Himachal Pradesh Gender Himachal Pradesh has made good progress on gender issues. Women complete higher levels of secondary school than in many other states. Moreover, gender gaps in schooling are closing. And, female labor force participation in the state is the highest in the country. Despite these achievements, challenges remain. The state’s ratio of girls to boys is below the national average, having improved only slightly in recent times. While female labor force participation in the state is high, it has declined after 2005. In rural areas, there are very few non-farm jobs for women. In contrast, urban women work less, but they have the same types of jobs as urban men. Child sex ratio in Himachal Pradesh is below the national average Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969 964 962 957 957 956 948 948 950 943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918 909 902 900 894 890 890 888 871 862 850 846 834 800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK PJ HR Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. Slight increase in Himachal Pradesh’s child sex ratio after 2001 Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 951 950 909 896 900 850 800 1991 2001 2011 1 June 20, 2017 Himachal Pradesh Gender Secondary school attainment of women in Himachal Pradesh is higher than in many other states Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60 57 52 50 46 43 41 40 38 38 35 34 34 33 31 30 30 28 28 26 26 26 26 22 21 21 20 20 20 20 16 16 16 15 14 10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. Secondary school completion is lower for women than men in Himachal Pradesh, rural women further lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 60 53 50 Rural Females 41 40 30 21 11 38 30 29 Urban Females 20 20 20 15 12 16 12 10 63 11 10 0 Males Females 0 20 40 60 80 100 ■ Illiterate ■ Literate or primary school completed ■ Middle school completed ■ Secondary school or higher completed 2 June 20, 2017 Himachal Pradesh Gender Gender gaps in schooling have narrowed for the young in Himachal Pradesh Enrolled in education institutes, (%) 2005 21-23 Female 15 24 9 Male 18-20 46 51 5 15-17 83 86 3 Age 12-14 93 97 4 9-11 98 99 1 6-8 98 96 -2 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Enrolled in education institutes, (%) 2012 21-23 Female 27 30 3 Male 18-20 60 59 -1 15-17 90 91 1 Age 12-14 96 99 3 9-11 97 100 3 6-8 98 99 1 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 3 June 20, 2017 Himachal Pradesh Gender Himachal Pradesh has the highest female labor force participation in the country Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63 63 60 55 55 49 50 47 43 41 40 40 38 38 37 37 36 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 27 25 25 25 24 20 19 17 15 10 9 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ PJ JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. Female labor force participation in Himachal Pradesh has declined after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89 86 78 80 73 82 76 72 71 Rural Male 60 67 Urban Male Rural Female 40 Urban Female 36 30 20 28 0 1993-94 2004-05 2011-12 4 June 20, 2017 Himachal Pradesh Gender Rural women in Himachal Pradesh work mainly in farming, more non-farm jobs for rural men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males Rural Females 2 5 6 23 40 22 87 16 ■ Farm - All ■ Non-farm Self Employed ■ Non-farm Salaried ■ Non-farm Casual Wage When urban women in Himachal Pradesh work, they have similar jobs as urban men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males Urban Females 5 4 11 19 24 19 58 61 ■ Farm - All ■ Non-farm Self Employed ■ Non-farm Salaried ■ Non-farm Casual Wage 5 June 20, 2017