EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA WOMEN DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER AT A GLANCE MEN POPULATION BY AGE, 2010 Source: UN World Population Prospects. 81827 100+ MONTENEGRO 90-94 80-84 70-74 GNI per capita (Atlas Method) US$6,9401 60-64 Population living below US$2.50 1%2 50-54 Most recent…. 40-44 Government Gender Action Plan 2008-2012 30-34 Country Gender Assessment 2013, World Bank 20-24 Source: 1WDI, 2012. 2ECAPOV, 2011. Estimated as of September, 2013. 10-14 EQUALITY IN MONTENEGRO, 2000-2011 0-4 Source: GenderStats, UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union. Female gross WOMEN 2000* EDUCATION secondary MEN enrollment 2011** 100 GROSS ENROLLMENT (% of relevant age group), 2010 Source: GenderStats. 50 120 Female labor 100 Share of women force 0 80 in parliament participation (ages 15-64) 60 40 20 Women's 0 monthly wages as Primary Secondary Tertiary a share of men's (unadjusted) *Female gross secondary enrollment (2003); Female labor force participation (2003); WOMEN Share of women in parliament (2006). JOBS MEN ** Female gross secondary enrollment (2012); Female labor force participation (2012); Share of women in parliament (2013). LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION (% ages 15-64) , 2003- 2012 Source: MONSTAT. GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year 70% World Economic Forum 60% Global Gender Gap Index - 1 - 2012 UNDP 50% Gender Empowerment Measure 0.485 1 84/109 2009 40% OECD Social Institutions & Gender Index - 0 - 2012 30% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR*(%), 2010 Source: KILM (ILO). *Sectors include those with over 5% of total employment. Sector share of total employment Health and social work 6% Education 6% Wholesale and retail trade; repairs 23% Hotels and Restaurants 9% Public administration and defence 9% Agriculture, hunti ng and forestry 6% Manufacturing 11% Transport, Storage and communicati on 8% Const ruction 6% 0% 50% 100% The constitution of Montenegro guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal owner- LEGAL FRAMEWORK ship and inheritance rights to property. The default marital property regime is partial community of property. There are laws restricting the industries in which women may work. More specifically, there are restrictions regarding the employment of women in the areas of mining, metalworking, factories, and jobs deemed hazardous or arduous. Women are entitled to 45 calendar days of mater- nity leave with 100% of wages paid. Parents are entitled to an additional 365 days of parental leave with 100% of wages paid and 730 days of unpaid parental leave. The law guarantees pregnant and nursing women workplace protections from dismissal, placement in an equivalent position when they return from maternity leave, and rights to a flexible schedule. The law stipulates public provision of childcare for children under the age of primary education. The age at which men and women can retire and receive full benefits is 65 and 60, respectively. Source: Women, Business, and the Law (2013). PERCEPTIONS Roma Non-Roma ROMA POPULATION Educational expectation for boys/girls (16+)…. For boys For girls For boys For girls Primary education 3% 3% 2% 0% Roma Non-Roma Lower secondary education 26% 26% 3% 4% KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Upper secondary education 55% 48% 39% 35% Literacy rate (16+) 84% 62% 99% 99% Post-secondary education 15% 22% 55% 60% Gross enrollment rate Roma Non-Roma (Upper-secondary education 16-19) 14% 12% 59% 65% Believe it somewhat or fully acceptable... Male Female Male Female Average years of education (25-64) 5.0 2.6 11.0 10.2 For a man to slap his wife 23% 19% 7% 5% Employment rate (15-64) 47% 8% 54% 31% For a wife to slap her husband 3% 6% 4% 4% Unemployment rate (15-64) 35% 70% 26% 36% Felt discriminated against because of… POVERTY Roma Non-Roma Ethnicity 10% 7% <1% 1% PPP$2.15 expenditures based 5% 1% Gender <1% 2% 0% <1% PPP$4.30 expenditures based 25% 5% Source: UNDP/WB/EC Roma survey for Montenegro (2011). Montenegro Europe & Central OECD Upper Middle Year* Asia Income KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 95 103 102 103 103 111 110 2012 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 96 100 97 103 102 84 87 2012 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 43 53 54 66 68 84 33 40 2010 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 98 98 99 100 101 97 99 2012 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 99 97 99 98 96 91 2010 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 10 14 25 31 29 32 2005 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment - 101 - 98 - 100 - 104 2012 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 77 73 80 78 83 71 75 2011 Maternal mortality rates (per 100,000 live births) - 8 - 21 - 13 - 64 2010 Fertility rates (births per woman) - 1.6 - 1.7 - 1.7 - 1.8 2011 Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64) 77 62 79 65 83 65 Unemployment 19.5 20.0 8.9 8.7 8.2 8.0 2011 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24) 35.5 40.0 19.9 20.5 18.4 17.1 2011 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 20 11 2011 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 living in household Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) - 26 - - - 2009 Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's - - - - wages, unadjusted) Share of women employed in the non-agricultural sector (% of - 46 - 47 - 47 - 39 2009 total non-agricultural employment) Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+) 52 49 92 89 62 53 2011 Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments(%) - 17 - 24 - 26 - 22 2013 Firms with female top managers (%) - 25 - - - 2009 Share of women among ministers (%) - 6 - 19 - 25 - 15 2012 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Data from GenderStats (downloaded on September 10, 2013), UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of September 1, 2013), and the central statistics office of M ontenegro. DATA Please note that where possible, data is from harmonized, internationally comparable sources. WANT TO KNOW MORE? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at www.datatopics.worldbank.org/gender