STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING FUND PILOT MONITORING DASHBOARD 2014 TRACKING RESULTS AND FUND-LEVEL IMPACT ACHIEVEMENT OF THE WORLD BANK’S TWIN GOALS I am pleased to share with you the SPF’s inaugural of ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity will Monitoring Dashboard—a pilot tool to better track Fund-level require significant progress on development outcomes in progress and results. The Dashboard was a recommendation fragile- and conflict-affected situations around the world. The of the SPF’s Mid-Term Review to address a gap in the Fund’s State- and Peace-Building Fund (SPF), established in 2008, ability to systematically capture results across its diverse and its predecessors, the Post-Conflict Fund (PCF) and Low- global portfolio. The print version of this Dashboard will Income Countries Under Stress Trust Fund (LICUS), have been be complemented by a web-based, interactive version to the Bank’s largest global multi-donor trust funds to respond facilitate real-time monitoring of portfolio data and results. to the challenges of fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV). I am also delighted to see that there is strong and rising Over the past two decades, these funds have worked demand for SPF resources from diverse FCV clients and Bank as pathfinders in some of the world’s most challenging teams. As we go to print, the SPF’s initial contributions of development contexts providing flexible support to countries US$222 million through fiscal year 2014 are nearly fully without access to other sources of Bank funding. They have committed so this is an ideal moment to reflect on the SPF’s pioneered frontier development approaches that have been performance and results thus far. brought to scale, promoted partnerships, and captured With World Bank Group and new IDA 17 commitments, and disseminated knowledge and learning. Many of the the Bank is increasingly integrating work on FCV into its recommendations of the 2011 World Development Report: core business. SPF brings to this commitment its flexibility Conflict, Security, and Development and much of the Bank’s and responsiveness to urgent needs so it remains a key current operational work in FCV settings have their roots in complement to the Bank’s overall surge in support. By pilot PCF, LICUS, and SPF grants. tracking results and learning from the SPF portfolio, we plan Unique to the SPF as an instrument in the hands to continue to evolve the Fund to meet new peace- and state- of World Bank teams is that it allows us to test new building challenges. approaches, to take risks, and to expand engagement with FCV clients in areas that may initially be beyond the reach of a traditional Bank operation. Lessons from the SPF portfolio are influencing the way the Bank does business. From laying Betty Bigombe the foundations for future engagement in Somalia and Senior Director, Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group Zimbabwe to piloting approaches that became mainstream Chair, State- and Peace-Building Fund Committee World Bank Group operations in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Papua New Guinea to responding to sub-national conflict challenges in East Asia and the Pacific to supporting host communities in Lebanon and Jordan affected by the Syrian refugee crisis, the impact of the SPF has reached far beyond the modest grant funding it provides. For more information on the work of State- and Peace-building Fund, please contact: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS The State- and Peace-building Fund (SPF) AfDB African Development Bank Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group AFR Africa Region BB Bank budget Washington, D.C. CAS Country Assistance Strategy CDD Community-driven development The World Bank CSO Civil society organization 1818 H Street, NW DFID Department for International Development (U.K.) Washington, D.C, 20433 USA DIME Development Impact Evaluation Initiative EAP East Asia and Pacific Region Nairobi ECA Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region Delta Center Menengai Road EU European Union Upper Hill FAO Food and Agriculture Organization PO Box 30577-00100 FCV Fragility, conflict, and violence Nairobi, Kenya GBV Gender-based violence HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Telephone: +1 202 458 2426 IADB Inter-American Development Bank IDP Internally displaced persons E-mail: spf@worldbank.org ICT Information and communication technologies Web address: IMF International Monetary Fund www.worldbank.org/fragilityandconflict IDA International Development Association IEG Independent Evaluation Group INGO International non-governmental organization ACKNOLWEDGMENTS KTF Korean Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions LAC Latin American and Caribbean Region The State- and Peace-Building Fund Pilot LICUS Low-Income Countries Under Stress Trust Fund Monitoring Dashboard was prepared by a MENA Middle East and North Africa Region core team that included David Andersson, MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund Holly Benner, Zainiddin Karaev, Matthias MICs Middle-income countries Mayr, Moira Ratchford, Milena Stefanova, MTR Mid-Term Review NGO Non-governmental organization and Puteri Watson. The Dashboard RKL Research, knowledge, and learning draws inspiration from the Afghanistan SA South Asia Region Reconstruction Trust Fund Scorecard SGBV Sexual and gender-based violence as an innovative approach for tracking SPF State- and Peace-Building Fund Fund-level progress. We also thank Roisin WDR World Development Report de Burca, Marcelo Fabre, Niels Harild, Joel Hellman, Markus Kostner, Dale Lautenbach, Nick Marwell, Reidun Otteroy Kyle Peters, Caroline Sergeant, Radhika Srinivasan and Yongmei Zhou for their guidance to the SPF Team. We wish to extend our gratitude to our SPF partners and donors and the SPF Committee for contributing their expertise, leadership, and time to the Fund and to ensuring high-quality SPF grant-making. Finally, and most importantly, we wish to extend our thanks to our SPF teams and to the institutions implementing SPF grants, for your commitment to advancing innovative state- and peace-building programming across the world. IV S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 ST AT E- AN D P EAC E- B U I L D I N G FU N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D ASH B O AR D CONTENTS 2014 PAGE 2 INTRODUCTION 1.1 About the SPF 1.2 The SPF’s Role 1.3 Types of Applications 1.4 SPF Secretariat and Governance Arrangements 1.5 Findings of the SPF Mid-Term Review 1.6 About the SPF Monitoring Dashboard 1.7 Structure of the Dashboard PAGE 8 PILLAR 1: Progress on SPF Fund-Level Results 2.1 Pillar Overview 2.2 Promoting FCV-Sensitive Strategies 2.3 Building Partnerships 2.4 Piloting New Approaches to Results and Risk 2.5 Rapid Response and Early Confidence Building 2.6 Catalytic Support for Institution Building 2.7 Capturing and Disseminating Knowledge PAGE 26 PILLAR 2: Tracking State-Building and Peace-Building Results 3.1 Pillar Overview 3.2 The SPF’s State-Building and Peace-Building Objectives 3.3 Contribution to State-Building Results 3.4 Contributions to Peace-Building Results 3.5 Regional Focus and Distribution of State-Building and Peace-Building Objectives PAGE 38 PILLAR 3: Financial and Portfolio Results 4.1 Pillar Overview 4.2 SPF Financial Status 4.3 SPF Projects—Processing and Implementation 4.4 SPF Project Ratings and Reporting S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 V I LLUSTR AT ION S AN D ANN EX FIGURES BOXES Figure 1: Share of SPF financing to countries with limited or no access to Box 1: Summary of SPF MTR findings and recommendations other sources of World Bank financing for FCV-related activities Box 2: SPF Fund-level results and sample performance indicators in US$ Box 3: Varied approaches to SPF financing across regions Figure 3: New grants by region (FY09-FY14) in US$ Box 4: List of strategic initiatives endorsed by the SPF Committee Figure 2: SPF Financing to World Bank regions (FY09-FY14) in US$ Box 5: Types of strategic support provided by the SPF – illustrative Figure 4: The SPF Results Framework examples Figure 5: SPF Fund-level results Box 6: Varied recipient agencies of SPF grants Figure 6: FCV contexts that SPF projects address per region in number of Box 7: List of SPF MDTF transfers grants Box 8: Illustrative examples—SPF support for select MDTFs Figure 7: Share of SPF grants that are part of strategic initiatives in Box 9: Innovative M&E in the SPF portfolio US$ Box 10: Closed projects continued or scaled up Figure 8: The share of new SPF grants as part of strategic initiatives over Box 11: Findings of the MTR on RKL time Box 12: The SPF’s RKL projects Figure 9: Types of SPF grant recipients in US$ millions Box 13: Definitions of state building and peace building Figure 10: SPF MDTF transfers compared to non-MDTF grants by fiscal Box 14: State-building and peace-building objectives and types of year activities Figure 11: Share of SPF projects that are pilot initiatives or testing new Box 15: SPF projects – sample state-building results approaches in US$ Box 16: SPF projects – sample peace-building results Figure 12: Emergency or rapid response SPF projects in US$ Box 17: State building and peace building in Africa Figure 13: SPF projects with institution or capacity building components in Box 18: State building and peace building in the Middle East and North US$ Africa Figure 14: SPF projects focusing exclusively on RKL objectives in US$ Box 19: State building and peace building in Latin America Figure 15: SPF projects with RKL components Box 20: State building and peace building in East Asia and the Figure 16: Mapping of project-level objectives to the SPF’s state- and Pacific peace-building results Box 21: State building and peace building in Eastern Europe and Central Figure 17: Mapping of project-level objectives to the SPF’s state- and Asia peace-building results Box 22: State building and peace building in South Asia Figure 18: Mapping of SPF projects to state-building results by fiscal year Box 23: MTR findings on project processing speed grant activated Box 24: Timelines for SPF project implementation Figure 19: Mapping of SPF portfolio to state-building results by number of Box 25: The World Bank Group rating system grants Figure 20: Mapping of SPF projects to peace-building results by fiscal year FEATURES grant activated Figure 21: Mapping of SPF portfolio to peace-building results by number of Feature 1: Somalia – SPF Strategic Initiative for Somalia Re-Engagement grants Feature 2: SPF Fund-Level Partnerships Figure 22: The relative distribution of project state-building objectives by Feature 3: The Evidence for Peace Initiative region, Africa and MENA Feature 4: SPF Support fo Respond to the Syrian Refugees Figure 23: The relative distribution of project peace-building objectives by Feature 5: Innovative Approaches to Institution Building region, Africa and MENA Feature 6: SPF-financed Asia Foundation study on sub-national conflict Figure 24: The relative distribution of project state-building objectives by region, LAC and EAP PHOTO CREDITS Figure 25: The relative distribution of project peace-building objectives by region, LAC and EAP Cover: UN Photo by Tobin Jones Figure 26: The relative distribution of project state-building objectives by p. iii: World Bank photo by Arne Hoel region, ECA and SA p. 6: UN Photo by Tobin Jones Figure 27: The relative distribution of project peace-building objectives by p. 11: UN Photo by Stuart Price region, ECA and SA p.17: UN Photo by Isaac Billy Figure 28: SPF contributions by donors FY09-FY14 (in US$ millions) p.18: World Bank photo by Holly Benner Figure 29: SPF contributions by donors FY09-FY14 (in %) p.19: UN Photo by Mark Garten Figure 30: New grants by region (FY09-FY14) in US$ p. 21: Beitbridge Emergency Water Supply and Sanitation Project Figure 31: FY14 grant making to countries with limited or no access to p. 23: Asia Foundation 2013 other Bank financing for FCV activities in US$ p. 25: World Bank photo by Dominic Chavez Figure 32: SPF project disbursements by fiscal year, in US$ p. 31: Alessandro Casagrande, Creative Commons 2009 Figure 33: Turnover of task team leaders p. 40: World Bank photo by Dominic Chavez Figure 34: SPF project processing and implementation timelines by region p. 44: World Bank photo by Jean-Martin Brault in days Figure 35: SPF project processing and implementation timelines by fiscal year in days Figure 36: SPF project ratings and reporting Figure 37: Overall status of SPF portfolio ratings VI S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 PERF ERF SCORE SCORE ANDAND HERE ERE FOLD FOLD HERE HERE STATE- STATE- AND AND PEACE-BUILDING PEACE-BUILDING FUND FUND STATE- STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING AND FUND PEACE-BUILDING FUND 222 222 RESULTS RESULTS NUMBERS ININ NUMBERS AND AND FIGURES FIGURES US$ fund value US$ fund value The The SPF SPF has has approved approved SPF OBJECTIVE: SPF OBJECTIVE: To address To address the needs the needs of state of state and local and local governance governance and and DURING DURING FY14, OVER FY14,88% OVER OF SPFOF 88% SPF FUNDS FUNDS WENT WENT TO COUNTRIES TO COUNTRIES WITH LIMITED WITH LIMITED OR NO ACCESS OR NO ACCESS TO OTHER TO OTHER BANK FINANCING BANK FINANCING peace-building peace-building in fragile and conflict-prone and conflict-prone in fragile and affected and affected situations situations Regional/Global Regional/Global US$327,000 program US$327,000 TF program TF 214 214 US$in US$ million grants million in grants 1% 1% FUND-LEVEL FUND-LEVEL RESULTS RESULTS IBRD—wouldn’t IBRD—wouldn’t Non-Member Non-Member borrow borrow for FCV for FCV US$2.3 million US$2.3 million 1.1 Promote 1.1 Promote FCV- FCV- 1.2 Foster 1.2 Foster1.3 Take Risks 1.3 Takeand Risks and1.4 Respond 1.4 Respond to to 1.5 Strengthen 1.5 Strengthen1.6 Capture and 1.6 Capture and activities, activities, 3% 3% ProjectsProjects in in Institutions Disseminate Disseminate 34 34 Sensitive Sensitive Strategies Strategies PartnershipsMonitor Partnerships Results Results Urgent Need Monitor Urgent Need Institutions million million US$30.2US$30.2 Knowledge Knowledge Other: pilot, Other: pilot, 42% 42% SPF financing SPF financing to countries to countries innovative, innovative, urgent urgent countries countries worldwide worldwide with limited/no with limited/no alternative alternative RESULTS RESULTS INDICATORS INDICATORS KEY: KEY: ON-TRACK ON-TRACK OFF-TRACK OFF-TRACKMONITOR MONITOR need grants, need grants, Bank funding Bank funding source,source, US$8.8 million US$8.8 million million million US$62.6US$62.6 12% 12% 94 94 88% 88% FUND-LEVEL RESULTS—ACHIEVEMENTS FUND-LEVEL RESULTS—ACHIEVEMENTS FUND-LEVEL FUND-LEVEL RESULTS—CHALLENGES RESULTS—CHALLENGES The SPFThe SPFdiverse serves and strategic serves diverse and strategic fragility, conflict, fragility, conflict, With a limited With a limited knowledge and learning and learning knowledge the budget,budget, the grants grants and violence needs across and violence needsregions. across regions. only SPF hasSPF financed has only financed limited limited or systematic analyticanalytic or systematic evaluation evaluation work on on frontier work frontier FCV themes FCV themes common to the to the common Arrears,Arrears, Over 74% of 74% Over grants grants of have have gone togone to countries countries with limited with limited or no to or no access access otherto other Bank Bank financing financing for FCV for FCV response. response. SPF portfolio. SPF portfolio. US$29.8US$29.8 million million 42% 42% Program management Program management Over 40% of 40% Over of projects projects are piloting are piloting new activities new activities and and The SPF’s Theprocessing and implementation SPF’s processing speeds speeds and implementation are are not well matched not with the well matched risks with and the dynamism risks of and dynamism of is budget budget is interventions. interventions. Strategic Strategic initiatives—packages transformative transformative make up make initiatives—packages peace- or an increasing peace- up an increasing of support of support state-building portion portion of the of the SPF behind a or state-building strategy— behind a strategy— SPF portfolio. portfolio. delivery in FCV contexts. delivery in FCV contexts. NEW GRANTS NEW GRANTS HAS BEEN THERE THERE BY REGION BY REGION HASABEEN A SURGE SURGE IN MILLION (FY09-FY14) (FY09-FY14) OF SPFOF IN MILLION GRANT-MAKING US$— US$— SPF GRANT-MAKING IN FY14 IN FY14 8.48.4 US$ million US$ million SPF are SPF grants grants are implemented implemented by a diverse by a diverse range range of partners of partners (governments, (governments, NGOs, international NGOs, international 120 120 organizations, organizations, academic academic institutions). institutions). 100 100 80 80 SPF FINANCING SPF FINANCING TO WORLD TO WORLD BANK REGIONS, BANK REGIONS, FY09-14 FY09-14 SPF CONTRIBUTIONS SPF CONTRIBUTIONS TO COUNTRY/REGIONAL-LEVEL TO COUNTRY/REGIONAL-LEVEL RESULTS RESULTS Latin America Latin America and the and the Middle East Middle and North East Africa and North Africa 60 60 CaribbeanCaribbean STATE-BUILDING STATE-BUILDING PEACE-BUILDING PEACE-BUILDING million million US$50.2US$50.2 US $21.9US $21.9 million million 23% 23% 10% 10% 40 40 2.1financial 2.1 Public Public financial management management Europe and Europe and South Asia South Asia 3.3cohesion 3.3 Social Social cohesion Central Central Asia Asia US$4.2 million US$4.2 million 2.4 State-society relations 2.4 State-society relations 3.1 Jobs & private 3.1 Jobs & private sector sector 20 20 2% 2% 28 28 39 39 million million US$15.8US$15.8 development development 7% 7% World World 25 25 0 0 US$7.1 million US$7.1 million 32 32 FY09 FY09 FY10 FY10 FY11 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY14 3% 3% 2.2 Justice 2.2 Justice 3.4 Gender 3.4 Gender East East Asia andAsia and Pacific Pacific million million US$19.3US$19.3 12 12 17 17 AFR AFREAP EAPECA ECALAC LAC MENA MENA SA SA 9% 9% 2.5 Service delivery 2.5 Service delivery 3.2 Peace 3.2and Peace and transition transition agreements agreements Since Since FY13, SPFFY13, grantSPF making grantto Africa to making and the Middle Africa and the Middle East increased has East sharply, including has increased large large sharply, including 2.3 Policy 2.3formulation Policy formulation 40 40 3.5 Resilience to external 3.5 Resilience stress stress to external investments investments in Somaliain and Somalia and to to to respond respond the Syrian Syriancrisis. refugee to the refugeeThe crisis. SPF’s in SPF’sThe portfolio East Asia portfolio in East Asia Africa Africa 6 6 and theLatin and the Pacific, America, Pacific, Latin America, and Europeandand Europe Central andAsia alsoAsia Central also continues continues to grow. to grow. US$101.8 US$101.8 million million 31 31 21 21 46% 46% SPF DISBURSEMENTS SPF DISBURSEMENTS FY9-14—DISBURSEMENTS FY9-14—DISBURSEMENTS HAVE STEADILY HAVE STEADILY Note: The Note: Thenumbers circled circled numbers above indicate above indicate the of the number number of SPF SPF grants that grants contribute to each objective. that contribute to each objective. project One SPF One project SPFcan can contribute contribute to multiple results. results. to multiple INCREASED INCREASED WITH PORTFOLIO WITH PORTFOLIO THE AGE.SPF AGE. THE 66% ISSPF 66% DISBURSED. ISDISBURSED. SPF PROJECT SPF PROJECT RATINGS: LEVEL LEVEL RATINGS: MAJORITY MAJORITY OF RATED OF RATED SPF SPF 50 50 PROJECTS PROJECTS ARE SATISFACTORY ARE SATISFACTORY OR MODERATELY OR MODERATELY SATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY STATE- STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS RESULTS STATE- STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS 45 45 SPF PROJECT SPF PROJECT CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO GAPS—SPF PROJECT GAPS—SPF PROJECT CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS 40 40 Satisfactory Satisfactory In FY14,In there FY14,has there beenhasa surge been ainsurge SPF projects in SPF projects that that 35 35 68% 68% promote public financial promote management, public financial including management, including The SPFThe portfolio SPF portfolio is limited is limited in direct direct support insupport to building to building of extractive of extractive industries industries (in eastern DRC, Sudan, DRC, Sudan, (in eastern institutional institutional capacity of the justice capacity of the sector sector well as well as justiceas 30 30 and Somalia); and Somalia); use community-driven use community-driven development development in advancing in advancing pilot Bank pilot Bank support support to public public financial tofinancial 25 25 and service and service delivery models models delivery to enhance to enhance social social management management of the security of the security sector. sector. cohesioncohesion and state-society relations and state-society relations (in southern (in southern 20 20 Thailand, Thailand, Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyz Republic, Sudan, and Sudan, and in supporting in supporting While the hasSPF SPFthe While innovative projects has innovative in the Philippines/ projects in the Philippines/ 15 15 communities communities in Lebanon in Lebanon and hosting and Jordan Syrian Syrian Jordan hosting Mindanao and Colombia Mindanao to support and Colombia peace processes to support peace processes refugees); refugees); and and youth engagement projects youth engagement projects and implementation, the portfolio and implementation, is limited overall overall the portfolio in is limited in 10 10 Moderately Moderately (ECA region). (ECA region). exploring Bank support exploring for the successful Bank support negotiation for the successful negotiation 5 5 Satisfactory Satisfactory and implementation of the socio-economic and implementation dimensions of the socio-economic of dimensions of 28% 28% FY14 has also FY14 seen has anseen increase also in justice-related an increase in justice-related peace and transition peace agreements. and transition agreements. 0 0 programming with SPF programming investments with in urban SPF investments inviolence urban violence 2009 2009 2010 2011 2010 2012 2011 2012 2013 2014 2013 2014 Moderately Moderately unsatisfactory unsatisfactory prevention in Central prevention America in Central and joband America creation job creation 4% 4% Projects under aunder Projects recently endorsed a recently multi-country endorsed multi-country and livelihood development and livelihood for conflict-affected development for conflict-affected strategic initiative strategic on gender-based initiative violence on gender-based will further violence will further populations (in eastern populations DRC, West (in eastern DRC,Bank West and Gaza, Bank and Gaza, enhance the SPF’s enhance thegender focus. focus. SPF’s gender Somalia, and Sudan). Somalia, and Sudan). S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE SPF to scale; and captures and disseminates knowledge. Funding from the SPF is available to all World Bank member countries as well as THE STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING FUND (SPF) is the World countries in arrears and non-member countries on a case-by-case Bank’s largest global, multi-donor trust fund (MDTF) to support basis. The Fund is active in 34 countries and also finances regional projects that contribute to prevention and recovery from conflict and global initiatives. and fragility. Established in 2008, and valued at US$222 million1, The SPF makes a unique contribution to the World Bank’s the Fund has two objectives: efforts to address FCV. Over 74 percent of the SPF’s funds have gone to countries with limited or no access to other sources of s To support measures to improve governance and World Bank financing. This includes countries in arrears, such as institutional performance in countries emerging Somalia and Zimbabwe; non-members, such as West Bank and from, or at risk of sliding into, crisis and arrears, and Gaza; countries whose IDA allocation averaged less than US$13 s To support the reconstruction and development of million between FY9 – FY13, such as Guinea-Bissau; International countries prone to, in, or emerging from conflict. Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) countries that would not borrow for FCV response, such as Lebanon for the Syrian THE SPF’S ROLE refugee crisis; and regional or global initiatives. The remaining 26 percent of SPF grants have responded to urgent needs or financed THE SPF PROVIDES FLEXIBLE FINANCING to advance the pilot state- and peace-building initiatives—for example, addressing World Bank’s work in conflict-affected and fragile states. It supports gender-based violence (GBV) in Côte d’Ivoire, improving access to countries with little or no access to other sources of Bank financ- justice in Liberia, or piloting social cohesion approaches through ing for activities related to fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV); community-driven development (CDD) in Kyrgyz Republic. pioneers frontier development approaches that have been brought FIGURE 1: SHARE OF SPF FINANCING TO COUNTRIES WITH LIMITED OR NO ACCESS TO OTHER SOURCES OF WORLD BANK FINANCING FOR FCV-RELATED ACTIVITIES IN US$ Non-member Re-engaging US$6 million US$10 million 3% 5% Arrears Other: pilot, SPF funding to countries US$53.6 million IBRD— innovative, urgent with limited/no access to 25% special FCV cases need grants, other Bank financing for US$52.6 million US$56.7 million FCV response, 24% 26% US$157.3 million 74% Regional/global program average IDA allocation < US$9.1 million US$13 million (FY9-12) 4% US$26.1 million 12% 1 All data in the SPF Dashboard are as of July 31, 2014 unless otherwise noted. 2 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 The SPF focuses on partnerships and works through a diverse With staff based in Washington D.C. and Nairobi, the SPF range of implementing agencies, including national and local Secretariat operates from within the FCVG and manages day-to-day introduction governments, national and international non-governmental orga- operations of the Fund. This includes support to task teams that are nizations (NGOs), universities and research institutions, and inter- preparing projects, processing grants, monitoring and evaluating national institutions, including the United Nations. The SPF seeks the SPF portfolio, and promoting knowledge exchange and learning. to foster greater coordination between development, security, and humanitarian actors, and to advance the New Deal for Engagement FINDINGS OF THE SPF MID-TERM REVIEW in Fragile States, a partnership framework between donors and leaders of FCV-affected countries. The SPF also coordinates with THE SPF CARRIED OUT A MID-TERM REVIEW (MTR) in 2012 other global funds focused on conflict response, including the with the objective of “assessing the degree to which the SPF has United Nations Peacebuilding Fund. achieved its original objectives and is ‘fit for purpose’ moving forward, given the new ways of working in fragile- and conflict- TYPES OF APPLICATIONS affected situations and the strategic direction given by the 2011 WDR: Conflict, Security, and Development.” (See Box 1 for MTR The SPF accepts two types of applications: recommended reforms.) A key recommendation of the MTR was the creation of a monitoring system or “Dashboard” for the SPF 1. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES—packages of assistance in portfolio based on the SPF Results Framework to track portfolio support of a transformative country, regional, or thematic performance and draw lessons from SPF interventions. strategy that tackles state- or peace-building challenges. Strategic initiatives were introduced in FY12 to increase ABOUT THE SPF MONITORING DASHBOARD the impact and catalytic value of the Fund and in response to the 2011 World Development Report (WDR): Conflict, THE SPF MONITORING DASHBOARD is designed to provide Security, and Development. critical cross-portfolio information on Fund-level progress to SPF 2. STAND-ALONE PROJECTS—the SPF continues to accept clients, donors, Secretariat, Committee, task teams, and other part- stand-alone project applications that fulfill at least one of ners and stakeholders. The objectives of the SPF Dashboard include the following criteria: the following: s Urgent need: the project responds to a need linked s provide the Secretariat with a user-friendly tool for monitoring to active conflict, violence, disaster, or other urgent portfolio performance and to systematically collect project- condition; level results and identify delays and bottlenecks; s Rare opportunity: the project takes advantage of a s encourage alignment of the SPF portfolio with the SPF Results rare window of opportunity created by a significant Framework, with a focus on achieving peace- and state- transformative moment; commitments by partners, building results; governments, or other counterparts; or other extraor- s generate SPF lessons and compile Fund-level results to report dinary developments in the country or region; or back to SPF stakeholders; s Highly innovative or experimental: the proj- s ensure that innovations and piloting from SPF project experi- ect represents a highly innovative or experimental ences are captured and shared across the portfolio and more approach that would create unique technical or broadly across the Bank and with clients and partners; and operational knowledge for working in FCV contexts. s pilot new ways to measure progress in FCV settings. The typical SPF grant is between US$2 and US$5 million—the The Dashboard uses the SPF Results Framework (see the fol- SPF was designed as a laboratory to experiment with relatively small lowing page) as a foundation for reporting Fund-level progress. grants to explore new development approaches to FCV challenges. This revamped framework was introduced as part of the SPF’s 2012 Engagement Strategy to guide the selection of both strategic initia- SPF SECRETARIAT AND GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS tives and stand-alone projects. All SPF proposals are now required to provide a rationale for how the proposed intervention contributes THE SPF COMMITTEE is the Fund’s governing body and is to SPF results. The framework was derived from the SPF’s founding responsible for all final grant approvals. It is composed of senior documents and Board Paper as well as findings from the 2011 WDR. representatives and FCV technical specialists from across the Bank and meets regularly to review projects and provide strategic guid- ance. The Committee Chair is also the Senior Director of the World Bank’s Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group (FCVG). S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 3 SPF GRANTS, 2008-2014 NUMBER OF GRANTS SHOWN IN BOXES RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1 KAZAKHSTAN GEORGIA 2 UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZ REPUBLIC ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN 1 NORTH KOREA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN 1 CHINA SOUTH KOREA LEBANON SYRIA JAPAN 4 IRAQ AFGHANISTAN WEST BANK IRAN & GAZA JORDAN 2 2 4 PAKISTAN NEPAL BHUTAN ISRAEL 2 SAUDI ARABIA BANGLADESH INDIA BURMA LAOS THAILAND 3 PHILIPPINES CAMBODIA 3 VIETNAM SRI LANKA FIGURE 2: NEW GRANTS BY REGION (FY09-FY14) IN MILLION US$ BRUNEI MALAYSIA SOLOMON 120 ISLANDS INDONESIA 4 INDONESIA PAPUA 100 NEW GUINEA 1 EAST TIMOR 80 60 AFR Since FY13, SPF grant making to Africa EAP and the Middle East has increased 40 ECA sharply, including large investments in Somalia and to respond to the Syrian LAC 20 refugee crisis. The SPF’s portfolio in MENA East Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, SA and Europe and Central Asia also 0 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 continues to grow. 4 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 FIGURE 3: SPF FINANCING TO WORLD BANK REGIONS (FY09-FY14) IN US$ The SPF has provided financing to all regions, with Africa (46 percent) and the Middle East and North Africa (23 percent) representing the largest shares Latin America and the Middle East and North Africa LUX. Caribbean US$50.2 million US$21.9 million 23% 10% Europe and South Asia CROATIA Central Asia US$4.2 million US$15.8 million 2% BOS. & HER. 7% World KOSOVO MONT. 2 US$7.1 MAC. East Asia and Pacific 3% ALB. US$19.3 million 9% Africa US$101.8 million TUNISIA 46% 1 MOROCCO ALGERIA LIBYA 1 EGYPT WESTERN SAHARA THE BAHAMAS MAURITANIA SUDAN CUBA MALI NIGER 5 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC JAMAICA HAITI SENEGAL CHAD ERITREA GUATEMALA BELIZE 2 2 THE GAMBIA BURKINA 1 HONDURAS GUINEA BISSAU FASO DJIBOUTI EL SALVADOR 1 GUINEA 2 BENIN NIGERIA NICARAGUA 5 1 SIERRA LEONE COTE GHANA 1 CENTRAL COSTA RICA D’IVOIRE TOGO SOUTH SUDAN ETHIOPIA AFRICAN REPUBLIC PANAMA VENEZUELA LIBERIA 4 1 1 1 GUYANA 3 CAMEROON UGANDA SOMALIA COLOMBIA SURINAME FRENCH GUIANA KENYA 11 3 GABON DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC REP. OF OF THE CONGO RWANDA ECUADOR THE CONGO BURUNDI 4 TANZANIA PERU COMOROS BRAZIL ANGOLA MALAWI ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR BOLIVIA ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA 2 BOTSWANA PARAGUAY CHILE SWAZILAND SOUTH AFRICA LESOTHO URUGUAY ARGENTINA S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 5 BOX 1: SUMMARY OF SPF MTR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The MTR found that the overall performance of the SPF portfolio was moderately satisfactory based on a review against both traditional Bank and introduction countries impacted by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) indicators. This rating draws on evidence from portfolio data as well as information gathered during qualitative consultations and MTR field visits. SPF VISION FOR ENGAGEMENT FOR 2013/2014 Support for the operationalization of WDR 2011 by financing strategic and catalytic interventions and leveraging internal and external partnerships to inform and improve development effectiveness in FCV settings. THE FIVE PRIORITY SPF REFORMS 1 2 3 4 5 ENSURE UTILIZE BOLSTER LEVERAGE TRANSFORM the SPF the Fund to pilot the SPF’s partnerships the governance prioritizes “how” the Bank knowledge and with other of the SPF to support of can operate learning agenda FCV-focused support a more transformative differently in to capture Funds to deliver strategic and approaches in FCV settings, lessons from improved results catalytic role FCV that impact with greater new approaches in FCV for the Fund the broader flexibility for and piloting Bank portfolio risk-taking and and ensuring and are directly rapid response that these are tied to state- applied more and peace- broadly to Bank building results operations in FCV 6 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 FIGURE 4: THE SPF RESULTS FRAMEWORK introduction SPF OBJECTIVE: To address the needs of state and local governance and peace-building in fragile and conflict-prone and affected situations FUND-LEVEL RESULTS 1.1 Transformative 1.2 Partnerships 1.3 New approaches 1.4 Timely support 1.5 Catalytic support 1.6 Contributes fragility-sensitive are to risk and results in provided for early provided for RKL for strategy supported strengthened FCV piloted confidence building institution building improved ops SPF CONTRIBUTIONS TO COUNTRY/REGIONAL-LEVEL RESULTS STATE-BUILDING PEACE-BUILDING 2.1 More effective, transparent 3.3 Recovery and (re-) integration and accountable collection, of conflict-affected populations management and use of public 2.4 Increase in demand-side 3.1 Increased employment governance, including an and increased social cohesion resources opportunities and private active role for civil society sector development that and improved state-society benefits at-risk populations 2.2 Increased access to justice, relations 3.4 Gender-sensitive approaches including capability, utilized in transforming accountability, inclusion in both institutions and managing formal and informal institutions stresses 2.5 Improved capacity to 3.2 Successfully negotiated delivery services to promote and implemented peace and 2.3 Improved capacity for policy confidence building transition agreements 3.5 Resilience built to manage formulation, “inclusive-enough” external stresses, including cross- pacts and strategic border violence, resource shocks, communication trafficking, and organized crime STRUCTURE OF THE DASHBOARD proposals, grant reporting and monitor- data in real time and track ongoing prog- THE DASHBOARD is organized around ing reports, independent evaluations, and ress of the Fund. The goal of a combined three pillars, the first two of which align partner reports, as well as interviews with annual publishing of the Dashboard and a with the SPF Results Framework and focus project teams. The Dashboard also draws companion online monitoring system is to on different areas of results and reporting. heavily from SPF Secretariat monitoring provide a systematic means of monitoring Taken together, these pillars provide a and data systems. portfolio performance, to allow for mid- comprehensive picture of the overall per- The Dashboard is designed to be user- course corrections, and to capture and formance of the Fund. friendly and accessible and will be pub- disseminate valuable lessons from SPF Data has been obtained from a number lished annually. The SPF Secretariat is also activities. of standard World Bank documentation exploring options for a web-based version and reporting systems, including project of the Dashboard that will offer access to PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 TRACKING FUND-LEVEL RESULTS TRACKING PROJECT CONTRIBUTIONS FINANCIAL TO STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS AND PORTFOLIO RESULTS Tracks the SPF portfolio against the six Fund-level results identified in the results Maps how individual project development Examines a series of common portfolio framework. These represent areas where objectives are contributing to peace- and indicators (disbursement rates, the SPF seeks to advance the World Bank state-building results. Pillar 2 provides processing speeds, project-level ratings) Group’s response to FCV challenges, an overview of the most common areas to assess the Fund’s performance. for example in promoting FCV-sensitive of SPF programming and provides some strategies, advancing partnerships, piloting illustrative examples of project-level new approaches to risk and results, and results. capturing and disseminating knowledge from pilot initiatives. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 7 PILLAR I — PILLAR II — PILLAR III — PILLAR 1 Tracking Fund- Tracking State- and Financial and PR O G R E S S O N S P F Level Results Peace-Building Results Portfolio Results FUN D -LEV E L R E SUL T S FIGURE 5: SPF FUND-LEVEL RESULTS FUND-LEVEL RESULTS 1.1 Promote FCV- 1.2 Foster 1.3 Take Risks and 1.4 Respond to 1.5 Strengthen 1.6 Capture and Sensitive Strategies Partnerships Monitor Results Urgent Need Institutions Disseminate Knowledge RESULTS INDICATORS KEY: ON-TRACK OFF-TRACK MONITOR PILLAR OVERVIEW s In response to the 2011 WDR, the SPF introduced strategic initiatives—packages of SPF support behind a transformative THE SPF WAS ESTABLISHED as the World Bank’s frontier global peace- or state-building strategy. Strategic initiatives make up trust fund to respond to state- and peace-building challenges and an increasing portion of the SPF portfolio. to advance the Bank’s work in countries affected by FCV. The s SPF grants are implemented by a broad range of partners Fund was designed to promote partnerships and harmonized (governments, NGOs, United Nations, academic institutions) donor approaches, provide timely and innovative project support and SPF projects cultivate partnerships to deliver activities in in response to urgent need, and support institution building to challenging FCV settings. increase state and societal resilience to conflict risk. The SPF is s Support for institution and capacity building features promi- designed to support high-priority state and peace-building activities nently in the SPF portfolio and is included as a component in that could not be financed by regular IDA and IBRD resources or that over 60 percent of SPF projects. represent pilot approaches with the potential to be brought to scale. s Over 47 percent of SPF projects have a research, knowledge, The SPF Results Framework, Fund-Level Results (Tier 1) measures and learning (RKL) component and the Secretariat has also progress of the Fund against these founding principles. Pillar 1 of promoted cross-portfolio learning as part of its RKL mandate. the Dashboard assesses the Fund’s contributions to these results. However, the SPF’s efforts to capture and disseminate lessons on cross-portfolio themes is limited by its lack of committed KEY FINDINGS INCLUDE: RKL budget—current analytic activities are financed from the s The SPF serves diverse and strategic FCV needs across regions, SPF’s Program Management budget. from addressing fragility and post-conflict challenges in Sub- s In 2014 the SPF launched Evidence for Peace (E4P) in coop- Saharan Africa and crises and political transitions in the Middle eration with internal (the World Bank’s Development Impact East and North Africa to responding to sub-national conflict in Evaluation (DIME) and external partners to promote evalua- East Asia and urban crime and violence in Latin America. The tions of state- and peace-building projects). However, with SPF works in 34 countries and also funds regional and global limited resources to commit to RKL activities, the SPF has initiatives. not yet been able to carry out systematic evaluation work on s Over 74 percent of total SPF grants have gone to countries themes common to the SPF portfolio or support project teams with limited or no access to other types of Bank financing, with supplemental monitoring and evaluation (M&E) funds. including countries in arrears, non-members, countries whose s The SPF’s average response and processing speeds are not in average IDA allocation was less than US$13 million between line with the Fund’s mandate to serve as a fast and flexible FY09–FY12, and IBRD countries that would not borrow for Fund for FCV respond due to a range of factors related to the FCV activities. Bank’s policies and procedures and the difficult, dynamic, and s SPF projects are adopting new approaches to FCV challenges, insecure operating environments in FCV settings. with over 40 percent of projects piloting new activities and interventions. 8 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 BOX 2: SPF FUND-LEVEL RESULTS AND SAMPLE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS pillar 1: promote fcv-sensitive strategies Fund level result PROMOTE s Number and diversity of FCV-sensitive World Bank strategy and programming support across a variety of country FCV-SENSITIVE contexts—including preventive, post-crisis, fragile, criminal, sub-national, and regional engagements. 1.1 STRATEGIES s Investment in strategic initiatives to promote impact of SPF financing on Bank country strategies and portfolios. Fund level result FOSTER s Degree of diversity in recipients of SPF grants: e.g., government, NGO, regional, and international organizations. PARTNERSHIPS s Percentage of projects that highlight partnership approaches in carrying out activities. 1.2 s Degree of Fund-level cooperation with international partners on the FCV agenda, including the g7+, the United Nations, regional institutions. Fund level result TAKE RISKS AND s Percentage of SPF projects that are “pilots” or test new approaches for FCV settings. MONITOR RESULTS s Percentage of projects that highlight new and innovative M&E mechanisms to better capture results. 1.3 Fund level result RESPOND TO s Average SPF project processing timelines. URGENT NEED s Perceptions of Bank teams on speed of SPF financing and the Fund’s ability to respond to urgent need. 1.4 Fund level result STRENGTHEN s Percentage of projects that focus on strengthening institutional capacity or legitimacy. INSTITUTIONS s Number of SPF activities that are continued or scaled up through funding from IDA or other Bank sources or external 1.5 financing. s Number of projects that leverage co-financing or are coordinated with other funding (e.g. UN Peacebuilding Fund). Fund level result CAPTURE AND s Percentage of project with learning components. DISSEMINATE s Number and impact of RKL activities that draw lessons from the SPF portfolio. 1.6 KNOWLEDGE s Cases where lessons from SPF pilot approaches are applied in future Bank engagements. s Number of opportunities provided for cross-portfolio learning, including workshops and exchanges. promote fcv-sensitive strategies PROMOTING FCV-SENSITIVE STRATEGIES in varied regional and country contexts worldwide. SPF grants pro- mote a mix of violence prevention activities and post-crisis recovery Responding to diverse FCV challenges efforts, and address sub-national conflict as well as urban crime and IN LINE WITH THE FINDINGS and recommendations of the 2011 violence in middle-income countries. Figure 6 shows the absolute WDR, SPF projects address multiple stresses and drivers of conflict distribution of FCV types targeted by SPF projects, per region. 40 FIGURE 6: FCV CONTEXTS THAT SPF PROJECTS 35 ADDRESS PER REGION 30 IN NUMBER OF GRANTS The SPF is flexible to address a 25 broad range of FCV challenges based on regional priorities 20 15 Cyclical fragility 10 Post-crisis 5 0 Sub-national conflict AFR EAP ECA LAC MENA SA WORLD Urban crime & violence S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 9 BOX 3: VARIED APPROACHES TO SPF FINANCING ACROSS REGIONS pillar 1: promote fcv-sensitive strategies THE AFRICA REGION has the largest number of SPF grants and operates in a variety of conflict-affected countries and fragile contexts: s In SOMALIA, an SPF strategic initiative represents the Bank’s country program—with early institution building, AFRICA knowledge generation, pilot job creation, and economic recovery grants to support a fragile post-conflict context. s An SPF project in CASAMANCE, SENEGAL, addresses a longstanding sub-national conflict through local peace-building initiatives and empowering rural communities to reduce conflict drivers. s In GUINEA, SPF support targeted fragile institutions—fostering government strategic capacity to implement public financial management and service delivery reforms. IN THE EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION, the majority of SPF grants focus on addressing drivers of sub-national conflict and fragility in middle-income countries: EAST ASIA & s Grants to PAPUA NEW GUINEA, SOUTHERN THAILAND, AND PHILIPPINES/MINDANAO respond to sub-national conflict by PACIFIC focusing on support to peace processes, increased participation and national-local dialogue, and building capacity of local institutions and civil society actors. s SPF projects in the SOLOMON ISLANDS, the only East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) country on the Bank’s FCV list, supports mining sector reform and job creation to improve the use of public resources and build citizen confidence. SPF SUPPORT IN THE EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA REGION focuses on youth inclusion, jobs, social cohesion, and CDD. EUROPE AND s The EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA (ECA) STRATEGIC INITIATIVE ON FRAGILITY AND CONFLICT addresses longstanding and CENTRAL ASIA emerging forms of sub-national and regional fragility, with an emphasis on common drivers of conflict and fragility in the region, including exclusion, joblessness, ethnic tensions, competition over natural resources, displacement, and state-society relations. s In TAJIKISTAN and KOSOVO, SPF financing is geared toward youth inclusion, violence prevention, and employment initiatives. SPF GRANTS IN THE LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN REGION mainly address issues that pertain to urban crime and violence and post-conflict reconstruction. s The CENTRAL AMERICA STRATEGIC INITIATIVE ON CITIZEN SECURITY is piloting multisectoral urban violence prevention LATIN AMERICA programming, building regional institutional response, and advancing knowledge capture and exchange in Honduras, & THE Guatemala, and El Salvador. CARIBBEAN s SPF grants in COLOMBIA have supported government efforts at land reform and the restitution of patrimonial assets for displaced persons. A recent SPF MDTF transfer will support peace process implementation through technical assistance and support to nascent institutions. s In HAITI, the only fragile state in the region, SPF grants help improve water supply and sanitation, which also contributes to job creation and promotes social stability and confidence in the state. IN RESPONSE TO CRISES AND TRANSITIONS ACROSS THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA in recent years, SPF financing has increased significantly, making the region the second-largest recipient of SPF financing after Africa. Most grants focus on service delivery, income generation, and livelihood development for conflict-affected, displaced, and marginalized populations. MIDDLE EAST & s SPF MDTF transfers to LEBANON and JORDAN provided urgently needed support to build host community resilience to NORTH AFRICA the influx of Syrian refugees. s SPF activities in LIBYA have focused on support for the transition process and provided flexible financing for analytical watching briefs and early technical assistance. s In IRAQ, SPF support has involved innovative CDD approaches to improve service delivery in Kurdish-dominated regions. s In WEST BANK AND GAZA, the SPF has supported water supply and sanitation development for marginalized populations as well as a project to pilot adventure tourism for livelihood development. THE SPF HAS LIMITED GRANTS TO THE SOUTH ASIA REGION, primarily due to the presence of other large-scale trust funds, notably the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund and the Pakistan Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Balochistan SOUTH ASIA s In NEPAL, the SPF’s Program to Promote the Demand for Good Governance supports a process of political transformation after 10 years of civil war. The SPF grant compliments the Bank’s “supply-side” state-building activities with efforts to strengthen citizen engagement and build civil society and social accountability mechanisms. 10 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 GRANTS AS A SHARE OF ENDORSED STRATEGIC INITIATIVES try programs with strong ownership by clients and Bank country teams. In line with the MTR recommendation, the SPF Committee pillar 1: promote fcv-sensitive strategies THE SPF MTR RECOMMENDED that the SPF continue to shift has endorsed seven strategic initiatives totaling US$71 million. The from funding discrete project interventions to enhanced support for share of new SPF grants that are part of strategic initiatives has “packages” of projects in countries or regions that are engaging risen sharply since their introduction in 2012 and today more than in, or committed to a transformative strategy to address fragility, 20 percent of all SPF grants are part of strategic initiatives. conflict, or violence. These strategic initiatives are built into coun- FIGURE 7: SHARE OF SPF GRANTS THAT ARE PART OF STRATEGIC FIGURE 8: THE SHARE OF NEW SPF GRANTS AS PART INITIATIVES IN US$ OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES OVER TIME Strategic initiatives still make up a small percentage of the SPF’s Grant making through strategic initiatives has risen sharply since overall portfolio their introduction in 2012 PART OF 100% STRATEGIC 100% INITIATIVE 97% 90% US$44.4 million 20% 80% 70% 60% 51% NOT PART OF 50% STRATEGIC 49% INITIATIVE 40% US$175.8 million 30% 80% 20% 10% 0% 3% 0% FY12 FY13 FY14 not part of SI part of SI FEATURE 1: SOMALIA—SPF STRATEGIC INITIATIVE FOR SOMALIA RE-ENGAGEMENT SINCE THE COLLAPSE of the state in 1991, Somalia has experienced protracted civil conflict, political fragmentation, and strong internal divisions. But after years of failed attempts to establish peace and undertake national reconciliation, the country has fembarked on a more promising—yet still precarious—transition process. Today, amid signs of political and economic revitalization, Somalia has established a sovereign federal government and passed a provisional constitution. It has also rallied the support of a broad coalition of regional and international partners who are committed to its security and development. As a country in arrears, Bank financing to Somalia is restricted. Because of its flexibility, the SPF is at the heart of the Bank’s emerging role in Somalia through its support to Strategy Initiative for Somalia Re-Engagement (SISR). One of the principal ambitions of the initiative is to finance the objectives of the Interim Strategy Note (ISN) for Somalia and to support implementation of the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States. SISR also builds on a series of earlier SPF projects operating in Somalia since 2008. This new interim strategy, the first of its kind since 2007, is the basis of the World Bank’s broader support to the new government in Mogadishu and project activities across the country. The SISR is providing support in several areas: analytical partnerships, governance, private sector development, information and communications technologies (ICT), public finance management (PFM), and resilient partnerships. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 11 BOX 4: LIST OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES ENDORSED BY THE SPF COMMITTEE pillar 1: promote fcv-sensitive strategies SPF COMMITTEE-ENDORSED STRATEGIC INITIATIVES # OF PROJECTS DATE ENDORSED AMOUNT, US$ 1) STRATEGIC INITIATIVE—SUPPORTING PEACE CONSOLIDATION IN EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO Piloting activities to inform the design of new IDA operations and the re- alignment of existing Bank projects; supporting ongoing policy dialogue 4 September, 2013 US$8.9 million and reform initiatives to promote peace and stability 2) SUPPORTING PEACE TRANSFORMATION IN COLOMBIA Strengthening capacity for peace building and planning for a post- peace agreement period by enhancing knowledge services and financ- 2 July, 2013 US$4 million ing rapid demonstration interventions at the municipal level 3) ECA STRATEGIC INITIATIVE ON FRAGILITY AND CONFLICT Promoting a conflict-sensitive approach to World Bank strategy and operations in the ECA Region to address underlying sources of fragility 4 June, 2012 US$5.9 million and violence 4) SUDAN: CONSOLIDATING PEACE AND SUPPORTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PARTICIPATIVE GOVERNANCE / GROWTH Supporting economic management and diversification; strengthening local governance and conflict management in areas emerging from 3 April, 2013 US$12.97 million conflict 5) STRATEGY INITIATIVE FOR SOMALIA RE-ENGAGEMENT Providing a solid foundation for the World Bank’s expanding re- 7 April, 2013 US$23.8 million engagement in Somalia and support for its transition process 6) ADDRESSING SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN FRAGILE AND CONFLICT SITUATIONS Contribute to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and provision of services to survivors; foster south-south knowledge sharing 6 November, 2013 US$10 million to strengthen client capacity to address SGBV in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Papua New Guinea, Georgia, and Afghanistan 7) TRANSFORMING CITIZEN SECURITY INSTITUTIONS IN CENTRAL AMERICA’S NORTHERN TRIANGLE Addresses rising urban violence in Central America, combining education, social services, job creation, youth outreach, and judicial 4 April, 2012 US$5 million activities in an integrated approach to promoting citizen security TOTAL VALUE OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES: US$70.57 MILLION 12 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 The role of SPF grants in country strategies Small SPF grants contribute in various ways to the Bank’s overall engagement with clients affected by FCV. This includes financing pilot initiatives that can be brought to scale, advancing the Bank’s efforts to address FCV challenges, co-financing grants, and providing crucial funding where no alternative financing is available. pillar 1: foster partnerships BOX 5: TYPES OF STRATEGIC SUPPORT PROVIDED BY THE SPF—ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES s The Strategic Initiative for SOMALIA Re-engagement builds on previous SPF grants to Somalia and is at the BANK ENGAGEMENT heart of the Bank’s efforts to support a fragile post-conflict recovery (see Feature 1). (NO OTHER s SPF support for ZIMBABWE is premised on its arrears to IBRD and IDA as well as its FCV status. A local PROGRAMMING) governance and service delivery project—the Beitbridge water supply and sanitation project—is one of a handful of trust-funded projects that tests support through national and local institutions. s In TUNISIA, the SPF is piloting participatory approaches in social service delivery and job creation, as well as PILOTING AND providing a basis for input to the post-revolution Bank partnership strategy for Tunisia. LEARNING FOR s The DRC Community Recovery and Resilience project contributes to stabilization efforts in eastern DRC and POSSIBLE SCALING-UP supports the objectives of the country assistance strategy to improve urgent social service delivery and address the development deficits contributing to fragility and conflict in the east. It also supports quick experimentation with small projects that, if successful, could be scaled up with IDA funds. s In KOSOVO, an SPF grant for social inclusion and local development is improving the quality and availability of basic community infrastructure and supporting small and micro-enterprise development. The grant enhances ADVANCING THE BANK’S Bank resources for working in Kosovo by complementing the IDA funding available for the country. WORK ON FCV ISSUES s In CÔTE D’IVOIRE, the SPF supports young entrepreneurs and urban job creation in response to a rise in youth unemployment. The grant identifies new approaches to employment generation and is therefore able to pre-position the Bank’s promotion of sustainable job creation, entrepreneurship and skills-building over the long-term. s SPF-financed economic governance support in GUINEA-BISSAU is complementing European Union (EU) and Portuguese assistance aimed at boosting the capacity of the Finance Control Directorate through the acquisition of equipment and funding of training for its staff. COMPLIMENTARY s SPF support for the SOLOMON ISLANDS Rapid Employment project has helped the government boost job CO-FINANCING creation and facilitate community reconciliation. Co-financing is provided by the Bank-administered Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility, and coordinated with the development agencies of Australia and New Zealand, the Asian Development Bank and the EU, all of which have interests in, and activities closely linked to this project. foster partnerships BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS A focus on varied and complimentary partnerships As a trust fund with flexible procedures and financing arrange- BUILDING STRONG PARTNERSHIPS lies at the core of the ments, including the ability to use the United Nations Fiduciary SPF’s mandate. Partnerships are fundamental to ensure coherence Principles Accord, the SPF is able to engage with a variety of part- of international community interventions in FCV settings, avoid ners and grant recipients, including government, NGOs, universities fragmentation and burden on clients, and focus on comparative and think tanks, and regional and international institutions. In advantages at the project and Fund levels. exceptional circumstances, due to severe capacity constraints and conflict, the Bank is also able to execute activities on behalf of recipients. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 13 FIGURE 9: TYPES OF SPF GRANT RECIPIENTS IN $US MILLIONS SPF grants are implemented by a broad range of institutions and partners Academia BE US$4.8 million, 2% pillar 1: foster partnerships US$1.8 million, 1% UN US$11.5 million, 5% BE on behalf US$20.2 million, 9% NGO US$36.8 million, 17% Government MDTF Transfer US$92.3 million, 42% US$39 million, 18% INGO US$14 million, 6% BOX 6: VARIED RECIPIENT AGENCIES OF SPF GRANTS DROUGHT MANAGEMENT AND LIVELIHOOD PROJECT s Working with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on the basis of the Fiduciary Principles Accord, UNITED NATIONS the SPF was able to channel urgently needed funds to Somalia to respond to a 2011 drought that led to food AGENCIES insecurity, acute malnutrition, and displacement. s Joint financing from the SPF and Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Response was channeled quickly to the FAO, which was one of the only implementation agencies on the ground with sufficient reach in south- central Somalia, the region facing the most acute impacts of the famine. ZIMBABWE AGRICULTURAL INPUT PROJECT BILATERAL DONOR s This project was financed by the SPF and implemented in partnership with the U.K. Department for International PARTNERS Development (DFID) in close coordination with other donors and development agencies. s The project supported the shift from a humanitarian to a “humanitarian plus development” approach, and involved extensive coordination with the FAO’s Emergency Coordination Unit in Harare. INTERNATIONAL GUINEA-BISSAU ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE SUPPORT PROJECT s Project implementation involved extensive coordination with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), African FINANCIAL AND Development Bank (AfDB), and the EU. Reforms supported by the project were instrumental to successfully DEVELOPMENT meeting conditions leading to debt relief in 2010. AGENCIES s The AfDB’s budget support operations to Guinea-Bissau were based on achievements facilitated by the project, which had strong synergies with EU-supported public administration reforms. ABRAHAM’S PATH: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACROSS FRAGILE COMMUNITIES (WEST BANK) s The SPF provided funding to Abraham’s Path Initiative (API), an international NGO, which partnered with Masar NATIONAL NGOs Ibrahim Al Khalil, a national NGO based in the West Bank to develop Abraham’s Path as a long-distance cultural walking route through the West Bank. This community-based tourism project promotes the path as a catalyst for socioeconomic development and social cohesion across the communities. DRC: ADDRESSING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN SOUTH KIVU s The project is based on a strategic partnership with the International Rescue Committee (IRC), which has a competence in addressing GBV in emergency and post-conflict settings. INTERNATIONAL NGOs s Following IRC’s considerable success in implementing a partnership approach to service delivery since 2002 in South Kivu, case management services are provided in approximately 40 sites across the province through partnerships with four local psychosocial agencies. 14 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 Leveraging partnership through Multi-Donor Trust Fund transfers seed funding to support Bank-administered MDTFs in fragile and Multi-donor trust funds (MDTFs) are efficient financing mecha- conflict-affected countries to “ensure the rapid implementation of nisms to harmonize donor funds, pool risk, and reduce the admin- critical activities and to mobilize additional donor resources.” (SPF istrative burden on host governments in FCV situations. The World Board Paper) pillar 1: foster partnerships Bank is increasingly asked to administer MDTFs in situations of To date the SPF Committee has approved seven transfers to emerging crisis or post-crisis response. In recognition of the impor- MDTFs in three regions and five countries, totaling nearly US$40 tant role of MDTFs in the Bank’s response to such situations, the million, or 18 percent of the SPF’s overall grant making. SPF’s founding Board Paper gives the Fund the flexibility to transfer BOX 7: LIST OF SPF MDTF TRANSFERS COUNTRY MDTF NAME MDTF OBJECTIVE AMOUNT DATE TRANSFERRED Colombia Peace Post-conflict COLOMBIA and Post-Conflict reconstruction and peace US$4 million 8/25/2014 Fund consolidation Haiti Post-crisis HAITI Reconstruction reconstruction US$2 million 8/10/2011 Fund Jordan Syrian Syrian refugee crisis JORDAN response US$10 million 10/20/2013 Crisis MDTF Lebanon Syrian Syrian refugee crisis LEBANON response US$10 million 5/5/2014 Crisis MDTF Private sector SOMALIA Som-PREP (1) development US$2.2 million 8/10/2011 Private sector SOMALIA Som-PREP (2) development US$2.8 million 3/11/2014 Post-conflict Somalia Multi- SOMALIA reconstruction and US$8 million 8/13/2014 Partner Fund development 17.7% OF OVERALL TOTAL US$39 MILLION SPF FUNDS FIGURE 10: SPF MDTF TRANSFERS COMPARED TO NON-MDTF GRANTS BY FISCAL YEAR In FY14, MDTF transfers have increased, accompanying an overall surge in SPF grant making, in particular for support to Somalia and to Lebanon and Jordan for the Syrian refugee crisis 30 28 25 20 19 17 15 10 9 7 8 5 5 2 0 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 MDTF Transfers by FY non-MDTF Grants by FY S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 15 BOX 8: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES—SPF SUPPORT FOR SELECT MDTFS The SPF has contributed a US$2 million grant to the Haiti Reconstruction Fund (HRF) to support the government’s post-earthquake reconstruction efforts. Through the HRF, the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), the UN, and HAITI the Bank, together with bilateral donors and partners, are financing high-priority projects and programs. Drawing on pillar 1: foster partnerships the comparative advantage of its partners, the HRF is able to reduce transaction costs, avoid duplication of effort, and help meet government-identified financing needs in the reconstruction process. The SPF’s MDTF transfer to Jordan is helping Jordanian municipalities and host communities to address service JORDAN delivery impacts of Syrian refugee flows and support local economic development. The World Bank set up the MDTF, which pools both donor and Bank grant financing, with due regard to linkages between humanitarian and development efforts. In Somalia, the Somalia Private Sector Development Re-Engagement Program is structured as an MDTF supported by SOMALIA – the SPF, DANIDA, and DFID. The program seeks to spur private sector-led growth and job creation through value chain SOM-PREP I AND II development, investment climate reform, PPPs to build key infrastructure services, financial sector reform, and a matching grant fund to assist the private sector in productive, infrastructure services that drive job creation. The following are early lessons from SPF transfers to MDTF as s MDTFs have been used to channel SPF funds to specific a mechanism to promote partnerships with clients and harmonized projects: The contributions to Haiti, Colombia, Lebanon, and donor approaches: Jordan (a total of US$26 million) were preferred for specific s MDTF transfers have been catalytic in raising other projects through MDTFs. This allowed the SPF contribution donor funds: US$22.2 million of MDTF transfers (Jordan, to be harmonized with other donor funds supporting priority Lebanon, and SOM-PREP I) were cited as “catalytic” in activities. In these cases, the funds were intended for specific leveraging other donors funds and allowing for early project projects while the MDTFs served as the most efficient financ- interventions through an MDTF that could be brought to scale. ing channel. s MDTF transfers have given the Bank a “seat at the s MDTFs to SOM-PREP allowed for early engagement in table” in countries with limited or no access to other private sector development: SOM-PREP II allowed the sources of Bank financing: All of the SPF’s MDTF transfers private sector development program to finance urgent needs have gone to countries with limited or no access to other in Somaliland. The two SOMP-PREP projects are considered sources of Bank financing for the proposed activities (e.g., highly successful examples of private sector development in countries in arrears, IBRD countries that would not borrow for FCV and critical in providing the entry point for a national crisis response or peace process support activities). program of private sector development across the country. FEATURE 2: SPF FUND-LEVEL PARTNERSHIPS In FY13, the SPF launched a dialogue series with other global FCV-focused funds, namely the UN Peacebuilding Fund, AfDB Fragile States Facility, the EU Instrument for Stability, and the United Nations Development Programme’s Thematic Trust Fund on FCV. The series was created to promote joint assessment, joint monitoring, joint programmatic financing, and joint support for New Deal implementation. These regular exchanges contribute to improving the coherence and impact of each Fund’s activities and the teams have started exploring opportunities for joint work in countries of common interest such as Yemen, Liberia, Somalia, and South Sudan. 16 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 take risks and monitor results pillar 1: take risks and monitor results PILOTING NEW APPROACHES TO RESULTS AND RISK FIGURE 11: SHARE OF SPF PROJECTS THAT ARE PILOT INITIATIVES OR TESTING NEW APPROACHES IN US$ SPF GRANT MAKING is geared toward piloting new and innova- More than 40 percent of SPF grants are framed as pilot approaches tive ways of working in FCV settings, with greater flexibility for risk N/A taking and achieving results. As a “frontier” fund for FCV response, US$13.8 million many SPF teams are exploring new areas of Bank programming 6% through the SPF’s small and flexible grants. No pilot projects US$116.3 million 53% Pilot projects US$90.2 million 41% To capture lessons from pilot approaches, SPF task teams are increasingly building innovative M&E components and M&E activities into their projects. Other SPF grants focus directly on new approaches to measuring progress in FCV settings (see Box 9). BOX 9: INNOVATIVE M&E IN THE SPF PORTFOLIO An SPF project in the Philippines has developed a violence conflict monitoring system designed to increase the VIOLENCE MONITORING peace-building capacity of the Office of the Presidential advisor on the peace process. The program has enabled the IN THE PHILIPPINES production of real-time analysis of conflict incidence as well as aggregates of levels and impacts of violence, and the exploration of trends. The approach has proved useful to stakeholders in the peace process and has helped improve the M&E capacity of national and regional governments. Data produced by the SPF-supported Afrobarometer project provides feedback on public perceptions and priorities AFROBAROMETER and the quality of government performance across Africa. Its findings have the potential to improve policy making by GOVERNANCE SURVEYS local and national governments, yielding policies that are more responsive to citizen needs and demands. External evaluations of the project have described Afrobarometer’s work as “the gold standard” for public attitude research on the continent. In collaboration with the IRC, the Johns Hopkins University implemented a rigorous impact evaluation of a mental IMPACT EVALUATION health approach called Cognitive Processing Therapy used in an SPF grant on GBV in DRC to identify cost-effective, OF MENTAL HEALTH scalable interventions that improve the psychological, social, and economic well-being of survivors of sexual APPROACHES TO GBV violence. The findings of the impact evaluation have informed the design of a large-scale IDA-funded regional project that addresses SGBV in Rwanda, DRC, and Burundi. A collaboration between the SPF and the Social Development Unit in ECA led to the development of a regional M&E framework for youth engagement. It outlines individual as well as common indicators of success for six youth YOUTH DEVELOPMENT development projects implemented across the ECA region between 2007 and 2012. The framework is a strong IN THE ECA REGION metric to measure performance and generate data to illustrate the effectiveness of particular project designs and strategies. The framework has helped highlight important gaps in current project design and serves as a tool to inform future youth program design in FCV. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 17 FEATURE 3: THE EVIDENCE FOR PEACE INITIATIVE (E4P) pillar 1: respond to urgent need IN 2013 THE SPF, in partnership with the Bank’s Development Impact Evaluation (DIME), International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3IE), and Innovations for Poverty Action launched an effort to improve and promote tailored and high-quality impact evaluations for state- and peace-building projects. The objective of the initiative is to improve development outcomes in FCV through the use of impact evaluation for evidence-based policymaking. The project will (i) support the design and management of a series of FCV-specific impact evaluations to improve the effectiveness of World Bank and partner FCV operations; (ii) create a community of practice on impact evaluation in FCV; (iii) generate knowledge products to be used by the Bank and its clients on how to carry out impact evaluations in FCV environments; and (iv) promote greater use of impact evaluation for evidence-based policymaking in FCV settings. A launch workshop in March 2014 brought together researchers and evaluators with World Bank teams and client counterparts to design evaluations for FCV initiatives on four initial themes: GBV; urban crime and violence prevention; job creation for resilience; and public sector governance and state-building. SPF project teams from Papua New Guinea, Liberia, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Côte d’Ivoire participated. Dfid and the Bank’s Latin America region citizen security team also co-convened the session In the first phase of the initiative, the team will also develop a Gap Map to assess the current state of evidence on state- and peace-building interventions to target future evaluation investments to countries impacted by FCV. respond to urgent need RAPID RESPONSE AND EARLY CONFIDENCE BUILDING The MTR found that the SPF’s project processing is relatively efficient, but factors related to the wider project development pro- THE SPF SUPPORTS ACTIVITIES in a wide range of fragile cess often cause bottlenecks and delays and can hurt the Bank’s contexts, including crises situations where speed, simplicity, and ability to respond rapidly to urgent situations. On average, SPF flexibility are important attributes of effective financing. SPF grants projects take 10 months to move from approval of funding to early designated “rapid response,” however, make up a relatively small implementation (i.e., from SPF Committee approval to first disburse- portion of the Fund’s overall portfolio. ment of funds). Many delays occur in project preparation and early FIGURE 12: EMERGENCY OR RAPID RESPONSE SPF PROJECTS implementation and are related to internal Bank processing, though IN US$ the MTR also noted that there are often cases where task teams Projects designated “urgent need” or “rapid response” make up a reported no problems navigating internal processing. relatively small portion of the SPF’s grants at 29 percent External factors also play a role (weak implementing partner and government capacity, volatile political and security conditions), as Regular does the quality of project design and the experience levels of task US$157.3 million team leadership. SPF teams point to several issues related to the 71% timeliness of SPF grant making: s confusion about overall procedures for trust fund processing and differences in processing steps across regions; s lack of experience of safeguard, legal, procurement, and finan- Emergency/Rapid Response cial management staff in tailoring reviews to FCV contexts; US$63 million 29% 18 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 s proliferation of regional review requirements that have added Despite the challenges, some SPF teams have been successful in extra layers to processing; and pushing forward urgently needed projects (see Feature 4), often with s turnover of task team leaders. high-level political commitment as well as experienced task teams Also, like many trust-funded projects, SPF task teams often lack and implementing partners in place. The SPF’s ability to transfer to pillar 1: strengthen institutions sufficient Bank budget resources for project preparation and super- MDTFs has allowed for quick response to emergency needs. vision for low-capacity and highly volatile FCV environments. (See Dashboard Pillar 3 for more details.) FEATURE 4: SPF SUPPORT TO RESPOND TO THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS THE SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS is the worst humanitarian catastrophe in recent memory and has had social, economic, political and security impacts across the region. In Jordan, more than 70 percent of refu- gees currently live with Jordanian hosts putting tremendous pressure on individual households and on communities. In Lebanon, the arrival of an estimated 1.2 million refugees—over 25 percent of Lebanon’s population—has further challenged an already delicate societal and inter-communal balance. In Jordan, the SPF, together with the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Canada, funded a program to help host communities deal with urgent service delivery needs and support local economic development. In Lebanon, the SPF approved a US$10 million contribution to the Lebanon Syrian Conflict Trust Fund (LSCTF) to help address basic service delivery needs and enhance social cohesion in towns most affected by the influx of refugees. An early SPF transfer to the LSCTF leveraged additional contributions from bilateral donors to the trust fund. Lessons from early SPF pilot interventions are now informing the design of larger follow on investments to address development impacts of the crisis on host communities as a complement to humanitarian response. strengthened institutions strengthen institutions CATALYTIC SUPPORT FOR INSTITUTION BUILDING THE SPF IS UNIQUELY POSITIONED to serve as a catalytic resource for state-building approaches that over the long-term promote resilient institutions that are able to manage the internal and external stresses that can increase the risk of conflict and violence. Capacity building and institutional reform are common features in SPF project proposals, with 65 percent of all SPF projects containing an institution or capacity building component. FIGURE 13: SPF PROJECTS WITH INSTITUTION OR CAPACITY BUILDING COMPONENTS IN US$ The majority of SPF projects contain an institution building or capacity building component No institution or capacity building component US$69.7 million 32% Institution or capacity building component US$144.4 million N/A 65% US$6.2 million 3% S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 19 FEATURE 5: INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO INSTITUTION BUILDING pillar 1: strengthen institutions BEITBRIDGE EMERGENCY WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT, ZIMBABWE: Since suspension of its lending program in 2000, the Bank’s role in Zimbabwe has been limited to technical assistance and analytical work. At the peak of the crisis in 2008-09, the Beitbridge Emergency Water Supply and Sanitation Project was developed. This allowed the Bank team to engage programmatically in Zimbabwe despite its arrears status. The grant of just over US$2.6 million was designed in response to a high-profile cholera outbreak (in the border town of Beitbridge, near South Africa) caused by deterioration in the water and sanitation services that, if not addressed, could have resulted in dissatisfaction with local services and migration across the border into South Africa. The project contributed to the development of capacity both within the Beitbridge Local Council and within the Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA) which were jointly responsible for implementation. The project piloted a unique implementation arrangement—having the Beitbridge Local Council serve in a lead role because of connections to the local community, with ZINWA providing the technical interface. This project had a high level of risk in that it channeled funds through otherwise untested and highly politicized local government systems but also innovative in that it worked through municipal government and national service providers to implement the project. The project was successful not only in addressing issues related to local-level water supply issues but also allowed the World Bank team to explore an alternative means to strengthening government systems. Piloting support through national and local-level systems is now the cornerstone of the new Zimbabwe Reconstruction Fund (ZIMREF), a multi-donor fund newly established by the World Bank that will support the international community in moving beyond humanitarian aid to engaging with country systems in a way that is sustainable and efficient. 20 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 Small SPF grants are designed to pilot approaches and build capacity that can be brought to scale. Approximately 35 percent of the SPF pillar 1: capture and disseminate knowledge portfolio (35 percent of grants and 25 percent of portfolio value) is made up of legally closed projects. Box 10 outlines some examples of projects that have led to follow-on investments by governments or clients, the Bank, and other international partners. BOX 10: CLOSED PROJECTS CONTINUED OR SCALED UP The Georgia IDP Community Development Project improved project management capacity within the Ministry of Refugees and Accommodation and set a precedent for the existence of a project implementing unit with a proven Georgia IDP ability to implement a range of activities in supp ort of internally displaced people (IDPs). The community-driven Community approach adopted by this project has also allowed for demand-driven identification of investment needs, which enables local priorities not otherwise noticed at the central level to be met. In addition, the project facilitated Development Project community mobilization in poor, marginalized IDP settlements, which in turn are likely to be replicated in a greater number of target communities elsewhere. Discussions between the Ministry of Refugees and Accommodation and the World Bank have taken place over possible trust fund and investment lending resources for future IDP projects. Piloting Community The Piloting Community Approaches in Conflict Situations in Three Southernmost Provinces in Thailand Project Approaches in developed effective community approaches to local development. It encouraged closer cooperation among Conflict Situations in communities and between communities and the state, and has brought the potential for mainstreaming. While the Three Southernmost project has already been expanded through an additional SPF grant, the government is expected to match funding for Provinces in Thailand project activities at the local and sub-district level and has expressed interest in continuing the project. Project This project in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville initially sought to rebuild social capital in the aftermath of a long civil war related to the extractive industries on the island. The project established a system to channel funds Inclusive Development directly to village groups for development projects selected by the community. The project used the traditional in Bougainville (PNG) matrilineal social structure by channeling funds to women’s groups. After successfully completing its first round of grant making, the government is now using the structures put in place by the project to channel its own resources to village-level development. The geographic coverage of the project and the number of grants funded will in this way be increased substantially. capture and disseminate knowledge CAPTURING AND DISSEMINATING KNOWLEDGE THE SPF IS DESIGNED as a laboratory for the Bank to test new and innovative ways of working in countries affected by conflict and fragility. The objective of the SPF knowledge and learning (RKL) strategy is to generate and disseminate operationally relevant lessons that respond to client demand and improve the World Bank’s performance in FCV. The RKL agenda focuses on knowledge capture and exchange as well as providing small grants for learning activities related to the SPF’s portfolio. The Secretariat also encourages the design of RKL components of strategic initiatives and stand-alone projects. BOX 11: FINDINGS OF THE MTR ON RKL The MTR of the SPF highlighted the need for increased investments in knowledge and learning, assessment, and strategy development efforts, as well as M&E to improve the impacts of projects and capture lessons from the portfolio. The MTR found that some progress has been made on promoting RKL, particularly as part of SPF project design, but a comprehensive strategy is needed for RKL aligned with the broader Bank RKL efforts to advance learning on FCV response. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 21 The SPF is a recipient-executed trust fund. The Secretariat has a mandate to promote knowledge capture and dissemination, but with limited pillar 1: capture and disseminate knowledge financing (US$8.4 million set aside for program management costs for the SPF to include both Secretariat/administration and knowledge and learning/M&E functions). Because RKL activities are often Bank-executed, few SPF projects have a project development objective that directly targets knowledge capture and exchange. FIGURE 14: SPF PROJECTS FOCUSING EXCLUSIVELY ON RKL OBJECTIVES IN US$ A small percentage of SPF grants focus exclusively on learning activities Non RKL grants US$214.9 million 98% RKL grants US$5.4 million 2% FOOTNOTE: This figure includes two recipient-executed RKL grants as well as small Bank-executed RKL grants financed from the SPF Program Management Budget. FEATURE 6: SPF-FINANCED ASIA FOUNDATION STUDY ON SUB-NATIONAL CONFLICT WITH SUPPORT FROM THE SPF, the Asia Foundation conducted a study outlining the dynamics of sub-national conflict in Asia. The report, Contested Corners of Asia, examined ongoing conflicts across East Asia, including southern Thailand, Philippines (Mindanao), Indonesia (Aceh), and Myanmar. The study found that sub-national conflict is the most deadly and enduring form of violent conflict in Asia, having killed more people than all other form of armed conflict during the past decade, including conflicts in fragile states. Moreover, sub-national conflicts are among the world’s longest-running armed conflicts, lasting more than 45 years on average. The study emphasized the need for the international donor community to pay closer attention to the political contexts in which sub-national conflicts occur, and to recognize weaknesses in social cohesion and state legitimacy, not only capacity, as key drivers of conflict. The findings of the study were shared through several dissemination workshops, including at the World Bank’s Nairobi hub to exchange with other regions and SPF teams confronted with sub-national conflict challenges. The findings also informed a dialogue with the Bank’s East Asia Regional Management Team that has led to increased attention to sub-national issues and lagging regions in the context of achieving the World Bank Group’s shared prosperity goal. 22 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 Following the MTR, the SPF Secretariat has also continued to encourage teams to include RKL component (recipient-executed) in projects pillar 1: capture and disseminate knowledge and more recently as part of strategic initiative packages. FIGURE 15: SPF PROJECTS WITH RKL COMPONENTS Secretariat-driven RKL initiatives Over 40 percent of SPF grants include knowledge and learning In response to the MTR’s findings the SPF has continued to pro- components as part of project design mote enhanced learning and RKL activities in areas common to the SPF portfolio as well as promoting hands-on and practical products RKL component to improve the Bank’s operational response in fragile settings. The US$89.9 million Secretariat has awarded a number of small RKL grants to energize 41% work on FCV in cooperation with relevant Bank sectors. No RKL component US$130.4 million 59% Footnote 1: Many of the surveyed projects may still have implicit RKL activities Footnote 2: All strategic initiatives are required to have RKL components BOX 12: THE SPF’S RKL PROJECTS PROJECT NAME COUNTRY/ GRANT MAIN ACTIVITY/ AREA OF FOCUS REGION AMOUNT Evaluation and Central America US$45,000 Evaluation of a successful SPF project on land Knowledge Capture of rights and patrimonial assets; findings will the Colombia Protection inform a follow-on global knowledge exchange of Land and Patrimony on land reform efforts in FCV settings Assets Project Restoring and Rebuilding South Asia US$350,000 Exploring the options for livelihood generation Livelihoods through CDD in CDD projects in South Asia for broader Approaches in Conflict application to other regions and building Settings on many SPF projects that focus on CDD to promote social cohesion and state building Dialogue Series on Central America US$200,000 Workshop to bring together practitioners on Citizen Security in urban crime and violence in Latin America Latin America and the to exchange lessons and contribute to Caribbean (LAC) development of a regional strategy; part of Central America strategy initiative on citizen security SPF RKL: Impact Global US$350,000 Evaluation for evidence-based policy making Evaluation in FCV— to improve development outcomes in FCV Toward a New Science of settings. Delivery S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 23 BOX 12: THE SPF’S RKL PROJECTS (continued) pillar 1: capture and disseminate knowledge PROJECT NAME COUNTRY/ GRANT MAIN ACTIVITY/ AREA OF FOCUS REGION AMOUNT Strengthening Monitoring ECA US$330,706 Knowledge exchange on indicators and M&E and Evaluation of Youth methods for measuring progress on youth Development Projects in engagement projects, building on several Conflict-Affected Areas related projects in the SPF portfolio Evaluation of GBV Côte d’Ivoire US$310,000 Evaluation of the SPF project on SGBV in Côte Program in Côte d’Ivoire d’Ivoire; findings are informing follow-on work on SGBV globally, including as part of the SPF strategic initiative Assessment of Lessons Global US$230,000 A global study on building livelihood devel- Learned in Livelihood opment into programming for displaced Rehabilitation for populations Refugees and Internally Displaced DRC US$38,393 Evaluation of the SPF project on SGBV in DRC; Evaluation of GBV findings are informing follow-on work on SGBV Program in South Kivu globally, including as part of the SPF strategic initiative on SGBV CDD in FCV Global US$350,000 Generating knowledge projects on CDD in FCV settings; providing just-in-time analytic and operational support to SPF and other project teams on CDD Following the MTR, the Secretariat also developed an RKL national conflict. The session also linked project teams with strategy and has promoted several types of knowledge exchange broader Bank and partner experience to promote “frontier” activities with limited resources. This includes: work in FCV. Participants included Bank task team leaders, s Knowledge Exchange Workshops: In December 2013, Bank sector and operational specialists, and external experts. the SPF (with the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and s Brown-bag lunches and workshops: The SPF has also spon- Peacebuilding Transitions (KTF), CCSD (Center for Conflict, sored several brown-bag lunches and knowledge exchange Security and Development), Social Development (SDV), and events, including on results of an evaluation of an SPF project Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) col- on GBV in DRC, on conflict issues in ECA in coordination with leagues) hosted a Knowledge Exchange Workshop at the the ECA Strategic Initiative on Fragility and Conflict, on sub- Bank’s Nairobi hub. The three-day informal workshop took national conflict in East Asia, and a regional event in Latin place alongside the launch of the Independent Evaluation America on urban crime and violence. Also, learning from Group’s evaluation of World Bank Group Assistance to social accountability projects in West Africa to inform projects low-income Fragile and Conflict-Affected States. It provided looking at enhancing budgetary transparency in East Africa. a venue for cross-project, cross-country, and cross-region In this way, the innovations that are incubated in the SPF are exchange of knowledge and operational expertise on a set influencing the way the World Bank does business in FCV settings of themes common to the SPF and KTF portfolios, including across regions. CDD operations in FCV and the Bank’s role in addressing sub- 24 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 25 PILLAR I — PILLAR II — PILLAR III — PI LLAR 2 Tracking Fund- Tracking State- and Financial and Peace-Building TR A C K I N G S T A T E - B U I L D I N G Level Results Results Portfolio Results AN D P EACE - B UI L D I NG R E SUL TS PILLAR OVERVIEW port peace processes and implementation, the portfolio is pillar 2: overview limited in exploring Bank engagement in the implementation THE OVERARCHING GOAL of the SPF is to address state and local and monitoring of the socioeconomic dimensions of peace governance and peace-building needs in fragile, conflict-prone, agreements. and conflict-affected situations. Pillar 2 measures progress toward s While the SPF portfolio is diverse, SPF funding typically this goal by mapping project development objectives to the peace- addresses the priority drivers of FCV in any given region—from and state-building results outlined in the SPF Results Framework. urban crime and violence in Latin America and sub-national This mapping provides an overview of trends in the SPF portfolio, conflict and small island state fragility in East Asia to refugee including common areas of programming as well as gaps, which is crisis response and inclusion and participation issues in the complemented by illustrative examples of project-level results. Pillar Middle East and North Africa and post-conflict recovery and 2 closes with a description of common regional themes in the SPF’s cyclical fragility in Africa. response to FCV challenges. Since the SPF is a global fund, project objectives and results are diverse, as are the contexts in which SPF project teams operate. BOX 13: DEFINITIONS OF STATE BUILDING AND PEACE BUILDING Pillar 2 demonstrates that the SPF portfolio contributes to a mix of state- and peace-building objectives. Findings from Pillar 2 THE SPF’S FOUNDING BOARD PAPER DEFINES THE FUND’S include: STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING GOALS AS FOLLOWS: s The most common areas of state-building programming, including during FY14, contribute to public confidence in the STATE-BUILDING efforts strengthen, build, or rebuild management of resources, build government capacity for institutions of governance. This includes institutions policy formulation, and improve state-society relations and that provide transparent and accountable management responsiveness to the demands of citizens. of public finances, invest in human capital and social s The most common areas of peace-building programming, development, promote the rule of law, deliver basic including during FY14, contribute to employment generation services and infrastructure, and create an enabling and private sector development, promote social cohesion and environment for market development. reintegration of conflict-affected population, and build resil- ience to external stresses such as refugee flows. s In FY14, the SPF has seen a surge in support to projects that promote budget transparency and public financial manage- PEACE-BUILDING efforts seek to develop the conditions, ment, including of extractive industries (including in eastern values, and behaviors that foster and sustain social DRC, Sudan, and Somalia); use CDD and service delivery and economic development that is peaceful, stable, models to enhance social cohesion and state-society relations and sustainable. The term includes a broad spectrum (including in southern Thailand, Kyrgyz Republic, Sudan, and in of reconstruction activities, including recovery and supporting communities in Lebanon and Jordan hosting Syrian reintegration of conflict-affected populations and refugees); and youth engagement projects (in the Caucusus). increased social cohesion; the use of gender-sensitive s FY14 has also seen an increase in justice-related programming approaches; and response to vulnerable groups. It also with SPF investments in urban violence prevention in Central encompasses the management of external stresses, America and job creation and livelihood development for including cross-border violence. conflict-affected populations (in eastern DRC, West Bank and Gaza, Somalia, and Sudan). s The SPF portfolio, however, is limited in direct support to Building states and building peace should not be building institutional capacity of the justice sector as well as in understood as separate objectives of the SPF but advancing pilot Bank support to public financial management rather as interrelated and complementary processes. of the security sector. Similarly, while the SPF has innovative initiatives in the Philippines/Mindanao and Colombia to sup- 26 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 FIGURE 16: MAPPING OF PROJECT-LEVEL OBJECTIVES TO THE SPF’S STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS Note: The circled numbers below indicate the number of SPF grants that contribute to each objective. One SPF project can contribute to multiple results. SPF CONTRIBUTIONS TO COUNTRY/REGIONAL-LEVEL RESULTS pillar 2: overview STATE-BUILDING PEACE-BUILDING 2.1 Public financial management 3.3 Social cohesion 28 2.4 State-society relations 3.1 Jobs & private sector 39 development 25 32 2.2 Justice 3.4 Gender 12 17 2.5 Service delivery 3.2 Peace and transition agreements 2.3 Policy formulation 40 3.5 Resilience to external stress 5 31 21 27 RESULTS INDICATORS KEY: ON-TRACK OFF-TRACK MONITOR FIGURE 17: MAPPING OF PROJECT-LEVEL OBJECTIVES TO THE SPF’S STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS STATE-BUILDING PEACE-BUILDING 45 40 39 40 35 32 31 30 28 25 25 21 20 17 15 12 10 5 5 0 t e n s ery t ts ion er ss en en on tic tio en nd tre es em liv pm ati Jus ma em Ge ls oh de rel ag elo for gre rna lc ce an ev ty cia cy na xte rvi lm cie rd li So Se itio oe Po cia so cto te- et ns an se tra nc Sta fin te ilie va lic nd pri s b ea Re Pu s& ac Pe Job S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 27 THE SPF’S STATE-BUILDING AND PEACE-BUILDING OBJECTIVES THE SPF’S PEACE-BUILDING OBJECTIVES focus on the reduction and management of the internal and external stresses that increase risk of conflict and violence. The SPF’s five state-building objectives focus on improving institutional capacity and legitimacy to increase resilience to these stresses. The results for peace building and state building often overlap and most SPF projects contribute to multiple results. pillar 2: overview BOX 14: STATE-BUILDING AND PEACE-BUILDING OBJECTIVES AND TYPES OF ACTIVITIES STATE-BUILDING Public financial Public financial management; anti-corruption initiatives; natural resource management RESULT 2.1 management Judicial sector capacity building; local-level dispute and conflict resolution mechanisms; human STATE-BUILDING Justice rights protection; human rights commissions; land reform and land rights; reparation for victims of RESULT 2.2 conflict STATE-BUILDING Capacity building of government ministries and executive; capacity building of local governance Policy formulation RESULT 2.3 structures; polling; public information campaigns; leadership development STATE-BUILDING Civil society and NGO capacity building; social accountability mechanisms; civic engagement State-society relations RESULT 2.4 programs STATE-BUILDING Service delivery Delivery of services (infrastructure, health, education, water and sanitation, etc.); CDD programming RESULT 2.5 PEACE-BUILDING Jobs & private sector Job creation; livelihood creation; micro-enterprise; private sector development RESULT 3.1 development PEACE-BUILDING Peace and transition Peace process technical support; conflict and violence monitoring; national dialogue support; local RESULT 3.2 agreements and sub-national inputs to national peace and transition processes Refugee and IDP support; reintegration of ex-combatants and the conflict-affected; community- PEACE-BUILDING Social cohesion based programs targeted to serve minority and marginalized populations and increase inter-group RESULT 3.3 trust PEACE-BUILDING SGBV prevention and response; programs targeting vulnerable young men; women’s empowerment Gender RESULT 3.4 and leadership programming Cross-border development programming; urban violence prevention; anti-trafficking programs; food PEACE-BUILDING Resilience to external security; disaster response and disaster risk reduction RESULT 3.5 stress 28 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 state-building results pillar 2: state-building results CONTRIBUTION TO STATE-BUILDING RESULTS AS PART OF A SURGE IN GRANT MAKING in FY14, projects that target state-building objectives have increased. The most common areas of programming, including during FY14, contribute to results 2.1, 2.3, and 2.5 which emphasize the need for public confidence in the management of public resources, and government capacity for policy formulation, as well as overall perceptions of institutional performance and responsiveness to the demands of citizens. FIGURE 18: MAPPING OF SPF PROJECTS TO STATE-BUILDING RESULTS BY FISCAL YEAR GRANT ACTIVATED 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 Public financial Justice Policy State-society Service delivery management formulation relations FIGURE 19: MAPPING OF SPF PORTFOLIO TO STATE-BUILDING RESULTS BY NUMBER OF GRANTS 45 40 40 35 31 30 28 25 25 20 15 12 10 5 0 Public financial Justice Policy formulation State-society Service delivery management relations S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 29 BOX 15: SPF PROJECTS— SAMPLE STATE-BUILDING RESULTS SPF STATE- SAMPLE PROJECT(S) SAMPLE RESULTS BUILDING RESULT pillar 2: state-building results Guinea-Bissau Economic s With SPF technical assistance, the government formulated and implemented a priority action Governance Support plan for public financial management, including a new legal framework and the introduction of 2.1 PUBLIC Project information technology systems for budget execution and accounting, procurement reforms FINANCIAL and controls. MANAGEMENT s Contributed to improved efficiency, transparency, and accountability of public expenditure management and paved the way for Guinea-Bissau’s achievement of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Completion Point in December 2010. Colombia Protection of s Helped provide land titles and proposed public policy initiatives, leading to the passage of a Land and Patrimony of law on victims and restitution of land in 2011. It also led to the inclusion of patrimonial asset IDP’s protection of IDP’s in Colombia’s national development plan. s Since 2003, the land rights of 176,000 IDPs have been protected, and more than 2,000 officials from municipalities, territorial committees, and national institutions have been trained to protect the rights and interests of displaced people. 2.2. JUSTICE Liberia: Improving s This project is increasing access to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms at the local Access to Justice and level and boosting the capacity of the Liberia Anti-Corruption Commission (LACC) to take Enhancing Accountability measures to prevent corruption, including an Asset Declaration system to better identify, investigate, and prosecute cases of corruption. s A pilot dispute resolution activity has been designed and a series of studies, surveys, and stakeholder consultations across five counties has been completed. Asset Disclosure training has also been provided to LACC investigators. Transitional Assistance s Developing procedures to strengthen the internal control of the Ministry of Finance and line to Libya ministries, and supporting adoption of a strategy to modernize the national statistics system for economic policy and planning. Workshops have been held to evaluate and modernize public procurement systems, as well as south-south exchanges on fiscal decentralization involving the ministries of local governance, planning, and finance. 2.3 POLICY s Supporting the formulation of a reconciliation, reconstruction, and recovery vision for 2012- 2017, in addition to labor market assessments and the creation of a social fund to promote FORMULATION apprenticeships, vocational training, and entrepreneurship. Liberia Civil Service s Ongoing project activities include efforts to reform pay and remuneration systems, capacity Reform building for mid-level civil service executives, and purchasing office equipment. s Capacity building of the civil service administration to increase its ability to develop key policies and plans to build citizen confidence. Piloting Community s Developed effective community approaches to local development in a middle-income country Approaches in Conflict affected by sub-national violence. By gaining knowledge and local understanding and building Situations in Three trust among authorities and stakeholders, the project contributed to improved and more Southernmost Provinces accountable collection, management, and use of public resources. in Thailand s Improved capacity for policy formulation among local and district governments and spurred an increase in demand-side governance. In so doing it helped build trust and improve state- society relations in a volatile and insecure environment. 2.4 STATE-SOCIETY Program for s Contributed to improvements in service delivery by building the capacity of civil society RELATIONS Accountability in Nepal organizations (CSOs) and implementing social accountability approaches. The project also spurred cooperation between the government and CSOs, increased public participation in dialogue and debate, and enhanced citizen engagement with local governments. s Prompted the emergence of citizen watch groups and councils, district networks, and monitoring committees in the areas affected by the project. In Banglung municipality, for example, disabled persons were made aware of their legal entitlements, after which they petitioned local authorities. They have since accessed their disability allowances. 30 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 BOX 15: SPF PROJECTS— SAMPLE STATE-BUILDING RESULTS (continued) SPF STATE- SAMPLE PROJECT(S) SAMPLE RESULTS BUILDING RESULT pillar 2: state-building results West Bank and Gaza s This project rehabilitates water supply networks to regulate water pressure and ensure reliable Water Supply and year-round supply for villages located in West Bank Area C, which has restricted access to Sanitation Improvements services. Today, two reservoirs are pending approval from the Joint Water Council and the for West Bethlehem Israeli Civil Administration. Villages s A wastewater management feasibility study is ongoing, and a capacity building action plan report is currently being produced. In addition, related training events and local institutional capacity building to manage basic services are being undertaken, including cooperation between Israeli and Palestinian water management agencies. Beitbridge Emergency s Boosted Beitbridge city’s water supply and wastewater and solid waste management systems, Water Supply and benefiting 40,000 residents. It enabled authorities and utility companies to increase quality, Sanitation Project duration, and reliability of potable water supply. s Indirectly helped reduce poverty, facilitate social development activities, and prevent the spread of cholera throughout the region. This SPF grant also allowed the World Bank to 2.5 SERVICE pilot support through local institutions as the country is in arrears. Lessons of this grant are informing design of the new Zimbabwe MDTF. DELIVERY Lebanon National s Increased civic engagement among youth in Lebanon and contributed to improved social Volunteer Service cohesion by expanding youth volunteerism and encouraging youth to serve in communities Program other than their own. It has also improved the employability of youth through enhanced soft skills and training. Iraq Consultative Service s Improved social service delivery through the institutionalization of responsive CDD processes, Delivery Project, Phase and expanding opportunities for government-citizen collaboration. It has been scaled up within II/ III the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), which has created an advisory committee to lead long-term strategy development in the Ministry of Planning. The project has trained over 100 government officials in CDD approaches. s Two phases of SPF projects have benefited 165,000 people. Formal training, technical assistance, and on-the-job training was provided to more than 70 KRG staff in support of 26 KRG-funded CDD projects, nearly all of which have been completed. In some communities, long-contentious groups are now collaborating and building alliances to implement community projects. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 31 peace-building results pillar 2: peace-building results CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS ACCOMPANYING THE FY14 SURGE IN GRANT MAKING there has been an increase in projects with peace-building objectives. The most common areas of programming, including during FY14, contribute to results 3.1, 3.3, and 3.5, which include projects focused on employment generation and private sector development, promoting social cohesion and reintegration of conflict-affected population, and projects that build resilience to external stresses such as drug trafficking and urban violence prevention and refugee flows. FIGURE 20: MAPPING OF SPF PROJECTS TO PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS BY FISCAL YEAR GRANT ACTIVATED 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 Jobs & private sector development Peace & transition agreements Social cohesion Gender Resilience to external stress FIGURE 21: MAPPING OF SPF PORTFOLIO TO PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS BY NUMBER OF GRANTS 45 39 40 35 32 30 25 21 20 17 15 10 6 5 0 Jobs & private Peace & transition Social Gender Resilience to sector agreements cohesion external stress development 32 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 BOX 16: SPF PROJECTS—SAMPLE PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS SPF PEACE- SAMPLE PROJECT(S) SAMPLE RESULTS BUILDING RESULT pillar 2: peace-building results Solomon Islands Rapid s Increased employment and income-generating opportunities among vulnerable urban Employment Project populations by offering employment skills and assistance to facilitate reconciliation. s After three years of implementation, the project has generated 400,000 person days of work (nearly 80 percent of the intended target), transferred US$1.57 million in wages, and trained 7,450 beneficiaries through pre-employment training that targeted women (58 percent) and youth (52 percent). Kosovo Youth s Awarded grants to 38 young entrepreneurs to develop companies as a way to increase Employment employment, access to services, and social cohesion among Kosovo’s youth. In addition, 300 apprentices were placed at a variety of businesses including software firms and construction companies. s Provided educational opportunities, notably business start-up and vocational training, for over 3.1 JOBS AND 800 young people. Ninety-three percent of survey respondents noted that they were “very PRIVATE SECTOR satisfied” with their vocational training. DEVELOPMENT Côte d’Ivoire Support for s Contributed to the creation of over 530 permanent jobs and over 150 active enterprises. Total Young Entrepreneurs and investment generated amounts to US$1.2 million with a turnover of more than US$7.8 million. Urban Job Creation s The project also established a network with a current membership of 160 young entrepreneurs and had a successful corporate social responsibility (CSR) component, which contributed to a strategic community investment meeting, gained commitment from the International Finance Corporation, and participated in a private sector CSR event. Somalia Private Sector s The main objective of the project is to generate jobs through direct investments (the matching Development grant facility) and improvements in targeted sectors. The project included the first matching Re-engagement Program grant program in the region, which was considered risky (given its size and the political economy of the region). s In addition to interventions to improve investment climate, facilitate public-private partnerships, and conduct studies in targeted sectors, the project’s Somalia Business Fund awarded over 80 grants that generated over 1,200 jobs by the end of 2013. Encouraging more s The grant’s flexibility to respond to on-demand requests for just-in-time technical assistance resilient communities in has helped position the Bank as a trusted source of technical advice on conflict and conflict-affected areas development issues in Mindanao. A conflict monitoring system was established in partnership in the Philippines with International Alert and three Mindanao universities. The dynamic and real-time data shared with the government, Moro Islamic Liberation Front, CSOs, academia, and donors contributed to better development planning and increased the ability to track progress on the peace process. s The project also designed a special set of guidelines and procedures for conflict areas under the US$1 billion National CDD poverty program supported by the Bank and informed other government development programs using a similar approach. Through a targeted leadership training program, the project increased capacity of Mindanao leaders to bridge the divide 3.2 PEACE AND and underpin peace in their communities through the design and implementation of specific projects that address security, service delivery, and social cohesion. TRANSITION AGREEMENTS Somalia knowledge for s This project sets out to provide the analytical underpinnings for better-designed interventions operations program and more transparent policy choices in Bank operations in Somalia. Building on a successful (SKOPE) initial round of support, SKOPE is expanding its existing activities to include support for Somalia’s New Deal Fragility Assessment and Compact, which will form the basis of its international engagement and facilitate demand-driven policy dialogue in Mogadishu. s SKOPE’s analytical work has encouraged international partners to look beyond humanitarian aid and consider longer-term economic development investments. The project has supported the Ministry of Finance’s preparation of an economic recovery plan for 2014-2015, designed and implemented a public financial management self-assessment, and an international financial institution normalization process that includes HIPC and arrears clearance. A study on piracy funded by the project is drawing attention to off-shore governance challenges. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 33 BOX 16: SPF PROJECTS—SAMPLE PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS (continued) SAMPLE PROJECT(S) SPF PEACE- WITH REPORTING IN SAMPLE RESULTS BUILDING RESULT pillar 2: peace-building results FOR FY14 Georgia IDP Community s Increased opportunities for IDPs to participate in community development activities and Development Project access basic infrastructure, services, and employment. s Forty-seven infrastructure and service micro-projects were completed, all of which addressed IDP development needs. Housing conditions and utilities were improved, roads were renovated, and IDPs gained assets to advance agricultural production and their livelihoods. Beneficiaries reported that 85 percent of micro-projects resulted in improvements in living conditions against community-defined indicators of success. Kosovo Social Inclusion s Provided 29 small community investment grants, targeting communities with ethnic minorities 3.3 SOCIAL and Local Development and mixed ethnic groups to improve social cohesion. The objective was to improve the quality COHESION Project and availability of basic community infrastructure. s Provided start-up support to 60 businesses owned by youth and war widows in nine municipalities in Kosovo to support small and micro-enterprise development. Inclusive Development s Instrumental in building community capacity in participatory planning, community-based in Post-Conflict organization management, and M&E. By mid-2014, the training had reached 261 people, Bougainville including both civil servants and leaders of CSOs. s Channels funds directly to women’s organization to strengthen the sociopolitical role of women. Forty-one women’s organizations in all 13 districts received grants to undertake community development projects, including water supply, establishment of resource centers, business management training, as well as income generation, health, and education services benefiting 48,000 people. Protection from GBV in s By strengthening government social centers and building the capacity of local NGOs and Côte d’Ivoire medical staff, this project’s prevention activities have reached over 130,000 people at the community level and almost 2,000 members of local security forces and authorities. An additional 1,700 women have become members of savings and loans clubs. s An average of 110 GBV survivors per month were treated, exceeding the project target by over 280 percent. Results of the project’s prevention work were measured through surveys in which 90 percent of respondents indicated changed attitudes toward GBV and GBV response. 3.4 GENDER Addressing GBV in South s Basic services were provided to nearly 4,000 survivors of GBV; a referral system between Kivu, DRC community-based organizations and service providers was built, as were partnerships with community members who lead advocacy and community awareness sessions about GBV. s The project made timely medical, legal, and psychosocial assistance accessible to survivors of GBV in 65 sites in South Kivu. It worked to empower 28 community-based organizations supporting women, encouraged local leaders to take actions to improve the safety and well- being of women, and successfully advocated for policies promoting their protection, such as “free medical certificate for victims of rape” who engage in legal action against attackers. SPF Transfers to s Just-in-time support provided to Jordanian and Lebanese municipalities to address the basic Lebanon and Jordan service delivery needs and to enhance social cohesion in communities most affected by the MDTFs for Syrian refugee influx of Syrian refugees. 3.5 RESILIENCE crisis response TO EXTERNAL s Supported a dialogue series on citizen security in Central America’s Northern Triangle, Dialogue series on STRESS citizen security in LAC including a high-level international conference that brought together policy leaders and practitioners from across Latin America to exchange on approaches to addressing the challenge of urban crime and violence. 34 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 AFRICA & THE MIDDLE EAST/NORTH AFRICA REGION REGIONAL FOCUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF STATE-BUILDING AND PEACE-BUILDING OBJECTIVES pillar 2: regional focus FIGURES 22 THROUGH 27 MAP SPF PROJECTS to SPF state- and peace-building results by region. The accompanying boxes provide a snapshot of SPF regional focus areas and programming and types of target results for SPF projects. While the SPF portfolio is diverse, SPF funding typically addresses the priority drivers of FCV in any given region—from urban crime and violence in Latin America to sub-national conflict in East Asia to refugee crises and inclusion and participation issues in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) transitions to post-conflict recovery and cyclical fragility in Africa. FIGURE 22: THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION FIGURE 23: THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT STATE -BUILDING OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT PEACE -BUILDING OBJECTIVES 100% Public financial 100% Jobs & private sector management development PEACE-BUILDING 90% 90% 18% 20% STATE-BUILDING Justice Peace & transition 32% agreements 80% 80% 47% Policy formulation 12% 70% 70% 20% Social Cohesion State-society relations Gender 60% Service delivery 60% 17% Resilience to 50% 50% 25% external stress 12% 44% 40% 22% 40% 8% 30% 24% 30% 5% 20% 20% 30% 25% 6% 24% 10% 10% 12% 0% 0% AFR MENA AFR MENA SPF CONTRIBUTION TO STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS BOX 17 BOX 18 AFRICA MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA THE AFRICA REGION is the largest recipient of SPF financing. SPF grants in SINCE FY12 and in response to the Arab Spring transitions and the Syrian the region are designed to address challenges in a variety of fragile and refugee crisis, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has received conflict-affected contexts. The grants include three SPF strategic initiatives: an increasing amount of SPF financing. MENA is now the second-largest a diverse package of projects to support early institution building and recipient of SPF funding. This includes US$20 million in SPF transfers in conflict recovery priorities in Somalia; investments to encourage peace FY14 to MDTFs in Lebanon and Jordan to help host communities address the consolidation in eastern DRC, including pilot projects for job creation, CDD, immediate service delivery and economic impacts of Syrian refugee inflows. and management of natural resource wealth; and a strategic initiative for Over 45 percent of the MENA portfolio focuses on service delivery and CDD Sudan focused on public financial management and budget transparency for conflict-affected populations as well as increased social cohesion. Other as well as livelihood development and pastoralism. About 30 percent common areas of programming include policy formulation (24 percent) to of SPF grants in Africa are dedicated to improving service delivery and support improved governance and job creation and livelihood development promoting CDD as well as job creation and livelihood development for (24 percent) for displaced populations, host communities, and other conflict-affected populations. Other common areas of programming include conflict-affected and marginalized populations. SPF programming in MENA revenue transparency and anti-corruption initiatives (25 percent), projects includes a focus on countries that cannot access other sources of financing that promote social cohesion (25 percent), improve government capacity for FCV response (West Bank and Gaza since it is not a Bank member; for policy formulation (22 percent), and GBV prevention and response Jordan, Lebanon, and Libya which would not borrow from IBRD for FCV- (20 percent). SPF programming in Africa includes a focus on supporting related activities); and pilot programming with the potential to be brought to countries in arrears with no access to other sources of Bank financing scale (e.g., participatory service delivery in Tunisia and CDD models in Iraq). (Somalia, Sudan, Zimbabwe), limited IDA countries (Guinea-Bissau), and projects that pilot innovative approaches to inform future IDA investments. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 35 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC pillar 2: regional focus FIGURE 24: THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION FIGURE 25: THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT STATE -BUILDING OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT PEACE -BUILDING OBJECTIVES 100% Public financial 100% Jobs & private sector 13% management 13% development 90% 20% 90% PEACE-BUILDING Justice STATE-BUILDING Peace & transition 80% 80% agreements Policy formulation 50% 70% 29% 70% Social Cohesion State-society relations 44% 30% Gender 60% Service delivery 60% Resilience to 50% 50% external stress 40% 40% 6% 33% 30% 30% 30% 50% 4% 20% 20% 38% 10% 21% 10% 20% 0% 0% LAC EAP LAC EAP SPF CONTRIBUTION TO STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS BOX 19 BOX 20 LATIN AMERICA EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC AND THE CARIBBEAN THE EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC REGION (EAP) is the fourth-largest recipient THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN REGION (LAC) is the third-largest of SPF financing. The portfolio has a focus on addressing sub-national recipient of SPF financing. The LAC portfolio includes SPF strategic conflict and shared prosperity challenges in middle-incomes countries as initiatives on citizen security and urban violence prevention in Central well as responding to fragility in small island states. This includes projects America and a Colombia strategic initiative to support peace agreement in the Philippines, Thailand, and Papua New Guinea that address sub- implementation and victims’ reparations and land reform building on earlier national challenges by focusing on support to peace processes, increased SPF grants. These two strategic initiatives have resulted in a focus in the civic participation, improved national-local dialogue, and capacity building region on responding to external stresses (50 percent)—violence resulting of local-level governance institutions and civil society. The SPF portfolio from cross-border drug trafficking and illicit financial flows and justice (50 also includes projects targeting natural resource management, CDD, percent) with the SPF’s programming in Colombia on land policy reform job creation in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. Thirty-three and access to justice in urban crime prevention efforts. The SPF also has percent of projects focus on policy formulation and 44 percent on improved a service delivery project and provided an early MDTF transfer to support social cohesion in the region. Other common areas of programming include Haiti’s reconstruction. Haiti is the only country classified as a fragile state job creation (38 percent) and improving state-society relations (29 percent). in the region. SPF projects in Central America and Colombia represent pilot initiatives with the potential for scale-up through government, IDA, IBRD, and other donor financing. 36 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA SOUTH ASIA pillar 2: regional focus FIGURE 26: THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION FIGURE 27: THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT STATE -BUILDING OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT PEACE -BUILDING OBJECTIVES 100% Public financial 100% Jobs & private sector management 8% development 90% 20% 90% PEACE-BUILDING Peace & transition STATE-BUILDING Justice 80% 40% 80% 25% agreements Policy formulation 70% 70% Social Cohesion State-society relations Gender 60% 40% Service delivery 60% 100% Resilience to 50% 20% 50% external stress 42% 40% 40% 10% 30% 30% 10% 20% 40% 20% 8% 10% 20% 10% 17% 0% 0% ECA SA ECA SA SPF CONTRIBUTION TO STATE- AND PEACE-BUILDING RESULTS BOX 21 BOX 22 EASTERN EUROPE SOUTH ASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA THE SPF HAS LIMITED PROGRAMMING IN THE SOUTH ASIA REGION (SAR), IN THE EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA REGION (ECA) SPF grant primarily due to the presence of other large-scale country-based trust activities target a multitude of internal and external stresses that increase funds, notably the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund and the Pakistan vulnerability to violence. Sub-national conflict, regional fragility, cross- Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered border crime and violence, international resource disputes, as well as the Tribal Areas, and Balochistan. However, In Nepal, the SPF’s Program to changing security dynamics due to military withdrawal from Afghanistan are Promote the Demand for Good Governance supports a process of political all affecting development outcomes in the region. The heart of the SPF’s transformation after 10 years of civil war. The SPF grant compliments the programming is the ECA Strategic Initiative on Conflict and Fragility, which Bank’s “supply-side” state-building activities with efforts to strengthen focuses on youth engagement, piloting CDD to increase social cohesion, citizen engagement and build civil society and social accountability and improving state-society relations, including building local governance mechanisms. The SPF also finances a small knowledge and learning grant in systems. This includes youth engagement pilots in the North and South South Asia on livelihood generation as part of CDD programming in conflict- Caucuses and CDD and social cohesion pilots in the Kyrgyz Republic. Around affected areas in the region. 40 percent of SPF grants in the region focus on building social cohesion and inter-group trust and service delivery and CDD. The portfolio also targets marginalized and under-represented group such as IDPs and ethnic minorities for service delivery and job creation. The SPF-supported Georgia IDP Community Development project, for example, increased livelihood opportunities, access to services, and basic infrastructure for IDPs in 40 target communities. S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 37 PILLAR I — PILLAR III — P I LLAR 3 Tracking Fund-Level PILLAR II — Tracking State- and Financial and F I N A N CI AL A ND PO R T F O L I O Results Peace-Building Results Portfolio Results R ES U LTS PILLAR OVERVIEW s As the SPF portfolio has matured, disbursements have steadily pillar 3: overview increased. The SPF is 66 percent disbursed, including MDTF PILLAR 3 PROVIDES A SNAPSHOT of the SPF’s financial and transfers. portfolio status based on assessment against a range of common s On average, SPF projects take 10 months to move from SPF World Bank indicators (approvals, commitments, disbursements, Committee approval to first disbursement of funds due to a project processing timelines, and project ratings). variety of internal and external factors. However, processing s As of the end of FY14, the SPF is valued at US$222 million, timelines shortened in FY14 compared to FY12 and FY13, comprising World Bank contributions (US$167 million), donor as Bank regions and central units clarified the new small contributions (US$52 million), and investment income (US$3 RE grant guidelines. The SPF Secretariat also continues to million). The Bank has provided 76 percent of the contribu- explore options for streamlining SPF procedures and providing tions, and the remaining 24 percent has been contributed by enhanced support to teams. bilateral donors, whose contributions have increased since the s 96 percent of SPF projects reporting have ratings of satisfac- SPF’s founding in 2008. tory or moderately satisfactory. Several grants are too early s The SPF has experienced a boom in grant making in FY14 with to report and three projects are considered ‘stalled’ with long particularly high demand from Africa and the Middle East to delays in project start-up due to a combination of country respond to the Syrian refugee crisis and to support Somalia’s contextual factors (political changes and crises) and program transition. As of the end of July 2014, the SPF has approved management difficulties. US$214 million in grants and MDTF transfers. s During the FY14 surge in grant making, 88 percent of SPF financing went to countries with limited or no access to Bank financing for FCV activities. spf financial status SPF FINANCIAL STATUS FIGURE 28: SPF CONTRIBUTIONS BY DONORS FY09-FY14 (IN US $ MILLIONS) THE SPF WAS ESTABLISHED in 2008 with an initial contribu- 180 167 tion from the World Bank of US$100 million over three fiscal years 160 (2009-2012). Since this initial pledge, the SPF has received annual 140 120 contributions from the IBRD as one of the grant-making facili- 100 ties (GMFs) that have been a “below-the-line” component of the 80 60 Bank’s administrative budget (separate from the net administrative 40 8 11 14 8 budget). Total World Bank contributions to the SPF through FY14 20 2 5 5 0 are US$167 million, representing 76 percent of the overall financing a k y ds ay en UK nk an ar ali rw to the Fund; this has been complemented by an additional US$52 an ed Ba nm rm str No Sw erl rld Ge De Au th Wo million from bilateral donors, whose contributions have steadily Ne increased since the SPF’s founding in 2008. The SPF donors include Australia, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands (until FY13), Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Total SPF contributions amount to US$219 million at the end of FY14. 38 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 FIGURE 29: SPF CONTRIBUTIONS BY DONORS FY09-FY14 (IN %) Australia 4% Denmark 5% Germany 1% pillar 3: spf financial status Netherlands 6% Norway 3% World Bank 76% Sweden 3% UK 2% As part of the new Strategic Planning and Budgeting process, directions for the Fund. In FY14 grant making surged. This was due the GMF budget line is being phased out in order to better align in part to the focus on implementing the MTR recommendations and the WBG budget with corporate priorities and the twin goals. In promoting transformative packages of assistance through strategic light of the priority given to FCV and urgent demands on the Fund, initiatives, but it was also because of an increase in urgent needs the World Bank has pledged a further US$60 million to the SPF and the efforts of the SPF Committee and Secretariat to improve for FY15-17 (past the SPF’s current closing date) and will consider the efficiency and effectiveness of SPF grant making. With increased any future contributions to the SPF as part of the strategic budget attention and focus on FCV issues across the Bank and among FCV process. clients and partners, there is heightened demand for SPF resources. During the FY14 surge in grant making, over 88 percent of fund- SPF grant making ing has gone to countries with limited or no access to other Bank As of the end of July 2014, the SPF has approved 94 grants finance for FCV response (see Figure 31). This includes US$20 mil- and MDTF transfers for a total of US$214 million. An additional lion to Jordan and Lebanon to respond to the Syrian refugee crisis US$6 million has been committed for Secretariat costs for a total and nearly US$20 million to support Somalia. of approximately US$220 million. Ninety-nine percent of approved SPF grants have been legally committed. Figure 26 shows grant and MDTF approvals by fiscal year. From FY09 to FY12, average yearly approval of grants was approximately US$34 million. FY13 saw a decrease in grant making as the SPF carried out its MTR and reflected on the portfolio and strategic FIGURE 30: NEW GRANTS BY REGION (FY09-FY14) IN MILLION US$ 120 100 80 60 40 AFR EAP 20 ECA LAC 0 MENA FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 SA S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 39 FIGURE 31: FY14 GRANT MAKING TO COUNTRIES WITH LIMITED OR NO ACCESS TO OTHER BANK FINANCING FOR FCV ACTIVITIES IN US$ Regional/Global program TF US$327,000 1% pillar 3: spf financial status Non-Member IBRD—special FCV cases US$2.3 million US$30.2 million 3% 42% SPF financing to countries Other: pilot, with limited/ no alternative innovative, urgent Bank funding source for need grants, FCV response, US$8.8 million US$62.6 million 12% 88% Arrears, US$29.8 million 42% Looking ahead and pipeline Disbursements Demand for SPF financing greatly exceeds available funds. As As the SPF portfolio has matured, disbursements have steadily of the end of July 2014, the SPF pipeline is US$45 million, and increased. This trend has been consistent with the Bank’s IDA port- the World Bank has pledged US$25 million in new funds for FY15. folio in fragile and post-conflict settings, characterized by capacity The SPF pipeline includes strategic initiative projects (for Somalia, constraints and difficult operating environment that affect the initial eastern DRC, and GBV) and urgent need grants (applications are pace of project initiation. Figure 32 shows project disbursements pending, for example, from Zimbabwe, for regional response in by fiscal year. The SPF is currently 66 percent disbursed, including the Sahel, and for West Bank and Gaza), including MDTF transfers. MDTF transfers. FIGURE 32: SPF PROJECT DISBURSEMENTS BY FISCAL YEAR, IN MILLION US$ 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 40 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 spf projects —processing and implementation SPF PROJECTS—PROCESSING AND IMPLEMENTATION added extra layers to processing; and turnover of task team leaders. pillar 3: spf projects Also, similar to many trust-funded projects, SPF task teams often ON AVERAGE, SPF projects take 10 months to move from approval lack sufficient Bank budget (BB) resources for project preparation of SPF funding to early implementation (i.e., from SPF Committee and supervision, particularly important in low-capacity and highly approval to first disbursement of funds). Many delays occur in volatile FCV environments. The SPF portfolio has experienced a project preparation and early implementation and are related to significant turnover of task team leaders that, in some cases, has internal Bank processing, though the MTR also notes that there delayed project implementation. are often cases where task teams reported no problems navigating The introduction of the new guidelines for processing small internal processing. recipient-executed trust funds in 2012 was intended to bring trust- External factors also play a key role (weak implementing partner funded operations within the mainstream quality control processes and government capacity, volatile political and security conditions), of the World Bank. However, SPF Task Teams faced difficulties in as does the quality of project design and the experience levels of navigating the new guidelines and per MTR findings, pointed to task team leaders. SPF teams point to the following issues related delays and bottlenecks in the review and approval process. As shown to the timeliness of SPF grant making: confusion over procedures in Figure 30, these timelines have shortened significantly in FY14 for trust fund processing and differences in processing steps across compared to FY12-13 as the Bank’s regions and central units have regions; lack of experience among safeguard, legal, procurement, worked to revise and clarify the small RE grant instructions toward and financial management (FM) staff in tailoring reviews to FCV simplification and the Secretariat and Committee have supported contexts; proliferation of regional review requirements that have teams through the project cycle. BOX 23: MTR FINDINGS ON PROJECT PROCESSING SPEED THE FIGURE BELOW shows average project processing times for the SPF versus its predecessors—the PCF and LICUS—and implies (also based on SPF MTR consultations) that with the mainstreaming of trust fund policies and procedures and introduction of the new small recipient-executed grant guidelines, there has been some slowdown in speed of response. While the issues of flexibility and speed are critical for delivering results in FCV settings, these global FCV-focused funds overall average at least a year from project approval to first disbursement, underscoring the need to develop an FCV-tailored operating framework. SPF PROCESS 5.1 5.3 4.3 PCF PROCESS 2.6 4.4 5.1 LICUS PROCESS 1.7 6.9 3.4 - 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 Proposal Submission to Project Approval (months) Project Approval to Grant Agreement (months) Grant Agreement to First Disbursement (months) S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 41 BOX 24: TIMELINES FOR SPF PROJECT FIGURE 33:TURNOVER OF TASK TEAM LEADERS IMPLEMENTATION Change AVERAGE MONTHS BETWEEN COMMITTEE 36.38% 5.9 MONTHS APPROVAL AND GRANT AGREEMENT pillar 3: spf projects AVERAGE MONTHS BETWEEN GRANT 4.4 MONTHS N/A AGREEMENT AND FIRST DISBURSEMENT 4.4% AVERAGE MONTHS BETWEEN COMMITTEE 10.3 MONTHS APPROVAL AND FIRST DISBURSEMENT No change 56.58% FIGURE 34: SPF PROJECT PROCESSING FIGURE 35: SPF PROJECT PROCESSING AND AND IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINES BY REGION IN DAYS IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINES BY FISCAL YEAR IN DAYS 600 450 400 500 350 155 300 400 176 133 104 250 175 161 300 141 200 127 13 103 150 200 350 144 225 207 100 219 195 188 185 160 100 60 186 116 50 65 68 0 0 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 AFR EAP ECA LAC MENA SA Average of Grant Agreement—First Disbursal Average of Grant Agreement—First Disbursal Average of Committee Approval—Grant Agreement Average of Committee Approval—Grant Agreement 42 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 The SPF Secretariat continued to exchange with Operations Policy tors. The SPF Secretariat also works closely with the Operational and Country Services (OPCS), Development Finance Department Solutions Team to provide just-in-time support to teams imple- pillar 3: spf project ratings and reporting (DFi) and other relevant units to explore options for enhancing the menting SPF projects. Support ranges from helping to develop flexibility and responsiveness of trust fund policies to FCV-specific FCV-appropriate results frameworks, to helping to address project challenges. The Secretariat has also identified SPF projects to bottlenecks in effectiveness of grants, implementation, and report- pilot the revised and streamlined guidelines for recipient-executed ing. In other cases the Secretariat has worked with task teams to grants, which will launch late in 2014 and are expected to signifi- restructure projects to adapt to changing dynamics on the ground. cantly reduce the grant processing time. The SPF Secretariat has offered FCV trainings and clinics for SPF As well as helping teams to develop proposals for funding, the teams, including the design and implementation for the Africa SPF Secretariat also supports teams throughout implementation. To Region of new training modules for managing trust-funded projects do this the SPF Secretariat collaborates with central units, such as in FCV. the Bank’s new DFI and also with the regional trust fund coordina- spf project ratings and reporting SPF PROJECT RATINGS AND REPORTING indicators that realistically reflect what can be achieved in FCV environments. The SPF Secretariat frequently participates in mid- TASK TEAM LEADERS ARE EXPECTED to periodically report to term reviews and in FY14 participated in mid-term review missions the SPF Secretariat on the implementation status of their project. to Papua New Guinea, Haiti, and Kosovo. The SPF requires two forms of monitoring and reporting from task teams: an annual report on project implementation progress and a Project ratings mid-term review. The SPF uses the standard World Bank Group rating system to The SPF Secretariat supports teams to develop sound results evaluate project performance. Projects are rated on a six-point scale frameworks at project design stage, using lessons learned on ranging from Highly Satisfactory to Highly Unsatisfactory. A full creating frameworks and indicators appropriate for FCV settings. explanation of each rating category is in Box 25. This could include, for example, indicators reflecting low-capacity environments, flexibility to adapt to dynamic FCV contexts, and BOX 25: THE WORLD BANK GROUP RATING SYSTEM RATING RATIONALE HIGHLY SATISFACTORY There were NO SHORTCOMINGS in the operations achievement of its objectives, in its efficiency or its relevance SATISFACTORY There were MINOR SHORTCOMINGS in the operations achievement of its objectives, in its efficiency or its relevance MODERATELY SATISFACTORY There were MODERATE SHORTCOMINGS in the operations achievement of its objectives, in its efficiency or its relevance MODERATELY UNSATISFACTORY There were SIGNIFICANT SHORTCOMINGS in the operations achievement of its objectives, in its efficiency or its relevance UNSATISFACTORY There were MAJOR SHORTCOMINGS in the operations achievement of its objectives, in its efficiency or its relevance HIGHLY UNSATISFACTORY There were SEVERE SHORTCOMINGS in the operations achievement of its objectives, in its efficiency or its relevance S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 43 96 percent of SPF projects reporting have ratings of satisfactory with long delays in project start-up due to a combination of country or moderately satisfactory. Two projects (in Nigeria and the Central contextual factors (political changes and crises) as well as program pillar 3: spf project ratings and reporting African Republic) have a moderately unsatisfactory rating due to management difficulties. Since the MTR, and to improve portfolio implementation and design challenges. Several projects were tracking, the SPF Secretariat has also focused on pushing for more recently approved and thus are too early to rate. Three projects regular reporting from project teams and more direct links to the are considered ‘stalled’ in South Sudan, Guinea Bissau, and Guinea SPF Fund-level results framework. FIGURES 32–33: SPF PROJECT RATINGS FIGURE 36: RATINGS OF SPF PROJECTS REPORTING FIGURE 37: OVERALL STATUS OF SPF PORTFOLIO RATINGS Stalled Satisfactory 4% 68% Too Early 26% Satisfactory 48% Moderately Moderately Satisfactory Satisfactory 20% 28% Moderately Unsatisfactory Moderately 4% Unsatisfactory 2% Moving forward, the Secretariat will continue to advance this Secretariat will also continue to improve and refine the Dashboard Pilot Monitoring Dashboard as a tool to support portfolio manage- based on user feedback. This goal is to utilize the SPF Monitoring ment and tracking project-level results. An online version of the Dashboard as a key tool to improve reporting practices and the SPF Dashboard is under development, which will allow for real- monitoring capacity of the SPF Secretariat, the SPF Committee, task time monitoring of progress and tracking of portfolio trends. The teams, clients, donor partners and the wider SPF community. 44 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 ANNEX S P F G RA NT L I ST WB GRANT COUNTRY PROJECT PART OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVE REGION AMOUNT USD Central African AFR Safe and Reliable Public Electricity Project $2,250,801.02 Republic Evaluation of Gender Based Violence Program in Côte AFR Cote d'Ivoire $310,000.00 d‘Ivoire AFR Cote d'Ivoire Protection from Gender-Based Violence $2,044,473.81 Strengthening Communication and Transparency for AFR Cote d'Ivoire $1,400,000.00 Governance Reform AFR Cote d'Ivoire Young Entrepreneurs and Urban Job Creation $2,500,000.00 Democratic AFR Republic of Addressing Gender Based Violence in South Kivu $1,984,787.00 Congo Democratic AFR Republic of Community Recovery and Resilience Pilot $4,900,000.00 Supporting Peace Consolidation in Eastern DRC Congo Democratic AFR Republic of Evaluation of GBV Program in South Kivu $38,939.39 Congo Democratic AFR Republic of Mineral Recovery and Development in Eastern DRC $1,041,000.00 Supporting Peace Consolidation in Eastern DRC Congo AFR Guinea Public Sector Governance and Accountability $655,000.00 AFR Guinea Public Sector Governance and Accountability $2,045,000.00 AFR Guinea Economic Governance Support Project $1,128,081.29 AFR Guinea-Bissau Extractive Industries Sectors Technical Assistance $338,000.00 AFR Guinea-Bissau Extractive Industries Sectors Technical Assistance $2,860,216.00 AFR Guinea-Bissau Participatory Rural Development Grant $5,000,000.00 Support to National Health Development Plan - Phase AFR Guinea-Bissau $2,041,500.00 II AFR Liberia Civil Service Reforms and Capacity Building $2,000,000.00 Improving Access to Justice and Enhancing Account- AFR Liberia $1,500,000.00 ability Land Sector Reforms: Rehabilitation and Reform of AFR Liberia $2,982,000.00 Land Rights Registration Project AFR Nigeria Community Foundations Initiative $603,290.39 Afrobarometer Governance Perception Surveys in AFR Regional - Africa AFR: Enhancing Capacity and Knowledge on Peace- $3,212,780.00 building and State-building for Development AFR Senegal Community Peacebuilding Initiatives in Casamance $700,000.00 AFR Senegal Community Peacebuilding Initiatives in Casamance $2,300,000.00 AFR Somalia Drought Management and Livelihood Project $3,974,271.06 AFR Somalia MDTF Transfer: Somalia Mult-Partner Fund $8,000,000.00 Strategy Initiative for Somalia Re-engagement MDTF Transfer: Private Sector Development AFR Somalia $2,200,000.00 Re-engagement Program for Somalia - Phase I MDTF Transfer: Supplementary Contribution to PSD AFR Somalia $2,800,000.00 Strategy Initiative for Somalia Re-engagement Re-engagement Program for Somalia - Phase II Somalia Knowledge for Operations and Political AFR Somalia $2,000,000.00 Economy Program (SKOPE) S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 45 SPF GRANT LIST (continued) WB GRANT COUNTRY PROJECT PART OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVE REGION AMOUNT USD Somalia Knowledge for Operations and Political AFR Somalia $2,500,000.00 Strategy Initiative for Somalia Re-engagement Economy (AF) - Phase II Somalia Public Financial Management Capacity AFR Somalia $4,500,000.00 Strategy Initiative for Somalia Re-engagement Strengthening Project SPF Grant for Emergency Livestock Disease Surveil- AFR Somalia lance and control Promoting Competitive Meat $900,000.00 Industry Support to the Extended Program of Immunization AFR Somalia $499,990.00 in Somalia Support to the Information and Communication AFR Somalia $1,200,000.00 Strategy Initiative for Somalia Re-engagement Technologies Sector Support to the Information and Communication AFR Somalia $800,000.00 Strategy Initiative for Somalia Re-engagement Technologies Sector Strengthening Core Functions for Managing Resource AFR South Sudan $3,260,000.00 Dependence AFR Sudan Budget Capacity Strengthening Project $4,995,000.00 AFR Sudan Peace-Building for Development in Sudan $3,737,909.40 Peacebuilding for Development Project — Consolidating Peace and Supporting Opportunities for AFR Sudan $4,990,000.00 Phase II Parti cipative Governance and Growth Sustainable Livelihoods for Displaced and Vulnerable AFR Sudan $458,000.00 Communities in Eastern Sudan Sustainable Livelihoods for Displaced and Vulnerable AFR Sudan $2,622,000.00 Communities in Eastern Sudan AFR Togo Private Sector Revitalization $1,100,000.00 AFR Zimbabwe Agricultural Inputs Project $4,779,821.48 Beitbridge Emergency Water Supply and Sanitation AFR Zimbabwe $2,641,785.01 Project Papua New EAP Inclusive Development in Post-Conflict Bougainville $2,518,230.00 Guinea Encouraging More Resilient Communities in Conflict- EAP Philippines $345,485.00 affected Areas in the Philippines Encouraging More Resilient Communities in Conflict- EAP Philippines $424,113.45 affected Areas in the Philippines Encouraging More Resilient Communities in Conflict- EAP Philippines $1,799,711.00 affected Areas in the Philippines Regional - East Opportunities and Challenges for Aid Delivery in Sub- EAP $1,769,992.52 Asia National Conflict Areas Solomon Islands Mining Sector Technical Assistance EAP Solomon Islands $148,790.25 Project Solomon Islands Mining Sector Technical Assistance EAP Solomon Islands $728,787.16 Project EAP Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Rapid Employment Project $137,658.20 EAP Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Rapid Employment Project $4,771,250.00 Expanding Community Approaches in Conflict EAP Thailand $4,200,000.00 Situation in Southern Thailand EAP Thailand Piloting Community Approaches $541,245.80 EAP Thailand Piloting Community Approaches $1,892,640.70 46 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 SPF GRANT LIST (continued) WB GRANT COUNTRY PROJECT PART OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVE REGION AMOUNT USD ECA Armenia Youth Project - South Caucasus $1,000,000.00 ECA Strategic Initiative on Fragility and Conflict Europe and Strengthening Monitoring and Evaluation of Youth ECA $330,706.42 Central Asia Development Projects in Conflict-Affected Areas ECA Georgia Georgia IDP Community Development Project $2,074,802.23 ECA Georgia Youth Inclusion and Social Accountability $500,000.00 ECA Strategic Initiative on Fragility and Conflict ECA Kosovo Kosovo Social Inclusion and Local Development $4,902,762.00 ECA Kosovo Second Kosovo Youth Development $4,000,000.00 Social Cohesion Through Community-based ECA Kyrgyz Republic $2,000,000.00 ECA Strategic Initiative on Fragility and Conflict Development ECA Russia Promoting Youth Inclusion in the North Caucasus $1,000,000.00 ECA Strategic Initiative on Fragility and Conflict Transforming Citizen Security Institutions in Central LAC Central America Regional Citizen Security Knowledge Network $1,500,000.00 America's Northern Triangle Evaluation and knowledge Capture of the Colombia LAC Colombia $31,208.75 Protection of Land and Patrimony Assets Project MDTF Transfer: Colombia Peace and Post-Conflict LAC Colombia $4,000,000.00 Supporting peace transformation in Colombia Support MDTF LAC Colombia Protection of Patrimonial Assets $6,000,000.00 Transforming Citizen Security Institutions in Central LAC El Salvador Regional Program for Municipal Citizen Security $1,000,000.00 America's Northern Triangle Transforming Citizen Security Institutions in Central LAC Guatemala Regional Program for Municipal Citizen Security $1,000,000.00 America's Northern Triangle LAC Haiti Haiti Rural Water and Sanitation Project $4,626,643.04 LAC Haiti MDTF Transfer: Haiti Reconstruction TF $2,000,000.00 Regional Program for Municipal Citizen Security Transforming Citizen Security Institutions in Central LAC Honduras $1,500,000.00 - Honduras America's Northern Triangle S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 47 SPF GRANT LIST (continued) WB GRANT COUNTRY PROJECT PART OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVE REGION AMOUNT USD MENA Iraq Consultative Service Delivery Program (Phase II) $4,963,845.06 MENA Iraq Consultative Service Delivery Program (Phase III) $5,000,000.00 Delivering Legal Aid Services to Displaced Iraqis, MENA Jordan $1,827,530.00 Palestinians, and Poor Jordanians MENA Jordan MDTF Transfer: Jordan Emergency Services $10,000,000.00 Mitigating the Socio Economic Impact of Syrian MENA Jordan $299,608.51 Displacement MDTF transfer: Lebanon Syria Crisis Response Trust MENA Lebanon $10,000,000.00 Fund MENA Lebanon Nahr el-Bared Palestinian Refugee Camp $90,000.00 MENA Lebanon The National Volunteer Service Program $2,000,000.00 MENA Libya Transitional Assistance to Libya $3,000,000.00 Middle East and Mitigating the Socio Economic Impact of Syrian MENA $900,000.00 North Africa Displacement Middle East and Mitigating the Socio Economic Impact of Syrian MENA $900,000.00 North Africa Displacement Middle East and MENA Regional Perspectives on Iraqi Displacement $264,015.94 North Africa MENA Tunisia Participatory Service Delivery for Reintegration $5,000,000.00 West Bank and Abraham's Path: Economic Development Across MENA $2,324,008.00 Gaza Fragile Communities West Bank and Water Supply and Sanitation Improvements for West MENA $3,650,000.00 Gaza Bethlehem Villages SA Nepal Program to Promote the Demand of Good Governance $2,518,000.00 SA Nepal Program to Promote the Demand of Good Governance $1,292,891.66 Regional - South Restoring and Rebuilding Livelihoods through CDD SA $350,000.00 Asia Approaches in Conflict Settings Assessment of Lessons Learned in Livelihood Rehabili- WORLD World $230,000.00 tation for Refugees and Internally Displaced SPF RKL: Impact Evaluation in FCS – Towards a New WORLD World $350,000.00 Science of Delivery SPF RKL: Knowledge Exchange and Support for CDD WORLD World $327,000.00 Projects in FCS 48 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 S TAT E A N D P E A C E B U I L D I N G F U N D P I L O T M O N I T O R I N G D A S H B O A R D 2 0 1 4 49 The State and Peace-Building Fund Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 USA Telephone: +1 202 458 2426 Fax: +1 202 522 2266 email: spf@worldbank.org www.worldbank.org/fragilityandconflict © 2014, The World Bank 50 A R T F S C O R E C A R D 2 013