DAM REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (DRIP) II (Funded by World Bank) GAMBHIRI DAM ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT February 2020 (Draft Report) Office of Additional Chief Engineer Water Resources Department Government of Rajasthan Water Resources Zone, Udaipur-313001 Tel: 0294-2528265, e-mail: aceudr.wr@gmail.com CONTENTS Page No. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1 1.2 SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION – GAMBHIRI DAM 2 1.3 PURPOSE OF ESIA 7 1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF ESIA 7 CHAPTER 2: LEGAL, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS OF INDIAN REGULATION 8 2.2 APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS OF WB ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK 18 2.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 22 CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS 3.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 23 3.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 24 3.3 PROTECTED AREA 25 3.4 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 26 3.5 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT 28 CHAPTER 4: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 4.1 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION 29 CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS 5.1 ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF E&S RISK AND IMPACT (ESS 1) 31 5.2 LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS (ESS 2) 32 5.3 RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT (ESS 3) 33 5.4 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY (ESS 4) 36 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 37 6.2 MONITORING REPORTING AND BUDGETING 41 List of Tables Table 2.1: Applicable Analysis 9 Table 2.2: Relevance and requirements ESF Policy, Standards and Directives 19 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Selected Photographs of Improvement/Intervention Area 5 Figure 1.2: Project Area showing major intervention locations 6 Figure 3.1: Land Use and Land Cover Map of 5 Km radius around Dam site 23 Figure 3.2: Map showing distance of Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary from Gambhiri Dam 26 List of Annexures Annexure I: Socio-economic Profile of Proximity villages 42-50 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AIBP : Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program AIDS : Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ASHA : Accredited Social Health Activist ASI : Archaeological Survey of India AWS : Automatic Weather Station BOCWW : Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare CCA : Culturable Command Area CE : Chief Engineer CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board CPMU : Central Project Management Unit CRZ : Coastal Regulation Zone CWC : Central Water Commission DEIAA : District Environment Impact Assessment Authority DRIP : Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project EAP : Emergency Action Plan ERP : Emergency Response Procedure ESCP : Environmental and Social Commitment Plan ESF : Environment and Social Framework ESIA : Environment and Social Impact Assessment ESS : Environmental and Social Standard FI : Financial Intermediaries FSI : Forest Survey of India GBV : Gender Based Violence GCA : Gross Command Area GIS : Geographic Information System GRM : Grievance Redressal Mechanism HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICDS : Integrated Child Development Services ID&R : Investigation Design & Research IGND : Indira Gandhi Nahar Division IPF : Investment Project Financing IS : Indian Standards JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency JTU : Jackson Turbidity Unit LMP : Labour Management Procedure MCM : Million Cubic Meters MDDL : Minimum draw down Level MJSA : Mukhyamantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan MOEF&CC : Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change MSIHC : Manufacture Storage & Imports of Hazardous Chemicals MWL : Maximum Water Level NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards NH : National Highway NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Unit O&M : Operation & Maintenance OBC : Other Backward Class OHS : Occupational Health & Safety PD : Project Director PESO : Petroleum and Safety Origination PMKSY : Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana PMU : Project Management Unit PPE : Personal Protective Equipment PST : Project Screening Template PUC : Pollution Under Control PWD : Public Work Department RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete SC : Scheduled Castes SCADA : Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SEF : Stakeholder Engagement Framework SEIAA : State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SH : State Highway SHG : Self-Help Group SPCB : State Pollution Control Board SPMU : State Project Management Unit ST : Scheduled Tribe TMC : Thousand Million Cubic Feet WLS : Wildlife Sanctuary WRD : Water Resource Department Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW The proposed Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP-2) would complement the suite of ongoing and pipeline operations supporting India’s dam safety program. The project would continue to finance structural improvements but would break with the prevailing build-neglect-rebuild approach by giving greater emphasis to establishing sustainable mechanisms for financing regular O&M and dam rehabilitation, enhancing State capabilities to manage these critical assets through institutional strengthening, and introducing risk-informed dam safety management. The project development objective (PDO) is to increase the safety of selected dams and to strengthen institutional capacity for dam safety in participating States. Project Components include: Component 1: Institutional Strengthening (US$ 40 million): This component supports further strengthening of dam safety management in the country through institutional modernization. A major focus of activities under this component will be increasing the oversight of dam safety by developing dam safety guidelines and by strengthening the capacity of various dam safety actors to carry out the regulatory functions defined in the proposed Dam Safety Bill, which has been passed by the Lok Sabha. Component 2: Risk-informed Asset Management and Sustainable Financing (US$ 25 million): This component supports identifying long-term funding needs for dam safety based on asset management and risk assessment financing for dam safety. This component would focus on: (i) improving the efficiency of public financing; (ii) generating alternative revenue streams Alternative revenue streams that could be developed include tourism and water recreational activities, fisheries, and other innovative schemes such as floating solar panels; and (iii) establishing financing arrangements for dam safety (e.g., dedicated budget lines). Component 3: Rehabilitation of Dams and Appurtenant Structures (US$ 200 million): This component supports improving the safety of dams through structural and non-structural interventions. Structural measures could include measures for seepage reduction (e.g., grouting, geo-membranes), hydrological and structural safety measures (e.g., additional spillways, fuse plugs), enhancing the reliability of operational facilities (e.g., gates), rehabilitating foundation deficiencies, strengthening dam concrete/embankment structures, and improving basic dam facilities (e.g., access roads). Non-structural measures could include standardized dam safety instrumentation, monitoring, assessment and reporting protocols for dam health; flood forecasting and early warning systems; integrated reservoir operations including streamflow forecasting for climate resilient dam management; preparation and implementation of Emergency Action Plans (EAPs); preparation and implementation of sediment management plans; and revised operational rule curves to account for climate change. 1 Component 4: Project Management (US$ 15 million): This component will ensure effective implementation of project activities and monitoring and evaluating project implementation progress, outputs and outcomes. The component will support: (i) establishment of the Central Project Management Unit (CPMU), which will oversee and coordinate activities of the implementing agencies of the project, supported by a Engineering and Management Consultant (EMC), which is currently being procured; (ii) establishment and operations of State level Project Management Units (SPMUs) within State implementing agencies, which can hire experts in various fields as and when needed on a contractual basis; (iii) setting up of a monitoring and evaluation system; and (iv) establishment of a Quality Assurance and Quality Control system. This component will also finance consultancies, as well as related material, office equipment and incremental operating costs. The project will provide investment and technical support for the establishment of a Management Information System and Information and Communication Technology systems. 1.2 SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION – GAMBHIRI DAM The Gambhiri Medium Irrigation Project across Gambhiri river, a tributary of Banas river was constructed the year 1957 to create irrigation and drinking water supply capacity. The dam is located in Tehsil Nimbahera in Chittorgarh District of Rajasthan. The dam supplies industrial/domestic water to the tune of 0.51 MCM (industrial)/2.12 MCM (domestic) to J K Cement Ltd/Nimbahera besides Irrigation supplies to 10,000 ha Gross Command Area (7,575 ha CCA) through two main canals RMC and LMC. RMC is 34.80 km long with discharging capacity of 2.46 cumec and LMC is 40.20 km long with discharging capacity of 4.50 cumec. The Project site is 30 km from Chittorgarh and nearest Highway to Project is National Highway (NH 56). Salient features of the project area as reported below: Project Gambhiri Medium Irrigation Project River Gambhiri river, a tributary of Banas river Lat/Long 240 41' 58''/ 740 42' 52'' GCA 10000 ha CCA 7575 ha Annual industrial/domestic water 0.51 MCM (industrial)/2.12 MCM (domestic) supply Catchment Area 1036 sq km Main Dam Type Earthen Dam Length 3792 m Top elevation 434.90 m Height of dam above lowest river 18.34 m bed level Lowest river bed level 416.56 m Spillway Type of spillway gates Vertical and radial Length 642.4 m Location of spillway RD 3150 to RD 3792.40 m on Right flank Crest level 424.90 m Number of bays 52 Discharge capacity at MWL 3890 cumec Size of spillway gate 3.05 m wide and 2.05 m high Reservoir Maximum water level 433.40 m Full Reservoir Level 431.90 m MDDL 424.90 m 2 Live storage 53.48 MCM Gross storage 55.01 MCM Reservoir spread area 26 sq km Year of start of construction 1952 Date of completion 1957 Year of first impoundment 1957 View of the Dam Proposed Interventions/ Activities at Gambhiri Dam The following rehabilitation proposals have been formulated and same are described in PST. Present ESIA report has been prepared considering these proposals/interventions: Structural Rehabilitation Works Civil Work 1. Re-sectioning / Raising of Dam 2. Placing of Rip-rap 3. Turfing on Down Stream face 4. Repair of Energy Dissipating Arrangement 5. Measures for seepage reduction 6. Repair of spillway glacis, piers, block joints etc. 7. Improvement in foundation drainage 8. De-silting of dams & Catchment Area Treatment Plans CAT plans etc. 9. Others, if any (Survey work) Electromechanical Work 10. Repair of spillway gates & under sluice gates, hoisting parts. 11. Electrical works Basic Facilities Enhancement 12. Improvement existing access roads 13. Repair/modification of Building at dam site 14. Control room / Security rooms 15. Safety measures like siren, lightning arrestors etc. 3 Figures 1.1 and 1.2 provide photographs of key infrastructure proposed for rehabilitation works and also major interventions locations. Implementation Schedule Timelines for implementing above proposals has been proposed as 24 months. Damaged Sluice room Cracks in piers 4 Seepage through piers Disturbed Rip Rap Disturbed D/S EW profile Disturbed U/S EW profile Longitudinal crack Cracks in Abutment Figure 1.1: Selected Photographs of Improvement/Intervention area 5 Figure 1.2: Project Area showing major intervention locations 6 1.3 PURPOSE OF ESIA The overall project (DRIP II) was categorized as High Risk as per the internal Environment and Social Risk Classification of the Bank. Hence, a separate agency was contracted to conduct the Environment and Social Impact Assessment to use it as tool for decision- making on the sub-project. Specifically, the objective of the ESIA is: i. To identify, evaluate and manage the environment and social risks and impacts of the project in a manner consistent with the ESSs; ii. To adopt a mitigation hierarchy approach to the project’s Environment & Social (E&S) risks i.e. a) anticipate and avoid risks and impacts; b) minimize or reduce risks and impacts to acceptable levels, if not avoidable; c) once risks and impacts have been minimized or reduced, mitigate; and (d) where significant residual impacts remain, compensate for or offset them, where technically and financially feasible; iii. To help identify differentiated impacts on the disadvantaged or vulnerable and to identify differentiated measures to mitigate such impacts, wherever applicable; iv. To assess the relevance and applicability of environmental and social institutions, systems, laws, regulations and procedures in the assessment, development and implementation of projects, whenever appropriate; identify gaps, if any exist, and v. To assess borrower’s existing capacity, gaps therein, and identify areas for enhanced capacity towards management of E&S risks 1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF ESIA The following approach has been adopted for ESIA: i. Study sub-project information, proposed interventions, their magnitude and locations and carry out assessment of each proposed intervention to identify the magnitude of risk and impacts ii. Conduct site visit to understand baseline environment and social settings, proposed activities under the sub-project, their location and sensitivity, if any. iii. Conduct stakeholder consultations to help identify potential stakeholders; to provide information on the proposed interventions; to identify issues and concerns; and finally ascertain appropriate mechanisms for continued engagement iv. Prepare baseline data essential for impact assessment in immediate vicinity area of proposed interventions from secondary sources, such as land-use, protected areas in vicinity, habitation, access roads, ascertain presence of indigenous (scheduled tribe)/vulnerable people, etc. v. Review relevance and applicability of national and state legal requirements and Bank’s ESF policy, standards and directives and preliminary assessment of impacts as per ESS framework (2-8), suggest mitigation measures in accordance with the requirements of each applicable standard; vi. Undertake institutional assessment to identify existing capacities & relevant gaps to manage E&S risks and impacts All formats used for collection of the above information, checklists used for consultations and photographs towards preparation of the Draft ESIA report are in the project files 7 Chapter LEGAL, REGULATORY AND 2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK India has well defined environmental and social regulatory framework. The regulation applicability depends on nature of work and location of work. Broadly legislation can be divided into four categories viz environmental, social, wildlife protection, and forests conservation. The applicability of environmental laws to dam are mostly at setting up new dams compared to rehabilitation stage. The applicability analysis of regulations pertaining to all the above four categories is carried out and summarized at section 2.1. Central Water Commission, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India has also prepared “Operational Procedures for Assessing and Managing Environmental Impacts in Existing Dam Projects” as a guiding document for the dam owners to systematically address in advance the environmental safeguard requirements and have discussed in detail all applicable legal requirement. Reference has been drawn from this document as well while carrying out applicability analysis. The World Bank ESF comprises 10 ESSs (ESS1 to ESS10) and 2 Directives. The applicability of each standard to the proposed rehabilitation proposals and standard specific requirements is analysed and presented at Section 2.2. 2.1 APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS OF INDIAN REGULATION The regulatory applicability analysis to the proposed rehabilitation work has been carried out considering nature of improvements, methodology of construction/improvement, material requirement, sourcing and transportation mode, and waste generation. The regulatory applicability analysis is summarised at Table 2.1 below. 8 Table 2.1: Applicability Analysis S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability 1 Environment Protection To protect and improve overall Yes Applicable to all None MoEF&CC Act/Rules-1986 environment activities in general 2 The Forest (Conservation) To help conserve the country's forests. No No diversion of forest None Forest Department Act, 1980 and amendments It strictly restricts and regulates the de- land involved and The Forest reservation of forests or use of forest (conservation) Rules 1981 land for non-forest purposes without and amendments the prior approval of the Government. To this end the Act lays down the pre- requisites for the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes 3 Rajasthan Forest Act, 1953 Conservation of forest and control No No tree will be felled None Forest Department felling of trees for proposed intervention 4 Coastal Regulation Zone To regulate development activities No Project is not located None SCZMA, (CRZ) notification 2011 and within the 500 m of high tide line in in coastal area amendment till date coastal zone and 100 m of tidal influence rivers. 5 Air (Prevention and Control An act to prevent and control Air Yes Air pollution from Consent to SPCB of Pollution) Act, 1981, 1987 pollution proposed activities establish and During construction operate by stage contractor for operation of Dg sets and any other air pollution system like ready mix plant etc. 6 Water Prevention and An act to prevent and control water Yes Water pollution from Consent to SPCB Control of Pollution) Act, pollution. proposed activities establish and 1974, 1988 during construction operate by stage contractor for setting up construction camp/labour camp 7 Noise Pollution (Regulation Ambient Noise Standards for different Yes Noise emission from None CPCB & SPCB and Control Act) 2000 and areas and zones proposed activities 9 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability amendment till date during construction stage like operation of DG sets 8 Hazardous & Other Waste ( Protection to general public against Yes Hazardous waste Authorisation for SPCB Management and Trans- improper handling storage and disposal generation from handling of boundary Movement) of hazardous waste. The rules prescribe proposed activities hazardous wastes Rules, 2016 the management requirement of like generation of hazardous wastes from its generation paints waste to final disposal. 9 Manufacture Storage, & Usage and storage of hazardous Yes Painting is proposed Arrange MSDS and Chief Inspector of imports of Hazardous substances which will require use store quantity of Factories Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, of solvents/thinners hazardous 1989 as amended till date which will falls under chemicals below hazardous chemicals threshold quantity category 10 The Batteries (Management To regulate the disposal and recycling No Batteries will not be None SPCB and Handling) Rules 2001 of lead acid batteries used for proposed activities 11 Construction and Demolition To manage the demolition and Yes Construction and Contractor needs Local bodies of the Waste Management Rules , construction waste and prevent demolition waste will to submit plan for area 2016 environmental degradation be generated from reuse or safe proposed activities disposal 12 Solid Waste Management To manage solid waste or semi-solid Yes Solid Waste will be Contractor needs Local bodies of the Rules, 2016 domestic waste, sanitary waste, generated from to submit plants area proposed activities for its safe due to influx of disposal/burial labour 13 Motor Vehicle Act 1988 and To minimize the road accidents, Yes Transportation of None Motor Vehicle amendment till date penalizing the guilty, provision of manpower and Department compensation to victim and family and material (Licensing authority, check vehicular air and noise pollution. registration authority &State Transport Authorities) 14 The Gas Cylinder Rules 2016 To regulate the storage of gas / Yes gas cylinders will be None PESO possession of gas cylinder more than used during welding the exempted quantity. and other 10 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability electromechanical work. Storage within threshold quantity and as per capability analysis. Handling with define safe practices 15 Ancient Monuments and Conservation of cultural and historical Yes Presence of historical None Archaeological Archaeological Sites and remains found in India. sites of archaeological Dept. Gol Remains Act, 1958 importance 16 Building and Other To regulate the employment and Yes Involvement of None Labour Construction Workers conditions of service of buildings and workforce/labour Commissioner (Regulation of Employment other construction workers and to and Conditions of Service) provide for their safety, health and Act, 1996 welfare measures and for other matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 17 Plastic waste management To manage the plastic waste generated Yes Plastic waste None Local bodies of the Rules, 2016 so as it does not affect the water generation from area pipeline, animals and other proposed activities. environmental components Safe disposal as per Rules 18 E-Waste Management Rules, Protection of environment against Yes E-waste generation None CPCB &SPCB 2016 improper handling storage and disposal from replacement of of hazardous waste. instrumentation. Safe disposal as per rules 19 Rajasthan Minor, Mineral Control of extraction, collection and Yes requirement of None Mines Department/ Concession Rules, 2017 removal of minor minerals construction material DEIAA/SEIAA from quarries and borrow areas 20 The Right to Fair Regulates land acquisition and lays No Land Acquisition is None Revenue Compensation and down the procedure and rules for not involved Department/District Transparency in Land granting compensation, rehabilitation Administration Acquisition, Rehabilitation and resettlement to the affected and Resettlement Act, 2013 persons 21 Rights of Persons with Ensures that the Persons with Disability Yes Persons with None 11 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability Disabilities Act, 2016 (PWD) enjoy the right to equality, life disability with dignity, and respect for his or her own integrity equally with others. 22 Right To Information Act, Mandates timely response to citizen Yes Borrower is None Any Government 2005 requests for government information government Department organization 23 Article 366 (25) of the Defines following essential No Dam is not located in None Government of Constitution of India characteristics, for a community to be Scheduled Area India Article 244(1) of Constitution identified as Scheduled Tribes are; of India - The Fifth Schedule • Indications of primitive traits; under Article 244(1) of a • Distinctive culture; subsequent Act of • Shyness of contact with the Constitution community at large; “Scheduled Areas” as such • Geographical isolation; and areas as the President may • Backwardness. by order declare to be Scheduled Areas after The criteria for declaring any area as a consultation with Governor “Scheduled Area” under the Fifth of that State. Schedule are; (a) preponderance of tribal population, (b) compactness and reasonable size of the area, (c) a viable administrative entity such as a district, block or Taluka, and (d) economic backwardness of the area as compared to the neighbouring areas. 24 Scheduled Tribes and Other To recognize and vest the forest rights No No such activities are None Ministry of Tribal Traditional Forest Dwellers and occupation in forest land in forest proposed Affairs (Recognition of Forest dwelling STs and other traditional Rights) Act, 2006 forest dwellers who are residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded. Its objective is to facilitate the overall development and welfare of the tribal people by empowering them socially, 12 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability economically, politically without any impact on their culture, habitation and tradition and in terms of their age old rights and privileges. 25 Panchayats (Extension to the The Gram Sabha or the Panchayats at No No structural None Concerned State Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 the appropriate level shall be consulted intervention is Government and before making the acquisition of land in planned. Only Tribal Welfare the Scheduled Areas for development projects and before re-settling or awareness generation Department rehabilitating persons affected by such on EAP preparation projects in the Scheduled Areas. and implementation shall take place in these areas. 26 Major Labour Laws Applicable To Establishments Engaged In Building And Other Construction Work 1 Employees Compensation The Act provides for compensation in Yes Contractor/Labour None Commissioner for Act 1923 case of injury, disease or death arising engagement Workmen’s out of and during the course of Compensation employment. 2 Payment of Gratuity Act Gratuity is payable to an employee Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief Labour 1972 under the Act on satisfaction of certain engagement Commissioner conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years’ service or more or on death at the rate of 15 days wages for every completed year of service. The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 10 or more employees. 3 Employees P.F. and The Act provides for monthly Yes Contractor/Labour None Ministry of Labour Miscellaneous Provision Act contribution by the employer plus engagement 1952 (since amended) workers @ 10% or 8.33%. The benefits payable under the Act are: 4 Maternity Benefit Act 1961 The Act provides for leave and some Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief Labour other benefits to women employees in engagement Commissioner case of confinement or miscarriage etc. 5 Sexual Harassment of This Act defines sexual harassment in Yes Contractor/Labour None District Officer 13 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability Women at the Workplace the workplace, provides for an enquiry engagement (District Magistrate (Prevention, Prohibition and procedure in case of complaints and or Additional Redressal) Act, 2013 mandates the setting up of an Internal District Magistrate Complaints Committee or a Local or the Collector or Complaints Committee Deputy Collector) 6 Contract Labour (Regulation The Act provides for certain welfare Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour & Abolition) Act 1970 measures to be provided by the engagement Commissioner Contractor to contract labour and in case the Contractor fails to provide, the same are required to be provided, by the Principal Employer by law. The Principal Employer is required to take Certificate of Registration and the Contractor is required to take license from the designated Officer. The Act is applicable to the establishments or Contractor of Principal Employer if they employ 20 or more contract labour. 7 Minimum Wages Act 1948 The Employer is supposed to pay not Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour less than the Minimum Wages fixed by engagement Commissioner appropriate Government as per provisions of the Act if the employment is a scheduled employment. Construction of Buildings, Roads, Runways are scheduled employments. 8 Payment of Wages Act 1936 It lays down the mode, manner and by Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour what date the wages are to be paid, engagement Commissioner what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers. 9 Equal Remuneration Act The Act provides for payment of equal Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour 1976 wages for work of equal nature to male engagement Commissioner and female workers and for not making discrimination against Female employees in the matters of transfers, training and promotions etc. 10 Payment of Bonus Act 1965 The Act is applicable to all Yes Contractor/Labour Chief labour establishments employing 20 or more engagement Commissioner 14 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability employees. Some of the State Governments have reduced this requirement from 20 to 10. The Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a minimum of 8.33% of the wages drawn in the relevant year. It applies to skilled or unskilled manual, supervisory, managerial, administrative, technical or clerical work for hire or reward to employees who draw a salary of Rs. 10,000/- per month or less. To be eligible for bonus, the employee should have worked in the establishment for not less than 30 working days in the relevant year. The Act does not apply to certain establishments. 11 Industrial Disputes Act 1947 the Act lays down the machinery and Yes Contractor/Labour None Ministry of Labour procedure for resolution of Industrial engagement and Employment disputes, in what situations, a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment. 12 Trade Unions Act 1926 The Act lays down the procedure for Yes Contractor/Labour None Ministry of Labour registration of trade unions of engagement and Employment workmen and employers. The Trade Unions registered under the Act have been given certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities. 13 Child Labour (Prohibition & The Act prohibits employment of Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour Regulation) Act 1986 children below 14 years of age in engagement Commissioner certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of Child Labour is prohibited in the Building and 15 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability Construction Industry. 14 Inter-State Migrant The Act is applicable to an Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour workmen’s (Regulation of establishment which employs 5 or engagement Commissioner Employment & Conditions of more inter-state migrant workmen Service) Act 1979 through an intermediary (who has recruited workmen in one state for employment in the establishment situated in another state). The Inter- State migrant workmen, in an establishment to which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home up to the establishment and back, etc. 15 The Building and Other All the establishments who carry on Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour Construction Workers any building or other construction work engagement Commissioner (Regulation of Employment and employ 10 or more workers are and Conditions of Service) covered under these Acts. All such Act 1996 and the Building establishments are required to pay cess and Other Construction at the rate not exceeding 2% of the Workers Welfare Cess Act, cost of construction as may be notified 1996 (BOCWW Cess Act) by the Government. The Employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as Canteens, First – Aid facilities, Ambulance, Housing accommodations for workers near the work place etc. The Employer to whom the Act applies has to obtain a registration certificate from the Registering Officer appointed by the Government. 16 Factories Act 1948 the Act lays down the procedure for Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief Inspector of approval of plans before setting up a engagement Factories factory engaged in manufacturing 16 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability processes, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours, annual earned leave and rendering information regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated authorities. It is applicable to premises employing 10 persons or more with aid of power or 20 or more persons without the aid of power. 17 Bonded Labour System The Act provides for the abolition of Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour (Abolition) Act, 1976 bonded labour system with a view to engagement Commissioner preventing the economic and physical exploitation of weaker sections of society. Bonded labour covers all forms of forced labour, including that arising out of a loan, debt or advance. 18 Employer’s Liability Act, This Act protects workmen who bring Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour 1938 suits for damages against employers in engagement Commissioner case of injuries endured in the course of employment. Such injuries could be on account of negligence on the part of the employer or persons employed by them in maintenance of all machinery, equipment etc. in healthy and sound condition. 19 Employees State Insurance The Act provides for certain benefits to Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour Act 1948 insured employees and their families in engagement Commissioner case of sickness, maternity and disablement arising out of an employment injury. The Act applies to all employees in factories (as defined) or establishments which may be so notified by the appropriate Government. The Act provides for the setting up of an Employees’ State Insurance Fund, which is to be administered by the Employees State 17 S. No. Legislation Purpose Applicability Reason Type of Administrative permit/specific Authority action and stage of applicability Insurance Corporation. Contributions to the Fund are paid by the employer and the employee at rates as prescribed by the Central Government. The Act also provides for benefits to dependents of insured persons in case of death as a result of an employment injury. 20 The Personal Injuries This Act provides for the employer’s Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour (Compensation Insurance) liability and responsibility to pay engagement Commissioner Act, 1963 compensation to employees where workmen sustain personal injuries in the course of employment. 21 Industrial Employment It is applicable to all establishments Yes Contractor/Labour None Chief labour (Standing Order) Act 1946 employing 100 or more workmen engagement Commissioner (employment size reduced by some of the States and Central Government to 50). The Act provides for laying down rules governing the conditions of employment by the Employer on matters provided in the Act and get the same certified by the designated Authority. 2.2 APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS OF WB ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STANDARDS The World Bank Environmental and Social Framework comprises Policy, 10 standards and 2 Directives. The applicability of these standard vary depending on nature of activities. This applicability analysis is presented at Table 2.2 below. Table 2.2: Relevance and requirements ESF Policy, Standards and Directives ESF Policy, Standards Applicable Activities Applicability / Requirements and Directives & Guidelines ESS1: Assessment and All projects, sub-projects and associated Applicable Management of facilities (a) Conduct an environmental and social assessment of the proposed project, Environmental and including stake- holder engagement; 18 ESF Policy, Standards Applicable Activities Applicability / Requirements and Directives & Guidelines Social Risks and (b) Undertake stakeholder engagement and disclose appropriate information in Impacts accordance with ESS10; (c) Develop an ESCP, and implement all measures and actions set out in the legal agreement including the ESCP; and (d) Conduct monitoring and reporting on the environmental and social performance of the project against the ESSs ESS2: Labour and Engagement of labour for various civil, paint Applicable Working Conditions and electro-mechanical or any other activities Preparation of Labour Management Procedures applicable to the project. as part of rehabilitation proposal. It applies to project workers including full- time, part-time, Preparation of Grievance Mechanism and sharing with all the workers temporary, seasonal and migrant workers. It covers working conditions, protecting Design and Implement OHS measures workforce, Grievance Mechanism and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). ESS3: Resource Resource consumption and pollution Applicable Efficiency, Pollution generation from proposed activities (civil, Prevention and electromechanical and paint work). This To assess the resource requirement and implement technically and financially Management includes both hazardous and non- hazardous feasible measures for improving efficient consumption of energy, water and raw chemical pollutants in the solid, liquid, or materials, as well as other resources. gaseous phases Preparation of Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention Plan to assess and minimize/control the concentration of release of pollutants to air, water and land due to routine, non-routine, and accidental circumstances, and with the potential for local, regional, and transboundary impacts. ESS 4: Community Applies to potential risks and impacts on Applicable Health and Safety communities that may be affected by project Pollution prevention from project activities and labour colony activities such as transportation of material to project site through village roads, labour Managing traffic and road safety on village roads during transportation of material colony housing migrant workers near the project site, pollution generation from civil and Preparation of Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) to prevent injuries to health electro-mechanical work. and safety of the community during and emergency event arising from both natural and man-made hazards, typically in the form of fire, explosions, leaks or spills ESS 5: Land Acquisition, Applies to permanent or temporary physical Not Applicable Restrictions on Land and economic displacement resulting from land use and Involuntary acquisition or restrictions on land use Proposed interventions are limited to the existing dam and will take place on the Resettlement undertaken or imposed in connection with existing dam structure and within its premises. None of the proposed structural project implementation. interventions, does not involve acquisition of private land and/or private assets. These activities in no way cause restriction on access to land or use of resources by 19 ESF Policy, Standards Applicable Activities Applicability / Requirements and Directives & Guidelines local communities and there is no economic displacement envisaged due to the sub-project. ESS 6: Biodiversity Applies to all projects that potentially affect Not Applicable - The present interventions do not involve any tree cutting or Conservation and biodiversity or habitats, either positively or impacting any forest area in any way. There is no national park/wildlife sanctuary Sustainable negatively, directly or indirectly, or that depend within 10 Km of the project. Management of Living upon biodiversity for their success. Natural resources ESS 7: Indigenous Applies to traditional communities or schedule Not Applicable - The project interventions do not directly or indirectly impact Peoples/Sub-Saharan tribes, if they are present or have collective schedule tribe. Though there are scheduled tribe population in the downstream, African Historically attachment to a proposed project area, as assessment indicates that they are mainstreamed into overall society and do not Underserved Tradition determined during the environmental and possess characteristics as outlined under this standard. These groups will be Local Communities social assessment. This ESS applies regardless involved in non-structural interventions such as in the preparation of the of whether such Communities are affected Emergency Action Plans. positively or negatively, and regardless of the significance of any such impacts. ESS 8: Cultural Heritage Applies to all projects that are likely to have Not Applicable - Project is not directly or indirectly impacting any cultural heritage. risks/impacts on cultural heritage ESS 9: Financial Applies to Financial Intermediaries (FIs) that Not Applicable - Project does not have any FIs Intermediaries receive financial support from the Bank. FIs include public and private financial services providers, including national and regional development banks, which channel financial resources to a range of economic activities across industry sectors. ESS 10: Stakeholder Applies to all projects supported by the Bank Applicable for the dam as a whole and in particular in relation to the non-structural Engagement and through Investment Project Financing. The interventions involving Early flood Warning system having siren systems, Information Disclosure Borrower will engage with stakeholders as an broadcasting facilities, etc. integral part of the project’s environmental and Preparation of Stakeholder Engagement Plan social assessment and project design and Establishment of a project level GRM implementation Environmental and This Directive applies to the Bank and sets out Applies to Bank in addressing E&S aspects of this project Social Directive for the mandatory requirements for the Investment Project implementation of the Environmental and Social Financing Policy for Investment Project Financing (IPF). Bank Directive This Directive establishes directions for Bank Applies to Bank in addressing E&S risks and impacts on disadvantaged and Addressing Risks and staff regarding due diligence obligations relating vulnerable persons or groups that are identified in this project. Impacts on to the identification of, and mitigation of risks Disadvantaged or and impacts on, individuals or groups who, 20 ESF Policy, Standards Applicable Activities Applicability / Requirements and Directives & Guidelines Vulnerable Individuals because of their particular circumstances, may or Groups be disadvantaged or vulnerable World Bank’s Guidance The document provides guidelines to address Not applicable as even though influx of skilled migrant labour in construction note on managing the issues and risks arising from influx of migrant works is likely, these labor will operate within the dam premises which is a risks of adverse labour leading to gender-based violence, etc. restricted access zone and distant from habitations. However, GBV related impacts on clauses would be included in the bid documents and sensitization/awareness communities from trainings would be provided to all dam personnel, contractors, etc. during temporary project implementation induced labor influx, 2016 21 2.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK The sub-project will be implemented by Water Resources Department (WRD, Rajasthan. The department has two distinct divisions – IGND (Indira Gandhi Nahar Division) and Water Resources Division. Water Resources Division who will be responsible for implementing the project is headed by Principal Secretary. The mandate of WRD is: • Construction of major, medium and minor irrigation projects, • Operation and maintenance of existing tanks, canals and other irrigation structures are the prime function of the Irrigation Department. • Flood control measures and floods related remedial measures are also assigned to the Irrigation Department. • Construction of irrigation structures under various special schemes like PMKSY, MJSA, AIBP, JICA etc. are entrusted to the Irrigation department. • Collection of revenue pertaining to sale of water from tanks irrigating more than 1000 ha. of land is done by the Irrigation Department. However, collection of irrigation charges in respect of tanks Engineering irrigating less than 1000 ha. is assigned to the Patwaris of the Revenue Department. • Construction and maintenance of the rest houses of irrigation department, office buildings, residential buildings of the staff, gardens, parks, roads etc. Specifically, in respect of capacity to address E&S issues, WRD Rajasthan do not have in- house expertise. Chief Engineer at SPMU and Executive Engineer at dam level look after all the aspects. Presently, no formal system is established for dealing with external complaints. 22 Chapter ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL 3 CONDITIONS The baseline conditions are analysed based on secondary information and site observations and are presented in following order Physical, Biological, Protected area and Socio- economic profile. 3.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Land Use/ Land Cover The project surrounding area land use and environmental sensitivity was analysed using Remote Sensing & GIS techniques and drawing 5 km radius land use/ land cover map presented at Figure 3.1. As can be seen from the map, present land use upstream of dam is waterbody (reservoir), on downstream side along both the banks there is agricultural area. However, as discussed under Chapter 1 about project description, the project activities will be confined to dam body only and no structural interventions are proposed beyond existing dam boundaries. Villages in proximity i.e. within 5 km distance from dam on downstream side have been identified as Kriparam Kheri, Pemandiya Khera, Motha, Arniya, Arnoda, Mohammadpura, Bhoojiya Kheri, Tai and Baroli Ghata of Chittorgarh District. Figure 3.1: Land Use and Land Cover Map around Dam site 23 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Site-specific data of ambient air quality and sound levels at project site is not available. However, general observation is made during site visit that area is free of air and noise pollution. This is substantiated by the fact that the dam is away from habitation, traffic and industries and are no anthropogenic sources of air/noise pollution in the vicinity. Road to dam site is private and public access is restricted. Therefore, ambient air is clean and sound levels are observed low. They are expected to be well within the prescribed limits. Water Quality Water quality has been given in PST based on test results carried out on 16/08/2018. Same has been described below for main parameters: Water Quality of Gambhiri Desirable limits(as per IS- S. No. Parameter River 10,500:2012) 1. pH 7.6 6.5-8.5 2. TDS 390 500 3. Turbidity (NTU) 4 1 4. Total Alkalinity 110 200 (CaCO3) 5. Total Hardness 70 200 6 Chlorides as Cl 90 250 7 Nitrates as NO3 3 45 8 Fluorides 0.4 1.5 9 BOD 3 As can be seen from the data, the water quality is reasonably good. This water after treatment is used for drinking water supply. All parameters are within permissible limits as per Drinking Water Quality Standards (as per IS-10,500:2012) Natural Hazards Potential of natural hazards such as flooding and earthquake is not significant. Spillway capacity of the project at MWL is 3890 cumec while the revised design flood has been worked as 3989 cumec which is not much different. Project falls in earthquake zone II, there is no revision and dam design has taken care of this aspect as well. Bureau of Indian Standards [IS 1893 (Part I):2002], has grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone II, III, IV and V. Zone II is the least active and Zone V is the most active. 3.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Flora The district situated in the junction of the Aravali mountain ranges and the Malwa Plateau area. The forest found in the area is classified as Dry tropical forests, which is further 24 diversified into group 5- Tropical dry deciduous forest with 5A- Southern tropical dry deciduous forest (including C1-dry teak bearing forest) and 5B- Northern tropical dry deciduous forest (including C2 –northern dry mixed deciduous forest) (Champion and Seth 1968). Vegetation in the area mainly represented by Acacia leucophloea, Acacia nilotica, Anogeissus latifolia, Anogeissus pendula, Balanites aegyptiaca, Boswellia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Madhuca indica, Tectona grandis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Feronia lemonia, Butea superba, Calotropis acia, Carvia callosa, Cordia crenata. etc. (Shetty and Singh, 1987; Meena, 2014; Meena, 2012). Fauna Forests in the area support to birds and wild animals like Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Langur (Presbytis entellus), Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata), Stripped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Jackal (Canis aureus), Indian fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Indian Hare (Lepus nigricolis), Rat (Rattus rattus), Grey musk shrew (Suncus murinus) and Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) along with Baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus), Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), Black drongo (Dicrurus macrocerus), Greater coucal (Centropus sinensis), Grey francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus), Common crow (Corvus splendens) etc. Raptors diversity is good in the forest area. Fruits bats presence was also noticed in buffer zone. Apart from this, some snake species like Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosa), Common boa (Boa constricta) and Indian Cobra (Naja naja) were noticed. In Lizards, Brahminy Skink (Mabuya carinata), Rock gecko (Hemidactylus maculatus), House lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) were also reported from the area. Fish & Fisheries Gambhir is a perennial river harbour good diversity of freshwater fisheries. Gambhir Dam (reservoir) support commercial fishing in the area. Some common fish species reported from the gambhir river in the area are Channa punctatus (Snake head fish), Catla catla (Indian Carp), Labeo rohita (Rohu), Cyprinus carpio (Common carp), Gambusia affinis (Mosquito fish), Cirrhinus reba (Reba Carp) and Wallago attu (Lanchi). 3.3 PROTECTED AREA Nearest Protected Area Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary is about 27.70 km from the Gambhiri dam location of the Project. The location of Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary in relation to Gambhiri dam Project is shown below. 25 Figure 3.2: Map showing distance of Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary from Gambhiri Dam 3.4 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT The dam is located in the district Chittorgarh. Nine villages namely Kriparam Kheri, Pemandiya Khera, Motha, Arniya, Arnoda, Mohammadpura, Bhoojiya Kheri, Tai and Baroli Ghata have been identified as falling in 5 km area on the downstream side of the dam. The project area does not fall within the ‘Schedule V1’ areas of the area. Pratapgarh tehsil in Chittorgarh district is in Schedule V area while the project is in Nimbaheda tehsil and is far away from Pratapgarh tehsil border. The district has ten sub-divisions i.e. ten Tehsil Headquarters. The brief demographic characteristic of the district is given in the table below: No. of Households 3,29,119 Household Size 5 Total Population 15,44,338 Population (0-6 age) 2,12,507 Male 7,83,171 Boys (0-6 age) 1,11,120 Female 7,61,167 Girls (0-6 age) 1,01,387 1 Scheduled Areas are areas in India with a preponderance of tribal population subject to a special governance mechanism wherein the central government plays a direct role in safeguarding cultural and economic interests of scheduled tribes in the area. 26 Sex Ratio 972 Sex Ratio (0-6) 912 Population (SC) 2,50,224 Population (ST) 2,01,546 Male 1,26,748 Male 1,01,893 Female 1,23,476 Female 99,653 Literates 8,21,825 Literacy Rate 61.7 Male 5,14,851 Male 76.6 Female 3,06,974 Female 46.5 No. of Workers 8,02,755 Cultivators 4,53,201 (56.5%) Male 4,56,632 Agricultural Labours 1,23,469 (15.4%) Female 3,46,123 Household Industrial 15,435 (1.9%) Workers No. of Main Workers 6,56,904 Other Workers 2,10,650 (26.2%) No. of Marginal Workers 1,45,851 Source: Census of India, 2011 (District Handbook) Data on population, occupation and amenities of vicinity villages have been compiled from Census of India, 2011 (See Annexure I for details). According to Census 2011, total population of the study area has been worked out to 6,043. The gender wise distribution of the above population is 3,088 (51.10%) male and 2,955 (48.90%) female. The overall sex ratio of the study area has been worked out to 957 females per 1,000 males. Total population of the study area is distributed into different social groups like Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and General Category (including OBC). The share of these social groups’ population to the total population of the study area is 19.89%, 17.39% and 62.72% respectively. In the study area, 55.67% of the population is literate in which male literates are 64.00% and that of females are 36.00%. The overall literacy rate in the study area has been worked out to 63.86%. The male literacy rate is 80.43% and female literacy rate is 46.74%, creating a gender gap in literacy rate of 33.69%. The economic classification of workers as per Census 2011 is saying that total number of workers in the study area is 3,603 which constitute 59.62% of the total population. Of the total workers, 50.21% are males and remaining 49.79% are females. In absolute term, total number of male workers is 1,809 and that of female is 1,794. The gender gap in work participation rate is only 0.42%. Agriculture and allied activities are the main occupation & sources of livelihood and income for most of the local people in the study area. Rabi and Kharif, both are the main crops. Wheat, gram, bajra, barley, jowar, guar, moong, moth, methi, isabgol are the main crops from production point of view in the study area. Vegetable and fruits are also being produced in the study area. Apart from this, other people are engaged in household industries and ancillary works. 27 Basic amenities like water supply for drinking and other uses is available with various sources such as Tap (Treated & Un-treated), Well (Covered & Un-covered), Hand Pump, Tube wells and Tank etc. Electricity is available for domestic, agriculture and commercial or industrial uses in almost all over the study area. 3.5 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT As per list of National Monuments in Rajasthan and list of State Protected monuments in Rajasthan; there are no protected monuments in and around dam site i.e. within 10 km radius of dam site. 28 Chapter 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 4.1 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION Stakeholder consultations were conducted as part of environmental and social impact assessments. The purpose was to: a) provide initial information to the communities on the proposed project interventions, particularly the non-structural interventions; b) help identify potential stakeholders who are involved at this stage and will be involved at a later stage with specific focus on women, differently abled and other marginalised sections of the community; c) ascertain if there are any pending legacy issues relating to displacement, resettlement, etc; d) elicit their responses in relation to key non-structural interventions such as early warning systems, emergency action plans; e) identify mechanisms that would be deployed to engage with different stakeholders, particularly communities living downstream A stakeholder consultation meeting was conducted at dam site on 18/01/2020. It was attended by permanent staff of the borrower (WRD) working at dam, workers from nearby villages; persons whose families were displaced at the time of construction of the dam and now are resettled in the nearby areas. 29 Following is the outcome of the stakeholder consultation meeting: 1. The participants informed that the dam is one of the oldest and requires immediate repairs. They are for long have been informed about the proposals of repair work but are unhappy that it is not attended to yet. 2. The participants mentioned about recent season where the dam gates operation was critically executed as 3 gates turned into inoperable condition. This may put the dam at risk and downstream habitations may face possibility of flooding. The interventions ‘on’ the Dam body and connected facilities are stated to be essential for enhanced safety of the dam. 3. No separate grievance redressal, complaints mechanism etc are available at site. The staff opined that SPMU provides necessary support in this regard. 4. Dam is visited by around 8000-10000 tourists annually, the maximum tourist density being during the monsoon season. The participants expressed that, a few essential amenities including security arrangements would be helpful to the visitors from the nearby areas. 5. The dam team is fully conversant with the interventions proposed in the PST and the execution plan. Staff may be provided with awareness/operational training on ESF and related compliances prior to procurement process. 6. The participants at location affirmatively communicated that they are aware of the proposed works being taken up with WB support and they do not expect any impact on workers/surrounding population. 7. Seepage from the bund is highlighted in the discussions for immediate attention. 8. Administration opined that the fishing revenue is provided to dam to attend to maintained and operational requirements. Based on these findings relating to both structural and non-structural interventions, potential stakeholders were categorized as follows: Affected, Other interested stakeholders, and disadvantaged and vulnerable stakeholders Affected parties: There are no affected persons who shall be directly or indirectly adversely affected by the proposed interventions. Other interested stakeholders: In relation to structural interventions, these would be potential contractors, Project Management consultants, either regulatory bodies/institutional stakeholders such as Revenue, Environmental Authorities, etc. In relation to non-structural interventions, these would include: communities living downstream including farmers; fishing communities; village heads (Sarpanchs), community leaders; district administration; police, state disaster management authority, revenue department; electronic and print media, etc. These communities would be key stakeholders requiring to be involved in the preparation and implementation of EAP. Disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and groups: Illiterate persons, physically challenged, women and elderly would be key stakeholders – requiring special focus and outreach to ensure that they are well informed about the provisions of the EAP. The proposed structural interventions are extremely localized in nature and will be carried out in areas of restricted access – as normally all dams are. These structural interventions will not result in any project interface with local communities, the overall GBV rating for this dam intervention as 30 per the Risk Assessment Tool is low. Hence, in accordance with the overall GBV Risk Mitigation Framework for the project, guidelines will be developed commensurate to the low risk category to address Gender Based Violence Risk before invitation of bids. The Plan will provide a set of measures such as orientation to all categories of labour including department staff/dam site personnel. The document shall be prepared by Rajasthan WRD with support from the E&S Staff of Rajasthan WRD. 31 Chapter ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL RISKS AND 5 IMPACTS Based on the relevance of each standard, as identified in the Chapter on Legal and Institutional Framework, ensuing sections summarize the environmental and social risks and impacts likely due to the proposed interventions followed by the mitigation measures considered, for each relevant standard. Table below, presents the Risk and impacts grouped in respect of the applicable ESS identified in chapter 3 earlier: Applicable ESS Risk and Impacts area assessed ESS1 The risks and impacts is carried out as per requirement of this standard ESS2- Labour and Working Types of Workers/labour and working conditions Conditions ESS3- Resource Efficiency Impact on Physiography/land use/Geology/Soil and Pollution Prevention Impacts on water resources/Water Quality and Management Impact on Air quality/Noise levels Impact due waste generation/disposal ESS4 Community Health and safety 5.1 ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF E&S RISK AND IMPACT (ESS 1) Proposed intervention are categorised as civil, electromechanical and paint work requiring labour involvement for works and their stay at site for a period of about 3 years, use of resources such as water and power during construction, pollution generation from storage and handling of material, generation of waste, use of paints and other chemicals for construction activities, transportation of raw material, etc. In addition, labour intensive work always involves risks of accidents such as working at heights, working on upstream body of dam, underground activities, etc. As all the proposed structural interventions are within the dam premises or the dam structure itself, no adverse impacts are not envisaged on communities including on the disadvantaged or vulnerable people. On the contrary, all communities including disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and groups will indirectly benefit from these proposed interventions that shall enhance dam safety. However, in case of non-structural interventions relating to early flood warning systems having siren systems, broadcasting facilities and Emergency Action Plans, project will need to make extra efforts to reach out to the disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and groups to involve them in both preparation and implementation. 5.2 LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS (ESS 2) Water Resources Department, Rajasthan shall contract agencies to undertake civil works, agencies/firms to support core-functions; primary suppliers of material/equipment and other implementation support partners, and these could be from anywhere in the country. 32 Construction works will require labour force and associated goods and services. Based on the construction package sizes and the project implementation schedule, the peak construction workforce/manpower has been estimated as 50. These will be skilled and semi-skilled workforce of contractors and expected to stay on site for a period of 2 years. In addition, there will be floating population of suppliers, transporters of material and their labour who will keep on moving in and out of the site during the work period of 2 years. Construction contractors are expected to stay at/near dam, set up construction equipment and machinery near work location at pre-determined/approved sites. Project shall comprise the following types of workers: 1. Direct workers: Direct workers will include the project managers and supervisors, who are employees of WRD. The estimated number of direct workers is not likely to exceed 30 as per existing institutional arrangements and practices of WRD. 2. Contracted workers: All the work force deployed by the Contractors will be deemed to be contracted workers. The Contractor(s) might further engage multiple subcontractors. All work force of all such sub-contractors will be also deemed to be contracted workers. These will also include Migrant workers as all the required labor will not be fully supplied locally for a number of reasons, such as worker unavailability and lack of technical skills and capacity. 3. Migrant Workers: The migrant workers are that, who are employed for the Project but does not belong to the Project region and are not normally expected to return to their places of residence after work shift hours. The number of migrant workers in any contract package, would depend on decisions made by contractors, based on the locally available workforce and their skills for Project construction requirements. The migrant workers could be at all levels and include unskilled and semiskilled construction labour and could even comprise combination of male and women labour force. The migrant workers are either directly engaged by the contractor or through labour contractors, who supply the work force to as per the needs of the contractors. 4. Primary Supply Workers: No primary supplier or primary supply workers are anticipated as all goods and services essential to the core functions of the project shall be provided by the contractor contracted by Rajasthan WRD. 5. Community Workers: Community workers are envisaged under the Emergency Action Plans, who will be mostly volunteers for implementing parts of the EAP Potential Labour risks: Following are the potential risks associated with workers/labours engaged in execution of planned intervention works. Impact/Risks on Community 1. Waste generation from labour colony can pollute drinking water sources of community 33 Impacts/Risks for Workforce 1. Safety issues while at work like injuries/accidents/ fatalities leading to even death, while at work; 2. Short terms effects due to exposure to dust and noise levels, while at work 3. Long term effects on life due to exposure to chemical /hazardous wastes 4. Inadequate accommodation facilities at work force camps, including inadequate sanitation and health facilities 5. Non-payment of wages 6. Discrimination in Employment (e.g. abrupt termination of the employment, working conditions, wages or benefits etc.) 7. Sexual harassment at work 8. Absence or inadequate or inaccessible emergency response system for rescue of labour/workforce in situations of natural calamities. 9. Health risks of labour relating to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases In addition, other risks that would be applicable for all types of workers would be as follows: 1. Unclear terms and conditions of employment 2. Discrimination and denial of equal opportunity in hiring and promotions/incentives/training opportunities 3. Denial for workers’ rights to form worker’s organizations, etc. 4. Absence of a grievance mechanism for labour to seek redressal of their grievances/issues. 5.3 RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT (ESS 3) Impact on Physiography The dam is operational since 1957 and the present interventions involve only civil and electromechanical works to improve dam operation and safety. All the work will be carried out at one location i.e. at dam, therefore, physiography will not change due to any of the proposed interventions. Therefore, there will be no significant impact on physiography of the region due to the proposed interventions. Impact on Land/Geology All project components are proposed to occur within existing dam with no land acquisition. Therefore, impact on land and geology will be limited to sourcing of construction material or related to disposal of construction waste only. The civil works will require different materials such as earth, aggregate, boulders, and sand. The requirement of such material is not large and will be sourced from already operational and approved mines/quarries. The construction waste generation is also likely to be minimal and will be either disposed off or reused for land filling or levelling purposes. However, requisite mitigation measures will be taken to minimise impact further. The various ‘resource efficacy’ options during design include optimize usage of material generated from excavation for wall foundation and generation of construction waste from 34 repair activities and thereby reduce potential impact due to dumping etc., are considered to achieve minimum construction footprint. Impact on Soil Repair sites will impact soil due to repair and demolition works such as resetting of disturbed u/s riprap, spillage during repair works of cracked RCC piers, roads, parapet walls, blocked toe filter, filter drains, drainage system, operation of construction equipment and machinery and waste generation thereof, etc. There is also possibility of contamination of soil from leakage and spillage during handling and storage of fuels and chemicals. Muck Disposal: The activities that generate construction debris and/or spoil are removal of damaged rip- raps, other repair activities such as repair works of cracked RCC piers, roads, parapet walls, blocked toe filter, filter drains, drainage system, etc. This being largely repair work, quantities have not been estimated and they are not expected to be significant to create disposal problem. Nevertheless, all the construction debris/muck generated needs to be disposed off in a planned manner to avoid adverse impacts on soil. WRD along with contractor will prepare project specific muck / debris disposal plan and provide sufficient site for such disposals. Impacts on Water Resources The proposed intervention activities are not expected to impact drainage pattern or water resources (ground or surface) in any way as the proposed improvement interventions are neither crossing, altering or disturbing drainages nor impacting ground water resource in any form. The water for construction will be sourced from dam and as such requirement will be limited. However, use of water resources will be optimised before start of work through application of Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention techniques which will include optimal use planning, recycle and reuse option. WRD along with contractor will prepare project specific water use analysis based on detailed design and prepare an action plan for water conservation and management and submit to SPMU/CPMU/WB for approval. Impacts on Water Quality Construction related impacts and risks for water quality include: a) accidental release of fuel or chemicals and contamination from poor or uncontrolled disposal of waste which can affect both surface and groundwater b) contamination from construction machinery working near water bodies c) discharges and disturbance of soil and sediment that drain into surface waters d) Generation of sanitary wastes from camp site and construction sites finding way to water bodies Impact on Ambient Air Quality 35 As discussed in baseline, ambient air quality in the area is pristine and without any significant anthropogenic sources of pollution. Construction activities can give rise to dust emissions if not effectively managed and have the potential to affect receptors near to the main construction sites due to dust generated from demolition, excavation, operation of construction equipment and machinery, increased movement of vehicles, onto the local road network. However, this impact is expected to be localised and temporary. Earth works will result in exposed areas of soil which will potentially generate dust when it is windy, with dust potentially being generated when winds blow at all times of day or night, not just during active periods of construction. The level and distribution of dust emissions will vary according to the duration and location of activity, weather conditions, and the effectiveness of suppression measures. Gaseous emission during construction will be from machinery, equipment and vehicles used for material transportation. The operation of vehicles and equipment will result in emissions of carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. In particular, all commercial vehicle driven with diesel fuel is often used in India. The greatest impact on air quality due to emissions from vehicles and plant will be in the areas immediately adjacent to work area. Generally, additional vehicle movements generated during the construction phase will have the potential to influence local air quality at sensitive receptors located at close proximity to road and pollutant concentration is likely to reduce with increase distance from road. The impacts will therefore apply mostly to the villages on route to dam. As the project is presently operational and the interventions are not going to alter the project operation in any manner, no operational phase impacts are envisaged on ambient air quality. Impact of Noise and Vibration Sources of noise will be the vehicles and equipment for construction at the project site. Due to construction activity in the area, noise levels will increase during the period of construction, however, they will remain limited to the work area mainly where construction activity will progress. Additionally, noise levels will increase on approach roads due to increased traffic. Impact of noise generation due to operation of construction machines and equipment is the exposure of workers operating these machines and other who are working in the surrounding. Such impacts can become significant if they are exposed to high noise for long hours continuously. Impact due to Waste Generation/Disposal About 170 labour are expected to reside in the area during peak construction period. Proper sanitary and solid waste management facilities would be provided at the labour camps/colonies. In the absence of proper solid waste management plan, there can be serious impacts of land and water pollution due to indiscriminate disposal of domestic waste. In addition, there will be odour issues and health impacts. It is essential that from 36 the planning stage, sewage management (Septic tank/Soak pit) and solid waste disposal (segregated collection and disposal of waste) facilities should be provided to maintain the health of the people and the environment. Project interventions include substantial amount of electro-mechanical work such as Repair/Maintenance of hydraulic and electrical system of radial gates, Replacement of rubber seal and repair of rollers of gates, Repair / replacement of gates and hoists and Repair of gantry crane and rails. These activities will generate significant amount of waste in terms of replaced parts, packaging material, empty containers, use and disposal of oil & grease, iron scrap, etc. there will be a mix of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. It is important to have a plan ready for disposal of such wastes before start of the activity. Contractor shall provide first-aid/basic medical facilities to labour at site. Bio-medical waste may get generated form such facilities which can spread infections if disposed off in an uncontrolled manner. It will need to be disposed off as per Bio Medical Waste Management Handling Rules. 5.4 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY (ESS 4) Heath safety and security risks and impacts on project affected communities especially on vulnerable people are not considered significant as communities are not directly involved or getting impacted. However, the project construction would involve engagement of labour, transportation and handling of material, civil construction and electromechanical works and such activities will impact the community and increase the risks. Engagement of labour for project work and their stay at site for about 2 years’ time, will increase the risks of crimes including gender based violence. Waste generation from labour camps/colony if not handled properly, will pollute the water resources used by community for drinking leading to health impacts. Migratory workforce may be bringing in new and infectious diseases not known to area. Transportation of material will increase the traffic on village roads. There are 8-9 villages in vicinity of dam site where traffic will be impacted due to increased movement of traffic and thus impact the community by way of increased noise and air pollution. In addition, this will also increase the risk of accidents. Similarly, civil construction and electromechanical works will lead to pollution generation in the form of air emissions and noise generation, which will remain local and are not expected to impact the community. Construction waste and electromechanical work waste, especially the hazardous waste if not disposed off properly have the potential of impacting the surrounding community. 37 Chapter ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL 6 MANAGEMENT PLAN As can be seen from the above discussion, the interventions proposed under Gambhiri sub- project are of the nature of civil and electro-mechanical work besides Non-structural interventions such as early flood warning systems, Emergency action plans. In case of structural interventions, there is no additional land requirement – neither forest nor private, as all the interventions remain within the close proximity to dam body itself. Impacts/risks as assessed under ESIA study will remain limited to dam area except for procurement and transportation of material and labour habitation in the area, which have the potential of impacting community around the dam site. 6.1 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN E&S impacts/risks for this sub-project Dam is Low risk, as identified in the previous chapter. These risks and impacts can be mitigated by appropriately implementing management measures. Based on the ESIA following plans/procedures have been identified to effectively mitigate the environment and social impacts and risks of the proposed interventions: • Muck and Debris Disposal Plans The WRD will share identified locations of muck or debris disposal sites with the contractor. The contractor will develop a muck and debris disposal plan after incorporating longitudinal and cross section references to assess volume or capacity of the disposal site and will submit muck/ debris disposal Plan before commencement of the work at site. This action needs to be included in the Bid Document as one of the key requirements. • Labour Management Procedure including GRM The Procedure will set out the way in which project workers will be managed, in accordance with the requirements of national law and the bank’s ESS Standards and will address the way in which this ESS will apply to different categories of project workers. It covers the terms and conditions of employment, non-discrimination and equal opportunity, worker’s organization and welfare. Protecting the workforce, establishing minimum age for labour to prevent child labour will be defined in the procedure. The responsibility to manage any adverse impacts would be clearly reflected in the contractual obligations of the Contractor with appropriate mechanisms for addressing non-compliance. A grievance mechanism will be provided for all direct workers and contracted to raise workplace concerns and workers will be informed of the grievance mechanism at the time of recruitment along with the measures put in place to protect them against any reprisal for its use. Mechanism should be easily accessible to all project workers. It should be designed to address concerns promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that provides timely feedback to those concerned in a language they understand, without 38 any retribution, and will operate in an independent and objective manner. The document shall be prepared by Rajasthan WRD with support from the E&S consultants and shall be applicable for all dams taken under DRIP 2 in the state. It shall be sent for review to the Bank before finalizing and it would be disclosed on Rajasthan WRD one month before mobilization of the Contractor. • OHS Measures Measures relating to occupational health and safety applies to the project as it involves engagement of workers. The OHS measures will take into account the General Environment Health and Safety Guidelines and applicable legal requirements. The OHS measures will be designed and implemented to address: i. identification of potential hazards to project workers, particularly those that may be life threatening; ii. provision of preventive and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions or substances; iii. training on occupational safety and health, and maintenance of training records iv. Provision of personal protective equipment without expense to the project workers. v. documentation and reporting of occupational accidents, diseases and incidents; vi. emergency prevention and preparedness and response arrangements to emergency situations; vii. remedies for adverse impacts such as occupational injuries, deaths, disability and disease viii. accident reporting and analysis procedure ix. system for regular review of OHS performance The document shall be prepared by Rajasthan WRD with support from the E&S consultants and shall be applicable for all dams taken under DRIP 2 in the state. It shall be sent for review to the Bank before finalizing and it would be disclosed by Rajasthan WRD one month before mobilization of the Contractor. • GBV Risk Mitigation Guidelines The proposed structural interventions are extremely localized in nature and will be carried out in areas of restricted access – as normally all dams are. These structural interventions will not result in any project interface with local communities, the overall GBV rating for this dam intervention as per the Risk Assessment Tool is low. Hence, in accordance with the overall GBV Risk Mitigation Framework for the project, guidelines will be developed commensurate to the low risk category to address Gender Based Violence Risk before invitation of bids. The Plan will provide a set of measures such as orientation to all categories of labour including department staff/dam site personnel. The document shall be prepared by Rajasthan WRD with support from the E&S Staff of Rajasthan WRD. • Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention Measures Keeping in view the risks and impacts of the proposed activities, WRD will prepare a set of measures to be implemented by the Contractors to ensure efficient use of resources and 39 avoid/minimize the pollution from proposed interventions. The measures should address all possible impacts identified above, with respect to resource use and pollution generation from civil works including road repair, electromechanical and painting work and also from labour camps and colonies. It should focus on reuse/recycling; energy efficiency such as solar lights and cookers for colony/community kitchen for workers, where possible. The project’s demand for major raw material such as boulders, aggregate and sand for construction will be sourced through pre-existing authorized quarries, with valid environment clearance. To mitigate air and noise pollution from transportation, material storage and handling and construction activities, following measures should be included: • To ensure trucks are loaded only up to permitted capacities to prevent high emission • The ensure trucks used for transportation of material is covered by tarpaulin and provided tail board, so that en-route spillage and generation of fugitive dust are prevented. • Vehicles in good condition with valid PUC (Pollution Under Control) certificate shall be deployed during construction • Regular sprinkling of the water will be done on construction sites for dust suppression. • Mobile DG sets shall be used for lighting only during construction phase and they should meet emission and noise standards as per guidelines/standards issued by CPCB. • All the construction workers and other staff, who get directly exposed to dust, should necessarily be provided with dust masks. Workers in high noise area, will be provided with ear muffs and their use will be monitored. Workers exposure (time duration) to high noise will also be controlled. • Minimize the use of noise producing equipment during night hours to avoid the disturbance to locals and wild animals of surrounding area. To mitigate the risk of wastewater from construction site and colony finding its way to fresh water source without treatment, the following measures should be included: • All toilets and wash areas in worker’s colony have functional septic tanks and soak pit arrangements, of adequate capacity. • No discharge from oil/lube storage areas shall be directly discharged in to any open surface water channel/ streams. • Construction along the river bank/reservoir shall be done when surface water level is receded and clear construction area is available. • Storage of material and construction equipment should be kept away from the drainages to avoid any spillage and pollution of surface water. For solid and hazardous waste management, sites should be identified for disposal of construction waste, surplus excavated material, and other solid wastes; and appropriate permissions taken for dumping with restoration plan covering engineering and biological measures as appropriate. No dump site shall be located in forest area. WRD needs to prepare a plan to identify and quantify all the waste generated from electro- mechanical work include replaced parts with estimated quantities and categorisation as hazardous and non-hazardous waste. The plan should also identify the temporary secured and covered storage location till the time it is removed, contractors/vendors who will pick these parts/wastes; authorisation status of contractors for hazardous wastes. 40 Measures should also cover cleanliness of the labour colony, provision of basic sold waste collection facilities and restrict dumping of solid waste on land or in water body. Contractor should provide bins for dumping of domestic waste from colony and ensure timely pick up and dumping at authorised location. The document shall be prepared by Rajasthan WRD with support from the E & S consultants and shall be applicable for all dams taken under DRIP 2 in the state. It shall be sent for review to the Bank before finalizing and it would be disclosed by Rajasthan WRD one month before mobilization of the Contractor. • Emergency Response Plan The plan will identify and implement measures to address emergency events, arising from both natural and man-made hazards, typically in the form of fire, explosions, leaks or spills or flooding of downstream area in case of dam break. The measures will be designed to address the emergency event in a coordinated and expeditious manner, to prevent it from injuring the health and safety of the community, and to minimize, mitigate and compensate for any impacts that may occur. ERP will cover emergency preparedness and response activities, resources, and responsibilities, and will disclose appropriate information to affected communities, relevant government agencies, or other relevant parties. The Borrower will assist and collaborate with affected communities, relevant government agencies and other relevant parties in their preparations to respond effectively to an emergency. The plan so prepared should be dovetailed with district disaster management plan and state disaster management plan. The plan shall be prepared by Rajasthan WRD by engaging expert consultants and is part of DRIP 2 activities; it should be ready before the invitation of bids. • Procedures for Stakeholder Engagement The Stakeholder Engagement Framework (SEF) will describe the timing, methods of engagement with stakeholders and range of information, distinguishing between project- affected parties and other interested parties, as well as the type of information to be sought from them. The procedures developed based on SEF will set out how stakeholders will be engaged throughout project preparation and implementation and describe the measures that will be used to remove obstacles to participation, and how the views of differently affected groups will be captured. Where applicable, the procedures will include differentiated measures to allow the effective participation of those identified as disadvantaged or vulnerable. The draft Framework will be prepared by CWC in discussion with Rajasthan WRD and will be disclosed. The Stakeholder Engagement Procedures will be developed specific to the proposed interventions at the site, prior to invitation of bids. • Institutional Arrangement As part of institutional strengthening for implementation of sub-projects, Environmental and Social staff will be engaged by the department to enable preparation of management plans as well subsequent implementation of mitigation measures during implementation. IA will hire experts from outside department or seek deputation of staff with relevant 41 experience • Grievance Mechanism WRD shall establish and implement a grievance mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of concerns and grievances, from the communities and other stakeholders including implementation partners. It shall be proportionate to the potential risks and impacts of the project and be accessible and inclusive. The department will establish three levels of Grievance Mechanism: 1. A cell at each of the dam site headed by respective Executive Engineer 2. A cell at the SPMU headed by CE/PD 3. A committee at the state government level headed by Secretary to Government Details on the processes and procedures for the GRM will be provided in the Stakeholder Engagement Framework. 6.2 MONITORING REPORTING AND BUDGETING SPMU will prepare a monitoring, reporting and budgeting requirement to implement above plans and measures, which will be approved by CPMU - CWC. This will form part of bid documents for contractors for carrying out the proposed activities. SPMU will prepare a quarterly monitoring report and submit to CPMU – CWC. 6.3 Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) and other requirements WRD, Rajasthan will agree on an Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) with the Bank covering the material measures and actions that are required for the project to achieve compliance with the ESSs over a specified timeframe. It will take into account the findings of the environmental and social assessment, the Bank’s environmental and social due diligence and the results of engagement with stakeholders. ESCP will clearly spell out the plans to be prepared with time frame and responsibility. 42 Annexure I Socio-economic Profile of Proximity villages (Study Area) Study area is defined as proximity villages i.e. villages which fall within 5 km distance from dam on downstream side. These are Kriparam Kheri, Pemandiya Khera, Motha, Arniya, Arnoda, Mohammadpura, Bhoojiya Kheri, Tai and Baroli Ghata in district Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. A. Demography of Study Area S. No. Description Number Percentage to Respective Total 1 Total Population 6,043 100.0 Male 3,088 51.10 Female 2,955 48.90 Sex Ratio 957 2 Population (0-6 age group) 775 100.0 Male 411 53.03 Female 364 46.97 Child Sex Ratio 886 3 Scheduled Caste (SC) Population 1,202 100.0 Male 619 51.50 Female 583 48.50 Sex Ratio 942 4 Scheduled Tribe (ST) Population 1,051 100.0 Male 540 51.38 Female 511 48.62 Sex Ratio 946 5 General Category (Including OBC) 3,790 100.0 Male 1,929 50.90 Female 1,861 49.10 Sex Ratio 965 6 Total No. of Households 1295 Average Household Size 5 7 Total Literates 3,364 100.0 Male 2,153 64.00 Female 1,211 36.00 Overall Literacy Rate 63.86 Male Literacy Rate 80.43 Female Literacy Rate 46.74 Gender Gap in Literacy Rate 33.69 8 Total Workers 3,603 100.0 Male 1,809 50.21 Female 1,794 49.79 Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate 0.42 9 Main Workers 3,469 100.0 Male 1,771 51.05 Female 1,698 48.95 Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate 2.1 10 Marginal Workers 134 100.0 Male 38 28.36 Female 96 71.64 Gender Gap in Work Participation Rate -43.28 11 Household Industrial Workers 111 100.0 Male 65 58.56 43 Female 46 41.44 12 Cultivators 2,590 100.0 Male 1,253 48.38 Female 1,337 51.62 13 Agricultural Labour 676 100.0 Male 306 45.27 Female 370 54.73 14 ‘Other Workers’ 226 100.0 Male 185 81.86 Female 41 18.14 Source: Census of India, 2011 B. Population Composition According to Census 2011, total population of the study area has been worked out to 6,043. The gender wise distribution of the above population is 3,088 (51.10%) male and 2,955 (48.90%) female. The overall sex ratio of the study area has been worked out to 957 females per 1,000 males. The entire population of the study area is distributed into approx. 1,295 households and the average household size is five. Village wise population distribution of the study area is given in the table below: Village wise Population Distribution with Sex Ratio S. No. Village No. of HH Population Sex Total Male Female Ratio 01 Kriparam Kheri 136 666 333 333 1000 02 Pemandiya Khera 75 317 175 142 811 03 Motha 207 998 511 487 953 04 Arniya 9 52 31 21 677 05 Arnoda 5 32 15 17 1133 06 Mohammadpura 96 501 255 246 965 07 Bhoojiya Kheri 170 830 430 400 930 08 Tai 257 1148 580 568 979 09 Baroli Ghata 340 1499 758 741 978 TOTAL 1,295 6,043 3,088 2,955 957 Source: Census of India, 2011 C. Child Population Distribution In the study area, the total child population of 0-6 age group has been worked out to 755 which represent 12.82% of the total population. Of the total child population, 53.03 % are boys and remaining 46.97% are girl child. The child sex ratio in this age group is 886 girls per 1,000 boys. 44 Village wise child population distribution of the study area is given in the table below: S. No. Village Child Population (0-6) Age Group Sex Total Boys Girls Ratio 01 Kriparam Kheri 84 42 42 1,000 02 Pemandiya Khera 36 19 17 895 03 Motha 163 88 75 852 04 Arniya 8 6 2 333 05 Arnoda 06 01 05 5,000 06 Mohammadpura 51 27 24 889 07 Bhoojiya Kheri 119 70 49 700 08 Tai 126 62 64 1,032 09 Baroli Ghata 182 96 86 896 TOTAL 775 411 364 886 Source: Census of India, 2011 D. Social Group Population Distribution Total population of the study area is distributed into different social groups like Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and General Category (including OBC). The share of these social groups’ population to the total population of the study area is 19.89%, 17.39% and 62.72% respectively. • Scheduled Caste (SC) Population: In the study area, Scheduled Caste population has been worked out to 1202 which constitute about 19.89% of the total population. Of this, 51.50% is male and remaining 48.50% is female. The sex ratio among Scheduled Caste population has been worked out to 942 females per 1,000 males. 45 Village wise SC population distribution of the study area is given in the table below: S. No. Village SC Population Sex Ratio Total Male Female 01 Kriparam Kheri 205 105 100 952 02 Pemandiya Khera 69 38 31 816 03 Motha 340 174 166 954 04 Arniya 6 4 2 500 05 Arnoda 0 0 0 000 06 Mohammadpura 46 26 20 769 07 Bhoojiya Kheri 89 43 46 1070 08 Tai 158 74 84 1135 09 Baroli Ghata 289 155 134 865 TOTAL 1202 619 583 942 Source: Census of India, 2011 • Scheduled Tribe Population: The Scheduled Tribe population in the study area has been worked out to 1,051 which represent 17.39% of the total population. Of the total Scheduled Tribe population, 51.38% is male and 48.62% is female. The sex ratio among the Scheduled Tribe population has been worked out to 946 females per 1,000 males. Village wise ST population distribution of the study area is given in the table below: S. No. Village ST Population Sex Ratio Total Male Female 01 Kriparam Kheri 153 76 77 1,013 02 Pemandiya Khera 0 0 0 000 03 Motha 217 111 106 955 04 Arniya 12 6 6 1,000 46 05 Arnoda 0 0 0 000 06 Mohammadpura 56 28 28 1,000 07 Bhoojiya Kheri 155 79 76 962 08 Tai 255 135 120 889 09 Baroli Ghata 203 105 98 933 TOTAL 1,051 540 511 946 Source: Census of India, 2011 • General Category (including OBC) Population: The population of this group has been worked out to 3,790 which is 62.72% of the total population of the study area. Of the total population of this group, 50.90% is male and 49.10% is female. The sex ratio among this group of population has been worked out to 965 females per 1,000 males. Village wise General Category (including OBC) population distribution of the study area is given in the table below: S. No. Village GEN (including ‘OBC’) Population Sex Ratio Total Male Female 01 Kriparam Kheri 308 152 156 1026 02 Pemandiya Khera 248 137 111 810 03 Motha 441 226 215 951 04 Arniya 34 21 13 619 05 Arnoda 32 15 17 1133 06 Mohammadpura 399 201 198 985 07 Bhoojiya Kheri 586 308 278 903 08 Tai 735 371 364 981 09 Baroli Ghata 1007 498 509 1022 TOTAL 3,790 1,929 1,861 965 Source: Census of India, 2011 E. Literates, Literacy Rate and Gender Gap in Literacy Rate In the study area, 55.67% of the population is literate in which male literates are 64.00% and that of females are 36.00%. The overall literacy rate in the study area has been worked out to 63.86%. The male literacy rate is 80.43% and female literacy rate is 46.74%, creating a gender gap in literacy rate of 33.69%. 47 Village wise literate population and literacy rate is given in the table below : S. No. Village Literate Population Literacy Rate (%) Total Male Female Total Male Female 01 Kriparam Kheri 378 246 132 64.95 84.54 45.36 02 Pemandiya Khera 171 125 46 60.85 80.13 36.80 03 Motha 541 334 207 64.79 78.96 50.24 04 Arniya 27 16 11 61.36 64.00 57.89 05 Arnoda 20 12 8 76.92 85.71 66.67 06 Mohammadpura 293 185 108 65.11 81.14 48.65 07 Bhoojiya Kheri 411 260 151 57.81 72.22 43.02 08 Tai 691 427 264 67.61 82.43 52.38 09 Baroli Ghata 832 548 284 63.17 82.78 43.36 TOTAL 3,364 2,153 1,211 63.86 80.43 46.74 Source: Census of India, 2011 F. Workers and Work Participation Rate The economic classification of workers as per Census 2011 is saying that total number of workers in the study area is 3,603 which constitute 59.62% of the total population. Of the total workers, 50.21% are males and remaining 49.79% are females. In absolute term, total number of male workers is 1,809 and that of female is 1,794. The gender gap in work participation rate is only 0.42%. Further of the total workers, 96.28% are main workers and remaining 3.72% are marginal workers. Of the total main workers, 51.05% are male and remaining 48.95% are female which creates a gender gap in work participation rate of 2.10%. In case of marginal workers, 28.36% are male and 71.64% are female that creates a gender gap of minus (-) 43.28% in this segment of work participation. 48 Village wise working population of the study area is given in the table below: Village Name Total Worker Main Worker Marginal Worker T M F T M F T M F Kriparam Kheri 406 196 210 389 188 201 17 8 9 Pemandiya Khera 185 112 73 179 109 70 6 3 3 Motha 475 252 223 440 245 195 35 7 28 Arniya 22 15 7 22 15 7 0 0 0 Arnoda 19 11 8 19 11 8 0 0 0 Mohammadpura 330 156 174 288 144 144 42 12 30 Bhoojiya Kheri 474 243 231 448 238 210 26 5 21 Tai 741 363 378 734 360 374 7 3 4 Baroli Ghata 951 461 490 950 461 489 1 0 1 TOTAL 3,603 1,809 1,794 3,469 1,771 1,698 134 38 96 Source: Census of India, 2011 The workers are further divided into Cultivators, Agricultural Labours, Household Industrial Workers and ‘Other Workers’. Their shares in the total workers are 71.88%, 18.76%, 3.08% and 6.27% respectively. 49 Distribution of working population with various occupations is given in table below: S. No. Village Total Cultivators Agricultural Household Industrial Other Workers Labour Workers Workers 01 Kriparam Kheri 406 204 165 9 28 02 Pemandiya Khera 185 126 38 0 21 03 Motha 475 216 147 31 81 04 Arniya 22 22 0 0 0 05 Arnoda 19 17 0 0 2 06 Mohammadpura 330 290 18 3 19 07 Bhoojiya Kheri 474 279 119 55 21 08 Tai 741 630 88 7 16 09 Baroli Ghata 951 806 101 6 38 TOTAL 3,603 2,590 676 111 226 Source: Census of India, 2011 Agriculture and allied activities are the main occupation & sources of livelihood and income for most of the local people in the study area. Rabi and Kharif, both are the main crops. Wheat, gram, bajra, barley, jowar, guar, moong, moth, methi, isabgol are the main crops from production point of view in the study area. Vegetable and fruits are also being produced in the study area. Canals and Tube wells are main sources of irrigation in most of the part of the study area whereas most of the farmers belonging from the district Ajmer are mostly dependent on rain crops/kharif crops. In this part of the study area, most of the land is being irrigated by wells. Apart from this, other people are engaged in household industries and ancillary works. G. Basic Amenities The basic amenities like education, health, drinking water, electricity, approach road, transportation and other facilities available in the study area are given in the following table: Basic Amenities Available in the Study Area EDUCATION Type of Institutes Number Pre-primary School (Pvt.) 04 Primary School (Govt.) 06 Primary School (Pvt.) 04 Educational Institutions Middle School (Govt.) 02 Middle School (Pvt.) 04 Secondary School (Govt.) 01 Secondary School (Pvt.) 02 HEALTH Type of Facilities Number Primary Health Centre 01 Primary Health Sub-Centre 03 Health Facilities Non-Govt. Medical Facilities (For Out Patient) 04 ASHA 07 Anganwadi Centre (Nutritional Centre) 07 Nutritional Centre- ICDS 07 WATER Drinking Water Means of Drinking Water No. of Villages 50 Tap (Treated & Un-treated) 04 Well (Covered & Un-covered) 02 Hand Pump 04 Tube wells 08 Tank 02 ELECTRICITY Types of Electricity Available No. of Villages Power for Domestic Uses 09 Electricity Supply Power for Agriculture Uses 08 Power for Commercial or Industrial Uses 03 ROAD Types of Approach Roads No. of Villages Black Topped (Paved/Pucca) Road 02 Approach Road Gravel (Mud/Kachcha) Road 09 Footpath Road 09 TRANSPORTATION Types of Road Transportation Available No. of Villages Public Bus Services 02 Road Transportation Private Bus Services 03 Taxi Services 01 OTHER AMENITIES Agricultural Credit Society 01 Public Distribution System Shop 03 Other Amenities Sub-post Office 02 Open Drainage 08 Closed Drainage 04 Source: Census of India, 2011 Basic amenities like water supply for drinking and other uses is available with various sources such as Tap (Treated & Un-treated), Well (Covered & Un-covered), Hand Pump, Tube wells and Tank etc. Electricity is available for domestic, agriculture and commercial or industrial uses in almost all over the study area. The study area having approach roads as Black Topped (Paved), Gravel (Kachcha) and Footpath. 51