40681 Annual Report/Fiscal Year 2001 Japan Social Development Fund THE WORLD BANK Resource Mobilization and Cofinancing Japan Social Development Fund Table of Contents Letter from the Vice President i I. Overall Summary 2 II. Summary by Type of Activity 4 Direct Relief to the Poor and Vulnerable 4 Innovative Approaches in Social Development 4 Community-driven Development 5 Bolstering Capacities of Local Populations 5 Partnerships in Development with NGOs 5 III. JSDF Operations in Fiscal 2001 7 Regional Distribution 7 Sectoral Distribution 9 IV. JSDF—Countries in Focus, Fiscal 2001 13 Indonesia 13 Philippines 14 China 15 Tajikistan 16 V. JSDF—Governance Mechanisms 17 VI. Conclusion 19 Annex 1: JSDF Grants Approved in Fiscal 2001 20 Letter from the Vice President T he global financial crises, which began in JSDF has been designed as a tool for local com- East Asia in 1997, had far reaching effects munities and groups to actively participate in and on the economies of developing countries be responsible for their own economic and social and the livelihoods of people, especially the development. By encouraging this direct and tangi- poorest and most vulnerable groups. Unemploy- ble participation in the decision-making and imple- ment reached its highest levels in 25 years, real mentation processes, those groups most in need are wages plummeted, and poverty levels increased being empowered not just with financial assistance, exponentially. The economic recession not only but with knowledge, responsibility and accounta- created a social crisis but also uncovered the sys- bility. These are the foundations for sustainable temic weaknesses of many of the policies and insti- development: creating ownership, pride, and a tutions guiding the social and economic develop- sense of self-determination in the results of devel- ment of these countries. Government institutions opment activities. and social safety nets were unable to deal with the As this report demonstrates, JSDF is becoming increasing number of people in need of services, an important instrument to finance activities that especially for those most affected by the declining help spark changes in policy and decision-making economic situation. at the grass-root level by providing direct assistance To respond to the needs of the growing number though new approaches to development, empower- of people in poverty while economic recovery ing people and building their capacities to help measures were being implemented to restore long- themselves. Already, 36 activities are underway term growth, the Government of Japan and the which would benefit a large population of the poor. World Bank entered into discussions to look into These grants are expected to significantly change the possibilities of providing short-term grant assis- the way of life for the beneficiaries, providing them tance for the poor who had been severely affected hope for the future. by the global financial crisis. These discussions cul- With its distinct set of priorities that encourages minated in the creation of the Japan Social Devel- the use of innovative methods to achieve rapid opment Fund (JSDF) in June 2000—a grant instru- results and the direct participation of local benefi- ment which focuses on participation, inclusion and ciaries and community organizations in grant capacity building to alleviate poverty. implementation, the Japan Social Development The JSDF offers a mechanism to provide direct Fund represents the joint commitment of the relief to the poor through new and innovative Government of Japan and the World Bank to rap- methods. It also gives opportunities to develop idly respond to social and economic needs of the partnerships amongst local communities, together poorest. with NGOs and other civil society groups, and We at the World Bank look forward to our con- governments. JSDF grants aim to provide assis- tinued partnership with the Government of Japan tance to programs that have a high potential for through this important grant facility to achieve our improving the living conditions of the most affect- dream of a world free of poverty. ed groups while building the foundations for sus- tainable development. Motoo Kusakabe Vice President Resource Mobilization and Cofinancing Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 1 1. Overall Summary T he Japan Social Development Fund The main purposes of the JSDF are: has been established to create a • Provide direct relief to the poor and mechanism to provide direct grant most vulnerable groups. assistance to the poorest and most vulnerable groups in Bank client coun- • Use innovative methods in social tries, while fostering long-term social development. development. The grants target initia- • Apply community-driven, participato- tives that provide rapid results in pover- ry approaches to achieve rapid results ty alleviation and foster the direct par- which create ownership by beneficiar- ticipation of NGOs, community groups ies of developmental activities. and civil society. They provide a means to support innovative activities that can- • Support capacity building activities to “It was the rich who not normally be financed through the World Bank’s loans and credit mecha- build the foundation for sustainable development. benefited from the nisms. In fiscal 2001, the Japan Social Devel- • Promote cooperation with non-gov- ernmental organizations. opment Fund (JSDF) became opera- boom . . . but we, the tional with contributions from the Gov- JSDF grants support a distinct set of ernment of Japan of $93 million1. This priorities to create rapid and sustainable poor, pay the price new grant facility offers a mechanism to provide assistance and opportunities to results and ensure sustainability over the long-term. of the crisis.” poor communities and foster their part- nerships with local governments, NGOs Since the launch of the JSDF in June 2000, significant progress has been and other civil society groups. made in the four rounds of funding dur- —Khun Bunjam, a community leader from the slums of Khon Kaen, The JSDF supports two types of ing the first year of operations. Northeast Thailand. grants. Project grants, designed to pro- vide direct relief measures to the poor, are available to World Bank member countries whose 1999 per capita GNP does not exceed US$1,445. Capacity building grants, intended to strengthen local communities, NGOs and/or local institutions, are available to low-income and lower middle-income countries (as defined in the 2000/2001 World Devel- opment Report). 1 Japan established a similar facility at the Asian Devel- opment Bank (ADB) called the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR). JSDF is working to improve the delivery of health services to the most needy in society. 2 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Thirty-six grants totaling $36 million were • Capacity building grants, totaling $7.3 million, approved in the first year of operations. These ben- are under implementation in Cambodia, Chad, efited 24 countries to support community-based Colombia, Jordan, Sri Lanka and the East Asia development activities in the areas of women’s Region through the ASEAN regional program. development, child protection, community devel- Based on the results of the first year of operations, opment, restoring health services, and improving prospects for JSDF are extremely positive. As the educational opportunities for disadvantaged use of innovative methods continues to show sus- groups. tainable results in poverty alleviation, we expect • Supporting the JSDF grant’s focus on Asian more grants will apply these mechanisms to their countries, 72 percent of grant funds, totaling implementation in the future. We are also receiving $26.4 million, were allocated to countries in increasing number of requests from prospective South, East, and Central Asia. Latin America grant beneficiaries to help them build their capaci- and the Caribbean Region received 12 percent of ties to continue the development process over the funds, followed by Africa and Eastern Europe, long term—in line with on of the objectives of the (each receiving 7 percent of total funds), and the program. Middle East and North Africa Region, receiving As we learn from the experiences of the JSDF, we 2 percent of total funds. hope to further enhance the program’s effectiveness and continue our close dialogue with the Govern- • Thirty-two percent of JSDF grants targeted ment of Japan and other partners such as the Asian social protection measures to alleviate the strain Development Bank. on the most vulnerable groups in these coun- tries. Programs in human development received 23 percent of total funds, followed by rural development, urban development and infra- structure. • A total amount of $28.7 million (80 percent of total allocations) was approved for project grants providing direct relief to the poor and vulnerable groups in 22 countries. Direct relief projects supported by the JSDF include improv- ing access to health care (China, Tajikistan, Cen- tral African Republic), community grants for economic and social rehabilitation (Indonesia, Philippines, Bulgaria), job training and income generation programs for poor women (Pakistan, Mongolia, China), and programs to encourage dropouts and street children to reintegrate into the educational system (Philippines, Mongolia). Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 3 2. Summary by Type of Activity T he following section provides a summary of A number of JSDF grants approved in fiscal 2001 the various types of activities funded under are applying innovative methods to the development JSDF in fiscal 2001 and demonstrates how process. The creation of community-based grant the grants are meeting the objectives of the programs has been the most commonly applied program. innovative mechanism in the portfolio. Communi- ty-based sub-grant programs have been established Direct Relief to the Poor and Vulnerable under 12 JSDF grants in the areas of slum renewal, rural poor women’s development, rural communi- Targeted support for vulnerable groups among the ty development, micro-finance, and educational poor that entail the delivery of social assistance or development for disenfranchised children. health and human services characterizes a number These programs are applying innovative meth- of direct relief project grants being supported by the ods to facilitate rapid results, decentralize decision- JSDF. Examples of these grants include: improving making to the community level, and lay the foun- access to health care (China, Tajikistan, Central dations for sustainable development. African Republic); establishing community grants Innovative development mechanisms are being for economic and social rehabilitation (Indonesia, applied to a number of JSDF grants, including the Philippines, Bulgaria); job training and income gen- Mongolia Street Children grant, the India Commu- eration programs for poor women (Pakistan, Mon- nity Infrastructure grant, the Indonesia Widows golia, China), and programs to encourage dropouts and Poverty grant, the Philippines Out of School and street children to reintegrate them into the edu- Children and Youth grant, and the India Commu- cational system (Philippines, Mongolia). nity Infrastructure for the Poor Guarantee Fund (see Box 1). Innovative Approaches in Social Development JSDF encourages the use of new and innovative methods and financing activities to create rapid Box 1 results and encourage long-term sustainability. Seeking to expand innovative practices in develop- ment, JSDF supports the use of mechanisms that Innovative Grant in Focus may be new to a particular country but have India: Community Infrastructure demonstrated results in poverty alleviation in other for the Poor Guarantee Fund countries. These may involve the creation of com- This $2.4 million micro-lending grant aims, in the short munity-based financing mechanisms that encour- term, to strengthen the ability of poor communities to age decentralized decision-making, authority and secure loans from local financial institutions to implement ownership (social funds, community development community-based infrastructure projects. In the long term, funds), directly targeting the most vulnerable the grant hopes to improve the creditworthiness of com- groups in societies, developing the capacity of local munities to enable them to continue making investments in NGOs to act as the primary implementation agent their own social and economic development. for grants, and encouraging international NGOs to The grant is being implemented by an NGO based in participate in the grant design, implementation and India, the Friends of World Women’s Banking (FWWB). This kind of micro-guarantee lending instrument is monitoring processes. new for the region in implementing poverty alleviation projects. It seeks not only to develop the infrastructure of poor communities, but also to create a foundation for future financing from local institutions. 4 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Community-Driven Development ity of local governments or communities with weak social/poverty indicators. One of the main priorities of the JSDF is to encour- Most JSDF grants approved in fiscal 2001 are age local communities and beneficiaries to actively implementing capacity building activities. Seven participate in, and be responsible for, their own capacity building grants, totaling $7.3 million are economic and social development. This participa- under implementation in Cambodia, Chad, tion increases local ownership of programs, a key Colombia, Jordan, Sri Lanka, and the East Asia element of sustainable development. Region through the ASEAN regional program. Grants in the JSDF portfolio have sought the involvement of local communities in the design, Partnerships in Development with preparation and/or implementation and monitor- Non-Governmental Organizations ing of the grant. Box 2 provides an example of a JSDF grant promoting the community-driven The JSDF has forged a number of partnerships development approach. with local and international NGOs in the design and implementation processes of grants. NGOs are Bolstering Capacities of Local Populations either the grant beneficiaries or the primary exe- cuting agencies for 11 grants under implementation JSDF supports capacity building initiatives and in Mongolia, Philippines, India, Cambodia, Benin, improvement measures which strengthen local China, Vietnam, Jordan, and the Central African communities and NGOs or expand the capabilities Republic. of social fund-type institutions; promote positive In a number of grants approved in fiscal 2001, interactions among government institutions, NGOs have been directly involved in the full grant NGOs, communities; and improve the accountabil- cycle—design, preparation, implementation and Box 2 Box 3 Community-Driven Development Grant in Focus Capacity Building Grant In Focus Cambodia: Basic Education Sri Lanka: Village Self-help Learning Initiatives Designed and implemented by the local office of Save the Children Implemented in one of the poorest regions of Sri Lanka, Norway, this $1.6 million grant aims to promote access of children to this $750,000 grant aims to build the capacity of community- basic education, replicate and enrich learning quality, and strengthen based organizations reaching the poorest of the poor. capacity in leadership and decentralized educational management at The community-based organizations will work to the provincial level. The grant targets two provinces and five districts strengthen the capacity of the poorest villagers to: that were under the control of the Khmer Rouge (KR). • Develop a long-term vision and action plan for income Beneficiaries (children, teachers and community representatives) generation and social services; will participate in school planning, construction, monitoring and evalu- • Assist in the implementation process by providing rele- ation of school development activities. Decentralized decision-making vant training, and technical support, and creating an MIS and authority will be encouraged through the establishment of school system; support committees, involving community representatives and school management. The committees will be involved in managing planned • Develop development partnerships among village groups, activities including school construction, school income generation, and local level authorities, NGOs, and the private sector. community resource mobilization. Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 5 monitoring. Examples include Save the Children Northern Mountain Poverty Reduction grant. In Norway, Cambodia, Children and Youth Founda- the Central African Republic, partnership has been tion of the Philippines, Khmer HIV/AIDS Alliance, built between the World Bank and Amis d’Afrique, Cambodia, Agence de Financement des Initiatives, a Japanese NGO working locally in the health sec- Benin, All China Women’s Federation, and the tor. Amis d’Afrique is the primary implementing Partnership of Philippines Support Service Agen- agency for this program and is working directly cies. The World Bank is playing a supporting role with the World Bank task team. in these grants, helping the NGOs in the imple- These results show that a number of NGOs have mentation, monitoring and/or evaluation process. been successful in gaining access to JSDF grants by The majority of partnerships in fiscal 2001 meeting eligibility requirements to qualify for grant involved NGO participation in some aspects of the recipient/executing agency status. These NGOs grant cycle. For example, a consortium of Japanese have demonstrated a proven track record in the NGOs including ICA, NICCO and AMDA are sector and/or country related to the program and implementing the JSDF grant for the Vietnam evidence of financial probity. Box 4 Partnership with NGOs in Focus: Pilot For Poverty Reduction, Vietnam This US$1,395,000 grant funded by the JSDF is supporting the implementation of a multi-sectoral community-based poverty reduc- tion program in six selected poor communes of the Northern Mountains Provinces on a pilot basis. Specifically, the JSDF grant will (i) support capacity building, (ii) field-test alternative means of community participation in project design, implementation and monitoring, and (iii) further develop mechanisms to target the most vulnerable population of the selected communes and meas- ures for increased participation of ethnic minorities in all aspects of the community based program. An integral feature of this JSDF grant is the participation of Japanese NGOs through the Japan Vietnam NMPRP Consortium (JVNC) in grant implementation. Three NGOs—ICA Japan, AMDA and NICCO—formed the consortium specifically to engage in the activities supported by the JSDF grant. 6 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report 3. JSDF Operations in Fiscal 2001 T he JSDF, in its first year of operation, has pro- the implementation process, and initiatives to build vided much needed funding for programs the capacity of local formal and non-formal insti- aimed at protecting and encouraging the social tutions and organizations are being implemented, and economic development of the poor and to varying degrees, in most of the grants financed most vulnerable groups in countries most affected by the JSDF. by the global financial crises and other low and low-middle income countries around the world. Regional Distribution The World Bank and the Government of Japan, the JSDF grants benefited 24 countries in fiscal 2001. development partners administering the JSDF, have Supporting the JSDF grant’s focus on Asian coun- implemented four rounds of funding as of June 30, tries, 72 percent of grant funds were allocated to 2001. countries in South, East, and Central Asia. Latin The JSDF disbursed the largest share of funds to America and the Caribbean received 12 percent of countries in East, Central and South Asia. A num- funds, followed by Africa and Eastern Europe, ber of countries received multiple grants in a vari- (each receiving 7 percent of total funds), and the ety of sectors. A majority of the portfolio (32 per- Middle East and North Africa, receiving 2 percent cent) consists of social protection grants, followed of total 2001 funds. by human development, rural development, urban development, infrastructure, transport and legal East Asia and the Pacific Region and social justice. The JSDF financed 17 grants and one regional pro- All of the grants sought the direct involvement gram totaling $21 million in nine countries. of local communities, local governments and/or Indonesia was the largest grant recipient, with NGOs in the design, preparation and/or implemen- three project-based grants accounting for 29 per- tation and monitoring of the grant. A number of cent of total allocations for the region, followed by grants are applying new and innovative methods in the Philippines, with four project-based grants accounting for 25 percent of regional funds. Lao PDR received 9.9 percent of funds, followed by Cambodia, 9.6 percent, the ASEAN Regional Pro- Figure 1: Regional Distribution of JSDF Grants Approved in Fiscal 2001 (percentage of total allocation) gram for East Asia, 9.4 percent, Vietnam, 6.6 per- cent, China, 6.4 percent, Mongolia, 2.3 percent Middle East & and Samoa, 1.6 percent. North Africa Africa 2% 7% South Asia Latin America & The JSDF financed five grants totaling $4.7 million Caribbean in three countries: India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. 12% India was the largest recipient making up 67 per- cent of the regional portfolio with a community Eastern Europe 7% East Asia & infrastructure development program and a capaci- Pacific ty building grant working to provide legal services Central Asia 57% 2% to poor women. Sri Lanka received 21.6 percent of regional funds, and Pakistan received 11.2 percent. South Asia 13% Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 7 Table 1 Regional Distribution of JSDF Grants Approved in Fiscal 2001 First Round Second Round Third Round Fourth Round Total Region Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount of Grants (in USD) of Grants (in USD) of Grants (in USD) of Grants (in USD) of Grants (in USD) East Asia and 7 9,239,840 6* 4,899,734 4 5,343,460 1 1,610,000 18 21,093,034 Pacific South Asia 2 2,936,923 1 750,000 0 0 2 1,087,500 5 4,774,423 Central Asia 0 0 1 575,000 0 0 0 0 1 575,000 Eastern Europe 2 1,291,500 1 800,000 1 370,000 0 0 4 2,461,500 Latin American 2 1,445,000 0 0 1 2,825,075 0 0 3 4,270,075 and the Caribbean Middle East and 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 574,435 2 574,435 North Africa Africa 0 0 1 758,000 2 1,467,780 0 0 3 2,225,780 Total 13 14,913,263 10 7,782,734 8 10,006,315 5 3,271,935 36 35,974,247 *This figure includes the ASEAN Regional Program. Central Asia project-based grants in Honduras and Nicaragua The JSDF financed one grant in Tajikistan for make up 17.9 percent and 15.9 percent of the $575,000 to improve the health and nutrition of regional portfolio respectively. neediest children and families through training, school lunch programs, and preventative health Middle East and North Africa programs. In the fourth grant review round, the JSDF approved one project grant and one capacity build- Eastern Europe ing grant amounting to $574,435. Both grants are The JSDF financed four grants in three countries working towards promoting women’s develop- amounting to just over $2.4 million. The largest ment. The Yemen Promoting Gender Equity grant beneficiary was Bulgaria, currently implementing aims to mitigate the barriers to women’s develop- two grants comprising 44.7 percent of regional ment through socialization and awareness raising funds. Moldova received funding for one project around the issue of violence against women. The grant, or 32.5 percent of the portfolio, followed by local office of Oxfam, an international NGO, will Albania, with 22.8 percent of regional funds. implement the grant. The Jordan-Legal Aid Ser- vices for Poor Women grant is one of two grants in Latin America and the Caribbean the JSDF portfolio that are part of the Law and Jus- Two project grants and one capacity building tice Network/Global Program, the other grant grant, totaling $4.3 million, were financed for being implemented in Sri Lanka. These grants aim Latin America and the Caribbean. The Colombia to increase the access by poor women to legal serv- Capacity Building grant is the largest grant in the ices by subsidizing fees for legal representation, region and in the JSDF portfolio at $2.8 million, or public education programs and training programs 66.2 percent of regional funds. Two other smaller targeting judicial system personnel. 8 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Table 2 Country Distribution of JSDF grants by number and amount in fiscal 2001 Region Country Number of Grants Amount East Asia and Pacific Philippines 4 $5,272,960 Indonesia 3 $6,111,840 Cambodia 2 $2,032,500 Lao PDR 2 $2,096,200 China 2 $1,350,000 Vietnam 1 $1,395,000 Mongolia 2 $496,234 Samoa 1 $338,300 Regional Program 1 $2,000,000 Subtotal 18 $21,093,034 South Asia India 2 $3,205,500 Sri Lanka 2 $1,032,000 Pakistan 1 $536,923 Subtotal 5 $4,774,423 Central Asia Tajikistan 1 $575,000 Latin America and Colombia 1 $2,825,075 the Caribbean Nicaragua 1 $765,500 Honduras 1 $679,500 Subtotal 3 $4,270,075 Eastern Europe Bulgaria 2 $1,470,000 Moldova 1 $800,000 Albania 1 $191,500 Subtotal 4 $2,461,500 Middle East and Jordan 1 $191,000 North Africa Yemen 1 $383,435 Subtotal 2 $574,435 Africa Chad 1 $837,780 Benin 1 $758,000 Central African Republic 1 $630,000 Subtotal 3 $2,225,780 Total 36 $35,974,247 Africa Sectoral Distribution In fiscal 2001, JSDF financed two project grants JSDF grants approved in fiscal 2001 primarily tar- and one capacity building grant in three countries, geted investments in social protection and human amounting to $2.2 million. Chad received the development for the poor, especially for women, largest amount of funding, with 37.7 percent of the children and impoverished rural populations. Thir- portfolio, followed by the Central African Repub- ty-two percent of total JSDF funds allocated in fis- lic with 34.1 percent and Benin with 28.3 percent. cal 2001 financed social protection programs in the Overall, Indonesia was the largest country recip- areas of child protection and education for margin- ient, with three grants totaling $6,111,840. A num- alized youth (street-children, out-of-school youth, ber of countries, particularly in East Asia, were child laborers), women’s development and training, recipients of multiple grants in a variety of sectors, and community-based credit programs and social including the Philippines, Cambodia, Lao PDR, funds. Mongolia and China. Single grants are being implemented in 14 countries. Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 9 East Asia and the Pacific Figure 2: Sectoral Distribution of Grants Approved in Fiscal 2001 The sectoral focus of the region concentrated on (percentage of allocations) rural development grants, accounting for 30.7 per- Law and cent ($6.5 million) of total regional funds. The Infrastructure Social Justice 7% 1% human development sector received 27.4 percent Human Transport Development ($5.8 million) of regional funds, followed by urban 3% 23% development (20.2 percent; $4.3 million), and transport (4.4 percent; $5.8 million). The rural development sector received substan- tial funding for such programs as women’s devel- Rural Development Urban opment in civil war ravaged areas in the Southern 22% Development Philippines, pilot programs for rural poverty reduc- 12% tion in Vietnam, and programs to implement vil- lage-based development initiatives in Lao PDR. Finally, the transport sector received funding to implement a rural road development program in Social Lao PDR. Protection Human development grants financed activities 32% to increase access by the poor and vulnerable groups to health care services in China, Cambodia The human development sector received 23 per- and Samoa; to develop skills and opportunities for cent of JSDF funds for programs in the areas of edu- women in China; and to encourage out-of-school cation, health, NGO/community capacity building, youth and dropouts to return to school through and the provision of social services. Rural develop- scholarship programs, loans and grants in the ment programs received 22 percent of JSDF funds Philippines. to create social funds and credit schemes to enable community-based rural development, food security, South Asia improved local decision-making, and increased South Asia grants focused in the infrastructure access to micro-credit. development and human development sectors The urban development sector received 12 per- (50.3 percent of regional funds) with a $2.4 million cent of total funds for fiscal 2001 to support pro- micro-lending grant for India designed to strength- grams in the areas of slum community renewal and en the creditworthiness of poor communities while development, and NGO and urban community implementing community-based infrastructure association development. The infrastructure sector programs. The social protection program in India received 7 percent of funds, followed by the trans- received 16.9 percent ($0.8 million) of regional port sector with 3 percent of total funds, and the funds, followed by the Sri Lanka village self-help law and social justice sector with 1 percent of total rural development program (5.7 percent; $0.75 JSDF funds for two programs designed to promote million), a human development program being women’s access to legal services. implemented in Pakistan, receiving 11.2 percent ($0.5 million) of regional funds, and a law and social justice grant approved for Sri Lanka (5.9 percent, $0.3 million). 10 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Latin America and the Caribbean Programs in social protection were the sole focus of the Latin America and the Caribbean Region grant portfolio. Colom- bia was the largest grant recipi- ent, with $2.8 million or 66.2 percent of regional funds, for a social protection capacity build- ing grant designed to strengthen the partnership between govern- ment and NGOs working in the Social Protection grants received the majority of JSDF Funds in FY 2001 ($10.2 million) especially targeting poor women and children. provision of social services to internally displaced people. The creation of a Community Devel- Central Asia opment Innovation Fund in Nicaragua received The JSDF is financing one human development $0.8 million, or 17.9 percent and a program in program in Tajikistan ($0.6 million), working to Honduras targeting children at-risk of dropping improve the health and nutrition of neediest chil- out of the education system received $0.7 million dren and families through the provision of school and comprises 15.9 percent of total allocations to lunches, training for parent teacher sssociations, the region. and developing school-based preventive health pro- grams. Middle East and North Africa The JSDF is supporting two grants in the region, Eastern Europe both social protection programs working towards The social protection sector received the most promoting poor women’s economic and social funds for the Eastern European region with 59.7 development. The Yemen Promoting Gender Equi- percent ($1.5 million) of regional funds allocated ty grant with $0.4 million or 66.7 percent of to two programs in Bulgaria; one, a social develop- regional funds aims to mitigate the barriers to ment program for $1.1 million (44.7 percent) tar- women’s development through socialization and geting Roma children’s social and educational awareness raising around the issue of violence development and a smaller second program of $0.4 against women. The local office of Oxfam, an million (15 percent) designed to improve welfare international NGO, will implement the grant. The among poorest communities through the imple- Jordan legal aid services for poor women grant mentation of small pilot community-based and ($0.2 million or 33.3 percent) is one of two grants community designed programs. The human devel- in the JSDF portfolio that are part of the Law and opment sector received 32.5 percent ($0.8 million) Justice Network/Global Program, the other grant of regional funds for an education program target- being implemented in Sri Lanka. ing Romanian language school capacity building in Moldova. Finally, an urban development program implemented in Albania comprises 7.8 percent ($0.2 million) of total regional funds. Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 11 Africa sub-regional and village level associations of small The JSDF is supporting three development grants cotton farmers, and a monitoring and evaluation in Africa; a rural development program in Chad component. The Benin child protection program is (37.6 percent of regional funds; $0.8 million), a piloting methods for preventing further child labor social protection program in Benin (34.1 percent; migration and emigration and the rescue and reha- $0.8 million), and a human development program bilitation of current victims of exploitative child in the Central African Republic (28.3 percent; $0.6 trafficking. Finally, the reinforcing HIV/AIDS strat- million). The program in Chad aims to provide egy grant under implementation in the Central small cotton farmers with the capacity to exert African Republic is financing human development greater bargaining power, and thereby capture a and capacity building activities to fight the spread larger part of the revenues, in a liberalized cotton of HIV/AIDS. The main implementing agency for sector. The grant is supporting information dissem- this grant is the Japanese NGO Amis d’Afrique. ination activities, capacity building for regional, 12 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report 4. JSDF—Countries in Focus, Fiscal 2001 T he 1997–1999 global financial and econom- The JSDF has financed a number of direct relief ic crises had resounding effects on low and grants targeting those countries hardest hit by the lower-middle income countries around the socio-economic crises including the Philippines, world. Of those countries that did not expe- China, Indonesia, Tajikistan, Bulgaria and Albania. rience direct shocks to their financial systems, most This section will examine four of these countries: faced declines in the prices of traditional exports or Indonesia, the Philippines, China and Tajikistan, in export volume, resulting in balance of payments describing the particular effects of the economic problems. As incomes fell, so did government rev- crisis on each country and the JSDF grants enues, consequently putting pressure on social pro- designed to mitigate these effects and encourage grams to provide employment, social services, and sustainable development. basic needs of the poorest. The countries of East Asia, Eastern Europe and Indonesia Central Asia were at the center of the crises. With Indonesia experienced severe financial, political the collapse of the East Asian financial markets and and environmental consequences as a result of the subsequent recession, countries in the region expe- 1997 financial crises, dramatically increasing rienced dramatic increases in prices, unemploy- unemployment and poverty levels throughout the ment and poverty in both rural and urban areas. country. The percentage of poor households rose Funding for social services was eroded and govern- from 11 percent in 1996 to 20 percent in 1999. ments’ efforts to provide social safety nets for the Additionally, and because of the acute effects on poorest and most vulnerable groups were insuffi- the financial sector, the rural poor who had relied cient to deal with the increasing numbers of people heavily on micro-finance, have suffered and their in need of these services. The East Asia region saw opportunity for economic recovery continues to be a dramatic deterioration in the socio-economic threatened. well-being of people, especially for rural popula- The JSDF is supporting two project-based grants tions, women and children. to address some of the most serious consequences Countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, of the 1997-99 crises in Indonesia: the widows and relying primarily on trade with Russia for their poverty program and the squatter community economic stability and future development, saw a assistance pilot program. sharp decline in the demand for exports as a result of the Russian crisis which culminated into major The Widows and Poverty Program, a $2,197,040 systemic effects on banking systems, foreign invest- million project grant, is being implemented in 45 ment, government expenditures and the socio-eco- villages in four provinces (Central Java, Aceh, nomic situation of the people in the region. Already Southern Sulawesi and West Timor). The program high levels of unemployment increased further, aims to provide community grants to facilitate the along with poverty rates, and placed impossible social and economic rehabilitation of poor rural burdens on under-funded and inefficient govern- women. Investment priorities will be defined by the ment social programs. beneficiaries (widows) through informal, small- scale community organizations. The Pilot Program to Assist Squatter Communities ($2,304,800) is being implemented in 30 slum communities in Jakarta, Serang and Cirebon, some of the most severely impacted urban areas in Indonesia. The program aims to provide immediate assistance to improve the living conditions of the squatter communities and will develop the capaci- Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 13 ty of formal and informal community associations The Philippines Out-of-School Youth Program ($1 to develop partnerships with local governments million) is addressing the needs of out-of-school and strengthen their ability to implement their own children and youth at risk of dropping out of for- development programs. mal basic education. Implemented by the Children and Youth Foundation of the Philippines, a local Philippines NGO, the grant is working at the community level to provide financial assistance to needy pupils and Like Indonesia, the economic crisis, combined with students, creating scholarship funds to create the effects of El Nino and La Nina on agricultural employment opportunities by way of technical output, had enormous consequences on the popu- education and training. Additionally, the grant has lation, especially for the poor, women and children a capacity building component aimed at strength- and other vulnerable groups. More than 90 percent ening organizations and institutions that engage in of families reported being adversely affected by the non-formal technical education or skills training economic situation. Public expenditures for social courses for dropouts. programs have significantly decreased, unemploy- ment levels have increased to historically high lev- The Special Zone on Peace and Development els (13.9% as of April 2000), and an increase in (SZOPAD) Program ($1.5 million) targets an area prices has had a dramatic effect on poor families’ in the Southern Philippines composed of 14 ability to secure even the most basic resources. provinces and 10 cities. SZOPAD has the highest The JSDF is responding to these issues through concentration of poor people in the country with a the implementation of four project grants, imple- poverty incidence of 51.2 percent (average for the mented by the Government of the Philippines, local country is 35.7 percent). The program aims to governments and, in one case, an international develop the livelihood skills and capacity of indige- NGO. nous peoples, women’s groups and unemployed and displaced workers through training, capacity building and the provision of micro-credit grants to enable small investments to be made by the benefi- ciaries in their own development. “The JSDF grant our organization is implementing addresses the needs of out-of- school children and youth at risk of dropping out of formal basic education. Our participation in the JSDF symbolizes the effective partnership between the Department of Social Welfare and Development (within the Philippine central government) and our foundation in assisting out- of-school children and youth.” —Felicitas Rixhon, Executive Director of the Children and Youth Foundation of the Philippines 14 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Improving Micro-finance Access for Barangay and China Town-Based Micro-enterprise Program ($808,460) The economic crisis had far-reaching negative aims to contribute to rural and urban poverty alle- impacts on employment, per capita income and viation efforts through the enhancement of the social services throughout China. Between 1993 growth of micro-enterprises (particularly, but not and 1996, 136 million people were lifted out of limited to, agribusinesses) by improving access to poverty (based on the international poverty line of micro-finance facilities. The grant will establish a $1 day). But since 1996, poverty has stayed at 17 revolving loan fund to augment the business capital percent of the population. Between 1996 and 1998 of small micro-enterprises. Local capacity and assis- urban poverty doubled. Rural income growth tance will be developed through the creation of slowed to about 4.5 percent in 1997 and 1998, municipal-level Micro-enterprise Development compared to an average increase of 6.5 percent in Assistance Centers (MDACs) and Barangay Rural 1994–1996. Social safety nets were eroded and the Enterprise and Agricultural Development (BREAD) system was unable to adequately respond to the Centers to be established and funded by the grant. increasing numbers of poor and vulnerable groups The introduction of innovative credit delivery throughout China. mechanisms will also be tested on a pilot basis to The JSDF has funded two grants in China work- assess their viability for application on a larger ing with local organizations to strengthen the pro- scale while improving the quality of service and vision of health services and increase employment sustainability of local micro-finance institutions. opportunities for poor women. Upscaling Urban Poor Community Renewal Pro- The Empowering the Poor Women in the Western gram ($1,964,500) is a community-based pilot Region with Knowledge and Opportunity Program program concentrating in five project sites testing ($950,000) aims to address women’s poverty in innovative demand-driven methods for poor com- two Western provinces of China. The $950,000 munity upgrading and poverty alleviation. The grant will finance business development and grant will be channeled directly to community employment training and education programs for groups to make investments in minor civil works women, support the development of small busi- including water supply, waste water treatment, nesses through the provision of business startup storm drainage, solid waste collection and recy- grants, and strengthen the capacity of local organ- cling and social community facilities. Community izations and NGOs in the areas of program man- groups will also receive training and technical agement and monitoring and evaluation methods. assistance to better prepare themselves technically, organizationally and financially to implement and Improving Access to Health Care by the Rural manage community-based development programs. Poor Program ($400,000) aims to strengthen the To encourage national replication of this type partnership between NGOs and government for of program, the grant will fund a thorough evalua- defining and delivering effective social services in tion of programs and develop a guidebook that can poor rural communities. The grant will finance be used by other communities to implement these technical assistance, training and capacity building types of poor community renewal programs. for local organizations to strengthen the delivery of health services. The China Rural Doctors Associa- tion and All China Women’s Federation, two NGOs, are playing instrumental roles in program implementation. Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 15 Tajikistan The Social Protection Reform Program ($575,000) aims to pilot alternative approaches to assist the Since independence, Tajikistan has struggled in its poorest groups of society and demonstrate alterna- social and economic development. The substantial tive social protection mechanisms for the govern- decline in the economy in the first half of the ment. The grant will strengthen the capacity of 1990’s was exacerbated by the 1997–1999 global local parent-teacher associations (PTAs) to enable crises. Levels of material poverty in Tajikistan are them to identify and assist the neediest children high, with 96 percent of the population living and families through the provision of cash and in- below the minimum consumption basket; four out kind grants. The grant will also implement school- of five are ‘poor’, a third are ‘very poor’, and near- based nutritional and health prevention programs ly 20 percent are ‘extremely poor’ (below $1,075 by funding school lunch programs, nutrition mon- per capita income). While the government recog- itoring and health check-ups. The PTAs are being nizes the severity of the problem, it has limited supported with a combination of logistical support resources and lacks institutional capacity to reform and resources for the purchase of cooking or gar- the social protection system. dening equipment, the development of school meals, and/or payments for medical help (for the health check-ups of children). JSDF grants are working to improve access to education and keep children at-risk of dropping out in school. 16 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report 5. JSDF—Governance Mechanisms T he World Bank and the Government of JSDF Governing Structure Japan have developed a comprehensive gov- JSDF proposals are initially vetted by Country ernance structure to guide the JSDF opera- Directors, Sector Managers, and technical review- tion process and to ensure the transparent ers. The World Bank has established a JSDF Steer- and effective management of the fund. A number ing Committee, chaired by the Director of Trust of coordination and reporting mechanisms have Fund Operations, to act as the primary coordinator been developed to enable the World Bank and the of the JSDF. The Steering Committee is responsible Donor to communicate regularly about the for the review of grant proposals and communicat- progress of grants, the extent to which the JSDF is ing the grants proposed for funding to the Govern- meeting the defined objectives and priorities, and ment of Japan. Additionally, communication has to discuss future priorities of the JSDF. been established between the Chairman of the To meet the program’s objectives, the JSDF is Steering Committee and the Director for Strategy designed to quickly disburse funds to those coun- and Policy of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) tries and vulnerable groups that are most in need to to ensure close coordination between the JSDF and create measurable and rapid results. To facilitate the facility established by Japan and ADB in May this accelerated funding process, the World Bank 2000, called the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction and the Government of Japan have streamlined the (JFPR). JSDF grant screening process, targeting approval within three months on the average. Grant sizes range from $50,000 to $3 million Box 1 and are designed for a two-year implementation period2. Because of the size and duration of grants, most implementation plans focus on achieving JSDF Governance Structures: Encouraging results at the community level, rather than at the Efficient and Transparent Implementation national level. All program activities focus on a • The World Bank Steering Committee reviews grant pro- very targeted development objective to alleviate the posals and proposes grants for funding approval by the effects of poverty in the short-term: affecting the Government of Japan. behavior of grant beneficiaries (re-entering the edu- • The Government of Japan has grant approval authority. cational system, applying more efficient farming • The World Bank will report annually to the government methods, entering the job market) or beneficiaries’ of Japan in the form of an Annual Report to examine the ability to access social and/or financial resources progress of grants financed by the JSDF and ensure the (health services, educational services, micro-credit overall objectives of the Fund and the grants that are programs). being supported in the field are being achieved. • The World Bank, Government of Japan and the Asian 2 Recently the Government of Japan agreed to extend Development Bank will conduct annual review meet- the grant implementation period to four years. ings to discuss the overall performance of both the JSDF and JFPR, key issues in implementation progress and future priorities of the two Funds. • World Bank Task Teams are required to submit bi-annu- al grant progress reports to the JSDF Steering Commit- tee. These progress reports will be made available to the Government of Japan and the public via the JSDF web site. Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 17 Implementation Mechanisms Annual Reporting The JSDF has established three possible execution The World Bank will report annually to the Gov- arrangements: ernment of Japan in the form of an Annual Report. (i) the typical arrangement is between the World This report will examine the progress of grants Bank and the recipient government; financed by the JSDF and ensure that the overall objectives of the Fund and the grants that are being (ii) a three-way arrangement between the World supported in the field are being achieved. Addi- Bank, government and an NGO; and tionally, semi-annual progress reports are required (iii) a legal arrangement between the Bank and the by all grants financed by the JSDF. These status recipient government together with an imple- reports are available via the JSDF web site and may mentation agreement (Project Agreement) be used as a point of discussion between the Gov- directly between the World Bank and an NGO. ernment of Japan and the World Bank. The majority of JSDF grants financed in fiscal 2001 Annual Review Meetings have employed the execution arrangement directly The World Bank, Government of Japan and the between the World Bank and the government. Asian Development Bank will conduct annual There are, however, a number of programs that review meetings to discuss the overall performance have directly involved NGOs in the grant execu- of the JSDF and the JFPR, key issues in implemen- tion. This facilitates the direct involvement of tation progress and future priorities of the fund. NGOs in the grant and creates a partnership in The first of these meetings was held on June 18, development between the NGO, the government 2001 in Tokyo and included a number of partners and the World Bank. and stakeholders involved in the management and implementation of the two Funds. Monitoring Mechanisms The JSDF has established a series of monitoring JSDF Web Site requirements to ensure grants are implemented effi- The JSDF has created a web site (http://www. ciently, effectively and transparently. Detailed pro- worldbank.org/rmc/jsdf) to provide relevant infor- curement plans must be developed and approved as mation on the purpose of the Fund and the ongo- a prerequisite to grant effectiveness. Annual audits ing progress of grants. The World Bank maintains must be performed by independent auditors and the web site to ensure information is provided to reviewed by the World Bank. the public responsively. 18 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report 6. Conclusion S ince the Japan Social Development Fund was ernment of Japan and the World Bank are commit- launched in June 2000, major progress has ted to continuing their work to improve the effi- been made to directly respond to the needs of ciency and the effectiveness of the JSDF. poor and vulnerable groups in developing Based on the results of the first year of opera- societies hardest hit by the 1997–1999 economic tion, prospects for fiscal 2002 are extremely posi- crises. In the first year of operations, the Govern- tive. ment of Japan approved 36 grants, amounting to • While most grants financed in 2001 were proj- $36 million, to support activities in the areas of ect-based, the number of capacity building women’s development, child protection, communi- grants has steadily increased. Fiscal 2002 should ty development, restoring health services and see a continuation of this trend, helping to improving the educational opportunities for disad- ensure beneficiaries have the necessary capacity vantaged groups. to continue the development process over the The JSDF Steering Committee, in collaboration long term. with the Government of Japan, has worked over the last year to ensure all grant proposals directly • As the use of innovative methods continue to respond to the principles of the Fund: direct relief show sustainable results in poverty alleviation, for the poor, community driven development, inno- more grants will apply these methods to their vative methods and capacity building. A number of implementation. The community-based nature grants submitted by World Bank teams were not of JSDF grants is conducive to utilizing new accepted because the proposals were not directly mechanisms to achieve rapid and measurable responsive to these criteria. For example, grant results in a short period of time while building proposals that aimed to develop the capacity of the capacity of formal and non-formal local central government institutions, did not compli- organizations to mobilize themselves and define ment existing World Bank operations or could not and manage their own development. show a direct and measurable benefit for the poor • Finally, the JSDF will continue to encourage were not accepted. more NGOs to participate in the design and/or The number of grants accepted by the JSDF and implementation of grants. The results of the first the innovative development methods being applied year have shown that a few NGOs—local and to poverty alleviation are extremely encouraging international—have been successful in meeting for both the prospects for sustainable development the eligibility requirements to qualify for grant and the nature of development work as a whole. recipient/executing agency status including a The grants are applying new approaches that are track record in the sector and/or country related expected to provide models for central govern- to the program and evidence of financial probity. ments and development institutions; demonstrating new and innovative ways to realize sustainable • Where local NGOs have been awarded grants, development. The JSDF will continue its efforts to given their understanding of the local environ- empower local communities with the tools, knowl- ment and presence, international NGOs have at edge and experience to lift themselves out of pover- times found it difficult to be involved in those ty. A great deal of work remains to increase the uti- grants. Work will continue to develop in-coun- lization of JSDF funds, improve the level of try capacities of NGOs, through the NGO Unit involvement of NGOs in the implementation of of the Social Development Department of the JSDF grants, and ensure communities are able to World Bank. effectively participate in the design, preparation and implementation of proposed grants. The Gov- Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 19 Annex 1: JSDF Grants Approved in Fiscal 2001 First Round Country/ Grant Name Amount in USD Grant type Grant objective Program P=Project C=Capacity building EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION China Improving Access to 400,000 P To improve access to effective basic health services Health Care by the for the rural poor of Qinba Mountains through Rural Poor increased community/NGO involvement, better quality and improved acceptability of services. Indonesia A Pilot Program to 2,304,800 P To pilot a two-year US$60,000 grants program in each Assist Squatter of 30 slum communities in Jakarta, Serang and Communities Cirebon to ameliorate living conditions of about 600,000 residents. Indonesia Widows and Poverty 2,197,040 P To provide community grants aimed at economic and in Indonesia social rehabilitation to groups of rural poor widows in 45 villages in each of four provinces (Central Java, Aceh, Southern Sulawesi, and West Timor). Mongolia Reintegrating Street 443,000 P To finance construction of public bath houses and Children in Civil Society community centers and rehabilitation of shelter facilities for Ulaanbaatar street children with an aim to improving their health and raising their school attendance and providing employment opportunities for older street children. Philippines Development Out of 1,000,000 P To enable drop outs to return to formal schools by School Children and providing (i) scholarship or sponsorship funds to out Youth Program of school youths at the primary and secondary levels; (ii) educational loans to mothers of drop outs or children at risk of dropping out of school; and (iii) grant funds to institutions to support alternative learning systems for school drop-outs. Philippines Special Zone On 1,500,000 P To pilot a grants program of livelihood skills training, Peace and capacity building and livelihood assistance to Development (SZOPAD) indigenous peoples and women’s groups comprising Social Fund the poorest of the SZOPAD areas in the Southern Philippines ravaged by a protracted civil war. Vietnam Northern Mountain 1,395,000 P To pilot commune programs among ethnic minority Poverty Reduction groups in the Northern Mountains aimed at capacity Project Pilot Commune building, promotion of food security and cash income Program generation, provision of household water supply, micro-irrigation, education and health and testing a community grants program. SOUTH ASIA REGION India Community 2,400,000 P To support a guarantee facility which would enable Infrastructure for the poor and low income communities to borrow for Poor-Guarantee Fund infrastructure investments. Grant to finance: (i) design and pricing of guarantee products; (ii) building risk mitigation capacity of potential borrowers and other stakeholders; and (iii) fees paid to a selected financial institution for extending partial guarantees. Pakistan Empowering Rural 536,923 P To pilot a two year program for reducing illiteracy Women in Punjab among 25,000 poor rural women aged 15-25, through Functional providing market skills training for income- Literacy, Skills and generation activities, and supporting NGOs & local Micro-credit organizations’ community based assistance programs. 20 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Country/ Grant Name Amount in USD Grant type Grant objective Program P=Project C=Capacity building EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA REGION Albania Strengthening Urban 191,500 P To develop the role of urban community Communities in associations in Tirana in planning and management Informal Settlement of community development programs by: (i) promoting youth and women’s participation in community action planning; (ii) implementing community actions plans for social infrastructure; and (iii) forming an urban community exchange network. Bulgaria Child Development 1,100,000 P To provide grants to poorest communities for creating and Disadvantaged or expanding pre-school programs for Roma children Communities to prepare them for school, enhance their Bulgarian language skills, provide basic health care and help defray the costs of primary school (simple food, school uniforms). LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN REGION Honduras At-Risk Children/Youth 679,500 P To test gender-based children and youth-at-risk and Gender programs for keeping poor children in school, addressing social problems of families of street children and supporting best practices in preventing the incidence of children on the streets through: (i) cash transfers to reduce child labor and increase their human capital and (ii) support for local level empowerment and prevention programs. Nicaragua Community 765,500 P To support the Community Development Innovation Development Fund established to finance development activities and Innovation Fund programs of poor communities and vulnerable groups by: (i) providing specialized training in leadership skills, project management and conflict resolution for representatives of civil society; (ii) strengthening partnerships with civil society; and (iii) financing small scale programs. Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 21 Annex 1: JSDF Grants Approved in Fiscal 2001, continued Second Round Country/ Grant Name Amount in USD Grant type Grant objective Program P=Project C=Capacity building EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION Cambodia Enhancing NGO 412,000 C To (i) reduce or at least maintain the rate of HIV infection among high Participation in risk groups through awareness building and (ii) reduce the suffering of HIV/AIDS the diseased and improve the quality of their lives through distribution Prevention & Care of home-based care kits to families of persons living with HIV/AIDS. Lao PDR Sustainable Rural 935,200 P To improve network of rural roads in poorest 200 villages by creating Mobility and village rural accessibility communities (VRACs) to engage in routine Participation road maintenance, including women and poorer villagers in VRACs and building capacity for maintenance of district level rural roads. Lao PDR Village Investment for 1,161,000 P To provide block grants to poor villages for implementing small-scale the Poor development programs, community training and increasing awareness of social capital development and of strong M&E systems. Mongolia Women’s Household 53,234 P To create an income-generating opportunity for poor, unemployed women Manufacturing and single mothers of Ulanbaatar by setting up two workshops to train them in the manufacture of woolen products for sale. Samoa Protection of Poor and 338,300 P To support communities and NGOs in delivery and provision of health Vulnerable Groups services for specific pilot health programs and to build capacity among During Health Reform volunteer women’s committees and NGOs in preventive health care and to train these groups in communications and project management. SOUTH ASIA REGION Sri Lanka Village Self-help 750,000 P To pilot participatory development in three villages of the non-Mahaweli Learning Initiatives region though capacity building, setting up village monitoring systems and funding basic human services programs. EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA REGION Moldova Reconciliation through 800,000 P To assist Romanian language schools in the separatist controlled areas General Secondary of Transdniestria in reconstruction and procurement of equipment, and Education in capacity building for the community and local government towards reconciliation and community empowerment. Tajikistan Social Protection 575,000 P To improve the health and nutrition of needy children and families by Reform providing training and grants to parent teacher associations in planning/ provision of school lunches and in developing programs for health check ups in schools and nutrition monitoring. AFRICA REGION Benin Child Protection Fund 758,000 P To pilot methods for preventing child labor migration and emigration and rehabilitation of current victims of child trafficking through sensitization, reeducation of women and families, creation of alternative income opportunities, and sustainable reintegration of trafficking children. REGIONAL PROGRAM East Asia ASEAN SchoolNet 2,000,000 C To pilot ASEAN SchoolNet in 5 countries as part of the World Bank’s Pilot WorLD program. WorLD equips underprivileged schools with hardware, software and provides teacher training/ support to bring school children into a global internet learning network. 22 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Third Round Country/ Grant Name Amount in USD Grant type Grant objective Program P=Project C=Capacity building EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION Cambodia Basic Education in 1,620,500 P To promote the access of children to basic education Reconciliation in two provinces that used to be under Khmer Rouge Areas control, replicate and strengthen capacity in leadership and decentralized educational management at the provincial level. China Empowering the 950,000 P To reach and empower a vulnerable group of women Poor Women in the who are poor, unemployed/ laid-off and migrants in Western Region Ganzu and Shaanxi provinces of western China with Knowledge through training for business development and and Opportunity employment and through grants for business start-ups. Philippines Improving Micro- 808,460 P To enhance access of micro-enterprises to finance Access microfinance facilities though establishment of a for Barangay and revolving loan fund for augmenting business capital, Town-based creating municipal-level and rural business assistance Microenterprise centers and pilot testing of two new credit delivery Development approaches. Philippines Upscaling Urban 1,964,500 P To demonstrate on-site community upgrading Poor Community arrangements in 5 slum project sites to serve as Renewal Scheme lessons in scaling up urban poor community renewal. AFRICA REGION Central Reinforcing CAR’s 630,000 P To finance activities in the fight against HIV/AIDS in African HIV/AIDS Strategy local communities by reinforcing a range of ongoing Republic in Communities interventions. Chad Small Cotton 837,780 C To ensure grassroots associations to become Farmers well-informed, well-organized, accountable, Association Grant corruption-free and sustainable organizations. LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN REGION Colombia Integration of 2,825,075 C To integrate a network of city-based partnerships Internal Refugees between government and NGOs for the provision of into Regular Social basic social services needed by the internally Safety net and displaced people during fiscal adjustment. Labor Markets EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA REGION Bulgaria Building Social 370,000 P To improve welfare among the poorest communities by Capital in Small implementing small pilot community-based and Disadvantaged community-designed programs. Communities Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report | 23 Annex 1: JSDF Grants Approved in Fiscal 2001, continued Fourth Round Country/ Grant Name Amount in USD Grant type Grant objective Program P=Project C=Capacity building EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION Indonesia Marginal Fishing 1,610,000 P Development and support of different participatory and Community Develop- development management pilots in very poor coastal ment Pilot fishing communities by (i) providing an open-menu, community managed block grants; (ii) TA to NGOs for technology and marketing support and coastal property rights study. SOUTH ASIA REGION India Capacity Building of 805,500 C Build capacity of NGOs to provide medium term NGOs in India for emergency and relief aid and to assist victims in Post-disaster Recovery regaining their homes, livelihoods and community through Community facilities by (i) forming partnerships with the Participation Government and international NGOs; (ii) devolution of funds to NGOs; (iii) setting up adequate controls; and (iv) community-based works programs. Sri Lanka Legal Aid Services to 282,000 C Provision of legal services to poor women by access Poor Women to legal representation and consultation, public education program, training of judges and court personnel in gender sensitivity and establishment of monitoring system. MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION Jordan Legal Aid for Poor 191,000 C Provision of legal services to poor women by access Women to legal representation and consultation, public education program, training of judges and court personnel in gender sensitivity and establishment of monitoring system. Yemen Promoting Gender 383,435 P Mitigation of barriers to development of women and Equity their participation, especially the poorest through socialization, promotion of a civil society based movement against gender violence and sensitization of state institutions about violence against women. 24 | Japan Social Development Fund 2001 Annual Report Resource Mobilization and Cofinancing Trust Fund Operations Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF) 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA Fax: (202) 477-7019 E-mail: jsdf@worldbank.org Web site: http://worldbank.org/rmc/jsdf