9 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 92.0 95.3 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 84.8 85.7 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 97.5 98.1 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 52 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 30.4 47.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 1.8 9.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 29.4 45.6 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 84.7 91.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 70.4 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 64.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 59.8 61.5 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 520 690 620 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.7 0.8 0.9 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 49.7 49.1 46.0 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 84.0 81.0 74.5 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 68.4 69.0 60.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 218 274 229 229 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 45.9 44.9 41.5 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 60.1 56.6 37.7 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 74.4 68.9 52.6 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 724 819 844 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 202 233 238 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 99 114 125 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 18.4 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 21.6 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 37.3 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 4.0 24.2 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 53 Liberia Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 190 210 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.4 0.5 1.0 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -51.0 25.7 10.3 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 192 186 261 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -50.3 19.7 5.9 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 2.1 2.8 4.0 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.2 50.1 49.8 50.0 Population growth (%) -1.5 4.9 4.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.2 54.1 54.0 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.4 53.5 53.5 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 93.0 85.9 86.2 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 88.0 81.0 81.0 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 42.3 46.0 56.1 54.2 Male (years) 40.7 44.8 55.2 53.1 Female (years) 43.9 47.2 57.2 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.5 5.8 5.2 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 151.2 115.1 73.6 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 226.6 168.9 102.6 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 128.6 .. 103.2 Primary, female .. 94.5 .. 95.8 Secondary, male .. 40.3 .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. 29.2 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 24.5 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 13.6 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 73.3 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 63.7 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 54.5 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 70.4 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 80.9 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 54 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 10.0 11.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.6 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 10.3 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 35.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 84.4 79.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 66.0 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 16.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 50.9 46.3 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,200 1,300 770 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.7 1.0 1.4 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47.2 49.0 47.7 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 64.2 61.8 64.2 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 56.7 59.1 58.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 151 206 274 274 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 47.7 49.0 48.9 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 34.7 34.5 34.9 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 37.8 35.5 35.7 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. 3.4 .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. 4.1 .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 3.9 .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 7.7 .. Agricultural population (thousands) 1,538 1,923 2,477 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 259 320 402 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 310 392 511 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 53.0 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 29.9 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 30.0 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. .. 12.5 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 55 Libya North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. .. 3,533 GDP ($ billions) 28.9 33.9 .. 586.8 GDP growth (%) .. 3.7 .. 4.2 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 6,480 .. 2,313 GDP per capita growth (%) .. 1.8 .. 2.7 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 4.3 5.2 6.4 166.3 Female (% of total) 47.6 48.6 49.3 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.5 64.1 65.5 65.7 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 55.3 64.4 65.1 65.4 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 85.4 55.6 53.2 52.8 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 4.8 5.3 6.6 7.8 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 80.6 50.4 46.6 44.8 Life expectancy Total (years) 68.1 72.5 74.8 72.8 Male (years) 65.8 70.0 72.2 70.9 Female (years) 70.5 75.2 77.4 74.8 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 4.8 3.1 2.6 2.5 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 32.9 21.6 13.4 23.0 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 44.5 27.2 16.9 27.0 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 120.7 .. .. Primary, female .. 119.2 .. .. Secondary, male .. .. .. .. Secondary, female .. .. .. .. Tertiary, male .. 47.5 .. .. Tertiary, female .. 46.2 .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 95.2 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 82.0 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 99.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 99.8 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 56 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 93.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 99.8 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 99 67 58 78 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 1.2 1.8 2.4 56.2 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 17.7 26.1 28.0 23.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 75.0 75.2 79.9 77.3 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 18.9 28.6 32.0 23.9 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 286 454 420 420 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 23.1 30.6 31.7 27.4 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 14.7 21.8 24.2 17.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 47.3 48.2 50.0 48.2 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 449 302 193 41,333 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 53 62 50 6,229 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 74 41 21 7,734 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. .. 7.7 .. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 57 Madagascar Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 250 430 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 3.1 3.9 8.7 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 3.1 4.8 1.6 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 289 252 243 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.1 1.5 -1.3 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 11.3 15.4 20.7 844.0 Female (% of total) 49.9 50.1 50.2 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.3 51.8 53.9 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.9 51.4 53.6 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 91.8 93.8 86.0 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 85.7 87.7 80.2 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 50.7 59.7 66.5 54.2 Male (years) 49.6 58.2 64.9 53.1 Female (years) 52.0 61.2 68.1 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.3 5.5 4.7 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 97.0 65.3 43.1 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 158.8 101.5 62.1 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 103.7 104.7 149.8 103.2 Primary, female 99.4 100.7 147.3 95.8 Secondary, male 19.1 .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female 18.1 .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male 3.9 2.4 3.9 8.3 Tertiary, female 3.1 2.1 3.5 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 95.6 .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 36.3 36.9 71.7 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 37.7 37.3 73.2 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 76.5 .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 65.3 .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 72.7 .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 68.2 .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 58 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 18.8 39.9 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.4 1.1 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 11.8 28.2 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 18.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 71.2 86.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 49.3 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 46.2 43.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 640 400 240 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 5.4 7.3 10.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 48.4 48.7 48.9 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 89.6 90.5 89.5 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 85.3 85.9 85.4 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,660 2,171 2,992 2,992 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 49.6 49.5 49.5 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 73.5 74.3 72.1 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 74.5 75.8 73.6 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 6.0 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 5.7 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 8,889 11,498 14,529 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 2,185 2,814 3,878 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,844 2,429 3,378 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 50.0 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 0.0 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 22.3 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 7.0 8.0 .. 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 59 Malawi Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 180 160 330 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.9 1.7 5.1 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 5.7 1.6 6.5 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 133 155 185 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.0 -1.2 3.2 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 9.4 11.2 14.9 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.8 50.4 50.0 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.6 2.8 3.1 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.3 51.6 51.3 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.5 50.6 50.9 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 94.4 95.6 95.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.2 6.0 6.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 89.2 89.6 89.7 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 47.1 46.0 53.5 54.2 Male (years) 46.0 45.7 53.4 53.1 Female (years) 48.3 46.4 53.5 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.8 6.1 6.0 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 130.9 98.7 58.1 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 222.1 166.5 92.1 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 75.1 141.2 133.0 103.2 Primary, female 65.1 136.5 138.0 95.8 Secondary, male 21.0 36.7 33.6 43.5 Secondary, female 12.0 27.6 30.6 35.6 Tertiary, male 0.8 0.5 0.9 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.3 0.2 0.5 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 80.9 92.8 101.3 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 31.9 69.1 65.4 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 24.2 61.8 68.1 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 80.6 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 67.0 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 86.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 86.0 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 60 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 30.6 41.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 1.6 2.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 25.7 42.2 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. 29.7 .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 91.4 94.7 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. 56.0 45.5 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 58.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 55.6 53.6 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,100 840 460 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 3.9 4.8 6.7 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 50.8 49.7 51.5 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 79.1 80.6 80.3 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 75.9 77.0 84.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 972 1,305 1,812 1,812 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 54.7 52.3 54.6 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 59.8 61.7 65.5 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 50.6 56.1 53.9 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 7,738 8,758 10,856 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,882 2,231 2,889 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,495 1,676 2,020 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 23.9 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 15.6 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. 26.6 24.7 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 10.0 8.0 20.8 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 61 Mali Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 230 600 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.4 2.4 9.4 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -1.9 3.2 5.8 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 188 214 273 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -3.7 0.2 2.6 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 8.7 11.3 15.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.7 50.4 50.0 50.0 Population growth (%) 1.9 2.9 3.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 50.8 51.3 51.3 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 48.2 49.3 50.0 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 102.0 98.8 97.5 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.0 5.0 4.3 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 96.0 93.8 93.1 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 44.2 47.2 51.0 54.2 Male (years) 43.1 46.2 49.9 53.1 Female (years) 45.2 48.3 52.1 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 7.1 6.8 6.3 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 131.0 113.4 99.2 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 255.4 213.2 178.1 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 35.2 62.8 85.9 103.2 Primary, female 21.0 47.3 74.7 95.8 Secondary, male 8.9 21.1 44.3 43.5 Secondary, female 4.4 11.9 30.9 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.0 2.5 8.1 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.2 1.2 3.4 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 57.6 71.1 81.9 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 35.7 60.8 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 22.7 48.7 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 62 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 8.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 0.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 6.3 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 31.2 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 70.4 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 35.4 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 49.0 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,100 740 540 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.3 3.1 4.3 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 38.9 37.5 35.5 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 67.1 67.7 70.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 39.6 38.5 37.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 685 946 1,240 1,240 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 38.1 37.7 37.4 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 31.0 31.1 31.2 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 49.9 49.7 50.3 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 7,378 9,112 11,516 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 707 862 1,133 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,246 1,513 1,916 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 58.3 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 21.0 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 12.3 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 12.0 10.2 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 63 Mauritania Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 530 1,000 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.0 1.3 3.6 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -1.8 -0.4 5.2 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 487 490 609 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -4.4 -3.3 2.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 2.0 2.6 3.5 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.2 50.0 49.7 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.2 55.0 57.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.8 54.2 57.4 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 90.5 83.0 74.1 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 85.5 78.1 69.5 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 55.9 57.0 58.2 54.2 Male (years) 54.5 55.5 56.6 53.1 Female (years) 57.5 58.6 60.0 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.9 5.2 4.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 80.3 77.0 75.3 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 124.1 115.6 111.2 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 53.9 85.6 99.5 103.2 Primary, female 40.6 83.2 104.5 95.8 Secondary, male 18.3 20.9 26.4 43.5 Secondary, female 8.5 15.5 22.4 35.6 Tertiary, male 5.3 .. 6.1 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.7 .. 2.5 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 68.9 93.1 101.2 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 36.0 .. 73.6 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 21.8 .. 76.0 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 59.5 64.5 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 43.4 50.3 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 67.7 70.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 55.5 64.3 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 64 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 9.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 0.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 8.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 24.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 75.4 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 60.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 760 630 510 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.5 0.8 1.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 20.0 23.3 26.5 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 78.6 79.0 79.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 18.9 23.6 29.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 145 205 276 276 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 20.0 23.9 27.5 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 14.7 18.4 22.4 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 56.8 56.9 56.8 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 8.9 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 41.2 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 1,096 1,393 1,741 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 210 290 404 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 226 280 340 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 29.1 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 4.0 22.1 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 65 Mauritius Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,440 3,870 7,780 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.7 4.6 9.7 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 7.2 9.0 4.1 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,575 3,861 5,181 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 6.2 8.0 3.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 1.1 1.2 1.3 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.1 50.4 50.6 50.0 Population growth (%) 0.9 1.0 0.5 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 65.4 67.3 70.7 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 66.2 67.9 71.7 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 52.0 48.0 40.4 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.9 8.4 9.7 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 45.1 39.5 30.7 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 69.4 71.7 73.0 54.2 Male (years) 65.6 68.2 69.5 53.1 Female (years) 73.4 75.3 76.7 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 2.3 2.0 1.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 20.7 16.4 13.0 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 23.9 18.6 15.1 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 111.2 101.8 99.1 103.2 Primary, female 112.4 101.1 99.7 95.8 Secondary, male 52.3 76.6 89.5 43.5 Secondary, female 52.5 73.9 89.3 35.6 Tertiary, male 3.8 11.5 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 2.3 10.0 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 100.4 98.1 100.1 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 113.8 96.2 95.7 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 113.5 94.8 96.3 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) 85.1 88.2 90.6 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) 74.7 80.5 85.3 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) 90.7 93.7 95.5 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) 91.7 95.4 97.6 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 66 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 91.1 .. 99.2 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 68 28 60 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.4 0.5 0.6 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 31.8 34.5 37.7 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 85.4 85.2 80.5 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 40.3 44.8 48.3 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 120 106 88 88 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 34.2 35.8 40.9 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 37.7 36.7 33.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 70.9 64.4 47.3 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 8.3 4.6 .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 9.6 12.8 .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 19.4 .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. 29.0 .. Agricultural population (thousands) 173 138 104 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 21 16 12 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 54 46 36 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 16.9 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 0.0 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 7.0 8.0 18.8 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 67 Morocco North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 990 1,310 2,850 3,533 GDP ($ billions) 25.8 37.0 90.8 586.8 GDP growth (%) 4.0 1.6 3.7 4.2 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,172 1,272 1,844 2,313 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.0 0.3 2.6 2.7 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 24.8 28.8 32.0 166.3 Female (% of total) 50.1 50.5 51.0 50.0 Population growth (%) 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 57.3 62.6 67.2 65.7 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 55.6 60.9 65.8 65.4 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 77.1 62.0 50.4 52.8 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.8 7.6 8.3 7.8 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 70.4 54.4 42.1 44.8 Life expectancy Total (years) 64.1 68.7 71.9 72.8 Male (years) 62.3 66.6 69.7 70.9 Female (years) 66.1 70.9 74.2 74.8 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 4.0 2.7 2.3 2.5 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 66.8 46.2 30.4 23.0 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 85.9 55.3 35.5 27.0 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 80.5 100.1 115.0 .. Primary, female 54.3 84.5 107.6 .. Secondary, male 43.7 42.5 .. .. Secondary, female 31.1 33.7 .. .. Tertiary, male 13.6 11.0 .. .. Tertiary, female 8.2 8.0 .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 68.8 82.6 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 60.7 63.7 87.4 .. Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 41.8 50.8 81.9 .. Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 68.9 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 43.9 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 86.7 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 72.1 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 68 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 300 170 100 78 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 7.9 10.2 11.4 56.2 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 25.3 27.9 27.1 23.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 83.1 82.0 78.3 77.3 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 27.1 30.5 26.4 23.9 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 2,414 2,822 2,256 2,256 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 29.2 30.6 26.4 27.4 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 28.4 28.2 19.0 17.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 67.7 64.7 53.0 48.2 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) 14.2 13.8 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) 20.4 13.0 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) 30.9 20.9 .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) 31.6 15.7 .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 10,408 9,696 8,260 41,333 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,163 1,457 1,436 6,229 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 2,101 1,915 1,572 7,734 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 17.1 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 0.0 1.0 10.5 .. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 69 Mozambique Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 230 440 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.5 4.2 9.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 1.0 1.1 6.8 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 184 233 384 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -0.3 -1.5 4.4 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 13.5 18.2 23.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 52.2 52.0 51.3 50.0 Population growth (%) 1.3 2.6 2.3 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.8 54.4 53.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 48.4 51.4 51.6 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 99.4 88.8 90.1 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.5 6.0 6.3 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 92.9 82.8 83.8 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 43.2 47.2 49.7 54.2 Male (years) 41.6 45.6 48.7 53.1 Female (years) 44.8 49.0 50.7 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.2 5.7 4.9 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 146.2 118.9 92.2 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 218.7 176.7 135.0 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 71.7 85.2 121.1 103.2 Primary, female 54.1 64.3 109.0 95.8 Secondary, male 8.9 7.5 28.0 43.5 Secondary, female 5.0 4.7 22.9 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 72.7 74.9 89.0 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 32.2 19.8 65.7 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 20.7 12.6 55.4 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 70.1 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 41.5 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 78.1 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 63.7 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 70 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 16.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 0.8 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 12.2 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 75.8 92.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 70.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 55.3 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 910 710 490 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 6.0 8.7 11.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 55.5 55.0 53.6 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 80.4 82.5 82.7 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 85.9 88.3 86.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,949 2,579 3,045 3,045 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 55.1 56.0 54.3 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 79.4 78.5 71.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 68.4 64.4 60.6 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 10,907 14,296 17,781 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 3,242 4,558 5,656 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,966 2,534 3,018 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 26.4 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 16.0 .. 39.2 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 71 Namibia Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,720 1,950 4,250 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.4 3.9 11.1 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 2.5 3.5 6.6 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,831 2,062 2,696 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -1.4 1.0 4.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 1.4 1.9 2.3 844.0 Female (% of total) 51.1 50.7 50.3 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.9 2.4 1.8 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.7 56.7 60.0 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.2 55.9 59.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 88.8 77.6 66.9 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.4 6.0 6.1 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 82.4 71.6 60.8 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 60.8 57.7 62.1 54.2 Male (years) 58.9 56.7 61.5 53.1 Female (years) 62.8 58.7 62.7 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.2 4.0 3.2 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 49.3 48.7 29.3 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 73.1 73.9 40.1 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 113.1 114.2 .. 103.2 Primary, female 122.7 115.4 .. 95.8 Secondary, male 33.8 56.6 .. 43.5 Secondary, female 42.1 63.7 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 110.8 103.7 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 85.4 .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 97.4 .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 88.9 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 88.1 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 91.1 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 94.9 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 72 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 43.7 55.1 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 5.2 10.6 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 42.6 53.5 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. 22.1 20.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 90.6 94.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. 69.1 70.4 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 88.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 75.5 81.4 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 200 280 200 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.4 0.6 0.9 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 44.5 44.4 46.3 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 66.2 65.8 71.6 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 49.3 50.2 60.5 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 108 119 192 192 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.3 45.4 47.4 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 34.4 28.2 37.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 40.1 33.5 41.7 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 19.1 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 21.6 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. 41.9 .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. 45.8 .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 810 930 935 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 107 115 117 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 112 137 149 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. 41.5 44.0 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 7.0 22.0 24.4 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 73 Niger Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 180 360 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.5 1.8 5.4 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -1.3 -1.4 8.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 193 165 179 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -4.2 -4.8 4.2 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 7.8 10.9 15.5 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.7 49.9 49.7 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.4 50.5 49.6 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 47.9 48.4 48.1 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 101.3 102.3 104.8 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 4.1 4.2 4.5 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 97.2 98.1 100.3 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 41.4 48.3 54.3 54.2 Male (years) 41.1 47.9 53.8 53.1 Female (years) 41.8 48.7 54.7 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 7.8 7.5 7.1 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 131.6 97.8 72.5 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 311.0 217.8 143.3 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 32.2 38.4 72.5 103.2 Primary, female 19.4 26.5 59.7 95.8 Secondary, male 9.0 8.8 16.1 43.5 Secondary, female 3.4 5.2 10.6 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.5 .. 2.2 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.2 .. 0.8 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 53.0 65.1 78.3 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 20.4 22.3 46.6 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 10.8 14.9 35.5 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 74 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 14.0 18.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.0 0.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 4.3 5.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 15.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 41.0 46.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 14.9 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 15.7 17.7 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,200 870 590 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.3 3.5 5.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 22.6 30.9 31.2 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 93.1 89.0 91.1 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 24.8 38.4 40.2 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 685 1,024 1,610 1,610 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 24.7 33.6 31.8 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 22.2 33.6 35.1 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 85.5 76.8 80.4 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 6,888 9,365 12,859 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 821 1,096 1,542 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,426 2,002 2,694 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 17.6 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 11.3 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 18.5 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 5.0 1.0 .. 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 75 Nigeria Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 270 1,170 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 28.5 46.0 196.8 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 8.2 5.4 7.8 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 359 372 540 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 5.5 2.9 5.2 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 97.6 123.7 158.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 49.7 49.5 49.4 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.3 53.9 53.9 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.8 53.4 53.7 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 92.2 86.4 85.9 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.1 6.0 6.3 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 86.1 80.4 79.6 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 45.6 46.3 51.4 54.2 Male (years) 44.5 45.5 50.6 53.1 Female (years) 46.9 47.1 52.2 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.4 5.9 5.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 126.0 111.5 88.4 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 212.6 186.0 142.9 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 95.1 107.6 87.1 103.2 Primary, female 73.1 87.7 79.3 95.8 Secondary, male 27.7 26.3 46.8 43.5 Secondary, female 20.9 22.2 41.2 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 76.5 82.0 90.1 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. 78.8 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. 69.7 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 72.0 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 49.8 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 78.1 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 65.3 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 76 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 6.0 .. 14.6 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) 0.4 .. 2.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) 3.5 .. 8.1 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) 20.5 .. 20.2 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) 56.5 .. 57.7 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) 52.0 .. 44.8 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 22.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 30.8 .. 38.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,100 970 630 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 30.6 39.2 50.3 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 34.5 40.1 42.8 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 75.8 67.0 62.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 39.3 44.9 48.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 6,050 8,899 11,557 11,557 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 33.3 42.1 45.5 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 22.4 30.5 34.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 43.8 40.4 40.0 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 41,925 41,133 39,405 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 4,336 4,377 4,814 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 8,354 8,067 7,453 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) 14.3 .. 19.3 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. .. 7.0 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 77 Rwanda Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 250 520 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 2.6 1.7 5.6 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -2.4 8.1 7.2 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 235 214 337 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -2.2 1.2 4.0 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 7.1 8.1 10.6 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.7 51.2 50.9 50.0 Population growth (%) -0.2 6.6 3.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 48.9 52.6 55.1 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 48.6 51.4 54.3 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 105.2 92.4 82.8 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 4.4 5.0 4.9 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 100.8 87.4 78.0 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 32.8 46.5 55.1 54.2 Male (years) 31.1 45.6 53.8 53.1 Female (years) 34.6 47.4 56.4 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 7.0 5.8 5.4 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 98.5 105.7 59.1 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 162.8 176.7 91.1 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 77.4 105.7 141.1 103.2 Primary, female 76.1 102.5 144.0 95.8 Secondary, male 19.2 11.4 31.9 43.5 Secondary, female 15.6 10.8 32.4 35.6 Tertiary, male 0.9 .. 6.2 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.2 .. 4.8 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94.8 96.6 101.9 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 50.4 24.7 65.4 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 47.9 21.0 73.8 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 71.4 75.0 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 59.8 66.8 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 78.5 77.0 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 76.9 77.4 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 78 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 13.2 51.6 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.4 1.9 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 4.3 26.1 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. 35.6 37.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 91.5 98.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. 10.4 35.4 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 65.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 31.3 69.0 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 910 840 340 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 3.2 3.8 5.2 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 51.0 52.3 51.8 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 89.5 86.4 86.2 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 89.8 88.3 88.2 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,068 1,317 1,625 1,625 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 51.4 51.7 51.4 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 81.8 77.1 75.0 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 79.6 74.8 72.1 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 6,536 7,355 9,494 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,523 1,812 2,460 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,301 1,430 1,900 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. 36.1 31.4 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 17.0 17.0 56.3 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 79 São Tomé and Príncipe Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 1,250 1,202 GDP ($ billions) .. .. 0.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) .. .. 4.5 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. .. .. 653 GDP per capita growth (%) .. .. 2.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.1 0.1 0.2 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.4 50.4 50.5 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 49.5 53.7 56.1 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 48.5 52.5 55.5 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 104.1 88.3 79.2 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 8.9 8.2 6.9 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 95.2 80.2 72.2 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 60.9 62.4 64.3 54.2 Male (years) 60.0 61.3 63.0 53.1 Female (years) 61.8 63.5 65.8 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.4 4.6 3.7 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 61.0 57.1 53.1 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 93.8 87.0 79.9 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 142.1 .. 130.9 103.2 Primary, female 130.4 .. 130.4 95.8 Secondary, male .. .. 50.2 43.5 Secondary, female .. .. 51.7 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. 4.5 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. 4.4 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. 100.4 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. 81.5 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89.2 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 93.7 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 84.0 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 94.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 95.8 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 80 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 29.3 38.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.1 5.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 27.4 33.1 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 37.2 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 90.6 97.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 72.4 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 78.6 81.7 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 150 110 70 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.0 0.0 0.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 33.4 35.3 37.2 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 81.1 76.6 78.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 39.9 40.8 45.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 10 13 15 15 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 30.0 30.8 33.3 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 27.3 26.3 26.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 60.7 55.9 54.4 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 12.5 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 17.8 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 79 88 95 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 10 12 16 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 14 15 16 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 39.0 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 12.0 9.0 18.2 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 81 Senegal Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 740 530 1,080 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 5.7 4.7 12.9 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -0.7 3.2 4.1 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 478 494 562 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -3.6 0.6 1.4 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 7.2 9.5 12.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.0 50.3 50.4 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 50.8 52.7 54.6 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.1 51.4 53.2 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 98.3 92.1 85.5 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 4.7 4.9 4.5 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 93.6 87.2 81.0 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 53.2 55.7 59.0 54.2 Male (years) 52.3 54.7 57.9 53.1 Female (years) 54.3 56.8 60.0 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.6 5.5 4.8 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 69.7 63.3 49.8 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 138.6 118.8 75.2 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 63.5 75.6 84.4 103.2 Primary, female 46.1 65.6 89.3 95.8 Secondary, male 19.9 19.9 39.9 43.5 Secondary, female 10.1 13.0 34.9 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. 9.9 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. 5.9 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 67.4 82.3 99.9 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 51.5 46.4 57.9 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 32.3 34.0 60.6 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 61.8 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 38.7 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 74.2 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 56.2 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 82 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 11.8 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.5 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 10.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 31.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 79.0 93.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 39.8 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 57.8 51.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 670 500 370 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.9 3.9 5.4 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 41.5 42.9 43.9 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 90.7 89.8 89.7 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 63.1 65.0 66.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 987 1,338 1,715 1,715 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 39.6 39.8 39.9 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 54.2 53.8 53.3 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 82.6 81.2 79.6 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 5,535 6,986 8,734 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,047 1,350 1,811 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,249 1,579 2,011 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 20.0 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 13.0 12.0 22.7 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 83 Seychelles Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,020 7,420 10,460 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.4 0.6 1.0 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 7.0 4.3 6.7 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 5,645 7,579 8,788 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 6.1 3.3 7.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.1 0.1 0.1 844.0 Female (% of total) .. .. .. 50.0 Population growth (%) 0.9 0.9 -0.9 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) .. .. .. 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) .. .. .. 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) .. .. .. 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) .. .. .. 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) .. .. .. 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) .. .. 73.0 54.2 Male (years) .. .. 68.4 53.1 Female (years) .. .. 77.9 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) .. 2.1 2.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 14.0 11.6 11.7 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 16.6 13.8 13.5 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 111.8 117.2 103.2 Primary, female .. 113.1 117.2 95.8 Secondary, male .. 101.8 114.4 43.5 Secondary, female .. 107.4 124.7 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 103.0 104.0 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 106.1 134.6 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 107.1 131.6 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 84 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) .. .. .. 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) .. .. .. 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) .. .. .. 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) .. .. .. 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) .. .. .. 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) .. .. .. .. Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) .. .. .. 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) .. .. .. 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) .. .. .. 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 59 62 64 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 13 14 15 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 13 14 15 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 16.0 24.0 23.5 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 85 Sierra Leone Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 200 150 340 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.6 0.6 1.9 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 3.4 3.8 5.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 255 153 268 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.1 0.9 2.7 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 4.0 4.1 5.9 844.0 Female (% of total) 51.2 51.4 51.2 50.0 Population growth (%) 1.3 2.8 2.2 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 55.5 56.0 55.8 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 54.6 55.0 54.4 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 81.6 80.2 81.4 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 4.7 3.8 3.4 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 76.9 76.4 78.0 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 38.7 39.7 47.4 54.2 Male (years) 37.4 38.5 46.8 53.1 Female (years) 40.1 41.0 48.0 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.7 5.7 5.0 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 162.1 141.9 113.7 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 276.0 232.8 174.0 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 62.3 .. .. 103.2 Primary, female 41.2 .. .. 95.8 Secondary, male 22.4 .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female 11.0 .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 1.9 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 1.5 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 61.8 .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 52.7 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 30.1 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 67.6 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 48.1 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 86 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 4.3 8.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.1 0.6 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 3.9 6.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 27.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 67.9 86.9 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 56.1 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 19.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 41.7 42.4 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,300 1,300 890 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 1.5 1.6 2.3 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 50.3 53.2 50.7 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 68.3 63.9 69.6 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 66.5 68.7 67.8 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 307 340 503 503 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 58.6 57.6 56.1 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 45.9 45.9 48.5 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 35.1 35.2 39.8 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 2,819 2,692 3,522 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 641 601 817 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 442 440 509 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 7.9 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 7.1 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 22.4 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 9.0 13.2 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 87 Somalia Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 150 .. .. 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 0.9 .. .. 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -1.5 .. .. 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. .. .. 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -1.9 .. .. 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 6.6 7.4 9.3 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.5 50.5 50.4 50.0 Population growth (%) 0.4 2.8 2.3 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 52.9 53.4 52.6 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.4 52.8 52.1 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 90.0 88.3 91.0 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 84.4 83.1 85.8 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 44.5 48.3 50.9 54.2 Male (years) 43.0 46.7 49.4 53.1 Female (years) 46.1 49.9 52.5 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.6 6.5 6.3 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 108.3 108.3 108.3 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 180.0 180.0 180.0 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. .. .. 103.2 Primary, female .. .. .. 95.8 Secondary, male .. .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 88 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 14.6 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 0.0 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 1.2 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 26.2 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 26.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 6.3 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 33.0 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 890 1,000 1,000 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.1 2.3 2.9 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 31.8 32.8 33.6 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 80.0 79.7 78.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 36.5 37.9 39.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 639 675 779 779 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 34.7 35.1 35.4 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 33.7 33.1 31.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 64.0 61.6 58.2 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 4,889 5,190 6,121 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 833 927 1,119 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,042 1,121 1,321 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 4.0 .. 6.8 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 89 South Africa Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,390 3,050 6,090 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 112.0 132.9 363.5 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -0.3 4.2 2.9 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,152 3,020 3,753 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -2.3 1.6 1.5 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 35.2 44.0 50.0 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.5 50.8 50.5 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.0 2.5 1.4 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 57.7 62.7 64.6 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 58.0 62.6 65.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 72.8 59.6 53.3 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.5 5.9 7.1 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 67.3 53.8 46.2 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 61.5 54.8 52.1 54.2 Male (years) 57.9 52.3 51.4 53.1 Female (years) 65.3 57.3 52.8 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 3.7 2.9 2.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 46.6 54.3 40.7 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 59.8 77.9 56.6 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 107.4 108.5 .. 103.2 Primary, female 106.3 103.3 .. 95.8 Secondary, male 61.0 81.0 .. 43.5 Secondary, female 70.9 89.5 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male 13.4 .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 10.6 .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 103.5 100.4 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 85.3 .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 87.4 .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 90 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 57.0 .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. .. .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. .. .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 97.1 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 87.1 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 88.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. .. .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 250 330 300 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 10.4 15.2 18.2 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 35.0 43.1 42.8 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 66.4 63.2 63.2 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 35.3 46.5 47.2 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 2,230 2,623 2,667 2,667 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 41.5 45.2 44.7 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 24.8 26.0 23.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 35.2 31.4 29.2 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 24.9 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 28.7 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. 42.1 .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. 46.7 .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 7,105 6,201 4,902 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 511 455 349 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,103 1,027 838 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 3.0 30.0 44.5 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 91 Sudan Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 510 320 1,300 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 12.4 12.4 67.0 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -5.5 8.4 4.5 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 267 362 524 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -7.7 5.8 1.9 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 20.5 27.6 33.6 844.0 Female (% of total) 49.8 49.7 49.6 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 53.3 54.7 56.5 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 52.8 54.2 56.2 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 88.6 83.7 77.5 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.8 6.0 6.3 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 82.8 77.7 71.1 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 52.5 57.0 61.1 54.2 Male (years) 51.1 55.5 59.4 53.1 Female (years) 54.1 58.5 62.9 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.0 5.3 4.4 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 78.4 72.1 66.4 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 124.9 113.5 103.3 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 51.6 .. 103.2 Primary, female .. 44.0 .. 95.8 Secondary, male .. .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male 2.9 6.3 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 2.0 5.8 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 38.6 .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 34.7 .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 92 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) 8.7 .. 7.6 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) 0.1 .. 0.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) 5.6 .. 5.7 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 5.7 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) 70.4 60.0 56.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. .. .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 2.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 69.4 .. 49.2 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 1,000 870 730 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 6.1 8.3 10.8 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 26.0 27.9 28.7 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 79.0 75.9 76.8 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 27.7 30.2 32.2 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 2,164 2,422 3,022 3,022 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 29.0 36.8 37.6 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 24.7 26.7 26.9 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 59.0 44.6 43.3 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 18,214 20,825 22,443 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,476 2,230 2,811 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 3,675 3,993 4,313 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 18.5 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. .. 25.6 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 93 Swaziland Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,240 1,600 2,930 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.1 1.5 3.7 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 21.0 1.8 2.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,320 1,508 1,811 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 17.0 1.6 0.8 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 0.9 1.0 1.1 844.0 Female (% of total) 52.8 51.6 50.8 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.4 0.1 1.1 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.7 53.8 58.7 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 46.3 50.9 57.7 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 103.4 90.8 71.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 97.9 85.1 65.9 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 59.3 48.7 48.3 54.2 Male (years) 57.8 48.1 48.8 53.1 Female (years) 61.0 49.2 47.9 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.7 4.2 3.4 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 69.6 76.7 55.1 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 96.1 114.0 77.7 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 94.2 97.1 120.7 103.2 Primary, female 93.7 92.5 110.9 95.8 Secondary, male .. 41.7 58.1 43.5 Secondary, female .. 42.1 58.1 35.6 Tertiary, male 5.0 4.7 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 3.2 4.2 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 96.1 94.0 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 59.4 58.9 75.7 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 66.0 62.5 78.2 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 80.9 87.8 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 78.3 86.2 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 87.0 91.9 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 89.8 94.9 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 94 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 27.7 49.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 1.8 22.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 26.0 63.0 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 24.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 86.6 96.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 76.6 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 88.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 70.0 82.0 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 300 360 320 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 0.3 0.3 0.4 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 41.7 40.3 39.7 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 74.8 72.8 71.8 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 43.0 43.9 44.9 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 80 103 132 132 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 45.0 42.7 41.7 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 39.5 37.9 37.3 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 55.4 52.6 51.6 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 368 377 342 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 89 87 75 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 50 61 63 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 47.9 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 4.0 3.0 13.6 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 95 Tanzania Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 200 310 530 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 4.3 10.2 22.9 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 7.0 4.9 7.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 305 308 459 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.7 2.3 3.9 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 25.5 34.0 44.8 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.5 50.3 50.1 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.2 2.5 3.0 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.6 52.6 52.2 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.9 52.1 52.1 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 95.2 91.0 91.8 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.3 5.5 6.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 89.9 85.5 85.7 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 50.6 50.4 57.4 54.2 Male (years) 49.0 49.6 56.5 53.1 Female (years) 52.3 51.2 58.3 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.2 5.7 5.5 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 95.2 80.5 60.2 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 154.8 130.2 92.4 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 70.1 68.7 101.5 103.2 Primary, female 69.2 67.8 103.1 95.8 Secondary, male 5.8 .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female 4.2 .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. 2.3 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. 1.9 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 97.1 .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. 87.7 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92.1 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 79.0 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 66.9 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 78.5 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 76.4 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 96 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 34.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 2.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 26.1 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 25.3 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 87.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 42.7 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 70.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 48.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 870 730 460 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 12.2 16.7 22.1 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 49.8 49.7 49.8 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 92.0 91.4 91.2 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 88.9 89.1 90.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 4,082 5,670 7,185 7,185 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 49.9 49.9 50.1 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 82.4 82.1 81.2 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 83.0 82.0 80.7 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 21,035 26,640 32,856 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 5,694 7,362 9,271 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 4,860 6,195 7,608 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 24.4 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) .. 16.0 30.7 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 97 Togo Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 300 550 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 1.6 1.3 3.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -0.2 -0.8 3.7 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 284 270 265 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -2.7 -3.7 1.5 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 3.7 4.8 6.0 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.6 50.5 50.5 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.5 3.0 2.1 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.1 53.8 57.0 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.7 53.5 56.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 96.5 86.4 75.6 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 90.5 80.6 69.6 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 53.0 54.8 56.6 54.2 Male (years) 51.4 53.3 55.1 53.1 Female (years) 54.7 56.4 58.1 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.3 5.1 4.1 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 87.4 76.0 66.0 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 147.1 123.7 103.4 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 109.0 132.7 147.1 103.2 Primary, female 70.3 103.1 132.2 95.8 Secondary, male 31.0 46.7 .. 43.5 Secondary, female 10.6 20.8 .. 35.6 Tertiary, male 4.0 .. .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.6 .. .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 58.1 69.0 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 47.9 87.0 83.6 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 22.1 51.0 63.7 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. 68.7 .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. 38.5 .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. 83.7 .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. 63.6 .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 98 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 25.7 15.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 1.6 3.8 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 9.3 13.2 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 40.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 72.9 86.7 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 55.2 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 26.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 48.6 60.1 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 620 440 300 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 1.5 2.2 2.9 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45.1 49.0 50.5 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 85.2 82.9 82.3 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 68.3 77.8 82.2 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 460 652 829 829 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 46.1 49.8 51.7 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 59.3 65.5 68.2 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 70.1 66.3 64.2 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 2,404 2,860 3,220 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 346 436 531 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 563 670 757 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. 31.8 .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. 15.1 .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 5.0 .. 11.1 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 99 Tunisia North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,430 2,300 4,140 3,533 GDP ($ billions) 12.3 21.5 44.2 586.8 GDP growth (%) 7.9 4.3 3.0 4.2 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,661 2,245 3,144 2,313 GDP per capita growth (%) 5.4 3.1 1.9 2.7 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 8.2 9.6 10.5 166.3 Female (% of total) 49.6 49.8 50.0 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 58.0 64.0 69.7 65.7 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 56.6 63.2 69.5 65.4 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 74.5 57.2 43.7 52.8 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 8.0 10.0 10.0 7.8 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 66.5 47.2 33.7 44.8 Life expectancy Total (years) 70.3 72.6 74.6 72.8 Male (years) 68.6 70.6 72.6 70.9 Female (years) 72.1 74.7 76.7 74.8 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 3.6 2.1 2.0 2.5 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 39.0 23.8 13.8 23.0 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 49.3 28.4 16.1 27.0 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 119.4 118.9 .. .. Primary, female 105.4 111.1 .. .. Secondary, male 49.7 74.8 .. .. Secondary, female 38.2 77.4 .. .. Tertiary, male 9.7 .. .. .. Tertiary, female 6.1 .. .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 84.6 97.6 .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 85.2 89.6 .. .. Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 75.0 86.7 .. .. Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 100 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Upper middle income North Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. 65.5 60.2 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. 0.5 1.3 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. 56.7 51.5 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. .. .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. 91.5 96.0 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 67.5 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. .. .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 89.9 94.6 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 130 84 56 78 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 2.4 3.2 3.8 56.2 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 21.6 24.9 26.9 23.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 79.1 75.7 74.0 77.3 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 22.1 25.6 27.5 23.9 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 681 712 658 658 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 31.4 33.8 32.5 27.4 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 26.3 24.9 21.8 17.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 56.1 47.7 43.8 48.2 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. 15.3 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. 16.9 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 2,195 2,253 2,154 41,333 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 223 262 266 6,229 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 429 495 539 7,734 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. .. .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 4.0 12.0 27.6 .. The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 101 Uganda Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 260 500 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 4.3 6.2 17.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 6.5 3.1 5.9 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 186 256 380 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.8 0.0 2.6 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 17.7 24.2 33.4 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.3 50.3 50.0 50.0 Population growth (%) 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 49.5 48.6 49.2 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 49.1 48.5 48.9 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 102.8 106.0 103.8 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.4 5.6 5.1 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 97.4 100.4 98.7 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 47.4 46.1 53.6 54.2 Male (years) 45.4 45.3 53.0 53.1 Female (years) 49.4 47.0 54.3 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 7.1 6.9 6.1 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 105.8 87.7 63.0 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 174.9 144.3 98.9 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 76.8 136.6 120.3 103.2 Primary, female 61.7 126.0 122.0 95.8 Secondary, male 14.2 18.5 30.4 43.5 Secondary, female 8.2 14.1 25.8 35.6 Tertiary, male 1.6 3.4 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female 0.6 1.7 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 77.9 91.1 98.5 .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. .. 57.9 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. .. 56.5 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 82.6 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 64.6 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 89.6 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 85.5 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 102 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 23.7 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.7 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 17.9 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 40.6 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 93.5 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 47.2 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 53.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 41.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 600 530 310 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 7.6 10.1 13.4 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 50.8 50.0 49.3 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 82.4 83.1 79.9 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 83.7 82.3 77.0 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 2,209 3,140 4,021 4,021 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 51.6 51.5 50.0 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 67.0 67.3 59.6 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 62.6 63.5 60.2 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 14,793 19,138 24,554 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 3,309 4,221 5,467 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 3,356 4,199 5,549 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 29.9 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 12.0 18.0 31.5 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 103 Zambia Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 310 1,070 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 3.3 3.2 16.2 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) -0.5 3.6 7.6 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 385 317 432 653 GDP per capita growth (%) -3.2 1.0 5.9 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 7.9 10.2 12.9 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.3 50.1 49.9 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.7 2.5 1.6 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.6 51.8 50.4 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 51.2 51.7 50.8 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 94.6 93.2 97.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.5 5.7 6.0 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 89.1 87.5 91.7 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 47.5 41.9 48.5 54.2 Male (years) 46.1 41.7 48.0 53.1 Female (years) 48.9 42.2 48.9 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 6.5 6.1 6.3 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 109.2 93.5 68.9 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 182.8 157.3 111.0 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male .. 86.7 114.5 103.2 Primary, female .. 80.9 116.0 95.8 Secondary, male .. .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female .. .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. 3.3 .. 8.3 Tertiary, female .. 1.5 .. 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) .. 68.0 98.3 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) .. 57.2 108.3 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) 73.0 .. 80.6 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) 57.4 .. 61.3 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) 67.3 .. 81.8 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) 65.5 .. 67.3 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 104 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Lower middle income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 40.8 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 4.7 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 26.5 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 26.5 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 93.7 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 60.3 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 69.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 46.5 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 470 540 440 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 3.4 4.5 5.5 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 46.8 47.2 46.1 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 86.4 85.7 86.1 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 73.9 75.2 73.5 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,067 1,446 1,765 1,765 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 48.1 48.1 47.8 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 65.8 65.9 64.8 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 71.0 70.9 70.5 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) 11.7 14.1 .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) 13.7 11.3 .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) 20.7 23.1 .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) 21.0 19.5 .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 5,835 7,053 8,278 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,053 1,265 1,489 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,162 1,420 1,726 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 24.3 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 7.0 10.0 14.0 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 105 Zimbabwe Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Economy GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 860 490 480 1,202 GDP ($ billions) 8.8 6.7 7.5 1,117.5 GDP growth (%) 7.0 -3.1 9.0 5.0 GDP per capita (2000 $) 537 535 321 653 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.9 -3.9 8.2 2.4 Basic demographic indicators Population Total (millions) 10.5 12.5 12.6 844.0 Female (% of total) 50.2 50.3 50.7 50.0 Population growth (%) 2.9 0.8 0.8 2.5 Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) 51.0 54.9 57.1 54.5 Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) 50.8 54.8 56.7 54.2 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 96.5 82.3 75.7 84.7 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 5.9 6.3 7.4 5.9 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 90.6 76.0 68.3 78.1 Life expectancy Total (years) 60.5 44.6 49.9 54.2 Male (years) 58.8 44.8 50.7 53.1 Female (years) 62.4 44.4 49.0 55.3 Fertility rate Total (births per woman) 5.2 3.9 3.3 4.9 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 52.1 68.8 50.9 77.1 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 77.6 115.0 79.8 122.4 Education Gross enrolment rate (% of relevant age group) Primary, male 101.4 .. .. 103.2 Primary, female 100.4 .. .. 95.8 Secondary, male 49.9 .. .. 43.5 Secondary, female 44.0 .. .. 35.6 Tertiary, male .. .. 6.9 8.3 Tertiary, female .. .. 5.5 5.2 Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96.4 .. .. .. Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group) 96.5 .. .. 73.6 Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) 90.6 .. .. 66.7 Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) .. .. 94.7 .. Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) .. .. 89.4 .. Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) .. .. 98.4 .. Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) .. .. 99.5 .. Note: Data in the table are for 2010 or 2011, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2001-2009. 106 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Low income Sub- Saharan Country data Africa 1990 2000 2010–11 2010–11 Health Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15–49) .. .. 64.9 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, condom (%) .. .. 1.4 .. Contraceptive use among married women 15–49 years old, modern method (%) .. .. 57.9 .. Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15–49) .. .. 12.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%) .. .. 89.8 .. Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%) .. .. 56.8 .. HIV positive pregnant women receiving antiretrovirals, using WHO/UNAIDS methodology (%) .. .. 56.0 .. Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 60.2 .. Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 450 640 570 505 Labor force and wages Labor force, total (millions) 4.1 5.5 6.6 337.5 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 46.3 46.4 49.3 45.7 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–64) 79.8 81.8 90.4 76.7 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–64) 67.9 69.2 84.3 64.3 Labor force (15–24 years) (thousands) 1,148 1,735 2,480 2,480 Labor force (15–24 years), female (% of total labor force 15–24 years) 48.3 45.8 48.9 47.9 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15–24) 53.0 54.6 77.1 50.4 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15–24) 56.4 64.5 82.2 55.4 Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15–24) .. .. .. .. Agricultural population (thousands) 7,191 7,868 7,079 471,737 Economically active population in agriculture, female (thousands) 1,572 1,779 1,635 97,543 Economically active population in agriculture, male (thousands) 1,298 1,490 1,483 102,915 Women’s empowerment Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Firms with female top manager (% of firms) .. .. .. .. Female headed households (% of households with a female head) .. .. 37.7 .. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 11.0 14.0 15.0 19.4 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 107 Glossary Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and older who can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents—people younger than age 15 or older than age 64—to the working-age population—people ages 15–64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, and household surveys conducted by national agencies and Macro International) Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents—people older than 64—to the working-age population—those ages 15–64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age popula- tion. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World Population Pros- pects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International) Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents—people younger than 15—to the working-age population—those ages 15–64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age popula- tion. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World Population Pros- pects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International) Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit) is the percentage of women aged 15–49 with a live birth in a given time period that received antenatal care provided by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses, or midwives) at least once during pregnancy, as a percentage of women age 15–49 years with a live birth in a given time period. A skilled health worker/attendant is an accredited health professional—such as a midwife, doctor or nurse— who has been educated and trained to proficiency in the skills needed to manage normal (uncomplicated) pregnancies, childbirth and the imme- diate postnatal period, and in the identification, management and refer- ral of complications in women and newborns. Both trained and untrained traditional birth attendants (TBA) are excluded. (http://www.who.int/ reproductive-health/global_monitoring/index.html) Antenatal care coverage (at least four visits) is the percentage of women aged 15–49 with a live birth in a given time period that received antenatal care four or more times with ANY provider (whether skilled or unskilled), as a percentage of women age 15–49 years with a live birth in a given time period. (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/global_monitoring/index.html) The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 109 Glossary Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (UNICEF, State of the World’s Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International) Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are prac- ticing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually only measured for married women ages 15–49. (Household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys by UNICEF) Contraceptive prevalence, condom use is the percentage of women mar- ried or in-union aged 15 to 49, whose sexual partner is currently using a male condom for contraceptive purposes. (Household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indi- cator Cluster Surveys by UNICEF) Contraceptive prevalence, modern methods is the percentage of women married or in-union aged 15 to 49 who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is using, at least one modern method of contraception, regardless of the method used. Modern methods of contraception include female and male sterilization, oral hormonal pills, the intra-uterine device (IUD), the male condom, injectables, the implant (including Norplant), vaginal barrier methods, the female condom, and emergency contraception. (Household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys by UNICEF) Economically active population in agriculture is that part of the economi- cally active population engaged in or seeking work in agriculture, hunting, fishing, or forestry. (Food and Agriculture Organization, Production Yearbook and data files) Female headed households shows the percentage of households with a female head. (Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International) Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people of the specified age group who meet the International Labour Organization’s defi- nition of the economically active population. (Source International Labour Organization, using World Bank population estimates) Firms with female participation in ownership are the percentage of firms with a woman among the principal owners. [World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)] 110 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Firms with female top manager is the percentage of firms with females as the top manager. [World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprise surveys.org/)] Gross domestic product (GDP) is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated with- out making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for deple- tion and degradation of natural resources. GDP data are shown at market prices (also known as purchaser prices) and converted from domestic cur- rencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. The sum of the components of GDP by industrial origin (presented here as value added) will not normally equal total GDP for several rea- sons. First, components of GDP by expenditure are individually rescaled and summed to provide a partially rebased series for total GDP. Second, total GDP is shown at purchaser value, while value added components are conventionally reported at producer prices. As explained above, purchaser values exclude net indirect taxes, while producer prices include indirect taxes. Third, certain items, such as imputed bank charges, are added in total GDP. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files) Gross domestic product (GDP) growth is the average annual growth rate calculated from real GDP at constant 2000 prices. (World Bank and Organ- isation for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is calculated by dividing real GDP at constant 2000 prices by the corresponding midyear population. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth is the average annual growth rate of real GDP per capita, calculated using the least squares method with 2000 exchange rates. (World Bank and Organisation for Eco- nomic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files) Gross national income (GNI), World Bank Atlas method, (formerly Gross National Product—GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident produc- ers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employ- ees and property income) from abroad. Data are calculated in national currency and usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 111 Glossary large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special World Bank Atlas method of conversion is used: it applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for the difference between the rate of inflation in the country and that in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (through 2000) or the Euro Zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (since 2001). (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files) Gross primary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard- less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the primary level of education. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Gross secondary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard- less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the secondary level of education. Secondary education completes the pro- vision of basic education that began at the primary level and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering more subject or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Gross tertiary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard- less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the tertiary level of education. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condi- tion of admission, the successful completion of education at the second- ary level. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births. [Level & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2011. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortal- ity Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA, UNPD)] Labor force participation rate is the percentage of the population of the specified age group that is economically active—that is, all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. (International Labour Organization’s Key Indicators of the Labour Market database) 112 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to remain the same throughout its life. [Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects; (2) United Nations Statistical Division, Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years); (3) Census reports and other statisti- cal publications from national statistical offices; (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demog- raphy Programme; and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database] Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate is the number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on fertility, birth attendants, and HIV prevalence. (Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990–2010; estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank) Percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women who received antiretrovirals to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Numerator: Number of HIV-positive pregnant women who received antiretrovirals during the last 12 months to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Denominator: Esti- mated number of HIV-positive pregnant women in the last 12 months. The purpose of this indicator is to assess progress in preventing vertical trans- mission of HIV. All data reflect values representing 12 month period ending December 2007 that have been reconciled between reporting country and UNAIDS/WHO/UNICEF, unless otherwise noted. All analysis of this indica- tor, including quoted country figures, reflect numerators that have gone through a tri-agency (UNAIDS/WHO/UNICEF) reconciliation process and denominators that have been estimated directly from the UNAIDS/WHO Reference group on Estimates, Modelling, and Projections methodology (Spectrum). The reconciliation process ensured all agencies reported the same country endorsed figure that was the most recent and met the defini- tion of HIV-positive women receiving antiretroviral drugs over the last 12 months, and thus reflect a full year. Every effort was made in cases of dis- crepancy across the three agencies to obtain approval from the country on a final indicator value. (http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2008/) Population is total population based on the de facto definition of popula- tion, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. The values shown are midyear estimates. [(1) United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects; (2) United Nations Statistical Divi- sion, Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years); (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices; (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Commu- nity: Statistics and Demography Programme; and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database] The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 113 Glossary Population ages 15–64, female (% of total) is the number of females who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population. (The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects) Population ages 15–64, male (% of total) is the number of males who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population. (The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects) Population growth is the exponential rate of growth of midyear popula- tion from year t–1 to year t. [Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects; (2) United Nations Statistical Division, Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years); (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices; (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (5) Secre- tariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme; and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database] Primary school completion rate is the percentage of students complet- ing the last year of primary school. It is calculated as the total number of students in the last grade of primary school minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official gradua- tion age. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school is the ratio of the female gross enrollment rate to the male gross enrollment rate in primary and secondary schools. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cul- tural Organization Institute for Statistics) Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates. [(1) United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects; (2) United Nations Statistical Division, Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years); (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statis- tical offices; (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme; and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database] 114 The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 Total labor force comprises people in the specified age group who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job- seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and work- ers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization, using World Bank population estimates) Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age 5, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates, expressed as a rate per 1,000. (Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International, Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys by UNICEF, Reproductive Health Surveys by U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and Family Health Sur- veys by Pan Arab Project for Family Health) Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database) Unmet need for contraception is the percentage of fertile, married women of reproductive age who do not want to become pregnant and are not using contraception. (Household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys by UNICEF) Women in national parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women. [Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) (www.ipu.org)] Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15–24 who can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organi- zation Institute for Statistics) Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15–24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organiza- tion, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database) The Little Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13 115